title: Comparison of microwave, ultrasound and accelerated-assisted solvent extraction for recovery of polyphenols from Citrus sinensis peels.
abstract: Peel of Citrus sinensis contains significant amounts of bioactive polyphenols that could be used as ingredients for a number of value-added products with health benefits. Extraction of polyphenols from the peels was performed using a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique. The effects of aqueous acetone concentration, microwave power, extraction time and solvent-to-solid ratio on the total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA) (using DPPH and ORAC-values) and individual phenolic acids (IPA) were investigated using a response surface method. The TPC, TAA and IPA of peel extracts using MAE was compared with conventional, ultrasound-assisted and accelerated solvent extraction. The maximum predicted TPC under the optimal MAE conditions (51% acetone concentration in water (v/v), 500 W microwave power, 122 s extraction time and 25 mL g(-1) solvent to solid ratio), was 12.20 mg GAE g(-1) DW. The TPC and TAA in MAE extracts were higher than the other three extracts.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States. Electronic address: balunkeswar.nayak@maine.edu.
authors.forename: Balunkeswar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria; Laboratoire Biomathématiques Biophysique Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria. Electronic address: farid.dahmoune@univ-bejaia.dz.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dahmoune
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biomathématiques Biophysique Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria. Electronic address: moussi_kamal2012@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moussi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biomathématiques Biophysique Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria. Electronic address: hocine.remini@univ-bejaia.dz.
authors.forename: Hocine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Remini
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biomathématiques Biophysique Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria. Electronic address: sofiane.dairi@univ-bejaia.dz.
authors.forename: Sofiane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dairi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biomathématiques Biophysique Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria; Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Khemis Miliana, 44225 Khemis Miliana, Algeria. Electronic address: omar.aoun@univ-bejaia.fr.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aoun
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biomathématiques Biophysique Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria. Electronic address: khodir.madani@univ-bejaia.dz.
authors.forename: Madani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khodir
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Accelerated solvent extraction; Antioxidant activity; Citrus sinensis; Microwave extraction; Phenolic compounds; Response surface method; Ultrasound extraction