title: Absence of multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A isolates with intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 64 blood stream isolates of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A studied from January 2013 to December 2014 at a tertiary care centre in North India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolates were identified by standard biochemical reactions and confirmed by slide agglutination using specific antisera. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and by E-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 92% (46/50) of Salmonella Typhi and all Paratyphi A (n=14) isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. Eighty percent of Typhi (40/50) and 64% (9/14) of Paratyphi A were intermediately susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Nineteen percent (12/64) of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. No resistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study adds to the current knowledge of world-wide reports of multidrug resistance in S. Typhi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Section Bacteriology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India drricha1976@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Section Bacteriology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Section Bacteriology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Section Bacteriology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Section Bacteriology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Malay
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012482:Salmonella paratyphi A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D063128:Tertiary Health Care; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
keywords: Ciprofloxacin susceptibility; Multidrug resistance; Nalidixic acid resistance; Salmonella