title: Maternal obesity and development of the preterm newborn at 2 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate to what extent extremely preterm children (<28 weeks' gestational age) of overweight (BMI 25-29) or obese (BMI ≥30) women are at increased risk of adverse development at 2 years measured with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II in a multicenter prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heights and prepregnancy weights of the mothers of 852 preterm born children were collected and included in multinomial logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to newborns born to mothers with normal BMIs, newborns of obese mothers, but not those of overweight mothers, were more likely to have Bayley Scales indices more than 3 standard deviations below the reference mean (mental: OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.5) (motor: OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.7). These associations were even more prominent in children who did not have the intermittent or sustained systemic inflammation profile previously shown to be associated with severely impaired development (mental: OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.6, 14) (motor: OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.5, 8.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of impaired offspring development. Some of this impaired development cannot be attributed to confounding due to immaturity, socio-economic correlates or neonatal systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jelske W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Burg
authors.affiliation: Neuroepidemiology Unit, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Allred
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuban
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: T Michael
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.|Neuroepidemiology Unit, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.|Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dammann
authors.affiliation: Neuroepidemiology Unit, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leviton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Bayley; Maternal obesity; Prematurity