title: Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract and some of its active ingredients as potential emulsion stabilizers: a new approach to the formation of multiple (W/O/W) emulsion.
abstract: Nowadays, novel topical formulations loaded with natural functional actives are under intense investigations. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate how the rosemary extract and some of its active ingredients [rosmarinic acid (RA), ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA)] affect technological characteristics of multiple emulsion. Formulation has been prepared by adding investigated solutions (10%) in water/oil/water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion consisting of different lipophilic phases: olive oil and liquid paraffin, with 0.5% emulsifying agent (complex of sodium polyacrylate and polysorbate 20) under constant stirring with mechanical stirrer at room temperature. The emulsion parameters were evaluated using centrifugation test, freeze-thaw cycle test, microscopical and texture analyses. Rosemary's triterpenic saponins UA and OA showed the highest emulsion stabilizing properties: they decreased CI from 3.26% to 10.23% (p < 0.05). According to obtained interfacial tension data, the effect of rosemary active ingredients is not surfactant-like. Even though emulsifier itself at low concentration intends to form directly the multiple emulsion, the obtained results indicate that rosemary extract containing active ingredients does not only serve as functional cosmetic agent due to a number of biological activities, but also offer potential advantages as a stabilizer and an enhancer of W/O/W emulsions formation for dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Drugs Technology and Social Pharmacy .
authors.forename: Ugne
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cizauskaite
authors.affiliation: b Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry , and.
authors.forename: Liudas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ivanauskas
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmacognosy , Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy , Kaunas , Lithuania , and.
authors.forename: Valdas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jakštas
authors.affiliation: b Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry , and.
authors.forename: Ruta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marksiene
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pharmaceutical Technician , Kaunas University of Applied Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania.
authors.forename: Laimute
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jonaitiene
authors.affiliation: a Department of Drugs Technology and Social Pharmacy .
authors.forename: Jurga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernatoniene
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004355:Drug Stability; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D027542:Rosmarinus; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Multiple emulsion; Rosmarinus officinalis; oleanolic acid; rosmarinic acid; ursolic acid