title: Impact of pre-analytical factors on mycobacterium cultures contaminations rates in Burkina Faso, West Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For a high quality level diagnosis, mycobacterium culture must comply with the pre-analytical and analytical conditions recommended by the WHO and the country National Tuberculosis Program (NTP). In this study, we determined whether temperature and duration of sputum storage were associated with culture contamination in Burkina Faso.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sputa were collected in 5 districts labs in Burkina Faso. Temperature and duration of sputum storage were recorded. After the collection, sputa were decontaminated using Petroff modified method, and the pellet was inoculated on LJ media and LJ media supply with 2% sodium pyruvate. Risk of culture contamination associated with temperature and duration of sputum storage was measured by Chi2 test and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 404 specimens, 61% (246/404) were stored between 2 and 8°C, and 15% (61/404) were processed within three days. The global contamination rate was 24%, with only 8% for samples respecting WHO recommendations, up to 35% for others. Storage at room temperature was associated with a significantly higher risk of contamination compared to storage at 2-8°C (OR 2.24, p = 0.001, IC 95%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recommendations about the temperature and the duration of sputum storage before cultures are not completely respected. This leads to high contamination rate of mycobacterium culture. It will be necessary to take logistics measures in peripherals health services or to develop more selective medium for mycobacterium culture in low income countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of transmissible diseases, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaboré
authors.affiliation: Department of transmissible diseases, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ; Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (DRO), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hien
authors.affiliation: Department of transmissible diseases, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Montpellier, département de Bactériologie-Virologie, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Adama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanou
authors.affiliation: Department of transmissible diseases, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Dézémon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zingué
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Science Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daneau
authors.affiliation: Department of transmissible diseases, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Zakaria
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ganamé
authors.affiliation: Department of transmissible diseases, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Moumini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nouctara
authors.affiliation: Department of transmissible diseases, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Mamoudou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ouédraogo
authors.affiliation: Department of transmissible diseases, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Oumarou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ouédraogo
authors.affiliation: District Sanitaire de DAFRA, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Félicité
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koutou
authors.affiliation: Department of transmissible diseases, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomgnimbou
authors.affiliation: Department of transmissible diseases, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Méda
authors.affiliation: University Montpellier 1, INSERM U1058 Infection by HIV and agents with mucocutaneous tropism from pathogenesis to prevention, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Dorine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neveu
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Montpellier, département de Bactériologie-Virologie, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Godreuil
authors.affiliation: Bacteriology-Virology Department, CHU Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; Departement of health sciences, University of Ouagadougou/Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Lassana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sangaré
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Sputum; contamination; storage