title: Amelioration of some immunological disorders caused by the faeces of the dominant true house dust mites in El-Minia Governorate, Egypt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  House dust mites (HDMs) faeces are the main factor involved in respiratory disorder. The true HDMs, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, detected in the samples collected from the house dust are the most important causes of allergic disorders such as asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this investigation was to study the curcuma and karkade amelioration of the allergenic immunological disorder, especially some cytokines, IgE and ROS, caused by the faeces of the dominant true HDM, D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae in valley and desert houses in EL-Minia Governorate, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  HDM cultures, faeces isolation, plant extraction and ELISA techniques were used. Male albino rats were classified into control, inhaled, and treated groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present immunological study on the dominant allergenic true HDMs, D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, revealed that significantly higher serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13 and IgE were found in rats treated with both D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae faeces than the other groups. In addition, statistical analysis of ROS data showed significant difference between the curcuma- and karkade-treated groups and either the control or the faeces-treated groups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some immunological disturbances caused by repeated exposure to the faeces of two dominant allergenic true HDM species (D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae) in the valley and desert houses could be ameliorated by curcuma and karkade.
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, 61519 El-Minia, Egypt; Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities in Quwiaya, Shaqra University, 11961 Shaqra, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: Bahaa.abdelsalam@science.miniauniv.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Bahaa K A
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Abdel-Salam
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, 61519 El-Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nagiba I A
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Shoker
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, 61519 El-Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M R
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mohamad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000276:immunology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D030024:Curcuma / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004534:Egypt; D005243:Feces; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D039981:Pyroglyphidae / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: HDMs; IL-13; IL-1β; IL-4; IgE and ROS; TNF-α