title: Photonic crystal fiber-based surface plasmon resonance sensor with selective analyte channels and graphene-silver deposited core.
abstract: We propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with selectively filled analyte channels. Silver is used as the plasmonic material to accurately detect the analytes and is coated with a thin graphene layer to prevent oxidation. The liquid-filled cores are placed near to the metallic channel for easy excitation of free electrons to produce surface plasmon waves (SPWs). Surface plasmons along the metal surface are excited with a leaky Gaussian-like core guided mode. Numerical investigations of the fiber's properties and sensing performance are performed using the finite element method (FEM). The proposed sensor shows maximum amplitude sensitivity of 418 Refractive Index Units (RIU-1) with resolution as high as 2.4 × 10(-5) RIU. Using the wavelength interrogation method, a maximum refractive index (RI) sensitivity of 3000 nm/RIU in the sensing range of 1.46-1.49 is achieved. The proposed sensor is suitable for detecting various high RI chemicals, biochemical and organic chemical analytes. Additionally, the effects of fiber structural parameters on the properties of plasmonic excitation are investigated and optimized for sensing performance as well as reducing the sensor's footprint.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Lightwave Research Group, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur-50603, Malaysia. rifat.ete07@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rifat
authors.affiliation: Integrated Lightwave Research Group, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur-50603, Malaysia. ghafour@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: G Amouzad
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Mahdiraji
authors.affiliation: Integrated Lightwave Research Group, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur-50603, Malaysia. desmondmcchow@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Desmond M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Integrated Lightwave Research Group, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur-50603, Malaysia. sheeyg@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Yu Gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Shee
authors.affiliation: Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Berlin, Einsteinufer 25, 10587 Berlin, Germany. rajib.ahmed.apece@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rajib
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Integrated Lightwave Research Group, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur-50603, Malaysia. rafiq@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Faisal Rafiq Mahamd
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Adikan
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D055100:Optical Fibers; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D012834:Silver; D006108:Graphite
keywords: optical fiber sensors; optical sensing and sensors; photonic crystal fiber; surface plasmon resonance