title: HO-1 Signaling Activation by Pterostilbene Treatment Attenuates Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage Induced by Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.
abstract: Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI) is harmful to the cerebral system and causes mitochondrial oxidative stress. The antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated antioxidant pathway plays an important role in maintaining the redox status of the brain. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), combined with potent AREs in the promoter of HO-1, is a highly effective therapeutic target for protection against cerebral IRI. Pterostilbene (PTE), a natural dimethylated analog of resveratrol from blueberries, is a strong natural antioxidant. PTE has been shown to be beneficial for some nervous system diseases and may regulate HO-1 signaling. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of PTE on cerebral IRI and to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying those effects. Mouse brains and cultured HT22 neuron cells were subjected to IRI. Prior to this procedure, the brains or cells were exposed to PTE in the absence or presence of the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP or HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). PTE conferred a cerebral protective effect, as shown by increased neurological scores, viable neurons and decreased brain edema as well as a decreased ion content and apoptotic ratio in vivo. PTE also increased the cell viability and decreased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and apoptotic ratio in vitro. ZnPP and HO-1 siRNA both blocked PTE-mediated cerebral protection by inhibiting HO-1 signaling and further inhibited two HO-1 signaling-related antioxidant molecules:
  quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which are induced by PTE. PTE also promoted a well-preserved mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondria complex I activity, and mitochondria complex IV activity, increased the mitochondrial cytochrome c level, and decreased the cytosolic cytochrome c level. However, this PTE-elevated mitochondrial function was reversed by ZnPP or HO-1 siRNA treatment. In summary, our results demonstrate that PTE treatment attenuates cerebral IRI by reducing IR-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage through the activation of HO-1 signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
authors.forename: Jiayi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Air Logistics, The 463rd Hospital of PLA, 46 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
authors.forename: Chongxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
authors.forename: Shouyin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
authors.forename: Zhenlong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
authors.forename: Bodong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
authors.forename: Guiling
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China. yushudong111@126.com.
authors.forename: Yushu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China. yanqu1974@126.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007477:Ions; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013267:Stilbenes; C017803:zinc protoporphyrin; C107773:pterostilbene; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C491732:Nqo1 protein, mouse; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Cerebral protection; HO-1 signaling; Ischemia reperfusion; Mitochondrial oxidative damage; Pterostilbene