title: Biochemistry and regulatory functions of bacterial glucose kinases.
abstract: Glucokinases (Glks) are enzymes widely distributed in all three domains of life. They are located at the beginning of the glycolytic pathway and are responsible for the glucose phosphorylation from various phosphate group donors such as ATP, ADP and polyphosphate. So far, there are eight crystallized Glks, and at least one belongs to each of the three reported Glk families. Structural studies have elucidated the mechanism for Glk action and multimerization. Cloning, overexpression and biochemical characterization have demonstrated the wide diversity of these enzymes. As reported for various microorganisms, in addition to their catalytic activity, some Glks, possessing ROK (Repressor Orf Kinases) motifs, also display a regulatory role. This function has been associated to the mechanisms of carbon catabolite regulation, morphological differentiation and antibiotic production. The present review covers the classification, detailed tertiary structure, mechanism of action, biochemical characterization and some regulatory aspects of bacterial Glks.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. 04510, Mexico. Electronic address: albaromero@comunidad.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romero-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. 04510, Mexico. Electronic address: brvillafan@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Villafán
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. 04510, Mexico. Electronic address: divonne29@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rocha-Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. 04510, Mexico. Electronic address: monseb.27@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Monserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manzo-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. 04510, Mexico. Electronic address: sersan@biomedicas.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D005941:Glucokinase
keywords: Cloning; Diversity; Glucokinases; Mechanism of action; Regulatory functions; Tertiary structure