title: Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An Introduction for Emergency Medicine Physicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy has supported critically ill pediatric patients in the intensive care unit setting with cardiac and respiratory failure. This therapy is beginning to transition to the emergency department setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article describes the fundamentals of ECMO and familiarizes the emergency medicine physician with its use in critically ill pediatric patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECMO can be utilized as either venoarterial (VA) or venovenous (VV), to support oxygenation and perfusion in respiratory failure, sepsis, cardiac arrest, and environmental hypothermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry Medical Group Saint Mary's Hospital, Rhinelander, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Lynn P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Gehrmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois; Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Illinois at OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, Illinois.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hafner
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Residency Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: Department of Perfusion, Children's Hospital of Illinois at OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, Illinois.
authors.forename: Klayton W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois; Extracorporeal Life Support (ECMO) Services, Congenital Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Illinois at OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, Illinois; Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois.
authors.forename: Randall S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Fortuna
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods*; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: E-CPR; ECMO; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; pediatric; respiratory failure