title: Migration of titanium dioxide microparticles and nanoparticles through the body and deposition in the gingiva: an experimental study in rats.
abstract: The aim of this experimental work was to evaluate deposition of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) microparticles and nanoparticles, which could originate from titanium bioimplants, in the gingiva. Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a suspension of TiO2 particles of different sizes (150, 10, or 5 nm). The rats were killed 12 months post-injection, and the buccal and lingual gingivae were resected and evaluated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm the presence of titanium in deposits of microparticles and nanoparticles, and the concentration of titanium in tissues was measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Histological examination showed that all experimental groups exhibited agglomerates, in the gingiva, of titanium particles of micrometer size range, with no associated inflammatory response. Higher concentrations of titanium traces were shown, by ICP-MS, in both buccal and lingual tissues of all experimental groups compared with their matched controls. Titanium concentrations were significantly higher in the buccal gingiva than in the lingual gingiva, and after injection with 5-nm particles than with 10-nm particles in both localizations. Titanium microparticles and nanoparticles deposit in the gingiva, and mostly on the buccal side. Gingival deposition of titanium could be considered a tissue indicator of tribocorrosion processes of titanium bioimplants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Guglielmotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Research Fellow of the National Inter-university Council (Consejo Interuniversitario Nacional - CIN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariela G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steimetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Paparella
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Olmedo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: corrosion; gingiva; microparticles; nanoparticles; titanium