title: Comparative effectiveness research in cancer with observational data.
abstract: Observational studies are increasingly being used for comparative effectiveness research. These studies can have the greatest impact when randomized trials are not feasible or when randomized studies have not included the population or outcomes of interest. However, careful attention must be paid to study design to minimize the likelihood of selection biases. Analytic techniques, such as multivariable regression modeling, propensity score analysis, and instrumental variable analysis, also can also be used to help address confounding. Oncology has many existing large and clinically rich observational databases that can be used for comparative effectiveness research. With careful study design, observational studies can produce valid results to assess the benefits and harms of a treatment or intervention in representative real-world populations.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Sharon H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Giordano
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research / Q000379:methods*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D019992:Databases as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012107:Research Design; D018426:SEER Program