title: Vocal Hyperfunction in Parents of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of habits and symptoms of vocal hyperfunction in the parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 24 children with ADHD and 30 children of a control group completed a specific questionnaire to detect the hyperfunctional use of the voice (excessive talking, excessive loudness, talking too fast, and shouting), hoarseness, vocal fatigue, mental and physical fatigue, and the degree of parental concern for the vocal health of their child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents of children with ADHD spoke more often, faster, and stronger than the parents of the control group; in addition, they also used a louder volume than they usually used when they spoke to their children. The parents manifested more vocal, mental, and physical fatigue than the parents of the control group. There was a significant correlation between the "concern" for the vocal health of their children with respect to vocal symptoms of the children, the habits of vocal hyperfunctioning, and the symptoms suffered by the parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the parents of children with ADHD change their vocal attitude when communicating with their children. Most likely, the increased concern of parents with ADHD children and their respective level of stress lead to hyperfunctional vocal usage. This subsequently leads to symptoms of vocal, physical, and mental fatigue at the end of the day.
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy and Research Method in Education, Faculty of Education Science, University of La Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. Electronic address: teresa.greal@udc.es.
authors.forename: Garcia-Real
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Teresa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Lucus Augusti Hospital, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Tomás M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Díaz-Román
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005222:Mental Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D014833:Voice Quality
keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Parents; Stress; Vocal hyperfunction