title: Moderate physical training attenuates perinatal low-protein-induced spleen lymphocyte apoptosis in endotoxemic adult offspring rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of a moderate physical training (T) on the blood and splenic lymphocytes subsets and the rate of apoptosis in adult offspring submitted to perinatal low-protein (LP) diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were divided according to their mother's diet: control (C, 17 % casein) and undernourished (LP, 8 % casein). At the 60th day, pups were submitted to moderate physical training (8 weeks, 5 days week(-1), 60 min day(-1), at 70 % of VO2max). After T period, pups received an injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). B, NK, and TCD3+ lymphocytes subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Spleen lymphocytes apoptosis was evaluated by DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization (PSE), and mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization (MTD) using a flow cytometer. Plasma TNF-α concentrations were analyzed by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LP + LPS pups showed a higher percentage of blood B, CD4+, and NK and a reduction in TCD3+, CD8+ than C pups. The percentage of NK and CD3+ was restored in LP + T + LPS pups. In the spleen, T normalized the percentage of NK in LP + LPS pups. LP + LPS pups showed a higher percentage of cells with PSE and MTD than C + LPS pups that was attenuated by T. The concentration of TNF-α was higher in LP + LPS than C + LPS, but it was attenuated in LP + T + LPS pups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate physical training was able to revert the effects of perinatal LP diet on circulation lymphocytes subsets and attenuated splenic lymphocytes apoptosis and plasma TNF-α concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.|Department of Nursing, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sueli Moreno
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Senna
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília Kalinne
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daíllo Augusto Pereira
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Claudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alheiros-Lira
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diógenis Barbosa
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.affiliation: Departament of Immunology, Institute of Research Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ/PE, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria Rêgo Alves
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Carlos Amanajás
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: de Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, CEP 55608-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Candido
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. carolleandro22@gmail.com.|Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, CEP 55608-680, Brazil. carolleandro22@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carol Góis
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Leandro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018743:Perinatal Care; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Cell death, LPS; Developmental plasticity; Physical exercise; Protein malnutrition; Rats; Splenic lymphocytes