title: Association of Adiponectin with Adolescent Cardiovascular Health in a Dietary Intervention Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether an infancy-onset, low saturated fat-oriented dietary intervention influences serum adiponectin concentration in adolescents, and to study the association of adiponectin with subclinical markers of vascular health, and cardio-metabolic risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The longitudinal, randomized Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project aimed to modify child's dietary fat quality replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat. Serum adiponectin (n = 521) along with weight, height, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides, and insulin were measured at age 15 years. Adiposity was assessed using body mass index, waist circumference, and abdominal fat thickness measured with ultrasound. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to International Diabetes Foundation criteria. Vascular ultrasound measures including carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin concentrations were similar in the intervention and control groups (P = .16). Adiponectin associated with carotid IMT (r = -0.13, P = .005), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.18, P < .0001), triglycerides (r = -0.16, P = .0004), CRP (r = -0.10, P = .02), insulin (r = -0.14, P = .002), and adiposity (r = -0.18-0.24, P ≤ .0001). When adjusted for adiposity indices, the association with carotid IMT was only marginally diluted (P = .03-.06), but the associations with insulin and CRP became nonsignificant. Adolescents with adiponectin ≤median had 4-fold risk of metabolic syndrome than peers with adiponectin >median (CI 1.8-10.2, P = .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy adolescents, low serum adiponectin is related with carotid IMT and metabolic syndrome. We found no evidence that repeated low saturated fat-oriented dietary counseling would influence serum adiponectin in adolescence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00223600.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: Johanna.m.jaakkola@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Johanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jaakkola
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Center, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pahkala
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viitala
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rönnemaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niinikoski
authors.affiliation: Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lagström
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jula
authors.affiliation: Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simell
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raitakari
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D037001:Directive Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein