title: Morphological and anatomical changes related to leg anomalies inTegenaria atrica.
abstract: A range of leg anomalies was detected in embryos of theTegenaria atricaspiders exposed to alternating temperatures of 14 and 32 °C. Multiple anomalies were observed in 13 individuals. This study is based on five individuals: two individuals affected by oligomely combined, respectively, with heterosymely and polymely, one affected by polymely with heterosymely, one by complicated polymely (accompanied by the reduction in length and malformations of the distal parts of the legs), and one individual with pure polymely. Changes in the central nervous system of these five individuals were described in detail on the basis of histological sections. The changes were mainly related to the number of neuromeres. Individuals affected by polymely had additional ganglia corresponding to the number of additional appendages, whereas the absence of a leg (oligomely) was associated with the absence of a ganglion. Histological analysis showed the fusion of ganglia in the three polymelic specimens, even though additional appendages were not fused.
authors.affiliation: Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Lwowska 1, Poland.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Napiórkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Lwowska 1, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Napiórkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Lwowska 1, Poland.
authors.forename: Julita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Templin
keywords: Central nervous system; Malformations; Spider; Teratogenic factor