title: Electrospun polystyrene/graphene nanofiber film as a novel adsorbent of thin film microextraction for extraction of aldehydes in human exhaled breath condensates.
abstract: In the current study, we introduced a novel polystyrene/graphene (PS/G) composite nanofiber film for thin film microextraction (TFME) for the first time. The PS/G nanofiber film was fabricated on the surface of filter paper by a facile electrospinning method. The morphology and extraction performance of the resultant composite film were investigated systematically. The PS/G nanofiber film exhibited porous fibrous structure, large surface area and strong hydrophobicity. A new thin film microextraction-high performance liquid chromatography (TFME-HPLC) method was developed for the determination of six aldehydes in human exhaled breath condensates. The method showed high enrichment efficiency and fast analysis speed. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of the analytes were in the range of 0.02-30 μmol L(-1) with correlation coefficients above 0.9938, and the recoveries were between 79.8% and 105.6% with the relative standard deviation values lower than 16.3% (n=5). The limits of quantification of six aldehydes ranged from 13.8 to 64.6 nmol L(-1). The established method was successfully applied for the quantification of aldehyde metabolites in exhaled breath condensates of lung cancer patients and healthy people. Taken together, the TFME-HPLC method provides a simple, rapid, sensitive, cost-effective, non-invasion approach for the analysis of linear aliphatic aldehydes in human exhaled breath condensates.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: tolairyf@126.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: denght@mail.ccnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: ddsong@mail.ccnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: huixu@mail.ccnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis*; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D011137:Polystyrenes; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Aldehyde; Electrospinning; Exhaled breath condensate; High performance liquid chromatography; Polystyrene/graphene nanofibers; Thin film microextraction