title: Advanced glycation end products and schizophrenia: A systematic review.
abstract: Oxidative stress has become an exciting area of research on schizophrenia, which is a highly prevalent condition that affects approximately 1% of the worldwide population. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are considered metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress, have a pathogenic role in the development and progression of different oxidative stress-based diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and schizophrenia. AGE formation and accumulation as well as the activation of its receptor (RAGE) can lead to signaling through several inflammatory signaling pathways and further damaging effects. This systematic review is based on a search conducted in July 2014 in which 6 studies were identified that met our criteria. In this work, we describe how recent methodological advances regarding the role of AGEs may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and provide a different approach in the comprehension of the relationship between cardiovascular disease and schizophrenia. These latest findings may lead to new directions for future research on novel diagnostic and treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University of Picardie-Jules Verne, CHU d'Amiens, Amiens, France; Department of Nutrition, Hôpital Maritime de Berck, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France. Electronic address: youssef.kouidrat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kouidrat
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amad
authors.affiliation: Project for Schizophrenia and Affective Disorder Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Project for Schizophrenia and Affective Disorder Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University of Picardie-Jules Verne, CHU d'Amiens, Amiens, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lalau
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Erasme Hospital, ULB, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gwenole
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loas
authors.affiliation: Project for Schizophrenia and Affective Disorder Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itokawa
mesh_terms: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced
keywords: Advanced glycation end products; Antioxidant defense system; Cardiovascular risk; Oxidative stress; RAGE; Schizophrenia