title: Factors associated with serum soluble inhibitors of Wnt-β-catenin signaling (sclerostin and dickkopf-1) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sclerostin and dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) are soluble inhibitors of Wnt-β-catenin signaling and are involved in decreased bone formation and bone volume in patients with various bone diseases. The clinical characteristics of sclerostin and Dkk-1 and their impacts on mineral and bone metabolism remain undetermined in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study investigated the association between serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 levels and mineral disorders in 74 outpatients under PD treatment. Levels of sclerostin and Dkk-1 in serum, urine, and peritoneal dialysate were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The associations between serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 levels and biochemical parameters were evaluated by linear regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 levels were 138 pmol/L (range, 98.3-195.9 pmol/L) and 38.8 pmol/L (range, 28.5-47.1 pmol/L), respectively. Both sclerostin and Dkk-1 were excreted into urine and peritoneal dialysate. Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that serum sclerostin level was significantly associated with age, sex, parathyroid hormone level, and renal Kt/V. In contrast, serum Dkk-1 level was associated with platelet count and serum fibroblast growth factor 23 level but not with any of the bone metabolic markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum sclerostin was associated with serum intact parathyroid hormone, while Dkk-1 was associated with serum fibroblast growth factor 23 in patients undergoing PD. The utility of determining soluble Wnt-β-catenin inhibitors levels in patients undergoing PD requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.|Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.|Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuruya
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ooboshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitazono
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015415:Biomarkers; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C501126:DKK1 protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C470125:PTH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; C422903:SOST protein, human; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
keywords: Wnt-β-catenin signaling; dickkopf-1; peritoneal dialysis; sclerostin