title: Using the integrated nurse leadership program to reduce sepsis mortality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Integrated Nurse Leadership Program (INLP) is a collaborative improvement model focused on developing practical leadership skills of nurses and other frontline clinicians to lead quality improvement efforts. Sepsis is a major challenge to treat because it arises unpredictably and can progress rapidly. Nine San Francisco Bay Area hospitals participated in a 22-month INLP Sepsis Mortality Reduction Project to improve sepsis detection and management.
  
  
  METHODS
  The INLP focused on developing leadership and process improvement skills of nurses and other frontline clinicians. Teams of trained clinicians then implemented three strategies to improve early identification and timely treatment of sepsis: (1) sepsis screening of all patients, with diagnostic testing according to protocol; (2) timely treatment on the basis of key elements of Early Goal-Directed Therapy (EGDT); and (3) ongoing data review. Each hospital agreed to pursue the goal of reducing sepsis mortality by 15% by the end of the project.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the data collection period (baseline, July-December 2008 and project completion, January-June 2011), team members showed strong improvement in perceived leadership skills, team effectiveness, and ability to improve care quality. During this period, sepsis mortality for eight of the participating hospitals (Hospital 9 joined the project six months after it began) decreased by 43.7%-from 28% in the baseline period to 16% at project completion. Sepsis mortality rates trended downward for all hospitals, significantly decreasing (p<.05 at one hospital, p<.01 for four hospitals).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to improvement in safety culture and management of septic patients, hospitals participating in the INLP Sepsis Mortality Reduction Project achieved reductions in sepsis mortality during the study period and sustained reductions for more than one year later. The INLP model can be readily applied beyond sepsis management and mortality to other quality problems.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kliger
authors.affiliation: The Altos Group, Oakland, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Frank H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010348:Patient Care Team; D061214:Patient Safety; D016730:Program Development; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012495:San Francisco; D018805:Sepsis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000451:nursing*; D013192:Staff Development