title: PLA2G16 Expression in Human Osteosarcoma Is Associated with Pulmonary Metastasis and Poor Prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteosarcoma is the most frequent type of malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents and is associated with a high propensity for lung metastasis. Recent experiments have indicated that PLA2G16 contributes to osteosarcoma progression and metastasis in both mouse and human osteosarcoma cell lines. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of PLA2G16 in non-metastatic and metastatic osteosarcomas to determine whether PLA2G16 expression can serve as a biomarker of osteosarcoma prognosis and metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine PLA2G16 mRNA in primary osteosarcoma patients (18 patients without metastases and 17 patients with metastases), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of PLA2G16 was performed on tissue microarrays from 119 osteosarcoma patients. Tumor metastatic behavior and survival of the patients were followed up for a minimum of 36 months and a maximum of 171 months. The prognostic value of PLA2G16 expression was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and a log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify significant independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteosarcoma patients with metastasis showed a higher expression of PLA2G16 at both the mRNA and protein levels (both at P values< 0.05) than did patients without metastasis. Osteosarcoma patients with positive IHC staining of PLA2G16 expression at primary sites had shorter overall survival and metastasis-free survival (both at P values <0.02). Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis identified PLA2G16 expression as an independent prognostic factor to predict poor overall survival and metastasis-free survival (both P values < 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicated that PLA2G16 expression is a significant prognostic factor in primary osteosarcoma patients for predicting the development of metastases and poor survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Shoulei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xiuxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Jilong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Luling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Binying
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Qianyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Tianyang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Kexin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Shunbin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Guowen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D054512:Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C490065:PLAAT3 protein, human; D054512:Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent