title: Vitamin E intake from natural sources and head and neck cancer risk: a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence for the possible effect of vitamin E on head and neck cancers (HNCs) is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used individual-level pooled data from 10 case-control studies (5959 cases and 12 248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium to assess the association between vitamin E intake from natural sources and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models applied to quintile categories of non-alcohol energy-adjusted vitamin E intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intake of vitamin E was inversely related to oral/pharyngeal cancer (OR for the fifth vs the first quintile category=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.71; P for trend <0.001) and to laryngeal cancer (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.54-0.83, P for trend <0.001). There was, however, appreciable heterogeneity of the estimated effect across studies for oral/pharyngeal cancer. Inverse associations were generally observed for the anatomical subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancer and within covariate strata for both sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that greater vitamin E intake from foods may lower HNC risk, although we were not able to explain the heterogeneity observed across studies or rule out certain sources of bias.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia 'G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Edefonti
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashibe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe, 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parpinel
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia 'G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferraroni
authors.affiliation: S. C. Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turati
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Olshan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zevallos
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9764, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moysich
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, 71-225 CHS, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
authors.forename: Z-F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, G-E5, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Talbot 4W, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McClean
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via G. La Masa, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, 310 E 14th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schantz
authors.affiliation: Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Peking, China.
authors.forename: G-P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: A Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia 'G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia 'G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy [2] S. C. Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Decarli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E