title: The actions of prolonged exposure to cholinergic agonists on isolated bladder strips from the rat.
abstract: The present study was done to explore the cholinergic systems operating in the wall of the isolated rat bladder. In a first set of experiments, bladder strips in vitro were subjected to cumulative concentration-response curve (CRC) to non-selective muscarine agonist carbachol or the partially M2>M3 selective agonist arecaidine to establish optimal concentration to be used thereafter. In a second set of experiments, the effects of drugs (solifenacin, isoproterenol, and mirabegron) were tested on urinary bladder contraction induced by the non-selective muscarinergic agonist carbachol. For both agonists, the contractile responses are qualitatively similar: an initial transient rise in tension followed by complex bursts of high-frequency small 'micro'-contractions superposed on a tonic contraction, with immediate transient 'rebound' contraction after the agonist is washed from the preparation. This rebound contraction is greater with carbachol than arecaidine. Components of the responses to cholinergic stimulation, notably the micro-contractions, were found to be differently stimulated and inhibited by the M3>M2 selective antagonist solifenacin and by the β-adrenoceptor agonists isoprenaline and mirabegron. A physiological role for the muscarinic dependent phasic contractions and the micro-anatomical elements that might be involved are not known but may be related to non-voiding activity observed during filling cystometry in conscious animals related to afferent discharge and possibly sensation. Furthermore, suggestions for the potential impact of these findings and design of further studies in relation to bladder physiology, pharmacology, and pathology are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Uro-physiology Research Group, The Dental and Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, England, j.i.gillespie@ncl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: James I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rouget
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palea
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Korstanje
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000819:agonists; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3 / Q000819:agonists; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3