title: Application of Design Expert for the investigation of capsaicin-loaded microemulsions for transdermal delivery.
abstract: Our previous study reported that the Design Expert® Software showed a beneficial role in the development of microemulsions (ME) for transdermal drug delivery. To fully confirm the reproducibility and the reliability of simultaneous optimal ME formulations, the optimal ME formulations predicted by the Design Expert® Software were experimentally formulated and verified for their skin permeability. Ternary phase diagrams were used to predict the optimal ME area, and the ME formulations selected from outside this area were considered as candidate ME systems. Our ME systems were formulated with isopropyl myristate (IPM) as the oil phase, cocamide diethanolamine (DEA) as the surfactant, ethanol as a co-surfactant and water as the aqueous phase. The droplet size, size distribution, electrical conductivity, pH, drug content and skin permeability of the candidate ME systems were monitored. Our findings indicated that the skin permeability of the optimal ME and all of the candidate ME formulations was significantly greater than that of the commercial capsaicin (CAP) product. Our study succeeded in predicting and developing the ME systems for the transdermal delivery of CAP. The simplex lattice design used in this study is experimentally useful for the development of pharmaceutical formulations.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand and.|b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University , Ubon Ratchathani , Thailand.
authors.forename: Sureewan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duangjit
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand and.
authors.forename: Wisuta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chairat
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand and.
authors.forename: Praneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Opanasopit
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand and.
authors.forename: Theerasak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rojanarata
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand and.
authors.forename: Tanasait
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ngawhirunpat
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D015195:Drug Design; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012984:Software; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D002211:Capsaicin
keywords: Capsaicin; Design Expert; cocamide diethanolamine; microemulsions; simplex lattice design