title: The genetics of the dystonias--a review based on the new classification of the dystonias.
abstract: The definition and classification of the dystonias was recently revisited. In the new 2013 classification, the dystonias are subdivided in terms of their etiology according to whether they are the result of pathological changes or structural damage, have acquired causes or are inherited. As hereditary dystonias are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, we sought to classify them according to the new recently defined criteria. We observed that although the new classification is still the subject of much debate and controversy, it is easy to use in a logical and objective manner with the inherited dystonias. With the discovery of new genes, however, it remains to be seen whether the new classification will continue to be effective.
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Distúrbios do Movimento, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique F
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Distúrbios do Movimento, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sarah Teixeira
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Camargos
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Distúrbios do Movimento, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Eduardo C
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Distúrbios do Movimento, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hélio Afonso G
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Teive
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002819:Chorea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D004421:Dystonia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009207:Myoclonus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics