title: Psychosocial interventions for disruptive behavioural problems in children living in low- and middle-income countries: study protocol of a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) are among the most common forms of child psychopathology and have serious long-term academic, social, and mental health consequences worldwide. Psychosocial treatments are the first line of evidence-based treatments for DBDs, yet their effectiveness often varies according to patient sociodemographic characteristics, practice setting, and implementation procedures. While a large majority of the world's children live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), most studies have evaluated psychosocial treatments for DBDs in high-income Anglo countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary objective of this systematic review is to assess the effects of psychosocial treatments for DBDs in children and adolescents (under age 18) diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, or other disruptive behavioural problems living in LMIC. The secondary objectives are to: (1) describe the range and types of psychosocial treatments used to address DBDs in LMIC and (2) identify key dissemination and implementation factors (adaptation processes, training/supervision processes, and financial costs). All controlled trials comparing psychosocial treatments versus waiting list, no treatment, or treatment as usual in children living in LMIC will be included. Studies will be identified using the methods outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines without restrictions on language, publication type, status, or date of publication. The primary outcome measures will be disruptive behavioural problems (eg, oppositionality, defiance, aggression or deceit). Secondary outcomes will be positive mental health outcomes (eg, prosocial behaviour), function impairment, institutionalisation (or hospitalisation), academic outcomes and caregiver outcomes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study uses data from published studies; therefore ethical review is not required. Findings will be presented in a published manuscript.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PROSPERO CRD42014015334.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Burkey
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosein
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Section of Psychiatry, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Purgato
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-5952
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adi
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-4820
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kohrt
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Wietse A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2216-0526
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Tol
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000628:therapy; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D000066553:Problem Behavior; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012107:Research Design; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic
keywords: MENTAL HEALTH; PUBLIC HEALTH