title: Correlates of HIV Testing Among Men Who have Sex with Men in Three Urban Areas of Mozambique: Missed Opportunities for Prevention.
abstract: This is the first study to identify levels of recent HIV testing and associated factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Mozambique. Using data from Maputo (n = 493), Beira (n = 572), and Nampula/Nacala (n = 347), collected via respondent-driven sampling in 2011, and excluding those with prior known infection, we found that 30.4 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 25.0-36.3 %], 42.1 % (95 % CI 36.8-47.3 %) and 29.8 % (95 % CI 22.9-36.9 %), respectively, had recently tested for HIV (≤12 months), while between three and five out of 10 MSM had never tested. A range of factors was associated with recent HIV testing such as familiarity with the modes of transmission, knowledge of antiretroviral treatment for HIV, contact with peer educators and awareness of partner serostatus; yet, surprisingly recent healthcare utilization was not associated with recent testing. Findings provide evidence that structural and behavioral interventions among MSM may play an important role in increasing HIV testing.
authors.affiliation: Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. roberta.horth@ucsf.edu.|Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. roberta.horth@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Roberta Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Horth
authors.affiliation: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.affiliation: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mirjahangir
authors.affiliation: International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sathane
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Rassul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nalá
authors.affiliation: Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.|San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: H Fisher
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Raymond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009073:Mozambique / Q000453:epidemiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Africa; HIV testing; Men who have sex with men (MSM); Mozambique; Respondent-driven sampling (RDS)