title: Immunohistochemical analysis of paraoxonases and chemokines in arteries of patients with peripheral artery disease.
abstract: Oxidative damage to lipids and lipoproteins is implicated in the development of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including peripheral artery disease (PAD). The paraoxonases (PON) are a group of antioxidant enzymes, termed PON1, PON2, and PON3 that protect lipoproteins and cells from peroxidation and, as such, may be involved in protection against the atherosclerosis process. PON1 inhibits the production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in endothelial cells incubated with oxidized lipoproteins. PON1 and CCL2 are ubiquitously distributed in tissues, and this suggests a joint localization and combined systemic effect. The aim of the present study has been to analyze the quantitative immunohistochemical localization of PON1, PON3, CCL2 and CCL2 receptors in a series of patients with severe PAD. Portions of femoral and/or popliteal arteries from 66 patients with PAD were obtained during surgical procedures for infra-inguinal limb revascularization. We used eight normal arteries from donors as controls. PON1 and PON3, CCL2 and the chemokine-binding protein 2, and Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor, were increased in PAD patients. There were no significant changes in C-C chemokine receptor type 2. Our findings suggest that paraoxonases and chemokines play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in peripheral artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain. anna.hernandeza@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Aguilera
authors.affiliation: Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain. juliosepulvedag@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sepúlveda
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain. esther.rodriguez@grupsagessa.com.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Gallego
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain. maria.guirro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guirro
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain. ghanabel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Heredia
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain. noemi.cabre@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cabré
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain. fedra.luciano@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fedra
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luciano-Mateo
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain. ifort@lrsud.cat.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fort-Gallifa
authors.affiliation: Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain. vparedero.hj23.ics@gencat.cat.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martín-Paredero
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain. jorge.joven@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joven
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain. jcamps@grupsagessa.com.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camps
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human; C113656:PON3 protein, human
keywords: CCL2; chemokine receptors; chemokines; immunohistochemistry; paraoxonases