title: Graphene Oxide Selectively Enhances Thermostability of Trypsin.
abstract: In the past few years, graphene and its derivative, graphene oxide (GO), have been extensively studied for their applications in biotechnology. In our previous work, we reported certain PEGylated GOs (GO-PEGs) can selectively promote trypsin activity and enhance its thermostability. To further explore this, here we synthesized a series of GO-PEGs with varying PEGylation degrees. Enzymatic activity assay shows that both GO and GO-PEGs can protect trypsin, but not chymotrypsin, from thermal denaturation at high temperature. Surprisingly, the lower the PEGylation degree, the better the protection, and GO as well as the GO-PEG with the lowest PEGylation degree show the highest protection efficiency (∼70% retained activity at 70 °C). Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis shows that GO/GO-PEGs have strong interactions with trypsin. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation results reveal that trypsin is adsorbed onto the surface of GO through its cationic residues and hydrophilic residues. Different from chymotrypsin adsorbed on GO, the active site of trypsin is covered by GO. MD simulation at high temperature shows that, through such interaction with GO, trypsin's active site is therefore stabilized and protected by GO. Our work not only illustrates the promising potential of GO/GO-PEGs as efficient, selective modulators for trypsin, but also provides the interaction mechanism of GO with specific proteins at the nano-bio interface.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Pengli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Yinchan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Liangzhu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Ligeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Youyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011489:Protein Denaturation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013696:Temperature; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006108:Graphite; D002918:Chymotrypsin; D014357:Trypsin
keywords: enzyme thermostability; graphene oxide; molecular dynamics simulation; nano−bio interface; trypsin