title: Dietary restriction, mitochondrial function and aging: from yeast to humans.
abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) attenuates many detrimental effects of aging and consequently promotes health and increases longevity across organisms. While over the last 15 years extensive research has been devoted towards understanding the biology of aging, the precise mechanistic aspects of DR are yet to be settled. Abundant experimental evidence indicates that the DR effect on stimulating health impinges several metabolic and stress-resistance pathways. Downstream effects of these pathways include a reduction in cellular damage induced by oxidative stress, enhanced efficiency of mitochondrial functions and maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics and quality control, thereby attenuating age-related declines in mitochondrial function. However, the literature also accumulates conflicting evidence regarding how DR ameliorates mitochondrial performance and whether that is enough to slow age-dependent cellular and organismal deterioration. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge about how and to which extent the influence of different DR regimes on mitochondrial biogenesis and function contribute to postpone the detrimental effects of aging on health-span and lifespan. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Graduate Program.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruetenik
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Graduate Program; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Electronic address: abarrientos@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barrientos
mesh_terms: D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000502:physiology; D000375:Aging; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000502:physiology; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000502:physiology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; D037761:Sirtuins
keywords: Aging; Dietary restriction; Longevity; Mitochondria; OXPHOS; TORC1