title: Virtual Viewing Time: The Relationship between Presence and Sexual Interest in Androphilic and Gynephilic Men.
abstract: Virtual Reality (VR) has successfully been used in the research of human behavior for more than twenty years. The main advantage of VR is its capability to induce a high sense of presence. This results in emotions and behavior which are very close to those shown in real situations. In the context of sex research, only a few studies have used high-immersive VR so far. The ones that did can be found mostly in the field of forensic psychology. Nevertheless, the relationship between presence and sexual interest still remains unclear. The present study is the first to examine the advantages of high-immersive VR in comparison to a conventional standard desktop system regarding their capability to measure sexual interest. 25 gynephilic and 20 androphilic healthy men underwent three experimental conditions, which differed in their ability to induce a sense of presence. In each condition, participants were asked to rate ten male and ten female virtual human characters regarding their sexual attractiveness. Without their knowledge, the subjects' viewing time was assessed throughout the rating. Subjects were then asked to rate the sense of presence they had experienced as well as their perceived realism of the characters. Results suggested that stereoscopic viewing can significantly enhance the subjective sexual attractiveness of sexually relevant characters. Furthermore, in all three conditions participants looked significantly longer at sexually relevant virtual characters than at sexually non-relevant ones. The high immersion condition provided the best discriminant validity. From a statistical point of view, however, the sense of presence had no significant influence on the discriminant validity of the viewing time task. The study showed that high-immersive virtual environments enhance realism ratings as well as ratings of sexual attractiveness of three-dimensional human stimuli in comparison to standard desktop systems. Results also show that viewing time seems to be influenced neither by sexual attractiveness nor by realism of stimuli. This indicates how important task specific mechanisms of the viewing time effect are.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Meyer-Institute for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fromberger
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Meyer-Institute for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Meyer-Institute for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Meyer-Institute for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Meyer-Institute for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology; D019529:Sexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D012938:Social Perception; D013997:Time Factors; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult