title: Social Relationships and Sleep Quality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The quality of social relationships and social support appears to be associated with physical health outcomes and sleep quality. Almost all previous research in this area focuses on positive aspects of relationships.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study thus intended to examine the links between supportive, aversive, ambivalent, and indifferent network ties and sleep quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relationship data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)-assessed sleep quality, and depression were examined in 175 middle-aged and older adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with hypotheses, supportive ties were positively related to sleep quality, while aversive ties predicted worse sleep quality, associations that were primarily seen for close relationships. Ambivalent and indifferent ties were not significant predictors of sleep quality. Importantly, depression was found to mediate the link between relationship quality and sleep quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest the more specific types of social relationships that may be linked to poor sleep quality and that depression appears to underlie these associations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, 380 S. 1530 E. Rm. 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-8106
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, 380 S. 1530 E. Rm. 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. uchino@psych.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Bert N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cribbet
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, 380 S. 1530 E. Rm. 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, 380 S. 1530 E. Rm. 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Ambivalence; Depression; Relationships; Sleep quality; Social support