title: An innovative method to produce green table olives based on "pied de cuve" technology.
abstract: The technology of "pied de cuve" (PdC) is applied in food process only to produce wines with an enriched community of pro-technological yeasts. PdC promotes the growth of the desirable microbial strains in a small volume of grape must acting as a starter inoculums for higher volumes. The aim of the present work was to investigate the use of partially fermented brines, a technology known as PdC, developed with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the microbiological, chemical and sensory characteristics of green fermented table olives during two consecutive campaigns. The experimental plan included two trials based on different PdCs: trial A, PdC obtained with Lactobacillus pentosus OM13; trial B, PdC obtained through a spontaneous fermentation. Two control additional trials without PdC were included for comparison: trial C, spontaneous fermentation; trial D, direct inoculation of L. pentosus OM13. The use of PdCs favoured the rapid increase of LAB concentrations in both trials A and B. These trials showed levels of LAB higher than trial C and almost superimposable to that of trial D. Trial B was characterized by a certain diversity of L. pentosus strains and some of them dominated the manufacturing process. These results indicated PdC as a valuable method to favour the growth of autochthonous L. pentosus strains. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) visibly discriminated olive processes fermented with the two experimental PdCs. Interestingly, on the basis of microbial and pH variables, both approaches showed that the olives produced with PdC technology are closely related to those of trial D, with the advantages of reducing the amount of starter to inoculate (trial A) and a higher LAB biodiversity (trial B). Volatile organic compound (VOC) composition and sensory analysis showed trials A and B different from the trials with no PdC added, in both years. Furthermore, the trial B showed the highest scores of green olive aroma and taste complexity. Spoilage microorganisms were estimated at very low levels in all trials. Undesired off-odours and off-flavours were not revealed at the end of the process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martorana
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alfonzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Settanni
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Onofrio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Corona
authors.affiliation: Geolive Belice S.A.S. Olive da tavola Castelvetrano, TP, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: La Croce
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moschetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: nicola.francesca@unipa.it.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Francesca
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D031658:Olea / Q000382:microbiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012492:Salts; D013649:Taste; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D015003:Yeasts / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D012492:Salts; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C017082:brine
keywords: Lactic acid bacteria; Lactobacillus pentosus; Nocellara del Belice table olive; Pied de cuve; Volatile organic compounds; Yeasts