title: The Relationship between Thyroid Function and Depressive Symptoms-the FIN-D2D Population-Based Study.
abstract: The association between thyroid function and depression is controversial. Both conditions express many similar symptoms, but the studies done give conflicting results. This study draws on a random, population-based sample of 4500 subjects aged 45-75 years old from Finland. The basic clinical study was done in 2007 for 1396 men and 1500 women (64% participation rate). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (F-T4), and free triiodothyronine (F-T3) were measured in 2013 from frozen samples. The 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) was applied to assess depressive symptoms (score ≥10 points). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.5% in women and 12.5% in men. In women, the mean levels of TSH, F-T4, and F-T3 without depressive symptoms vs. with the presence of depressive symptoms were 1.92/1.97 mU/L, 13.1/13.1 pmol/L, and 3.91/3.87 pmol/L (NS), respectively. In men, the levels were 1.87/1.94 mU/L, 13.5/13.7 pmol/L, and 4.18/4.12 pmol/L (NS), respectively. In multiple regression analysis, TSH had no relationship to BDI-21 total score. We found no association between depressive symptoms and thyroid values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saltevo
authors.affiliation: Unit of Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. ; Department of General Practice, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. ; Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kautiainen
authors.affiliation: Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. ; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Primary Health Care, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mäntyselkä
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jula
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. ; Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Sirkka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.
authors.forename: Eeva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korpi-Hyövälti
authors.affiliation: Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Finland. ; Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oksa
authors.affiliation: Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Finland.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saaristo
authors.affiliation: Unit of Family Practice, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland. ; Primary Health Care Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Mauno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanhala
keywords: BDI-21; depressive symptoms; population based; thyroid