title: Simultaneous detection of imidacloprid and parathion by the dual-labeled time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.
abstract: A highly sensitive direct dual-labeled time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) to detect parathion and imidacloprid simultaneously in food and environmental matrices was developed. Europium (Eu(3+)) and samarium (Sm(3+)) were used as fluorescent labels by coupling separately with L1-Ab and A1P1-Ab. Under optimal assay conditions, the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) and limit of detection (LOD, IC10) were 10.87 and 0.025 μg/L for parathion and 7.08 and 0.028 μg/L for imidacloprid, respectively. The cross-reactivities (CR) were negligible except for methyl-parathion (42.4 %) and imidaclothiz (103.4 %). The average recoveries of imidacloprid ranged from 78.9 to 104.2 % in water, soil, rice, tomato, and Chinese cabbage with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.4 to 11.6 %, and those of parathion were from 81.5 to 110.9 % with the RSD of 3.2 to 10.5 %. The results of TRFIA for the authentic samples were validated by comparison with gas chromatography (GC) analyses, and satisfactory correlations (parathion: R (2) = 0.9918; imidacloprid: R (2) = 0.9908) were obtained. The results indicate that the dual-labeled TRFIA is convenient and reliable to detect parathion and imidacloprid simultaneously in food and environmental matrices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Enze
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liangliang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiude
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. wangmha@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry; D005063:Europium / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay; D064088:Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D010278:Parathion / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012493:Samarium / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007093:Imidazoles; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013844:Thiazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C082359:imidacloprid; D012493:Samarium; D005063:Europium; D010278:Parathion; C550087:imidaclothiz
keywords: Europium; Imidacloprid; Parathion; Samarium; Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay