title: Different target-discrimination times can be followed by the same saccade-initiation timing in different stimulus conditions during visual searches.
abstract: The neuronal processes that underlie visual searches can be divided into two stages: target discrimination and saccade preparation/generation. This predicts that the length of time of the prediscrimination stage varies according to the search difficulty across different stimulus conditions, whereas the length of the latter postdiscrimination stage is stimulus invariant. However, recent studies have suggested that the length of the postdiscrimination interval changes with different stimulus conditions. To address whether and how the visual stimulus affects determination of the postdiscrimination interval, we recorded single-neuron activity in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) when monkeys (Macaca fuscata) performed a color-singleton search involving four stimulus conditions that differed regarding luminance (Bright vs. Dim) and target-distractor color similarity (Easy vs. Difficult). We specifically focused on comparing activities between the Bright-Difficult and Dim-Easy conditions, in which the visual stimuli were considerably different, but the mean reaction times were indistinguishable. This allowed us to examine the neuronal activity when the difference in the degree of search speed between different stimulus conditions was minimal. We found that not only prediscrimination but also postdiscrimination intervals varied across stimulus conditions: the postdiscrimination interval was longer in the Dim-Easy condition than in the Bright-Difficult condition. Further analysis revealed that the postdiscrimination interval might vary with stimulus luminance. A computer simulation using an accumulation-to-threshold model suggested that the luminance-related difference in visual response strength at discrimination time could be the cause of different postdiscrimination intervals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and Center for Enhancing Next Generation Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ogawa.tadashi.7a@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D008251:Macaca; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: LIP; discrimination time; monkey; reaction time; stimulus luminance; visual search