title: Micro-irradiation tools to visualize base excision repair and single-strand break repair.
abstract: Microscopy and micro-irradiation imaging techniques have significantly advanced our knowledge of DNA damage tolerance and the assembly of DNA repair proteins at the sites of damage. While these tools have been extensively applied to the study of nucleotide excision repair and double-strand break repair, their application to the repair of oxidatively-induced base lesions and single-strand breaks is just beginning to yield new insights. This review will focus on examining micro-irradiation techniques reported to create base lesions and single-strand breaks; these lesions are considered to be primarily addressed by proteins involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. By examining conditions for generating these DNA lesions and reviewing information on the assembly and dissociation of repair complexes at the induced lesion sites, we hope to promote further investigations into BER and to stimulate further development and enhancement of these techniques for the study of BER.
authors.affiliation: Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Gassman
authors.affiliation: Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: wilson5@niehs.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D053904:DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004260:DNA Repair; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents
keywords: Base excision repair; DNA damage; DNA repair; Micro-irradiation; PARP inhibitors; PARP-1; Reactive oxygen species; Single-strand break repair; XRCC1