title: Intensification and isolation: psychosocial work environment changes in Spain 2005-10.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Work organization in Spain has traditionally been based on a high proportion of passive work. Changes in the labour market in Europe and the economic crisis that began in 2008 may have had an impact on the pace of work in Spain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of exposure to high-strain work and passive work in 2010 compared with 2005 and to analyse the distribution by gender, age and occupation of workers exposed to high strain and iso-strain in 2010 compared with 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two representative samples of the Spanish working population were compared. Unweighted and weighted prevalences in 2010 were calculated and compared with those in 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 2010 sample of 5110 workers, 29% (95% CI 27.8; 30.7) were exposed to high strain (of whom 83% had low social support). There was an increase of 6% (95% CI 3.8; 7.1) in high strain, and of 7% (95% CI 5.2; 8.3) to iso-strain, compared with 2005 (n = 7612). In 2010, as in 2005, the proportion of manual workers exposed to strain and iso-strain was more than double the corresponding proportion in non-manual workers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There has been an intensification of work, reduction in social support and a notable increase in exposure to high strain and iso-strain. The class inequalities reflect the segmentation of the Spanish labour market.
authors.affiliation: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Grup Recerca Amèrica i Àfrica Llatines (GRAAL), Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain, mireia.utzet@uab.cat.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utzet
authors.affiliation: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Grup Recerca Amèrica i Àfrica Llatines (GRAAL), Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS), Reference Centre on Work Organisation and Health, 08003 Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Sociology, Political Sciences and Sociology Faculty, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Llorens
authors.affiliation: Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health (ISTAS), Reference Centre on Work Organisation and Health, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moncada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000592:standards; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Job strain; psychosocial factors; social inequity; social support.