title: The utility of human fallopian tube mucosa as a novel source of multipotent stem cells for the treatment of autologous reproductive tract injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fallopian tube, which is normally discarded in surgical procedures, has proven to be a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with increasing evidence. However, fallopian tube mucosa, which can be acquired via non-invasive procedures, is a previously unknown source of MSCs. In the present study, we explored the existence of MSCs in the human fallopian tube mucosa and also compared multipotent stem cells derived from fallopian tubes and fallopian tube mucosa according to their biological characteristics and therapeutic potential for treatment of autologous reproductive tract injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells isolated from human fallopian tubes and fallopian tube mucosa were expanded and characterised by flow cytometry. The proliferative capacity of both cell types was measured by performing colony-forming unit-fibroblast and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Both cell types underwent in vitro adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. The expression of osteocyte-, adipocyte-, and chondrocyte-related genes in the differentiated cell lineages was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The secretion of growth factors and immunomodulatory cytokines by both cell types were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that MSCs existed in the fallopian tube mucosa. The comparison between human fallopian tube MSCs (hFTMSCs) and human fallopian tube mucosa MSCs (hFMMSCs) showed that hFTMSCs had a stronger proliferative capacity and shorter duplication time than hFMMSCs. Both cell types could be differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondrocytes in vitro. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that hFTMSCs displayed increased expression of osteogenic-specific genes compared with hFMMSCs, but the two types of cells showed no significant increase in the mRNA expression of adipogenic-specific or chondrogenic-specific genes. hFMMSCs and hFTMSCs robustly produced a variety of growth factors and immunomodulatory cytokines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human fallopian tube mucosa is a novel source of multipotent cells. hFMMSCs demonstrated stronger proliferative capacity and superior secretion of growth factors and immunomodulatory cytokines than hFTMSCs, making the former a better source of stem cells for the treatment of autologous reproductive tract injury. Compared with fallopian tube, fallopian tube mucosa has more wide-ranging applications and can be used to carry out autologous transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Navy General Hospital, PLA, Fuchengmen Road, No.6, Beijing, 100048, China. 915141329@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jiaojiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Navy General Hospital, PLA, Fuchengmen Road, No.6, Beijing, 100048, China. stampzhy@126.COM.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Jing-Meng Stem Cell Technology CO., Ltd, Shangdi East Road,No.5-2, Beijing, 100048, China. 93910268@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Navy General Hospital, PLA, Fuchengmen Road, No.6, Beijing, 100048, China. shandeyin2011@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Shande
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Navy General Hospital, PLA, Fuchengmen Road, No.6, Beijing, 100048, China. 1329695616@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yunhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chuai
authors.affiliation: Department for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Navy General Hospital, PLA, Fuchengmen Road, No.6, Beijing, 100048, China. one_army@sina.com.
authors.forename: Aiming
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis; D000328:Adult; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D005835:Genitalia / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000166:cytology*; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins