title: Examination of the validity of the Brief Neurocognitive Assessment (BNA) for schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many comprehensive batteries exist to evaluate the nature and degree of cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia, short batteries hold promise for rapidly screening and estimating deficits in global cognition. Recently, the Brief Neurocognitive Assessment (BNA) was established and has been shown to have similar validity and utility to a more comprehensive battery of cognitive tests in evaluating global cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. The present study sought to further establish the validity of the BNA by comparing it with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred seventy-six patients with schizophrenia and 300 healthy volunteers participated in the present study. Global cognition was evaluated using the MCCB composite score and estimated using the BNA. To examine practice effects and test-retest reliability, patients were re-assessed after 4weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BNA was highly correlated with global cognition as evaluated by the MCCB in both the schizophrenia (r=0.82) and healthy control samples (r=0.75). Both instruments were similarly sensitive to deficits in global cognition in patients with schizophrenia relative to healthy controls. The BNA also demonstrated high test-retest reliability in patients with schizophrenia (r=0.87), comparable to the level observed with the MCCB (r=0.91). In addition, both the BNA and MCCB showed a similar level of practice effects (both Cohen's d=0.11), and both instruments demonstrated equivalent sensitivities to longitudinal change. Furthermore, scores from the BNA and MCCB were related to symptom severity and functional capacity to a similar degree.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BNA provides clinicians and researchers with an efficient and reliable means by which to evaluate global neurocognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia by allowing estimation of performance on a more comprehensive standardized battery.
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: gagan.fervaha@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Gagan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fervaha
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Agid
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Foussias
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Ishraq
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remington
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
keywords: Functional competence; Generalized cognitive impairment; Neuropsychological testing; Processing speed; Psychosis; Reliable change index; Working memory