title: A categorical review on electroanalytical determination of non-narcotic over-the-counter abused antitussive drugs.
abstract: Dextromethorphan (DXM) and diphenhydramine (DPH) are two commonly used over-the-counter non-narcotic antitussive drugs. Recent reports reveal the widespread abuse of DXM and DPH due to their euphoric and alcohol-like effects. Due to their medicinal importance as well as the apparent increase in their use as abused drugs, it has become critical to determine them in samples of biological, clinical and pharmaceutical interest. The electrochemical techniques for drug analysis have gathered considerable attention due to their pronounced selectivity, sensitivity and simplicity. The given review presents a compilation of published voltammetric and potentiometric methods developed for determination of DXM and DPH. It critically highlights the analytical performances, revealing the recent trends and progress in the specified approach for their analysis. The review forms a basis for further progress in this field and development of improved electrochemical sensors to determine the drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Neeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thapliyal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa. Electronic address: karpoormath@ukzn.ac.za.
authors.forename: Rajshekhar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karpoormath
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
authors.forename: Rajendra N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: Division of Physics & Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, South Korea.
authors.forename: Rajkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000032:analysis*; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000032:analysis*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D003915:Dextromethorphan; D004155:Diphenhydramine
keywords: Determination; Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Drug abuse; Potentiometry; Voltammetry