title: Detection of Peptide-based nanoparticles in blood plasma by ELISA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the current study was to develop a method to detect peptide-linked nanoparticles in blood plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenient enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of peptides functionalized with biotin and fluorescein groups. As a proof of principle, polymerized pentafluorophenyl methacrylate nanoparticles linked to biotin-carboxyfluorescein labeled peptides were intravenously injected in Wistar rats. Serial blood plasma samples were analyzed by ELISA and by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) technology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ELISA based method for the detection of FITC labeled peptides had a detection limit of 1 ng/mL. We were able to accurately measure peptides bound to pentafluorophenyl methacrylate nanoparticles in blood plasma of rats, and similar results were obtained by LC/MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We detected FITC-labeled peptides on pentafluorophenyl methacrylate nanoparticles after injection in vivo. This method can be extended to detect nanoparticles with different chemical compositions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.affiliation: HEALTH-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Karin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Pickl
authors.affiliation: Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Purrà
authors.affiliation: Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Albaiges
authors.affiliation: Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borrós
authors.affiliation: AplaGen GmbH, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Ring 2, Baesweiler, Germany.
authors.forename: Andy J G
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pötgens
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sinner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Losen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harry W M
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Steinbusch
authors.affiliation: AplaGen GmbH, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Ring 2, Baesweiler, Germany; Department of Neuroanatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinez-Martinez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood; D010949:Plasma; D051381:Rats; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides