title: Piwi-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs) Are Dysregulated in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Associated with Tumor Metastasis and Cancer-Specific Survival.
abstract: Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a distinct group of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) that silence transposable genetic elements to protect genome integrity. Because of their limited expression in gonads and sequence diversity, piRNAs remain the most mysterious class of small RNAs. Studies have shown piRNAs are present in somatic cells and dysregulated in gastric, breast and liver cancers. By deep sequencing 24 frozen benign kidney and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) specimens and using the publically available piRNA database, we found 26,991 piRNAs present in human kidney tissue. Among 920 piRNAs that had at least two copies in one specimen, 19 were differentially expressed in benign kidney and ccRCC tissues, and 46 were associated with metastasis. Among the metastasis-related piRNAs, we found three piRNAs (piR-32051, piR-39894 and piR-43607) to be derived from the same piRNA cluster at chromosome 17. We confirmed the three selected piRNAs not to be miRNAs or miRNA-like sncRNAs. We further validated the aberrant expression of the three piRNAs in a 68-case formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) ccRCC tissue cohort and showed the up-regulation of the three piRNAs to be highly associated with ccRCC metastasis, late clinical stage and poor cancer-specific survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xiwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hanlin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Arthur X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Young S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sumanta K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Clayton M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wengang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Huiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005810:Multigene Family; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering