title: Acute and subchronic toxicity of 20  kHz and 60  kHz magnetic fields in rats.
abstract: Despite increasing use of intermediate frequency (IF) magnetic fields (MFs) in occupational and domestic settings, scientific evidence necessary for health risk assessments of IF MF is insufficient. Male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats (12 per sex per group) were exposed to 20 kHz, 0.20 mT(root mean square, rms) or 60 kHz, 0.10 mT(rms) sinusoidal MFs for 22 h day(-1) for 14 days (acute) or 13 weeks (subchronic). Experiments were duplicated for each frequency to ensure outcome reproducibility, and examinations were blinded for quality assurance. All rats survived without significant clinical signs until the end of experiments. Some changes in body weight between the MF-exposed and control groups were observed over the course of exposure, although the directions of the changes were inconsistent and not statistically significant after subchronic exposure. There were significant differences between MF-exposed and control groups in some organ weights and parameters in hematology and clinical chemistry, but these were minor in magnitude and not repeated in duplicate experiments. Histopathological findings reflecting toxicity were sporadic. Frequencies of other findings were similar to historic data in this rat strain, and findings had no specific relationship to changes in organ weight or parameters of hematology and clinical chemistry in each animal. The changes observed throughout this study were considered biologically isolated and were attributable to chance associations rather than to MF exposure. The results, in particular the histopathological evidence, indicate an absence of toxicity in IF MF-exposed rats and do not support the hypothesis that IF MF exposure produces significant toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Contract Testing Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.affiliation: Contract Testing Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Negishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000528:radiation effects*; D049108:Cell Enlargement / Q000528:radiation effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: acute toxicity; intermediate frequency; magnetic field; non-ionizing radiation; rat; risk assessment; subchronic toxicity