title: Evidence-based supervision: Tracking outcome and teaching principles of change in clinical supervision to bring science to integrative practice.
abstract: Supervision is the primary way in which psychotherapy trainees develop the skills of applying interventions, conceptualizing cases, and practicing self-reflection. Although critical to professional development, the nature and objectives of supervision can vary widely among supervisors, depending on idiosyncratic differences and the orientation used. As clinical psychology moves toward integrating science and practice, the need to teach students evidence-based principles of therapeutic change and how to use outcome measures to enhance progress is paramount. Furthermore, with hundreds of "evidence-based" interventions and widely diverse supervisors, the fact that cross-cutting interventions and common factors carry the burden of most therapeutic change is frequently lost. In this article, we outline an experimental training system that is being tested as a means to teach student-therapists to use empirically established moderators (treatment factors) and mediators of change to tailor their interventions to client differences. This experimental approach is derived from Systematic Treatment Selection (Beutler, Clarkin, & Bongar, 2000), a cross-cutting system that can be used to aid individualized treatment planning as well as to track and use client outcomes in clinical supervision within a graduate-level training clinic.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University.
authors.forename: Larry E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Beutler
authors.affiliation: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimpara
authors.affiliation: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.affiliation: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University.
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.affiliation: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiloff
authors.affiliation: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goldblum
authors.affiliation: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University.
authors.forename: Rainey Sealey
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Temkin
authors.affiliation: Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University.
authors.forename: Mickey
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008611:Mentors; D011586:Psychology, Clinical / Q000193:education*