title: Glycemic control rate of T2DM outpatients in China: a multi-center survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-associated mortality and morbidity are strongly dependent on glycemic control. With T2DM prevalence increasing in China, we aimed to assess glycemic control rates in Chinese T2DM outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 9065 adult T2DM outpatients (5035 men) were assessed in 26 Chinese medical centers between August 2010 and April 2012. Patients were stratified according to BMI (kg/m2): <24, 24-28, and >28. Successful glycemic control was defined as glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≤7% or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) <7.0 mmol/L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the participants included in this study, 2939 had BMI <24, 3361 had BMI of 24-28, and 2764 had BMI >28. The glycemic control rate was only 32.6%, and the triple control rate for glycemia, blood pressure, and lipidemia was only 11.2%. Glycemic control rates by BMI group were 33.7% (<24), 33.8% (24-28), and 30.2% (>28) (p=0.005), and corresponding incidences of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were 12.2%, 15.7%, and 15.9% (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that older age (p<0.001), higher BMI (p=0.026), larger waist circumference (p<0.001), less education (p<0.001), and recent diagnosis (p<0.001) were independent risk factors for poor glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The T2DM glycemic control rate in China is currently low, especially in older obese patients with poor education and recent diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Linong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital of First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Dehong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Zhongyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Zilin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Haoming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Zhangrong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yancheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yuzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Liyong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Dalong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Dajin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids