title: The NDR Kinase Cbk1 Downregulates the Transcriptional Repressor Nrg1 through the mRNA-Binding Protein Ssd1 in Candida albicans.
abstract: NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) kinases are essential components for polarized morphogenesis, cytokinesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The NDR kinase Cbk1 is required for the hyphal growth of Candida albicans; however, the molecular functions of Cbk1 in hyphal morphogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we report that Cbk1 downregulates the transcriptional repressor Nrg1 through the mRNA-binding protein Ssd1, which has nine Cbk1 phosphorylation consensus motifs. We found that deletion of SSD1 partially suppressed the defective hyphal growth of the C. albicans cbk1Δ/Δ mutant and that Ssd1 physically interacts with Cbk1. Cbk1 was required for Ssd1 localization to polarized growth sites. The phosphomimetic SSD1 allele (ssd1-9E) allowed the cbk1Δ/Δ mutant to form short hyphae, and the phosphodeficient SSD1 allele (ssd1-9A) resulted in shorter hyphae than did the wild-type SSD1 allele, indicating that Ssd1 phosphorylation by Cbk1 is important for hyphal morphogenesis. Furthermore, we show that the transcriptional repressor Nrg1 does not disappear during hyphal initiation in the cbk1Δ/Δ mutant but is completely absent in the cbk1Δ/Δ ssd1Δ/Δ double mutant. Deletion of SSD1 also increased Als3 expression and internalization of the cbk1Δ/Δ mutant in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T. Collectively, our results suggest that one of the functions of Cbk1 in the hyphal morphogenesis of C. albicans is to downregulate Nrg1 through Ssd1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Myeong
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Kyu
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heebum
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea jykim@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jeong-Yoon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D025301:Hyphae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins