title: Does ingestion of tincture of opium notably raise blood alcohol concentration?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tincture of opium (TOP) is currently used for maintenance therapy in treatment of opioids addiction. It contains ethanol. The present study was conducted to assess the increase in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in its users; a process which may interfere with breath-alcohol test performed by law enforcement or traffic police.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 143 individuals were selected randomly from drug users who had been referred to an addiction treatment clinic. They were asked to undergo breath-alcohol test 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after taking their daily dosage of TOP. The resulting figures were statistically analyzed by t-test and chi-square test using SPSS for Windows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The calculated blood ethanol concentration rose to 26.33 ± 14.34, 29.15 ± 6.70, and 33.03 ± 8.46 in persons taking 20, 25, and 30 ml TOP respectively, 5 min after their drug ingestion. The figures turned into zero after 15 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Users of TOP should be reassured about its alcoholic content. Its alcoholic content cannot produce equilibrium disturbance or notable BAC. However, it is recommended that users of TOP are observed in addiction treatment centers for 15 min after taking their drug to reach a higher degree of certainty about any effect of alcoholic content of TOP.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Clinical Toxicologist, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Solhi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sadeghi-Sedeh
authors.affiliation: Researcher, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Pardis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emami
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Clinical Toxicologist, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamalian
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Clinical Toxicologist, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kazemifar
keywords: Addiction; Ethanol; Tincture of opium; Treatment