title: Methanolic Extract of Ficus carica Linn. Leaves Exerts Antiangiogenesis Effects Based on the Rat Air Pouch Model of Inflammation.
abstract: The antiangiogenesis effect of Ficus carica leaves extract in an air pouch model of inflammation was investigated in rat. Inflammation was induced by injection of carrageenan into pouches. After antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content (TPC) investigations, the extract was administered at 5, 25, and 50 mg/pouch, and then the volume of exudates, the cell number, TNFα, PGE2, and VEGF levels were measured. Angiogenesis of granulation tissues was determined by measuring hemoglobin content. Based on the DPPH assay, the extract had significant antioxidant activity with TPC of 11.70 mg GAE/100 g dry sample. In addition, leukocyte accumulation and volume of exudate were significantly inhibited by the extract. Moreover, it significantly decreased the production of TNFα, PGE2, and VEGF, while angiogenesis was significantly inhibited by all administered doses. Interestingly, attenuation of angiogenesis and inflammatory parameters (except leukocyte accumulation) by the extract was similar to that shown by diclofenac. The extract has anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorated cell influx and exudation to the site of the inflammatory response which may be related to the local inhibition of TNFα, PGE2, and VEGF levels as similarly shown by diclofenac. The antiangiogenesis and anti-VEGF effects of Ficus carica may be correlated with its significant antioxidant potentials.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166414766, Iran ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166414766, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eteraf-Oskouei
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166414766, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allahyari
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166414766, Iran.
authors.forename: Arezu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbarzadeh-Atashkhosrow
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166414766, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delazar
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166414766, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdiyeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pashaii
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siew Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166414766, Iran.
authors.forename: Moslem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Najafi