title: Effects of paracrine factors on CD24 expression and neural differentiation of male germline stem cells.
abstract: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are adult male germ cells that develop after birth. Throughout the lifetime of an organism, SSCs sustain spermatogenesis through self-renewal and produce daughter cells that differentiate into spermatozoa. Several studies have demonstrated that SSCs can acquire pluripotency under appropriate culture conditions, thus becoming multipotent germline stem cells (mGSCs) that express markers of pluripotency in culture and form teratomas following transplantation into immunodeficient mice. In the present study, we generated neural precursor cells expressing CD24, a neural precursor marker, from pluripotent stem cell lines and demonstrated that these cells effectively differentiated along a neural lineage in vitro. In addition, we found that paracrine factors promoted CD24 expression during the neural differentiation of mGSCs. Our results indicated that the expression of CD24, enhanced by a combination of retinoic acid (RA), noggin and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) under serum-free conditions promoted neural precursor differentiation. Using a simple cell sorting method, we were able to collect neural precursor cells with the potential to differentiate from mGSCs into mature neurons and astrocytes in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bang-Jin
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-An
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Jung
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Seon
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Byung-Gak
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Ri
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Buom-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013093:Spermatogonia / Q000166:cytology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D051927:CD24 Antigen; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; C497890:Cd24a protein, mouse; C496457:Fgf8 protein, mouse; C465570:Shh protein, mouse