title: The influence of CTLA-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms on acute kidney allograft rejection in Turkish patients.
abstract: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a cell surface protein, which down-regulates the immune response at CTLA-4/CD28/B7 pathway. We aimed to investigate the influence of the -318 C/T, +49 A/G, -1661 A/G and CT60A/G, and CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms on acute rejection of kidney allograft in Turkish patients. The study design was a case-control study that consists of three groups: Group 1 (n = 34) represented the kidney transplant (Ktx) recipients who experienced acute rejection, Group 2 (n = 47) was randomly assigned Ktx recipients without acute rejection, and Group 3 (n = 50) consisting of healthy volunteers to evaluate the normal genomic distribution. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to determine the polymorphisms. Genotype and allele frequencies among three groups denoted similar distributions for +49 A/G, -1661 A/G, and CT60A/G. Conversely, -318 C/T genotype was three times more frequent in the acute rejection group than in the non-rejection group (OR = 3.45; 95%CI = 1.18-10.1, p = 0.015) and two times more frequent than the healthy control group (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 0.98 - 6.11, p = 0.047). Additionally, having a T allele at -318 position was significantly associated with acute rejection (0.147 vs. 0.043, OR = 3.45; 95% CI = 1.13-10.56, p = 0.02). 318C/T gene polymorphism and T allelic variant were found to be associated with increased acute rejection risk in Turkish kidney allograft recipients.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Center and Health Sciences Research Center, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Çağlar
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Ruhi
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Center and Health Sciences Research Center, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nilgün
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sallakçi
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Center and Health Sciences Research Center, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Olcay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yeğin
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Center and Health Sciences Research Center, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gültekin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Süleymanlar
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Center and Health Sciences Research Center, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: F Fevzi
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Ersoy
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D064591:Allografts; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen
keywords: acute rejection; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4; kidney transplantation; single nucleotide polymorphism; −318 C/T