title: [Prevalence of cervical infection by human papillomavirus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-positive and negative women].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a comparative study between two groups of women (HIV positive and negative) analyzing: the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical HPV infection; viral risk and relationship with development of CIN; and sociodemographic and behavioral parameters that influence cervical HPV infection and the development of CIN.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study in which 202 HIV-positive women and 164 HIV-negative women were analyzed to assess the prevalence of CIN and 171 HIV-positive women and 160 HIV-negative women were analyzed to assess the prevalence of cervical HPV infection. The following procedures were performed on the occasion of each medical visit: collection of cervical samples for cytology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HPV DNA; colposcopy; standardized questionnaire to collect demographic and behavioral data; and biopsy of all colposcopic changes. Histopathology was the gold standard for the diagnosis of CIN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of CIN was 2.4 and 15.3% (p<0.001) and the prevalence of cervical HPV infection was 37.1 and 55.5% (p=0.002), respectively, among HIV-negative and -positive women. HIV-positive women had a higher risk of HPV infection (35.7 and 23.6%) (p=0.02). HPV 16 was the most prevalent virus type, occurring in 11.3 and 10.2% of HIV-positive and negative women and was also more prevalent among women presenting CIN in both groups. Factors associated with the development of CIN were: HIV infection (HT=4.64; 95%CI 2.23-9.65), age (HT=0.95; 95%CI 0.93-0.98 for each year of life) and marital status (HT=0.49; 95%CI 0.30-0.80). Associated factors for HPV infection were: HIV presence (HT=2.72; 95%CI 1.77-4.17), greater number of sexual partners (HT=1.87; 95%CI 1.23-2.84), age (HT=0.97; 95%CI 0.95-0.99 for each year of life) and marital status (HT=0.65; 95%CI 0.42-1.0 for stable union/widows).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CIN and cervical HPV infection was higher in HIV-positive women, who also presented a higher risk of HPV infections and multiple viral types. Type 16 was predominant in both groups and in women with CIN. Older women and women with stable union/widows were less likely to acquire cervical HPV infection and CIN.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Benito Pio Vitorio
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ceccato Junior
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Barbacena, Barbacena, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Ceccato
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Barbacena, Barbacena, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lorena Fiorini
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Barbacena, Barbacena, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luísa Magalhães
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Mulher, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Victor Hugo
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Melo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*