title: Combined aerobic exercise and enzyme replacement therapy rejuvenates the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis and alleviates autophagic blockage in Pompe disease.
abstract: A unifying feature in the pathogenesis of aging, neurodegenerative disease, and lysosomal storage disorders is the progressive deposition of macromolecular debris impervious to enzyme catalysis by cellular waste disposal mechanisms (e.g., lipofuscin). Aerobic exercise training (AET) has pleiotropic effects and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant defense systems, and autophagic flux in multiple organs and tissues. Our aim was to explore the therapeutic potential of AET as an ancillary therapy to mitigate autophagic buildup and oxidative damage and rejuvenate the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis in Pompe disease (GSD II/PD). Fourteen weeks of combined recombinant acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA) and AET polytherapy attenuated mitochondrial swelling, fortified antioxidant defense systems, reduced oxidative damage, and augmented glycogen clearance and removal of autophagic debris/lipofuscin in fast-twitch skeletal muscle of GAA-KO mice. Ancillary AET potently augmented the pool of PI4KA transcripts and exerted a mild restorative effect on Syt VII and VAMP-5/myobrevin, collectively suggesting improved endosomal transport and Ca(2+)- mediated lysosomal exocytosis. Compared with traditional rhGAA monotherapy, AET and rhGAA polytherapy effectively mitigated buildup of protein carbonyls, autophagic debris/lipofuscin, and P62/SQSTM1, while enhancing MnSOD expression, nuclear translocation of Nrf-2, muscle mass, and motor function in GAA-KO mice. Combined AET and rhGAA therapy reactivates cellular clearance pathways, mitigates mitochondrial senescence, and strengthens antioxidant defense systems in GSD II/PD. Aerobic exercise training (or pharmacologic targeting of contractile-activity-induced pathways) may have therapeutic potential for mitochondrial-lysosomal axis rejuvenation in lysosomal storage disorders and related conditions (e.g., aging and neurodegenerative disease).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: MacNeil
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics/Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenergetics and Exercise Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kaczor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Nates
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahktar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Hettinga
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Neuromuscular Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. Electronic address: tarnopol@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tarnopolsky
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D056947:Enzyme Replacement Therapy; D015444:Exercise; D006009:Glycogen Storage Disease Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000071456:Sequestosome-1 Protein; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D000071456:Sequestosome-1 Protein; C101343:Sqstm1 protein, mouse; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases
keywords: Aging; Autophagy; Exocytosis; Lipofuscin; Lysosomal storage disorder; Neurodegenerative disease