title: Focal mid-ventricular anterior ballooning: An unusual pattern of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
abstract: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) or left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome is typically characterized by reversible systolic dysfunction of the apical- and mid-segments of the left ventricle. Symptoms are precipitated by intense emotional or physical stress, in the absence of obstructive coronary artery lesions. The most common presentation of TC is a transient left ventricular apical ballooning. However, recent case reports have described various patterns of TC associated with distinct regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. One of very rare these variants, referred to as a "mid-ventricular" type, is characterized by akinesis with or without ballooning of the mid-ventricular segment, together with a hyperdynamic base and apex. Using left ventriculography we describe an atypical form of TC with transient, focal mid-ventricular ballooning of the anterior segment, followed by complete resolution of ballooning, as observed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey;
authors.forename: Selami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey;
authors.forename: Emrah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ermis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey;
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatem
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey;
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.affiliation: Palandöken State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Lutfu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Askin
keywords: Atypical form of takotsubo cardiomyopathy; diagnosis; mid-ventricular anterior ballooning