title: New steroidal saponin and antiulcer activity from Solanum paniculatum L.
abstract: Solanum paniculatum L. (Solanaceae) is a plant species widespread throughout tropical America, especially in the Brazilian Savanna region. It is used in Brazil for culinary purposes and in folk medicine to treat liver and gastric dysfunctions, as well as hangovers. Fractionation of the ethanolic extracts (70%) from aerial parts (leaves and twigs) of S. paniculatum led to the isolation of the two new saponins (22R, 23S, 25R)-3β, 6α, 23-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1"" → 3"')-O-[β-D-quinovopyranosyl(1″' → 2')]-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1" → 3')]-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside (1) and diosgenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1" → 6')-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) together with four know compounds: caffeic acid (3), diosgenin β-D-glucopyranoside (4), rutin (5), and quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1"' → 6 ″)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (6). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive use of 1D and 2D NMR experiments along with HRESIMS analyses. Different doses (31.25-500 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of leaves from S. paniculatum were evaluated against gastric ulcer induced by ethanol in rats. The lower dose of extract able to promote antiulcer effect was 125 mg/kg. The treatment with S. paniculatum by oral route was able to decrease gastric lesion area and also reduced levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the gastric mucosa. Our results reveal for the first time, steroidal saponins from S. paniculatum and the antiulcer effect of this species at this lower dose.
authors.affiliation: Mato Grosso Federal University - UFMT - Institute of Natural, Humanities and Social Sciences, 78550-267 Sinop, MT, Brazil; Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: gerardovieira@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Gerardo Magela
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Vieira Júnior
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Campus do Litoral Paulista, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia Quintino
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tamires
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Souza Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clélia Akiko
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hiruma-Lima
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Campus do Litoral Paulista, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012431:Rutin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D012503:Saponins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D000431:Ethanol; D012431:Rutin; C040048:caffeic acid
keywords: Antiulcer activity; Solanaceae; Solanum paniculatum; Steroidal saponins