title: Professional practice models for nursing: a review of the literature and synthesis of key components.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review aimed to synthesise literature describing the development and/or implementation and/or evaluation of a professional practice model to determine the key model components.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A professional practice model depicts nursing values and defines the structures and processes that support nurses to control their own practice and to deliver quality care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A review of English language papers published up to August 2014 identified 51 articles that described 38 professional practice models. Articles were subjected to qualitative analysis to identify the concepts common to all professional practice models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Key elements of professional practice models were theoretical foundation and six common components: leadership; nurses' independent and collaborative practice; environment; nurse development and reward; research/innovation; and patient outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A professional practice model provides the foundations for quality nursing practice. This review is an important resource for nurse leaders who seek to advance their organisation in a journey for excellence through the implementation of a professional practice model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This summary of published professional practice models provides a guide for nurse leaders who seek to develop a professional practice model. The essential elements of a professional practice model; theoretical foundation and six common components, are clearly described. These elements can provide the starting point for nurse leaders' discussions with staff to shape a professional practice model that is meaningful to direct care nurses.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia.|Centre for Nursing Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA, Australia.|School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2345-2862
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slatyer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nursing Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA, Australia.|School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Coventry
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nursing Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA, Australia.|School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Twigg
authors.affiliation: Corporate Nursing, Research and Education, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D002322:Career Mobility; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007857:Leadership; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009729:Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009745:Nursing, Supervisory / Q000458:organization & administration; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011787:Quality of Health Care
keywords: Magnet; empowerment; leadership; nursing; professional practice model; shared governance