title: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolo[3,4-g][1,8]naphthyridin-5-amine with Potential Antifungal and Antitumor Activity.
abstract: The microwave assisted reaction between heterocyclic o-aminonitriles 1 and cyclic ketones 2 catalyzed by zinc chloride led to new series of pyrazolo[3,4-b] [1,8]naphthyridin-5-amines 3 in good yields. This procedure provides several advantages such as being environmentally friendly, high yields, simple work-up procedure, broad scope of applicability and the protocol provides an alternative for the synthesis of pyrazolonaphthyridines. The whole series showed antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans standardized strains, being compounds with a 4-p-tolyl substituent of the naphthyridin scheleton (3a, 3d and 3g), the most active ones mainly against C. albicans, which appear to be related to their comparative hydrophobicity. Among them, 3d, containing a cyclohexyl fused ring, showed the best activity. The anti-Candida activity was corroborated by testing the three most active compounds against clinical isolates of albicans and non-albicans Candida strains. These compounds were also screened by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) for their ability to inhibit 60 different human tumor cell lines. Compounds 3a and 3e showed remarkable antitumor activity against cancer cell lines, with the most important GI50 values ranging from 0.62 to 2.18 μM.
authors.affiliation: Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia. paolaandrea02233@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.affiliation: Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, CP 2000 Rosario, Argentina. fefabutassi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Estefanía
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Butassi
authors.affiliation: Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia. braulio.insuasty@correounivalle.edu.co.
authors.forename: Braulio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Insuasty
authors.affiliation: Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia. alejandro.ortiz@correounivalle.edu.co.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia. rodrigo.abonia@correounivalle.edu.co.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abonia
authors.affiliation: Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, CP 2000 Rosario, Argentina. szaabgil@citynet.net.ar.
authors.forename: Susana A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zacchino
authors.affiliation: Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia. jairo.quiroga@correounivalle.edu.co.
authors.forename: Jairo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quiroga
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008872:Microwaves; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D007659:Ketones; D009287:Naphthyridines; D011758:Pyrroles; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C000605216:pyrazolo(3,4-g)(1,8)naphthyridin-5-amine; C016837:zinc chloride
keywords: Candida albicans; Cryptococcus neoformans; antifungal activity; antitumoral activity; microwave irradiation; pyrazolonaphthyridines