title: Prevalence of tinnitus in workers exposed to noise and organophosphates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research on the workplace has emphasized the effects of noise exposure on workers' hearing, but has not considered the effects of agrochemicals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and correlate the hearing level and tinnitus of workers exposed simultaneously to noise and organophosphates in their workplace and to measure tinnitus distress on their quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective clinical study. We evaluated 82 organophosphate sprinklers from the São Paulo State Regional Superintendence who were active in the fight against dengue and who were exposed to noise and organophosphates. We performed pure tone audiometry and applied the translated THI (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory) questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the sample, 28.05% reported current tinnitus or had presented tinnitus, and the workers with tinnitus had an increased incidence of abnormal audiometry. The average hearing threshold for the 4-8-kHz frequency range of the workers with current tinnitus was higher than that of the others, and was most affected at the 4-kHz frequency. The THI score ranged 0-84, with an average score of 13.1. Twelve (52.17%) workers had THI scores consistent with discrete handicap.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an increased incidence of abnormal pure tone audiometry in workers with tinnitus, and its impact on the workers' quality of life was discrete. The correlation between average hearing threshold and tinnitus distress was weak.
authors.affiliation: Especialist in Audiology by the Federal Council of Speech Therapy. Speech Therapist of the Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências of the Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP-Marília/SP - Brasil.
authors.forename: Camila Ribas
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Delecrode
authors.affiliation: Graduated in Speech Therapy by Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências of the Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP- Marília/SP - Brasil. Speech Therapist.
authors.forename: Thais Domingues
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.affiliation: PhD in Neurology at the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto- USP. Especialist in Audiology by the Federal Council of Speech Therapy. Professor of the Speech Therapy Department of the Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências of the Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP-Marília/SP - Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Claúdia Figueiredo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Frizzo
authors.affiliation: PhD in Human Communication Disorders of the São Paulo Federal University - UNIFESP. Especialist in Audiology by the Federal Council of Speech Therapy. Professor of the Speech Therapy Department of Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências of the Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP-Marília/SP - Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Claúdia Vieira
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cardoso
keywords: hearing; insecticides; noise; occupational health; organophosphates; questionnaires; tinnitus