title: Hoarseness in School-Aged Children and Effectiveness of Voice Therapy in International Classification of Functioning Framework.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hoarseness in school-aged children disrupts the educational process because it affects the social progress, communication skills, and self-esteem of children. Besides otorhinolaryngological examination, the first treatment option is voice therapy when hoarseness occurs. The aim of the study was to determine the factors increasing the hoarseness in school-aged children by parental interview and to know preferable voice therapy on school-aged children within the frame of International Classification of Functioning (ICF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of data gathered from patient files.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 75 children (56 boys and 19 girls) were examined retrospectively. The age range of school-aged children is 7-14 years and average is 10.86 ± 2.51. A detailed history was taken from parents of children involved in this study. Information about vocal habits of children was gathered within the frame of ICF and then the voice therapies of children were started by scheduling appointments by an experienced speech-language pathologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences between before and after voice therapy according to applied voice therapy methods, statistically significant differences were determined between maximum phonation time values and s/z rate. The relationship between voice therapy sessions and s/z rate with middle degree significance was found with physiological voice therapy sessions. According to ICF labels, most of voice complaints are matching with "body functions" and "activity and limitations."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The appropriate voice therapy methods for hoarseness in school-aged children must be chosen and applied by speech-language therapists. The detailed history, which is received from family during the examination, within the frame of ICF affects the processes of choosing the voice therapy method and application of them positively. Child's family is very important for a successful management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University. Electronic address: oakinsenkal@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Özgül
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Akın Şenkal
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University.
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Özer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014833:Voice Quality; D014834:Voice Training
keywords: Child; Hoarseness; ICF; School age; Voice therapy