title: [Renal cell carcinoma: Drug therapy and prognostic models].
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the sixth-leading cancer-specific cause of death worldwide. This is mainly caused by metastatic or locally advanced RCC. Approximately 25-30% of patients present with metastasis during the initial diagnosis. Furthermore, 20-30% of patients develop metastatic disease following initial curative surgery. Metastatic RCC is characterized by a poor prognosis with a median overall survival of less than 2 years. Today, targeted therapies such as VEGF receptor inhibitors and antagonists as well as mTOR inhibitors represent the standard of care in metastatic RCC. Conventional chemotherapies or cytokine-based medications have been abandoned due to inferior clinical efficacy compared with targeted therapies. In Germany, sunitinib, pazopanib, temsirolimus, and bevacizumab have been approved for first-line treatment and sorafenib, axitinib, and everolimus for second-line treatment. Prognostic models, assessing individual risk profiles, have been developed in the last 15 years, which are crucial for the design of trials, patient counseling, and initiation of goal-directed therapies.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland, Michael.Reiter@kgu.de.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haferkamp
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents