title: Elevated serum Bisphenol A level in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to determine serum Bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as well as the association between serum BPA and several hormonal parameters in DCM patients compared with a healthy control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight DCM patients and 88 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. Serum BPA levels and several hormonal parameters (including total testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and estradiol (E2) were measured by using corresponding ELISA Kits. The free androgen index (FAI) was calculated by the formula: total T in nmol/L × 100/SHBG in nmol/L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BPA levels in the total DCM group were significantly higher compared with that in the controls (6.9 ± 2.7 ng/mL vs. 3.8 ± 1.9 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Significant difference was also observed in SHBG and FAI between DCM patients and controls, (76.9 ± 30.9 nM/L vs. 41.0 ± 15.6 nM/L and 2.9 ± 3.5 vs.5.3 ± 2.6, respectively, both of p < 0.001). Similar trends were observed in the male and female subgroup. Mean T level was lower in DCM group than in control group (540.8 ± 186.0 pg/mL vs. 656.3 ± 112.9 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis has shown that increasing serum BPA levels were statistically significantly associated with increased SHBG levels. However, no statistical difference was noted for E2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings firstly demonstrated that BPA exposure increased in DCM patients compared with that in healthy controls, while FAI and T levels decreased. SHBG presented a positive association with BPA. It is concluded that hormone disorder induced by BPA exposure might be an environmental factor in the pathology of DCM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. xiongqinmei@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Qinmei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. kellyclarkwei@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. sain.yong@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. yupeng_jxndefy@163.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. cheinsee@163.com.
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. hujinzhu1983@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jinzhu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. yujianhua@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. ljx912@126.com.
authors.forename: Juxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 2301, USA. wanghs@uc.edu.
authors.forename: Hong-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. xiaoshumenfan@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoshu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. hongkui88@163.com.|The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. hongkui88@163.com.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004958:Estradiol; D010636:Phenols; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; dilated cardiomyopathy; sex hormone; sex hormone-binding globulin