title: Sublethal injury and virulence changes in Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua treated with antimicrobials carvacrol and citral.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two antimicrobial substances, carvacrol and citral, on Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua cells, as well as possible virulence changes in injured cells, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model test. The results indicated that the percentage of sublethal damage was higher in L. monocytogenes than in L. innocua. The results of the study carried out by using C. elegans indicated that C. elegans fed in a lawn of L. monocytogenes previously treated with carvacrol showed a loss in life span (p ≤ 0.05) as compared with L. monocytogenes treated with citral, Escherichia coli OP50 as a negative control, and treated and untreated L. innocua. Egg laying was also affected: worms fed in a lawn of treated and untreated L. monocytogenes laid fewer eggs than those fed in a lawn of treated and untreated L. innocua or fed with OP50 as a negative control. Worms fed in a lawn of treated and untreated L. innocua also laid fewer eggs than those fed with OP50 as a negative control. A phenotype named bag of worms and an undescribed new one, "vulva inflammation", were also observed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Biopolis S.L., Avda. Agustín Escardino, 9, 46980, Paterna, Spain. Electronic address: angela.silva@biopolis.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Biopolis S.L., Avda. Agustín Escardino, 9, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Genovés
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Biopolis S.L., Avda. Agustín Escardino, 9, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martorell
authors.affiliation: CNPq Postdoctoral Fellowship, Espirito Santo Federal University, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address: surama@cca.ufes.br.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Zanini
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: conaml@iata.csic.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D000081007:Cymenes; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008087:Listeria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D023421:Models, Animal; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D010641:Phenotype; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; C073316:carvacrol; C007076:citral
keywords: Antimicrovials; Caenorhabditis elegans; Listeria innocua; Listeria monocytogenes; Virulence