title: Swirl Flow Bioreactor coupled with Cu-alginate beads: A system for the eradication of Coliform and Escherichia coli from biological effluents.
abstract: It is estimated that approximately 1.1 billion people globally drink unsafe water. We previously reported both a novel copper-alginate bead, which quickly reduces pathogen loading in waste streams and the incorporation of these beads into a novel swirl flow bioreactor (SFB), of low capital and running costs and of simple construction from commercially available plumbing pipes and fittings. The purpose of the present study was to trial this system for pathogen reduction in waste streams from an operating Dewats system in Hinjewadi, Pune, India and in both simulated and real waste streams in Seattle, Washington, USA. The trials in India, showed a complete inactivation of coliforms in the discharged effluent (Mean Log removal Value (MLRV) = 3.51), accompanied by a total inactivation of E. coli with a MLRV of 1.95. The secondary clarifier effluent also showed a 4.38 MLRV in viable coliforms during treatment. However, the system was slightly less effective in reducing E. coli viability, with a MLRV of 1.80. The trials in Seattle also demonstrated the efficacy of the system in the reduction of viable bacteria, with a LRV of 5.67 observed of viable Raoultella terrigena cells (100%).
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Sov
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.affiliation: PML Applications, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Simon F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Protein Technologies Ltd, Williams House, Lloyd St North, Manchester M15 6SE, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bransgrove
authors.affiliation: PML Applications, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: PriMove Infrastructure Development Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Paud Road, Pune, 411 038, India.
authors.forename: Ajeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oak
authors.affiliation: The Sewage Treatment Plant, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjewadi, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bansode
authors.affiliation: PriMove Infrastructure Development Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Paud Road, Pune, 411 038, India.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patankar
authors.affiliation: Cascade Designs, Inc. 4000 First Avenue South, Seattle, Washington, 98134, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.affiliation: Cascade Designs, Inc. 4000 First Avenue South, Seattle, Washington, 98134, USA.
authors.forename: Marissa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Beaumont Design, 232 Pouli Road, Kailua, Hawaii, 96734, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whitesell
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D012722:Sewage; D003300:Copper; D020723:Glucuronic Acid