title: Endoscopic binostril versus transnasal transseptal microscopic pituitary surgery: Sinonasal quality of life and olfactory function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been few comparative studies on olfactory function and sinonasal-specific quality of life (QOL) after endoscopic or microscopic surgery using a transsphenoidal approach (TSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was performed. Thirty-five patients who underwent a transnasal endoscopic approach and 20 patients who underwent a transnasal transseptal microscopic approach for treatment of pituitary adenoma were evaluated. An anterior skull base (ASK) nasal inventory and a subjective visual analog scale (VAS) (0-100) for olfaction were evaluated before and at one and three months after surgery. A cross-cultural smell identification test (CC-SIT) and a butanol threshold test (BTT) were also measured before and three months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in subjective olfaction or CC-SIT or BTT score between the endoscopic and microscopic groups. The microscopic group (11.35 ± 3.67 and 9.72 ± 2.54, respectively) showed better ASK nasal inventory outcomes at one and three months after surgery compared with the endoscopic group (14.00 ± 4.85 and 11.70 ± 3.28, respectively; p = 0.029 and 0.036, respectively) especially in the subdomains of "nasal crusting" and "urge to blow nose."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transnasal transseptal microscopic pituitary surgery confers a better early postoperative sinonasal QOL with a comparable olfactory outcome compared with the endoscopic approach. Although many believe that an endoscopic approach is less invasive, preservation of the sinonasal mucosa proves to be more important in terms of sinonasal QOL than use of an endoscope or microscope.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Duk
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Do Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Ho Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Seol
authors.forename: Na Yeon
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyo Yeol
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hun Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dhong
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome