title: Incident retinal vein occlusions and estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The Beijing Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether the incidence of retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) is associated with estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The population-based Beijing Eye Study, which included 4439 subjects (age: 40 + years) in 2001, was repeated in 2011 with 2695 subjects participating (66.4% of the survivors). Fundus photographs were examined for the new development of RVOs, differentiated into central RVOs (CRVOs) and branch RVOs (BRVOs). CSFP was calculated as CSFP [mmHg] = 0.44 × Body Mass Index [kg/m(2) ] + 0.16 × Diastolic Blood Pressure [mmHg]-0.18 × Age[Years].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incident BRVOs were detected in 50 eyes and incident CRVOs in 8 eyes. BRVOs were located at arterio-venous crossings in 39 eyes. In multivariate analysis, a higher estimated CSFP was associated with a higher incidence of CRVOs (p = 0.004; standardized coefficient beta: 0.06; regression coefficient B: 5.35; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.73, 8.96) after adjusting for urban region (p < 0.001; beta: -0.52; B: -3.93; 95% CI: -4.29, -3.57), higher educational level (p = 0.001; beta: 0.13; B: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.60), higher blood concentrations of triglycerides (p < 0.001; beta: 0.08; B: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.16) and higher intraocular pressure (p < 0.001; beta: 0.16; B:0.21; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.27). As a corollary, a higher incidence of RVOs as a whole, as well as a higher incidence of CRVOs combined with a higher incidence of BRVOs originating at the optic nerve head, both were significantly associated with higher estimated CSFP (p = 0.002; odds ratio (OR): 1.15; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.25; and p = 0.037; OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.35, respectively) after adjusting for older age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher estimated CSFP was associated with a higher incidence of RVOs originating at the optic nerve head (i.e. CRVOs, hemi-central RVOs and BRVOs originating at the optic nerve head), and vice versa, a higher incidence of RVOs was associated with a higher estimated CSFP. It suggested an influence of higher estimated CSFP on higher central retinal vein pressure.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jost B
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-5227
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.affiliation: Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ningli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ya Xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qi Sheng
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Diya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015170:Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: central retinal vein occlusion; cerebrospinal fluid pressure; glaucoma; trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference