title: Monocytosis and a Low Lymphocyte to Monocyte Ratio Are Effective Biomarkers of Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current biomarkers in ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited by their performance, cost, and limited availability in daily practice. This study examined alterations in the leukocyte profiles as biomarkers of UC activity, including the effects of age, gender, and medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study that included 110 UC subjects, 75 subjects with Clostridium difficile infection, and 75 non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subjects, randomly selected from a single-institution IBD database. Mean values of neutrophils (N), lymphocytes (L), monocytes (M) and their ratios were compared between groups. Receiver operator curve analyses assessed the performance of each biomarker in discriminating disease states. Subgroup analyses examined leukocytes profiles with endoscopic activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated monocyte counts and decreased L/M values significantly differed between subjects with active UC and UC in remission and performed better than the other leukocyte profiles. A monocyte count of 483 and L/M ratio of 3.1 were 60% sensitive and had a specificity of 61% and 53%, respectively for active UC. Monocyte count >860 and L/M value <1.6 had a 75% positive predictive value for UC activity. Those markers also correlated with endoscopically active disease. L/M and N/L values performed best at differentiating active UC from non-IBD controls, whereas N/L and N values performed best at differentiating from C. difficile controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monocytosis and a low L/M ratio might be effective, readily available, and low-cost biomarkers to identify disease activity in UC patients. N/L values were more effective in distinguishing active UC patients from patients without IBD and those with C. difficile infection.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; †Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and ‡Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Cynthia E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cherfane
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gessel
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: Miriam B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polyak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers