title: [Clinical development of the automatic implantable defibrillator over 35 years: A success story].
abstract: After 12 years of development and experimental evaluation, the first automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was implanted in man on February 4, 1980. This overview describes the technical and functional developments over 35 years from a simple shock-box, weighing 292 g, to the sophisticated 80 g device of today, delivering graded therapy to sustained ventricular arrhythmias and biventricular stimulation to treat heart failure. Finally, a special tribute is given to Michel Mirowski, one of the inventors of the ICD, as scientist and physician dedicated to patient care.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Kardiologie am Klinikum Starnberg, Oßwaldstr. 1, 82319, Starnberg, Deutschland, g.steinbeck@kardiozentrum-starnberg.de.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steinbeck
mesh_terms: D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000639:trends*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008904:Miniaturization; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*