title: Type D personality, self-efficacy, and medication adherence in patients with heart failure-A mediation analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type D personality is associated with medication non-adherence. Both Type D personality and non-adherence are predictors of poor outcomes. Self-efficacy, which is modifiable, is also associated with medication adherence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationships among Type D personality, self-efficacy, and medication adherence in 84 heart failure patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-efficacy, Type D personality, medication adherence, demographic and clinical data were collected. Hierarchical linear regression was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type D patients were more likely to have lower self-efficacy (p = .023) and medication non-adherence (p = .027) than non-Type D patients. Low self-efficacy was associated with medication non-adherence (p < .001). Type D personality didn't predict medication adherence after entering self-efficacy in the model (p = .422), demonstrating mediation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between Type D personality and medication adherence. Developing and applying interventions to enhance self-efficacy may help to sever the link between Type D personality and poor outcomes.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: jiarongw@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Jia-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Department of Nursing, Ulsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Kyeung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, College of Nursing, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Moser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017008:Negotiating; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D064415:Type D Personality
keywords: Heart failure; Medication adherence; Medication self-efficacy; Type D personality