title: Genetic analysis and cAMP measurement: comparison between lean and obese anovulating mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate genes differentially expressed in ovaries from lean (wild type) and obese (ob/ob) female mice and cyclic AMP production in both groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression on messenger RNA levels of 84 genes concerning obesity was analyzed through the PCR array, and cyclic AMP was quantified by the enzyme immunoassay method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most downregulated genes in the Obesity Group included adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1, somatostatin, apolipoprotein A4, pancreatic colipase, and interleukin-1 beta. The mean decrease in expression levels of these genes was around 96, 40, 9, 4.2 and 3.6-fold, respectively. On the other hand, the most upregulated genes in the Obesity Group were receptor (calcitonin) activity-modifying protein 3, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha, calcitonin receptor, and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1. The increase means in the expression levels of such genes were 2.3, 2.7, 4.8 and 6.3-fold, respectively. The ovarian cyclic AMP production was significantly higher in ob/ob female mice (2,229 ± 52 fMol) compared to the Control Group (1,814 ± 45 fMol).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese and anovulatory female mice have reduced reproductive hormone levels and altered ovogenesis. Several genes have their expression levels altered when leptin is absent, especially adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Berguio
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Vidotti
authors.affiliation: Salomão Zoppi Diagnósticos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Laboratory, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Secco
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Cardoso
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Cristovam
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Carneiro
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Borra
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000858:Anovulation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP