title: Acoustic Analysis of Madhya and Taar Saptak/Sthayi in Indian Classical Singers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to compare the acoustic parameters of voice between Madhya Saptak/Sthayi (MS) and Taar Saptak/Sthayi (TS) in trained Indian classical singers and between males and females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five adult trained Indian classical singers were instructed to produce MS and TS; the acoustic parameters were analyzed with the Multidimensional Voice Program. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis across tasks and gender. Two-way random-effects ANOVA was used to test the effect of gender and task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male participants had a restricted range of fundamental frequency (F0), especially at high pitches. The acoustic analysis showed a statistically significant difference for F0 measures, range of F0, jitter and pitch perturbation quotient between males and females during MS and TS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of TS, that is, high-pitch phonation, during the clinical evaluation of singers enables an understanding of their vocal behavior in the higher scales of singing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Dhanshree R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gunjawate
authors.forename: Venkataraja U
authors.initials: VU
authors.lastname: Aithal
authors.forename: Vasudeva
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guddattu
authors.forename: Rajashekhar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D010699:Phonation; D012737:Sex Factors; D063346:Singing; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014833:Voice Quality; D014834:Voice Training