title: In situ DRIFT, Raman, and XRF implementation in a multianalytical methodology to diagnose the impact suffered by built heritage in urban atmospheres.
abstract: This work addresses the evaluation of an innovative mutianalytical method to assess the conservation state of a fifteenth century palace house. With the goal of reducing the handicaps of field analysis, the in situ spectroscopic assessment, often based on the use of X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectrometers, was complemented by the use of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. In this manner, its usefulness as a diagnostic tool to discover the origin and mechanisms of the damage caused by atmospheric and infiltration water attacks were thoroughly examined. Moreover, the study was extended in the laboratory to increase the information obtained by nondestructive techniques. The results revealed a severe material loss caused by soluble salts. Thus, a noninvasive sampling method using cellulose patches was tested to study the amount and mobility of salts by means of ion chromatography. Finally, to establish the chemical degradation processes that are occurring in the palace, a chemometric analysis of the quantitative data as well as the construction of thermodynamic models was done to advise on the required restorative actions. Graphical Abstract The different phases of the multianalytical method to assess the conservation state of built heritage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain, olivia.gomez@ehu.eus.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gómez-Laserna
authors.forename: Iker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arrizabalaga
authors.forename: Nagore
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prieto-Taboada
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Olazabal
authors.forename: Gorka
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arana
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Madariaga