title: Prospects for Therapeutic Targeting of MicroRNAs in Human Immunological Diseases.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous oligoribonucleotides with exciting therapeutic potential. Early studies established a clear role for miRNAs in leukocyte biology. The first miRNA-based therapy, miravirsen, is now in phase 2 clinical trials, making the reality of these therapies undeniable. The capacity for miRNAs to fine-tune inflammatory signaling make them attractive treatment targets for immunological diseases. Nonetheless, the degree of redundancy among miRNAs, coupled with the promiscuity of miRNA binding sites in the transcriptome, require consideration when designing miRNA-directed interventions. Altered miRNA expression occurs across a range of inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, and diabetes. However, very few studies successfully treated murine models of immunological diseases with miRNA-based approaches. While discussing recent studies targeting miRNAs to treat immunological conditions, we also reflect on the risks of miRNA targeting and showcase some newer delivery systems that may improve the pharmacological profile of this class of therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and.
authors.forename: Marisa E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Luck
authors.affiliation: Integrative Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Stefan.Muljo@nih.gov Colm.Collins@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Stefan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Muljo
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and Stefan.Muljo@nih.gov Colm.Collins@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Colm B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D009841:Oligonucleotides; C581159:miravirsen