title: The large scale antibacterial, antifungal and anti-phage efficiency of Petamcin-A: new multicomponent preparation for skin diseases treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human and animal skin diseases of bacterial, fungal and viral nature and their complications are widespread and globally cause a serious trouble. Their prevalence is increasing mainly due to drug resistance. Consequently, demand has increased for new effective antimicrobial drugs, which also should be less toxic, possess a wider spectrum of action and be economically more beneficial. The goal was to investigate antibacterial, antifungal and anti-phage activity of Petamcin-A-a new multicomponent preparation. It contains acetic acid and hexamethylenetetramine as main active antimicrobial components, as well as phosphatidylcholine, tocopheryl acetate and glycerol as excipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacteriostatic activity and minimal inhibitory concentrations of the preparation against various test-organisms were determined by agar well diffusion assay. Antifungal activity was tested by agar dilution assay. To explore anti-phage activity double agar overlay plaque assay was used. Nystatin, chlorhexidine and acetic acid were used as control agents for comparative analysis. Statistical analysis was done with GraphPad Prism 5.03 or R 3.1.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed a higher activity of Petamcin-A against all bacterial and fungal test strains compared with its components or control agents. The preparation was more effective against tested gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative ones. Petamcin-A expressed bactericidal activity against almost all test strains. In addition, the preparation demonstrated high activity against T4 phage of Escherichia coli C-T4 completely inhibiting its growth. 5-fold diluted Petamcin-A also exhibited considerable activity reducing phage concentration by 2.6 Log10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Petamcin-A has a high antimicrobial activity against all tested strains of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. The preparation also exhibited high anti-phage activity. Moreover, taking into account that Petamcin-A has no observable toxicity on skin and its components are not expensive, it can be advantageous for management of various skin medical conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Plants and Microbes Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia. mikayelgm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mikayel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ginovyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Plants and Microbes Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia. andkeryan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Andranik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Plants and Microbes Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia. bazukyan@ysu.am.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bazukyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia. ghazarpa@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghazaryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Plants and Microbes Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia. Trchounian@ysu.am.
authors.forename: Armen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trchounian
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents