title: Normal limits of the electrocardiogram in Indians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to develop normal limits of the ECG in an apparently healthy population of South Asians living in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three centres contributed to recording 12 lead ECGs on identical digital electrocardiographs. Apparently healthy volunteers were recruited and ECGs were first transferred to a local database and then to Glasgow where all ECGs were analysed by the same University of Glasgow ECG Interpretation Program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 963 individuals were recruited into the study (30.4% female) with an age range of 18-83 years. QRS duration was longer in males than females, QT interval was longer in females than males, and QRS voltages in general were higher in males than females and in younger compared to older individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings in general paralleled those in other populations and suggested that criteria for a white Caucasian population could be applied to a South Asian Indian population.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK. Electronic address: peter.macfarlane@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Macfarlane
authors.affiliation: Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.affiliation: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India.
authors.forename: Dilbag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: SGGS Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vishnupuri, Nanded, India.
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamde
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.affiliation: Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Bernard G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Francq
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Automated ECG analysis; Electrocardiography; Normal limits; South Asian population