title: Innate immunity against HIV-1 infection.
abstract: During acute HIV-1 infection, viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns are recognized by pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) of infected cells, which triggers a signaling cascade that initiates innate intracellular antiviral defenses aimed at restricting the replication and spread of the virus. This cell-intrinsic response propagates outward via the action of secreted factors such as cytokines and chemokines that activate innate immune cells and attract them to the site of infection and to local lymphatic tissue. Antiviral innate effector cells can subsequently contribute to the control of viremia and modulate the quality of the adaptive immune response to HIV-1. The concerted actions of PRR signaling, specific viral-restriction factors, innate immune cells, innate-adaptive immune crosstalk and viral evasion strategies determine the outcome of HIV-1 infection and immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altfeld
authors.affiliation: Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gale
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition