title: Variants of Base Excision Repair Genes MUTYH , PARP1 and XRCC1 in Alzheimer's Disease Risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many clinical studies have shown that oxidative stress pathways and the efficiency of the oxidative DNA damage base excision repair (BER) system are associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Reduced BER efficiency may result from polymorphisms of BER-related genes. In the present study, we examine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BER genes are associated with increased risk of AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  SNP genotyping was carried out on DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 120 patients with AD and 110 healthy volunteers. Samples were genotyped for the presence of BER-related SNPs, i.e. XRCC1-rs1799782, rs25487; MUTYH-rs3219489, and PARP1-rs1136410.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a positive association between AD risk and the presence of G/A genotype variant of the XRCC1 rs25487 polymorphism [odds ratio (OR) = 3.762, 95% CI: 1.793-7.891]. The presence of the A/A genotype of this polymorphism reduced the risk of AD (OR = 0.485, 95% CI: 0.271-0.870). In cases of the PARP1 gene rs1136410 polymorphism, we observed that the T/C variant increases (OR = 4.159, 95% CI: 1.978-8.745) while the T/T variant reduces risk (OR = 0.240, 95% CI: 0.114-0.556) of AD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that BER gene polymorphisms may play an important role in the etiology of AD. Diagnosing the presence or absence of particular genetic variants may be an important marker of AD. Further research on a larger population is needed. There is also a need to examine polymorphisms of other BER in the context of AD risk.
authors.affiliation: University of Lodz Department of Molecular Genetics, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Czarny
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galecki
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bachurska
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talarowska
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orzechowska
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bobińska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bielecka-Kowalska
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pietras
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szemraj
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sliwinski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016017:Odds Ratio; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C061738:mutY adenine glycosylase