title: Cardboard versus sterile containers: more nitrite-positive urinalysis results?
abstract: Urinalysis is a frequently performed test that provides valuable information as to the health of individuals. The presence of nitrites in the urine may indicate infection. Antibiotic therapy is commonly started following the results of dipstick urine taken from non-sterile urine samples. This is especially prevalent in men who are immobile, because sterile containers large enough to hold a full bladder of urine are not available (at the author's trust). Urine samples were taken from 25 male A&E patients in a sterile container. Half of each sample was decanted into an ordinary cardboard urine bottle and both samples were then tested using dipstick urinalysis after 1 minute and after 10 minutes to see if there was a difference in the presence of nitrites between the two container types. After 10 minutes, 21 of the 25 samples showed a positive nitrite dipstick in the cardboard container while it remained negative when the urine remained in the sterile container. These results demonstrate that care needs to be taken when collecting urine samples, and the results of dipstick urinalysis should be used with caution depending on the collection method.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Teacher, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London.
authors.forename: Rhiannon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eley
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis*; D013048:Specimen Handling; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites
keywords: Dipstick urinalysis; Nitrites; Sterile container; Urinalysis; Urine collection; Urine specimens