title: Middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: relate of two cases and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenomas with neuroendocrine differentiation are defined as neuroendocrine neoplasms, and they are rarely found in the head and neck.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe two cases of a middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, with a literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient 1 was a 41-year-old woman who presented with a 3-year history of left aural fullness associated with ipsilateral "hammer beating" tinnitus. Patient 2 was a 41-year-old male who presented with unilateral conductive hearing loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adenoma with neuroendocrine differentiation of the middle ear is a rare entity, but it should be considered in patients with tinnitus, aural fullness, and a retrotympanic mass and remembered as a diferential diagnosis of tympanic paraganglioma.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngologist, Ph.D. Student. Department of Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Gomes
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.affiliation: M.D., Ph.D. - Associated Doctor. Department of Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robinson Koji
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: M.D., Otolaryngology Resident. Department of Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: M.D., Otolaryngology Resident. Department of Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Vilela
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngologist, Ph.D. Student. Department of Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Carolina de Oliveira
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: M.D. Ph.D. Professor and Chairman - Department of Patology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Venâncio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: M.D. Ph.D. Professor and Chairman - Department of Otolaryngology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Ferreira
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bento
keywords: Adenoma; Hearing Loss; Neuroendocrine Tumors