title: World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI: a systematic review of medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction: prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction (MISGD) causes significant morbidity resulting in decreased quality of life. This systematic review assessed the literature on the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of MISGD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases were searched for articles related to MISGD through June 2013. Four independent reviewers extracted information regarding study design, study population, interventions, outcomes, and conclusions for each article. Only papers with acceptable degree of relevance, quality of methodology, and strength of evidence were retained for further analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were limited data on the epidemiology of MISGD. Furthermore, various methods were used to assess salivary flow rate or xerostomia. Preventive and therapeutic strategies included substitution of medications, oral, or systemic therapy with sialogogues, use of saliva substitutes or of electro-stimulating devices. Although there are promising approaches to improve salivary gland function, most studies are characterized by small numbers and heterogeneous methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians and dentists should identify the medications associated with xerostomia and salivary gland dysfunction through a thorough medical history. Preferably, health care providers should measure the unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary flow rates of all their patients so that these values can be used as a baseline to rate the complaints of patients who subsequently claim to experience xerostomia or salivary gland dysfunction as well as the possibilities of effectively treating this condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MISGD remains a major burden for the population. This systematic review provides a contemporary in-depth description of the diagnosis and treatment of MISGD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aframian
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vissink
authors.forename: Jörgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: Nagamani
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Narayana
authors.forename: Ardita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aliko
authors.forename: Ying Wai
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Sia
authors.forename: Revan Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Siri Beier
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Alexander Ross
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dawes
authors.forename: Anne Marie Lynge
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000473:pathology*; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy