title: Prediction of prostate cancer recurrence using quantitative phase imaging.
abstract: The risk of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer among individuals who undergo radical prostatectomy for treatment is around 25%. Current clinical methods often fail at successfully predicting recurrence among patients at intermediate risk for recurrence. We used a label-free method, spatial light interference microscopy, to perform localized measurements of light scattering in prostatectomy tissue microarrays. We show, for the first time to our knowledge, that anisotropy of light scattering in the stroma immediately adjoining cancerous glands can be used to identify patients at higher risk for recurrence. The data show that lower value of anisotropy corresponds to a higher risk for recurrence, meaning that the stroma adjoining the glands of recurrent patients is more fractionated than in non-recurrent patients. Our method outperformed the widely accepted clinical tool CAPRA-S in the cases we interrogated irrespective of Gleason grade, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage. These results suggest that QPI shows promise in assisting pathologists to improve prediction of prostate cancer recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Shamira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sridharan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Virgilia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Christie Clinic, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1400 W. Park Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Krishnarao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tangella
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kajdacsy-Balla
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Popescu
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008857:Microscopy, Interference; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen