title: Optimization of insulin pump therapy based on high order run-to-run control scheme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pump is widely considered a convenience and promising way for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) subjects, who need exogenous insulin infusion. In the standard insulin pump therapy, there are two modes for insulin infusion: basal and bolus insulin. The basal-bolus therapy should be individualized and optimized in order to keep one subject's blood glucose (BG) level within the normal range; however, the optimization procedure is troublesome and it perturb the patients a lot. Therefore, an automatic adjustment method is needed to reduce the burden of the patients, and run-to-run (R2R) control algorithm can be used to handle this significant task.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, two kinds of high order R2R control methods are presented to adjust the basal and bolus insulin simultaneously. For clarity, a second order R2R control algorithm is first derived and studied. Furthermore, considering the differences between weekdays and weekends, a seventh order R2R control algorithm is also proposed and tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In order to simulate real situation, the proposed method has been tested with uncertainties on measurement noise, drifts, meal size, meal time and snack. The proposed method can converge even when there are ±60 min random variations in meal timing or ±50% random variations in meal size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the robustness analysis, one can see that the proposed high order R2R has excellent robustness and could be a promising candidate to optimize insulin pump therapy.
authors.affiliation: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuo
authors.affiliation: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China. Electronic address: wang.youqing@ieee.org.
authors.forename: Youqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy; D004435:Eating; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Glucose regulation; High order run-to-run control; Type 1 diabetes mellitus