title: Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates oxidative stress and myocardial apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: We evaluated the cardioprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in a diabetic rat model induced with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Ginsenoside Rg1 was injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Myocardial injury indices and oxidative stress markers were determined. Changes in cardiac ultrastructure were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy. Myocardial apoptosis was assessed via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated DNA nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry. Ginsenoside Rg1 was associated with a significant dose-dependent reduction in serum levels of creatinine kinase MB and cardiac troponin I, and lessened ultrastructural disorders in diabetic myocardium, relative to the untreated diabetic model rats. Also, compared with the untreated diabetic rats, significant reductions in serum and myocardial levels of malondialdehyde were noted in the ginsenoside Rg1-treated groups, and increased levels of the antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were detected. TUNEL staining indicated reduced myocardial apoptosis in ginsenoside Rg1-treated rats, which may be associated with reduced levels of caspase-3 (CASP3) and increased levels of B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) in the diabetic myocardium. Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment of diabetic rats was associated with reduced oxidative stress and attenuated myocardial apoptosis, suggesting that ginsenoside Rg1 may be of potential preventative and therapeutic value for cardiovascular injury in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, PLA No. 208 Hospital, Changchun 130062, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
authors.forename: Hai-tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Jin-ning
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Sui-sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494813:Bcl2l1 protein, rat; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D036145:Ginsenosides; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013311:Streptozocin; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1
keywords: Apoptosis; Caspase-3 (CASP3); Diabetic cardiomyopathy; Ginsenoside Rg1; Oxidative stress