title: HIV therapeutic vaccines: moving towards a functional cure.
abstract: Anti-viral T-cell and B-cell responses play a crucial role in suppressing HIV and SIV replication during chronic infection. However, these infections are rarely controlled by the host immune response, and most infected individuals need lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART). Recent advances in our understanding of how anti-HIV immune responses are elicited and regulated prompted a surge of interest in harnessing these responses to reduce the HIV 'residual disease' that is present in ART-treated HIV-infected individuals. Novel approaches that are currently explored include both conventional therapeutic vaccines (i.e., active immunization strategies using HIV-derived immunogens) as well as the use of checkpoint blockers such as anti-PD-1 antibodies. These approaches appear promising as key components of complex therapeutic strategies aimed at curing HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Geetha H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Mylvaganam
authors.affiliation: Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: ramara@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Rama Rao
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Amara
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015488:HIV Antigens; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor