title: High Performance and Long-Term Stability in Ambiently Fabricated Segmented Solid-State Polymer Electrochromic Displays.
abstract: This work reports on the performance of a segmented polymer electrochromic display that was fabricated with solution-based processes in ambient atmosphere. An encapsulation process and the combination of structured wells for the polymer electrochrome and electrolyte layers as well as the use of a preoxidized counter polymer yields high contrasts and fast switching speeds. Asymmetric driving-with respect to time-of the display is investigated for the first time and the degradation effects in the electrochrome layer are analyzed and addressed to yield a stable device exceeding 100,000 switching cycles. A printed circuit board was integrated with the display, allowing the device to be run as a clock, where the segments only required short pulses to switch without the need for a constant current to maintain its state. Such an application pairs well with the advantages of electrochromic polymers, drawing on its high contrast, stability, and ability to maintain its colored or colorless state without the need for a constant power supply, to demonstrate the promise as well as the challenges of developing more sophisticated electrochromic devices.
authors.affiliation: †Institute for Large Area Microelectronics, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Remmele
authors.affiliation: ‡BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: D Eric
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: ‡BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.affiliation: †Institute for Large Area Microelectronics, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fruehauf
keywords: ambient processing; electrochromic; segmented; solid-state device; stability