title: Interventional urology: endourology in small animal veterinary medicine.
abstract: The use of novel image-guided techniques in veterinary medicine has become more widespread, especially in urologic diseases. With the common incidence of urinary tract obstructions, stones disease, renal disease, and urothelial malignancies, combined with the recognized invasiveness and morbidity associated with traditional surgical techniques, the use of minimally invasive alternatives using interventional radiology and interventional endoscopy techniques has become incredibly appealing to owners and clinicians. This article provides a brief overview of some of the most common procedures done in endourology in veterinary medicine to date, providing as much evidence-based medicine as possible when comparing with traditional surgical alternatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Surgery, The Animal Medical Center, 510 East 62nd Street, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: Allyson.Berent@amcny.org.
authors.forename: Allyson C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Berent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000662:veterinary*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Endoscopic nephrolithotomy; Endourology; Idiopathic renal hematuria; Nephrolithiasis; Percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL); Subcutaneous ureteral bypass device (SUB); Ureteral obstruction; Ureteral stenting