title: Modes of action associated with uranium induced adverse effects in bone function and development.
abstract: Uranium, a naturally occurring element used in military and industrial applications, accumulates in the skeletal system of animals and humans. Evidence from animal and in-vitro studies demonstrates that uranium exposure is associated with alterations in normal bone functions. The available studies suggest that upon absorption uranium directly affects bone development and maintenance by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation and normal functions, and indirectly by disrupting renal production of Vitamin D. Animal studies also provide evidence for increased susceptibility to uranium-induced bone toxicity during early life stages. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of uranium-induced bone toxicity and the potential mechanisms by which uranium can interfere with bone development and promote fragility. Since normal Vitamin D production and osteoblast functions are essential for bone growth and maintenance, young individuals and the elderly may represent potentially susceptible populations to uranium-induced bone damage.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, WA, DC 20460, USA.
authors.forename: Xabier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Arzuaga
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, WA, DC 20460, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gehlhaus
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, WA, DC 20460, USA. Electronic address: Strong.Jamie@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strong
mesh_terms: D000512:Alpha Particles / Q000009:adverse effects; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000528:radiation effects; D001846:Bone Development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D014501:Uranium / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014501:Uranium
keywords: Bone development; Osteotoxicity; Uranium; Vitamin D