title: Emerging therapies: angiogenesis inhibitors for ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have a high rate of recurrence, and overall survival remains at ∼ 25%. There is a need for new treatments that can increase progression free survival and quality of life. Recent clinical trials focus on angiogenesis, VEGFs, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors that play a role in recurrence, metastasis, and ascites in EOC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review summarizes clinical rationale, mechanisms of action, and clinical data for angiogenesis inhibitors under evaluation in Phase II and III trials for EOC. Anti-angiogenesis agents reviewed in this paper include aflibercept, bevacizumab, cediranib, fosbretabulin, imatinib, nintedanib, pazopanib, saracatinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and trebananib.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These agents have particular rationale for potential use in EOC due to the molecular changes associated with EOC tumorigenesis, namely a significant increase in angiogenic activity. Due to the costs and toxicities associated with anti-angiogenics, biomarker or molecular signature selection strategy for patients who will most benefit would be ideal but no such strategy has been validated to date.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology , 222 Piedmont Ave, Suite 4100, Cincinnati, OH 45219 , USA.
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Eisenhauer
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Herzog
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015195:Drug Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: VEGF; angiogenesis; bevacizumab; fallopian tube cancer; ovarian cancer; primary peritoneal cancer; tyrosine kinase inhibitors