title: Basal metabolic rate in children with chronic kidney disease and healthy control children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meeting energy requirements of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is paramount to optimising growth and clinical outcome, but little information on this subject has been published. In this study, we examined basal metabolic rate (BMR; a component of energy expenditure) with the aim to determine whether it is related to kidney function independently of weight, height and lean body mass (LBM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children with CKD and 20 healthy age- and gender-matched control children were studied on one occasion. BMR was measured by indirect open circuit calorimetry and predicted by the Schofield equation. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was related to BMR and adjusted for weight, height, age and LBM measured by skinfold thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adjusted BMR of children with CKD did not differ significantly from that of healthy subjects (1296 ± 318 vs.1325 ± 178 kcal/day; p = 0.720). Percentage of predicted BMR also did not differ between the two groups (102 ± 12% vs. 99 ± 14%; p = 0.570). Within the CKD group, eGFR (mean 33.7 ± 20.5 mL/min/m(2)) was significantly related to BMR (β 0.3, r = 0.517, p = 0.019) independently of nutritional status and LBM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems reasonable to use estimated average requirement as the basis of energy prescriptions for children with CKD (mean CKD stage 3 disease). However, those who were sicker had significantly lower metabolic rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre-Nutrition, Southampton Children's Hospital, University of Southampton-University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, E level Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. caroline.anderson@uhs.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Southampton Children's Hospital, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Rodney D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre-Nutrition, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Marinos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elia
mesh_terms: D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: Basal metabolic rate; Children; Chronic kidney disease; Energy requirements; Glomerular filtration rate; Lean body mass