title: Linguistic Validation of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory in Persian-Speaking Iranian Cancer Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various symptoms frequently affect cancer patients' quality of life. Appropriate assessment of these symptoms provides valuable data for cancer management.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to validate the Persian version of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-P).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted at four cancer treatment centers in two cities in Iran. Breast cancer and colorectal cancer patients aged 18 years and older were consecutively included in the study. The standard forward-backward translation method was applied. Patients completed the MDASI-P along with the previously validated Persian version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Construct validity (factor analysis), criterion validity (against the EORTC QLQ-C30), and reliability (Cronbach's alpha) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 146 breast cancer and 94 colorectal cancer patients were studied. Factor analysis for the symptom severity items resulted in a three-factor solution, further reduced to a two-factor solution: general symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms. Correlation of the MDASI-P symptom severity items with corresponding EORTC QLQ-C30 symptom items (r = 0.48-0.75) and MDASI-P interference items with corresponding EORTC QLQ-C30 functioning domains (r = -0.46 to -0.23) supported the criterion validity. Cronbach's alpha was 0.90, 0.88, and 0.77 for the total questionnaire, symptom severity items, and the interference subscale, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MDASI-P is a feasible, valid, and reliable instrument for evaluation of symptoms in Persian-speaking cancer patients and can be used to improve symptom management in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saadatpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hemati
authors.affiliation: Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.affiliation: Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Erfan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Behzadi
authors.affiliation: Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Marsa Sadat
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hashemi-Jazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kheirabadi
authors.affiliation: Poursina Hakim Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mirbagher
authors.affiliation: Poursina Hakim Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: ali.gholamrezaei@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gholamrezaei
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014177:Translations
keywords: Neoplasms; symptom assessment; translations; validation studies