title: Effect of chemomechanical caries removal on bonding of resin-modified glass ionomer cement adhesives to caries-affected dentine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the effect of: (1) chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR); (2) dentine surface treatments and (3) dentine substrates on adhesion of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) adhesives.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty permanent molars exhibiting moderate cavitation on the occlusal surface into dentine were used. Seventy-five carious molars were used for bond strength testing; the remaining 45 for micromorphological evaluation of the bonded interface. Caries was excavated with NaOCl-based CMCR (Carisolv), enzyme-based CMCR (Papacarie), or conventional rotary caries removal methods. Dentine surface treatment was performed using 37% phosphoric acid, 25-30% PAA or 20% PAA + 3% AlCl3 .
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-way ANOVA revealed that all three factors 'caries removal methods', 'dentine surface treatments' and 'dentine substrates' did not significantly affect bond strength (p > 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that the acid-base resistant layer was thicker in caries-affected dentine compared to sound dentine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NaOCl- and enzyme-based CMCR methods have no adverse effect on adhesion of RMGIC adhesives to sound and caries-affected dentine. Dentine surface treatment with 37% phosphoric acid for 5 s has no negative effect on bonding of RMGIC adhesives to dentine compared with using polyacrylic acid for 10 s. RMGIC adhesives bonded well to both sound and caries-affected dentine.
authors.affiliation: Aesthetic and Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hhh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamama
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Cky
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yiu
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Burrow
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000473:pathology*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000737:chemistry; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar; D010206:Papain / Q000737:chemistry; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C119934:Carisolv; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C509557:Papacarie; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D010206:Papain; D007930:Leucine; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Acid-base resistant zone; Carisolv; Papacarie; RMGIC adhesive; chemomechanical caries removal