title: Are there secondary effects on marijuana use from brief alcohol interventions for college students?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined whether brief motivational interventions (BMIs) designed for reducing heavy drinking among college students have secondary effects on reducing marijuana use.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data came from Project INTEGRATE, which combined data from 24 independent trials of BMIs and other individual-focused interventions designed to reduce heavy drinking and related problems among college students. We analyzed data from 10 samples across nine studies that used random assignment of participants into either a BMI or a control group and assessed marijuana use outcomes (N = 6,768; 41.5% men; 73.2% White; 57.7% first-year students; 19.2% current marijuana users at baseline). We derived three marijuana use groups within studies by cross-tabulating baseline and follow-up data: Nonusers, Reducers, and Stayers/Increasers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peto's one-step odds ratio analyses for meta-analysis revealed no significant intervention effects on marijuana use at either short-term (1-3 month) or long-term (6-12 month) follow-up. Subsequent exploratory analyses showed that those who reduced drinking were more likely to be a marijuana Reducer or Nonuser, compared with a Stayer/Increaser, at both follow-ups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BMIs to reduce heavy drinking evaluated in this study did not reduce marijuana use. However, our exploratory results suggest that if we can develop interventions for college students that effectively reduce drinking, we may also reduce their marijuana use. Furthermore, as recreational use of marijuana becomes legal or decriminalized and marijuana becomes more readily available, it may be necessary to develop interventions specifically targeting marijuana use among college students.
authors.affiliation: Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Helene R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Larimer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fromme
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Corbin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.|Veterans' Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: LaBrie
authors.affiliation: Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Mun
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002188:Cannabis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009042:Motivation; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013334:Students