title: Ocean plankton. Determinants of community structure in the global plankton interactome.
abstract: Species interaction networks are shaped by abiotic and biotic factors. Here, as part of the Tara Oceans project, we studied the photic zone interactome using environmental factors and organismal abundance profiles and found that environmental factors are incomplete predictors of community structure. We found associations across plankton functional types and phylogenetic groups to be nonrandomly distributed on the network and driven by both local and global patterns. We identified interactions among grazers, primary producers, viruses, and (mainly parasitic) symbionts and validated network-generated hypotheses using microscopy to confirm symbiotic relationships. We have thus provided a resource to support further research on ocean food webs and integrating biological components into ocean models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gipsi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lima-Mendez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karoline
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.affiliation: Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Decelle
authors.affiliation: Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB), ULB Machine Learning Group, Computer Science Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carcillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaffron
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: J Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ignacio-Espinosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.affiliation: VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France.
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS FR3631, F-75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bittner
authors.affiliation: VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Darzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Audic
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Léo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berline
authors.affiliation: Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB), ULB Machine Learning Group, Computer Science Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bontempi
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cornejo-Castillo
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06, CNRS-Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Laboratory, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: d'Ovidio
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Meester
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrera
authors.affiliation: Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
authors.forename: Marie-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Garet-Delmas
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pesant
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Royo-Llonch
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Souffreau
authors.affiliation: Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dimier
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picheral
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Searson
authors.affiliation: Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kandels-Lewis
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gorsky
authors.affiliation: Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Not
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Laboratoire de Physique des Océan, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO)-Institut Universaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Palce Copernic, 29820 Polouzané, France.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Speich
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stemmann
authors.affiliation: Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France. Université d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706 Evry, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weissenbach
authors.affiliation: Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France. Université d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706 Evry, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wincker
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Acinas
authors.affiliation: Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunagawa
authors.affiliation: Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbrück-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Peer
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bork
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany. jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be vargas@sb-roscoff.fr cbowler@biologie.ens.fr karsenti@embl.de.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karsenti
authors.affiliation: Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be vargas@sb-roscoff.fr cbowler@biologie.ens.fr karsenti@embl.de.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bowler
authors.affiliation: Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be vargas@sb-roscoff.fr cbowler@biologie.ens.fr karsenti@embl.de.
authors.forename: Colomban
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Vargas
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be vargas@sb-roscoff.fr cbowler@biologie.ens.fr karsenti@embl.de.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020387:Food Chain; D058507:Host Specificity; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010802:Phylogeny; D010933:Plankton / Q000145:classification* / Q000502:physiology*; D010986:Platyhelminths / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D013472:Sunlight; D013559:Symbiosis; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification