title: NMR-based metabolomics highlights differences in plasma metabolites in pigs exhibiting diet-induced differences in adiposity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A better understanding of the control of body fat mass and distribution is required for both human health and animal production. The current study investigates plasma parameters in response to changes in body fat mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pigs from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake were fed diets contrasted in energy sources and nutrients. Between 74 and 132 days of age, pigs (n = 12 by diet and by line) received isoproteic and isoenergetic diets, either rich in starch (LF) or in lipids and fibres (HF). At the end of the feeding trial, plasma samples were analysed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and standard hormonal and biochemical assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pigs fed the HF diet had lower (P < 0.01) perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue relative masses than pigs fed the LF diet. Metabolomic approach showed a clear discrimination between diets, with lower (P < 0.05) plasma levels of creatinine-lysine, creatine, tyrosine, proline, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine and formate but higher (P < 0.001) plasma VLDL-LDL levels in HF pigs than in LF pigs. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides were higher (P < 0.001), while plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, leptin, glucose, insulin and urea were lower (P ≤ 0.05) in HF pigs than in LF pigs. Plasma levels of leptin, creatine and urea were positively correlated (r = 0.3, P < 0.05) with relative adipose tissue masses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that metabolites associated with energy and protein metabolism were involved in the response to a high-fat, high-fibre diet. Relevant plasma indicators of metabolic flexibility related to changes in body adiposity were then proposed.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Maëva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jégou
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gondret
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UMR CNRS 6230 CEISAM Bât 9, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lalande-Martin
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UMR CNRS 6230 CEISAM Bât 9, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Illa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tea
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 83 Recherches Avicoles, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baéza
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France. isabelle.louveau@rennes.inra.fr.|Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, 35000, Rennes, France. isabelle.louveau@rennes.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Louveau
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003401:Creatine / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006639:Histidine / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000097:blood; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood; D011392:Proline / Q000097:blood; D013552:Swine; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides; D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D006639:Histidine; D011392:Proline; D003404:Creatinine; D008239:Lysine; D003401:Creatine; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
keywords: Amino acids; Fatness; High-fibre diet; Leptin; NMR spectroscopy