title: Renoprotective Effect of Humic Acid on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: An Experimental Study in Rats.
abstract: Humic acid is an antioxidant molecule used in agriculture and livestock breeding, as well as in medicine. Our aim was to investigate the potential renoprotective effects of humic acid in a renal ischemia reperfusion model. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. Intraperitoneal serum or humic acid was injected at 1, 12, and 24 h. Non-ischemic group I was evaluated as sham. The left renal artery was clamped in serum (group II) and intraperitoneal humic acid (group III) to subject to left renal ischemic reperfusion procedure. Ischemia and reperfusion time was 60 min for each. Total antioxidant status, total oxidative status, oxidative stress index, and ischemia-modified albumin levels were analyzed biochemically from the serum samples. Kidneys were evaluated histopatologically and immunohistochemically. Biochemical results showed that total oxidative status, ischemia-modified albumin, and oxidative stress index levels were significantly decreased, but total antioxidant status was increased in the humic acid group (III) compared with the ischemia group (II) On histopathological examination, renal tubular dilatation, tubular cell damage and necrosis, dilatation of Bowman's capsule, hyaline casts, and tubular cell spillage were decreased in the humic acid group (III) compared with the ischemia group (II). Immunohistochemical results showed that apoptosis was deteriorated in group III. Renal ischemia reperfusion injury was attenuated by humic acid administration. These observations indicate that humic acid may have a potential therapeutic effect on renal ischemia reperfusion injury by preventing oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey. alpaslanakbas@comu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Alpaslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbas
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Coskun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat Tolga
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gulpinar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eyup Burak
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Sancak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sidika Seyma
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ozkanli
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek Ulker
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Cakir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006812:Humic Substances; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007673:Kidney Cortex Necrosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D006812:Humic Substances; D012709:Serum Albumin; C561522:ischemia-modified albumin; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
keywords: humic acid; ischemia reperfusion; kidney