title: Influenza-induced type I interferon enhances susceptibility to gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial pneumonia in mice.
abstract: Suppression of type 17 immunity by type I interferon (IFN) during influenza A infection has been shown to enhance susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Although this mechanism has been described in coinfection with gram-positive bacteria, it is unclear whether similar mechanisms may impair lung defense against gram-negative infections. Furthermore, precise delineation of the duration of type I IFN-associated susceptibility to bacterial infection remains underexplored. Therefore, we investigated the effects of preceding influenza A virus infection on subsequent challenge with the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the temporal association between IFN expression with susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus challenge in a mouse model of influenza and bacterial coinfection. Here we demonstrate that preceding influenza A virus led to increased lung E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacterial burden, which was associated with suppression of type 17 immunity and attenuation of antimicrobial peptide expression. Enhanced susceptibility to S. aureus coinfection ceased at day 14 of influenza infection, when influenza-associated type I IFN levels had returned to baseline levels, further suggesting a key role for type I IFN in coinfection pathogenesis. These findings further implicate type I IFN-associated suppression of type 17 immunity and antimicrobial peptide production as a conserved mechanism for enhanced susceptibility to both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial coinfection during influenza infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
authors.forename: Keven M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
authors.forename: Erich V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Scheller
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
authors.forename: Sivanarayana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandalapu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.
authors.forename: Y Peter
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
authors.forename: Michelle E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Clay
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2759-3929
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Enelow
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dubin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; john.alcorn@chp.edu.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Alcorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D060085:Coinfection / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / Q000502:physiology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; C508032:Ifnar1 protein, mouse; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta
keywords: Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; coinfection; influenza A; type I interferon