title: Emerging intracellular receptors for hemorrhagic fever viruses.
abstract: Ebola virus and Lassa virus belong to different virus families that can cause viral hemorrhagic fever, a life-threatening disease in humans with limited treatment options. To infect a target cell, Ebola and Lassa viruses engage receptors at the cell surface and are subsequently shuttled into the endosomal compartment. Upon arrival in late endosomes/lysosomes, the viruses trigger membrane fusion to release their genome into the cytoplasm. Although contact sites at the cell surface were recognized for Ebola virus and Lassa virus, it was postulated that Ebola virus requires a critical receptor inside the cell. Recent screens for host factors identified such internal receptors for both viruses: Niemann-Pick disease type C1 protein (NPC1) for Ebola virus and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) for Lassa virus. A cellular trigger is needed to permit binding of the viral envelope protein to these intracellular receptors. This 'receptor switch' represents a previously unnoticed step in virus entry with implications for host-pathogen interactions and viral tropism.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, CX, 1066 The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucas T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Jae
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, CX, 1066 The Netherlands. Electronic address: t.brummelkamp@nki.nl.
authors.forename: Thijn R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Brummelkamp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011992:Endosomes / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007835:Lassa Fever / Q000821:virology*; D007836:Lassa virus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D000077296:Niemann-Pick C1 Protein; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D056189:Viral Tropism; D053586:Virus Internalization; D052118:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000077296:Niemann-Pick C1 Protein; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C489116:LAMP1 protein, human; D052118:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1; C106881:NPC1 protein, human
keywords: Ebola virus; LAMP1; Lassa virus; NPC1; fusion; internal/intracellular receptor