title: Dietary intakes among South Asian adults differ by length of residence in the USA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether nutrient and food intakes among South Asian adult immigrants differ by length of residence in the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis to examine differences in nutrient and food intakes by length of residence in the USA. Dietary data were collected using an interviewer-administered, culturally appropriate FFQ, while self-reported length of residence was assessed using a questionnaire and modelled as tertiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hundred and seventy-four South Asians (mean age=55 (sd 9) years; 47 % women; range of length of residence in the USA=2-58 years), part of the baseline examination of the MASALA study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intakes of fat, including saturated and trans fats, dietary cholesterol and n-6 fatty acids, were directly associated with length of residence, while intakes of energy, carbohydrate, glycaemic index and load, protein, dietary fibre, folate and K were inversely associated with length of residence (P trend <0·05). A longer length of residence in the USA was also associated with higher intakes of alcoholic beverages, mixed dishes including pizza and pasta, fats and oils, and lower intakes of beans and lentils, breads, grains and flour products, milk and dairy products, rice, starchy vegetables and sugar, candy and jam (P for differences across groups <0·05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Length of residence in the USA influences diet and nutrient intakes among South Asian adult immigrants and should be considered when investigating and planning dietary interventions to mitigate chronic disease risk.
authors.affiliation: 1Center for Human Nutrition,Department of International Health,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,615 N. Wolfe Street,Room W2041,Baltimore,MD 21205,USA.
authors.forename: Sameera A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Talegawkar
authors.affiliation: 2Division of General Internal Medicine,Northwestern University,Chicago,IL,USA.
authors.forename: Namratha R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kandula
authors.affiliation: 3Division of General Internal Medicine,University of California,San Francisco,San Francisco,CA,USA.
authors.forename: Meghana D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gadgil
authors.affiliation: 4Population Health Research Institute,Hamilton Health Sciences,Hamilton,Ontario,Canada.
authors.forename: Dipika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: 3Division of General Internal Medicine,University of California,San Francisco,San Francisco,CA,USA.
authors.forename: Alka M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kanaya
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D066273:Diet, Western; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
keywords: Acculturation; Foods; Length of residence in USA; Nutrients; South Asians