title: Characterization of the Newly Isolated Lytic Bacteriophages KTN6 and KT28 and Their Efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm.
abstract: We here describe two novel lytic phages, KT28 and KTN6, infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from a sewage sample from an irrigated field near Wroclaw, in Poland. Both viruses show characteristic features of Pbunalikevirus genus within the Myoviridae family with respect to shape and size of head/tail, as well as LPS host receptor recognition. Genome analysis confirmed the similarity to other PB1-related phages, ranging between 48 and 96%. Pseudomonas phage KT28 has a genome size of 66,381 bp and KTN6 of 65,994 bp. The latent period, burst size, stability and host range was determined for both viruses under standard laboratory conditions. Biofilm eradication efficacy was tested on peg-lid plate assay and PET membrane surface. Significant reduction of colony forming units was observed (70-90%) in 24 h to 72 h old Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm cultures for both phages. Furthermore, a pyocyanin and pyoverdin reduction tests reveal that tested phages lowers the amount of both secreted dyes in 48-72 h old biofilms. Diffusion and goniometry experiments revealed the increase of diffusion rate through the biofilm matrix after phage application. These characteristics indicate these phages could be used to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and biofilm formation. It was also shown, that PB1-related phage treatment of biofilm caused the emergence of stable phage-resistant mutants growing as small colony variants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland; Division of Gene Technology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Danis-Wlodarczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olszak
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arabski
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Slawomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wasik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Majkowska-Skrobek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Augustyniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gula
authors.affiliation: Division of Gene Technology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Briers
authors.affiliation: Division of Gene Technology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ho Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Division of Gene Technology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vandenheuvel
authors.affiliation: Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.
authors.forename: Katarzyna Anna
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Duda
authors.affiliation: Division of Gene Technology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavigne
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Zuzanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Drulis-Kawa
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018441:Biofilms; D016679:Genome, Viral; D023281:Genomics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology*; D011991:Receptors, Virus
chemical_list: D011991:Receptors, Virus