title: Molecular spies for bioimaging--fluorescent protein-based probes.
abstract: Convergent advances in optical imaging and genetic engineering have fueled the development of new technologies for biological visualization. Those technologies include genetically encoded indicators based on fluorescent proteins (FPs) for imaging ions, molecules, and enzymatic activities "to spy on cells," as phrased by Roger Tsien, by sneaking into specific tissues, cell types, or subcellular compartments, and reporting on specific intracellular activities. Here we review the current range of unimolecular indicators whose working principle is the conversion of a protein conformational change into a fluorescence signal. Many of the indicators have been developed from fluorescence resonance energy transfer- and single-FP-based approaches.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Biotechnological Optics Research Team, Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Electronic address: matsushi@brain.riken.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyawaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005453:Fluorescence; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008164:Luminescent Proteins