title: Is vitamin D deficiency related to accumulation of advanced glycation end products, markers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic subjects?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In diabetes accumulated advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in the striking cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. We asked whether a hypovitaminosis D associates with an increased formation and toxicity of AGEs in diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 276 diabetics (160 M/116 F, age: 65.0 ± 13.4; 43 type 1,T1DM, and 233 type 2 patients, T2DM) and 121 nondiabetic controls (60 M/61 F; age: 58.6 ± 15.5 years) routine biochemistry, levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-(OH)D), skin autofluorescence (SAF), plasma AGE-associated fluorescence (AGE-FL), N (ε) -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE), soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 (sVAP-1), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and renal function (eGFR) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the diabetics SAF and AGE-Fl were higher than those of the controls and correlated with age, duration of diabetes, and degree of renal impairment. In T2DM patients but not in T1DM the age-dependent rise of SAF directly correlated with hs-CRP and sVAP-1. 25-(OH)D levels in diabetics and nondiabetics were lowered to a similar degree averaging 22.5 ng/mL. No relationship between 25-(OH)D and studied markers except for sVAP-1 was observed in the diabetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In diabetics hypovitaminosis D does not augment accumulation of AGEs and studied markers of microinflammation and oxidative stress except for sVAP-1.
authors.affiliation: Comenius University Medical Faculty, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9641-9265
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Šebeková
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stürmer
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fazeli
authors.affiliation: KfH Nierenzentrum Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bahner
authors.affiliation: Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stäb
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany ; KfH Nierenzentrum Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein