title: Commuter exposure to particulate matter and particle-bound PAHs in three transportation modes in Beijing, China.
abstract: Exposure to fine and ultrafine particles as well as particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by commuters in three transportation modes (walking, subway and bus) were examined in December 2011 in Beijing, China. During the study period, real-time measured median PM2.5 mass concentration (PMC) for walking, riding buses and taking the subway were 26.7, 32.9 and 56.9 μg m(-3), respectively, and particle number concentrations (PNC) were 1.1 × 10(4), 1.0 × 10(4) and 2.2 × 10(4) cm(-3). Commuters were exposed to higher PNC in air-conditioned buses and aboveground-railway, but higher PMC in underground-subway compared to aboveground-railway. PNC in roadway modes (bus and walking) peaked at noon, but was lower during traffic rush hours, negatively correlated with PMC. Toxic potential of particulate-PAHs estimated based on benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalents (BaP TEQs) showed that walking pedestrians were subjected to higher BaP TEQs than bus (2.7-fold) and subway (3.6-fold) commuters, though the highest PMC and PNC were observed in subway.
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Caiqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Electronic address: mzheng@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Qiaoyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Science, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Qunfang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Xinghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Huaiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Science, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: yifang@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Yifang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000068476:Beijing; D002681:China; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D014186:Transportation / Q000295:instrumentation; D000078329:Workforce
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Bus; Commuter exposure; PAHs; Particulate matter; Subway; Walking