title: Developmental toxicity and endocrine disruption of naphthenic acids on the early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) has been reported to exhibit adverse effects on the environment and wildlife. Although the compounds responsible are unknown, naphthenic acids (NAs) have been considered to be implicated. The current study was designed to investigate whether NAs might cause developmental toxicity and endocrine disruption on the early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The success of embryo hatch was inhibited by 2.5 mg l(-1) oil sands NAs (OS-NAs) exposure, and both OSPW NAs and commercial NAs (C-NAs) exposure resulted in a variety of developmental lesions in the fish larvae, such as yolk sac edema, pericardial edema and spinal malformation. The transcription of genes involved cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19a and CYP19b), estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ1 and ERβ2), and vitellogenin (VTG) was analyzed to evaluate the endocrine disrupting effects of NAs. Significant up-regulated gene expressions of CYP19b, ERα and VTG were observed in both OS-NAs and C-NAs groups, which indicated the deleteriously estrogenic potential of NAs. These results confirmed that NAs derived from crude petroleum could negatively impact the development and endocrine function of zebrafish, and be primarily responsible for the toxicity of OSPW.
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D061329:Oil and Gas Fields / Q000737:chemistry; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D062065:Wastewater; C046170:naphthenic acid
keywords: CYP19; VTG; embryotoxicity; estrogen receptor; naphthenic acids