title: Effects of ivabradine on cardiac electrophysiology in dogs with age-related atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ivabradine is an inhibitor of mixed Na+-K+ current that could combine with HCN channels to reduce the transmembrane velocity of funny current (If), heart rate, and cardiac efficiency, and thus be used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as chronic heart failure. As an ion channel blocker, Ivabradine is also a potential antiarrhythmic agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve aging dogs (8-10 years old) underwent rapid atrial pacing for 2 months to induce age-related AF in this study. The dogs were randomly divided into the Ivabradine group and aging-AF group. The effects of Ivabradine on the electrophysiological parameters, including the effective refractory period (ERP) of the pulmonary veins and atrium, duration of AF, and inducing rate of AF, were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared to the aging-AF group, the ERPs of the left superior pulmonary vein (139.00±4.18 ms vs. 129.00±4.08 ms, P=0.005) and left auricle (135.00±3.53 ms vs. 122.00±4.47 ms, P=0.001) were significantly increased, while the duration of AF (46.60±5.07 s vs. 205.40±1.14 s, P=0.001) and inducing rate of AF (25% vs. 60%, P=0.001) were significantly decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ivabradine could effectively reduce the inducing rate of AF, and thus be used as an upstream drug for the prevention of age-related AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yao-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yu-Tong
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xian-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yi-fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jin-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China, Urumqi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yueerguli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yusufuaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Bao-Peng
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000077550:Ivabradine; D008297:Male; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D012032:Refractory Period, Electrophysiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D001552:Benzazepines; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D000077550:Ivabradine