title: Evaluation of various treatment modalities in sleep bruxism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep bruxism (SB) is an oral condition that is associated with tooth wear, orofacial pain, and interference with sleep. The most recommended management technique is the use of an occlusal splint. Although the mandibular advancement device (MAD) has shown good results, few well-designed randomized controlled trials are available with which to compare these treatment options. Therefore, an evaluation of the effect of these 2 appliances on SB is needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a MAD and a maxillary occlusal splint (MOS) on the sleep quality and SB activity of participants with SB.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized controlled trial, 28 participants were randomly supplied with either a MAD or MOS. The sleep quality of the participants was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and their SB activity with electromyographic activity of the masseter with polysomnography. These variables were measured at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 32 participants, 28 had data available for statistical analysis, as 4 participants did not return for follow-up examination. Both the MOS and MAD significantly reduced the PSQI and SB episodes and bursts in participants after 3 months (P<.05). The MAD provided greater reduction in SB episodes per hour after 3 months compared to the MOS. Participants supplied with a MAD reported more discomfort in their feedback form than participants using a MOS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the MAD and MOS provided significantly improved sleep quality and a decrease in SB episodes at 3 months.
authors.affiliation: Junior Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University UP, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Punit Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University UP, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Habib A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Alvi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University UP, Lucknow, India. Electronic address: balendra02@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Balendra Pratap
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University UP, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Raghuwar D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George's Medical University UP, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Surya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kant
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University UP, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Sunit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jurel
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University UP, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Kamleshwar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University UP, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Deeksha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.affiliation: Senior Research Fellow, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dubey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019186:Mandibular Advancement; D008406:Masseter Muscle; D008875:Middle Aged; D017090:Occlusal Splints; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D020186:Sleep Bruxism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*