title: The quality of paper-based versus electronic nursing care plan in Australian aged care homes: A documentation audit study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The nursing care plan plays an essential role in supporting care provision in Australian aged care. The implementation of electronic systems in aged care homes was anticipated to improve documentation quality. Standardized nursing terminologies, developed to improve communication and advance the nursing profession, are not required in aged care practice. The language used by nurses in the nursing care plan and the effect of the electronic system on documentation quality in residential aged care need to be investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe documentation practice for the nursing care plan in Australian residential aged care homes and to compare the quantity and quality of documentation in paper-based and electronic nursing care plans.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nursing documentation audit was conducted in seven residential aged care homes in Australia. One hundred and eleven paper-based and 194 electronic nursing care plans, conveniently selected, were reviewed. The quantity of documentation in a care plan was determined by the number of phrases describing a resident problem and the number of goals and interventions. The quality of documentation was measured using 16 relevant questions in an instrument developed for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a tendency to omit 'nursing problem' or 'nursing diagnosis' in the nursing process by changing these terms (used in the paper-based care plan) to 'observation' in the electronic version. The electronic nursing care plan documented more signs and symptoms of resident problems and evaluation of care than the paper-based format (48.30 vs. 47.34 out of 60, P<0.01), but had a lower total mean quality score. The electronic care plan contained fewer problem or diagnosis statements, contributing factors and resident outcomes than the paper-based system (P<0.01). Both types of nursing care plan were weak in documenting measurable and concrete resident outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall quality of documentation content for the nursing process was no better in the electronic system than in the paper-based system. Omission of the nursing problem or diagnosis from the nursing process may reflect a range of factors behind the practice that need to be understood. Further work is also needed on qualitative aspects of the nurse care plan, nurses' attitudes towards standardized terminologies and the effect of different documentation practice on care quality and resident outcomes.
authors.affiliation: School of Information Systems and Technology (SISAT), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Electronic address: nw57@uowmail.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Information Systems and Technology (SISAT), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Electronic address: ping@uow.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Information Systems and Technology (SISAT), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Electronic address: dhailey@ozemail.com.au.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hailey
mesh_terms: D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards*; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000592:standards*; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000592:standards*; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009731:Nursing Audit / Q000592:standards*; D009737:Nursing Records; D010209:Paper; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000592:standards*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Data quality; Documentation; Electronic nursing documentation system; Nursing care plan; Paper-based nursing documentation system; Standardized nursing terminology