title: Lack of galectin-3 up-regulates IgA expression by peritoneal B1 lymphocytes during B cell differentiation.
abstract: Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding protein with an inhibitory role in B cell differentiation into plasma cells in distinct lymphoid tissues. We use a model of chronic schistosomiasis, a well-characterized experimental disease hallmarked by polyclonal B cell activation, in order to investigate the role of galectin-3 in controlling IgA production through peritoneal B1 cells. Chronically infected, galectin-3-deficient mice (Lgals3(-/-)) display peritoneal fluid hypercellularity, increased numbers of atypical peritoneal IgM(+)/IgA(+) B1a and B1b lymphocytes and histological disturbances in plasma cell niches when compared with Lgals3(+/+) mice. Similar to our infection model, peritoneal B1 cells from uninfected Lgals3(-/-) mice show enhanced switching to IgA after in vitro treatment with interleukin-5 plus transforming growth factor-β (IL-5 + TGF-β1). A higher number of IgA(+) B1a lymphocytes was found in the peritoneal cavity of Lgals3(-/-)-uninfected mice at 1 week after i.p. injection of IL-5 + TGF-β1; this correlates with the increased levels of secreted IgA detected in the peritoneal fluid of these mice after cytokine treatment. Interestingly, a higher number of degranulated mast cells is present in the peritoneal cavity of uninfected and Schistosoma mansoni-infected Lgals3(-/-) mice, indicating that, at least in part, mast cells account for the enhanced differentiation of B1 into IgA-producing B cells found in the absence of galectin-3. Thus, a novel role is revealed for galectin-3 in controlling the expression of surface IgA by peritoneal B1 lymphocytes; this might have important implications for manipulating the mucosal immune response.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bloco F - 2° andar - Sala 1, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. felipe@histo.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Felipe L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Radiopharmacy Center, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emerson S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bloco F - 2° andar - Sala 1, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.affiliation: Radiopharmacy Center, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sofia N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bloco F - 2° andar - Sala 1, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cabanel
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bloco F - 2° andar - Sala 1, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Arcanjo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bloco F - 2° andar - Sala 1, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bloco F - 2° andar - Sala 1, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Radovan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borojevic
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chammas
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bloco F - 2° andar - Sala 1, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: El-Cheikh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002452:Cell Count; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape; D002908:Chronic Disease; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D015848:Interleukin-5; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology; D008643:Mesentery / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009852:Omentum / Q000378:metabolism; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000166:cytology*; D010641:Phenotype; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D037502:Galectin 3; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D015848:Interleukin-5; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: B lymphocytes; Galectin-3; IgA; Mast cells; Mouse; Peritoneal cavity; Plasma cells; Schistosoma mansoni