title: Pattern recognition receptors as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory rheumatic disease.
abstract: The pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are part of the first line of defence against pathogens. However, they also have the ability to respond to danger signals that are frequently elevated during tissue damage and at sites of inflammation. Inadvertent activation of pattern recognition receptors has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of many conditions including inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Prolonged inflammation most often results in pain and damage to tissues. In particular, the Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptors that form inflammasomes have been postulated as key contributors to the inflammation observed in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout and systemic lupus erythematosus. As such, there is increasing interest in targeting these receptors for therapeutic treatment in the clinic. Here the role of pattern recognition receptors in the pathogenesis of these diseases is discussed, with an update on the development of interventions to modulate the activity of these potential therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK. l.mullen@bsms.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.affiliation: Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK. g.chamberlain@bsms.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.affiliation: Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK. s.sacre@bsms.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sacre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors