title: Dynamics of adaptive and innate immunity in patients treated during primary human immunodeficiency virus infection: results from Maraviroc in HIV Acute Infection (MAIN) randomized clinical trial.
abstract: We evaluated the dynamics of innate and adaptive immunity in patients treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) during primary human immunodeficiency virus infection (PHI), enrolled in a prospective randomized trial (MAIN, EUDRACT 2008-007004-29). After 48 weeks of cART, we documented a reduction in activated B cells and CD8(+) T cells. Natural killer cell and dendritic cell frequencies were measured and a decrease in CD16(+) CD56(dim) with a reciprocal rise in CD56(high) natural killer cells and an increase in myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were recorded. In conclusion, 48 weeks of cART during PHI showed significant benefits for both innate and adaptive immunity.
authors.affiliation: Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Research Centre, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ripa
authors.affiliation: Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Research Centre, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pogliaghi
authors.affiliation: Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Research Centre, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiappetta
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unit of Viral Evolution and Transmission, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pensieroso
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unit of Viral Evolution and Transmission, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavarelli
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unit of Viral Evolution and Transmission, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scarlatti
authors.affiliation: Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Biasi
authors.affiliation: Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cossarizza
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unit of Human Virology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Battista
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unit of Human Virology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malnati
authors.affiliation: Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzarin
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Research Centre, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nozza
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Research Centre, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: tambussi.giuseppe@hsr.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tambussi
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D000077592:Maraviroc; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D014230:Triazoles; D000077592:Maraviroc
keywords: B cells; dendritic cells; immune activation; natural killer cells; primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection