title: Real-time eye lens dose monitoring during cerebral angiography procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a real-time dose-monitoring system to measure the patient's eye lens dose during neuro-interventional procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiation dose received at left outer canthus (LOC) and left eyelid (LE) were measured using Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor dosimeters on 35 patients who underwent diagnostic or cerebral embolization procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The radiation dose received at the LOC region was significantly higher than the dose received by the LE. The maximum eye lens dose of 1492 mGy was measured at LOC region for an AVM case, followed by 907 mGy for an aneurysm case and 665 mGy for a diagnostic angiography procedure. Strong correlations (shown as R(2)) were observed between kerma-area-product and measured eye doses (LOC: 0.78, LE: 0.68). Lateral and frontal air-kerma showed strong correlations with measured dose at LOC (AKL: 0.93, AKF: 0.78) and a weak correlation with measured dose at LE. A moderate correlation was observed between fluoroscopic time and dose measured at LE and LOC regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MOSkin dose-monitoring system represents a new tool enabling real-time monitoring of eye lens dose during neuro-interventional procedures. This system can provide interventionalists with information needed to adjust the clinical procedure to control the patient's dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time patient dose monitoring helps interventionalists to monitor doses. Strong correlation was observed between kerma-area-product and measured eye doses. Radiation dose at left outer canthus was higher than at left eyelid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Safari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: J H D
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K A A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kadir
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cutajar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petasecca
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: M L F
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lerch
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. ngkh@um.edu.my.|University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. ngkh@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000628:therapy; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods
keywords: Cerebral angiography; Eye lens; Interventional radiology; Real-time dose monitoring