title: Prevalence of the CYP2D6*10 (C100T), *4 (G1846A), and *14 (G1758A) alleles among Iranians of different ethnicities.
abstract: The presence of polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene may modulate enzyme level and activity, thereby affecting individual responses to pharmacological treatment. Here, we compared the prevalence of the CYP2D6*10, *4, and 14* alleles in an Iranian population of different ethnicities with those of other populations. Allele and genotype frequency distributions of CYP2D6*10 variants and predicted phenotypes including extensive metabolizers, intermediate metabolizers, and poor metabolizers were analysed in blood samples of 300 unrelated healthy individuals in an Iranian population using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism, and direct genomic DNA sequencing. The CYP2D6*4 (G1846A) and *14 (G1758A) allelic frequencies were not detected in different ethnicities, demonstrating the absence of a significant contribution of these alleles in Iranian populations. However, the T/T, C/T, and C/C genotype frequencies of the CYP2D6*10 allele were significantly different (P<0.01) in all Iranian ethnic groups. Additionally, the frequency of the homozygous T/T variant of the CYP2D6*10 allele was significantly high in the Lure (P<0.017) and low in the Kurd (P<0.002) ethnicities. The frequency of the T/T variant of the CYP2D6*10 allele in central Iran was the highest (P<0.001), while the south of Iran had the lowest frequency (P<0.001). The frequency of the C/T variant of the CYP2D6*10 allele was significantly a bit high (P<0.001) in females compare to males, while the frequencies of the T/T variant in females is similar to males, which are 24.4% and 24.3%, respectively. In contrast to absence of the CYP2D6*4 (G1846A) and *14 (G1758A) alleles in Iranian populations of different ethnicities, the prediction of the CYP2D6*10 allele is required in drug research and routine treatment, where the information would be helpful for clinicians to optimize therapy or identify persons at risk of adverse drug reactions before clinical trials. Approximately 39.3% of subjects (24.3% homozygous T/T CYP2D6*10 as poor metabolizers and 15% heterozygous C/T CYP2D6*10 as intermediate metabolizers) had this allele; therefore, the harmful effects of drugs are relatively common among Iranians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kamalidehghan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Pardis International Unit, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haghshenas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Azadfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Akbari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sangtarash
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Azad University, Ashkezar Branch, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Faramarz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vejdandoust
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmadipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Goh Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Department, Special Medical Center, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran ; Medical Genetics Department, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Houshmand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6
keywords: CYP; Iranian population; antidepressants; antipsychotics; cytochrome P450 genes; pharmacogenetics; polymorphism