title: Taxifolin mitigates oxidative DNA damage in vitro and protects zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos against cadmium toxicity.
abstract: Taxifolin (TAX) is a natural source of bioflavonoid found in various conifers. In this study, initially we investigated the antioxidant potential of TAX under in vitro assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric-ion reducing power (FRAP) and hydroxyl radical (OH). The activities of DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and OH radical levels were significantly inhibited by TAX with an IC50 values of 16.48, 66.34, 18.17 and 11.42μg/ml, respectively. Secondly, TAX exhibited a strong protection against OH mediated DNA damage on pUC19 plasmid DNA at 1.0μg/ml. Finally, we evaluated the protective mechanism of TAX against cadmium intoxicated zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). We found that embryos exposed to 100μM Cd exhibited significantly reduced survival, delayed hatching and phenotypic abnormalities at 24, 48, 72 and 96hours post fertilization (hpf). Similarly, Cd intoxicated embryos showed significantly increased cardiac function (131beats/min) at 60hpf. Conversely, treatment with TAX (0.1, 1.0 and 10μM) significantly enhanced the antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT, GPx and GR) by reducing the lipid peroxidation (MDA) in zebrafish embryos. Collectively, our results concluded that TAX could act as a potent redox scavenger against oxidative DNA damage and also functions as a crucial suppressor of Cd toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: biomani1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Krishnan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manigandan
authors.affiliation: Harborview Research & Training Building, University of Washington School of Medicine. Electronic address: richardljayaraj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jayaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: kjagatheesh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kaliaperumal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jagatheesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: elangovannn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Namasivayam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elangovan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002104:Cadmium; D011794:Quercetin; C003377:taxifolin
keywords: Antioxidants; Cadmium; DNA damage protection; Oxidative stress; Taxifolin; Zebrafish embryo