title: The hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test to predict the ophthalmic irritation potential of a cysteamine-containing gel: Quantification using Photoshop® and ImageJ.
abstract: A modified hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test has been developed, combining ImageJ analysis with Adobe(®) Photoshop(®). The irritation potential of an ophthalmic medicine can be quantified using this method, by monitoring damage to blood vessels. The evaluation of cysteamine containing hyaluronate gel is reported. The results demonstrated that the novel gel formulation is non-irritant to the ocular tissues, in line with saline solution (negative control). In conclusion, the modification of the established HET-CAM test can quantify the damage to minute blood vessels. These results offer the possibility to formulate cysteamine in an ocular applicable gel formulation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health & Wellbeing Research, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK. Electronic address: b.mckenzie1@rgu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health & Wellbeing Research, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health & Wellbeing Research, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
authors.forename: Kerr H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health & Wellbeing Research, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Knott
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cairns
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D002645:Chickens; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane; D003543:Cysteamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D007509:Irritants; C118495:hyaluronate alginate; D003543:Cysteamine; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Cysteamine; Cystinosis; HET-CAM test; ImageJ; Ophthalmic; Photoshop(®)