title: Multi-color quantum dot-based fluorescence immunoassay array for simultaneous visual detection of multiple antibiotic residues in milk.
abstract: Antibiotic residues, which are among the most common contaminants in animal-based food products such as milk, have become a significant public health concern. Here, we combine a multicolor quantum dot (QD)-based immunofluorescence assay and an array analysis method to achieve simultaneous, sensitive and visual detection of streptomycin (SM), tetracycline (TC), and penicillin G (PC-G) in milk. Antibodies (Abs) for SM, TC and PC-G were conjugated to QDs with different emission wavelengths (QD 520 nm, QD 565 nm and QD 610 nm) to serve as detection probes (QD-Ab). Then a direct competitive fluorescent immunoassay was performed in antigen-coated microtiter plate wells for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of SM, TC, and PC-G residues, based on fluorescence of the QD-Ab probes. The linear ranges for SM, TC and PC-G were 0.01-25 ng/mL, 0.01-25 ng/mL and 0.01-10 ng/mL, respectively, with detection limit of 5 pg/mL for each of them. Based on fluorescence of the QD-Ab probes, residues of the three antibiotics were determined visually and simultaneously. Compared with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, our method could achieve simultaneous analysis of multiple target antibiotics in multiple samples in a single run (high-throughput analysis) and improved accuracy and sensitivity for analysis of residues of the three antibiotics in authentic milk samples. This new analytical tool can play an important role in ameliorating the negative impact of the residual antibiotics on human health and the ecosystem.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: eqsong@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Erqun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengqun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Swihart
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D010406:Penicillins / Q000032:analysis; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry*; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000032:analysis; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D010406:Penicillins; D013752:Tetracycline; D013307:Streptomycin
keywords: Antibiotics; Array; Fluorescence immunoassay; Multicolor; Quantum dot; Residues