title: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling determines kidney size.
abstract: Kidney size adaptively increases as mammals grow and in response to the loss of 1 kidney. It is not clear how kidneys size themselves or if the processes that adapt kidney mass to lean body mass also mediate renal hypertrophy following unilateral nephrectomy (UNX). Here, we demonstrated that mice harboring a proximal tubule-specific deletion of Pten (Pten(ptKO)) have greatly enlarged kidneys as the result of persistent activation of the class I PI3K/mTORC2/AKT pathway and an increase of the antiproliferative signals p21(Cip1/WAF) and p27(Kip1). Administration of rapamycin to Pten(ptKO) mice diminished hypertrophy. Proximal tubule-specific deletion of Egfr in Pten(ptKO) mice also attenuated class I PI3K/mTORC2/AKT signaling and reduced the size of enlarged kidneys. In Pten(ptKO) mice, UNX further increased mTORC1 activation and hypertrophy in the remaining kidney; however, mTORC2-dependent AKT phosphorylation did not increase further in the remaining kidney of Pten(ptKO) mice, nor was it induced in the remaining kidney of WT mice. After UNX, renal blood flow and amino acid delivery to the remaining kidney rose abruptly, followed by increased amino acid content and activation of a class III PI3K/mTORC1/S6K1 pathway. Thus, our findings demonstrate context-dependent roles for EGFR-modulated class I PI3K/mTORC2/AKT signaling in the normal adaptation of kidney size and PTEN-independent, nutrient-dependent class III PI3K/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling in the compensatory enlargement of the remaining kidney following UNX.
authors.forename: Jian-Kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kojiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Jianchun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plieth
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: Jinxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: T Alp
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ikizler
authors.forename: C Chad
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Quarles
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Threadgill
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Neilson
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D000076225:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000076225:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D020123:Sirolimus; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; C512964:Rps6ka1 protein, mouse