title: The Effect of Exercise on Respiratory Resistance in Athletes With and Without Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An investigational, portable instrument was used to assess inspiratory (R(i)) and expiratory (R(e)) resistances during resting tidal breathing (RTB), postexercise breathing (PEB), and recovery breathing (RB) in athletes with and without paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled, repeated measures within-subject and between-groups design. Twenty-four teenage female athletes, 12 with and 12 without PVFMD, breathed into the Airflow Perturbation Device for baseline measures of respiratory resistance and for two successive 1-min trials after treadmill running for up to 12 min. Exercise duration and dyspnea ratings were collected and compared across groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Athletes with PVFMD had lower than control R(i) and R(e) values during RTB that significantly increased at PEB and decreased during RB. Control athletes' R(e) decreased significantly from RTB to PEB but not from PEB to RB, whereas R(i) did not change from RTB to PEB but decreased from PEB to RB. Athletes without PVFMD ran longer, providing lower dyspnea ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediately following exercise, athletes with PVFMD experienced increased respiratory resistance that affected their exercise performance. The difference in resting respiratory resistances between groups is intriguing and could point to anatomical differences or neural adaptation in teenagers with PVFMD. The Airflow Perturbation Device appears to be a clinically feasible tool that can provide insight into PVFMD and objective data for tracking treatment progress.
authors.forename: Sally J K
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gallena
authors.forename: Nancy Pearl
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Arthur T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vossoughi
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D064706:Vocal Cord Dysfunction / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*