title: Relationship of betatrophin with youth onset type 2 diabetes among Asian Indians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Betatrophin is emerging as a marker for compensatory beta cell proliferation. While betatrophin has been mainly investigated in adults, there is a lack of data on betatrophin levels in youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-Y). The aim of this study was to determine levels of betatrophin and its association with T2DM-Y in Asian Indian participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 100 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n=50) and newly-diagnosed cases (within 18 months of first diagnosis) of T2DM-Y (n=50) with onset between 12 and 24 years of age from a large tertiary diabetes center in Chennai in southern India. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostatic model (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion by oral disposition index (DIO). Betatrophin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Betatrophin levels were significantly lower in the T2DM-Y group compared with the NGT group (803 vs 1104 pg/ml, p<0.001). Betatrophin showed a significant inverse correlation with waist circumference (p=0.035), HOMA-IR (p<0.001), fasting and 2 h postprandial glucose (p<0.01), glycated hemoglobin (p=0.019) and a positive correlation with fasting C-peptide (p<0.001) and DIO (p=0.012). In regression analysis, betatrophin was independently associated with T2DM-Y even after adjustment for age, gender, and waist circumference (OR per standard deviation: 0.562, 95% CI: 0.342-0.899, p=0.019). However, the association was lost when HOMA-IR was included in the model (OR: 1.141, 95% CI: 0.574-2.249; p=0.646).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Betatrophin levels are lower in T2DM-Y and this association is likely mediated through insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India. Electronic address: gokulmdrf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kuppan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gokulakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India.
authors.forename: Kalaivani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manokaran
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India.
authors.forename: Gautam Kumar
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India.
authors.forename: Anandakumar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amutha
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India.
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ranjani
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India.
authors.forename: Ranjit Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India.
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000091306:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8; D000075802:Angiopoietin-like Proteins; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000091306:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8; D000075802:Angiopoietin-like Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; C576683:ANGPTL8 protein, human
keywords: Asians Indians; Betatrophin; Insulin resistance; Type 2 diabetes