title: Comorbidity associated with obesity in a large population: The APNA study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overweight and obesity are major causes of comorbidities which can lead to further morbidity and mortality. The main objective of the present study was to estimate the comorbidity associated with obesity in 40,010 patients attending Primary Health Care Centres in Navarra.
  
  
  METHODS
  It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The association of overweight and obesity in different diseases was studied. Odds ratios (OR) adjusted for age and sex were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, using as reference patients with body mass index (BMI) lower than 25 kg/m(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing BMI is associated with glucose intolerance (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06-1.08), dyslipidemia (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03-1.04), hypertension (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.12-1.13), type 2 diabetes (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.10-1.11), kidney failure (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03-1.05), and osteoarthritis (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.05-1.06). Moreover, all the degrees of obesity are associated with asthma (OR type I obesity: 1.33; OR type II obesity: 1.69; OR type III obesity: 1.75), heart failure (OR type I obesity: 1.68; OR type II obesity: 2.78; OR type III obesity: 4.35), and severe mental disorders (OR type I obesity: 2.02; OR type II obesity: 2.33; OR type III obesity: 2.50). Type II and morbid obesity are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed a positive association of the overweight and obesity with glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and kidney failure. An interesting point is the association of higher levels of BMI with depression.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Health Science, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Servicio Navarro de Salud, Spain. Electronic address: elenamartinr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Departament of Health Science, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Departament of Preventive Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillen-Grima
authors.affiliation: IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Spain; Departament of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martí
authors.affiliation: Departament of Health Science, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Servicio Navarro de Salud, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brugos-Larumbe
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain
keywords: BMI; Comorbidity; Obesity; Risk factors