title: Evaluation of engraftment of superparamagnetic iron oxide-labeled mesenchymal stem cells using three-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging in photothrombotic cerebral infarction models of rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate engraftment by visualizing the location of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) three-dimensionally in photothrombotic cerebral infarction (PTCI) models of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an agarose block containing superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled hBM-MSCs was performed using a 3.0-T MRI, T2-(T2WI), T2(*)-(T2(*)WI), and susceptibility-weighted images (SWI). PTCI was induced in 6 rats, and 2.5 × 10(5) SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs were infused through the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA group) or tail vein (IV group). MRI was performed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after stem cell injection. Dark signal regions were confirmed using histology. Three-dimensional MRI reconstruction was performed using the clinical workflow solution to evaluate the engraftment of hBM-MSCs. Volumetric analysis of the engraftment was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The volumes of SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs in the phantom MRI were 129.3, 68.4, and 25.9 µL using SWI, T2(*)WI, and T2WI, respectively. SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs appeared on day 1 after injection, encircling the cerebral infarction from the ventral side. Dark signal regions matched iron positive cells and human origin (positive) cells. The volume of the engraftment was larger in the ICA group on days 1, 3, and 7, after stem cell injection (p < 0.05 on SWI). SWI was the most sensitive MRI pulse sequence (p < 0.05). The volume of infarction decreased until day 14.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The engraftment of SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs can be visualized and evaluated three-dimensionally in PTCI models of rats. The engraftment volume was larger in the ICA group than IV group on early stage within one week.
authors.affiliation: Department of Convergence Medicine and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Jaehyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-755, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Kook
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-755, Korea.
authors.forename: Jisung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Convergence Medicine and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea. ; Major of Biomedical Science, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Serah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C065507:ferumoxides
keywords: 3D reconstruction; MRI; Mesenchymal stem cell; Photothrombotic cerebral infarction; Superparamagnetic iron oxide