title: Modeling of time-resolved light extinction and its applications to visibility management in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada.
abstract: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the dominant cause of atmospheric visibility degradation in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV) of British Columbia, where poor visibility due to air pollution is of concern. The spatial coverage of the current LFV visibility monitoring network is relatively low, with large parts of the airshed not being represented. Given the desire on the part of local and regional governments to manage visibility in the LFV airshed, the development of a method that allows near real-time estimation of 1-hr light extinction data from the dense network of PM measurements would be highly beneficial. This paper describes a simple linear algorithm, developed using the Hybrid method, to estimate near real-time 1-hr total light extinction at four monitoring sites in the LFV. Model inputs include ambient hourly PM2.5, NO2, relative humidity measurements, and historical monthly-averaged aerosol composition. The results indicate that the developed model can provide relatively accurate and time-resolved estimates of extinction in regions where visibility is not being monitored, thus extending the spatial coverage of the regional visibility monitoring network. The model was also applied to a number of policy-related scenarios to inform visual air quality management in the study area. Results indicated that in order to achieve a perceptible improvement (1.0 deciview) relative to baseline average visibility conditions in the LFV airshed, average ambient PM2.5 concentration would have to decrease by 17% from baseline conditions. Furthermore, to achieve a 20% increase in the number of daylight hours with "excellent" visibility, average PM2.5 would need to be reduced by 30%. Model simulations also indicated that "across-the-board" emission reduction policies would result in greater improvements for the "worst 20%" visibility conditions than for the "best 20%" conditions, suggesting that reducing the number of "poor" visibility days would be easier than improving the number of "excellent" visibility days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes the development of a model using standard air quality monitoring data (PM2.5, NO2, relative humidity, and PM speciation profiles) to provide near real-time estimates of time-resolved extinction in regions where direct optical monitoring is not available. Applications of the model include extension of spatial coverage of a visibility network, testing various air quality scenarios to inform visibility management, and as a tool for setting visual air quality standards in impacted airsheds.
authors.affiliation: a Air Quality Science Unit, Prediction Services Operations West, Meteorological Services of Canada, Environment Canada , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Roxanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vingarzan
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitchford
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001955:British Columbia; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D058735:Environmental Policy; D005843:Geography; D008027:Light; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter