title: Towards a Validation of the Three Pathways Model of Pathological Gambling.
abstract: With the aim of validating the three pathways hypothesis of pathological gambling (Blaszczynski and Nower in Addiction 97:487-499, 2002) 372 pathological gamblers meeting DSM IV (2000) criteria were assessed via a structured clinical interview as well as being subjected to personality tests and evaluation of their gambling practices. Our results show that it is possible to identify three subgroups corresponding to the three pathways: behaviourally conditioned problem gamblers, emotionally vulnerable problem gamblers and antisocial impulsivist problem gamblers. Our results particularly demonstrate that impulsivist gamblers preferentially choose semi-skilful gambling (horse racing and sports gambling) whereas emotionally vulnerable gamblers are significantly more attracted to games of chance (one-armed bandits, scratch cards, etc.) This led us to propose a functional presentation of the three pathways model which differs somewhat from the Blaszczynski and Nower presentation.
authors.affiliation: Marmottan Medical Center, GPS Perray-Vaucluse, Hôpital Marmottan, 17 rue d'Armaillé, 75017, Paris, France. marc.valleur@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valleur
authors.affiliation: Marmottan Medical Center, GPS Perray-Vaucluse, Hôpital Marmottan, 17 rue d'Armaillé, 75017, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Irène
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Codina
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders", Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France.|EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam", Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vénisse
authors.affiliation: EA 4430 CLIPSYD «CLInique PSYchanalyse Développement», University of Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre, France.|Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Louis Mourier Hospital of Colombes, Colombes, France.|Psychotherapies Unit, Sainte-Anne Hospital - Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romo
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Magalon
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Laboratory, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, University of Bordeaux and Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Mélina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatséas
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chéreau-Boudet
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry and Addictology Department, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paul Brousse University Hospital of Villejuif, Villejuif, France.|Henri EY Hospital, GPS Perray-Vaucluse, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mohamed-Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gorsane
authors.affiliation: EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam", Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.|Unit of Methodology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guilleux
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders", Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France.|EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam", Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grall-Bronnec
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders", Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France.|EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam", Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Challet-Bouju
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D012647:Self-Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Addiction; Co morbidity; Etiology; Gambling subtypes; Impulsivity; Pathway model; Problem gambling