title: Sleep quality of mother-caregivers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disturbance is a common problem for caregivers. In general, patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) use noninvasive ventilation to maintain quality of life and improve survival.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep quality of caregiver-mothers of sons with DMD and factors that are associated with their sleep quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 32 caregiver-mothers of sons with DMD and 32 mothers of sons without any neuromuscular or chronic disease (control-CTRL group). The evaluation of quality of sleep was made using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caregiver-mothers had poor sleep quality, specifically longer sleep latency and reduced sleep efficiency. The impaired sleep quality of the caregiver-mothers was associated with the length of time of noninvasive ventilation used by their sons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that caregiver-mothers of sons with DMD have poor quality of sleep, and the length of use of noninvasive ventilation of their sons is associated with better sleep of caregiver-mothers.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Nozoe
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Polesel
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Akamine
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ml.andersen12@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D017028:Caregivers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006701:Home Nursing; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000451:nursing*; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation / Q000451:nursing*; D012016:Reference Values; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014910:Wheelchairs; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bi-level positive airway pressure device (Bi-PAP); Caregiver; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; Mothers; Noninvasive ventilation; Sleep