title: Angioblast Derived from ES Cells Construct Blood Vessels and Ameliorate Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although numerous reports addressing pathological involvements of diabetic polyneuropathy have been conducted, a universally effective treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy has not yet been established. Recently, regenerative medicine studies in diabetic polyneuropathy using somatic stem/progenitor cell have been reported. However, the effectiveness of these cell transplantations was restricted because of their functional and numerical impairment in diabetic objects. Here, we investigated the efficacy of treatment for diabetic polyneuropathy using angioblast-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angioblast-like cells were obtained from mouse embryonic stem cells and transplantation of these cells improved several physiological impairments in diabetic polyneuropathy: hypoalgesia, delayed nerve conduction velocities, and reduced blood flow in sciatic nerve and plantar skin. Furthermore, pathologically, the capillary number to muscle fiber ratios were increased in skeletal muscles of transplanted hindlimbs, and intraepidermal nerve fiber densities were ameliorated in transplanted plantar skin. Transplanted cells maintained their viabilities and differentiated to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells around the injection sites. Moreover, several transplanted cells constructed chimeric blood vessels with recipient cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that transplantation of angioblast like cells induced from embryonic stem cells appears to be a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic polyneuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan ; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuhito
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8561-7605
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Himeno
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Kidney Disease Initiatives, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan ; Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan ; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan ; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan ; Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsutaro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kito
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oiso
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan ; Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*