title: Hesperidin ameliorates heavy metal induced toxicity mediated by oxidative stress in brain of Wistar rats.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) induces neurotoxicity owing to its highly deleterious capacity to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). Recent studies have provided insights on antioxidant properties of bioflavonoids which have emerged as potential therapeutic and nutraceutical agents. The aim of our study was to examine the hypothesis that hesperidin (HP) ameliorates oxidative stress and may have mitigatory effects in the extent of heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity. Cd (3mg/kg body weight) was administered subcutaneously for 21 days while HP (40 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally once every day. The results of the current investigation demonstrate significant elevated levels of oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl (PC) along with significant depletion in the activity of non-enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione (GSH) and non-protein thiol (NP-SH) and enzymatic antioxidants in the Cd treated rats' brain. Activity of neurotoxicity biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and total ATPase were also altered significantly and HP treatment significantly attenuated the altered levels of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers while salvaging the antioxidant sentinels of cells to near normal levels thus exhibiting potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects on the brain tissue against oxidative damage in Cd treated rodent model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Haaris Ajmal
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India. Electronic address: drsuhelparvez@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Suhel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parvez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004798:Enzymes; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D002104:Cadmium; D006569:Hesperidin; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant; Cadmium; Heavy metal; Hesperidin; Neurotoxicity; Rats