title: Characterization of flavonoid glycosides from rapeseed bee pollen using a combination of chromatography, spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance with a step-wise separation strategy.
abstract: To identify the structures of flavonoid glycosides in bee pollen collected from rapeseed plants (Brassica napus L.), we utilised an approach that combined liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology with a step-wise separation strategy. We identified four constituents of high purity in rape bee pollen samples: (1) quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(2→l)-β-glucoside, (2) kaempferol-3, 4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside, (3) 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone-3-O-β-D-sophoroside and (4) kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(2→l)-β-D-glucoside. This study will also provide useful reference standards for qualification and quantification of four flavonoid glycosides in natural products.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P.R. China.|b Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing 100093 , P.R. China.|c Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing 100093 , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: d Texas Heart Institute, St Luke's Episcopal Hospital , Houston , TX 77030 , USA.
authors.forename: Yitao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: e Department of Cardiology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX 77030 , USA.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ritho
authors.affiliation: f Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 10070 , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: g Henan Enginerring Laboratory of Antibody Medicine, Medical School of Henan University , Kaifeng 475001 , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P.R. China.|b Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing 100093 , P.R. China.|c Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing 100093 , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P.R. China.|h Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing 100093 , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D006027:Glycosides; D020011:Protective Agents
keywords: LC–DAD–ESI–MS; NMR; bee pollen; flavonoid glycosides; semi-preparative HPLC; step-wise separation strategy