title: Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates spheroid attachment on fallopian tube epithelial cells through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and down-regulation of olfactomedin-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on olfactomedin-1 (Olfm1) expression and spheroid attachment in human fallopian tube epithelial cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproductive biology laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy nonpregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  No patient interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) and Olfm1 expression in fallopian tube epithelium cell line (OE-E6/E7 cells). OE-E6/E7 cells treated with hCG, U0126 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, or XAV939 Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor were analyzed by Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and in vitro spheroid attachment assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human chorionic gonadotropin increased spheroid attachment on OE-E6/E7 cells through down-regulation of Olfm1 and activation of Wnt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. U0126 down-regulated both MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and up-regulated Olfm1 expression. XAV939 down-regulated only the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway but up-regulated Olfm1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human chorionic gonadotropin activated both ERK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and enhanced spheroid attachment on fallopian tube epithelial cells through down-regulation of Olfm1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kam-Hei
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: So
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Suranga P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kodithuwakku
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, The University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Kottawattage S A
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kottawatta
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; ShenZhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Raymond H W
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; ShenZhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Philip C N
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Annie N Y
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; ShenZhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ernest H Y
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; ShenZhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: William S B
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; ShenZhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: ckflee@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Kai-Fai
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002460:Cell Line; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; C081451:olfactomedin
keywords: MAPK signaling; Olfactomedin-1; Wnt-signaling; fallopian tube; tubal ectopic pregnancy