title: Self-control, self-regulation, and doping in sport: a test of the strength-energy model.
abstract: We applied the strength-energy model of self-control to understand the relationship between self-control and young athletes' behavioral responses to taking illegal performance-enhancing substances, or "doping." Measures of trait self-control, attitude and intention toward doping, intention toward, and adherence to, doping-avoidant behaviors, and the prevention of unintended doping behaviors were administered to 410 young Australian athletes. Participants also completed a "lollipop" decision-making protocol that simulated avoidance of unintended doping. Hierarchical linear multiple regression analyses revealed that self-control was negatively associated with doping attitude and intention, and positively associated with the intention and adherence to doping-avoidant behaviors, and refusal to take or eat the unfamiliar candy offered in the "lollipop" protocol. Consistent with the strength-energy model, athletes with low self-control were more likely to have heightened attitude and intention toward doping, and reduced intention, behavioral adherence, and awareness of doping avoidance.
authors.affiliation: Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Derwin K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lentillon-Kaestner
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dimmock
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Keatley
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hardcastle
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hagger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D001290:Attitude; D001315:Australia; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068356:Self-Control / Q000523:psychology*; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances