title: The effects of unemployment and perceived job insecurity: a comparison of their association with psychological and somatic complaints, self-rated health and life satisfaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research has provided convincing evidence for the adverse effects of both short- and long-term unemployment, and perceived job insecurity on individuals' health and well-being. This study aims to go one critical step further by comparing the association between short- and long-term unemployment, and perceived job insecurity with a diverse set of health and well-being indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compare four groups: (1) secure permanent employees (N = 2257), (2) insecure permanent employees (N = 713), (3) short-term unemployed (N = 662), and (4) long-term unemployed (N = 345) using cross-sectional data from the nationally representative Living Conditions Survey in Finland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Covariance analyses adjusted for background variables support findings from earlier studies that long-term unemployment and perceived job insecurity are detrimental: short-term unemployed and secure permanent employees experienced fewer psychological complaints and lower subjective complaints load, reported a higher self-rated health, and were more satisfied with their life compared to long-term unemployed and insecure permanent employees. Second, whereas unemployment was found to be more detrimental than insecure employment in terms of life satisfaction, insecure employment was found to be more detrimental than unemployment in terms of psychological complaints. No differences were found regarding subjective complaints load and self-rated health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that (1) insecure employment relates to more psychological complaints than short-term unemployment and secure permanent employment, (2) insecure employment and long-term unemployment relate to more subjective complaints load and poorer health when compared to secure permanent employment, and (3) insecure employment relates to higher life satisfaction than both short- and long-term unemployment.
authors.affiliation: Work and Organizational Psychology (WOPs), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. yannick.griep@vub.ac.be.
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Griep
authors.affiliation: School of Social Sciences and Humanities (Psychology), University of Tampere, Kalevantie 4, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kinnunen
authors.affiliation: School of Social Sciences and Humanities (Social Policy), University of Tampere, Kalevantie 4, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nätti
authors.affiliation: Research Group Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, Dekenstraat 2 (pb 3725), 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Cuyper
authors.affiliation: School of Social Sciences and Humanities (Psychology), University of Tampere, Kalevantie 4, 33014, Tampere, Finland.|Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Ylistönmäentie 33, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Saija
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mauno
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Ylistönmäentie 33, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mäkikangas
authors.affiliation: Research Group Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, Dekenstraat 2 (pb 3725), 3000, Louvain, Belgium.|Optentia Research Programme, North-West University, Hendrick Van Eck Boulevard 1174, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Witte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Job insecurity; Life satisfaction; Psychological complaints; Self-rated health; Subjective complaints load; Unemployment