title: A combination of electro-enzymatic catalysis and electrocoagulation for the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals from water.
abstract: We in this study investigated a novel electrochemical approach combining electro-enzyme and electrocoagulation to precipitate bisphenol A (BPA) from water containing humic acid (HA). Horseradish peroxidase was immobilized on the graphite felt of Ti electrode as HRP-GF/Ti cathode, with aluminum plate anode establishing a pair of working electrodes. BPA was 100% removed and the reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) reached 95.1% after 20-min sequencing treatment with the current density of 2.3 mA/cm(2). Real wastewater (TOC=28.76 mg/L, BPA=4.1 μg/L) also can achieve 94% BPA removal and 52% TOC reduction after sequencing treatment. Additionally, coupled electro-system with continuous flow only required energy of 0.016 kWh/m(3) to achieve simultaneous 90% BPA and 85% TOC removal. As indicated in the time-of-flight mass spectrometry and FTIR spectra, the electro-enzymatic process not only oxidized BPA into dimer and BPA-3,4-quinone, but also greatly altered the chemical and structural features of HA, where hydrophilic moieties (phenolic and alcohols) transformed into hydrophobic forms (ethers, quinone and aliphatic). These polymerized products were effectively separated from aquous solution during anodic electrocoagulation, leading to significant removal of BPA and TOC. Thus, the coupled process may provide a faster and less energy strategy to control certain emerging contaminants in water/wastewater treatment.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: hzhao@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Penghui
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Chenming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: hbcao@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Crittenden
authors.affiliation: College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States. Electronic address: qhuang@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Qingguo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D004566:Electrodes; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006812:Humic Substances; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000535:Aluminum; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002244:Carbon; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D006108:Graphite; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D006812:Humic Substances; D010100:Oxygen; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D014025:Titanium; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Electro-enzyme; Electrocoagulation; Enzyme-catalyzed polymerization; Humic acid