title: Morphological Aspect and iNOS and Bax Expression Modification in Bone Tissue Around Dental Implants Positioned Using Piezoelectric Bone Surgery Versus Conventional Drill Technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this work is to evaluate differences occurring in bone tissue around dental implants positioned using piezoelectric or conventional drill technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four implants were inserted bilaterally in the iliac crest of 6 sheep after site preparation through a piezoelectric instrument (Test) or after site preparation through conventional drill technique with rotary instruments (Control). Animals were randomly divided to be euthanized at 15 and 30 days post-intervention (p.i.); peri-implant bone samples were withdrawn and processed for histological analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation of iNOS and Bax expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Active remodeling phenomena in both Test and Control samples are showed at 15 days p.i., while at 30 days p.i., the overall organization of the peri-implant bone resembles native bone tissue. Immunohistochemical evaluation reveals a statistically significant increase of both iNOS and Bax expression at 15 days p.i. compared to samples obtained 30 days p.i. and to native bone. At both healing times, a higher but not statistically significant iNOS and Bax expression is recorded in samples from Control compared to Test Group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even if the insertion protocol does not seem to significantly interfere with the long-term healing process, implant site preparation through the piezoelectric bone surgery technique may allow a reduction of peri-implant bone tissue inflammation and support a more rapid bone tissue healing phase.
authors.affiliation: *Departments of Pharmacy †Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo Luca
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Zizzari
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Congedi
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tumedei
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cataldi
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perfetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000473:pathology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D003762:Dental Instruments; D023421:Models, Animal; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000032:analysis*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D059745:Piezosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012756:Sheep; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II