title: Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Blood Samples and Antibiotic Utilization in a University Hospital in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infection. Several reports indicated a correlation of antimicrobial usages and declined susceptibilities. In this report, we evaluated their relation in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Tokyo, Japan for 4 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the susceptibilities of 149 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from blood samples and consumption of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics as antimicrobial use density from 2009 to 2012 in the University of Tokyo Hospital in Tokyo, Japan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Usages of carbapenems and anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins decreased 44% and 31% from 2009 to 2011, and then increased 30% and 24% in 2012, respectively. Usage of piperacillin-tazobactam increased 87% from 2009 to 2012, which was introduced in the hospital in 2008. Consumption of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycoside remained low in those years. Susceptibilities to cephalosporins, carbapenems (except for panipenem-betamipron), penicillins, and fluoroquinolones declined between 22% and 39% in 2010, increased in the range of 16-31% in 2011, and increased by 1-14% in 2012. Susceptibility of panipenem-betamipron ranged between 25% and 32%. Susceptibility to aminoglycoside was more than 90% during this period. No relationship between antimicrobial usages and susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa did not correlate with the usage of antibiotics in our hospital. Several infection control measures and other factors might contribute to changing the susceptibilities of bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ito
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higurashi
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okugawa
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Kyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriya