title: New isotopic evidence of lead contamination in wheat grain from atmospheric fallout.
abstract: Crops could accumulate trace metals by soil-root transfer and foliar uptake from atmospheric fallout, and an accurate assessment of pollution sources is a prerequisite for preventing heavy metal pollution in agricultural products. In this study, we examined Pb isotope rates to trace the sources of Pb in wheat grain grown in suburbs. Results showed that, even in zones with scarcely any air pollution spots, atmospheric fallout was still a considerable source of Pb accumulation in wheat. The concentration of Pb in wheat grain has poor correlation with that in farm soil. The Pb concentration in wheat grains with dust in bran coat was significantly higher than that in wheat grains, which indicates that Pb may accumulate by foliar uptake. The Pb isotope rate has obvious differences between the soil and atmospheric fallout, and scatter ratio is significantly closer between the wheat grain and atmospheric fallout. Atmospheric fallout is a more significant source of Pb concentration in wheat grains than in soil. As far as we know, this is the first study on the main sources of lead in grain crop (wheat) samples with isotope. This study aims to improve our understanding of the translocation of foliar-absorbed metals to nonexposed parts of plants.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Tongbin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China. Leim@igsnrr.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Qifei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
authors.forename: Chuang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Runyao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000397:Air Pollution; D002681:China; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013383:Suburban Population; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D007554:Isotopes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead
keywords: Atmospheric; Fallout; Pb contamination; Pb isotopic; Soil; Wheat grain