title: Does cerebrospinal fluid analysis add predictive value to magnetic resonance imaging for long term irreversible disability in patients with early multiple sclerosis?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The independent prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in multiple sclerosis is not established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prognostic value of intrathecal synthesis in a cohort of patients with relapsing-onset MS taking into consideration demographic and imaging parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective cohort study conducted from 1993 to 2013, we analyzed the time to confirmed disability (persistent above 6 months) and irreversible disability (persistent for the entire disease course) of two disability milestones, Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≥ 4 or 6, and the time to secondary progressive onset in 579 patients with relapsing-onset multiple sclerosis. Demographic parameters (age at onset, gender) and imaging parameters (periventricular lesions) were included in the Cox models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  447 patients (77.2%) had intrathecal synthesis (oligoclonal bands and/or increased immunoglobulin G index value). No statistically significant relation was found between intrathecal synthesis and the time to reach each disability milestone or secondary progressive onset. An age older than 40 years and more than 3 periventricular lesions predicted a worse prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cerebrospinal fluid analysis did not predict the time to disability milestones in relapsing-onset multiple sclerosis independently of age and imaging data.
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U 862, Université de Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moroso
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde S A
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Deloire
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U 862, Université de Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruet
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ouallet
authors.affiliation: OFSEP - Université de Lyon, France - Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U 862, Université de Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: bruno.brochet@chu-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brochet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid; Cohort; Disability; Magnetic resonance imaging; Multiple sclerosis; Prognosis