title: Incidence of Medically-Attended Norovirus-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis in Four Veteran's Affairs Medical Center Populations in the United States, 2011-2012.
abstract: An estimated 179 million acute gastroenteritis (AGE) illnesses occur annually in the United States. The role of noroviruses in hospital-related AGE has not been well-documented in the U. S. We estimated the population incidence of community- acquired outpatient and inpatient norovirus AGE encounters, as well as hospital-acquired inpatient norovirus AGE among inpatients at four Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers (VAMCs). Fifty (4%) of 1,160 stool specimens collected ≤7 days from symptom onset tested positive for norovirus. During a one year period, the estimated incidence of outpatient, community- and hospital-acquired inpatient norovirus AGE was 188 cases, 11 cases, and 54 cases/ 100,000 patients, respectively. This study demonstrates the incidence of outpatient and community- and hospital-acquired inpatient norovirus AGE among the VA population seeking care at these four VAMCs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Grytdal
authors.affiliation: Atlanta VA Medical Center and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rimland
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: S Hannah
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shirley
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Section, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Barradas
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Matthew Bidwell
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.affiliation: James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sheldon T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: VA Office of Public Health Washington, D.C./Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lucero-Obusan
authors.affiliation: VA Office of Public Health Washington, D.C./Palo Alto, California, United States of America; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holodniy
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinjé
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lopman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D003428:Cross Infection; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult