title: Insights and limits of translational research in critical care medicine.
abstract: Experimental research has always been the cornerstone of pathophysiological and therapeutic advances in critical care medicine, where clinical observations and basic research mutually fed each other in a so-called translational approach. The objective of this review is to address the different aspects of translational research in the field of critical care medicine. We herein highlighted some demonstrative examples including the animal-to-human approach to study host-pathogen interactions, the human-to-animal approach for sepsis-induced immunosuppression, the still restrictive human approach to study critical illness-related neuromyopathy, and the technological developments to assess the microcirculatory changes in critically ill patients. These examples not only emphasize how translational research resulted in major improvements in the comprehension of the pathophysiology of severe clinical conditions and offered promising perspectives in critical care medicine but also point out the obstacles to translate such achievements into clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pène
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 27 Rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hafid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ait-Oufella
authors.affiliation: Département de Soins Intensifs, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Fabio Silvio
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Taccone
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France ; Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monneret
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 104 Boulevard Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France ; Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 55 Avenue de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharshar
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, CHU Rouen, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France ; Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Recherche et Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76000 Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tamion
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mira
keywords: Critical care medicine; Critical illness-related neuromyopathy; Microcirculation; Sepsis; Translational research