title: Feasibility of a Modified Cone-Beam CT Rotation Trajectory to Improve Liver Periphery Visualization during Transarterial Chemoembolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare liver coverage and tumor detectability by using preprocedural magnetic resonance (MR) images as a reference, as well as radiation exposure of cone-beam computed tomography (CT) with different rotational trajectories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients (nine men and six women; mean age ± standard deviation, 65 years ± 5) with primary or secondary liver cancer were retrospectively included in this institutional review board-approved study. A modified cone-beam CT protocol was used in which the C-arm rotates from +55° to -185° (open arc cone-beam CT) instead of -120° to +120° (closed arc cone-beam CT). Each patient underwent two sessions of transarterial chemoembolization between February 2013 and March 2014 with closed arc and open arc cone-beam CT (during the first and second transarterial chemoembolization sessions, respectively, as part of the institutional transarterial chemoembolization protocol). For each cone-beam CT examination, liver volume and tumor detectability were assessed by using MR images as the reference. Radiation exposure was compared by means of a phantom study. For statistical analysis, paired t tests and a Wilcoxon signed rank test were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean liver volume imaged was 1695 cm(3) ± 542 and 1857 cm(3) ± 571 at closed arc and open arc cone-beam CT, respectively. The coverage of open arc cone-beam CT was significantly higher compared with closed arc cone-beam CT (97% vs 86% of the MR imaging liver volume, P = .002). In eight patients (53%), tumors were partially or completely outside the closed arc cone-beam CT field of view. All tumors were within the open arc cone-beam CT field of view. The open arc cone-beam CT radiation exposure by means of weighted CT index was slightly lower compared with that of closed arc cone-beam CT (-5.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open arc cone-beam CT allowed for a significantly improved intraprocedural depiction of peripheral hepatic tumors while achieving a slight radiation exposure reduction.
authors.affiliation: From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287 (R.E.S., J.C., S.S., R.D., J.H.S., J.F.H.G.); Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands (P.W., A.R., I.M.v.d.B.); and Department of Ultrasound and Interventions, Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (M.L.).
authors.forename: Rüdiger E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schernthaner
authors.affiliation: From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287 (R.E.S., J.C., S.S., R.D., J.H.S., J.F.H.G.); Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands (P.W., A.R., I.M.v.d.B.); and Department of Ultrasound and Interventions, Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (M.L.).
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chapiro
authors.affiliation: From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287 (R.E.S., J.C., S.S., R.D., J.H.S., J.F.H.G.); Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands (P.W., A.R., I.M.v.d.B.); and Department of Ultrasound and Interventions, Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (M.L.).
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287 (R.E.S., J.C., S.S., R.D., J.H.S., J.F.H.G.); Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands (P.W., A.R., I.M.v.d.B.); and Department of Ultrasound and Interventions, Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (M.L.).
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Withagen
authors.affiliation: From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287 (R.E.S., J.C., S.S., R.D., J.H.S., J.F.H.G.); Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands (P.W., A.R., I.M.v.d.B.); and Department of Ultrasound and Interventions, Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (M.L.).
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287 (R.E.S., J.C., S.S., R.D., J.H.S., J.F.H.G.); Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands (P.W., A.R., I.M.v.d.B.); and Department of Ultrasound and Interventions, Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (M.L.).
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287 (R.E.S., J.C., S.S., R.D., J.H.S., J.F.H.G.); Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands (P.W., A.R., I.M.v.d.B.); and Department of Ultrasound and Interventions, Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (M.L.).
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.affiliation: From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287 (R.E.S., J.C., S.S., R.D., J.H.S., J.F.H.G.); Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands (P.W., A.R., I.M.v.d.B.); and Department of Ultrasound and Interventions, Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (M.L.).
authors.forename: Imramsjah Martin
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: van der Bom
authors.affiliation: From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287 (R.E.S., J.C., S.S., R.D., J.H.S., J.F.H.G.); Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands (P.W., A.R., I.M.v.d.B.); and Department of Ultrasound and Interventions, Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (M.L.).
authors.forename: Jean-François H
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Geschwind
authors.affiliation: From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287 (R.E.S., J.C., S.S., R.D., J.H.S., J.F.H.G.); Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands (P.W., A.R., I.M.v.d.B.); and Department of Ultrasound and Interventions, Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (M.L.).
authors.forename: MingDe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D000069079:Radiation Exposure; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012399:Rotation