title: Carp thrombocyte phagocytosis requires activation factors secreted from other leukocytes.
abstract: Thrombocytes are nucleated blood cells in non-mammalian vertebrates, which were recently focused on not only as hemostatic cells but also as immune cells with potent phagocytic activities. We have analyzed the phagocytic activation mechanisms in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) thrombocytes. MACS-sorted mAb(+) thrombocytes showed no phagocytic activity even in the presence of several stimulants. However, remixing these thrombocytes with other anti-thrombocyte mAb(-) leukocyte populations restored their phagocytic activities, indicating that carp thrombocyte phagocytosis requires an appropriate exogenous stimulation. Culture supernatant from anti-thrombocyte mAb(-) leukocytes harvested after PMA or LPS stimulation, but not culture supernatant from unstimulated leukocytes, could activate thrombocyte phagocytosis. This proposed mechanism of thrombocyte phagocytosis activation involving soluble factors produced by activated leukocytes suggests that thrombocyte activation is restricted to areas proximal to injured tissues, ensuring suppression of excessive thrombocyte activation and a balance between inflammation and tissue repair.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. Electronic address: somamoto@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Somamoto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D002347:Carps / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010587:Phagocytosis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D029941:Fish Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: Cytokine; Fish immunity; Phagocytosis; Platelet; Thrombocyte