title: Trigonella foenum-graceum (Seed) Extract Interferes with Quorum Sensing Regulated Traits and Biofilm Formation in the Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila.
abstract: Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) is an important plant of the Leguminosae family known to have medicinal properties. However, fraction based antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activities have not been reported from this plant. In the present study T. foenum-graecum seed extract was sequentially fractionated and sub-MICs were tested for above activities. The methanol fraction of the extract demonstrated significant inhibition of AHL regulated virulence factors: protease, LasB elastase, pyocyanin production, chitinase, EPS, and swarming motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and PAF79. Further, QS dependent virulence factor in the aquatic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila WAF38 was also reduced. Application of T. foenum-graecum seed extract to PAO1, PAF79, and WAF38 decreased the biofilm forming abilities of the pathogens by significant levels. The extract also exhibited reduced AHL levels and subsequent downregulation of lasB gene. In vivo study showed an enhanced survival of PAO1-preinfected C. elegans after treatment with extract at 1 mg/mL. Further, the major compound detected by GC-MS, caffeine, reduced the production of QS regulated virulence factors and biofilm at 200 µg/mL concentration indicating its role in the activity of the methanol extract. The results of the present study reveal the potential anti-QS and antibiofilm property of T. foenum-graceum extract and caffeine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India ; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fohad Mabood
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohd Shahnawaz
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nasser Abdulatif
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Al-Shabib