title: Detection of Brain Tumors and Systemic Metastases Using NanoLuc and Fluc for Dual Reporter Imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a technique with a low background noise and high sensitivity which is widely used in mice models in oncology. We aimed to assess BLI efficiency of the new luciferase NanoLuc (Nluc) for glioblastoma cell lines and tumors, including for dual reporter applications of deep brain tumors and systemic metastasis when combined with firefly luciferase (Fluc).
  
  
  METHODS
  U87 cells were genetically modified for constitutive production of either Nluc, Fluc, or both and assayed for luciferase activity and BLI on cell lysates, living cells, subcutaneous tumors, brain tumors, and systemic metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, light production by Nluc activity is higher than Fluc. In vivo, Nluc allows for tumor detection including for deep brain tumors and systemic metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nluc appears to be a useful tool to combine with Fluc for dual imaging in vivo using bioluminescence, allowing for the detection of distinct events in deep tissues within the same organism.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Bio-Imagerie (IBIO), CNRS/UMS 3428, University Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France.
authors.forename: Coralie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Germain-Genevois
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (RMSB), CNRS/UMR 5536, University Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Garandeau
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (RMSB), CNRS/UMR 5536, University Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France. franck.couillaud@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Couillaud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly / Q000378:metabolism*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D049409:Luciferases, Firefly
keywords: Bioluminescence imaging; Firefly luciferase; Glioma; Metastases; NanoLuc