title: Scoping review of adherence promotion theories in pelvic floor muscle training - 2011 ICS state-of-the-science seminar research paper i of iv.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper, the first of four emanating from the International Continence Society's 2011 State-of-the-Science Seminar on pelvic-floor-muscle training (PFMT) adherence, aimed to summarize the literature on theoretical models to promote PFMT adherence, as identified in the research, or suggested by the seminar's expert panel, and recommends future directions for clinical practice and research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Existing literature on theories of health behavior were identified through a conventional subject search of electronic databases, reference-list checking, and input from the expert panel. A core eligibility criterion was that the study included a theoretical model to underpin adherence strategies used in an intervention to promote PFM training/exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A brief critique of 12 theoretical models/theories is provided and, were appropriate, their use in PFMT adherence strategies identified or examples of possible uses in future studies outlined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A better theoretical-based understanding of interventions to promote PFMT adherence through changes in health behaviors is required. The results of this scoping review and expert opinions identified several promising models. Future research should explicitly map the theories behind interventions that are thought to improve adherence in various populations (e.g., perinatal women to prevent or lessen urinary incontinence). In addition, identified behavioral theories applied to PFMT require a process whereby their impact can be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McClurg
authors.affiliation: Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.|Allied Health, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frawley
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.|Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hay-Smith
authors.affiliation: Psychology Applied to Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Yueh
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mair
authors.affiliation: School of rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.|Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Chantale
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumoulin
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: adherence; adherence strategies; compliance; concordance; health behavior models; health theory models; pelvic floor exercise; pelvic floor muscle training