title: Transformations of chloro and nitro groups during the peroxymonosulfate-based oxidation of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol.
abstract: Dechlorination and denitration are known to occur during the oxidative degradation of chloronitroaromatic compounds, but the possibility of re-chlorination and re-nitration of chloro and nitro groups is not assessed despite of its importance in evaluating the applicability of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this study, transformation of chloro and nitro groups in degradation of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2NP) by sulfate radical generated via Co-mediated peroxymonosulfate activation was investigated. Both chloride and nitrate ions were found as the main inorganic products of chloro and nitro groups in 4C2NP, but their levels were much lower than that of degraded parent 4C2NP. A typical dual effect of chloride on the 4C2NP degradation kinetics was observed, whereas no measurable influence was found for addition of low level nitrate. Re-chlorination took place, but re-nitration was not verified because several polychlorophenols but none of polynitrophenols were detected. The specific degradation mechanism involved in the transformation of nitro group and chloro group was proposed.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Jiuhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Dongxue
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Yaoguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Changling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China. Electronic address: zhaohuiwang@dhu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Jianshe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004583:Electrons; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D007477:Ions; D007700:Kinetics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007477:Ions; D009596:Nitrophenols; D010545:Peroxides; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C069025:sulfate radical; C038288:peroxymonosulfate; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C068311:4-chloro-2-nitrophenol; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Chlorinated byproducts; Degradation; Denitration; Sulfate radical