title: Biosciences in nurse education: is the curriculum fit for practice? Lecturers' views and recommendations from across the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to review the biosciences component of preregistration nursing programmes in higher education institutions across the UK through the experiences and perceptions of lecturers involved in nursing education.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Studies suggest that some qualified nurses lack confidence in explaining the bio-scientific rationale for their clinical practice. Biosciences can be difficult to understand and integrate into clinical decision-making and require protected time within preregistration nurse education. In the absence of explicit national guidelines, it is unclear as to the depth and extent biosciences are taught across different institutions and the level achieved at the point of registration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey approach was adopted to generate quantitative and qualitative feedback.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire seeking the experiences and views of lecturers involved in teaching biosciences to nursing students across the UK. Data received from 10 institutions were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lecturers reported that the hours of taught biosciences ranged from 20-113 hours, principally within the first year. This represents between 0·4-2·4% of time within a preregistration nursing programme (4600 hours). Large group lectures predominate, supplemented by smaller group or practical work, and online materials. The biosciences are assessed specifically in half the institutions surveyed and as part of integrated assessments in the rest. In relation to student feedback, all respondents stated that students consistently requested more time and greater priority for biosciences in their programme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey suggests that the number of hours spent teaching biosciences is minimal and varies widely between higher education institutions. All respondents expressed concern about the challenges of teaching difficult bio-scientific concepts to large groups in such a limited time and called for greater clarity in national guidelines to ensure that all nurses are adequately educated and assessed in bioscience subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Failure to understand the biosciences underpinning care has implications for safe and competent nursing.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashelford
authors.affiliation: School of Allied and Public Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fell
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Penelope J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goacher
mesh_terms: D001690:Biological Science Disciplines / Q000193:education*; D003479:Curriculum; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D005178:Faculty; D006801:Humans; D013338:Students, Nursing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: biosciences; clinical decision-making; nurse education; patient care; preregistration; quality assurance