title: Identification, characterization and antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates obtained from waterpipe device hoses.
abstract: The general lack of knowledge about the health effects of waterpipe smoking is among the reasons for its global spread. In this study, bacterial contamination of waterpipe hoses was investigated. Twenty hoses were collected from waterpipe cafés and screened for bacterial pathogens using standard culture and isolation techniques. Additionally, resistance of isolated bacteria to common antibiotics was determined by identifying the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each isolate. Forty eight bacterial isolates were detected. Isolates included both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens from species that included Micrococcus (12), Corynebacterium (13) and Bacillus (9). In addition, some of the detected pathogens were found to be resistant to aztreonam (79%), cefixime (79%), norfloxacin, amoxicillin (47%), clarithromycin (46%) and enrofloxacin (38%). In conclusion, the hose of the waterpipe device is a good environment for the growth of bacterial pathogens, which can then be transmitted to users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. mmmasadeh@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Majed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Masadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 22110, Jordan. Shussein5@yu.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Emad I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. khalzoubi@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Karem H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Alzoubi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan:. khabour@just.edu.jo.|Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina 41411, Saudi Arabia. khabour@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khabour
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan:. mkshakhatreh@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Muhamad Ali K
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shakhatreh
authors.affiliation: Princesses Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid 21110, Jordan. mahmoudgharaibeh718@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gharaibeh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: antibiotics resistance; bacteria; hose; isolates; waterpipe