title: Pharmacokinetics and the optimal regimen for levofloxacin in critically ill patients receiving continuous hemodiafiltration.
abstract: The aim of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin (LVFX) and determine the optimal dose of this drug in critically ill patients receiving continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF). The results of in vivo and in vitro studies showed the pharmacokinetics of LVFX total clearance (CLtotal) according to the creatinine clearance (CLCre), dialysate flow (QD), and ultrafiltrate flow (QF), to be as follows: CLtotal (l/h) = 0.0836 × CLCre (ml/min) + 0.013 × body weight (kg) + 0.94(QD + QF) (l/h). The optimal dose of LVFX was expressed by the following formula: 50 × CLtotal. These results demonstrate that the usual dose of LVFX (500 mg) was sufficient for the patients evaluated in this study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan.
authors.forename: Asumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizugaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katabami
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan.
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagida
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan.
authors.forename: Mineji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan ; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648 Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gando
keywords: Clearance; Continuous hemodiafiltration; Levofloxacin; Pharmacokinetics