title: Pseudogene-Expressed RNAs: Emerging Roles in Gene Regulation and Disease.
abstract: Pseudogenes have for long been considered as non-functional relics littering the human genome. Only now, it is becoming apparent that many pseudogenes are transcribed into long noncoding RNAs, some with proven biological functions. Here, we review the current knowledge of pseudogenes and their widespread functional properties with an emphasis on pseudogenes that have been functionally investigated in greater detail. Pseudogenes are emerging as a novel class of long noncoding RNAs functioning, for example, through microRNA sponging and chromatin remodeling. The examples discussed herein underline that pseudogene-encoded RNAs are important regulatory molecules involved in diseases such as cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grandér
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden. per.a.johnsson@ki.se.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnsson
mesh_terms: D025741:HMGA1a Protein / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics; D011544:Pseudogenes / Q000502:physiology*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D025741:HMGA1a Protein; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase