title: Expulsion of Nova-T380, Multiload 375, and Copper-T380A contraceptive devices inserted during cesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the expulsion rate of Nova-T380, Multiload 375, and Copper-T380A intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) inserted during cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative randomized study was conducted between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014, in three maternity centers in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. All women scheduled for an elective cesarean and accepting intraoperative insertion of an IUCD were randomly allocated to receive the Nova-T380 (group 1), Multiload 375 (group 2), or Cu-T380A (group 3) using a computer-generated table. Researchers and participants were not masked to the type of IUCD. Follow-up was for 1 year. The primary outcome was IUCD expulsion (complete or partial [i.e. displacement]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each group contained 40 participants. At 1 year, expulsion had been reported for 5 (13%) women in group 1, 2 (5%) in group 2, and 6 (15%) in group 3 (P>0.05 for all). The frequency of displacement was significantly lower in group 2 (5 [13%] participants) than in group 1 (15 [38%]; P=0.001) and group 3 (14 [35%]; P=0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a comparable risk of expulsion following IUCD insertion during cesarean delivery, the Multiload 375 device showed the lowest risk of displacement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Qassim University, Burraidah, Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ragab
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Qassim University, Burraidah, Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Electronic address: hossam_omar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hossam O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Qassim University, Burraidah, Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Bahri University, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alsammani
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hend
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shalaby
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nabeil
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rafik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Fetih
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007433:Intrauterine Device Expulsion; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D011247:Pregnancy; D012306:Risk; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cesarean delivery; Copper-T380A; Intrauterine contraceptive device; Multiload 375; Nova-T380; Postpartum insertion