title: Active phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra) by T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells).
abstract: This study aimed to co-culture Jurkat T lymphocytes with inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb H37Ra), explore whether T lymphocytes could phagocytose H37Ra cells, and determine the underlying mechanism. Jurkat T lymphocytes were co-cultured with H37Ra cells, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry techniques were used to identify phagocytosis and elucidate its mechanism. After Jurkat T lymphocytes phagocytosed H37Ra cells, the cell body became larger, with abundant cytoplasm, the portion of the nucleus closest to the bacterium deformed, long and short pseudopodia were extended, and the folds of the cell membrane formed depressions that created phagocytic vesicles surrounding the bacterium. The macropinocytosis inhibitor amiloride and the cytoskeletal inhibitor cytochalasin D were found to inhibit phagocytic efficacy; serum complements might enhance phagocytosis through opsonization. Jurkat T lymphocytes could actively phagocytose inactivated Mtb via the macropinocytotic mechanism. Actin remodeling played an important role in the macropinocytotic process. Serum complements may regulate phagocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China; Department of Neurology, Fuzhou Dongfang Hospital, No.156 West Second Ring Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350025, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Dongyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China. Electronic address: fgd2000@163.com.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China. Electronic address: zhaogang@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015638:Cytochalasin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D062686:Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009895:Opsonin Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D062686:Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockers; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D015638:Cytochalasin D; D000584:Amiloride; D003165:Complement System Proteins
keywords: Cytoskeleton; Fluorescent beads; Jurkat cells; Macropinocytosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Phagolysosome; Serum; T lymphocyte