title: Increase in telencephalic dopamine and cerebellar norepinephrine contents by hydrostatic pressure in goldfish: the possible involvement in hydrostatic pressure-related locomotion.
abstract: Fish are faced with a wide range of hydrostatic pressure (HP) in their natural habitats. Additionally, freshwater fish are occasionally exposed to rapid changes in HP due to heavy rainfall, flood and/or dam release. Accordingly, variations in HP are one of the most important environmental cues for fish. However, little information is available on how HP information is perceived and transmitted in the central nervous system of fish. The present study examined the effect of HP (water depth of 1.3 m) on the quantities of monoamines and their metabolites in the telencephalon, optic tectum, diencephalon, cerebellum (including partial mesencephalon) and vagal lobe (including medulla oblongata) of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, using high-performance liquid chromatography. HP affected monoamine and metabolite contents in restricted brain regions, including the telencephalon, cerebellum and vagal lobe. In particular, HP significantly increased the levels of dopamine (DA) in the telencephalon at 15 min and that of norepinephrine (NE) in the cerebellum at 30 min. In addition, HP also significantly increased locomotor activity at 15 and 30 min after HP treatment. It is possible that HP indirectly induces locomotion in goldfish via telencephalic DA and cerebellar NE neuronal activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan. ikegami@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan. ikegami@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
authors.forename: Eunjung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutritional Science for Animals, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomonaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Badruzzaman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furuse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: Brain; Fish; Hydrostatic pressure; Monoamine; Swimming