title: Transcriptional and metabolic alternations rebalance wheat grain storage protein accumulation under variable nitrogen and sulfur supply.
abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain storage proteins (GSPs) are major determinants of flour end-use value. Biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental and nutritional determination of GSP accumulation in cereals are as yet poorly understood. Here we timed the accumulation of GSPs during wheat grain maturation relative to changes in metabolite and transcript pools in different conditions of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) availability. We found that the N/S supply ratio modulated the duration of accumulation of S-rich GSPs and the rate of accumulation of S-poor GSPs. These changes are likely to be the result of distinct relationships between N and S allocation, depending on the S content of the GSP. Most developmental and nutritional modifications in GSP synthesis correlated with the abundance of structural gene transcripts. Changes in the expression of transport and metabolism genes altered the concentrations of several free amino acids under variable conditions of N and S supply, and these amino acids seem to be essential in determining GSP expression. The comprehensive data set generated and analyzed here provides insights that will be useful in adapting fertilizer use to variable N and S supply, or for breeding new cultivars with balanced and robust GSP composition.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63 039, France.|UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, F-63 177, France.
authors.forename: Zhanwu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63 039, France.|UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, F-63 177, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plessis
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63 039, France.|UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, F-63 177, France.|UMR6158 CNRS Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, F-63 173, France.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63 039, France.|UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, F-63 177, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duchateau
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63 039, France.|UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, F-63 177, France.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Besson
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63 039, France.|UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, F-63 177, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dardevet
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33 882, France.
authors.forename: Duyen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prodhomme
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33 882, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gibon
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33 882, France.
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hilbert
authors.affiliation: UMR6158 CNRS Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, F-63 173, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pailloux
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63 039, France.|UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, F-63 177, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ravel
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63 039, France.|UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière, F-63 177, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martre
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D017343:Genes, Plant; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D059467:Transcriptome; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; C038234:storage protein, Triticum aestivum; D013455:Sulfur; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Triticum aestivum; integrative analysis; nitrogen; seed storage protein; sulfur deficiency