title: Spread of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit at a university hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Brazil, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are associated with significant mortality, morbidity and costs. Studies on the clonal relatedness of these isolates could lay the foundation for effective infection prevention and control programs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to study the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of A. baumannii vs. P. aeruginosa VAP in an adult intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  It was conducted a cohort study of patients with VAP caused by carbapenem resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa during 14 months in an adult ICU. Genomic studies were used to investigate the clonal relatedness of carbapenem resistant OXA-23-producing A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. The risk factors for acquisition of VAP were also evaluated. Clinical isolates were collected for analysis as were samples from the environment and were typed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified trauma diagnosed at admission and inappropriate antimicrobial therapy as independent variables associated with the development of A. baumannii VAP and hemodialysis as independent variable associated with P. aeruginosa VAP. All carbapenem resistant clinical and environmental isolates of A. baumannii were OXA-23 producers. No MBL-producer P. aeruginosa was detected. Molecular typing revealed a polyclonal pattern; however, clone A (clinical) and H (surface) were the most frequent among isolates of A. baumannii tested, with a greater pattern of resistance than other isolates. In P. aeruginosa the most frequent clone I was multi-sensitive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest the requirement of constant monitoring of these microorganisms in order to control the spread of these clones in the hospital environment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: sabriroyer@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Luiza Souza
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliane Miyuki
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Pavoni Gomes
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Chagas
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paola Amaral de
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deivid William da Fonseca
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Batistão
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marise Dutra
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Asensi
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Gontijo Filho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosineide Marques
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ribas
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010641:Phenotype; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000382:microbiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; Intensive care unit; Molecular epidemiology; Multidrug-resistant