title: Performance of an expedited rhythm control method for recent onset atrial fibrillation in a community hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A standard approach to recent onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in the emergency department (ED) in the United States has not been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this prospective clinical trial was to determine how an ED protocol emphasizing rhythm control for recent onset AF compared similar patients receiving standard therapy in the same facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled consecutive patients presenting to our community hospital with recent onset AF into a protocol, which called for rhythm control with procainamide and if unsuccessful electrical cardioversion and discharge home. We compared this prospective cohort with matched historical controls. Primary outcome was admission rate. We also compared ED conversion rates and lengths of stay (LOS). We reported 30-day data on the study group including ED recidivism, recurrent AF, outpatient follow-up, and any important adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four patients were enrolled in the study group with 4 being admitted compared with 30 of 50 in the historical control group. Ninety-four percent of the study group converted compared with 28% in the historical control. Both hospital and ED LOS were significantly shorter for the study group. Six patients had recurrent AF, and 4 of those returned to the ED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An ED protocol that uses rhythm control decreased hospital admission and LOS, and there were no adverse events at 30 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: white.jennifer1@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kahoud
authors.affiliation: Temple Medical School, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Doylestown Hospital, Doylestown, PA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Harding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011342:Procainamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D011342:Procainamide