title: The social distribution of dietary patterns. Traditional, modern and healthy eating among women in a Latin American city.
abstract: Popkin's nutrition transition model proposes that after the change from the traditional to the modern dietary pattern, another change toward "healthy eating" could occur. As health-related practices are associated with social position, with higher socioeconomic groups generally being the first to adopt public health recommendations, a gradient of traditional-modern-healthy dietary patterns should be observed between groups. The objectives of this article were: 1) to describe the dietary patterns of a representative sample of adult women; 2) to assess whether dietary patterns differentiate in traditional, modern and healthy; and 3) to evaluate the association of social position and dietary patterns. We conducted a survey in Tijuana, a Mexican city at the Mexico-United States (US) border. Women 18-65 years old (n = 2345) responded to a food frequency questionnaire, and questions about socioeconomic and demographic factors. We extracted dietary patterns through factor analysis, and employed indicators of economic and cultural capital, life course stage and migration to define social position. We evaluated the association of social position and dietary patterns with linear regression models. Three patterns were identified: "tortillas," "hamburgers" and "vegetables." Women in a middle position of economic and cultural capital scored higher in the "hamburgers" pattern, and women in upper positions scored higher in the "vegetables" pattern. Economic and cultural capitals and migration interacted, so that for women lower in economic capital, having lived in the US was associated with higher scores in the "hamburgers" pattern.
authors.affiliation: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Carretera Escénica Tijuana Ensenada Km. 18.5, San Antonio del Mar, Tijuana, B.C. 22560, Mexico. Electronic address: ietzabojorquez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ietza
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bojorquez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco #101, Tlalpan, Huipulco, 14370 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Unikel
authors.affiliation: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Carretera Escénica Tijuana Ensenada Km. 18.5, San Antonio del Mar, Tijuana, B.C. 22560, Mexico.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.affiliation: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Carretera Escénica Tijuana Ensenada Km. 18.5, San Antonio del Mar, Tijuana, B.C. 22560, Mexico.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cerecero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003469:Culture; D004032:Diet / Q000639:trends*; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D057140:Fast Foods; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dietary patterns; Health inequalities; Health-related practices; Nutrition transition; Social epidemiology