title: [Analyses of 77 patients with hemophagocytic syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the clinical features and laboratory data of 77 patients with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 77 patients of HPS were continuously collected from 2007 to 2014 at our hospital. Their underlying diseases, clinical features, laboratory data, therapy and prognosis were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Their The patients aged from 3 months to 85 years. The gender ratio was roughly equal. Primary HPS was diagnosed in only 5 cases by gene detection Another 72 cases belonged to secondary HPS. The causes were infection (n = 28), hematologic neoplasm (n = 25), autoimmune diseases (AID, n = 11) and unknown (n = 8). HPS was the initial symptom in nearly half cases of hematologic neoplasm and AID. HPS was characterized by high fever (100%), hypersplenomegaly (81.8%) and lymphadenopathy (40.3%). Laboratory data showed cytopenia (94.8%), serum ferritin elevation (93.2%), hypofibrinogenemia (61.8%), hemophagocytosis in bone marrow (78.1%) and hypertriglyceridemia (55.3%). Low NK-cell activity (95.2%) and elevation of sCD25 (100%) were specific manifestations in HPS. Pulmonary infection (36.4%) and hepatic malfunction (33.3%) were common. Approximately 70% were treated with HLH-2004. Pulse-dose corticosteroid therapy (methylprdnisolone 200-500 mg/d) was used in 8 AID patients. And 14 patients died and 10 withdrew treatment because of exacerbation. Five had complications of DIC and another 5 progressed into MODS. Neoplasm (52.0%) had the highest mortality in secondary HPS. And infection (25.0%) and AID (18.2%) followed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sometimes HPS occurs simultaneously with autoimmune disease or neoplasm. Relevant laboratory tests for suspected patients may aid an early diagnosis. Presence of DIC or MODS in HPS is possibly correlated with a poor prognosis and a high mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Yanying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Shuhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Liling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Yuebo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Aichun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Xuewu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Email: zgli99@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Zhanguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases; D001853:Bone Marrow; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; D011379:Prognosis