title: Comparison between uroflowmetry and sonouroflowmetry in recording of urinary flow in healthy men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of sonouroflowmetry in recording urinary flow parameters and voided volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 healthy male volunteers (age 18-63 years) were included in the study. All participants were asked to carry out uroflowmetry synchronous with recording of the sound generated by the urine stream hitting the water level in the urine collection receptacle, using a dedicated cell phone. From 188 recordings, 34 were excluded, because of voided volume <150 mL or technical problems during recording. Sonouroflowmetry recording was visualized in a form of a trace, representing sound intensity over time. Subsequently, the matching datasets of uroflowmetry and sonouroflowmetry were compared with respect to flow time, voided volume, maximum flow rate and average flow rate. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to compare parameters recorded by uroflowmetry with those calculated based on sonouroflowmetry recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The flow pattern recorded by sonouroflowmetry showed a good correlation with the uroflowmetry trace. A strong correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.87) was documented between uroflowmetry-recorded flow time and duration of the sound signal recorded with sonouroflowmetry. A moderate correlation was observed in voided volume (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.68) and average flow rate (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.57). A weak correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.38) between maximum flow rate recorded using uroflowmetry and sonouroflowmetry-recorded peak sound intensity was documented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that the basic concept utilizing sound analysis for estimation of urinary flow parameters and voided volume is valid. However, further development of this technology and standardization of recording algorithm are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic.|Department of Surgical Studies, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krhut
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gärtner
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sýkora
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, Centre of Excellence IT4Innovations, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hurtík
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, Centre of Excellence IT4Innovations, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Libor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luňáček
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Katarína
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zvarová
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Studies, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic.|Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zvara
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013016:Sound; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D014556:Urine / Q000502:physiology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: sound recording; urinary flow; voided volume; wireless data transfer