title: The effect of a whey protein supplement dose on satiety and food intake in resistance training athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many athletes perform resistance training and consume dietary protein as a strategy to promote anabolic adaptation. Due to its high satiety value, the regular addition of supplemented dietary protein could plausibly displace other key macronutrients such as carbohydrate in an athlete's diet. This effect will be influenced by the form and dose of protein. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of liquid whey protein dose manipulation on subjective sensations of appetite and food intake in a cohort of athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten male athletes who performed both resistance and aerobic (endurance) training (21.2 ± 2.3 years; 181.7 ± 5.7 cm and 80.8 ± 6.1 kg) were recruited. In four counter-balanced testing sessions they consumed a manipulated whey protein supplement (20, 40, 60 or 80 g protein) 1 hour after a standardised breakfast. Subsequent energy intake was measured 3 hours after the protein supplement using an ad libitum test meal. Subjective appetite sensations were measured periodically during the test day using visual analogue scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All conditions resulted in a significant decrease in ratings of hunger (50-65%; P < 0.05) at the time of supplement consumption. However, there were no significant differences between the conditions at any time point for subjective appetite sensations or for energy consumed in the ad libitum meal: 4382 ± 1004, 4643 ± 982, 4514 ± 1112, 4177 ± 1494 kJ respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing whey protein supplement dose above 20 g did not result in a measurable increase in satiety or decrease in food intake. However, the inclusion of additional whey protein supplementation where not otherwise consumed could plausibly reduce dietary intake.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: kmackenz@bond.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kristen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: MacKenzie-Shalders
authors.affiliation: Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.
authors.forename: Nuala M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D056352:Athletes; D001628:Beverages; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake; D005538:Football; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011793:Queensland; D055070:Resistance Training; D012528:Satiety Response; D062410:Snacks; D064133:Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D014495:Universities; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D000067816:Whey Proteins
keywords: Appetite; Protein supplementation; Resistance training; Rugby; Satiety