title: Oxidative Stress Correlates (OSC) in Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a considerable systemic metabolic disorder to exhibit various metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, mainly hyperglycemia. Our study aims to evaluate oxidative stress markers in DM patients and to determine the clinical correlates affecting the investigational parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate oxidative stress, the following parameters were included: tri-glycerides(TG), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL), oxidized LDL cholesterol(Ox LDL), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI) which were measured at single observation point. Patient clinical and demographic data were taken from registered medication profiles from the Outpatient Department.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diabetic subjects have significantly high measured values of endocrine(p<0.01), metabolic(p&lt;0.01) and antioxidant parameters(p<0.05), and have significant higher values of TG(3.69±1.27 vs 1.79±0.84 mmol/L, p< 0.01), Ox LDL(85.37±19.1 vs 77.11±26.64 mmol/L, p<0.05) and SOD enzyme activity(918.78 ± 145.39 vs 880.08±149.52 U/g Hb, p<0.05) compared to the controls. A significant negative correlation was found between Ox LDL and HbA1c(r = -0.6782, p < 0.001) among diabetic subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated Ox-LDL, SOD and GSH-Px are associated with the diabetic patients. However, oxidative stress threshold values also showed high oxidative activity markers among controls. Clinical variables showed predictive information on oxidative activity among diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. wasifgillani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Syed Wasif
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Gillani
authors.forename: Eman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azeem
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Rashid Iqbal
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Mian
authors.forename: Vinci
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poh
authors.forename: Syed Azhar Syed
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Mirza Rafiullah
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Baig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein