title: Self-Care Self-Efficacy Correlates with Independence in Basic Activities of Daily Living in Individuals with Chronic Stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  (1) To characterize the self-care self-efficacy (SCSE) of community dwelling individuals with chronic stroke and (2) to determine the contribution of SCSE to the independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL) and the participation of individuals with chronic stroke. SCSE is the confidence in one's own ability to perform self-care activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included fifty community-dwelling individuals mean (SD) age 59.8 (9.3) years, mean (SD) 3.1 (1.7) years post-stroke who were able to walk at least 10 meters. SCSE was assessed using the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ), BADL was assessed by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) (interview), the IADL questionnaire assessed IADL and the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) assessed participation. Correlation and regression analyses were performed after controlling for grip strength, executive functions and gait speed, factors known to influence independence in daily living.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean SCSE level was moderate-high (70%). Significant moderate correlations were found between SCSE to independence in BADL (r = .596, P < .001), IADL (r = .567, P < .001) and participation (r = .340, P < .005). SCSE of our cohort explained 7.4% of the variance of the individual's independence in BADL after controlling for executive functions and gait speed, but did not contribute to their independence in IADL and participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher SCSE of individuals with chronic stroke contributes to more independence in BADL. Additional questionnaires regarding self efficacy for IADL should be developed and investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurological Head Trauma Rehabilitation, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan & Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weingarden
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan & Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Gabi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeilig
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Services, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Ayala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nota
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: drand@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rand
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012648:Self Care; D020377:Self Efficacy; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: IADL; depression; participation; rehabilitation