title: The effects of dietary oxidized konjac glucomannan and its acidolysis products on the immune response, expression of immune related genes and disease resistance of Schizothorax prenanti.
abstract: In the present study, KGM was degraded by H2O2 and HCl to obtain two products with different molecular weights: oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM, 4.7 × 10(5) Da) and low-molecular-weight oxidized konjac glucomannan (L-OKGM, 9.2 × 10(3) Da). The effects of the two OKGM products on IL-1β, TNF-α, and TLR22 gene expression, and immune parameters and the resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of Schizothorax prenanti were determined. The results showed that the lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced by the L-OKGM diets. The SOD activity was significantly increased by both OKGM and L-OKGM diets. The MDA level of fish fed the OKGM and L-OKGM diets was significantly lower than the control group. IL-1β mRNA level in the spleen significantly increased in all L-OKGM fed groups. The 8.0 g kg(-1) L-OKGM diet also significantly up-regulated IL-1β gene expression in the head kidney. In the gut, IL-1β mRNA levels were significantly higher in fish fed with the 8.0 g kg(-1) OKGM and 16.0 g kg(-1) L-OKGM diets. The TNF-α mRNA level of L-OKGM group significantly increased in the spleen, head kidney and gut. High dosing of OKGM significantly up-regulated TNF-α transcription in the head kidney, while only the 8.0 g kg(-1) OKGM group showed significantly higher TNF-α mRNA expression in the mesonephros. Fish fed the L-OKGM diets showed significantly higher expression of TLR22 in the spleen, head kidney and mesonephros. After the injection of A. hydrophila, the 8.0 g kg(-1) L-OKGM group showed a significantly higher survival rate than did the control group. Present study suggests that OKGM and L-OKGM can up-regulate immune-related gene expression and enhance disease resistance in S. prenanti, and L-OKGM exhibits higher immunomodulatory activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiaoran
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan, PR China; College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address: 405135288@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yinglong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Huailiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Haolan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila; D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008351:Mannans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C022901:(1-6)-alpha-glucomannan; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Immunity; Interleukin-1β; Molecular weight; Oxidized konjac glucomannan; Toll-like receptor 22; Tumor necrosis factor-α