title: Influence of soil properties on the bioaccumulation and effects of arsenic in the earthworm Eisenia andrei.
abstract: This study aimed at assessing the influence of soil properties on the uptake and toxicity effects of arsenic in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed for 4 weeks to seven natural soils spiked with different arsenic concentrations. Water-soluble soil concentrations (AsW) and internal As concentrations in the earthworms (AsE) were greatly different between soils. These two variables were highly correlated and were key factors in earthworm toxicity response. AsW was explained by some soil properties, such as the pH, calcium carbonate content, ionic strength, texture or oxide forms. Toxicity showed a clear variation between soils, in some cases without achieving 50 % adverse effect at the highest As concentration added (600 mg kg(-1)). Nevertheless, soil properties did not show, in general, a high relation with studied toxicity endpoints, although the high correlation with AsW could greatly reduce indirectly As bioavailability and toxicity risk for earthworms. Obtained results suggest that soil properties should be part of the criteria to establishing thresholds for contaminated soils because they will be key in controlling As availability and thus result in different degrees of toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, University of Granada, Avd. Fuente Nueva, 18002, Granada, Spain. anaromerof@ugr.es.|Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. anaromerof@ugr.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romero-Freire
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, University of Granada, Avd. Fuente Nueva, 18002, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: F J Martín
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Peinado
authors.affiliation: NanoHealth & Safety group, R&D department of LEITAT Technological Centre, Carrer de la Innovació, 2, 08225, Terrasa, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M Díez
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: van Gestel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Arsenic; Bioavailability; Earthworm accumulation; Soil properties; Toxicity