title: Responding to illicit drug use in family practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine and analyse recent published research on the impact and management of drug use and related disorders in primary care settings. Emerging trends in drug use and the development of new treatment approaches are making new demands on the primary care sector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most recent publications relate to descriptions of the drugs used and their impact on mental health. The use of cannabis and newer stimulants and 'legal highs' tends to coexist with opiate use, and their physical and mental health sequelae often overlap. Several studies address methadone and buprenorphine prescribing, its efficacy and limitations, and organizational issues in delivery of treatment. Other areas identified in this review are pain control, adverse consequences of drug use including morbidity from infections associated with drug taking and death due to overdose, and longer-term outcomes. Several publications cover management of chronic conditions in an ageing population of drug users with multiple health problems, and others examine the trend toward community instead of specialist care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A picture is presented of extensive use of psychoactive substances in many communities. This ranges from club drug taking and low level cannabis use to more invasive and self-harming drug taking resulting from the use of opiates and stimulants. Treatment services are challenged with the need to change.
authors.affiliation: aCommunity Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland bDepartment of Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019468:Disease Management; D005194:Family Practice / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011320:Primary Health Care; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D002047:Buprenorphine; D008691:Methadone