title: Serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) production is associated with lower fecal egg count in parasite-resistant sheep.
abstract: The objective of this experiment was to determine serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) concentration in response to Haemonchus contortus infection in parasite-resistant and -susceptible lambs. St. Croix (STC) (resistant) and Suffolk/Hampshire crossbred (SX) (susceptible) lambs were either not infected (n=5/breed), given a primary inoculation (n=5/breed) or challenged infected with H. contortus (n=5/breed). Each inoculum given consisted of 10,000 L3 larvae. Blood was collected daily for 14 days and then weekly to day 49. Feces were collected on day 0 and weekly until day 49. Challenged STC lambs generated significantly lower fecal egg count (FEC) (1520 eggs/g SX vs. <50 eggs/gram STC; P<0.001) and had higher PCV (34% vs. 29%; P<0.001). Serum IL-4 concentrations of primary-infected STC and challenge-infected SX lambs were greater during early infection (days 0-7) than mid (days 14-28) and late (days 35-49) infection, but was significantly reduced (P<0.001) by day 49. Challenge-infected STC lambs incrementally increased serum IL-4 from early to late infection. Change in serum IL-4 concentration during early, mid and late infection indicated IL-4 concentration in challenge-infected STC lambs increased during mid and late infection. These data demonstrate that parasite-resistant St. Croix sheep generate a potent Th2-response, as measured by elevated serum IL-4 concentration, which is associated with a marked FEC reduction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV 26505, USA.
authors.forename: Jesica R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV 26505, USA. Electronic address: scott.bowdridge@mail.wvu.edu.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bowdridge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000502:physiology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep / Q000235:genetics; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015847:Interleukin-4
keywords: IL-4; Parasite resistance; St. Croix sheep