title: Precise Quantization of the Anomalous Hall Effect near Zero Magnetic Field.
abstract: We report a nearly ideal quantum anomalous Hall effect in a three-dimensional topological insulator thin film with ferromagnetic doping. Near zero applied magnetic field we measure exact quantization in the Hall resistance to within a part per 10 000 and a longitudinal resistivity under 1  Ω per square, with chiral edge transport explicitly confirmed by nonlocal measurements. Deviations from this behavior are found to be caused by thermally activated carriers, as indicated by an Arrhenius law temperature dependence. Using the deviations as a thermometer, we demonstrate an unexpected magnetocaloric effect and use it to reach near-perfect quantization by cooling the sample below the dilution refrigerator base temperature in a process approximating adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.|Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bestwick
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.|Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Xufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Kang L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.|Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldhaber-Gordon