title: In vitro degradation and cell viability assessment of Zn-3Mg alloy for biodegradable bone implants.
abstract: This article reports the in vitro degradation and cytotoxicity assessment of Zn-3Mg alloy developed for biodegradable bone implants. The alloy was prepared using casting, and its microstructure was composed of Mg2Zn11 intermetallic phase distributed within a Zn-rich matrix. The degradation assessment was done using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectrometry. The cell viability and the function of normal human osteoblast cells were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium and alkaline phosphatase extracellular enzyme activity assays. The results showed that the degradation rate of the alloy was slower than those of pure Zn and pure Mg due to the formation of a high polarization resistance oxide film. The alloy was cytocompatible with the normal human osteoblast cells at low concentrations (<0.5 mg/mL), and its alkaline phosphatase activity was superior to pure Mg. This assessment suggests that Zn-3Mg alloy has the potential to be developed as a material for biodegradable bone implants, but the toxicity limit must be carefully observed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dambatta
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Murni
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izman
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea denni@utm.my.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kurniawan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
authors.forename: G R A
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Froemming
authors.affiliation: Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hermawan
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Biodegradable metal; Zn–Mg alloy; cell viability; degradation; osteoblast