title: Squash Cytology of a Dural-Based High-Grade Chondrosarcoma May Mimic That of Glioblastoma in the Central Nervous System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracranial chondrosarcoma is rare, and most cases occur in the skull base. Intradural chondrosarcoma is even rarer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we describe a case of dural chondrosarcoma with a radiation history for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a radical prostatectomy for prostatic cancer 15 and 8 years earlier, respectively. A 67-year-old man presented with a 3-week memory disturbance and dysarthria. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images of the brain revealed a dural-based mass in the left temporal area. Under the impression of a glioblastoma, a resection and an intraoperative squash cytology were done. A necrotic dirty background as well as bluish-to-pinkish myxoid stroma were characteristic; the nuclei of highly pleomorphic tumor cells were hyperchromatic to vesicular with an occasional ground-glass appearance. The cytoplasm was of an eosinophilic hyalinized condensed morphology with an occasional granular appearance. Histologically, the lobulated mass was composed of hypercellular lobules of well-differentiated chondrocytes intermixed with anaplastic pleomorphic cells and diagnosed as a conventional grade III chondrosarcoma. These cells were immunoreactive for D2-40, S-100 protein and vimentin. Brain invasion was also found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Albeit rare, dural-based chondrosarcomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis for meningeal tumors, especially in the case of previous radiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sangho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Na Rae
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Hae
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Gi-Taek
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Hyun Yee
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009336:Necrosis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor