title: Non-motor symptoms burden in treated and untreated early Parkinson's disease patients: argument for non-motor subtypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-motor symptoms (NMSs) occurring at an early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) may impair quality of life more than motor symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the severity of overall NMS profile and burden of NMSs in early PD patients, treated (time since confirmed diagnosis of 5 years or less) or drug naive (DN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data from an ongoing multicentre study (16 sites) were obtained and specifically an NMS data set from validated scales was analysed in treated and DN PD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A full data set was available in 234 unique early PD patients. Of them, there were 170 treated (63.5% males, mean age 68.2 years) and 64DN patients (64.1% males, mean age 66.5 years). Compared to DN patients the time since confirmed diagnosis was significantly longer in treated PD patients (1.9 years vs. 3.7 years, P < 0.001). Fatigue (57.7%), urinary urgency (57.1%), nocturia (55.3%), memory difficulties (51.2%) and urinary frequency (48.8%) were the most prevalent NMSs amongst treated PD, whereas DN PD reported most frequently sadness (57.8%), fatigue (57.8%), lightheadedness (53.1%), memory difficulties (48.4%) and urinary urgency (46.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that NMSs are dominant in the untreated and early phase of PD causing a considerable burden. This warrants investigation of the issue of NMS subtyping within PD.
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zis
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Epidemiology and Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinez-Martin
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.|King's College London, London.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauerbier
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizos
authors.affiliation: United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Lincoln, UK.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Worth
authors.affiliation: Yeovil Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Somerset, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sophia
authors.affiliation: Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silverdale
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.|King's College London, London.
authors.forename: K Ray
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Parkinson's disease; drug naïve; early Parkinson's disease; non-motor symptoms