title: Oxidant/antioxidant effects of chronic exposure to predator odor in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus.
abstract: The incidence of anxiety-related diseases is increasing these days, hence there is a need to understand the mechanisms that underlie its nature and consequences. It is known that limbic structures, mainly the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, are involved in the processing of anxiety, and that projections from prefrontal cortex and amygdala can induce activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with consequent cardiovascular changes, increase in oxygen consumption, and ROS production. The compensatory reaction can include increased antioxidant enzymes activities, overexpression of antioxidant enzymes, and genetic shifts that could include the activation of antioxidant genes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant effect that chronic anxiogenic stress exposure can have in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus by exposition to predator odor. Results showed (a) sensitization of the HPA axis response, (b) an enzymatic phase 1 and 2 antioxidant response to oxidative stress in amygdala, (c) an antioxidant stability without elevation of oxidative markers in prefrontal cortex, (d) an elevation in phase 1 antioxidant response in hypothalamus. Chronic exposure to predator odor has an impact in the metabolic REDOX state in amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus, with oxidative stress being prevalent in amygdala as this is the principal structure responsible for the management of anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo S/N, Zona Pronaf, C.P. 32315, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Mejia-Carmona
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gosselink
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pérez-Ishiwara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002415:Cats; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000201:enzymology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016877:Oxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D003345:Corticosterone