title: The Effect of GHR/exon-3 Polymorphism and Serum GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 Levels in Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the effects of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and GH-receptor (GHR)/exon-3 polymorphism on diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients with CHD, 90 patients with DM and 96 controls were included in this study. The GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 serum levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GHR/exon-3 variants were determined by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of all alleles and genotypes in all study groups were distributed according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In addition, any association between GHR/exon-3 variants and the presence of risk factors were detected. The blood levels of GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were not distributed according to GHR/exon-3 variants. However, in the DM group, higher levels of IGF-1 and lower levels of GH and IGFBP-3, and in CHD group lower levels of IGF-1, GH and IGFBP-3 were observed. The order of GH levels were DM<CHD< Controls; IGF-1 levels were CHD<Controls<DM and IGFBP-3 levels were CHD<DM<Controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No direct effect of GHR/exon-3 polymorphism was observed in DM or CHD patients. However GH, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and insulin were thought to act together to establish body homeostasis in patients with DM and CHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey ozlem.kh@gmail.com ozlemkh@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kucukhuseyin
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toptas
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Timirci-Kahraman
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isbir
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kubilay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karsidag
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isbir
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone
keywords: Coronary heart disease; GH; GHR; IGF-1; IGFBP-3; diabetes mellitus; polymorphism