title: Simulation Activity in Otolaryngology Residencies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Simulation has become a valuable tool in medical education, and several specialties accept or require simulation as a resource for resident training or assessment as well as for board certification or maintenance of certification. This study investigates current simulation resources and activities in US otolaryngology residency programs and examines interest in advancing simulation training and assessment within the specialty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Web-based survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  US otolaryngology residency training programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic web-based survey was disseminated to all US otolaryngology program directors to determine their respective institutional and departmental simulation resources, existing simulation activities, and interest in further simulation initiatives. Descriptive results are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses were received from 43 of 104 (43%) residency programs. Simulation capabilities and resources are available in most respondents' institutions (78.6% report onsite resources; 73.8% report availability of models, manikins, and devices). Most respondents (61%) report limited simulation activity within otolaryngology. Areas of simulation are broad, addressing technical and nontechnical skills related to clinical training (94%). Simulation is infrequently used for research, credentialing, or systems improvement. The majority of respondents (83.8%) expressed interest in participating in multicenter trials of simulation initiatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most respondents from otolaryngology residency programs have incorporated some simulation into their curriculum. Interest among program directors to participate in future multicenter trials appears high. Future research efforts in this area should aim to determine optimal simulators and simulation activities for training and assessment as well as how to best incorporate simulation into otolaryngology residency training programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA deutsches@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Ellen S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wiet
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Quality Improvement, American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Alexandria, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malekzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Marvin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fried
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008348:Manikins; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D013664:Teaching Materials; D014481:United States
keywords: United States; biological products; bronchoscopes; certification; cooperative behavior; curriculum; ear; education; faculty; health care costs; health services research; humans; internship and residency; judgment; laparoscopy; manikins; medical; operating rooms; otolaryngology; patient care; physicians; quality improvement; research; research personnel; schools; simulation; simulators; temporal bone; universities