title: New biosensor for detection of copper ions in water based on immobilized genetically modified yeast cells.
abstract: Contamination of water by heavy metals represents a potential risk for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including humans. Heavy metals in water resources can come from various industrial activities, and drinking water can be ex-post contaminated by heavy metals such as Cu(2+) from house fittings (e.g., water reservoirs) and pipes. Here, we present a new copper biosensor capable of detecting copper ions at concentrations of 1-100 μM. This biosensor is based on cells of a specifically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain immobilized in alginate beads. Depending on the concentration of copper, the biosensor beads change color from white, when copper is present in concentrations below the detection limit, to pink or red based on the increase in copper concentration. The biosensor was successfully tested in the determination of copper concentrations in real samples of water contaminated with copper ions. In contrast to analytical methods or other biosensors based on fluorescent proteins, the newly designed biosensor does not require specific equipment and allows the quick detection of copper in many parallel samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vopálenská
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic. Electronic address: vachova@biomed.cas.cz.
authors.forename: Libuše
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Váchová
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic. Electronic address: zdenap@natur.cuni.cz.
authors.forename: Zdena
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Palková
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Alginate beads; Contaminated water; Copper ion detection; Purine synthesis pathway; Yeast biosensor