title: Pregnancy risks associated with obesity.
abstract: Obesity has increased dramatically in the United States over the last several decades, with approximately 40% of pregnant women now considered overweight or obese. Obesity has been shown to be associated with numerous poor pregnancy outcomes, including increased rates of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal macrosomia, stillbirth, postterm pregnancy, and increased rates of cesarean delivery. Many of these complications have been found to increase even further with increasing body mass index in a dose-response fashion. In this review, the association of obesity with maternal, fetal, and pregnancy outcomes is discussed as are the recommendations for caring for the obese gravida.
authors.affiliation: Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mission
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: caughey@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Aaron B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Caughey
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs
keywords: Gestational diabetes; Macrosomia; Obesity; Pregnancy; Prenatal care