title: Characterization of single-domain antibodies against Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) serotype O from a camelid and imaging of FMDV in baby hamster kidney-21 cells with single-domain antibody-quantum dots probes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes significant economic losses to husbandry worldwide. The variable domain of heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs or single domain antibodies, sdAbs) are single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this work, two sdAbs against FMD virus (FMDV) serotype O were selected from a camelid phage display immune library and expressed in Escherichia coli. The serotype specificity and affinity of the sdAbs were identified through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance assay. Moreover, the sdAbs were conjugated with quantum dots to constitute probes for imaging FMD virions. Results demonstrated that the two sdAbs were specific for serotype O and shared no cross-reactivity with serotypes A and Asia 1. The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) values of the two sdAbs ranged from 6.23 nM to 8.24 nM, which indicated high affinity to FMDV antigens. Co-localization with the sdAb-AF488 and sdAb-QD probes indicated the same location of FMDV virions in baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sdAb-QD probes are powerful tools to detect and image FMDV in BHK-21 cells.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. sdau_dw@163.com.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. yangshunli@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Shunli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. yinshuanghui@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Shuanghui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. shangyoujun@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Youjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. westernboydp555@sina.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. guojianhong@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. hejijun@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Jijun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. caijianping@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. liuxiangtao@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Xiangtao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002162:Camelus / Q000097:blood*; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C058667:cadmium selenide; C031238:zinc sulfide