title: Welfare of organic laying hens kept at different indoor stocking densities in a multi-tier aviary system. II: live weight, health measures and perching.
abstract: Multi-tier aviary systems, where conveyor belts below the tiers remove the manure at regular intervals, are becoming more common in organic egg production. The area on the tiers can be included in the net area available to the hens (also referred to as usable area) when calculating maximum indoor stocking densities in organic systems within the EU. In this article, results on live weight, health measures and perching are reported for organic laying hens housed in a multi-tier system with permanent access to a veranda and kept at stocking densities (D) of 6, 9 and 12 hens/m2 available floor area, with concomitant increases in the number of hens per trough, drinker, perch and nest space. In a fourth treatment, access to the top tier was blocked reducing vertical, trough, and perch access at the lowest stocking density (D6x). In all other aspects than stocking density, the experiment followed the EU regulations on the keeping of organic laying hens. Hen live weight, mortality and foot health were not affected by the stocking densities used in the present study. Other variables (plumage condition, presence of breast redness and blisters, pecked tail feathers, and perch use) were indirectly affected by the increase in stocking density through the simultaneous reduction in access to other resources, mainly perches and troughs. The welfare of the hens was mostly affected by these associated constraints, despite all of them being within the allowed minimum requirements for organic production in the EU. Although the welfare consequences reported here were assessed to be moderate to minor, it is important to take into account concurrent constraints on access to other resources when higher stocking densities are used in organic production.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Animal Science,Aarhus University,DK-8830 Tjele,Denmark.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steenfeldt
authors.affiliation: 2INRA,UR1197 NeuroBiologie de l'Olfaction,F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas,France.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D003441:Crowding; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards*; D058871:Organic Agriculture / Q000592:standards*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology
keywords: group size; indoor stocking density; multi-tier aviary; organic layers; resource accessibility