title: Research biopsies in the context of early phase oncology studies: clinical and ethical considerations.
abstract: The Personalized Medicine approach in oncology is a direct result of an improved understanding of complex tumor biology and advances in diagnostic technologies. In recent years, there has been an increased demand for archival and fresh tumor analysis in early clinical trials to foster proof-of-concept biomarker development, to understand resistance mechanisms, and ultimately to assess biological response. Although phase I studies are aimed at defining drug safety, pharmacokinetics, and to recommend a phase II dose for further testing, there is now increasing evidence of mandatory tumor biopsies even at the earliest dose-finding stages of drug development. The increasing demand for fresh tumor biopsies adds to the complexity of novel phase I studies and results in different challenges, ranging from logistical support to ethical concerns. This paper investigates key issues, including patients' perceptions of research biopsies, the need for accurate informed consent, and alternative strategies that may guide the drug development process.
authors.affiliation: Sarah Cannon Research UK , UK ; University College London , UK.
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saggese
authors.affiliation: Sarah Cannon Research UK , UK ; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital , London, UK.
authors.forename: Divyanshu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.affiliation: University College London , UK.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Sarah Cannon Research UK , UK ; University College London , UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lemech
authors.affiliation: Sarah Cannon Research UK , UK ; University College London , UK.
authors.forename: Hendrik-Tobias
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Arkenau
keywords: ethics; informed consent; phase I oncology trials; research biopsies