title: Non-invasive mouse models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
abstract: Animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) are essential tools for investigating the development of the disease on a more rapid timeline than human OA. Mice are particularly useful due to the plethora of genetically modified or inbred mouse strains available. The majority of available mouse models of OA use a joint injury or other acute insult to initiate joint degeneration, representing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). However, no consensus exists on which injury methods are most translatable to human OA. Currently, surgical injury methods are most commonly used for studies of OA in mice; however, these methods may have confounding effects due to the surgical/invasive injury procedure itself, rather than the targeted joint injury. Non-invasive injury methods avoid this complication by mechanically inducing a joint injury externally, without breaking the skin or disrupting the joint. In this regard, non-invasive injury models may be crucial for investigating early adaptive processes initiated at the time of injury, and may be more representative of human OA in which injury is induced mechanically. A small number of non-invasive mouse models of PTOA have been described within the last few years, including intra-articular fracture of tibial subchondral bone, cyclic tibial compression loading of articular cartilage, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture via tibial compression overload. This review describes the methods used to induce joint injury in each of these non-invasive models, and presents the findings of studies utilizing these models. Altogether, these non-invasive mouse models represent a unique and important spectrum of animal models for studying different aspects of PTOA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, USA. Electronic address: bchristiansen@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, USA. Electronic address: guilak@duke.edu.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guilak
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, USA. Electronic address: lockwoodemail@gmail.com.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, USA. Electronic address: steven.olson@duke.edu.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London, UK. Electronic address: apitsillides@rvc.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pitsillides
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, USA. Electronic address: sandelll@wudosis.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sandell
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, USA. Electronic address: silvam@wudosis.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sibley School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, USA. Electronic address: mcv3@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: M C H
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van der Meulen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, USA. Electronic address: drhaudenschild@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Haudenschild
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D057072:Intra-Articular Fractures; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D051379:Mice; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000209:etiology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000293:injuries*; D013978:Tibial Fractures
keywords: Articular cartilage; Knee injury; Mouse model; Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA)