title: GCKR polymorphism influences liver fat content in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has recently been shown that an allele in the glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) gene was associated with increased liver fat content in obese children. In this study, we set out to determine whether GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism was associated with liver fat content in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and eight patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Liver fat content was evaluated using 1H-MR spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our population, carriers of the rs1260326 minor T allele had a higher liver fat content than did carriers of the C allele homozygote (12.4 ± 9.6 vs. 10.3 ± 9.1 %, p = 0.03). The number of patients with steatosis was significantly higher in minor T allele carriers than in C allele homozygote carriers (70.7 vs. 55.4 %; p = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, the predictive variables for steatosis were BMI [odds ratio (OR) 1.08; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.13; p = 0.002], statin therapy (yes) [OR 0.54; 95 % CI 0.31-0.94; p = 0.03], metformin therapy (yes) [OR 2.67; 95 % CI 1.50-4.75; p < 0.001], and rs1260326 GCKR polymorphism (TT+CT) [OR 1.99; 95 % CI 1.14-3.47; p = 0.01].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that in patients with type 2 diabetes who were not selected for liver abnormalities, liver fat content was related to GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism independent of BMI, triglyceride levels, and age.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, Université de Bourgogne, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France. jean-michel.petit@chu-dijon.fr.|Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France. jean-michel.petit@chu-dijon.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, Université de Bourgogne, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, Université de Bourgogne, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.|de radiologie, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guiu
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, Université de Bourgogne, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rollot
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, Université de Bourgogne, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duvillard
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, Université de Bourgogne, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.|Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouillet
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, Université de Bourgogne, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.|Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Brindisi
authors.affiliation: Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Perrine
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buffier
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, Université de Bourgogne, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.|d'hépatologie, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hillon
authors.affiliation: de radiologie, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cercueil
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche INSERM Unité 866, Université de Bourgogne, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.|Services de diabétologie et endocrinologie, CHU du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Verges
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C485100:GCKR protein, human
keywords: 1H-MR spectroscopy; GCKR; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Steatosis; Type 2 diabetes