title: Use of Energy Crop (Ricinus communis L.) for Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals Assisted with Citric Acid.
abstract: Ricinus communis L. is a bioenergetic crop with high-biomass production and tolerance to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), thus, the plant is a candidate crop for phytoremediation. Pot experiments were performed to study the effects of citric acid in enhancing phytoextraction of Cd/Pb by Ricinus communis L. Citric acid increased Cd and Pb contents in plant shoots in all treatments by about 78% and 18-45%, respectively, at the dosage of 10 mM kg(-1) soil without affecting aboveground biomass production. Addition of citric acid reduced CEC, weakened soil adsorption of heavy metals and activated Cd and Pb in soil solutions. The acid-exchangeable fraction (BCR-1) of Pb remained lower than 7% and significantly increased with citric acid amendment. Respective increases in soil evaluation index induces by 14% and 19% under the Cd1Pb50 and Cd1Pb250 treatments upon addition of citric acid resulted in soil quality improvement. Ricinus communis L. has great potential in citric acid-assisted phytoextraction for Cd and Pb remediation.
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , PR China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chiquan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Kokyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yanru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001682:Biological Availability; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002367:Ricinus communis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D019343:Citric Acid; D007854:Lead
keywords: Ricinus communis L.; cadmium; citric acid; lead; phytoextraction