title: Management of patients with suspected infectious diarrhoea in hospitals in England.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advances in molecular and genomic testing for patients with suspected infectious diarrhoea are on the horizon. It is important to understand how infection control and microbiology departments currently operate with respect to the management of these patients in order to assess the implications of more widespread diagnostic testing. However, there are few data available on current practice in this context.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe current infection control and microbiologist practice across England with respect to the management of patients with suspected infectious diarrhoea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitals in England completed three questionnaires on current testing practice in this context. Questionnaire design was informed by current practice within the Oxford University Hospitals group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one percent of hospitals completed at least one questionnaire. A notable proportion of staff time was devoted to the management of patients with suspected infectious diarrhoea. Staff training was generally good, but compliance with policy documents was only 80%. Cleaning and isolation policies varied across hospitals, suggesting that either these were not evidence-based, or that the evidence base is weak. There was more agreement on outbreak definitions, management, and cohorting policies. Stool-testing decisions were mainly driven by patient characteristics, whereas strain typing was infrequently used (except to investigate Clostridium difficile infections). Multiple practical difficulties associated with patient management were identified, along with a clear appetite for more widespread genomic diagnostic testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Managing patients with suspected infectious diarrhoea is a major burden in England. Advances in testing practice in this context could have significant clinical and economic impacts.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: james.buchanan@dph.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wordsworth
authors.affiliation: NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.affiliation: NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Leeds Teaching Hospitals & University of Leeds, Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.affiliation: NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Crook
mesh_terms: D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D058006:General Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Diarrhoea; Infection control; Microbiology; Patient management; Questionnaire