title: Harvest date affects aronia juice polyphenols, sugars, and antioxidant activity, but not anthocyanin stability.
abstract: The goal of this work was to characterize how the date of harvest of 'Viking' aronia berry impacts juice pigmentation, sugars, and antioxidant activity. Aronia juice anthocyanins doubled at the fifth week of the harvest, and then decreased. Juice hydroxycinnamic acids decreased 33% from the first week, while proanthocyanidins increased 64%. Juice fructose and glucose plateaued at the fourth week, but sorbitol increased 40% to the seventh harvest week. Aronia juice pigment density increased due to anthocyanin concentration, and polyphenol copigmentation did not significantly affect juice pigmentation. Anthocyanin stability at pH 4.5 was similar between weeks. However, addition of quercetin, sorbitol, and chlorogenic acid to aronia anthocyanins inhibited pH-induced loss of color. Sorbitol and citric acid may be partially responsible for weekly variation in antioxidant activity, as addition of these agents inhibited DPPH scavenging 13-30%. Thus, aronia polyphenol and non-polyphenol components contribute to its colorant and antioxidant functionality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA. Electronic address: bwbolling@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Bradley W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Bolling
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA.
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA.
authors.forename: Ruisong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kranz
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA.
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Unit 4163, Storrs, CT 06269-4163, USA.
authors.forename: Shelley N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Durocher
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Unit 4163, Storrs, CT 06269-4163, USA.
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Brand
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D046936:Photinia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D002241:Carbohydrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins
keywords: Anthocyanin; Antioxidant; Aronia; Chlorogenic acid (Pubchem CID: 1794427); Chokeberry; Citric acid; Colorant; Copigment; Cyandin 3-glucoside (Pubchem CID: 44256700); Cyanidin; Cyanidin 3-glucoside (Pubchem CID: 441667); Cyanidin 3-xyloside (Pubchem CID: 71315022); Fructose (Pubchem CID: 5984); Glucose (Pubchem CID: 79025); Neochlorogenic acid (Pubchem CID: 5280633); Pigment; Polyphenol; Quercetin (Pubchem CID: 5280343); Quercetin 3-galactoside (Pubchem CID: 5281643); Sorbitol (Pubchem CID: 5780); Sugar