title: Innovation in surgical technology and techniques: Challenges and ethical issues.
abstract: The pace of medical innovation continues to increase. The deployment of new technologies in surgery creates many ethical challenges including how to determine safety of the technology, what is the timing and process for deployment of a new technology, how are patients informed before undergoing a new technology or technique, how are the outcomes of a new technology evaluated and how are the responsibilities of individual patients and society at large balanced. Ethical considerations relevant to the implementation of ECMO and robotic surgery are explored to further discussion of how we can optimize the delicate balance between innovation and regulation.
authors.affiliation: Michigan Pediatric Device Consortium, University of Michigan, CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, 1540 E Hospital Dr SPC 4211, Michigan 48109. Electronic address: jgeiger@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan, CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hirschl
mesh_terms: D004869:Equipment Safety; D013502:General Surgery / Q000941:ethics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D062069:Inventions / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards*; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Credentialing; ECMO; Ethics; Innovation; Robotic surgery; Surgical training