title: Optimal flushing agents for integrated optical and acoustic imaging systems.
abstract: An increasing number of integrated optical and acoustic intravascular imaging systems have been developed and hold great promise for accurately diagnosing vulnerable plaques and guiding atherosclerosis treatment. However, in any intravascular environment, the vascular lumen is filled with blood, a high-scattering source for optical and high-frequency ultrasound signals. Blood must be flushed away to provide clearer images. To our knowledge, no research has been performed to find the ideal flushing agent for combined optical and acoustic imaging techniques. We selected three solutions as potential flushing agents for their image-enhancing effects: mannitol, dextran, and iohexol. Testing of these flushing agents was performed in a closed-loop circulation model and in vivo on rabbits. We found that a high concentration of dextran was the most useful for simultaneous intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography imaging.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92617, United StatesbUniversity of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California 92697-2700, United States.
authors.forename: Jiawen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California 92697-2700, United States.
authors.forename: Hataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, California 92868, United States.
authors.forename: Earl
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steward
authors.affiliation: NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, California 92868, United States.
authors.forename: Dilbahar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mohar
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California 92697-2700, United States.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shung
authors.affiliation: NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.
authors.forename: Qifa
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, California 92868, United States.
authors.forename: Pranav
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92617, United StatesbUniversity of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California 92697-2700, United States.
authors.forename: Zhongping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003911:Dextrans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007472:Iohexol; D008353:Mannitol; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D008353:Mannitol; D007472:Iohexol