title: Antibacterial Compounds from Propolis of Tetragonula laeviceps and Tetrigona melanoleuca (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Thailand.
abstract: This study investigated the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of propolis collected from two stingless bee species Tetragonula laeviceps and Tetrigona melanoleuca (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Six xanthones, one triterpene and one lignane were isolated from Tetragonula laeviceps propolis. Triterpenes were the main constituents in T. melanoleuca propolis. The ethanol extract and isolated compounds from T. laeviceps propolis showed a higher antibacterial activity than those of T. melanoleuca propolis as the constituent α-mangostin exhibited the strongest activity. Xanthones were found in propolis for the first time; Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) was the most probable plant source. In addition, this is the first report on the chemical composition and bioactivity of propolis from T. melanoleuca.
authors.affiliation: The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirikarn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanpa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Vassya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bankova
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tawee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tunkasiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sukum
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eitssayeam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panuwan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chantawannakul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006927:Hymenoptera; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011429:Propolis