title: Activating PPARα prevents post-ischemic contractile dysfunction in hypertrophied neonatal hearts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-ischemic contractile dysfunction is a contributor to morbidity and mortality after the surgical correction of congenital heart defects in neonatal patients. Pre-existing hypertrophy in the newborn heart can exacerbate these ischemic injuries, which may partly be due to a decreased energy supply to the heart resulting from low fatty acid β-oxidation rates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We determined whether stimulating fatty acid β-oxidation with GW7647, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) activator, would improve cardiac energy production and post-ischemic functional recovery in neonatal rabbit hearts subjected to volume overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Volume-overload cardiac hypertrophy was produced in 7-day-old rabbits via an aorto-caval shunt, after which, the rabbits were treated with or without GW7647 (3 mg/kg per day) for 14 days. Biventricular working hearts were subjected to 35 minutes of aerobic perfusion, 25 minutes of global no-flow ischemia, and 30 minutes of aerobic reperfusion. GW7647 treatment did not prevent the development of cardiac hypertrophy, but did prevent the decline in left ventricular ejection fraction in vivo. GW7647 treatment increased cardiac fatty acid β-oxidation rates before and after ischemia, which resulted in a significant increase in overall ATP production and an improved in vitro post-ischemic functional recovery. A decrease in post-ischemic proton production and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as an activation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase isoform 2 and citrate synthase, was evident in GW7647-treated hearts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stimulating fatty acid β-oxidation in neonatal hearts may present a novel cardioprotective intervention to limit post-ischemic contractile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.).
authors.forename: Victoria H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.).
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.).
authors.forename: Alda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huqi
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.).
authors.forename: Arata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.).
authors.forename: Brandon A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.).
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onay-Besikci
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.).
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Keung
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.).
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.).
authors.forename: Jagdip S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jaswal
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.).
authors.forename: Ivan M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Rebeyka
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.) and Department of Pediatrics (V.H.L., L.Z., A.H., A.F., B.A.T., W.K., P.F.K., J.S.J., I.M.R., G.D.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (A.O.-B.). gary.lopaschuk@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lopaschuk
mesh_terms: D001275:ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006019:Glycolysis; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists* / Q000502:physiology; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D005227:Fatty Acids; C453899:GW 7647; D047493:PPAR alpha; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D001275:ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases
keywords: heart failure; hypertrophy; metabolism; therapy