title: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Cardiac structural and microvascular abnormalities as evaluated with multi-parametric MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between myocardial structural and microvascular abnormality in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by multi-parametric cardiac MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four HCM and eighteen controls were retrospectively included. Left ventricle mass (LVM), LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volume (LVESV, LVEDV), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and 16-segment wall thickness at ES and ED (SESWT, SEDWT) were assessed with a 2D cine-MRI. Myocardial perfusion (reflected by K(trans)), interstitial volume (Ve) and mean transmit time (MTT) were evaluated with a model-dependent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Myocardial fibrosis was assessed with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  K(trans) was significantly decreased in LGE-present (0.74±0.15mL/g/min) against LGE-absent (0.55±0.14mL/g/min, p=0.030) and normal group (0.81±0.32mL/g/min, p<0.001), but was unchanged in LGE-absent against normal group (p>0.05). Ve and MTT were significantly increased in LGE-present (Ve: 26.7±15.7%; MTT: 28.6±21.3s) against LGE-absent (37.6±18.3%; 49.8±30.5s) and normal group (19.7±6.9%; 15.1±3.9s; all p<0.001), and were significantly increased in LGE-absent against normal group (p<0.001). LGE significantly correlated to K(trans), Ve, MTT, and SESWT (ρ=0.232, -0.247, -0.443, and -0.207, respectively). K(trans) negatively correlated to SEDWT and SESWT (ρ=-0.224 and -0.231). Ve and MTT positively correlated to SEDWT (Ve: ρ=0.223; MTT: ρ=0.239) and SESWT (Ve: ρ=0.248; MTT: ρ=0.254).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent relationship was determined between myocardial structural abnormality and microvascular dysfunction in HCM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, China. Electronic address: njmu_zyd@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, China. Electronic address: newgljyk@163.com.
authors.forename: Meijiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, China. Electronic address: qiliang1120@126.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, China. Electronic address: njmu_wcj@163.com.
authors.forename: Chen-Jiang
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, China. Electronic address: cjr.wangxiaoying@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: Cardiac MRI; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Microvascular dysfunction; Myocardial perfusion; Structural abnormality