title: Older people going online: its value and before-after evaluation of volunteer support.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although Internet usage can benefit older people by reducing social isolation, increasing access to services, and improving health and well-being, only a minority are online. Barriers to Internet uptake include attitude and a lack of knowledge and help. We have evaluated volunteer support in helping older people go online. Knowing what value the Internet has been to older people who have just gone online should guide how it is "sold" to those remaining offline.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Objectives of this study are (1) to assess the feasibility of recruiting volunteers aged 50 years and older and supporting them in helping people (ie, beneficiaries) aged 65 years and older go online, (2) to assess the impact of beneficiaries using the Internet on contacts with others, loneliness, and mental health, and (3) to assess the perceived value to beneficiaries of going online.
  
  
  METHODS
  Beneficiaries received help in using the Internet from 32 volunteers in one of two ways: (1) one-on-one in their own homes, receiving an average of 12 hours of help over eight visits, or (2) in small group sessions, receiving 12 hours of help over six visits. We assessed, at registration and follow-up, the number of contacts with others, using Lubben's 6-item Lubben Social Network Scale (LBNS-6), loneliness, using De Jong Gierveld's 6-item De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale (DJG-6), and mental well-being, using Tennant's Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS). We also assessed how beneficiaries valued going online using a Social Return on Investment (SROI) approach by postal survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 144 beneficiaries were recruited with the aim of helping them go online via one-on-one (n=58) or small group (n=86) sessions. Data through to follow-up were available on 76.4% (110/144) of participants. From baseline to follow-up, the number of contacts with others was significantly increased-LBNS-6, mean 13.7 to mean 17.6-loneliness scores were reduced-DJG-6, mean 2.38 to mean 1.80-and mental well-being improved-SWEMWBS, mean 24.06 to mean 24.96. Out of six options, beneficiaries valued better communication with family and friends most and better health care least as a benefit of using the Internet. Out of nine options, having the Internet was valued less than having TV, but more than, for example, having a weekly visit from a cleaner. There were no associations between values placed on Internet use or volunteer help and psychological improvements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volunteer help to go online seemed to result in increased social contacts, reduced loneliness, and improved mental well-being and was valued quite highly by beneficiaries. Although the use of the Internet for health care was the least valued, improved social contact can improve health. Contacting family is likely to be the best "selling point" of the Internet for older people.
authors.affiliation: Plymouth University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Plymouth, United Kingdom. ray.jones@plymouth.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ray B
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-3421
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Emily J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-9890
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ashurst
authors.forename: Jo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-6469
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atkey
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-9019
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duffy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D057226:Information Seeking Behavior; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D012934:Social Isolation; D012944:Social Support; D014838:Volunteers
keywords: digital inclusion; health informatics; older people; social return on investment