title: A novel bioelectrochemical interface based on in situ synthesis of gold nanostructures on electrode surfaces and surface activation by Meerwein's salt. A bioelectrochemical sensor for glucose determination.
abstract: A novel effective bioelectrochemical sensor interface for enzyme biosensors is proposed. The method is based on in situ synthesis of gold nanostructures (5-15 nm) on the thin-film electrode surface using the oleylamine (OA) method, which provides a high-density, stable, electrode interface nanoarchitecture. New method to activate the surface of the OA-stabilized nanostructured electrochemical interface for further functionalization with biomolecules (glucose oxidase enzyme) using Meerwein's salt is proposed. Using this approach a new biosensor for glucose determination with improved analytical characteristics: wide working range of 0.06-18.5mM with a sensitivity of 22.6 ± 0.5 μAmM(-1)cm(-2), limit of detection 0.02 mM, high reproducibility, and long lifetime (60 d, 93%) was developed. The surface morphology of the electrodes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of the interface were studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a Fe(II/III) redox couple. The studies revealed an increase in the electroactive surface area and a decrease in the charge transfer resistance following surface activation with Meerwein's reagent. A remarkably enhanced stability and reproducibility of the sensor was achieved using in situ synthesis of gold nanostructures on the electrode surface, while surface activation with Meerwein's salt proved indispensable in achieving an efficient bioelectrochemical interface.
authors.affiliation: Peter Grünberg Institute 8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology (JARA-FIT), 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nikolaev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ermakov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ermolenko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Averyaskina
authors.affiliation: Peter Grünberg Institute 8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology (JARA-FIT), 52428 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Offenhäusser
authors.affiliation: Peter Grünberg Institute 8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology (JARA-FIT), 52428 Jülich, Germany. Electronic address: y.mourzina@fz-juelich.de.
authors.forename: Yulia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mourzina
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Bioelectrochemical sensor; Glucose oxidase; Gold nanoparticle; Gold nanowire; Meerwein's reagent; Oleylamine