title: Calcium oxalate calculi-induced clusterin expression in kidney.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate clusterin expression in the kidney and evaluate the urine clusterin level in the kidney stone formers. (1) In vitro, we treated the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line with different concentrations of calcium oxalate (CaOx), and then the clusterin protein expression in the cells was evaluated by Western blotting. (2) Kidney stone patients who received percutaneous nephrolithotomy were enrolled in our study. Urine samples were collected before surgery, the kidney punctured to obtain kidney tissue guided by ultrasound intraoperatively. Clusterin expression in the human kidney tissue was evaluated by immunochemistry. The urine clusterin level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Non-kidney disease subjects were chosen as controls. In vitro, the clusterin expression was up-regulated in the MDCK cells induced by CaOx. The study included 49 patients and 41 non-kidney disease subjects. All calculi were composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate or calcium oxalate dihydrate and a few also contained protein or uric acid. Mean ± SD urine clusterin level was 17.47 ± 18.61 μg/ml in patients, and 3.31 ± 5.42 μg/ml in non-kidney disease subjects, respectively (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed the clusterin was located in the cytoplasm of the renal distal and collecting tubular epithelial cells. Also the tissue clusterin expression increased significantly in the kidney stone formers compared to the control groups (p = 0.001). CaOx could induce clusterin expression in renal tubular cells, and increase clusterin levels in the kidney and urine from the kidney stone formers.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, East Harlem, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jin-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, 168 West Heping Rd., Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China. junjiangliu67@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Junjiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Public Health Institution, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Junyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pumill
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, East Harlem, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Cordelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elaiho
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, 168 West Heping Rd., Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan City, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shoubin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D051152:Clusterin / Q000652:urine*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000652:urine*; D007686:Kidney Tubules, Distal / Q000378:metabolism*; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051152:Clusterin; D002129:Calcium Oxalate
keywords: Calcium oxalate; Clusterin; Nephrolithiasis; Renal tubular epithelial cell