title: Cross-cultural adaptation of the spinal cord lesion-related coping strategies questionnaire for use in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined the validity and reliability of the Iranian version of the spinal cord lesion-related coping strategies questionnaire (SCL CSQ-I) in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with SCI (n=220) were recruited into the study. A standard forward-backward translation procedure was used to translate the SCL CSQ from English into Persian. Participants also completed the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III), Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), and SCL CSQ-I. Psychometric properties examined were internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and construct validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach alphas for the SCL CSQ-I subscales ranged from 0.68 to 0.89, indicating acceptable internal reliability, and intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.74 to 0.89, indicating good test-retest reliability. The SCL CSQ-I subscales significantly correlated with scores on the SF-12, HADS, SCIM III and CIQ, indicating solid convergent validity. Each item of the SCL CSQ-I within a hypothesized dimension correlated strongly with the total score for that dimension. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified a three-factor model. The SCL CSQ-I subscales correlated significantly with clinical and socio-demographic characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Iranian version of the SCL CSQ is a reliable and valid tool for measuring coping strategies in persons with SCI.
authors.affiliation: Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health Education Department, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saffari
authors.affiliation: Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Electronic address: Pakpour_Amir@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pakpour
authors.affiliation: Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaghobidoot
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Faten
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al Zaben
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Harold G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Koenige
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Psychological adaptation; Scale validation; Spinal cord injuries