title: Association of Genetic Factors and Gene-Environment Interactions With Risk of Developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Case-Control Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genes are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it remains largely unknown whether these genes interact with environmental factors to affect the development of PTSD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of gene polymorphisms and gene-environment interactions with the risk of developing PTSD among adolescent earthquake survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 183 adolescent survivors from an earthquake-stricken area participated in this study. Measures included a questionnaire about demographic characteristics and earthquake exposure, the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version and the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition disorders. Genotypes were analyzed by using the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-HTTLPR and 5-HTTVNTR polymorphisms and earthquake exposure had statistically significant positive effects on PTSD. The interaction effects of 5-HTTLPR × Earthquake Exposure and 5-HTTVNTR × Earthquake Exposure were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of PTSD is the result not only of a genetic effect and environmental factors but also of the interactive effect between gene and environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guse
authors.affiliation: Tung Wah College, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Thomas K S
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yangjing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China jiang_xiaolian@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaolian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055866:Earthquakes; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C581293:DRD2 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
keywords: 5-HTTLPR; 5-HTTVNTR; DRD2; earthquake exposure; gene–environment interaction; posttraumatic stress disorder