title: Fluorescence in robotic surgery.
abstract: Currently, there are several clinical applications for intraoperative ICG, such as identification of vascular and biliary anatomy, assessment of organ and tissue perfusion, lymph node mapping, and real-time identification of lesions. In this paper we present a review of the available literature related to the use of ICG fluorescence in robotic surgery in order to provide a better understanding of the current applications, show the rapid growth of this technique, and demonstrate the potential future applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Despoina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daskalaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Pier Cristoforo
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Giulianotti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: fluorescence; indocyanine green; robotic surgery