title: Does the technique of carotid endarterectomy determine postoperative hypertension?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension (HT) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a risk factor for postoperative myocardial infarction, stroke, and neck hematoma. We compared the incidence of postoperative HT within the week after eversion CEA (e-CEA) and patch closure CEA (p-CEA). Postoperative HT was defined as a systolic blood pressure (sBP) ≥ 160 mm Hg and/or the need for postoperative vasodilatators. The aim of our study was to determine if the technique of CEA had an effect on postoperative HT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2010 and June 2011, we prospectively reviewed 560 consecutive endarterectomies (340 p-CEAs and 220 e-CEAs) performed in 443 patients under general anesthesia. All had >70% stenoses, 119 were symptomatic, and 441 asymptomatic. We compared preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative sBP and diastolic blood pressure, carotid sinus nerve block, postoperative intravenous and oral antihypertensive medications, neurologic and cardiac complications, and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The e-CEA group had a higher incidence of women (36.4% vs. 21.8%, P = 0.0002) and HT (85.0% vs. 78.2%, P = 0.04). The e-CEAs had a significantly higher incidence of carotid sinus nerve block (93.6% vs. 15.6%, P < 0.0001). The incidence of postoperative HT was not significantly different between the 2 groups (75.9% in the e-CEA group versus 68.5% in the p-CEA group, P = 0.06). The average postoperative sBP between postoperative hour (H) 2 and H12 was significantly higher in the e-CEA group but <160 mm Hg. The sBP dropped between H2 and H6, and this decrease was greater in the p-CEA group (30% vs. 15% in the e-CEA group). The need for postoperative antihypertensive medication was not different between the 2 groups. One independent risk factor of postoperative HT was identified: history of HT. The rate of postoperative complications was not significantly different between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The e-CEA technique is not a risk factor and does not have an effect on postoperative HT. The postoperative sBP was more stable in this group. Eversion carotid endarterectomy has been considered, in the literature, as a risk factor of postoperative hypertension. We conducted a large prospective and comparative study of the endarterectomy technique by eversion and with conventional patch closure. The primary end point was the blood pressure value and the administration of antihypertensive treatment. Our study shows that postoperative hypertension after carotid endarterectomy is not related to the surgical technique. Changes in blood pressure after carotid endarterectomy by eversion are lower than those observed after conventional endarterectomy with patch closure. This technique prevents the occurrence of possible hypotension occurrence, which can be the cause of perioperative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ben Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benezit
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bailly
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Information, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aublet-Cuvelier
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Information, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mulliez
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ribal
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: erosset@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosset
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents