title: Screening for Voice Disorders in Older Adults (Rastreamento de Alterações Vocais em Idosos--RAVI)--Part I: Validity Evidence Based on Test Content and Response Processes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the validity evidence based on the content and response processes of the Rastreamento de Alterações Vocais em Idosos (RAVI; "Screening for Voice Disorders in Older Adults"), an epidemiologic screening for voice disorders in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, nonrandomized, cross-sectional, validation study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Criteria for defining the domains and elaborating the questions were established to confirm the validity evidence based on the content. A multidisciplinary committee of 19 experts evaluated the questions, and the relevance and representation of the domains were analyzed using the Content Validity Index for Items (CVI-I) and the Content Validity Index (CVI), respectively. For validity evidence based on the response processes, 40 individuals of both sexes, aged ≥60 years, were stratified by demographic and socioeconomic condition. They responded to the RAVI, made suggestions, and their verbal and nonverbal reactions were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first version of the RAVI consisted of 20 questions related to sensations and perceptions associated with the voice. Although the CVI value of 0.80 was satisfactory, the CVI-I and the suggestions of the expert committee indicated that the scale needed to be reformulated. Consultation with older adults indicated a need for further adjustment. The preliminary version of the RAVI consisted of 16 questions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two aspects of validity evidence described in the present study were essential for adapting the questions to better fit the construct of the questionnaire. Other aspects of validity evidence and reliability analysis will be described in part II of this study.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSCol-UFRN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Electronic address: leandroape@globo.com.
authors.forename: Leandro de Araújo
authors.initials: Lde A
authors.lastname: Pernambuco
authors.affiliation: Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Servei d'Atenció i Prevenció a les Drogodependències, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espelt
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSCol-UFRN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hipólito Virgílio
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Magalhães Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Veiga Andersen
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSCol-UFRN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kenio Costa
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: de Lima
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014833:Voice Quality
keywords: Aged; Aging; Dysphonia; Epidemiology; Health of the elderly; Validation studies; Voice; Voice disorders