title: High intrinsic aerobic capacity and pomegranate juice are protective against macrophage atherogenecity: studies in high- vs. low-capacity runner (HCR vs. LCR) rats.
abstract: We studied the rat model system of high- vs. low-capacity runner (HCR vs. LCR) rats to question the atherogenic properties (oxidative stress, triglycerides and cholesterol metabolism) in the rat macrophages, serum, liver and heart. Half of the LCR or HCR rats consumed pomegranate juice (PJ; 15 μmol of gallic acid equivalents/rat/day) for 3 weeks and were compared to placebo-treated rats. At the end of the study blood samples, peritoneal macrophages (RPM), livers, and hearts were harvested from the rats. RPM harvested from HCR vs. LCR demonstrated reduced cellular oxidation (21%), increased paraoxonase 2 activity (28%) and decreased triglycerides mass (44%). Macrophage uptake rates of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or oxidized LDL were significantly lower, by 37% or by 18%, respectively, in HCR vs. LCR RPM. PJ consumption significantly decreased all the above atherogenic parameters with more substantial beneficial effects observed in the LCR vs. the HCR rats (~80% vs. ~40% improvement, respectively). Similar hypo-triglyceridemic pattern was noted in serum from HCR vs. LCR. In contrast to the above results, liver oxidation and triglycerides mass were both minimally increased in HCR vs. LCR rats by 31% and 28%, respectively. In the heart, lipid content was very low, and interestingly, an absence of any significant oxidative stress, along with modest triglyceride accumulation, was observed. We conclude that HCR vs. LCR rats demonstrate reduced atherogenicity, mostly in their macrophages. PJ exerts a further improvement, mostly in macrophages from LCR rats.
authors.affiliation: The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenblat
authors.affiliation: The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Volkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Zaid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: aviram@tx.technion.ac.il.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aviram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001628:Beverages; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D029561:Lythraceae; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D012420:Running; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein
keywords: HCR rats; Heart; LCR rats; Liver; Oxidative stress; Pomegranate juice; Rat peritoneal macrophages