title: Mathematical Analysis of the Effects of HIV-Malaria Co-infection on Workplace Productivity.
abstract: In this paper, a nonlinear dynamical system is proposed and qualitatively analyzed to study the dynamics and effects of HIV-malaria co-infection in the workplace. Basic reproduction numbers of sub-models are derived and are shown to have LAS disease-free equilibria when their respective basic reproduction numbers are less than unity. Conditions for existence of endemic equilibria of sub-models are also derived. Unlike the HIV-only model, the malaria-only model is shown to exhibit a backward bifurcation under certain conditions. Conditions for optimal control of the co-infection are derived using the Pontryagin's maximum principle. Numerical experimentation on the resulting optimality system is performed. Using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, it is observed that combining preventative measures for both diseases is the best strategy for optimal control of HIV-malaria co-infection at the workplace.
authors.affiliation: Applied Mathematics Department, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University for Development, Navrongo, Ghana, bseidu@uds.edu.gh.
authors.forename: Baba
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seidu
authors.forename: Oluwole D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Makinde
authors.forename: Ibrahim Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Seini
mesh_terms: D060085:Coinfection; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004526:Efficiency; D006678:HIV / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017132:Workplace