title: Common rather than unique aspects of repetitive negative thinking are related to depressive and anxiety disorders and symptoms.
abstract: Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) is assumed to be a transdiagnostic factor in depressive and anxiety disorders. We hypothesized that an underlying common dimension of RNT will be more strongly associated with each of the anxiety and depressive disorders, with comorbidity among disorders and with symptom severity than unique aspects of rumination and worry. In a cross-sectional study, 2143 adults diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria completed questionnaires for content-independent RNT, rumination and worry. 84% of the shared variance of worry and rumination overlapped with content-independent RNT. The common dimension of RNT was significantly associated with each of the depressive and anxiety disorders, comorbidity among emotional disorders and the common core of depressive, anxiety and avoidance symptoms. The unique portion of rumination showed a significant relationship with Major Depressive Disorder and depressive comorbidity and the unique portion of worry with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. These findings are particularly relevant for clinical practice as generic interventions to reduce RNT are currently being tested.
authors.affiliation: Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: spinhoven@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spinhoven
authors.affiliation: Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: JDrost@leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Jolijn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drost
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.m.van_hemert@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Hemert
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; VU University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: B.Penninx@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Brenda W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Penninx
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009341:Negativism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013850:Thinking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Repetitive negative thinking; Rumination; Symptom severity; Worry