title: Contribution of the external urethral sphincter to urinary void size in unanesthetized unrestrained rats.
abstract: In anesthetized rats, voiding is typically associated with phasic activation (bursting) of the external urethral sphincter (EUS). During spontaneous voiding in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats, EUS bursting is the most common form of EUS activity exhibited, but it is not necessary for productive voiding to occur. The aim of the present study was to determine which aspects of EUS activity contributed to void size during bursting and non-bursting voiding in conscious, freely moving rats.
  
  
  
  Female rats were implanted with electrodes adjacent to the EUS for recording electromyographic activity (EMG). EUS EMG recordings were performed during 24-hr sessions in a metabolic cage while voided urine was continuously collected and weighed.
  
  
  
  Void size was positively correlated with the duration of the intra-burst silent and active periods and variables reflecting the overall intensity and duration of bursting, particularly at lower frequencies within the 3-10 Hz range of EUS bursting. In addition, void size was inversely related to the frequency of bursting and to the average EMG amplitude during voiding, both in voids with and without bursting.
  
  
  
  EUS bursting contributes to productive voiding when bursting is present. Lower bursting frequencies elicit more productive voiding than do higher frequencies. In the absence of bursting, the association of increased void size with smaller average EUS EMG amplitude suggests that conscious rats can perform synergic voiding (i.e., bladder contraction with EUS relaxation) that is comparable to that seen in humans and other typically non-bursting species. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:696-702, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, SUNY at Albany, Rensselaer, New York.
authors.forename: Brandon K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: LaPallo
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, SUNY at Albany, Rensselaer, New York.|New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wolpaw
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, SUNY at Albany, Rensselaer, New York.|New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Xiang Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, SUNY at Albany, Rensselaer, New York.|New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Carp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014521:Urethra / Q000502:physiology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology
keywords: EMG; EUS; electrodes; electromyography; female; implanted; rhabdosphincter; spectral analysis