title: The effects of neat biodiesel and biodiesel and HVO blends in diesel fuel on exhaust emissions from a light duty vehicle with a diesel engine.
abstract: The influence of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) diesel blends on the exhaust emissions from a passenger car was examined. The impact of FAME for the cold urban phase (UDC) was increased CO and HC emissions, probably due to blend physical properties promoting incomplete combustion. The HVO blend caused the lowest CO and HC emissions for the UDC. NOx emissions did not change significantly with the fuel used, however the UDC was characterized by lower NOx emission for FAME blends. Particle emissions were highest with standard diesel. Emissions of carbonyl compounds increased as fuel biodiesel content increased, especially during the UDC. HVO in diesel fuel decreased carbonyl emissions. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyl compounds in the exhaust gas. Total particle-bound PAH emissions were variable, the emission of heavier PAHs increased with blend biodiesel content. The HVO blend increased emission of lighter PAHs. Nitro-PAHs were identified only during the UDC and not for all blends; the highest emissions were measured for pure diesel. The results showed that emission of nitro-PAHs may be decreased to a greater extent by using biodiesel than using a HVO blend.
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Koscielna 13, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prokopowicz
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Koscielna 13, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaciera
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Koscielna 13, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.|‡School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobczak
authors.affiliation: §BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd, Sarni Stok 93, 43-300 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bielaczyc
authors.affiliation: §BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd, Sarni Stok 93, 43-300 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woodburn
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis*; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis*; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D056804:Biofuels; D005740:Gases; D005742:Gasoline; D010938:Plant Oils; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D014867:Water