title: Chemical features of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride revealed by GC-MS metabolomics analysis.
abstract: This paper introduces a detailed method to apply metabolic profiles conducting on tangerine peels (Citrus reticulata 'Dahongpao') at three maturity stages from July to December. Principal component analysis not only demonstrated the metabolic footprints of tangerine peels during ripening but also revealed the compounds (D-limonene and linalool) that mostly contributed to it. Furthermore, some other characteristic compounds were screened to further reveal the chemical features of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR) and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (PCRV). In particular, compounds such as 4-carene (r = -0.94), 3-carene (r = -0.91), β-pinene (r = -0.85) and γ-terpinene (r = -0.87) were screened as major components for the pungent smell of PCRV. Geranyl acetate (r = 0.81), farnesyl acetate (r = 0.87) and three alcohols (6-hepten-1-ol, 3-methyl-1-hexanol, 1-octanol) may lead to the pleasant odour of PCR. We therefore propose that the metabolomics analysis focusing on ripening process will be an effective strategy for quality control of closely related herbal medicines.
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China. Electronic address: ylz7910@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lunzhao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
authors.forename: Naiping
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Shao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Dongguan Mathematical and Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, GuangZhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China.
authors.forename: Zhibiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. Electronic address: yzhangcsu@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D020003:1-Octanol / Q000032:analysis; D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis; D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000032:analysis; D005204:Farnesol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000441:Hexanols / Q000032:analysis; D000077222:Limonene; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D000441:Hexanols; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C037088:farnesylacetic acid; C432872:geranyl acetate; D005204:Farnesol; C010789:beta-pinene; C018669:gamma-terpinene; C036260:1-hexanol; D000077222:Limonene; C018584:linalool; C030218:3-carene; D020003:1-Octanol
keywords: 3-Carene (PubChem CID: 26049); 3-Methyl-1-hexanol (PubChem CID: 25793); 4-Carene (PubChem CID: 530422); 6-Hepten-1-ol (PubChem CID: 543123); Farnesyl acetate (PubChem CID: 94403); Flavour; Geranyl acetate (PubChem CID: 1549026); Linalool (PubChem CID: 6549); Metabolomics; Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae; Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride; Volatiles; d-limonene (PubChem CID: 440917); β-Pinene (PubChem CID: 14896); γ-Terpinene (PubChem CID: 7461)