title: The use of saliva as a practical and feasible alternative to urine in large-scale screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection increases inclusion and detection rates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although urine is considered the gold-standard material for the detection of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, it can be difficult to obtain in newborns. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of detection of congenital CMV infection in saliva and urine samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand newborns were included in the study. Congenital cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Saliva samples were obtained from all the newborns, whereas urine collection was successful in only 333 cases. There was no statistically significant difference between the use of saliva alone or saliva and urine collected simultaneously for the detection of CMV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saliva samples can be used in large-scale neonatal screening for CMV infection.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emanuelle Santos de Carvalho
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Laís Santos de
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano Gama da Silva
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Mara Bispo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Rocha
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gadelha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lauro Juliano
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Marin
mesh_terms: D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral