title: Bioactivity of a Calcium Silicate-based Endodontic Cement (BioRoot RCS): Interactions with Human Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tricalcium silicate-based materials are recognized as bioactive materials through their capacity to induce hard tissue formation both in the dental pulp and bone. Sealing the apex implies that the root canal filling materials interact with the periapical tissues. This work was designed to study the interactions of newly developed tricalcium silicate cement (BioRoot RCS; Septodont, Saint Maur Des Fosses, France) with apical tissue compared with a standard zinc oxide-eugenol sealer (Pulp Canal Sealer [PCS]; SybronEndo, Orange, CA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was assessed by direct contact between human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and BioRoot RCS or PCS. In addition, an in vitro tooth model was used to study the interactions between these materials and PDL cells. For this purpose, human extracted incisors were sectioned at the enamel-cementum junction; root canals were prepared, sterilized, and filled with lateral condensation with both materials. The root apices were dipped in the culture medium for 24 hours. These conditioned media were used to investigate their effects on human PDL cells. Cell proliferation was investigated with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the secretion of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BioRoot RCS has less toxic effects on PDL cells than PCS and induced a higher secretion of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors than PCS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these preclinical results suggest that the calcium silicate cement (BioRoot RCS) has a higher bioactivity than the zinc oxide-eugenol sealer (PCS) on human PDL cells.
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Timone, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camps
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeanneau
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Ikbale
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: El Ayachi
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Timone, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Marseille, France. Electronic address: imad.about@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: About
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010486:Periapical Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017640:Silicates; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: BioRoot RCS endodontic sealer; periodontal ligament; tricalcium silicate bioactivity