title: Effect of naturally occurring ozone air pollution episodes on pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation.
abstract: This study aimed to determine if naturally occurring episodes of ozone air pollution in the Salt Lake Valley in Utah, USA, during the summer are associated with increased pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress, increased respiratory symptoms, and decreased lung function in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to controls. We measured biomarkers (nitrite/nitrate (NOx), 8-isoprostane) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), spirometry, and respiratory symptoms in 11 former smokers with moderate-to-severe COPD and nine former smokers without airflow obstruction during periods of low and high ozone air pollution. High ozone levels were associated with increased NOx in EBC in both COPD (8.7 (±8.5) vs. 28.6 (±17.6) μmol/L on clean air vs. pollution days, respectively, p < 0.01) and control participants (7.6 (±16.5) vs. 28.5 (±15.6) μmol/L on clean air vs. pollution days, respectively, p = 0.02). There was no difference in pollution effect between COPD and control groups, and no difference in EBC 8-isoprostane, pulmonary function, or respiratory symptoms between clean air and pollution days in either group. Former smokers both with and without airflow obstruction developed airway oxidative stress and inflammation in association with ozone air pollution episodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Cheryl.pirozzi@hsc.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pirozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Anne.sturrock@hsc.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sturrock
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. cindy.weng@hsc.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Tom.Greene@hsc.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Scholand@genetics.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Scholand
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Richard.kanner@hsc.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kanner
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Robert.Paine@hsc.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paine
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001944:Breath Tests; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010126:Ozone
keywords: air pollution; airway inflammation; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; exhaled breath condensate; oxidative stress; ozone