title: Differential expression of TLR3 and TLR4 in keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT): A comparative immunohistochemical study in primary, recurrent, and nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS)--associated lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the activation of innate immunity and they can promote cancer cell survival and tumor progression. It has been claimed that TLRs can somehow predict the clinical behavior in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the molecular basis underlying keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KOCTs) aggressive behavior and recurrence we carried out this immunohistochemical study on TLR3 and TLR4 expression in sporadic primary KCOTs (sp-KCOTs), sporadic recurrent KCOTs (sp-KCOTs), and NBCCS-associated KCOTs (NBCCS-KCOTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  40 cases of KOCTs removed from 23 men and 17 women were the sample. Paraffin-embedded blocks were processed for immunohistochemistry. Sections were incubated with TLR3 and TLR4 antibodies and immunoreactivity evaluated on a semi-quantitative score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both TLR3 and TLR4 were expressed in KCOTs epithelium, although with a different extent. TLR3 was not expressed in sp-KCOTs and sr-KCOTs, but it showed a faint staining in NBCCS-KCOTs. On the other hand, both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for TLR4 was detected in all the 3 types of lesions; however being significantly more expressed in sr-KCOT and NBCCS-KCOTs (p < 0.0001). Our results, demonstrated an association between TLR4, but not TLR3 expression to recurrence behavior of KCOTs. In fact, TLR4 was up-regulated in sr-KCOTs and NBCCS-KCOTs but not in sp-KCOTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According these findings it seems conceivable to assume that the up-regulation of TLR4 in some KCOTs can be correlated somehow to their tendency recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Section of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. Electronic address: rleonard@unict.it.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Perrotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crimi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbato
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Da Bahia Faculdade De Odontologia Laboratório De Patologia Cirúrgica, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusu
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Institute of Oral Pathology, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bufo
authors.affiliation: Direttore Struttura Complessa di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Cytopathology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pannone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001478:Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009808:Odontogenic Tumors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000032:analysis*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C495344:TLR3 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: KCOTs; NBCCS; TLR3; TLR4