title: New approaches in vaccine-based immunotherapy for human papillomavirus-induced cancer.
abstract: The identification of human papillomavirus as the etiological factor for cervical cancer provides an opportunity to treat these malignancies by vaccination. Although therapeutic vaccination against viral oncogenes regularly induces a specific T cell response, clinical effectivity remains low. Three factors are particularly important for clinical outcome: the balance between cytotoxic T cells and regulatory immune subsets, the balance between cytotoxic T cells and tumor cells and finally the killing efficiency of cytotoxic T cells within the tumor. To improve these three factors, therapeutic vaccination is combined with other treatments. Here, we review those studies that are based on understanding the inhibitory mechanisms that prevent unleashing the full power of therapeutic vaccine-induced T cells and utilize combinatorial interventions based on these insights.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tetje C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: van der Sluis
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, LUMC, 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjoerd H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: van der Burg
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arens
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC, The Netherlands; ISA Pharmaceuticals, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: C.melief@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Cornelis J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Melief
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D019496:Cancer Vaccines