title: Divergent functions of fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 genes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
abstract: Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1) is a novel FGF receptor (FGFR) lacking an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. FGFRs control the proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells in various tissues. However the functions of FGFRL1 in teleost fish are currently unknown. In this study, we report the identification of two fgfrl1 genes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) that share 56% amino acid sequence identity. Both fgfrl1a and 1b were transcribed throughout embryogenesis, and mRNA levels were particularly high during somitogenesis. Using in situ hybridization, fgfrl1a transcripts were detected in notochord, somites, brain and eye at 14, 24 and 36 h post fertilization (hpf). In contrast, fgfrl1b was transcribed mainly in the endoderm at 14 hpf, in the gut and proctodeum at 24 hpf, and in the lens, pharyngeal arch and proctodeum at 36 hpf. In adult fish, fgfrl1a was abundantly expressed in heart, brain and muscle, while fgfrl1b was expressed strongly in eye, muscle and gill. Furthermore, both genes were significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated in muscle and brain during starvation and returned to normal levels rapidly after re-feeding. Exogenous treatment with different doses of human growth hormone down-regulated the expression of both genes in brain and muscle (p<0.05). These results suggest that Fgfrl1a and 1b play divergent roles in regulating growth and development in grass carp.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Si-Tong
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China. Electronic address: jiangxy@shou.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xia-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China. Electronic address: smzou@shou.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shu-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020440:Gene Duplication; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009752:Nutritional Status; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D019382:Human Growth Hormone
keywords: Fgfrl1; Gene duplication; Grass carp; Growth hormone; Starvation