title: Revictimization of violence suffered by those diagnosed with alcohol dependence in the general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the association between violence and alcohol dependence syndrome in sample populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-wide survey with multistage probabilistic sample. 3,744 individuals of both genders, aged from 15 to 75 years, were interviewed from the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both cities, alcohol dependence was associated with the male gender, having suffered violence related to criminality, and having suffered familial violence. In both cities, urban violence, in more than 50% of cases, and familial violence, in more than 90% of cases, preceded alcohol dependence. The reoccurrence of traumatic events occurred in more than half of individuals dependent on alcohol. In São Paulo, having been diagnosed with PTSD is associated with violence revictimization (P = 0.014; Odds = 3.33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol dependence syndrome is complexly related to urban and familial violence in the general population. Violence frequently precedes alcoholism, but this relationship is dependent on residence and traumatic events. This vicious cycle contributes to perpetuating the high rates of alcoholism and violence in the cities. Politicians ordering the reduction of violence in the large metropolises can, potentially, reduce alcoholism and contribute to the break of this cycle.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04038-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: F G
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4884-2229
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04038-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04038-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: W
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6735-3861
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04038-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04038-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04038-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5403-0112
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04038-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Universidade Católica de Santos (UNISANTOS), 11015-002 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Andreoli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult