title: An integrative view of microbiome-host interactions in inflammatory bowel diseases.
abstract: The intestinal microbiota, which is composed of bacteria, viruses, and micro-eukaryotes, acts as an accessory organ system with distinct functions along the intestinal tract that are critical for health. This review focuses on how the microbiota drives intestinal disease through alterations in microbial community architecture, disruption of the mucosal barrier, modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and dysfunction of the enteric nervous system. Inflammatory bowel disease is used as a model system to understand these microbial-driven pathologies, but the knowledge gained in this space is extended to less-well-studied intestinal diseases that may also have an important microbial component, including environmental enteropathy and chronic colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wlodarska
authors.affiliation: The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Aleksandar D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kostic
authors.affiliation: The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: xavier@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Ramnik J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Xavier
mesh_terms: D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000276:immunology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*