title: Trauma informed care in medicine: current knowledge and future research directions.
abstract: Traumatic events (including sexual abuse, domestic violence, elder abuse, and combat trauma) are associated with long-term physical and psychological effects. These events may influence patients' health care experiences and engagement in preventative care. Although the term trauma-informed care (TIC) is widely used, it is not well understood how to apply this concept in daily health care practice. On the basis of a synthesis of a review of the literature, the TIC pyramid is a conceptual and operational framework that can help physicians translate TIC principles into interactions with patients. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry (Dr Raja) and Department of Family Medicine (Dr Hasnain), University of Illinois at Chicago; US Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health, Region V, Chicago, Illinois (Ms Hoersch); Pritzker School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Gove-Yin); and Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey (Ms Rajagopalan).
authors.forename: Sheela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.forename: Memoona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasnain
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoersch
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gove-Yin
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D008875:Middle Aged; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control*