title: [Congenital pulmonary airway malformation of lung in fetus: a clinicopathological analysis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the etiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathologic characteristics, prognosis and treatment of congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen cases of CPAM were enrolled into the study. The clinical history, autopsy findings and immunohistochemical results were evaluated, with review of literature. The pathogenetic mechanism, pathologic features and differential diagnosis of CPAM were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic examination showed that 2 cases were classified as Stocker type I, 12 cases as type II, and 4 cases as type III. The lesion was unilateral and involved single lobe in 13 cases. The remaining 5 cases had bilateral diseases. Of the 18 cases studied, 12 cases showed single organ involvement and 6 cases had malformations affecting multiple organs. The associated malformations included cardiac anomalies (4 cases), polycystic kidney with gastrointestinal atresia (1 case) and nuchal cystic hygroma with hydrothorax (1 case).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPAM is a rare pulmonary disorder. The etiology of this non-neoplastic condition is unknown. Imaging analysis is a valuable tool to suggest CPAM, while definite diagnosis requires pathologic examination. The overall prognosis is determined by the presence of associated malformations, fetal hydrops and pulmonary hypoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China.
authors.forename: Yingnan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China; E-mail: gyqgyqgyq181818@163.com.
authors.forename: Yiqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China.
authors.forename: Aichun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China.
authors.forename: Junling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000473:pathology; D001344:Autopsy; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D015160:Hydrops Fetalis; D008168:Lung / Q000002:abnormalities*