title: Development of malaria transmission-blocking vaccines: from concept to product.
abstract: Despite decades of effort battling against malaria, the disease is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) that target sexual stage parasite development could be an integral part of measures for malaria elimination. In the 1950s, Huff et al. first demonstrated the induction of transmission-blocking immunity in chickens by repeated immunizations with Plasmodium gallinaceum-infected red blood cells. Since then, significant progress has been made in identification of parasite antigens responsible for transmission-blocking activity. Recombinant technologies accelerated evaluation of these antigens as vaccine candidates, and it is possible to induce effective transmission-blocking immunity in humans both by natural infection and now by immunization with recombinant vaccines. This chapter reviews the efforts to produce TBVs, summarizes the current status and advances and discusses the remaining challenges and approaches.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: The Jenner Institute, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sinden
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Churcher
authors.affiliation: Division of Malaria Research, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, DE, USA.
authors.forename: Vidadi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yusibov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D009033:Culicidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000592:standards; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D015800:Protozoan Proteins
keywords: Malaria; Transmission-blocking; Vaccine