title: Association of ABC (HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol) goal attainment with depression and health-related quality of life among adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between ABC goal attainment, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among a national sample of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was performed examining 808 non-pregnant patients ≥20 years old with T2DM from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. ABC goals were defined as HbA1c<7%, BP<130/80 mm Hg, and LDL-C<100 mg/dL. Patient characteristics associated with ABC goal attainment were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 23.7% of participants achieved simultaneous ABC goals. Severe depression was significantly associated with lower rates of ABC goal attainment compared to those with no depression (5.0% vs. 25.4%, p=0.048). ABC goal attainment rates were lower among females, Hispanic and non-Hispanic black minority groups, and patients with a duration of diabetes over five years, while increased visits with health care professionals were significantly associated with meeting all three ABC goals for patients with T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between simultaneous ABC goal attainment, depression and HRQoL is complex. Patients with T2DM unable to meet ABC goals may benefit from increased contact with health care professionals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social, Behavioral & Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA. Electronic address: bijal.shah@tu.edu.
authors.forename: Bijal M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA. Electronic address: dylan.mezzio@tu.edu.
authors.forename: Dylan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mezzio
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA. Electronic address: jackie.ho@tu.edu.
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Mountain View Clinics, Mountain View, CA, USA. Electronic address: eric.ip@tu.edu.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ip
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: Blood pressure; Cholesterol; Depression; Health-related quality of life; Hemoglobin A1c; Type 2 diabetes