title: Acute response and chronic stimulus for cardiac structural and functional adaptation in a professional boxer.
abstract: The individual response to acute and chronic changes in cardiac structure and function to intense exercise training is not fully understood and therefore evidence in this setting may help to improve the timing and interpretation of pre-participation cardiac screening. The following case report highlights an acute increase in right ventricular (RV) size and a reduction in left ventricular (LV) basal radial function with concomitant increase at the mid-level in response to a week's increase in training volume in a professional boxer. These adaptations settle by the second week; however, chronic physiological adaptation occurs over a 12-week period. Electrocardiographic findings demonstrate an acute lateral T-wave inversion at 1 week, which revert to baseline for the duration of training. It appears that a change in training intensity and volume generates an acute response within the RV that acts as a stimulus for chronic adaptation in this professional boxer.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L3 3FT , UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oxborough
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L3 3FT , UK.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L3 3FT , UK.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Utomi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L3 3FT , UK.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L3 3FT , UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic , Aintree University Hospitals NHS Trust and British Boxing Board of Control , London , UK.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L3 3FT , UK ; Cardio-Respiratory and Vascular Department , Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Trust , Chester , UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Somauroo