title: Risk factors of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric neuroendocrine tumor with normal serum gastrin level.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Locoregional gastric carcinoids with normal serum gastrin level have been recommended radical resection regardless of tumor size or depth of invasion. However, there have been some reports which showed small sporadic gastric carcinoids could be treated with local resection. The aim of this study was to elucidate risk factors of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric carcinoids with normal serum gastrin level and determine the indications for limited resection such as endoscopic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed clinicopathologic reviews of thirty gastric carcinoids with normal serum gastrin level from January 1996 to December 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One case show distant metastasis and two cases showed lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis. For twenty seven cases which showed no regional lymph node or distant metastasis initially no additional lymph node or distant metastasis were diagnosed throughout the follow up period. Large tumor size (>10 mm), proper muscle infiltration, WHO classification grade 2 and lymphovascular invasion was noted risk factor of lymph node metastasis by univariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small (≤10 mm) gastric carcinoids with normal serum gastrin level confined to submucosa can be treated with endoscopic or local resection unless lymphovascular invasion.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Kee Don
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young Wha
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hwoon-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Gin Hyug
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho June
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Do Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwi-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jeong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Suh Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Jin-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005755:Gastrins