title: A community-based participatory research methodology to address, redress, and reassess disparities in respiratory health among First Nations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date, determinants of respiratory health in First Nations people living on reserves and means of addressing and redressing those determinants have not been well established. Hence the Saskatchewan First Nations Lung Health Project (FNLHP) is a new prospective cohort study of aboriginal people being conducted in two First Nations reserves to evaluate potential health determinants associated with respiratory outcomes. Using the population health framework (PHF) of Health Canada, instruments designed with the communities, joint ownership of data, and based on the 4-phase concept of the First Nations Regional Longitudinal Health Survey, the project aims to evaluate individual factors, contextual factors, and principal covariates on respiratory outcomes. The objective of this report is to clearly describe the methodology of (i) the baseline survey that consists of two components, an interviewer-administered questionnaire and clinical assessment; and (ii) potential intervention programs; and present descriptive results of the baseline data of longitudinal FNLHP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is being conducted over 5 years (2012-2017) in two phases, baseline and longitudinal. Baseline survey has been completed and consisted of (i) an interviewer-administered questionnaire-based evaluation of individual and contextual factors of importance to respiratory health (with special focus on chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and obstructive sleep apnea), and (ii) clinical lung function and allergy tests with the consent of study participants. The address-redress phase consists of potential intervention programs and is currently being rolled out to address-at community level (via green light program and environmental study), and redress-at policy level (via obesity reduction and improved diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea) the issues that have been identified by the baseline data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interviewer-administered surveys were conducted in 2012-2013 and collected data on 874 individuals living in 406 households from two reserve communities located in Saskatchewan, Canada. Four hundred and forty six (51%) females and 428 (49%) males participated in the FNLHP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The information from this project will assist in addressing and redressing many of the issues involved including the provision of adequate housing, health lifestyle practices, and in planning for health service delivery.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. pup165@mail.usask.ca.|Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Science Building, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada. pup165@mail.usask.ca.
authors.forename: Punam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pahwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Science Building, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada. sylvia.abonyi@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abonyi
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. cpk646@mail.usask.ca.
authors.forename: Chandima
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karunanayake
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. donna.rennie@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Donna C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rennie
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Science Building, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada. bonnie.janzen@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Janzen
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. shelley.kirychuk@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirychuk
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. josh.lawson@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. tarun.katapally@usask.ca.|Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Science Building, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada. tarun.katapally@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katapally
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. kathleen.mcmullin@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McMullin
authors.affiliation: Community A, Saskatchewan, Canada. jseeseequasis@beardysband.com.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seeseequasis
authors.affiliation: Community B, Saskatchewan, Canada. anaytowhow@mlcn.ca.
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naytowhow
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. louise.hagel@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hagel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. roland.dyck@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Roland F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Dyck
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. mark.fenton@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fenton
authors.affiliation: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Colombia, Canada. sentil@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Ambikaipakan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senthilselvan
authors.affiliation: Department of Academic Family Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. vivian.ramsden@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramsden
authors.affiliation: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Colombia, Canada. malcolm_king@sfu.ca.
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. niels.koehncke@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koehncke
authors.affiliation: Johnson-Shoyama School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Regina, Canada. greg.machildon@uregina.ca.
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchildon
authors.affiliation: First Nations University of Canada, Saskatchewan, Regina, Canada. lmcbain@firstnationsuniversity.ca.
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McBain
authors.affiliation: Community B, Saskatchewan, Canada. dr.tom@sasktel.net.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith-Windsor
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. janet.smylie@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smylie
authors.affiliation: Indigenous Peoples' Health Research Centre, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Regina, Canada. jo-ann.episkenew@uregina.ca.
authors.forename: Jo-Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Episkenew
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. james.dosman@usask.ca.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dosman
mesh_terms: D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires