title: Application of toxicity identification evaluation procedure to toxic industrial effluent in South Korea.
abstract: Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was applied to the effluent from a pharmaceutical industrial complex, following the US EPA TIE guidelines. The whole effluent toxicity (WET) test found toxicity greater than 16toxic units (TU) in the effluent. Dissolved non-polar organic compounds were identified as the major contributor to the observed toxicity in the TIE manipulations in phases I and II. Among the 48 organic compounds identified, three compounds (i.e., acetophenone, benzoimide, and benzothiazole) were related to the pharmaceutical production procedure; however, no contribution to toxicity was predicted in the compounds. The results of the ECOSAR model, which predicts toxicity, indicated that the alkane compounds caused significant toxicity in the effluent. The toxicity test and heavy metal analysis, which used IC and ICP/MS, identified that particulate and heavy metals, such as Cu and Zn, contributed to the remaining toxicity, except dissolved organics. The results showed the applicability of the TIE method for predicting regional effluents produced by the industrial pharmaceutical complex in this study. Although the location was assumed to be affected by discharge of pharmaceutical related compounds in the river, no correlations were observed in the study. Based on the results, advanced treatment processes, such as activated carbon adsorption, are recommended for the wastewater treatment process in this location.
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-910, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ra
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Yong
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: JeollaNamdo Environmental Industries Promotion Institute, 650-94 Songgye-ro, Sungjeon-Myeon, Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do 527-811, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Don
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000032:analysis; D000327:Adsorption; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000032:analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D007094:Imides / Q000032:analysis; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D007221:Industry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D056910:Republic of Korea; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002244:Carbon; D007094:Imides; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C005465:benzothiazole; C038699:acetophenone
keywords: Effluents; Pharmaceutical; Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE)