title: Knowledge and Beliefs of EMS Providers toward Lights and Siren Transportation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of warning lights and siren (WLS) increases the risk of ambulance collisions. Multiple studies have failed to demonstrate a clinical benefit to the patients. We sought to investigate the degree to which providers understand the data and incorporate it into their practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors distributed an anonymous survey to prehospital providers under their medical direction at staff and quality assurance meetings. The surveys asked the providers' degree of agreement with four statements: transport with lights and siren shortens transport times; transport with lights and siren improves patient outcome; transport with lights and siren increases the risk of collision during transport; and transport with lights and siren reduces the utilization of "mutual aid" service. We compared responses between providers who had been in prior ambulance collisions and those who had not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Few responses reached statistical significance, but respondents tended towards agreement that WLS use shortens transport times, that it does not improve outcomes, and that it increases the risk of collision. Despite the overall agreement with the published literature, respondents report >80% of transports are conducted using WLS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrate the surveyed providers are aware of the risk posed by WLS to themselves, their patients, and the public. Nevertheless, their practice in the absence of rigid protocols suggests they disregard this knowledge. Despite a large number of prior ambulance collisions among the surveyed group, a high number of transports are conducted using WLS.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tennyson
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences and Pediatrics, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maranda
authors.affiliation: UMass Memorial Health Alliance Hospital, Leominster, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darnobid
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000552:Ambulances; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000592:standards*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting; D009622:Noise; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D013997:Time Factors; D014187:Transportation of Patients