title: Cytotoxic activity and induction of inflammatory mediators of the methanol:chloroform extract of Fusarium moniliforme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fusarium moniliforme is a phytopathogenic facultative fungus with a cosmopolitan distribution in all types of climates, and has a wide host range, including, among others, bean, rice, wheat and sorghum crops. There is a current lack of knowledge regarding the potential of these fungi, so it is considered to be of great importance to obtain information related to the biological activity of extracts and secondary metabolites.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  An evaluation of the role of methanol:chloroform extract of F. moniliforme in the production of inflammatory cytokines and their cytotoxic activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The production of nitric oxide was analyzed by the Griess method, the production of cytokines using ELISA, and the effects of the extract on cell cycle and induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract of F. moniliforme was seen to be able to stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production in J774A.1 cells, as well as to produce cytokines such as, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. It was also observed that the extract of F. moniliforme produces activity on cell cycle modulation and apoptosis when tested in carcinogenic cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained from this study open the possibility of obtaining and identifying metabolites of the extract of F. moniliforme that can be evaluated for possible use in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: María de la Soledad
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Lagunes-Castro
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Laboratorio de Alta Tecnología de Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Trigos
authors.affiliation: LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: Aracely
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Monteon
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Alta Tecnología de Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Electronic address: angramos@uv.mx.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramos-Ligonio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002725:Chloroform; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000432:Methanol; D051379:Mice; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012997:Solvents; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012997:Solvents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002725:Chloroform; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Actividad citotóxica; Citocina; Cytokine; Cytotoxic activity; Fusarium moniliforme; Hongo fitopatógeno; Nitric oxide; Phytopathogenic fungus; Óxido nítrico