title: Rational Design and Facial Synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3@C Nanocomposites Using Carbon with Different Dimensions for Ultrahigh-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries.
abstract: Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP) particles dispersed in different inorganic carbons (LVP@C) have been successfully synthesized via an in situ synthesis method. The inorganic carbon materials with different dimensions including zero-dimensional Super P (SP) nanospheres, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs), two-dimensional graphene nanosheets, and three-dimensional graphite particles. The effects of carbon dimensions on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of LVP@C composites have been systematically investigated. The carbon materials can maintain their original morphology even after oxidation (by NH4VO3) and high-temperature sintering (850 °C). LVP@CNT exhibits the best electrochemical performances among all of the samples. At an ultrahigh discharge rate of 100C, it presents a discharge capacity of 91.94 mAh g(-1) (69.13% of its theoretical capacity) and maintains 79.82% of its original capacity even after 382 cycles. Its excellent electrochemical performance makes LVP@CNT a promising cathode candidate for lithium-ion batteries.
authors.affiliation: †Energy and Environmental Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.|‡Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wen-feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: †Energy and Environmental Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Yan-bao
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: †Energy and Environmental Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: †Energy and Environmental Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: †Energy and Environmental Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Yi-ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Dechao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: §McNair Technology Company, Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong 523700, China.
authors.forename: Xin-he
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: §McNair Technology Company, Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong 523700, China.
authors.forename: Deyang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: †Energy and Environmental Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Gao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: †Energy and Environmental Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Vincent S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi-yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Tang
keywords: cathode; inorganic carbon; lithium-ion battery; lithium−vanadium phosphate