title: Thyroid disorders are common in first-degree relatives of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thyroid diseases are common in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and should be investigated annually in these individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of thyroid diseases in first degree relatives (FDR) of patients with T1DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty individuals (40 patients with T1DM and 40 FDR) were interviewed and blood was sampled for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies measurement. Autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), islet antigen-2 (IA2) and autoantibodies against insulin (AAI) were measured in FDR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a similar prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with T1DM and their FDR (22.5% vs. 27.5%; p = 0,79). There were no differences in serum TSH levels (p = 0.29), FT4 (p = 0,45), frequency of abnormal TSH (p = 0.28), positive TPO antibodies (p = 0.13), titers of TPO antibodies (in positive cases) between patients with T1DM and their FDR (p = 0.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thyroid abnormalities seem to be common not only in patients with T1DM but also in their FDR, which suggests that screening strategies for thyroid diseases might also be useful to these individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases Section, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora Batista
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology Luiz Capriglione, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases Section, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natasha Ferreira Teixeira
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Melleti
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases Section, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joana Rodrigues
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases Section, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcus Miranda dos Santos
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases Section, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lenita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zajdenverg
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Section, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosangela Prendim
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaisman
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases Section, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adolpho
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milech
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases Section, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Egídio Paulo de
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases Section, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodacki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D013972:Thyrotropin; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine