title: Effect of aspect ratio on the uptake and toxicity of hydroxylated-multi walled carbon nanotubes in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the effect of tube length and outer diameter (OD) size of hydroxylated-multi walled carbon nanotubes (OH-MWCNTs) on their uptake and toxicity was investigated in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using a functional mutant analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The physicochemical properties of three different OH-MWCNTs were characterized. Uptake and toxicity were subsequently investigated on C. elegans exposed to MWCNTs with different ODs and tube lengths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of mutant analysis suggest that ingestion is the main route of MWCNTs uptake. We found that OH-MWCNTs with smaller ODs were more toxic than those with larger ODs, and OH-MWCNTs with shorter tube lengths were more toxic than longer counterparts to C. elegans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall the results suggest the aspect ratio affects the toxicity of MWCNTs in C. elegans. Further thorough study on the relationship between physicochemical properties and toxicity needs to be conducted for more comprehensive understanding of the uptake and toxicity of MWCNTs.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
keywords: Aspect ratio; Caenorhabditis elegans; Functional genomics; Functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes