title: The effect of vertebroplasty on costal pain related to osteoporotic thoracic compression fractures in elderly patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of vertebroplasty on costal pain which develops following osteoporotic thoracic compression fractures (OTCFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed the medical records of 35 patients who underwent vertebral augmentation for the treatment of OTCFs over a five year period. The patients were divided into two groups: the costalgia group included patientswho had costal pain after a vertebral fracture and the non-costalgia group included patients without costalgia. To evaluate the effect of vertebroplasty on costal pain and factors related to costal pain, several factors including: vertebral body fracture type, pedicle injury, bone mineral density, the fracture level and clinical outcome were confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging and chart reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 35 patients, ten patients (28.6%) complained of costal pain with back pain. Only five of the ten patients (50%) had improved costal pain after a vertebroplasty. In the remaining 5 patients, the costal pain was improved through the use of medication including pain killers or a costal block during the follow-up period. Although the incidence of wedge deformity in the costal group was low(10%), there was no significant relationship to the incidence of costal pain statistically. Pedicle injury, bone mineral density and the fracture level had no significant relation to costal pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients with wedge type, OTCFs may have a low incidence of costal pain as compared to those patients with bi-concave and crush deformities. The vertebroplasty effect on costal pain may not be effective. Therefore, before doing vertebroplasty, the surgeon should advise patients of this potential outcome in those treated for OTCFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Il San Paik Hospital, Il San, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Intercostal Nerves; Osteoporosis; Spinal Fractures; Vertebroplasty