title: Two cases of sporotrichosis of the right upper extremity in right-handed patients with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sporothrix species have proved to show high degrees of endemicity. Sporothrix globosa is the only pathogenic Sporothrix species that has till date been reported from China, where it is endemic in the northeastern provinces.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report two cases of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis with diabetes mellitus as underlying disease in patients from the non-endemic area of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 59-year-old farmer and a 60-year-old gardener were admitted in February and June 2014, respectively. Both patients were right-handed men and presented with progressive plaques and nodules, which they had for several years, involving the right upper extremity. Skin biopsy from the granuloma was taken and cultured on Sabouraud medium, and molecular identification based on the calmodulin region was performed. Antifungal susceptibility testing was also performed with the microdilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biopsy of the lesions showed the presence of infectious granuloma. The fungal cultures were identified as Sporothrix globosa by conventional methods, and confirmed by molecular identification. A subsequent course of oral antifungal therapy with low dosage of itraconazole was well tolerated and resolved the infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identification of fungal species and antifungal susceptibility testing are mandatory for epidemiological and therapeutic reasons. Early diagnosis of sporotrichosis is essential to prevent those sequelae when the disease progresses and provides highly effective methods for treating this emerging disease. Avoiding the exposure to plant material potentially contaminated with fungal spores should be recommended, especially in immunocompromised patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ferry
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yufu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yahong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Qingwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gert Sybren
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: de Hoog
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ruoyu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: 13920301679@126.com.
authors.forename: Junling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013174:Sporotrichosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: China; Diabetes mellitus; Esporotricosis; Identificación molecular; Molecular identification; Sporothrix globosa; Sporotrichosis