title: [Associations between ALDH2 and ADH1B Genotypes and Ethanol-Induced Cutaneous Erythema in Young Japanese Women].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify associations between ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes and ethanol-induced cutaneous erythema and assess the accuracy of an ethanol patch test in young Japanese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 942 female Japanese university students. They were given an ethanol patch test and examined for ethanol-induced cutaneous erythema both immediately after removing the patch and 10 minutes after removing the patch. A saliva sample was used to determine the ALDH2 and ADH1B genotype of each subject by realtime PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity and specificity of erythema immediately after removing the patch as the marker for the presence of inactive ALDH2 were 69.6% and 87.7%, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of erythema 10 minutes after removing the patch were 85.2% and 85.1%, respectively. The sensitivity of erythema after 10 minutes was markedly lower in the ADH1B*1/*1 carriers than in the ADH1B*2 carriers (8.3% vs. 89.7%, p<0.0001), and the specificity was significantly higher in the ADH1B*1/*1 carriers than in the ADH1B*2 carriers (96.9% vs. 84.3%, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, both sensitivity and specificity were satisfactorily high, but having the ADH1B*1/*1 genotype prevented a positive reaction for inactive ALDH2 and caused false-negative results. The data also suggested that having the ADH1B*2/*2 genotype caused a positive reaction in subjects with the ALDH2*1/*1 genotype. Despite these exceptions, the ethanol patch test has enough accuracy and can be used easily to subjects who don't drink alcohol. This is a valuable tool for improving the health literacy of younger generation subjects.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwao-Koizumi
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D004890:Erythema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006266:Health Education; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D010328:Patch Tests; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial