title: Bonding between CAD/CAM resin and resin composite cements dependent on bonding agents: three different in vitro test methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the bonding properties between CAD/CAM resin and three resin composite cements combined with different bonding agents using three test methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred twenty CAD/CAM resin substrates were fabricated and divided into three test methods (shear bond strength (SBS, n = 180), tensile bond strength (TBS, n = 180) and work of adhesion (WA, n = 60)), further into four pretreatment methods (VP connect (VP), visio.link (VL), Clearfil Ceramic Primer (CP) and no pretreatment (CG)) and three cements (RelyX ARC, Variolink II and Clearfil SA Cement). Each subgroup contained 15 specimens. SBS and TBS were measured after 24 h H2O/37 °C + 5000 thermal-cycles (5/55 °C) and failure types were assessed. WA was determined for pretreated CAD/CAM resin and non-polymerized resin composite cements. Data were analysed with Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Chi(2) and Spearman's Rho tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within SBS and TBS tests, CGs and groups pretreated with CP (regardless of resin composite cements), and VP pretreated with Clearfil SA Cement showed no bond. However, CG combined with RelyX ARC showed a TBS of 5.6 ± 1.3 MPa. In general, highest bond strength was observed for groups treated with VL. CG and groups pretreated using VL showed lower WA than the groups treated with VP or CP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measured TBS values were higher than SBS ones. In general, SBS and TBS showed similar trends for the ranges of the values for the groups. WA results were not comparable with SBS/TBS results and admitted, therefore, no conclusions on it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For a clinical use of XHIP-CAD/CAM resin, the bond surface should be additionally pretreated with visio.link as bonding agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keul
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschgraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edelhoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany. bogna.stawarczyk@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Bogna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stawarczyk
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C000621301:Clearfil Ceramic Primer; C581302:Clearfil SA; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; C000621300:VP connect; C000612641:Visio.link; C103502:Variolink; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
keywords: Bonding agents; CAD/CAM resin; Resin composite cement; Shear bond strength; Tensile bond strength; Work of adhesion