title: The role and fate of inorganic nitrogen species during UVA/TiO₂ disinfection.
abstract: Inorganic nitrogen species have three states including ammonia nitrogen (NH4(+)/NH3), nitrite (NO2(-)) and nitrate (NO3(-)) and are often found in the disinfection system. However, no available literature could be found on their role and fate in photocatalytic disinfection systems. In this study, batch experiments were conducted to investigate bacteria inactivation, H2O2 generated and inorganic nitrogen variation to understand the role and fate of inorganic nitrogen species during UVA/TiO2 disinfection and evaluate effects of initial pH and bacteria levels on the role and fate. NH4(+)/NH3 and NO2(-) inhibited the photocatalytic disinfection process obviously. It could be confirmed through that H2O2 yield used for pathogen inactivation was dependent on NH4(+)/NH3 and NO2(-) levels. The NH4(+)/NH3 remaining, NH4(+) remaining and NO3(-) yields in only NH4(+)/NH3 photocatalytic oxidation experiments were obviously different from the corresponding values in the photocatalytic disinfection experiments with NH4(+)/NH3, which confirmed that photocatalytic disinfection had an obvious effect on the fate of NH4(+)/NH3. However, photocatalytic disinfection had slight effects on the fate of NO2(-) and NO3(-). Escherischia coli inactivation rate was the highest in neutral solutions (Initial pH 7) while the lowest in alkaline solutions (Initial pH 8.5). The decrease of NH4(+)/NH3 in alkaline solutions was the most significant. In turn, the photocatalysis of NO2(-) was more evident in acidic solutions. E. coli inactivation was reduced with the increase of initial E. coli concentrations. The initial bacteria concentrations significantly influenced the increase of NH4(+)/NH3, NH4(+) and NO3(-), but slightly impacted the decrease of NO2(-).
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, China. Electronic address: z850108xj@163.com.
authors.forename: XiaoJun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jiangyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, China.
authors.forename: MinDong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Ammonia nitrogen; Nitrate; Nitrite; Photocatalytic disinfection; UVA/TiO(2)