title: Changes in insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins are associated with diabetes mellitus in older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether changes in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) protein levels are greater in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus or worsening glycemia than in normoglycemic individuals over a 9-year follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of a cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited from North Carolina, California, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular Health Study All Stars participants, a cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older (N=897).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma IGF-I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1, and IGFBP-3 levels were assessed and American Diabetes Association cut-points for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and diabetes mellitus were used to classify participants at baseline (1996-97) and follow-up (2005-06).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, mean age was 76.3±3.6, and 18.5% had diabetes mellitus. Participants with IFG alone and IGT plus IFG had higher IGF-I levels and lower IGFBP-1 levels than those with normoglycemia or diabetes mellitus. The greatest percentage change in IGF levels occurred in those who had diabetes mellitus at baseline (9-year changes: -9.3% for IGF-I, 59.7% for IGFBP-1, -13.4% for IGFBP-3), the smallest in individuals who remained normoglycemic at follow-up (9-year changes: -3.7% for IGF-I, 25.6% for IGFBP-1, -6.4% for IGFBP-3), and intermediate in those who were normoglycemic but developed IFG at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Degrees of glycemic impairment are associated with varying degrees of change in IGF protein levels. The changes observed in the diabetes mellitus group have been previously shown to be associated with heart failure, cancer, and noncancer mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Chino S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Aneke-Nash
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Parrinello
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.|Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Swapnil N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rajpathak
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Rohan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Elsa S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Strotmeyer
authors.affiliation: Sticht Center on Aging, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kritchevsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Psaty
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bůžková
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Public Health, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jorge R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kizer
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Strickler
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood*; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: diabetes mellitus; glycemic status; insulin-like growth factor