title: Tunable Luminescent Carbon Nanospheres with Well-Defined Nanoscale Chemistry for Synchronized Imaging and Therapy.
abstract: In this work, we demonstrate the significance of defined surface chemistry in synthesizing luminescent carbon nanomaterials (LCN) with the capability to perform dual functions (i.e., diagnostic imaging and therapy). The surface chemistry of LCN has been tailored to achieve two different varieties: one that has a thermoresponsive polymer and aids in the controlled delivery of drugs, and the other that has fluorescence emission both in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) region and can be explored for advanced diagnostic modes. Although these particles are synthesized using simple, yet scalable hydrothermal methods, they exhibit remarkable stability, photoluminescence and biocompatibility. The photoluminescence properties of these materials are tunable through careful choice of surface-passivating agents and can be exploited for both visible and NIR imaging. Here the synthetic strategy demonstrates the possibility to incorporate a potent antimetastatic agent for inhibiting melanomas in vitro. Since both particles are Raman active, their dispersion on skin surface is reported with Raman imaging and utilizing photoluminescence, their depth penetration is analysed using fluorescence 3D imaging. Our results indicate a new generation of tunable carbon-based probes for diagnosis, therapy or both.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Prabuddha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Santosh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gryka
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Huei-Huei
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Saumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Illinois Sustainability Technology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.|Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.affiliation: Carle Foundation Hospital, 502 N. Busey St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.|Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, 502 N. Busey St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.|Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Dipanjan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003167:Complement Activation; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D049449:Luminescence; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D054118:Nanospheres / Q000737:chemistry*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D010777:Photochemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011108:Polymers
keywords: Raman imaging; anticancer drugs; carbon nanoparticles; nanomedicine; skin cancers; theranostics