title: DNA-mediated gold nanoparticle signal transducers for combinatorial logic operations and heavy metal ions sensing.
abstract: Herein, the structure of two DNA strands which are complementary except fourteen T-T and C-C mismatches was programmed for the design of the combinatorial logic operation by utilizing the different protective capacities of single chain DNA, part-hybridized DNA and completed-hybridized DNA on unmodified gold nanoparticles. In the presence of either Hg(2+) or Ag(+), the T-Hg(2+)-T or C-Ag(+)-C coordination chemistry could lead to the formation of part-hybridized DNA which keeps gold nanoparticles from clumping after the addition of 40 μL 0.2M NaClO4 solution, but the protection would be screened by 120 μL 0.2M NaClO4 solution. While the coexistence of Hg(2+), Ag(+) caused the formation of completed-hybridized DNA and the protection for gold nanoparticles lost in either 40 μL or 120 μL NaClO4 solutions. Benefiting from sharing of the same inputs of Hg(2+) and Ag(+), OR and AND logic gates were easily integrated into a simple colorimetric combinatorial logic operation in one system, which make it possible to execute logic gates in parallel to mimic arithmetic calculations on a binary digit. Furthermore, two other logic gates including INHIBIT1 and INHIBIT2 were realized to integrated with OR logic gate both for simultaneous qualitative discrimination and quantitative determination of Hg(2+) and Ag(+). Results indicate that the developed logic system based on the different protective capacities of DNA structure on gold nanoparticles provides a new pathway for the design of the combinatorial logic operation in one system and presents a useful strategy for development of advanced sensors, which may have potential applications in multiplex chemical analysis and molecular-scale computer design.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Yuhuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Shaoxuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Wenxin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Daohong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Yanru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address: wanglong79@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jianlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002412:Cations / Q000032:analysis; D039301:Computers, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold; D004247:DNA; D008628:Mercury
keywords: Gold nanoparticles; Logic gates; Metal ions; Part-hybridized DNA