title: Vitamin D Deficiency in HIV Infection: Not Only a Bone Disorder.
abstract: Hypovitaminosis D is a worldwide disorder, with a high prevalence in the general population of both Western and developing countries. In HIV patients, several studies have linked vitamin D status with bone disease, neurocognitive impairment, depression, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, infections, autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the most recent epidemiological and experimental data dealing with the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and HIV infection. We analysed the extent of the problem, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical implications, and potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in HIV-infected subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mansueto
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seidita
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giustina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy ; IFC CNR, Messina Unit, 98100 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangemi
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Papardo-Piemonte Hospital, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iaria
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy ; AILMI-ONLUS Italian Association for the Control of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1992-1796
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cascio
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*