title: Antioxidant peptides from corn gluten meal: Orthogonal design evaluation.
abstract: Protamex catalyzed corn gluten meal (CGM) hydrolysis peptides (CHP) were prepared. Orthogonal design L16 (4(5)) was used to optimize processing variables of CGM concentration, CGM heat pretreatment (121 °C) time, and enzymolysis pH, temperature, and time. Degree of hydrolysis (DH), undigested residue ratio, molecular weight (MW) distribution and DPPH radical inhibition were selected as analysis indicators. Optimum variables were CGM concentration of 18%, heat pretreatment time of 40 min, and enzymolysis pH, temperature and time of 7.5, 55 °C and 24h, respectively. Verification test showed that CHP IC50 for scavenging hydroxyl radical was the best and then followed by reducing power. Oligopeptides improved after hydrolysis at the expense of di- and tripeptides, suggesting formation of soluble aggregates from low MW peptides. The increase in the DH, oligopeptides, Alanyl-Tyrosine, and antioxidant free amino acids coincided with the improvement in the antioxidant activity of CHP.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Physical Processing of Agricultural Products, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Bio-process and Separation Engineering of Agri-products, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Jiangda Five Pines Biotechnology Co., Ltd, No. 99 Jing 15 Road, Zhejiang 212009, China.
authors.forename: Cunshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Physical Processing of Agricultural Products, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Bio-process and Separation Engineering of Agri-products, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Jiangda Five Pines Biotechnology Co., Ltd, No. 99 Jing 15 Road, Zhejiang 212009, China. Electronic address: mhl@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haile
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zalingei, PO Box 6, Zalingei, Sudan.
authors.forename: Abu ElGasim A
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Yagoub
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Science and Technology, Koforidua Polytechnic, P.O. Box 981, Koforidua, Ghana.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Owusu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Jiangda Five Pines Biotechnology Co., Ltd, No. 99 Jing 15 Road, Zhejiang 212009, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Xiaopei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis; D005983:Glutens / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000975:Antioxidants; D004151:Dipeptides; D009842:Oligopeptides; C016968:alanyltyrosine; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D005983:Glutens
keywords: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (PubChem CID: 2735032); Antioxidant activity; Aprotinin (PubChem CID: 16197280); Comprehensive balance analysis; Corn gluten meal; Cytochrome C (PubChem CID: 439171); Hydrolysate peptides; Orthogonal experiment; Protamex; Pyrogallol (PubChem CID: 1057); Sulfosalicylic acid (PubChem CID: 7322); Superoxide (PubChem CID: 5359597); Trifluoroacetic acid (PubChem CID: 6422); Tris hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 93573); l-Alanyl-l-Tyrosine (PubChem CID: 92946); l-tryptophan (PubChem CID: 6305)