title: Toxic potential of copper-doped ZnO nanoparticles in Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, copper-doped ZnO nanoparticles (doped ZnO NPs Cu) were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their possible toxic effects in Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R).
  
  
  RESULTS
  X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry confirm the formation of doped ZnO NPs Cu. Doped ZnO NPs Cu (3%) were mixed in the diet at final concentrations of 1, 2, 4 and 8 µg/µl. The starved male flies were allowed to feed on it for 4 days. After completion of the desired duration, climbing ability, activity pattern, activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total protein content and caspases were studied. SDS-PAGE was also performed for whole fly homogenate of control as well as treated flies. No loss in the climbing and activity pattern was observed at the selected doses of doped ZnO NPs Cu. No significant change in the levels of AChE, GSH, GST, LPO, caspase 9/3 and total protein content was observed. The brain sections showed no gross changes in the structure and SDS-PAGE patterns also revealed no change in the protein expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that doped ZnO NPs Cu are non-toxic at 1, 2, 4 and 8 µg/µl of concentration in D. melanogaster.
authors.affiliation: a Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Yasir Hasan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.affiliation: b Department of Electrical Engineering, Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Moazzam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haidari
authors.affiliation: c Centre of Excellence in Materials Sciences (Nano materials), Department of Applied Physics , Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India , and.
authors.forename: Wasi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: a Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Ambreen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.affiliation: a Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jyoti
authors.affiliation: a Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanam
authors.affiliation: a Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Falaq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naz
authors.affiliation: a Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India .
authors.lastname: Rahul
authors.affiliation: a Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: b Department of Electrical Engineering, Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Braj Raj
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: d Biology Department, Faculty of Science , Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Tanveer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beg
authors.affiliation: b Department of Electrical Engineering, Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India .
authors.lastname: Mohibullah
authors.affiliation: c Centre of Excellence in Materials Sciences (Nano materials), Department of Applied Physics , Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India , and.
authors.forename: Alim Hussain
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Naqvi
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D003300:Copper; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D020169:Caspases; D005978:Glutathione; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Drosophila; nanoparticles; toxicity