title: The diagnostic accuracy of five tests for diagnosing partial-thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon: A cohort study.
abstract: METHODS
  A cohort study.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The causes of the pain can be difficult for clinicians to diagnose due to the complexity of the shoulder anatomy and the wide spectrum of shoulder conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of provocative diagnostic tests, in patients with partial-thickness tears of the supraspinatus (SST) tendon.
  
  
  METHODS
  The partial-thickness tears SST tendon group consisted of 50 patients and 50 subjects with shoulder pain. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios of five physical examination tests were calculated using a 2 × 2 table.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the tests exhibited clinical useful positive LR greater than 2 (all, >7.0). The Yocum, Jobe, and Hawkinse-Kennedy exhibited clinically useful negative LR of less than 0.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The provocative tests examined were clinically useful in determining the presence or absence of pathology of the supraspinatus tendon.
  
  
  METHODS
  2b.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: mail@villafane.it.
authors.forename: Jorge H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Villafañe
authors.affiliation: Drexel University, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valdes
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy; Drexel University, PA, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anselmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pirali
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negrini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Physical examination; Shoulder; Tendon; Validity of results