title: Congenital diseases of the lower urinary tract.
abstract: Congenital lower urinary tract diseases occur with variable frequency and may result in clinical signs of urinary incontinence, urinary obstruction, or urination through abnormal openings. This article discusses diagnosis of congenital diseases of the urinary bladder and urethra and describes treatment of these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, 880 Canal Street, Stamford, CT 06902, USA. Electronic address: joe.bartges@cuvs.org.
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bartges
authors.affiliation: Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, 880 Canal Street, Stamford, CT 06902, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Callens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000473:pathology; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Congenital; Lower urinary tract; Urethra; Urinary bladder