title: Reduced Graphene Oxide/Amaranth Extract/AuNPs Composite Hydrogel on Tumor Cells as Integrated Platform for Localized and Multiple Synergistic Therapy.
abstract: Integration of multimodal treatment strategies combined with localized therapy to enhance antitumor efficacy and reduce side effects is still a challenge. Herein, a novel composite hydrogel containing rGO, amaranth extract (AE) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared by using AE as both reductant and cross-linking agent. The chlorophyll derivatives in AE were also employed as a photodynamic therapy drug. Meanwhile, AuNPs and rGO both have obvious photothermal effects and can accelerate the generation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2). The temperature increase of rGO/AE/AuNPs precursor is up to 6.3 °C under 808 nm laser irradiation at a power density of 200 mW·cm(-2). The hydrogel shell on in situ tumor cells was easily formed and regulated by near-infrared irradiation within 10 min, which could both retain a high concentration of drugs on the lesion site and prevent them from migrating to normal tissue, thus reducing the side effects. Compared with rGO/AE and AE, rGO/AE/AuNPs showed a remarkably improved and synergistic antitumor effect. The hydrogel possesses good biocompatibility and high hydrophilicity and could be used for loading chemotherapeutics, which provides a new approach for located and multiple antitumor therapies.
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guanru
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baoyou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: §Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Bio-Manufacture Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yazhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: §Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Bio-Manufacture Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shikuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fangzhi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.|§Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Bio-Manufacture Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Anjian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D027721:Amaranthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016466:CHO Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003412:Cricetulus; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018511:Systems Integration; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020100:Hydrogels; D053769:Nanocapsules; D010087:Oxides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006046:Gold; D006108:Graphite
keywords: amaranth extract; composite hydrogel; gold nanoparticles; multiple antitumor; reduced graphene oxide