title: [Simulation training in pulmonary medicine: Rationale, review of the literature and perspectives].
abstract: Training in pulmonary medicine requires the acquisition of a great deal of knowledge, but also technical know-how and interpersonal skills. The prevailing teaching pattern is mentorship. It implies a direct transmission of knowledge, but also entails some drawbacks such as disparity in learning opportunities, subjective evaluation of the trainee and potential risks for patients. There is growing interest in simulation training as a teaching technique, where students practice their skills in a secure environment, then analyse their performance in a debriefing session. It is complementary to other learning methods (abstraction, observation or mentorship) and forms part of an ethical approach: 'never practice on a real patient for the first time'. We have reviewed the literature related to simulation training in pulmonary medicine and in particular for physical examination, technical skills, pathologies, communication with patients and therapeutic education. In most of the studies, simulation training is a way of speeding up students' training - without necessarily yielding better results - and of respecting the procedures. We then present the French regulations and official guidelines regarding the use of this training method in the teaching of medicine. Finally, we shall consider some prospects of this approach for the community of pulmonologists.
authors.affiliation: LUNAM université, 49000 Angers, France; Angers plateforme hospitalo-universitaire de simulation en santé, 49933 Angers, France; Service de pneumologie, pôle des spécialités médicales et chirurgicales intégrées, CHU d'Angers, université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, France; Inserm UMR-S 1066, micro- et nanomédecines biomimétiques, 49933 Angers, France. Electronic address: johureaux@chu-angers.fr.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hureaux
authors.affiliation: LUNAM université, 49000 Angers, France; Angers plateforme hospitalo-universitaire de simulation en santé, 49933 Angers, France; Service de pneumologie, pôle des spécialités médicales et chirurgicales intégrées, CHU d'Angers, université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, France; Inserm UMR-S 1066, micro- et nanomédecines biomimétiques, 49933 Angers, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urban
mesh_terms: D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D008348:Manikins; D015272:Pulmonary Medicine / Q000193:education*; D000066908:Simulation Training
keywords: Apprentissage; Education; Learning; Patient simulation; Patient simulé; Pédagogie; Simulateur de tâche; Simulation; Simulation training; Task trainer