title: Influenza A virus on oceanic islands: host and viral diversity in seabirds in the Western Indian Ocean.
abstract: Ducks and seabirds are natural hosts for influenza A viruses (IAV). On oceanic islands, the ecology of IAV could be affected by the relative diversity, abundance and density of seabirds and ducks. Seabirds are the most abundant and widespread avifauna in the Western Indian Ocean and, in this region, oceanic islands represent major breeding sites for a large diversity of potential IAV host species. Based on serological assays, we assessed the host range of IAV and the virus subtype diversity in terns of the islands of the Western Indian Ocean. We further investigated the spatial variation in virus transmission patterns between islands and identified the origin of circulating viruses using a molecular approach. Our findings indicate that terns represent a major host for IAV on oceanic islands, not only for seabird-related virus subtypes such as H16, but also for those commonly isolated in wild and domestic ducks (H3, H6, H9, H12 subtypes). We also identified strong species-associated variation in virus exposure that may be associated to differences in the ecology and behaviour of terns. We discuss the role of tern migrations in the spread of viruses to and between oceanic islands, in particular for the H2 and H9 IAV subtypes.
authors.affiliation: GIS CRVOI (Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien), Sainte Clotilde, Reunion Island; Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Saint Denis, Reunion Island.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lebarbenchon
authors.affiliation: GIS CRVOI (Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien), Sainte Clotilde, Reunion Island; Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Saint Denis, Reunion Island; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, FRE 3560 INEE-CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis, Reunion Island.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.affiliation: WildWings Bird Management, Grayswood Common, Haslemere, Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feare
authors.affiliation: GIS CRVOI (Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien), Sainte Clotilde, Reunion Island; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, FRE 3560 INEE-CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis, Reunion Island.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bastien
authors.affiliation: GIS CRVOI (Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien), Sainte Clotilde, Reunion Island.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: WildWings Bird Management, Grayswood Common, Haslemere, Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larose
authors.affiliation: GIS CRVOI (Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien), Sainte Clotilde, Reunion Island; Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Saint Denis, Reunion Island; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sainte Clotilde, Reunion Island.
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lagadec
authors.affiliation: Island Conservation Society, Mahé, Seychelles.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rocamora
authors.affiliation: Nature Seychelles, The Center for Environment and Education, Roche Caiman, Mahé, Seychelles.
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: GIS CRVOI (Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien), Sainte Clotilde, Reunion Island; Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Saint Denis, Reunion Island; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sainte Clotilde, Reunion Island.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pascalis
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boulinier
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, FRE 3560 INEE-CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis, Reunion Island.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Corre
authors.affiliation: Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Diseases Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stallknecht
authors.affiliation: GIS CRVOI (Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l'Océan Indien), Sainte Clotilde, Reunion Island; Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Saint Denis, Reunion Island; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sainte Clotilde, Reunion Island.
authors.forename: Koussay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dellagi
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001717:Birds / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology*; D046091:Charadriiformes / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology; D002988:Cloaca / Q000821:virology; D007195:Indian Ocean Islands; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000097:blood / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral