title: Respiratory disease in pregnancy.
abstract: Many physiological and anatomical changes of pregnancy affect the respiratory system. These changes often affect the presentation and management of the various respiratory illnesses in pregnancy. This article focuses on several important respiratory issues in pregnancy. The management of asthma, one of the most common chronic illnesses in pregnancy, remains largely unchanged compared to the nonpregnant state. Infectious respiratory illness, including pneumonia and tuberculosis, are similarly managed in pregnancy with antibiotics, although special attention may be needed for antibiotic choices with more pregnancy safety data. When mechanical ventilation is necessary, consideration should be given to the maternal hemodynamics of pregnancy and fetal oxygenation. Maintaining maternal oxygen saturation above 95% is recommended to sustain optimal fetal oxygenation. Cigarette smoking has known risks in pregnancy, and current practice guidelines recommend offering cognitive and pharmacologic interventions to pregnant women to assist in smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. Electronic address: nmehta@wihri.org.
authors.forename: Niharika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.affiliation: Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Raumond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Powrie
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
keywords: ARDS; asthma; pneumonia; pregnancy; respiratory; smoking cessation