title: Elution of monomer from different bulk fill dental composite resins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the elution of Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA, and Bis-EMA monomers from six bulk fill composite resins over four different time periods, using HPLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six different composite resin materials were used in the present study: Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent, Amherst, NY), X-tra Fill (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), Sonic Fill (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA), Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE Dental Product, St. Paul, MN), SDR (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany), EQUIA (GC America INC, Alsip, IL). The samples (4mm thickness, 5mm diameter) were prepared and polymerized for 20s with a light emitted diode unit. After fabrication, each sample was immediately immersed in 75wt% ethanol/water solution used as extraction fluid and stored in the amber colored bottles at room temperature. Ethanol/water samples were taken (0.5mL) at predefined time intervals:10m (T1), 1h (T2), 24h (T3) and 30 days (T4). These samples were analyzed by HPLC. The obtained data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD at significance level of p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amount of eluted Bis-EMA and Bis-GMA from Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill and amount of eluted TEGDMA and HEMA from X-tra Fill higher than others composites (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residual monomers were eluted from bulk fill composite resins in all time periods and the amount of eluted monomers was increased with time.
authors.affiliation: Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bolu, Turkey. Electronic address: atacebe014@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ata
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cebe
authors.affiliation: Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bolu, Turkey. Electronic address: fkahveci61@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cebe
authors.affiliation: Akdeniz University, Food Safety and Agricultural Research Center, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: fcengiz@akdeniz.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.affiliation: Selcuk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Konya, Turkey. Electronic address: alirizacetin@selcuk.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ali Rıza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: ofarpag@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Osman Fatih
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Arpag
authors.affiliation: Selcuk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Konya, Turkey. Electronic address: bozturk75@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozturk
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C000614715:EQUIA composite; C000614713:Filtek Bulk Fill; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C000614714:SDR composite; C000612966:Sonic Fil; C501891:Tetric EvoCeram; C529733:X-tra fil composite resin; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate
keywords: Bulk fill composite resin; Elution; HPLC; Residual monomer