title: Interleukin-1 associations in inflammatory bowel disease and the enteropathic seronegative spondylarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate any associations of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 in treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the enteropathic seronegative spondylarthritis (eSpA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 26 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 14 patients with SpA participated in the study. Valid clinical indexes, CRP values and the endoscopic and histologic examination were used for the determination of disease activity. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were measured by ELISA. Nonparametric tests were used for continuous and categorical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enteropathic SpA diagnosed in 29.4 % CD and 30.8 % UC patients. Active disease had 58.8 % CD (aCD), 76.9 % UC and 50 % SpA patients. Active and inactive CD (iCD) significantly differ on IL-1α levels (11.2 vs. 3.9 pg/ml; p = 0.034). Active and inactive UC significantly differ on IL-1β (3.7 vs. 2.3 pg/ml; p = 0.054) and IL-1Ra levels (15.9 vs. 12.7 pg/ml; p = 0.023). Active and inactive SpA (iSpA) significantly differ on IL-1Ra (16.9 vs. 14.8 pg/ml; p = 0.033) and marginally on IL-1α levels (20 vs. 3.9 pg/ml; p = 0.06). Patients with aCD/ieSpA exhibited significant differences on IL-1α (p = 0.022) compared to those with iCD/ieSpA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1α is associated with CD activity, while IL-1β and IL-1Ra are associated with UC activity in treated patients with IBD. Prominent cytokine in SpAs seems to be IL-1α.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Periklis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vounotrypidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kouklakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anagnostopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zezos
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polychronidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maltezos
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Efremidou
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitiakoudis
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lyratzopoulos
keywords: Crohn’s disease; Cytokines; Extra-intestinal manifestations; Ulcerative colitis