title: Label-Free Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters for Genotyping of Deletion and Duplication of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
abstract: Real applications in clinical diagnosis of label-free fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are demonstrated. Double-strand DNA (dsDNA) can act as an effective template for the formation of CuNCs, which can be used to distinguish the deletion or duplication genotypes of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) due to different fluorescent intensities. After PCR, the DMD amplicons reacted with copper ion by reduction of ascorbic acid and generated fluorescence. The exons of the DMD gene were taken as the model analytes for genetic diagnosis. In this sensing system, the deletion type does not show fluorescence; on the other hand, the duplication type emits higher fluorescence than normal type. Parameters of this sensing system were optimized, including PCR conditions, levels of copper ion and ascorbate, and reaction time. The DMD-dominated exons 45, 46, and 47 were detected, and the method was applied to six samples of DMD patients. The results were consistent with those of the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method. This strategy was feasible to detect all exons of this disease.
authors.forename: Chung-An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chun-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: §Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.|∥College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuh-Jyh
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jong
authors.affiliation: ⊥Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shou-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020440:Gene Duplication; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D010316:Particle Size; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D003300:Copper; D004247:DNA