title: Association of erectile dysfunction with depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and its association with depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single center cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2013 through January 2014. All outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis in our liver clinic between 18 and 80 years of age were considered eligible for this study. The exclusion criteria included well-established causes of ED, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, alcohol abuse, liver cirrhosis, ischemic heart disease, renal disease, neurologic disease, and malignancy. We also excluded the patients who had incompletely answered the questionnaires. ED was assessed using the validated Korean version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scale. The Korean version of the self-administered Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale was used to assess depression in the patients. Demographic and medical data were obtained from the patients' medical records. Current or past history of psychiatric diagnosis and drug history including the use of an antiviral agent and an antidepressant were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 727 patients met the initial eligibility criteria. Six hundred seventeen patients were excluded because their medical records contained one or more of the previously determined exclusion criteria. The remaining 110 patients were assessed based on the BDI and IIEF-5 questionnaires. Based on the IIEF-5 scale, the prevalence of ED among patients with chronic viral hepatitis was 40%. Compared with the non-ED group, patients in the ED group were older. The proportion of patients in the ED group who had a job or who were naïve peg-interferon users was lower than that in patients in the non-ED group. Patients with ED had significantly lower scores on the IIEF-5 scale than patients without ED (11.75 ± 4.88 vs 21.33 ± 1.86, P = 0.000). Patients with ED rated significantly higher scores on the BDI scale compared with patients without ED (12.59 ± 7.08 vs 5.30 ± 4.00, P = 0.000). Also, the IIEF-5 scores were negatively correlated with age, employment, and BDI scores. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, age and depression were independently associated with erectile dysfunction (P = 0.019 and 0.000, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with chronic viral hepatitis have a high prevalence of ED. Age and depression are independent factors for ED in male patients with chronic viral hepatitis.
authors.affiliation: Bong Oh Ma, Sang Goon Shim, Hae Jin Yang, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon-si 630-723, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bong Oh
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Bong Oh Ma, Sang Goon Shim, Hae Jin Yang, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon-si 630-723, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Goon
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Bong Oh Ma, Sang Goon Shim, Hae Jin Yang, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon-si 630-723, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents
keywords: Beck depression inventory; Chronic viral hepatitis; Depression; Erectile dysfunction; International Index of Erectile Function-5