title: Intensity Enhanced Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging Using Terbium-Doped Gd2O2S Microparticles.
abstract: Weak intensity and poor penetration depth are two big obstacles toward clinical use of Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI). In this proof-of-concept study, we overcame these limitations by using lanthanides-based radioluminescent microparticles (RLMPs), called terbium doped Gd2O2S. The characterization experiment showed that the emission excited by Cerenkov luminescence can be neglected whereas the spectrum experiment demonstrated that the RLMPs can actually be excited by γ-rays. A series of in vitro experiments demonstrated that RLMPs significantly improve the intensity and the penetration capacity of CLI, which has been extended to as deep as 15 mm. In vivo pseudotumor study further prove the huge potential of this enhancement strategy for Cerenkov luminescence imaging in living animal studies.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jimin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: §Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D013725:Terbium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013725:Terbium; C021197:gadolinium sulfoxylate; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: Cerenkov luminescence; biomaterials; biophotonics; imaging; radioluminescence