title: Glycocalyx-Mimicking Nanoparticles for Stimulation and Polarization of Macrophages via Specific Interactions.
abstract: Malignant tumors develop multiple mechanisms to impair and escape from antitumor immune responses, of which tumor-associated macrophages that often show immunosuppressive phenotype (M2), play a critical role in tumor-induced immunosuppression. Therefore, strategies that can reverse M2 phenotype and even enhance immune-stimulation function of macrophage would benefit tumor immunotherapy. In this paper, self-assembled glyco-nanoparticles (glyco-NPs), as artificial glycocalyx, have been found to be able to successfully induce the polarization of mouse primary peritoneal macrophages from M2 to inflammatory type (M1). The polarization change was evidenced by the decreased expression of cell surface signaling molecules CD206 and CD23, and the increased expression of CD86. Meanwhile, secretion of cytokines supported this polarization change as well. More importantly, this phenomenon is observed not only in vitro, but also in vivo. As far as we known, this is the first report about macrophage polarization being induced by synthetic nanomaterials. Moreover, preparation, characterization of these glyco-NPs and their interaction with the macrophages are also demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Weiyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Xiulong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yufei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Guangwei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Guosong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019276:Glycocalyx / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011108:Polymers
keywords: biomimicry; glycocalyx; macromolecular self-assembly; macrophage polarization; mouse peritoneal macrophages; nanoparticles