title: Specific anion effects in Artemia salina.
abstract: The specific anion effect on the vitality of Artemia salina was investigated by measuring the Lethal Time LT50 of the crustaceans in the presence of different sodium salts solutions at room temperature and at the same ionic strength as natural seawater. Fluoride, thiocyanate and perchlorate are the most toxic agents, while chloride, bromide and sulfate are well tolerated. The rates of oxygen consumption of brine shrimps were recorded in mixed NaCl+NaF or NaCl+NaSCN solutions as a function of time. The results are discussed in terms of the Hofmeister series, and suggest that, besides the biochemical processes that involve F(-), SCN(-) and ClO4(-), the different physico-chemical properties of the strong kosmotropic and chaotropic anions may contribute in determining their strong toxicity for A. salina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Enzo Ferroni Foundation, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy. Electronic address: pln@csgi.unifi.it.
authors.forename: Pierandrea
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lo Nostro
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: Barry W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Ninham
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carretti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dei
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baglioni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005459:Fluorides; D010472:Perchlorates; D010710:Phosphates; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions; D013431:Sulfates
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D010472:Perchlorates; D010710:Phosphates; D012996:Solutions; D013431:Sulfates; C012980:fluorophosphate; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005459:Fluorides; C494474:perchlorate
keywords: Artemia salina; Brine shrimp; Hofmeister series; Specific ion effects