title: Molecular characterization of quinolone resistance mechanisms and extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in Escherichia coli isolated from dogs.
abstract: The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistances is now a worldwide problem. Investigating the mechanisms by which pets harboring resistant strains may receive and/or transfer resistance determinants is essential to better understanding how owners and pets can interact safely. Here, we characterized the genetic determinants conferring resistance to β-lactams and quinolones in 38 multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of dogs, through PCR and sequencing. The most frequent genotype included the β-lactamase groups TEM (n=5), and both TEM+CTX-M-1 (n=5). Within the CTX-M group, we identified the genes CTX-M-32, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55/79, CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-2/44. Thirty isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin presented two mutations in the gyrA gene and one or two mutations in the parC gene. A mutation in gyrA (reported here for the first time), due to a transversion and transition (TCG→GTG) originating a substitution of a serine by a valine in position 83 was also detected. The plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance gene, qnrs1, was detected in three isolates. Dogs can be a reservoir of genetic determinants conferring antimicrobial resistance and thus may play an important role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance to humans and other co-habitant animals.
authors.affiliation: Produção Aquática, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meireles
authors.affiliation: Produção Aquática, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Clínica Veterinária, ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leite-Martins
authors.affiliation: Produção Aquática, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Bessa
authors.affiliation: Produção Aquática, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Clínica Veterinária, ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CECA - Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal, ICETA - Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologias Agrárias e Agro-Alimentares, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Matos
authors.affiliation: CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Manaia
authors.affiliation: Produção Aquática, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: pmcosta@icbas.up.pt.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martins da Costa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005838:Genotype; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D015363:Quinolones; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; C071167:beta-lactamase CTX-2; C055184:beta-lactamase TEM-3; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Dogs; Escherichia coli; Quinolones; β-Lactamases