title: Iatrogenic ureteral trauma: a 16-year single tertiary centre experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  lItrogenic ureteral injuries can occur during various abdominopelvic and retroperitoneal surgical procedures including gynecological, urological, colorectal and vascular.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to examine the incidence and types of iatrogenic ureteral injuries occurred over the period of 16 years, as well as to evaluate the values of applied diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of clinical data (medical records and operative reports) of 55 patients (11 male and 44 female; mean age 54.5 years) with verified iatrogenic ureteral injury from 1998 to 2014, was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  latrogenic ureteral injuries occurred during gynecological procedures in 55%, urological in 25%, colorectal in 15% and vascular in 5% of cases. Mechanisms of injury were incomplete transection (n=23), complete transection (n=1), ligation (n=7), partial perforation (mucosal abrasion) (n=1 3) and total perforation (n=1). The most frequent diagnostic procedures for postoperative identification of ureteral injuries were abdominal ultrasonography, excretory urography, antegrade pyeloureterography and retrograde ureteropyelography. Early therapeutic procedures were applied in 35 (64%), while delayed in 20 cases (36%). Early (<30 days) or late (>30 days) postoperative complications were verified in 14 cases (25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among different surgeries that may lead to the development of iatrogenic ureteral injury, gynecological procedures represent the most common cause. Rapid diagnosis enables immediate ureteral repair and is associated with low morbidity rates, representing a major factor contributing to the treatment success and ultimately preserving the renal function.
authors.forename: Dragoslav
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bašić
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ignjatović
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Potić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055771:Serbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult