title: Transdentinal cytotoxicity of glutaraldehyde on odontoblast-like cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the transdentinal cytotoxicity of glutahaldehyde-containing solutions/materials on odontoblast-like cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dentin discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers. MDPC-23 cells were seeded on the pulpal side of the discs and the occlusal surface was treated with the following solutions: water, 2% glutaraldehyde (GA), 5% GA, 10% GA, Gluma Comfort Bond+Desensitizer (GCB+De) or Gluma Desensitizer (GDe). Cell viability and morphology were assessed by the Alamar Blue assay and SEM. The eluates were collected and applied on cells seeded in 24-well plates. After 7 or 14 days the total protein (TP) production, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and deposition of mineralized nodules (MN) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). GA solutions were not cytotoxic against MDPC-23. GCB+De (85.1%) and GDe (77.2%) reduced cell viability as well as TP production and ALP activity at both periods. After 14 days, GCB+De and GDe groups produced less MN. Affected MDPC-23 presented deformation of the cytoskeleton and reduction of cellular projections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment with 2.5%, 5% and 10% GA was not harmful to odontoblast-like cells. Conversely, when GA was combined with other components like HEMA, the final material became cytotoxic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glutaraldehyde has been used to decrease dentin hypersensitivity. This substance is also capable of preventing resin-dentin bond degradation by cross-linking collagen and MMPs. This study showed that GA might be safe when applied on acid etched dentin. However, when combined with HEMA the product becomes cytotoxic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora Lopes Salles
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Scheffel
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diana Gabriela
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Gonçalves
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CL-2112, Augusta, Georgia 30912-1129, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Souza Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pashley
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil. Electronic address: jhebling@foar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Josimeri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hebling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000633:toxicity*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Dentin; Glutaraldehyde; Hydroxyethylmetacrylate; Odontoblasts