title: Hepatic oxidative stress biomarker responses in freshwater fish Carassius auratus exposed to four benzophenone UV filters.
abstract: Benzophenone (BP) type UV filters are widely used in many personal care products to protect human from UV irradiation. Despite the estrogenic potencies to fish and the environmental occurrences of BP derivatives in aquatic systems, little information is available regarding their effects on the antioxidant defense system in fish. In this work, the oxidative stress induced in livers of Carassius auratus was assessed using four biomarkers. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) was applied to assess the overall antioxidant status in fish. Moreover, liver tissues were also studied histologically. The changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels suggested that BPs generates oxidative stress in fish. The IBR index revealed that the hepatic oxidative toxicity followed the order BP-1>BP-2>BP-4>BP-3. The histopathological analysis revealed lesions caused by BPs. This investigation provides essential information for assessing the potential ecological risk of BP-type UV filters.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China; College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Shaogui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Liansheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China. Electronic address: wangzun315cn@163.com.
authors.forename: Zunyao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001577:Benzophenones; D015415:Biomarkers; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C047723:benzophenone; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Benzophenones; Histological analysis; Integrated biomarker response; Oxidative stress; UV filters