title: Effects of mydriasis and miosis on kinetic perimetry findings in normal participants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of pharmacologically induced mydriasis and miosis on kinetic perimetry findings in normal participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight eyes of 38 healthy young participants underwent kinetic perimetry (Octopus 900 perimeter) with III4e, I4e, I3e, I2e, and I1e stimuli. For each participant, 24 predetermined meridians with 15° intervals were automatically tested with a velocity of 3°/s under normal, mydriatic, and miotic conditions. Mydriasis and miosis were induced by one drop of 0.4 % tropicamide and 2 % pilocarpine hydrochloride, respectively. The isopter area and kinetic sensitivity were compared between the three pupil conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average pupil size in the normal condition was 5.6 ± 0.9 mm, and it significantly increased to 8.5 ± 0.7 mm after mydriasis (p < 0.01) and decreased to 3.4 ± 0.8 mm after miosis (p < 0.01). Compared to the normal pupil, the isopter area of the dilated pupil was not significantly different under the III4e stimulus; however, it significantly decreased under the I4e, I3e, I2e, and I1e stimuli (p < 0.01). Compared to the normal pupil, the isopter area of the constricted pupil significantly decreased (p < 0.01) with the III4e stimulus and significantly increased with the I3e and I2e stimuli (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For both pupil conditions, kinetic sensitivity at each meridian showed a similar trend to the isopter area under each stimulus. The isopter area of the dilated pupil generally decreased, whereas the isopter area of the constricted pupil showed various findings. Therefore, careful attention should be paid to changes in the isopter area associated with changes in the pupil size.
authors.affiliation: Orthoptics and Visual Science, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan, hirasawa@kitasato-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kobashi
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamanashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008916:Miotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects*; D014331:Tropicamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D008916:Miotics; D009184:Mydriatics; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010862:Pilocarpine; D014331:Tropicamide