title: Molecular Genetics of Sex Identification, Breed Ancestry and Polydactyly in the Norwegian Lundehund Breed.
abstract: The Norwegian Lundehund breed of dog has undergone a severe loss of genetic diversity as a result of inbreeding and epizootics of canine distemper. As a consequence, the breed is extremely homogeneous and accurate sex identification is not always possible by standard screening of X-chromosomal loci. To improve our genetic understanding of the breed we genotyped 17 individuals using a genome-wide array of 170 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Standard analyses based on expected homozygosity of X-chromosomal loci failed in assigning individuals to the correct sex, as determined initially by physical examination and confirmed with the Y-chromosomal marker, amelogenin. This demonstrates that identification of sex using standard SNP assays can be erroneous in highly inbred individuals.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany (Kropatsch and Epplen); the Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (Melis and Jensen); the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg Øst, Denmark (Stronen); and the Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany (Epplen). regina.kropatsch@rub.de.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kropatsch
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany (Kropatsch and Epplen); the Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (Melis and Jensen); the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg Øst, Denmark (Stronen); and the Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany (Epplen).
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany (Kropatsch and Epplen); the Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (Melis and Jensen); the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg Øst, Denmark (Stronen); and the Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany (Epplen).
authors.forename: Astrid V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Stronen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany (Kropatsch and Epplen); the Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (Melis and Jensen); the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg Øst, Denmark (Stronen); and the Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany (Epplen).
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany (Kropatsch and Epplen); the Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (Melis and Jensen); the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg Øst, Denmark (Stronen); and the Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany (Epplen).
authors.forename: Joerg T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Epplen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D004285:Dogs / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D007178:Inbreeding; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009664:Norway; D017689:Polydactyly / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Norwegian Lundehund; Y chromosome; ancestors; mtDNA; polydactyly; sex identification