title: Hard tissue regeneration using bone substitutes: an update on innovations in materials.
abstract: Bone is a unique organ composed of mineralized hard tissue, unlike any other body part. The unique manner in which bone can constantly undergo self-remodeling has created interesting clinical approaches to the healing of damaged bone. Healing of large bone defects is achieved using implant materials that gradually integrate with the body after healing is completed. Such strategies require a multidisciplinary approach by material scientists, biological scientists, and clinicians. Development of materials for bone healing and exploration of the interactions thereof with the body are active research areas. In this review, we explore ongoing developments in the creation of materials for regenerating hard tissues.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Swapan Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. ; Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Byong Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002516:Ceramics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels; D011108:Polymers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000639:trends*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000639:trends*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D020100:Hydrogels; D011108:Polymers
keywords: Bioceramics; Biopolymers; Bone substitutes; Bone tissue engineering; Hydrogel