title: Standardized Outcome Measurement for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Consensus From the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes consistently improve when they are routinely measured and provided back to physicians and hospitals. However, few centers around the world systematically track outcomes, and no global standards exist. Furthermore, patient-centered outcomes and longitudinal outcomes are under-represented in current assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nonprofit International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international Working Group to define a consensus standard set of outcome measures and risk factors for tracking, comparing, and improving the outcomes of CAD care. Members were drawn from 4 continents and 6 countries. Using a modified Delphi method, the ICHOM Working Group defined who should be tracked, what should be measured, and when such measurements should be performed. The ICHOM CAD consensus measures were designed to be relevant for all patients diagnosed with CAD, including those with acute myocardial infarction, angina, and asymptomatic CAD. Thirteen specific outcomes were chosen, including acute complications occurring within 30 days of acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, or percutaneous coronary intervention; and longitudinal outcomes for up to 5 years for patient-reported health status (Seattle Angina Questionnaire [SAQ-7], elements of Rose Dyspnea Score, and Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-2]), cardiovascular hospital admissions, cardiovascular procedures, renal failure, and mortality. Baseline demographic, cardiovascular disease, and comorbidity information is included to improve the interpretability of comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICHOM recommends that this set of outcomes and other patient information be measured for all patients with CAD.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (R.L.M.N., E.S.S.) American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (R.L.M.N., L.M., L.S., M.S.).
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (R.L.M.N., E.S.S.) International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Cambridge, MA (E.S.S., T.A.K., C.J.S.).
authors.forename: Erica S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Spatz
authors.affiliation: International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Cambridge, MA (E.S.S., T.A.K., C.J.S.).
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.affiliation: International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Cambridge, MA (E.S.S., T.A.K., C.J.S.).
authors.forename: Caleb J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Stowell
authors.affiliation: University of Adelaide, Australia (J.B.) Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia (J.B.).
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beltrame
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, CA (P.H.).
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heidenreich
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Catalonia, Spain (R.T., A.R.R.).
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tresserras
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (T.J.).
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jernberg
authors.affiliation: National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore (T.C.).
authors.forename: Terrance
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (R.L.M.N., L.M., L.S., M.S.).
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Fortis Healthcare, Gurgaon, India (B.P.).
authors.forename: Bishnu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Panigrahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Catalonia, Spain (R.T., A.R.R.).
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosas Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Veteran's Health Administration, Washington, DC (J.S.R.).
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rumsfeld
authors.affiliation: American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (R.L.M.N., L.M., L.S., M.S.).
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sadwin
authors.affiliation: American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (R.L.M.N., L.M., L.S., M.S.).
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schoeberl
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.S., R.Y.) Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.S., R.Y.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shahian
authors.affiliation: Swansea University, United Kingdom (C.W.).
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.S., R.Y.) Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.S., R.Y.).
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (J.L.).
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: coronary artery disease; outcomes; patient‐centered