title: High level of APOBEC3F/3G editing in HIV-2 DNA vif and pol sequences from antiretroviral-naive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In HIV-1, hypermutation introduced by APOBEC3F/3G cytidine deaminase activity leads to defective viruses. In-vivo impact of APOBEC3F/3G editing on HIV-2 sequences remains unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the level of APOBEC3F/3G editing in HIV-2-infected antiretroviral-naive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct sequencing of vif and pol regions was performed on HIV-2 proviral DNA from antiretroviral-naive patients included in the French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales CO5 HIV-2 cohort. Hypermutated sequences were identified using Hypermut2.0 program. HIV-1 proviral sequences from Genbank were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 82 antiretroviral-naive HIV-2-infected patients assessed, 15 (28.8%) and five (16.7%) displayed Vif proviral defective sequences in HIV-2 groups A and B, respectively. A lower proportion of defective sequences was observed in protease-reverse transcriptase region. A higher median number of G-to-A mutations was observed in HIV-2 group B than in group A, both in Vif and protease-reverse transcriptase regions (P = 0.02 and P = 0.006, respectively). Compared with HIV-1 Vif sequences, a higher number of Vif defective sequences was observed in HIV-2 group A (P = 0.00001) and group B sequences (P = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed for the first time a high level of APOBEC3F/3G editing in HIV-2 sequences from antiretroviral-naive patients. Our study reported a group effect with a significantly higher level of APOBEC3F/3G editing in HIV-2 group B than in group A sequences.
authors.affiliation: aINSERM, IAME, UMR 1137 bUniversité Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité cAP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie dAP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertine
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charpentier
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Visseaux
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storto
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larrouy
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Damond
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matheron
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brun-Vézinet
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Descamps
mesh_terms: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019295:Computational Biology; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514848:vif protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 2; C492906:APOBEC3F protein, human; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase