title: Student nurses' recognition of early signs of abnormal vital sign recordings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing urgency for nurses to recognize early signs of deterioration in patients and to take appropriate action to prevent serious adverse effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess respondents' ability to identify abnormal recordings for respiratory and heart rate, oxygen saturation level, systolic blood pressure, level of consciousness, urinary output and normal temperature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive observational survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nursing college in Cape Town, South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 77/212 (36.3%) fourth year students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-administered adapted questionnaire was employed to collect demographic data and respondents' selections of recorded physiological values for the purpose of deciding when to call for more skilled help.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age for 62/77 (80.5%) of the respondents was 25years; 3/76 (3.9%) had a previous certificate in nursing. Most respondents were female (66/76, 85.7%). Afrikaans was the first language preference of 33 (42.9%) respondents, followed by isiXhosa (31/77, 40.3%) and English (10/77, 13.0%). Most respondents (48/77, 62.3%) recognized a normal temperature reading (35-38.4°C). However, overall there would have been delays in calling for more skilled assistance in 288/416 (69.2%) instances of critical illness for a high-score MEWS of 3 and in 226/639 (35.4%) instances at a medium-score MEWS of 2 for physiological parameters. In 96/562 (17.1%) instances, respondents would have called for assistance for a low-score MEWS of 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-recognition of deterioration in patients' clinical status and delayed intervention by nurses has implications for the development of serious adverse events. The MEWS is recommended as a track-and-trigger system for nursing curricula in South Africa and for implementation in practice.
authors.affiliation: Western Cape College of Nursing, South Africa. Electronic address: Martha.Leonard@westerncape.gov.za.
authors.forename: Martha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa. Electronic address: Una.Kyriacos@uct.ac.za.
authors.forename: Una
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kyriacos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016638:Critical Illness; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000009:adverse effects; D013019:South Africa; D013338:Students, Nursing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055986:Vital Signs / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Clinical decision-making; Early warning scoring (EWS) system; Patient safety; Vital sign monitoring