title: Evaluation of the Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Chicken Carcasses in 2007 and 2013 from Paraná, Brazil.
abstract: The frequent use of antimicrobials in commercial poultry production has raised concerns regarding the potential impact of antimicrobials on human health due to selection for resistant bacteria. Several studies have reported similarities between extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains isolated from birds and humans, indicating that these contaminant bacteria in poultry may be linked to human disease. The aim of our study was to analyze the frequency of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors among E. coli strains isolated from commercial chicken carcasses in Paraná, Brazil, in 2007 and 2013. A total of 84 E. coli strains were isolated from chicken carcasses in 2007, and 121 E. coli strains were isolated in 2013. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect virulence genes (hlyF, iss, ompT, iron, and iutA) and to determine phylogenetic classification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using 15 antimicrobials. The strains were also confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli with phenotypic and genotypic tests. The results indicated that our strains harbored virulence genes characteristic of ExPEC, with the iutA gene being the most prevalent. The phylogenetic groups D and B1 were the most prevalent among the strains isolated in 2007 and 2013, respectively. There was an increase in the frequency of resistance to a majority of antimicrobials tested. An important finding in this study was the large number of ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from chicken carcasses in 2013, primarily for the group 2 cefotaximase (CTX-M) enzyme. ESBL production confers broad-spectrum resistance and is a health risk because ESBL genes are transferable from food-producing animals to humans via poultry meat. These findings suggest that our strains harbored virulence and resistance genes, which are often associated with plasmids that can facilitate their transmission between bacteria derived from different hosts, suggesting zoonotic risks.
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil .
authors.forename: Vanessa L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil .
authors.forename: Gabriela R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil .
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scandorieiro
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Patologia e Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil .
authors.forename: Eliana C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Vespero
authors.affiliation: 3 Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil .
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.affiliation: 4 Laboratório de Saúde das Aves, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF)-Fepagro Saúde Animal , Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil .
authors.forename: Benito G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: de Brito
authors.affiliation: 4 Laboratório de Saúde das Aves, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF)-Fepagro Saúde Animal , Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil .
authors.forename: Kelly C T
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: de Brito
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil .
authors.forename: Gerson
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nakazato
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil .
authors.forename: Renata K T
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005513:Food Inspection; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000639:trends; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008460:Meat / Q000191:economics / Q000382:microbiology*; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D037521:Virulence Factors; C034506:aerobactin receptor; C071167:beta-lactamase CTX-2; D001618:beta-Lactamases