title: Sensitive detection of norovirus using phage nanoparticle reporters in lateral-flow assay.
abstract: Noroviruses are recognized worldwide as the principal cause of acute, non-bacterial gastroenteritis, resulting in 19-21 million cases of disease every year in the United States. Noroviruses have a very low infectious dose, a short incubation period, high resistance to traditional disinfection techniques and multiple modes of transmission, making early, point-of-care detection essential for controlling the spread of the disease. The traditional diagnostic tools, electron microscopy, RT-PCR and ELISA require sophisticated and expensive instrumentation, and are considered too laborious and slow to be useful during severe outbreaks. In this paper we describe the development of a new, rapid and sensitive lateral-flow assay using labeled phage particles for the detection of the prototypical norovirus GI.1 (Norwalk), with a limit of detection of 107 virus-like particles per mL, one hundred-fold lower than a conventional gold nanoparticle lateral-flow assay using the same antibody pair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Anna E V
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hagström
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garvey
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sagar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhamane
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Strych
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kourentzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Atmar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America; Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Willson
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States