title: Regulation of Photosynthesis during Abiotic Stress-Induced Photoinhibition.
abstract: Plants as sessile organisms are continuously exposed to abiotic stress conditions that impose numerous detrimental effects and cause tremendous loss of yield. Abiotic stresses, including high sunlight, confer serious damage on the photosynthetic machinery of plants. Photosystem II (PSII) is one of the most susceptible components of the photosynthetic machinery that bears the brunt of abiotic stress. In addition to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by abiotic stress, ROS can also result from the absorption of excessive sunlight by the light-harvesting complex. ROS can damage the photosynthetic apparatus, particularly PSII, resulting in photoinhibition due to an imbalance in the photosynthetic redox signaling pathways and the inhibition of PSII repair. Designing plants with improved abiotic stress tolerance will require a comprehensive understanding of ROS signaling and the regulatory functions of various components, including protein kinases, transcription factors, and phytohormones, in the responses of photosynthetic machinery to abiotic stress. Bioenergetics approaches, such as chlorophyll a transient kinetics analysis, have facilitated our understanding of plant vitality and the assessment of PSII efficiency under adverse environmental conditions. This review discusses the current understanding and indicates potential areas of further studies on the regulation of the photosynthetic machinery under abiotic stress.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook 712-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Mayank Anand
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gururani
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jelli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.affiliation: Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. Electronic address: son.tran@riken.jp.
authors.forename: Lam Son Phan
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Tran
mesh_terms: D008027:Light; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: abiotic stress; chlorophyll a; fluorescence; hormones; light-harvesting complex; photosynthesis