title: Cancer adjuvant chemotherapy strategic classification by artificial neural network with gene expression data: An example for non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) is used after surgery to prevent recurrence or metastases. However, ACT for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. This study aimed to develop prediction models to distinguish who is suitable for ACT (ACT-benefit) and who should avoid ACT (ACT-futile) in NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified the ACT correlated gene signatures and performed several types of ANN algorithms to construct the optimal ANN architecture for ACT benefit classification. Reliability was assessed by cross-data set validation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We obtained 2 probes (2 genes) with T-stage clinical data combination can get good prediction result. These genes included 208893_s_at (DUSP6) and 204891_s_at (LCK). The 10-fold cross validation classification accuracy was 65.71%. The best result of ANN models is MLP14-8-2 with logistic activation function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using gene signature profiles to predict ACT benefit in NSCLC is feasible. The key to this analysis was identifying the pertinent genes and classification. This study maybe helps reduce the ineffective medical practices to avoid the waste of medical resources.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yo-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City, Taiwan. Electronic address: hwchiu@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hung-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods*; D019295:Computational Biology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D000069550:Machine Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Adjuvant chemotherapy; Gene expression; Lung cancer; Machine learning; Microarray; Neural network; Outcome prediction; Survival analysis