title: The sweet quartet: Binding of fucose to the norovirus capsid.
abstract: Human noroviruses bind histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and this interaction is thought to be important for an infection. We identified two additional fucose-binding pockets (termed fucose-3/4 sites) on a genogroup II human (GII.10) norovirus-protruding (P) dimer using X-ray crystallography. Fucose-3/4 sites were located between two previously determined HBGA binding pockets (termed fucose-1/2 sites). We found that four fucose molecules were capable of binding altogether at fucose-1/2/3/4 sites on the P dimer, though the fucose molecules bound in a dose-dependent and step-wise manner. We also showed that HBGA B-trisaccharide molecules bound in a similar way at the fucose-1/2 sites. Interestingly, we discovered that the monomers of the P dimer were asymmetrical in an unliganded state and when a single B-trisaccharide molecule bound, but were symmetrical when two B-trisaccharide molecules bound. We postulate that the symmetrical dimers might favor HBGA binding interactions at fucose-1/2 sites.
authors.affiliation: Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Koromyslova
authors.affiliation: Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
authors.forename: Mila M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Leuthold
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, Grenoble, F-38042, France; Unit for Virus Host Cell Interactions, Univ. Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, Grenoble F-38042, France.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bowler
authors.affiliation: Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. Electronic address: g.hansman@dkfz.de.
authors.forename: Grant S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hansman
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002213:Capsid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005643:Fucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D029322:Norovirus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D055503:Protein Multimerization
chemical_list: D005643:Fucose
keywords: Capsid; Fucose; Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs); Norovirus