title: Carbonaceous composition changes of heavy-duty diesel engine particles in relation to biodiesels, aftertreatments and engine loads.
abstract: Three biodiesels and two aftertreatments were tested on a heavy-duty diesel engine under the US FTP transient cycle and additional four steady engine loads. The objective was to examine their effects on the gaseous and particulate emissions, with emphasis given to the organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) in the total particulate matter. Negligible differences were observed between the low-sulfur (B1S50) and ultralow-sulfur (B1S10) biodiesels, whereas small reductions of OC were identified with the 10% biodiesel blend (B10). The use of diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC1) showed moderate reductions of EC and particularly OC, resulting in the OC/EC ratio well below unity. The use of DOC plus diesel particulate filter (DOC2+DPF) yielded substantial reductions of OC and particularly EC, resulting in the OC/EC ratio well above unity. The OC/EC ratios were substantially above unity at idle and low load, whereas below unity at medium and high load. The above changes in particulate OC and EC are discussed with respect to the fuel content, pollutant removal mechanisms and engine combustion conditions. Overall, the present study shows that the carbonaceous composition of PM could change drastically with engine load and aftertreatments, and to a lesser extent with the biodiesels under study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40254, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Man-Ting
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40254, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. Electronic address: lhy@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Li-Hao
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifeng E. Road, Wufeng District, Taichung 41349, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsi-Hsien
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 60, Sec. 1, Erren Rd., Rende District, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cheng Shiu University, 840, Chengcing Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lin-Chi
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40254, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jau-Huai
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Fuel Quality and Engine Performance Research, Refining and Manufacturing Research Institute, Chinese Petroleum Corporation, 217, Minsheng S. Road, West District, Chiayi 60051, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Bang
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution; D056804:Biofuels; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005740:Gases; D005742:Gasoline; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013455:Sulfur / Q000737:chemistry; D019415:Torque; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D056804:Biofuels; D005740:Gases; D005742:Gasoline; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D013455:Sulfur; D002244:Carbon; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Control technology; Diesel engine particles; Elemental carbon; Heavy-duty diesel engine; Organic carbon