title: Nanoemulsion delivery systems for oil-soluble vitamins: Influence of carrier oil type on lipid digestion and vitamin D3 bioaccessibility.
abstract: The influence of carrier oil type on the bioaccessibility of vitamin D3 encapsulated within oil-in-water nanoemulsions prepared using a natural surfactant (quillaja saponin) was studied using a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) model: mouth; stomach; small intestine. The rate of free fatty acid release during lipid digestion decreased in the following order: medium chain triglycerides (MCT) > corn oil ≈ fish oil > orange oil > mineral oil. Conversely, the measured bioaccessibility of vitamin D3 decreased in the following order: corn oil ≈ fish oil > orange oil > mineral oil > MCT. These results show that carrier oil type has a considerable impact on lipid digestion and vitamin bioaccessibility, which was attributed to differences in the release of bioactives from lipid droplets, and their solubilization in mixed micelles. Nanoemulsions prepared using long chain triglycerides (corn or fish oil) were most effective at increasing vitamin bioaccessibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Chenoweth Laboratory, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey; Food Institute, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bengu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sanem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Argin
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozilgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Chenoweth Laboratory, Amherst, MA, USA; Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: mcclements@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: David Julian
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McClements
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D009821:Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D002762:Cholecalciferol
keywords: Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability; Calcifediol; Calcitriol; Carrier oil; Cholecalciferol; Digestion; Nanoemulsions; Quillaja saponin; Vitamin D(3)