title: Analysis of bioactivities and chemical composition of Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. using HPLC-DAD.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical profile and antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. (HELZJ). The antioxidant DPPH and FRAP assays and chemical profile were determined by colorimetric methods and HPLC/DAD. The antiparasitic, antibiotic and antibiotic-modifying activity were evaluated by microdilution assays. The HPLC-DAD assay showed the presence of mostly tannins and flavonoids, such as caffeic acid and quercetin. The levels of polyphenols and flavonoids were 183.136 mg/g extract and 7.37 mg/g extract, respectively. DPPH and FRAP showed low antioxidant activity for the extract. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were not of clinical relevance, showing MIC>1024 μg/mL. However, synergism was observed between HELZJ and the antibiotics amikacin and gentamicin, which resulted in decreased bacterial drug resistance. EHFZJ showed low toxicity in fibroblasts in vitro, while antiparasitic results against Trypnosoma cruzi, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum were not clinically relevant. Thus, our results indicate that Z. joazeiro Mart. (HELZJ) could be a source of plant-derived natural products that could lead to the development of promising new antibiotic compounds for infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sharlene M O
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil. Electronic address: hdmcoutinho@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Henrique D M
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chagas Disease, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talvani
authors.affiliation: Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cathia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coronel
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andreza G R
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Figueredo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil.
authors.forename: Saulo R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tintino
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciene F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill, Asunción, Paraguay.
authors.forename: Aline A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.affiliation: Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill, Asunción, Paraguay.
authors.forename: Margareth L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Athayde
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceara, Brazil. Electronic address: irwinalencar@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Irwin R A
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Menezes
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003124:Colorimetry; D021902:Enterobacter aerogenes / Q000187:drug effects*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000187:drug effects; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D013634:Tannins
keywords: Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity and anti-Leishmania activity; Antibiotic activity; Antioxidant activity; Chemical profile; Ziziphus joazeiro