title: Violence risk assessment in psychiatric patients in China: A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review on violence risk assessment instruments used for psychiatric patients in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search was conducted from 1980 until 2014 to identify studies that used psychometric tools or structured instruments to assess aggression and violence risk. Information from primary studies was extracted, including demographic characteristics of the samples used, study design characteristics, and reliability and validity estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 30 primary studies were identified that investigated aggression or violence; 6 reported on tools assessing aggression while an additional 24 studies reported on structured instruments designed to predict violence. Although measures of reliability were typically good, estimates of predictive validity were mostly in the range of poor to moderate, with only 1 study finding good validity. These estimates were typically lower than that found in previous work for Western samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is currently little evidence to support the use of current violence risk assessment instruments in psychiatric patients in China. Developing more accurate and scalable approaches are research priorities.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Province Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Jiansong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.affiliation: Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Yutao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Province Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Province Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK seena.fazel@psych.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Seena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fazel
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: China; Violence; prediction; risk assessment; systematic review