title: Interesterified fat or palm oil as substitutes for partially hydrogenated fat during the perinatal period produces changes in the brain fatty acids profile and increases leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the cerebral microcirculation from the male offspring in adult life.
abstract: We investigated whether maternal intake of normolipidic diets with distinct fatty acid (FA) compositions alters the lipidic profile and influences the inflammatory status of the adult offsprings׳ brains. C57BL/6 female mice during pregnancy and lactation received diets containing either soybean oil (CG), partially hydrogenated vegetable fat rich in trans-fatty acids (TG), palm oil (PG), or interesterified fat (IG). After weaning, male offspring from all groups received control diet. The FA profile was measured in the offspring׳s brains at post-natal days 21 and 90. Brain functional capillary density as well as leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the cerebral post-capillary venules was assessed by intravital fluorescence microscopy at post-natal day 90. Inflammation signaling was evaluated through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) content in brain of the adult offspring. In the 21-day old offspring, the brains of the TG showed higher levels of trans FA and reduced levels of linoleic acid (LA) and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). At post-natal day 90, TG and IG groups showed reduced levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and total n-3 PUFA tended to be lower compared to CG. The offspring׳s brains exhibited an altered microcirculation with increased leukocyte rolling in groups TG, PG and IG and in TG group increased leukocyte adhesion. The TLR4 content of TG, IG and PG groups only tended to increase (23%; 20% and 35%, respectively). Maternal consumption of trans FA, palm oil or interesterified fat during pregnancy and lactation can trigger the initial steps of inflammatory pathways in the brain of offspring in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Misan
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Investigação Cardiovascular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Estato
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia Coelho
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: de Velasco
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavia Brasil
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Spreafico
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raísa Magno de Araújo Ramos
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaiza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fragoso
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valter Tadeu
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Boldarine
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigação Cardiovascular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabela T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Bonomo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fátima L C
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Sardinha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lila M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Investigação Cardiovascular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tibiriçá
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: tcarmo@editema.com.br.
authors.forename: Maria das Graças
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Tavares do Carmo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D004727:Endothelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D000073878:Palm Oil; D013024:Soybean Oil
keywords: Brain microcirculation; Dietary lipid; Inflammation; Interesterified fat; Metabolic programming; Palm oil