title: Effect of spinning workouts on affect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous physical exercises trigger positive changes in affect after relatively short workouts. Spinning, also known as indoor-cycling, is a very popular form of exercise, especially among women, but its impact on affect have not been examined to date.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the current work was to investigate the possible benefits of spinning on affect in self-controlled and in instructor-led exercise sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using baseline measures and pre- to post-exercise design with a psychometrically validated questionnaire, the net effects of spinning (without music) on positive- and negative-affect were measured in two exercise conditions: (1) self-controlled workout (i.e. without an instructor) and (2) instructor-led workout. After both conditions, 18 women rated the extent which they enjoyed the exercise session on a 10-point Likert scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings revealed that positive affect increased while negative affect decreased after both workouts. Exerted effort, measured through the heart rate, did not differ between the two conditions. However, participants enjoyed more the instructor-led exercise session than the self-regulated workout (effect size, Cohen's d = 0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research reveals that spinning improves post-exercise affect, even without music and regardless of instructor's presence. Therefore, it demonstrates the net benefits of this popular exercise on affect.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gáspár
authors.forename: Nikolett
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radványi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001642:Bicycling / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Endurance training; exercise performance; motivation; physical activity; training