title: Combined resistance and balance-jumping exercise reduces older women's injurious falls and fractures: 5-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  previously, a randomised controlled exercise intervention study (RCT) showed that combined resistance and balance-jumping training (COMB) improved physical functioning and bone strength. The purpose of this follow-up study was to assess whether this exercise intervention had long-lasting effects in reducing injurious falls and fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  five-year health-care register-based follow-up study after a 1-year, four-arm RCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  community-dwelling older women in Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  one hundred and forty-five of the original 149 RCT participants; women aged 70-78 years at the beginning.
  
  
  METHODS
  participants' health-care visits were collected from computerised patient register. An injurious fall was defined as an event in which the subject contacted the health-care professionals or was taken to a hospital, due to a fall. The rate of injured fallers was assessed by Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio, HR), and the rate of injurious falls and fractures by Poisson regression (risk ratio, RR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  eighty-one injurious falls including 26 fractures occurred during the follow-up. The rate of injured fallers was 62% lower in COMB group compared with the controls (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.85). In addition, COMB group had 51% less injurious falls (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.98) and 74% less fractures (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  home-dwelling older women who participated in a 12-month intensive multi-component exercise training showed a reduced incidence for injurious falls during 5-year post-intervention period. Reduction in fractures was also evident. These long-term effects need to be confirmed in future studies.
authors.affiliation: The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere 33501, Finland.
authors.forename: Saija
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karinkanta
authors.affiliation: The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere 33501, Finland Medical School, University of Tampere, and Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kannus
authors.affiliation: The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere 33501, Finland.
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uusi-Rasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinonen
authors.affiliation: The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere 33501, Finland.
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sievänen
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D057187:Independent Living; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D053580:Muscle Strength; D016017:Odds Ratio; D004856:Postural Balance; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D055070:Resistance Training; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: exercise; fractures; injurious falls; older adults