title: Number of Nanoparticles per Cell through a Spectrophotometric Method - A key parameter to Assess Nanoparticle-based Cellular Assays.
abstract: Engineered nanoparticles (eNPs) for biological and biomedical applications are produced from functionalised nanoparticles (NPs) after undergoing multiple handling steps, giving rise to an inevitable loss of NPs. Herein we present a practical method to quantify nanoparticles (NPs) number per volume in an aqueous suspension using standard spectrophotometers and minute amounts of the suspensions (up to 1 μL). This method allows, for the first time, to analyse cellular uptake by reporting NPs number added per cell, as opposed to current methods which are related to solid content (w/V) of NPs. In analogy to the parameter used in viral infective assays (multiplicity of infection), we propose to name this novel parameter as multiplicity of nanofection.
authors.affiliation: 1] Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain [2] NanoGetic S. L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, 18016 Armilla - Granada (Spain).
authors.forename: Juan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Unciti-Broceta
authors.affiliation: Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cano-Cortés
authors.affiliation: Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Altea-Manzano
authors.affiliation: DestiNAGenomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, 18016 Armilla - Granada (Spain).
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pernagallo
authors.affiliation: Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Díaz-Mochón
authors.affiliation: 1] Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain [2] Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18017 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Martín
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002232:Carbocyanines; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D013535:Suspensions; C085321:cyanine dye 5; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols