title: Adenovirus in Rural Côte D'Ivoire: High Diversity and Cross-Species Detection.
abstract: The Taï region in Western Côte d'Ivoire is characterized by extensive overlap of human and animal habitats. This could influence patterns of adenovirus transmission between humans and domestic animals. Fecal samples from humans and various domestic animals were tested for the presence of adenoviruses by PCR. Phylogenetic and species delineation analyses were performed to further characterize the adenoviruses circulating in the region and to identify potential cross-species transmission events. Among domestic animals, adenovirus shedding was frequent (21.6% of domestic mammals and 41.5% of chickens) and the detected strains were highly diverse, several of them representing novel types. Although no evidence for zoonotic transmission of animal adenovirus was obtained, the present study provides concordant evidence in favor of common cross-species transmission of adenoviruses between different animal species and first indications for adenovirus transmission from humans to animals. These findings underline the thus far underestimated importance of reverse zoonotic transmission of viruses and of the role of domestic animals as pathogen reservoirs, "bridge species," or intermediate hosts.
authors.affiliation: Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.|Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.|Department of Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 20A Rue Auguste Lumière, 1950, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Maude
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouake, BP V18, Bouake 01, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akoua-Koffi
authors.affiliation: Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Nanina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buchwald
authors.affiliation: Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Grit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire National d`Aide au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Couacy-Hymann
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouake, BP V18, Bouake 01, Côte d'Ivoire.|Laboratoire National d`Aide au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Augustin Etile
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Anoh
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouake, BP V18, Bouake 01, Côte d'Ivoire.|Laboratoire National d`Aide au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Arsène
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mossoun
authors.affiliation: Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calvignac-Spencer
authors.affiliation: Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Siv Aina
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Leendertz
authors.affiliation: Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany. leendertzf@rki.de.
authors.forename: Fabian H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Leendertz
authors.affiliation: Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany. ehlersb@rki.de.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ehlers
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000821:virology*; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire / Q000453:epidemiology; D017753:Ecosystem; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Adenoviridae; Classification; Phylogeny; Sub-Saharan Africa; Transmission