title: [Delayed complications after pancreatic surgery: Pancreatic insufficiency, malabsorption syndrome, pancreoprivic diabetes mellitus and pseudocysts].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Benign and malignant pathologies of the pancreas can result in a relevant chronic disease burden. This is aggravated by morbidities resulting from surgical resections as well as from progression of the underlying condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to summarize the current evidence regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, as well as of pancreatic pseudocysts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A selective literature search was performed and a summary of the currently available data on the surgical sequelae after pancreatic resection is given.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduction of healthy pancreatic parenchyma down to 10-15 % leads to exocrine insufficiency with malabsorption and gastrointestinal complaints. Orally substituted pancreatic enzymes are the therapy of choice. Loss of pancreatic islets and/or islet function leads to endocrine insufficiency and pancreoprivic diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory, traumatic and iatrogenic injuries of the pancreas can lead to pancreatic pseudocysts, which require endoscopic, interventional or surgical drainage if symptomatic. Finally, pancreatic surgery harbors the long-term risk of gastrointestinal anastomotic ulcers, bile duct stenosis, portal vein thrombosis and chronic pain syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the evidence is limited, an interdisciplinary and individually tailored approach for delayed pancreatic morbidity is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nitsche
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siveke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friess
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleeff
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010188:Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D010192:Pancreatic Pseudocyst / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*