title: Coat Protein-Dependent Behavior of Poly(ethylene glycol) Tails in Iron Oxide Core Virus-like Nanoparticles.
abstract: Here we explore the formation of virus-like nanoparticles (VNPs) utilizing 22-24 nm iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) as cores and proteins derived from viral capsids of brome mosaic virus (BMV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) as shells. To accomplish that, hydrophobic FeO/Fe3O4 NPs prepared by thermal decomposition of iron oleate were coated with poly(maleic acid-alt-octadecene) modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tails of different lengths and grafting densities. MRI studies show high r2/r1 relaxivity ratios of these NPs that are practically independent of the polymer coating type. The versatility and flexibility of the viral capsid protein are on display as they readily form shells that exceed their native size. The location of the long PEG tails upon shell formation was investigated by electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. PEG tails were located differently in the BMV and HBV VNPs, with the BMV VNPs preferentially entrapping the tails in the interior and the HBV VNPs allowing the tails to extend through the capsid, which highlights the differences between intersubunit interactions in these two icosahedral viruses. The robustness of the assembly reaction and the protruding PEG tails, potentially useful in modulating the immune response, make the systems introduced here a promising platform for biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.
authors.forename: Andrey G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Malyutin
authors.affiliation: §Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47403, United States.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.
authors.forename: Olivia R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Felix
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: ∥Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.
authors.forename: Barry D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: ‡EMBL, Hamburg Outstation, Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Petr V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Konarev
authors.affiliation: ‡EMBL, Hamburg Outstation, Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dmitri I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Svergun
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dragnea
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.|#Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Lyudmila M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bronstein
mesh_terms: D017795:Bromovirus / Q000737:chemistry*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D011108:Polymers; C000499:ferric oxide; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: brome mosaic virus; core−shell; hepatitis B virus; iron oxide; magnetic nanoparticles; poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG); poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene); virus-like nanoparticles