title: Clinical Characteristics of Uveal Melanoma in Patients With Germline BAP1 Mutations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Somatic mutations in BAP1 (BRCA1-associated protein 1 gene) are frequently identified in uveal melanoma. To date, the role of germline BAP1 mutations in uveal melanoma has not been characterized.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the clinical phenotype of uveal melanoma in patients with germline BAP1 mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study at an academic ophthalmology referral center among 507 patients with uveal melanoma who consented for collection of blood samples. The study dates were June 22, 1992, to December 14, 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical characteristics of uveal melanoma and the development of metastases. BAP1 gene sequencing from blood samples of patients with uveal melanoma was correlated with clinical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 507 blood samples analyzed, 25 patients (4.9%) exhibited 18 BAP1 polymorphisms, of which 9 were novel. Computational analyses predicted that 8 BAP1 mutations in 8 patients (1.6%) were likely to result in damaged BAP1 protein. Five of these 8 mutations were novel. These 8 patients were compared with 482 patients in whom no BAP1 polymorphisms were identified. In univariate analyses, patients with germline BAP1 mutations exhibited larger tumor diameters (mean, 15.9 vs 12.3 mm; P = .004) and higher rates of ciliary body involvement (75.0% vs 21.6%, P = .002) and metastases (71.4% vs 18.0%, P = .003) compared with control subjects. Patients with germline BAP1 mutations exhibited increased frequency of family history of cancer (100% vs 65.9%, P = .06), particularly cutaneous melanoma (62.5% vs 9.9%, P < .001) and ocular melanoma (25.0% vs 1.9%, P = .01). No differences were identified in age at diagnosis, sex, history of other malignant neoplasm, presenting visual acuity, distance of the tumor from the optic nerve or fovea, iris involvement, extrascleral extension, or tumor pigmentation. Germline BAP1 mutations increased risk of metastasis independent of ciliary body involvement (P = .02). Germline BAP1 mutation approached significance as an independent risk factor for metastasis (P = .09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that germline BAP1 mutations occur infrequently in uveal melanoma and are associated with larger tumors and higher rates of ciliary body involvement, 2 known risk factors for metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston2Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Mrinali P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mayne
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
authors.forename: Margaux
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crabtree
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
authors.forename: Evangelos S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gragoudas
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
authors.forename: Ivana K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000235:genetics*; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D000098943:Uveal Melanoma
chemical_list: C400134:BAP1 protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase