title: Intrinsically disordered energy landscapes.
abstract: Analysis of an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) reveals an underlying multifunnel structure for the energy landscape. We suggest that such 'intrinsically disordered' landscapes, with a number of very different competing low-energy structures, are likely to characterise IDPs, and provide a useful way to address their properties. In particular, IDPs are present in many cellular protein interaction networks, and several questions arise regarding how they bind to partners. Are conformations resembling the bound structure selected for binding, or does further folding occur on binding the partner in a induced-fit fashion? We focus on the p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) protein, which adopts an α-helical conformation when bound to its partner, and is involved in the activation of apoptosis. Recent experimental evidence shows that folding is not necessary for binding, and supports an induced-fit mechanism. Using a variety of computational approaches we deduce the molecular mechanism behind the instability of the PUMA peptide as a helix in isolation. We find significant barriers between partially folded states and the helix. Our results show that the favoured conformations are molten-globule like, stabilised by charged and hydrophobic contacts, with structures resembling the bound state relatively unpopulated in equilibrium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW.
authors.forename: Yassmine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chebaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW.
authors.forename: Debayan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wales
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D051379:Mice; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013816:Thermodynamics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C488588:PUMA protein, mouse; D012997:Solvents; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins