title: Inactive Matrix Gla-Protein Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in an Adult Population-Based Study.
abstract: Increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a marker of aortic stiffness and an independent predictor of mortality. Matrix Gla-protein (MGP) is a vascular calcification inhibitor that needs vitamin K to be activated. Inactive MGP, known as desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP), can be measured in plasma and has been associated with various cardiovascular markers, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality. In this study, we hypothesized that high levels of dp-ucMGP are associated with increased PWV. We recruited participants via a multicenter family-based cross-sectional study in Switzerland. Dp-ucMGP was quantified in plasma by sandwich ELISA. Aortic PWV was determined by applanation tonometry using carotid and femoral pulse waveforms. Multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate associations between PWV and dp-ucMGP adjusting for age, renal function, and other cardiovascular risk factors. We included 1001 participants in our analyses (475 men and 526 women). Mean values were 7.87±2.10 m/s for PWV and 0.43±0.20 nmol/L for dp-ucMGP. PWV was positively associated with dp-ucMGP both before and after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate, renal function, low- and high-density lipoprotein, glucose, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, BP and cholesterol lowering drugs, and history of cardiovascular disease (P≤0.01). In conclusion, high levels of dp-ucMGP are independently and positively associated with arterial stiffness after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors, renal function, and age. Experimental studies are needed to determine whether vitamin K supplementation slows arterial stiffening by increasing MGP carboxylation.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pivin
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Belen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ponte
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Menno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pruijm
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Idris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guessous
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ehret
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Yan-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Nadja E A
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Drummen
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Marjo H J
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Knapen
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pechere-Bertschi
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paccaud
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohaupt
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vermeer
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Staessen
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.).
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burnier
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Chronic Disease, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP) (E.P., F.P., M. Bochud, I.G.), and Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, (M.P., M. Burnier), University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Specialties (B.P., P.-Y.M.), and Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine (I.G.), University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.A., M.M., B.V.); Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland and Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.E.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Y.-P.L., J.A.S.); R&D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.E.A.D., M.H.J.K., C.V.); and Hypertension Unit, Department of Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.P.-B.). Murielle.Bochud@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bochud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*; D000097568:Matrix Gla Protein
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D000097568:Matrix Gla Protein
keywords: calcium-binding protein; matrix Gla-protein; pulse wave velocity; vascular stiffness; vitamin K