title: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Japanese version of the new Knee Society Scoring System for osteoarthritic knee with total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purposes of this study were to translate the new Knee Society Score (KSS) into Japanese and to evaluate the construct and content validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the Japanese version of the new KSS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Japanese version of the KSS was developed according to cross-cultural guidelines by using the "translation-back translation" method to ensure content validity. KSS data were then obtained from patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The psychometric properties evaluated were as follows: for feasibility, response rate, and floor and ceiling effects; for construct validity, internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, and correlations with quality of life. Construct validity was evaluated by using Spearman's correlation coefficient to quantify the correlation between the KSS and the Japanese version of the Oxford 12-item Knee Score or Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Japanese version of the KSS was sent to 93 consecutive osteoarthritic patients who underwent primary TKA in our institution. Fifty-five patients completed the questionnaires and were included in this study. Neither a floor nor ceiling effect was observed. The reliability proved excellent in the majority of domains, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.65-0.88. Internal consistency, assessed by Cronbach's alpha, was good to excellent for all domains (0.78-0.94). All of the four domains of the KSS correlated significantly with the Oxford 12-item Knee Score. The activity and satisfaction domains of the KSS correlated significantly with all and the majority of subscales of the SF-36, respectively, whereas symptoms and expectation domains showed significant correlations only with bodily pain and vitality subscales and with the physical function, bodily pain, and vitality subscales, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Japanese version of the new KSS is a valid, reliable, and responsive instrument to capture subjective aspects of the functional symptoms and abilities of patients who undergo TKA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopadeic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopadeic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopadeic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.|Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Moritoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopadeic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.|Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopadeic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azukizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopadeic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopadeic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopadeic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. smat522@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012955:Societies, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating