title: High Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-11 indicates Poor Prognosis in Human Cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA) is serious public health problem in Thailand, especially in the northeastern and northern regions. CHCA is known as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors associated with local invasion and a high rate of metastasis. A crucial step in the invasion process is the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basal membranes, for which several studies have shown a critical role played by matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP-11).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aim to detect MMP-11 expression in CHCA specimens and any correlation with survival time.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted of 30 patients with CHCA in Rajvithi hospital, who had undergone immunohistochemical staining of MMP-11. Relationships between clinicopathological data and MMP-11 expression in CHCA specimens were analyzed by the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. The estimated survival and the survival differences were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-11 expression was found in 15 specimens (50%). The overall mean survival time is 237.0 days (95% CI 135.4-338.5, SD 271.9). Specimens with a positive MMP-11 had an average survival time of 136.7 days (95%CI 50.3-223.1, SD 156.0). Survival differences was signficant for the positive and negative MMP-11(p=0.022), but not well differentiated tumor and moderate to poor differentiated tumor (p=0.755), CA19-9 level of >1,000 and <1,000 (p=0.488), and between advanced and non-advanced staging (p=0.388).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The positive MMP-11 expression indicates poor prognosis in CHCA specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhonratchasima, Thailand E-mail : natthawut.k@hotmail.com, natthawut_kae@vu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Taweesak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tongtawee
authors.forename: Soraya J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kaewpitoon
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loyd
authors.forename: Supachai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanvitan
authors.forename: Kawin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leelawat
authors.forename: Niphol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Praditpol
authors.forename: Supathip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jujinda
authors.forename: Natthawut
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaewpitoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D053507:Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C511771:MMP11 protein, human; D053507:Matrix Metalloproteinase 11