title: Immunohistochemical screening for antibodies in recent onset type 1 narcolepsy and after H1N1 vaccination.
abstract: Narcolepsy type 1 patients typically have undetectable hypocretin-1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as a result of a selective loss of the hypocretin containing neurons in the hypothalamus. An autoimmune attack targeting hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin) neurons is hypothesised. So far, no direct evidence for an autoimmune attack was found. One of the major limitations of previous studies was that none included patients close to disease onset. We screened serum of 21 narcolepsy type 1 patients close to disease onset (median 11 months), including 8 H1N1 vaccinated patients, for antibodies against hypocretin neurons using immunohistochemistry. No autoantibodies against hypocretin neurons could be detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.van_der_heide@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Heide
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingrid M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Hegeman-Kleinn
authors.affiliation: Medisch Centrum Haaglanden, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA den Haag, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; SleepWake Centre SEIN, Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fronczek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D008326:Mammillary Bodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000276:immunology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D000068797:Orexins; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; C000596229:HCRT protein, human; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins
keywords: Autoimmune; Cataplexy; Hypothalamus; Immunohistochemistry; Narcolepsy type 1