title: Gene expression related to lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipose tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A number of endogenous and external factors influence the development of obesity. However, the factors responsible for these differences in obesity pathogenesis between males and females are largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the expression of 35 genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and to receptors for insulin signaling in white adipose tissue (WAT) of 8-week-old 129/Sv mice and mice fed standard diet (STD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 35 weeks in males and females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 8 weeks, the expression levels of two genes for fatty acid synthesis, Acaca and Fasn, were higher in females than in males. Female mice fed a STD for 35 weeks also had higher expression levels of an additional four genes related to glucose transporters (Slc2a1 and Slc2a4) and adipokines (Adipoq and Nampt). The expression levels of these six genes were also higher in females than in males fed a HFD for 35 weeks. At 43 weeks old, the female-to-male expression ratio of these six genes was similar for the STD and HFD groups. Furthermore, glucose tolerance testing showed that the half-life for the elimination of elevated blood glucose was shorter in females than males, although blood glucose parameters were generally similar between females and males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that sex and aging may cause diet-independent differences in gene expression levels in female and male mice, and that higher expression of these genes in females could contribute to higher metabolic activity and resistance to obesity compared with males.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan. Electronic address: ykadota@ph.bunri-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D054890:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D057507:Mice, 129 Strain; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C499919:Adipoq protein, mouse; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; C495678:Slc2a1 protein, mouse; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; D054890:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C495867:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, mouse; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Adipokine; Gene expression; Glucose transporter; Obesity; White adipose tissue