title: Epithelial-mesenchymal, mesenchymal-epithelial, and endothelial-mesenchymal transitions in malignant tumors: An update.
abstract: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents conversion of an epithelial cell in an elongated cell with mesenchymal phenotype, which can occur in physiologic and pathologic processes such as embryogenesis (type 1 EMT), wound healing and/or fibrosis (type 2 EMT) and malignant tumors (type 3 EMT). The proliferation rate, metastasizing and recurrence capacity, as also the individualized response at chemotherapics, in both epithelial and mesenchymal malignant tumors is known to be influenced by reversible switch between EMT and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Although much research work has already been done in these fields, the specific molecular pathways of EMT, relating to the tumor type and tumor localization, are yet to be elucidated. In this paper, based on the literature and personal experience of the authors, an update in the field of EMT vs MET in epithelial and mesenchymal tumors is presented. The authors tried to present the latest data about the particularities of these processes, and also of the so-called endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, based on tumor location. The EMT-angiogenesis link is discussed as a possible valuable parameter for clinical follow-up and targeted therapeutic oncologic management. The paper begins with presentation of the basic aspects of EMT, its classification and assessment possibilities, and concludes with prognostic and therapeutic perspectives. The particularities of EMT and MET in gastric and colorectal carcinomas, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinomas, and lung, breast and prostate cancers, respectively in sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors are presented in detail.
authors.affiliation: Simona Gurzu, Sabin Turdean, Attila Kovecsi, Anca Otilia Contac, Ioan Jung, Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gurzu
authors.affiliation: Simona Gurzu, Sabin Turdean, Attila Kovecsi, Anca Otilia Contac, Ioan Jung, Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania.
authors.forename: Sabin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turdean
authors.affiliation: Simona Gurzu, Sabin Turdean, Attila Kovecsi, Anca Otilia Contac, Ioan Jung, Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovecsi
authors.affiliation: Simona Gurzu, Sabin Turdean, Attila Kovecsi, Anca Otilia Contac, Ioan Jung, Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania.
authors.forename: Anca Otilia
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Contac
authors.affiliation: Simona Gurzu, Sabin Turdean, Attila Kovecsi, Anca Otilia Contac, Ioan Jung, Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania.
authors.forename: Ioan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jung
keywords: Carcinoma; Gastrointestinal cancer; Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; Hepatic cancer; Sarcoma