title: Protective effects of butyrate on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Butyrate is normally fermented from undigested fiber by intestinal microflora. The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of butyrate and its underlying mechanisms on intestinal injury in a rat model of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to warm ischemia for 45 min by clamping the superior mesenteric artery after treatment with butyrate, followed by 6 and 72 h of reperfusion. Pathologic histology analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and Western blot were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Butyrate preconditioning markedly improved intestinal injury. The inflammatory factor levels and leukocyte infiltration were attenuated by butyrate. Butyrate also maintained the intestinal barrier structures, increased the expression of tight junction proteins, and decreased endotoxin translocation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that butyrate administration attenuates intestinal I/R injury, which is associated with preservation of intestinal tight junction barrier function and suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestinal mucosa. This suggests butyrate as a potential strategy to prevent intestinal I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.
authors.forename: Qingyang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.
authors.forename: Yaqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China. Electronic address: zhangyang5366@163.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002087:Butyrates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D052096:Warm Ischemia
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002087:Butyrates; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents
keywords: Butyrate; Reperfusion injury; Tight junction proteins