title: CBCT quantitative evaluation of mandibular lingual concavities in dental implant patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mandibular lingual concavities and to measure them using CBCT (Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, CBCT scans of 200 patients requiring dental implants were assessed for lingual concavities. Reconstructed CBCT images were transferred as DICOM files to the 3D DOCTOR software program, and metric, volumetric, and surface area measurements were obtained. Two-way mixed ANOVA was used to model side (left/right, anterior), measurement type, and gender with side and type taken as within-subject variables, gender as between-subject variables, and age as a covariate. A comparison between the dentate and edentulous groups in the samples with lingual concavities was performed using an unpaired Student's t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Submandibular concavity mean depth and volume were found to be 2.4 mm and 130.7 mm(3), whereas mean depth and volume of sublingual concavities were found to be 1.3 mm and 26.5 mm(3). Significant inverse ratios were found between age and volume and between age and surface area (p < 0.05). All measurements were higher in males than females, but the differences were not statistically significant. The differences between the presence of concavity (sublingual, right, and left submandibular) and dental status (dentate/edentulous) were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mandibular lingual concavity dimensions were found to vary by age, location, and the presence/absence of teeth. Third party software can be used to generate 3-dimensional models that provide useful information about shape, size, and location of sublingual and submandibular concavities prior to implant placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. dtkivo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kıvanç
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamburoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Buket
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selcen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Candan Semra
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Paksoy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Cone-beam computerized tomography; Dental implant; Lingual concavity; Volumetric analysis