title: Bioconversion of Gibberellin Fermentation Residue into Feed Supplement and Organic Fertilizer Employing Housefly (Musca domestica L.) Assisted by Corynebacterium variabile.
abstract: The accumulation of a considerable quantity of gibberellin fermentation residue (GFR) during gibberellic acid A3 (GA3) production not only results in the waste of many resources, but also poses a potential hazard to the environment, indicating that the safe treatment of GFR has become an urgent issue for GA3 industry. The key to recycle GFR is converting it into an available resource and removing the GA3 residue. To this end, we established a co-bioconversion process in this study using house fly larvae (HFL) and microbes (Corynebacterium variabile) to convert GFR into insect biomass and organic fertilizer. About 85.5% GA3 in the GFR was removed under the following optimized solid-state fermentation conditions: 60% GFR, 40% rice straw powder, pH 8.5 and 6 days at 26 °C. A total of 371 g housefly larvae meal and 2,064 g digested residue were bio-converted from 3,500 g raw GFR mixture contaning1, 400 g rice straw in the unit of (calculated) dry matter. HFL meal derived from GFR contained 56.4% protein, 21.6% fat, and several essential amino acids, suggesting that it is a potential alternative animal feed protein source. Additionally, the digested GFR could be utilized as an organic fertilizer with a content of 3.2% total nitrogen, 2.0% inorganic phosphorus, 1.3% potassium and 91.5% organic matter. This novel GFR bio-conversion method can mitigate potential environmental pollution and recycle the waste resources.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jiufeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Jiang Xi New Reyphon Biochemical Co., LTD, Ji An City, JiangXi, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yixiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiang Xi New Reyphon Biochemical Co., LTD, Ji An City, JiangXi, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jiner
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiang Xi New Reyphon Biochemical Co., LTD, Ji An City, JiangXi, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ziduo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D018533:Biomass; D003352:Corynebacterium / Q000502:physiology*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology*; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000382:microbiology*; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006793:Houseflies / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D005875:Gibberellins