title: Almond Skin Inhibits HSV-2 Replication in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Modulating the Cytokine Network.
abstract: We have investigated the effect of almond skin extracts on the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs were either infected or not by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), with and without prior treatment with almond skin extracts. Production of IL-17 induced by HSV-2 was inhibited by natural skins (NS) treatment. NS triggered PBMC in releasing IFN-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 in cellular supernatants. These results may explain the antiviral potential of almond skins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Policlinico Universitario, Via C. Valeria, Messina 98125, Italy. aarena@unime.it.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, Messina 98100, Italy. cbisignano@unime.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bisignano
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Policlinico Universitario, Via C. Valeria, Messina 98125, Italy. gstassi@unime.it.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Products for Health, Vill. SS. Annunziata, Messina 98100, Italy. afilocamo@unime.it.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filocamo
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Products for Health, Vill. SS. Annunziata, Messina 98100, Italy. afilocamo@unime.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mandalari
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068181:Prunus dulcis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D020381:Interleukin-17; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: HSV-2; IL-17; almond skins; cytokines