title: Palmitoleic acid induces the cardiac mitochondrial membrane permeability transition despite the presence of L-carnitine.
abstract: Although palmitoleic acid (C16:1) is associated with arrhythmias, and increases in an age-dependent matter, the effects of L-carnitine, which is essential for the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, are unclear. It has been postulated that L-carnitine may attenuate palmitate (C16:0)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the activity of L-carnitine in the prevention of the palmitoleic acid-induced mitochondrial membrane permeability transition and cytochrome c release using isolated cardiac mitochondria from rats. Palmitoleoyl-CoA-induced mitochondrial respiration was not accelerated by L-carnitine treatment, and this respiration was slightly inhibited by oligomycin, which is an inhibitor of ATP synthase. Despite pretreatment with L-carnitine, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased and mitochondrial swelling was induced by palmitoleoyl-CoA. In the presence of a combination of L-carnitine and tiron, a free radical scavenger, there was attenuated mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release following palmitoleoyl-CoA treatment. We concluded that palmitoleic acid, but not palmitate, induces the cardiac mitochondrial membrane permeability transition despite the presence of L-carnitine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oyanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health & Sports Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Health & Sports Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyachi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniatsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagami
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytology & Histology, Okayama University Graduate School, Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health & Sports Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan. Electronic address: yanohiro@mw.kawasaki-m.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D014013:1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D008933:Mitochondrial Swelling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010171:Palmitoyl Coenzyme A / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D010171:Palmitoyl Coenzyme A; C008757:palmitoleic acid; D014013:1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt; D045304:Cytochromes c; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: Cytochrome c; Membrane potential; Palmitoleoyl-CoA; Palmitoyl-CoA; Swelling; Tiron