title: Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in females and males in different cervical vertebral maturation stages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in female and male subjects at various cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 60 subjects, 30 females and 30 males, in the age range of 8-23 years. For all subjects, serum IGF-1 level was estimated from blood samples by means of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). CVM was assessed on lateral cephalograms using the method described by Baccetti. Serum IGF-1 level and cervical staging data of 30 female subjects were included and taken from records of a previous study. Data were analyzed by Kruska-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Bonferroni correction was carried out and alpha value was set at 0.003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak value of serum IGF-1 was observed in cervical stages CS3 in females and CS4 in males. Differences between males and females were observed in mean values of IGF-1 at stages CS3, 4 and 5. The highest mean IGF-1 levels in males was observed in CS4 followed by CS5 and third highest in CS3; whereas in females the highest mean IGF-1 levelswas observed in CS3 followed by CS4 and third highest in CS5. Trends of IGF-1 in relation to the cervical stages also differed between males and females. The greatest mean serum IGF-1 value for both sexes was comparable, for females (397 ng/ml) values were slightly higher than in males (394.8 ng/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Males and females showed differences in IGF-1 trends and levels at different cervical stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Index Institute of Dental Science, Rau, Indore, India.
authors.forename: Shreya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, (M.P.), India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deoskar
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, India.
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, India.
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000254:growth & development*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I