title: Influence of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on the Nutritional Status of Vitamin A in Pregnant Women: a Comparative Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study is to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin A through biochemical and functional indicators of pregnant women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery compared to pregnant women who did not undergo this surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study is a cross-sectional study of the analytical type with pregnant women paired by age and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). Group 1 (G1) comprised 80 pregnant women without previous submission to RYGB and group 2 (G2) by 40 pregnant women who previously underwent this surgery. We used high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector for quantification of retinol and β-carotene, and the functional evaluation of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was performed through standardized interview validated for pregnant women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  G1 mean age was 29.3 ± 5.3 and 30.8 ± 4.4 in G2. BMI mean prepregnancy found in G1 was 25.7 ± 3.2 and 26.8 ± 3.1 in G2, featuring overweight. Serum retinol and β-carotene means were significantly higher in G1 (1.8 ± 0.9; 87.4 ± 62.2) compared to G2 (0.99 ± 0.39; 22.7 ± 18.0), respectively (p < 0.001). Regarding the functional indicator for evaluation of VAD, approximately 75.0 % of pregnant women in G2 showed night blindness and 20.0 % in G1, and the percentage of pregnant women with this functional impairment was significantly higher in G2 compared to G1 with p < 0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results show that pregnancy after RYGB can represent a high-risk situation for VAD. We recommend interdisciplinary monitoring added to the prenatal routine consultations and the conduction of studies addressed to the investigation of a safe and effective dose of oral supplementation of vitamin A to pregnant women undergoing RYGB.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro (INJC), School of Medicine at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/UFRJ (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Building 373. J Block, 2nd floor, room 26, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil. suzinunes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suzana N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Clínica Cirúrgica Carlos Saboya, NPqM/INJC/UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/UFRJ (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. se.pereira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Clínica Cirúrgica Carlos Saboya, NPqM/INJC/UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/UFRJ (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. cjsaboya@carlossaboya.com.br.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saboya
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. claudiasaunders@nutricao.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. aramalho.rj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Andréa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009755:Night Blindness / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Night blindness; Pregnancy; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Vitamin A