title: Exploring Theory of Mind Use in Blind Adults During Natural Communication.
abstract: The aim of this article is to explore whether people who are blind are as successful in recognising other people's mental states in communicative situations as people who are sighted. In the current investigation, a group of blind and sighted individuals were tested on their first and higher-order ToM abilities to recognise the intentions, feelings and beliefs of people engaged in natural conversations. The results revealed significant differences between the groups in the recognition of mental states, but no differences were found in their first-order and higher-order ToM use. The study shows that people who are blind may understand other people's intentions, feelings and beliefs differently than people who are sighted. This is not because of their ToM deficits or linguistic incompetence, but because during communication blind individuals have limited access to the information about others' mental states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Modern English, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950, Lublin, Poland. jolanta.sak-wernicka@kul.pl.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sak-Wernicka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001766:Blindness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012938:Social Perception; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D056345:Theory of Mind / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adults; Blindness; Communication; Mindreading; Theory of mind