title: Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition in Hyperuricemic Heart Failure Patients: The Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition for Hyperuricemic Heart Failure Patients (EXACT-HF) Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress may contribute to heart failure (HF) progression. Inhibiting xanthine oxidase in hyperuricemic HF patients may improve outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We randomly assigned 253 patients with symptomatic HF, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, and serum uric acid levels ≥9.5 mg/dL to receive allopurinol (target dose, 600 mg daily) or placebo in a double-blind, multicenter trial. The primary composite end point at 24 weeks was based on survival, worsening HF, and patient global assessment. Secondary end points included change in quality of life, submaximal exercise capacity, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Uric acid levels were significantly reduced with allopurinol in comparison with placebo (treatment difference, -4.2 [-4.9, -3.5] mg/dL and -3.5 [-4.2, -2.7] mg/dL at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively, both P<0.0001). At 24 weeks, there was no significant difference in clinical status between the allopurinol- and placebo-treated patients (worsened 45% versus 46%, unchanged 42% versus 34%, improved 13% versus 19%, respectively; P=0.68). At 12 and 24 weeks, there was no significant difference in change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores or 6-minute walk distances between the 2 groups. At 24 weeks, left ventricular ejection fraction did not change in either group or between groups. Rash occurred more frequently with allopurinol (10% versus 2%, P=0.01), but there was no difference in serious adverse event rates between the groups (20% versus 15%, P=0.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In high-risk HF patients with reduced ejection fraction and elevated uric acid levels, xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol failed to improve clinical status, exercise capacity, quality of life, or left ventricular ejection fraction at 24 weeks.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00987415.
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.). mgivertz@partners.org.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Givertz
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Anstrom
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Redfield
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deswal
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Haissam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: W H Wilson
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: LeWinter
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: G Michael
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Felker
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Elizabeth O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Ofili
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Mitchell T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Saltzberg
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Kenneth B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Margulies
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Cappola
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Marvin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Konstam
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Semigran
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McNulty
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Kerry L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Monica R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.M.G.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (K.J.A., G.M.F., C.M.O., S.E.M., K.L.L., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (A.D.); Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (H.H.); Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.B.); Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.); MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.E.D.); University of Vermont, Burlington (M.M.L.); Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G.); Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (E.O.O.); Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE (M.T.S.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.B.M., T.P.C.); Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.A.K.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S.); and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.R.S.).
authors.forename: Adrian F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000188:drug therapy; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011788:Quality of Life; D013318:Stroke Volume; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004232:Diuretics; D006074:Gout Suppressants; D000493:Allopurinol; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
keywords: allopurinol; clinical trial; heart failure; xanthine oxidase