title: Report-Isolation identification and control of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) has been reported from many parts of the world including Asian countries. Hence, main objective of study was to evaluate the possible occurrence of VRSA in hospitals of Lahore city and to ensure the effectiveness of various substitute therapeutic options. A total of 150 samples of pus/wounds were collected from three hospitals of the city and VRSA were isolated and confirmed through recommended method of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Out of 51 (49.04%) methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, 5 (9.8%) were found resistant to vancomycin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Linezolid (LZD), Moxifloxacin (MFX) and Clindamycin (CD) were calculated against VRSA isolates by broth microdilution test. All 5 (100%) isolates were susceptible to Linezolid and Clindamycin, while 4 (80%) were susceptible to Moxifloxacin. Ethanolic extracts of Turmeric, Mint, Coriander, Garlic, Kalonji, Cinnamon and Cloves illustrate average MIC values of 140.8 μg/mL, 563.2 μg/mL, 486.4 μg/mL, 614.4 μg/mL, 409.6 μg/mL, 281.6 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, respectively against 5 VRSA strains. Concentration dependent increase in growth inhibition zones of ethanolic plant extract was recorded by agar well diffusion test. This study was helpful to find out the effective antibiotic against VRSA. Plant extracts encompass anti-staphylococcal activity and this finding demands necessity of further exploration of potential found in these natural herb.
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Shah Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fakhra
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liaqat
authors.forename: Ali Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Shah Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Jawad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Shah Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tanveer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Shah Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabbani
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Shah Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Arfat Yousaf
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Shah Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muhammad
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D030024:Curcuma; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005737:Garlic; D006801:Humans; D000069349:Linezolid; D027541:Mentha; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D031881:Nigella sativa; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010154:Pakistan; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D027842:Syzygium; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002981:Clindamycin; D000069349:Linezolid; D000077266:Moxifloxacin