title: Catathrenia: respiratory disorder or parasomnia?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition (ICSD-3) classifies catathrenia among the respiratory disorders and not as a parasomnia as in ICSD-2. Few patients have been reported during these years, and the clinical description of the sound is different from group to group. In fact, there is no full agreement about its nature, origin, meaning, and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this paper we review the literature on catathrenia focusing on the characteristics of the sound, demographics of the patients, aetiology, response to treatment, etc., in order to support its classification as a respiratory disorder or a parasomnia. We also discuss the possibility of Catathrenia being not one disorder but two variants or two different disorders.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: jiriarte@unav.es.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iriarte
authors.affiliation: Pneumology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Arantza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.affiliation: Sleep Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alegre
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Secundino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Sleep Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Urrestarazu
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D020447:Parasomnias / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020923:REM Sleep Parasomnias / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds
keywords: Catathrenia; ICSD-3; Respiratory disorder