title: Enabling Rapid and Specific Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Immunoassay Using Nanoscaled Surface Shear Forces.
abstract: A rapid and simple approach is presented to address two critical issues of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassay such as removal/avoiding nonspecific adsorption and reducing assay time. The approach demonstrated involves rationally designed fluorophore-integrated gold/silver nanoshells as SERS nanotags and utilizes alternative current electrohydrodynamic (ac-EHD)-induced nanoscaled surface shear forces to enhance the capture kinetics. The assay performance was validated in comparison with hydrodynamic flow and conventional immunoassay-based devices. These nanoscaled physical forces acting within nanometer distances from the electrode surface enabled rapid (40 min), sensitive (10 fg/mL), and highly specific detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in breast cancer patient samples. We believe this approach presents potential for the development of rapid and sensitive SERS immunoassays for routine clinical diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: †Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Yuling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Ramanathan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaidyanathan
authors.affiliation: †Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Muhammad J A
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shiddiky
authors.affiliation: †Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trau
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D007118:Immunoassay; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D012834:Silver; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: SERS; ac-EHD; immunoassay; nonspecific adsorption; shear force