title: Utility of the Japanese version of the 9-item Wearing-off Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The 9-item Wearing-off Questionnaire (WOQ-9) is a useful tool for screening of wearing-off. We performed a validation study of the Japanese version of the WOQ-9 (JWOQ-9) using a cross-sectional design in Japanese Parkinson's disease (PD) patients diagnosed with sporadic PD and treated with levodopa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with severe dementia, uncontrolled psychiatric comorbidities, and previous PD neurosurgery were excluded. The wearing-off phenomenon was detected according to the JWOQ-9, and the results were compared with independent evaluations of wearing-off conducted by PD specialists blinded to the JWOQ-9 results. To validate the JWOQ-9, a sample size of at least 70 patients with wearing-off and 70 patients without wearing-off was required. Therefore, a total of 180 patients (101 patients with wearing-off and 79 patients without wearing-off) were enrolled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the JWOQ-9 were 94.1%, 39.2%, 66.4%, and 83.8%, respectively. Motor symptom questions demonstrated both moderate sensitivity (58.1-87.3%) and specificity (60.4-87.5%). In contrast, non-motor symptom questions demonstrated fair to moderate sensitivity (51.5-64.6%), with high specificity (80.0-94.1%). Like the original WOQ-9, the JWOQ-9 exhibits significant value for detecting possible wearing-off.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The JWOQ-9 is a useful screening tool for detecting wearing-off of both motor and non-motor symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukae
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Masa-aki
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Shosaburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsugawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ouma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Japan.
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoritaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama Kyokuto Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan. Electronic address: tsuboi@cis.fukuoka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa
keywords: Motor symptom; Non-motor symptom; Parkinson's disease; Questionnaire; Wearing-off