title: Identifying research needs for wheelchair transfers in the built environment.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the results of focus groups held during the Independent Wheelchair Transfer (IWT) Workgroup. The aims were to facilitate exchange of ideas on (1) the impact of the built environment on the wheelchair transfer process within the community (i.e. moving from wheelchair to and from other surfaces (e.g. furniture, toilet seat, bath bench, car seat) to participate in daily activities), (2) wheelchair users' needs during transfers in the built environment, and (3) future research directions.
  
  
  
  Live web-based conferencing using Adobe Connect technology (Clarix Technologies, Inc., Pittsford, NY) was utilized to conduct three focus groups composed of experts in the field of assistive technology. Investigators independently reviewed focus group meeting transcripts and used qualitative methods to identify main themes.
  
  
  
  Thirty-one experts in assistive technology and related fields participated in focus groups. Nine main themes were found including the effect of transfer skills training, space considerations in the built environment, wheelchair configuration, and the interaction between the built environment, user preferences, and transfer techniques. All groups raised issues about the transfer process in areas of the built environment with limited access, the effect of wheelchair users' transfer techniques, and user preferences during transfers.
  
  
  
  The area of independent transfers is multi-faceted and several factors require consideration when contemplating environmental changes to improve accessibility for wheelchair users. Obvious opportunity exists for research which could lead to advances in transfer technology, environments, and techniques for wheelchair users. Implications for Rehabilitation Tremendous opportunities for research collaborations in the field of assistive technology: To develop new terminology to describe wheelchair transfers. To improve the design of the built environment for wheelchair users. To investigate wheelchair transfer training techniques.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterans Affairs, Human Engineering Research Laboratories , Pittsburgh , PA , USA and.|b Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Theresa Marie
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Crytzer
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterans Affairs, Human Engineering Research Laboratories , Pittsburgh , PA , USA and.|b Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterans Affairs, Human Engineering Research Laboratories , Pittsburgh , PA , USA and.|b Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jerome
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterans Affairs, Human Engineering Research Laboratories , Pittsburgh , PA , USA and.|b Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koontz
mesh_terms: D001107:Architectural Accessibility / Q000592:standards*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004779:Environment Design / Q000592:standards; D004867:Equipment Design; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D055805:Moving and Lifting Patients / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*; D020380:Needs Assessment; D057240:Patient Preference; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014910:Wheelchairs
keywords: Accessibility; built environment; standards; transfers; wheelchair; wheeled mobility device