title: Tibor Gánti and Robert Rosen: Contrasting approaches to the same problem.
abstract: Of the various theories of life that appeared in the second half of the 20th century the chemoton of Tibor Gánti and the (M,R)-systems of Robert Rosen are among the most important, of which the former is rooted in chemical engineering and the latter is highly abstract. Despite apparent differences, in part due to very different ways of presenting them, these two approaches share some important characteristics: both are "closed to efficient causation", which means that they require nothing from their environment, and in particular not catalysts, apart from "food", or chemical species that allow for the production of energy. On the other hand Rosen insisted that a living organism cannot be regarded as a machine, whereas Gánti explicitly discussed its mechanical nature, and the enclosing boundary is explicitly created by the system itself in the chemoton, but is (at best) simply implicit in (M,R)-systems.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, 31 chemin Joseph-Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France. Electronic address: acornish@imm.cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: Athel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cornish-Bowden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001671:Biochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D000069497:Origin of Life; D049490:Systems Biology / Q000379:methods
keywords: (MR)-systems; Chemoton; Theories of life