title: [Hand injuries in mountain sports].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apart from clean cut finger amputations, every kind of hand injury can be seen in mountain and winter sports but only skier's thumb and injuries of the pulley system in sport climbers are seen in a greater number of cases. Nevertheless, these two common injuries as well as the rare frostbite of the fingers are often underdiagnosed or overdiagnosed as well as undertreated or overtreated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes the diagnostics and treatment of skier's thumb, injuries of the pulley system in sport climbers and frostbite of the fingers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before checking the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint of the thumb for stability, radiographs should be taken to exclude a bony avulsion of the ulnar collateral ligament in skier's thumb. If there is no bony ligament avulsion further diagnostic procedures, e.g. ultrasound, are recommended to prove or exclude a Stener lesion, which is an absolute indication for operative treatment together with a dislocated bony ligament avulsion. To quantify the severity of a lesion of the pulley system ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are needed. Most lesions of the pulley system can be treated conservatively. Only multiple pulley ruptures or isolated ruptures associated with a lesion of the lumbrical muscles or collateral ligaments require operative treatment. As long as there is no infection amputation should be done as late as possible in frostbite of the fingers because the extent of the frostbite can rarely be correctly estimated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most cases of skier's thumb as well as lesions of the pulley system can be treated non-operatively but precise diagnostics are needed.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Handchirurgie, Rhön-Klinikum, Salzburger Leite 1, 97615, Bad Neustadt, Deutschland, hael@handchirurgie.de.
authors.forename: K-J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Prommersberger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mühldorfer-Fodor
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalb
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006230:Hand Injuries; D006801:Humans; D009051:Mountaineering / Q000293:injuries*; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013933:Thumb / Q000293:injuries*