title: Newborn screening for sickle cell diseases in the United States: A review of data spanning 2 decades.
abstract: Sickle cell disease is a group of disorders, the majority of which are detected through state newborn screening programs. There is limited knowledge of disease prevalence in the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 20 years of case finding and laboratory data for sickle cell disease and trait to assist in: planning for health services delivery; providing data for researchers; aiding in tracking health outcome trends; and assessing sickle gene prevalence in the newborn population. During the 20-year period, there were 39,422 confirmed cases of sickle cell disease among 76,527,627 newborn births screened (1:1941) and 1,107,875 laboratory reports of probable sickle trait among 73,951,175 newborn births screened (1:67). The highest sickle cell disease incidence during the 20 years was in the District of Columbia (1:437) followed by Mississippi (1:683) and South Carolina (1:771). For sickle cell trait, the highest incidences were in the District of Columbia (1:22), Mississippi (1:26), and South Carolina (1:31).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; National Newborn Screening and Global Resource Center (NNSGRC), 39 07 Galacia Dr, Austin, TX 78759. Electronic address: therrell@uthscsa.edu.
authors.forename: Bradford L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Therrell
authors.affiliation: American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Bethesda, MD 20814.
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lloyd-Puryear
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Eckman
authors.affiliation: Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Rockville, MD 20857.
authors.forename: Marie Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018563:Disease Notification; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D012805:Sickle Cell Trait; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: National data; Newborn screening; Sickle cell disease; Sickle cell trait