title: Antimony-doped graphene nanoplatelets.
abstract: Heteroatom doping into the graphitic frameworks have been intensively studied for the development of metal-free electrocatalysts. However, the choice of heteroatoms is limited to non-metallic elements and heteroatom-doped graphitic materials do not satisfy commercial demands in terms of cost and stability. Here we realize doping semimetal antimony (Sb) at the edges of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) via a simple mechanochemical reaction between pristine graphite and solid Sb. The covalent bonding of the metalloid Sb with the graphitic carbon is visualized using atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The Sb-doped GnPs display zero loss of electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction even after 100,000 cycles. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the multiple oxidation states (Sb(3+) and Sb(5+)) of Sb are responsible for the unusual electrochemical stability. Sb-doped GnPs may provide new insights and practical methods for designing stable carbon-based electrocatalysts.
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: In-Yup
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Science/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seo-Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seonyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Guntae
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hu Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Science/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Noejung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Banyeon 100, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Beom
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Baek