title: Association of Protein Phosphatase PPM1G With Alcohol Use Disorder and Brain Activity During Behavioral Control in a Genome-Wide Methylation Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The genetic component of alcohol use disorder is substantial, but monozygotic twin discordance indicates a role for nonheritable differences that could be mediated by epigenetics. Despite growing evidence associating epigenetics and psychiatric disorders, it is unclear how epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, relate to brain function and behavior, including drinking behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors carried out a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation of 18 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for alcohol use disorder and validated differentially methylated regions. After validation, the authors characterized these differentially methylated regions using personality trait assessment and functional MRI in a sample of 499 adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypermethylation in the 3'-protein-phosphatase-1G (PPM1G) gene locus was associated with alcohol use disorder. The authors found association of PPM1G hypermethylation with early escalation of alcohol use and increased impulsiveness. They also observed association of PPM1G hypermethylation with increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent response in the right subthalamic nucleus during an impulsiveness task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the authors provide first evidence for an epigenetic marker associated with alcohol consumption and its underlying neurobehavioral phenotype.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nymberg
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vuoksimaa
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Anbarasu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lourdusamy
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Cybele P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Fabiana M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Tianye
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cattrell
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macare
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banaschewski
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Arun L W
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bokde
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Uli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büchel
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Conrod
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fauth-Bühler
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Herta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flor
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frouin
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallinat
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garavan
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gowland
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ittermann
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martinot
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nees
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pausova
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Smolka
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spanagel
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Georgy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bakalkin
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mill
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Wolfgang H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Fazil
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aliev
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaprio
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Sylvane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desrivières
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; the MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London; the Department of Public Health, the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, the Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, and the Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, and CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal; NeuroSpin, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Middlebury; the School of Physics and Astronomy and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris; Hospital for Sick Children and Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal; the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and the Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; the Division of Biological Resea
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schumann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C000607460:PPM1G protein, human; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; D010100:Oxygen