title: Ocean plankton. Patterns and ecological drivers of ocean viral communities.
abstract: Viruses influence ecosystems by modulating microbial population size, diversity, metabolic outputs, and gene flow. Here, we use quantitative double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viral-fraction metagenomes (viromes) and whole viral community morphological data sets from 43 Tara Oceans expedition samples to assess viral community patterns and structure in the upper ocean. Protein cluster cataloging defined pelagic upper-ocean viral community pan and core gene sets and suggested that this sequence space is well-sampled. Analyses of viral protein clusters, populations, and morphology revealed biogeographic patterns whereby viral communities were passively transported on oceanic currents and locally structured by environmental conditions that affect host community structure. Together, these investigations establish a global ocean dsDNA viromic data set with analyses supporting the seed-bank hypothesis to explain how oceanic viral communities maintain high local diversity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: J Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ignacio-Espinoza
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics Section, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, UMR8197, INSERM U1024, 75230 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Guilhem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Doulcier
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Acinas
authors.affiliation: Genoscope, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Génomique, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaffron
authors.affiliation: Genoscope, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Génomique, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruaud
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
authors.forename: Colomban
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Vargas
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gasol
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, Uiversité Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gorsky
authors.affiliation: Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Ann C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, Uiversité Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hingamp
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iudicone
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Not
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pesant
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Poulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwenck
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physique des Océans, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO-IUEM), Place Copernic, 29820 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Speich
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dimier
authors.affiliation: Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kandels-Lewis
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, Uiversité Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picheral
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, Uiversité Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Searson
authors.affiliation: Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbrück-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Peer
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bork
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bowler
authors.affiliation: Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunagawa
authors.affiliation: Genoscope, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Génomique, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France. Université d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wincker
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. mbsulli@gmail.com karsenti@embl.de.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karsenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mbsulli@gmail.com karsenti@embl.de.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D055669:Ecological and Environmental Phenomena; D017753:Ecosystem; D054892:Metagenome / Q000235:genetics; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010933:Plankton / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000821:virology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins