title: Contribution of transcranial direct current stimulation on inhibitory control to assess the neurobiological aspects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The applicability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not yet been investigated. This low-cost, non-invasive, and safe technique optimized to modulate the inhibitory response might be a useful treatment option for those affected by this condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this single center, parallel, randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial is to investigate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation over the prefrontal cortex on the modulation of inhibitory control in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 individuals will be divided into 2 groups by block randomization to receive active or sham stimulation. Anodal stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex will be applied at 1 mA during a single 20-minute session. Before and after interventions, subjects will perform 2 go/no go tasks and the brain electrical activity will be recorded by electroencephalogram (EEG) with 32 channels, according to the 10-20 international EEG system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trial began in May 2013 and we are currently performing the statistical analysis for the secondary outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this study will provide preliminary results about the role of prefrontal cortex activation through tDCS on ADHD patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01968512; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01968512 (Archived by WebCite at www.webcitation.org/6YMSW2tkD).
authors.affiliation: Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States. ccosmo@ufba.br.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5874-7188
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cosmo
authors.forename: Abrahão Fontes
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-3820
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.forename: Eduardo Pondé
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6166-8093
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: de Sena
keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; inhibitory control; transcranial direct current stimulation