title: Review of the advances in treatment for Alzheimer disease: Strategies for combating β-amyloid protein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alzheimer disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder which eventually results in total intellectual disability. The high global prevalence and the socioeconomic burden associated with the disease pose major challenges for public health in the 21st century. In this review we focus on both existing treatments and the therapies being developed, which principally target the β-amyloid protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amyloidogenic hypothesis proposes that β-amyloid plays a key role in AD. Several pharmacological approaches aim to reduce the formation of β-amyloid peptides by inhibiting the β-secretase and γ-secretase enzymes. In addition, both passive and active immunotherapies have been developed for the purpose of inhibiting β-amyloid peptide aggregation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progress in identifying the molecular basis of AD may provide better models for understanding the causes of this neurodegenerative disease. The lack of efficacy of solanezumab (a humanised monoclonal antibody that promotes β-amyloid clearance in the brain), demonstrated by 2 recent Phase III clinical trials in patients with mild AD, suggests that the amyloidogenic hypothesis needs to be revised.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Folch
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ettcheto
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrov
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pedrós
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olloquequi
authors.affiliation: Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador. Electronic address: camins@ub.edu.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camins
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: C545487:APP protein, human; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C550616:solanezumab; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases
keywords: Alzheimer; Alzheimer disease; Amyloid hypotheses; Beta-amiloide; Beta-amyloid; Beta-secretasa; Beta-secretase; Gamma-secretasa; Gamma-secretase; Hipótesis amiloidea