title: Alternative technique for nipple-areola complex reconstruction with poor skin condition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) is generally the final step in breast reconstruction. NAC reconstructions are frequently complicated by scars, which are a common complication of radical surgery. Sometimes, radiotherapy further complicates these cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under these conditions, we present an alternative technique with a better chance of ensuring the vitality of the reconstructed NAC. We evaluated in a 35-patient group (G1) the average healing time, the subjective perception (aesthetics satisfaction), projection and diameter of the NAC as measures of the aesthetic and safety of the results compared with those of a control group 2 who underwent traditional techniques reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present the following results: an average post-op projection of 5 ± 2 mm in group 1 and 8 ± 2 mm in group 2; good stability over a 12-month period: lower reduction of the NAC projection (cumulative values within 2 mm) has been 80% in group 1 and 68.57% in the control group G2. A faster full recovery has been observed without post-operative complications in group 1 (11 ± 2 days) versus group 2 (14 ± 2 days) with minor complications. Other parameters were good in measures and comparable in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our data, this technique appears to ensure a good aesthetic result with acceptable stability over time. Moreover, healing process appears to be faster and less complicated in the experimental group.
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, ASL 2 Savonese, Ospedale "Santa Corona", Pietra Ligure, Savona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzonia
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, ASL 2 Savonese, Ospedale "Santa Corona", Pietra Ligure, Savona, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasso
authors.affiliation: MIOA, ASL 2 Savonese, Savona, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology / Q000639:trends*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000637:transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
keywords: breast reconstruction; nipple-areola reconstruction