title: Development of orodispersible polymer films with focus on the solid state characterization of crystalline loperamide.
abstract: The formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as orodispersible films is gaining interest among novel oral drug delivery systems due to their small size, enhanced flexibility and improved patient compliance. The aim of this work was the preparation and characterization of orodispersible films containing loperamide hydrochloride (LPH) as model drug. As loperamide hydrochloride is poorly soluble in water it was used in crystalline form with a loading of 2mg/6cm(2) film. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and different types of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) in different concentrations were used as film forming polymers whereas arabic gum, xanthan gum and tragacanth served as thickening agents. Films were characterized with respect to the content uniformity, morphology, thermal behavior and crystallinity. Suspensions were investigated regarding their viscosity using a rotational rheometer and the crystal structure of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) was analyzed using polarized light microscopy. The development of flexible, non-brittle and homogeneous films of LPH was feasible. Two polymorphic forms of LPH appeared in the film formulations dependent on the utilized polymer. While in presence of HPMC the original polymorphic form I remained stable in suspension and films, the polymorphic form II occurred in presence of HPC. Both polymorphic forms were prepared separately and a solid state characterization was performed. Polymorph I showed isometric crystals whereas polymorph II showed needle shaped crystals. Tragacanth was able to prevent the transformation to polymorph II, if it was dissolved first before HPC. When HPC was added first to the suspension, the conversion to form II occurred irreversibly also after further addition of tragacanth.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woertz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: kleinebudde@hhu.de.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kleinebudde
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000737:chemistry; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008139:Loperamide / Q000737:chemistry*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D012212:Rheology; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014144:Tragacanth / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008139:Loperamide; D006170:Gum Arabic; D014144:Tragacanth; D002482:Cellulose; C008079:hydroxypropylcellulose; C002563:xanthan gum
keywords: Crystallinity; HPC; HPMC; Loperamide hydrochloride; Orodispersible films; Polymer; Polymorph; Tragacanth