title: Quantification of Vocal Fold Vibration in Various Laryngeal Disorders Using High-Speed Digital Imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify vibratory characteristics of various laryngeal disorders seen by high-speed digital imaging (HSDI).
  
  
  METHODS
  HSDI was performed on 78 patients with various laryngeal disorders (20 with polyp, 16 with carcinoma, 13 with leukoplakia, 6 with vocal fold nodule, and 33 with others) and 29 vocally healthy subjects. Obtained data were quantitatively evaluated by frame-by-frame analysis, laryngotopography, digital kymography, and glottal area waveform.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, patients with laryngeal pathologies showed greater asymmetry in amplitude, mucosal wave and phase, smaller mucosal wave, and poorer glottal closure than vocally healthy subjects. Furthermore, disease-specific vibratory disturbances that generally agreed with the findings in the literature were quantified: comparing polyp with nodule, differences were noted in longitudinal phase difference, amplitude, and mucosal wave. In comparison with leukoplakia and cancer, nonvibrating area was more frequently noted in cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HSDI analysis of various voice disorders using multiple methods can help phonosurgeons to properly diagnose various laryngeal pathologies and to estimate the degree of their vocal disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: drachilles23@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Nakano-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokonishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Disorders, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Gun, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nito
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Tracheo-Esophagology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Niro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007734:Kymography; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007971:Leukoplakia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010699:Phonation; D011127:Polyps / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D049489:Stroboscopy; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration; D014741:Video Recording; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: High-speed digital imaging; Laryngeal cancer; Laryngeal granuloma; Laryngeal leukoplakia; Laryngeal papilloma; Reinke edema; Vocal fold cyst; Vocal fold nodule; Vocal fold polyp