title: Sleep duration differences between children of migrant and native origins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether primary school children of migrant and native Dutch origins differ regarding their sleep duration per night, a risk for overweight and obesity, and to determine to what degree differences in parenting styles contribute to these differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey, including 1,943 children aged 8-9 years old and their primary caregivers, was performed. Data were collected from primary schools in cities and adjacent municipalities in The Netherlands: Eindhoven and Rotterdam. The outcome measure was mean sleep duration per night. The main independent variable was migrant background, based on the country of birth of the parents. A possible mediating variable was parenting style (rejecting, neglecting, permissive, authoritarian, authoritative). Age and sex of the child as well as parental socioeconomic status, as indicated by educational level, were added as confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dutch children have the highest sleep duration: more than 11 h (mean = 670.1; SD = 27.7). All migrant children show less than 11 h of sleep per night. Migrant children of non-Western origin, especially Turkish and Moroccan children, show the lowest sleep duration per night. Parenting styles do not contribute to these differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migrant background is associated with sleep duration. As children of migrant origin are, in general, at higher risk for overweight and obesity and sleep duration is regarded as a risk factor for overweight and obesity, further investigation of this association is needed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L J W Wim
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Labree
authors.affiliation: IVO Addiction Research Institute, Heemraadssingel 194, 3021 DM Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H Dike
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: van de Mheen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F F H Frans
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Rutten
authors.affiliation: IVO Addiction Research Institute, Heemraadssingel 194, 3021 DM Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G Gerda
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Rodenburg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G T Gerrit
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Koopmans
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M Marleen
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Foets
keywords: Child health; Parenting; Sleep; The Netherlands; Transients and migrants