title: Impact of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness on total homocysteine concentrations in European adolescents: The HELENA study.
abstract: We examined the association of physical activity (PA), cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and fatness with total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in European adolescents. The present study comprised 713 European adolescents aged 14.8 ± 1.2 y (females 55.3%) from the multicenter HELENA cross-sectional study. PA was assessed through accelerometry, CVF by the 20-m shuttle run test, and body fat by skinfold thicknesses with the Slaughter equation. Plasma folate, cobalamin, and tHcy concentrations were measured. To examine the association of tHcy with PA, CVF, and fatness after controlling for a set of confounders including age, maturity, folate, cobalamin, creatinine, smoking, supplement use, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 genotype (CC 47%, CT 43%, TT 10%), bivariate correlations followed by multiple regression models were performed. In the bivariate correlation analysis, tHcy concentrations were slightly negatively correlated (p<0.05) with CVF in females (measured both by stages: r=-0.118 and by VO2max: r=-0.102) and positively with body mass index (r=0.100). However, daily time spent with moderate and vigorous PA showed a weak positive association with tHcy in females (p<0.05). tHcy concentrations showed a tendency to decrease with increasing CVF and increase with increasing BMI in female European adolescents. However, tHcy concentrations were positively associated with moderate and vigorous PA in female European adolescents.
authors.affiliation: ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid 2) Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences-Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn  Germany.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benser
authors.forename: Jara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valtueña
authors.forename: Jonatan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mielgo-Ayuso
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Breidenassel
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Widhalm
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sjöström
authors.forename: Denes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molnar
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gómez-Martínez
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kafatos
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stehle
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Gross
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002319:Cardiovascular System; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12