title: Energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis trade-offs provide the basis for a new type of sensitivity to ocean acidification in a marine polychaete at a high-CO2 vent: adenylate and phosphagen energy pools versus carbonic anhydrase.
abstract: Species distributions and ecology can often be explained by their physiological sensitivity to environmental conditions. Whilst we have a relatively good understanding of how these are shaped by temperature, for other emerging drivers, such as PCO2  we know relatively little. The marine polychaete Sabella spallanzanii increases its metabolic rate when exposed to high PCO2  conditions and remains absent from the CO2 vent of Ischia. To understand new possible pathways of sensitivity to CO2 in marine ectotherms, we examined the metabolic plasticity of S. spallanzanii exposed in situ to elevated PCO2  by measuring fundamental metabolite and carbonic anhydrase concentrations. We show that whilst this species can survive elevated PCO2  conditions in the short term, and exhibits an increase in energy metabolism, this is accompanied by a significant decrease in carbonic anhydrase concentration. These homeostatic changes are unlikely to be sustainable in the longer term, indicating S. spallanzanii may struggle with future high PCO2  conditions.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden lucy.turner@gu.se.
authors.forename: Lucy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Dohrn, Ischia 80121, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ricevuto
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Dohrn, Ischia 80121, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massa-Gallucci
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Dohrn, Ischia 80121, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria-Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gambi
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada G5L 3A1.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calosi
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases
keywords: Annelid; Climate change; Homeostatic capacity; Individual approach; Mediterranean Sea; PCO2