title: Voice Tremor in Patients with Essential Tremor: Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of Caudal Zona Incerta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the caudal zona incerta (cZi) on voice tremor in patients with essential tremor (ET).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective nonrandomized design with consecutive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients operated with cZi DBS were evaluated under two conditions: without stimulation (Stim OFF) and with stimulation (Stim ON). Voice tremor was assessed on the basis of recordings of sustained vowel productions using a four-point rating scale in a blinded and randomized procedure. Averaged values of multiple assessments for each stimulus were used in statistical testing. The group of patients with voice tremor in Stim OFF was analyzed separately from the group of patients without voice tremor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Voice tremor was significantly reduced on stimulation compared with off for the subgroup with initial voice tremor. Voice tremor prevalence was found to be 50% (13 patients). Individual differences in voice tremor outcome were noticeable. Six of the patients with voice tremor at baseline improved substantially by cZi DBS treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the group level, voice tremor in patients with ET was found to reduce when stimulating the cZi. Bilateral stimulation was indicated to be more effective in reducing voice tremor than unilateral stimulation. However, individual voice tremor outcomes suggest that not all patients benefit from cZi DBS. Severity of voice tremor at baseline may not be a good predictor of voice tremor outcome after cZi DBS. Patients should be informed before surgery regarding individual differences in response to DBS treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hägglund
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Patric
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blomstedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: fredrik.k.karlsson@umu.se.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000294:innervation*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014833:Voice Quality; D065820:Zona Incerta
keywords: DBS; Essential tremor; Perceptual evaluation; Voice tremor; cZi