title: Making the strongest argument: Reply to Pepperberg (2015).
abstract: Jaakkola (2014) argued that because the majority of studies of animals' understanding of invisible displacement did not adequately control for the use of alternative lower-level strategies, clear and solid evidence for a conceptual understanding of invisible displacement existed only for great apes. Pepperberg (2015) takes issue with this conclusion with respect to Grey parrots. While I agree that olfactory and social cueing may not be issues of concern for parrots, I reiterate the need for a study that adequately controls for associative learning before we can confidently claim that parrots understand invisible displacement.
authors.affiliation: Dolphin Research Center.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaakkola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000502:physiology*; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D015186:Hominidae / Q000502:physiology*; D008322:Mammals / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*