title: Degradation of alachlor using an enhanced sono-Fenton process with efficient Fenton's reagent dosages.
abstract: In this study, an enhanced sono-Fenton process for the degradation of alachlor is presented. At high ultrasonic power, low pH, and in the presence of adequate Fenton's reagent dosages, alachlor degradation can reach nearly 100%. The toxicity of treated alachlor wastewater, which was measured by changes in cell viability, slightly decreased after the Fenton or ultrasound/H2O2 process and significantly decreased after the enhanced sono-Fenton process. A satisfactory relationship was observed between the total organic carbon removal and cell viability increment, indicating that alachlor mineralization is a key step in reducing the toxicity of the solution. The formation of alachlor degradation byproducts was observed during the oxidation process, in which the first step was the substitution of a chloride by a hydroxyl group. In conclusion, the enhanced sono-Fenton process was effective in the degradation and detoxification of alachlor within a short reaction time. Thus, the treated wastewater can then be passed through a biological treatment unit for further treatment.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Engineering and Health , Yuanpei University of Medical Technology , Hsinchu , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chikang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zonghan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D004867:Equipment Design; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D014465:Ultrasonics; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D002244:Carbon; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C045076:Fenton's reagent; C000188:alachlor
keywords: Alachlor; cell viability; degradation; enhanced sono-Fenton process; ultrasonic powers