title: Effects of alkylation and immunopotentiation against Ehrlich ascites murine carcinoma in vivo using novel tetra-O-acetate haloacetamido carbohydrate analogs.
abstract: Tetra-O-acetate haloacetamido carbohydrate analogs (Tet-OAHCs) are novel alkylating agents that appear to have alkylating activity at the plasma membrane, specificity against neoplastic cells, and may potentiate host leukocyte influx. This study sought to characterize the chemical attributes and in vivo activity of Tet-OAHCs. Four Tet-OAHCs were assessed for their partition coefficient and alkylating activity to determine cellular environments where adduct formation would be favorable. In vitro, IC50 values of all four Tet-OAHCs were determined against Ehrlich ascites murine carcinoma, as well as two leukemias (U937 human monocytic leukemia and L1210 murine lymphoid leukemia) to assess their cytotoxicity in multiple neoplastic cell lines. In vivo, B6D2F1 and CD2F1 mice were challenged i.p. with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma prior to, or after being treated with a single dose of one of the analogs. Finally, a quantitative comparison of host leukocyte influx between Tet-OAHCs and other alkylating agents was performed to confirm previous in vivo observations that the tetra-O-acetate carbohydrate moiety is important for inducing a host leukocyte response in murine models. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) Tet-OAHCs appear to demonstrate high alkylating activity in amphiphilic environments. 2) All four congeners have comparable in vitro cytotoxicities against the neoplastic cell lines examined. 3) The analogs demonstrate marked in vivo activity in both B6D2F1 and CD2F1 mice challenged with a lethal dose of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and frequently produce long term survival at 60 days, which is not observed in simple halo derivatives or two currently approved antineoplastic agents (daunorubicin and mechlorethamine). These effects are observed when the agents are administered either before or after the tumor challenge. 4) The carbohydrate moiety appears to be important for potentiating host leukocyte influx, as Tet-OAHCs, but not other alkylating agents demonstrated such activity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA. Electronic address: mrtrendo@syr.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trendowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Christen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Zoino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Fondy
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000737:chemistry; D000478:Alkylation; D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006219:Halogens / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D002241:Carbohydrates; D006219:Halogens
keywords: Alkylating agents; Carbohydrate analogs; Chemotherapy; Immunopotentiation; Leukocyte influx