title: Restoring Isometry in Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain whether placing the humeral attachment of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) at the humeral center of rotation (hCOR) on the humerus would provide the most isometric reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 13 cadaver limbs from mid-humerus to the hand. The morphology of the ligament complex was assessed. The hCOR was then found using radiographic parameters. We chose 7 points on the humerus located at and around the hCOR and 3 points paralleling the supinator crest of the ulna and then calculated distances from these points using a digital caliper at 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 130° flexion. Differences in potential ligamentous lengths (termed graft elongation) were then calculated and statistical analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no perfectly isometric point along the humerus or ulna. However, in all specimens the hCOR was the most isometric point for the humeral reconstruction site, with an average graft elongation of 1.1 mm. Differences in humeral tunnel position dramatically affected graft elongation at all 3 ulnar insertions. Overall, ulnar position had a minimal effect on graft elongation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no perfectly isometric points were found, the humeral center of rotation consistently reproduced the most isometry when assessing graft elongation over range of motion. These data may assist surgeons in proper tunnel placement in LUCL reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In LUCL reconstruction, the humeral tunnel should be placed as close as possible to the center of rotation, whereas placement on the ulna is less critical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY. Electronic address: Alaiamj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alaia
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shearin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kremenic
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Malachy P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012399:Rotation; D014457:Ulna / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Elbow; isometry; lateral ulnar collateral ligament; posterolateral rotatory instability; reconstruction