title: Expression of cell cycle regulators, 14-3-3σ and p53 proteins, and vimentin in canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study of the expression of 14-3-3σ, p53, and vimentin proteins in canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) evaluating differences with normal bladder tissues, and the association with clinicopathological variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyze by immunohistochemistry in 19 canine TCCs the expression of 14-3-3σ, p53, and vimentin using monoclonal antibodys. A semiquantitative scoring method was employed and statistical analysis was performed to display relationships between variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to normal urinary bladder epithelium, which showed high levels of 14-3-3σ, its expression was decreased in 53% of the studied tumors (P = 0.0344). The 14-3-3σ protein was expressed by neoplastic emboli and by highly infiltrative neoplastic cells. The p53 protein was expressed in 26% of TCCs, but no significant association between 14-3-3σ and p53 was detected. Neoplastic epithelial cells displayed vimentin immunoreactivity in 21% of TCCs, and a positive correlation with mitotic index was observed (P = 0.042). Coexpression of vimentin and 14-3-3σ by highly infiltrative neoplastic cells was also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  14-3-3σ is deregulated in canine TCCs and its expression by highly infiltrative tumor cells may be related to the acquisition of aggressive behavior. Furthermore, this article reinforce the role of canine TCC as relevant model of human urothelial carcinoma and we suggest 14-3-3σ as a potential therapeutic target. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role of 14-3-3σ in canine TCC.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Histology and Animal Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain. Electronic address: alejandro.suarez@ulpgc.es.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suárez-Bonnet
authors.affiliation: Unit of Histology and Animal Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herráez
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Internal Medicine, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.affiliation: Unit of Histology and Animal Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suárez-Bonnet
authors.affiliation: Unit of Histology and Animal Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrada
authors.affiliation: Unit of Histology and Animal Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Unit of Histology and Animal Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinosa de Los Monteros
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D014746:Vimentin
keywords: 14-3-3σ; Bladder cancer; Canine; Immunohistochemistry; Transitional cell carcinoma; Vimentin; p53