title: Cleaning-induced arsenic mobilization and chromium oxidation from CCA-wood deck: Potential risk to children.
abstract: Concern about children's exposure to arsenic (As) from wood treated with chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA) led to its withdrawal from residential use in 2004. However, due to its effectiveness, millions of American homes still have CCA-wood decks on which children play. This study evaluated the effects of three deck-cleaning methods on formation of dislodgeable As and hexavalent chromium (CrVI) on CCA-wood surfaces and in leachate. Initial wipes from CCA-wood wetted with water showed 3-4 times more dislodgeable As than on dry wood. After cleaning with a bleach solution, 9.8-40.3μg/100cm(2) of CrVI was found on the wood surface, with up to 170μg/L CrVI in the leachate. Depending on the cleaning method, 699-2473mg of As would be released into the environment from cleaning a 18.6-m(2)-deck. Estimated As doses in children aged 1-6 after 1h of playing on a wet CCA-wood deck were 0.25-0.41μg/kg. This is the first study to identify increased dislodgeable As on wet CCA-wood and to evaluate dislodgeable CrVI after bleach application. Our data suggest that As and CrVI in 25-year old CCA-wood still show exposure risks for children and potential for soil contamination.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 201146, China; Soil Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gress
authors.affiliation: Soil Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Soil Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Soil Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lessl
authors.affiliation: Soil Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 201146, China; Soil Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States. Electronic address: lqma@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: L Q
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D001149:Arsenates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002857:Chromium; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D010988:Play and Playthings; D012306:Risk; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; C040890:chromated copper arsenate; D001151:Arsenic; C023600:chromic oxide
keywords: Chromated copper arsenate; Dislodgeable arsenic; Exposure; Hexavalent chromium; Soil