title: Effectiveness of universal parental support interventions addressing children's dietary habits, physical activity and bodyweight: A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The evidence regarding effectiveness of parental support interventions targeting children's health behaviours is weak. We aimed to review: 1) effectiveness of universal parental support interventions to promote dietary habits, physical activity (PA) or prevent overweight and obesity among children 2-18years and 2) effectiveness in relation to family socio-economic position.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty five studies from 1990 to 2013 were identified from major databases. Quality was assessed by four criteria accounting for selection and attrition bias, fidelity to intervention, and outcome measurement methodology, categorizing studies as strong, moderate or weak.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four intervention types were identified: face-to-face counselling, group education, information sent home, and telephone counselling. Face-to-face or telephone counselling was effective in changing children's diet, while there was only weak evidence for improvement in PA. Sending home information was not effective. Concerning body weight, group education seemed more promising than counselling. Intervention effectiveness was generally higher in younger compared to older children. In groups with low socio-economic position, group-based approaches appeared promising.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the future efforts should be made to improve reporting of intervention content, include a power calculation for the main outcome, the use of high quality outcome assessment methodology, and a follow-up period of at least 6months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: manzur.kader@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Manzur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kader
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Box 1497, 171 29 Solna, Sweden. Electronic address: elinor.sundblom@sll.se.
authors.forename: Elinor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sundblom
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Box 1497, 171 29 Solna, Sweden. Electronic address: liselotte.schafer-elinder@ki.se.
authors.forename: Liselotte Schäfer
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Elinder
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012923:Social Class; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Counselling; Group education; Information; Obesity; Sedentary behaviour; Socioeconomic status