title: Resonance Frequency Analysis of Sinus Augmentation by Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation and Lateral Window Technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) to quantitatively compare the stability of implants placed in the atrophic posterior maxilla using 3 sinus augmentation techniques: osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) and 1- and 2-step lateral window techniques (LWTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were retrospectively collected from 50 patients, 29 to 85 years old. One hundred twenty-eight implants were subdivided based on sinus augmentation technique as determined by available native bone height. Thirty-three implants were placed using OSFE in at least 8.0 mm of bone. Forty-four implants were synchronously placed using 1-step LWT in 3.0 to 7.9 mm of bone. In cases with less than 3.0 mm of bone, the 2-step LWT was performed and the remaining 51 implants were placed after a period of healing. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) was recorded from RFA at stage 1 and subsequently at stage 2 (follow-up) 3 to 12 months later. Statistical analysis was completed using t test and analysis of variance to assess differences in implant stability over time and among techniques, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ISQ values at placement averaged 70.9, 68.9, and 72.2 for OSFE, LWT, and LWT with delayed placement, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (P = .2). At stage 2 (follow-up), average ISQ values were 76.7, 77.7, and 78.7 for OSFE, LWT, and LWT with delayed placement, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (P = .3). In contrast, differences in ISQ at stage 2 (follow-up) versus stage 1 were statistically significant for all 3 techniques (P < .01). OSFE, 1-step LWT, and 2-step LWT yielded average increases in ISQ of 5.8, 8.8, and 6.5, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the use of OSFE, 1-step LWT, and 2-step LWT to augment bone in the atrophic edentulous posterior maxilla. All 3 methods provide predictable osseointegration and yield statistical increases in ISQ at stage 2 (follow-up) compared with time of placement. With appropriate case selection according to native vertical bone height, there are no statistical differences in ISQ among these 3 techniques at either stage.
authors.affiliation: Dental Student, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Sarav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Dental Student, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Dental Student, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiffler
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aghaloo
authors.affiliation: Nobel Biocare Endowed Chair, Surgical Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.affiliation: Assistant Clinical Professor, Dental Implant Center, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. Electronic address: jpianfruns@dentistry.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pi-Anfruns
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*