title: The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 in antigen processing and antimicrobial defense.
abstract: The ubiquitin-like modifier (ULM) HLA-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) is encoded in the MHC locus, is up-regulated during dendritic cell maturation, is highly expressed in lymphoid tissues, and strongly induced by interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. FAT10 is the only ULM known to date which directly targets its hundreds of substrates for degradation by the proteasome. This implies a role for FAT10 in antigen presentation. Indeed, fusion of FAT10 to viral proteins enhanced their presentation along the proteasome dependent MHC class I presentation pathway. In this review we discuss the FAT10 conjugation system as an alternative and distinct pathway for MHC class I and II antigen processing. Furthermore, we review the recent finding that FAT10 plays a role in antimicrobial defense against intracellular pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany; Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. Electronic address: Michael.Basler@uni-konstanz.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basler
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buerger
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany; Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. Electronic address: Marcus.Groettrup@uni-konstanz.de.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groettrup
mesh_terms: D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D054875:Ubiquitination; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C109184:UBD protein, human; D014452:Ubiquitins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: Antigen presentation; Antigen processing; FAT10; Ubiquitin-like modifier