title: ICAM-1-dependent and ICAM-1-independent neutrophil lung infiltration by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection.
abstract: Neutrophils are innate immune cells that play a crucial role in the first line of host defense. It is also known that neutrophil lung recruitment and infiltration may cause lung injury. The roles of neutrophils in virus infection-induced lung injury are not clear. We explore the mechanisms of neutrophil lung infiltration and the potential biomarkers for lung injury in a swine model of lung injury caused by natural or experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. Neutrophil lung infiltration was determined by measurement of myeloperoxidase expression and enzyme activity of lung tissues. Myeloperoxidase expression and enzyme activity were dramatically increased in the naturally and experimentally infected lung tissues. Chemokine analysis by quantitative PCR and ELISA showed that IL-8 expression was increased in both infections, while monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression was increased only in experimentally infected lung tissues. Expression of the cell adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was measured by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. VCAM-1 expression was increased in experimentally and naturally infected lungs, whereas ICAM-1 expression was increased only in the naturally infected lung samples. Our results suggest that neutrophil lung infiltrations in the infected animals are both ICAM-1- and -independent and that combined expression of VCAM-1 and IL-8 may serve as the biomarker for lung injury induced by virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Make
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Meiping
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Xinhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Songlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China; and Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding and Agricultural Animal Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China;
authors.forename: Xiaoxiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding and Agricultural Animal Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China liuguoquan@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guoquan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000276:immunology*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: intercellular adhesion molecule 1; lung injury; neutrophil