title: Aspirin and statin use and the subsequent development of depression in men and women: Results from a longitudinal population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low-grade chronic inflammation is one potential mechanism underlying the well-established association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Both aspirin and statins have anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to their preventive effect on cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies on the potentially preventive effect of these drugs on depression have provided inconsistent results. The aim of the present paper was to assess the prospective association between regular aspirin or statin use and the incidence of MDD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective cohort study included 1631 subjects (43.6% women, mean age 51.7 years), randomly selected from the general population of an urban area. Subjects underwent a thorough physical evaluation as well as semi-structured interviews investigating DSM-IV mental disorders at baseline and follow-up (mean duration 5.2 years). Analyses were adjusted for a wide array of potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our main finding was that regular aspirin or statin use at baseline did not reduce the incidence of MDD during follow-up, regardless of sex or age (hazard ratios, aspirin: 1.19; 95%CI, 0.68-2.08; and statins: 1.25; 95%CI, 0.73-2.14; respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is not a randomized clinical trial and could not adjust for all potential confounding factors, information on aspirin or statin use was collected only for the 6 months prior to the evaluations, and the sample was restricted to subjects between 35 and 66 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data do not support a large scale preventive treatment of depression using aspirin or statins in subjects aged from 35 to 66 years from the community.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly, Switzerland; Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Site de Belle-Idée, Chêne-Bourg, CH-1225 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glaus
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly, Switzerland. Electronic address: Caroline.Vandeleur@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Caroline L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Vandeleur
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aurélie M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lasserre
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre F
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Strippoli
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castelao
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gholam-Rezaee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Bâtiment hospitalier, Rue du Bugnon 46 CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waeber
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Site de Belle-Idée, Chêne-Bourg, CH-1225 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Bâtiment hospitalier, Rue du Bugnon 46 CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vollenweider
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Preisig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: Aspirin; Inflammation; Longitudinal study; Major depressive disorder; Population-based study; Statins