title: Comparison of outcomes and presentation in men-versus-women with bicuspid aortic valves undergoing aortic valve replacement.
abstract: Gender disparities in short- and long-term outcomes have been documented in cardiac and valvular heart surgery. However, there is a paucity of data regarding these differences in the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) population. The aim of this study was to examine gender-specific differences in short- and long-term outcomes after surgical aortic valve (AV) replacement in patients with BAV. A retrospective analysis was performed in 628 consecutive patients with BAV who underwent AV surgery from April 2004 to December 2013. To reduce bias when comparing outcomes by gender, propensity score matching obtained on the basis of potential confounders was used. Women with BAV who underwent AV surgery presented with more advanced age (mean 60.7 ± 13.8 vs 56.3 ± 13.6 years, p <0.001) and less aortic regurgitation (29% vs 44%, p <0.001) and had a higher risk for in-hospital mortality (mean Ambler score 3.4 ± 4.4 vs 2.5 ± 4.0, p = 0.015). After propensity score matching, women received more blood products postoperatively (48% vs 34%, p = 0.028) and had more prolonged postoperative lengths of stay (median 5 days [interquartile range 5 to 7] vs 5 days [interquartile range 4 to 6], p = 0.027). Operative, discharge, and 30-day mortality and overall survival were not significantly different. In conclusion, women with BAV who underwent AV surgery were older, presented with less aortic regurgitation, and had increased co-morbidities, lending higher operative risk. Although women received more blood products and had significantly longer lengths of stay, short- and long-term outcomes were similar.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: aandrei@nm.org.
authors.forename: Adin-Cristian
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Andrei
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadlapati
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: S Chris
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Malaisrie
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Jyothy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Puthumana
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Vera H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Rigolin
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Marla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendelson
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clennon
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul W M
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Fedak
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rinewalt
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Robert O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Bonow
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Martha and Richard Melman Family Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Northwestern's Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D000082882:Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology