title: Fatal West Nile Virus Encephalitis in a Heart Transplant Recipient.
abstract: The diagnosis of encephalitis is particularly challenging in immunocompromised patients. We report here a case of fatal West Nile virus encephalitis confounded by the presence of budding yeast in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a patient who had undergone heart transplantation for dilated cardiomyopathy 11 months prior to presentation of neurologic symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Waggoner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Indre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Budvytiene
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Niaz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Banaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA bpinsky@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Pinsky
mesh_terms: D020314:Central Nervous System Fungal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000302:isolation & purification; D066027:Transplant Recipients; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult