title: Phylogeny of type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) in fungal entomopathogens and expression analysis of PKS genes in Beauveria bassiana BCC 2660.
abstract: Entomopathogenic fungi are able to invade and kill insects. Various secondary metabolites can mediate the interaction of a fungal pathogen with an insect host and also help the fungus compete with other microbes. Here we screened 23 isolates of entomopathogenic fungi for polyketide synthase (PKS) genes and amplified 72 PKS gene fragments using degenerate PCR. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of conserved ketosynthase and acyltransferase regions in these 72 sequences and 72 PKSs identified from four insect fungal genome sequences. The resulting genealogy indicated 47 orthologous groups with 99-100 % bootstrap support, suggesting shared biosynthesis of identical or closely related compounds from different fungi. Three insect-specific groups were identified among the PKSs in reducing clades IIa, IIb, and III, which comprised PKSs from 12, 9, and 30 fungal isolates, respectively. A IIa-IIb pair could be found in seven fungi. Expression analyses revealed that eleven out of twelve PKS genes identified in Beauveria bassiana BCC 2660 were expressed in culture. PKS genes from insect-specific clades IIa and IIb were expressed only in insect-containing medium, while others were expressed only in PDB or in CYB, PDB and SDY. The data suggest the potential production of several polyketides in culture.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Juntira
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Punya
authors.affiliation: School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pratchya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Swangmaneecharern
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suparat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinsupa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology, Assumption University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pornpen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nitistaporn
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suranat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phonghanpot
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology, Assumption University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand.
authors.forename: Viyada
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kunathigan
authors.affiliation: School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supapon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheevadhanarak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology, Assumption University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand.
authors.forename: Morakot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanticharoen
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: alongkorn@biotec.or.th.
authors.forename: Alongkorn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amnuaykanjanasin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000382:microbiology; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D048630:Polyketide Synthases / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D048630:Polyketide Synthases
keywords: Entomopathogenic fungus; Gene expression; Phylogenetic analysis; Polyketide