title: Effect of uncontrolled hyperglycemia on levels of adhesion molecules in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Uncontrolled diabetes has become a major cause of mortality and morbidity by reason of vascular angiopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of soluble forms of vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), E-selectin, and thrombomodulin in patients with well-controlled and uncontrolled diabetes type 2.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on 62 patients with diabetes. Group I consisted of 35 patients with well-controlled diabetes. The second group included 27 patients with uncontrolled diabetes with micro-albuminuria. A control group was made up of 25 healthy volunteers. The concentrations of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sE-selectin, and soluble thrombomodulin were assayed in plasma. Serum concentration of creatinine was measured and the plasma concentrations of fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower concentrations of ICAM-1 were found in the group of uncontrolled diabetes patients compared with those with well-controlled disease. In patients with uncontrolled diabetes, VCAM-1 levels were significantly higher compared with the group with well-controlled diabetes. In patients with uncontrolled diabetes a positive correlation was obtained between glomerular filtration rate and sE-selectin and a negative correlation between the levels of creatinine and ICAM-1, although there was a positive correlation between (HbA1c) and ICAM-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study confirmed the participation of the inflammatory process associated with impaired vascular endothelial function in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The opposite effect of uncontrolled hyperglycemia on adhesion molecules suggests different functions of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in complications of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz PL 85-094, Poland; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz PL 85-094, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruszkowska-Ciastek
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokup
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wernik
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ruprecht
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Góralczyk
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Góralczyk
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gadomska
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rość
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine; D019040:E-Selectin; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human
keywords: Diabetic kidney disease; Glomerular filtration rate; Hyperfiltration