title: Performance of baited underwater video: does it underestimate abundance at high population densities?
abstract: Video survey techniques are now commonly used to estimate animal abundance under the assumption that estimates relate to true abundance, a key property needed to make video a valid survey tool. Using the spiny lobster Palinurus elephas as our model organism, we evaluate the effectiveness of baited underwater video (BUV) for estimating abundance in areas with widely different population density. We test three BUV abundance metrics and compare the results with an independently obtained abundance index from trammel-net surveys (Trammel). Video metrics used to estimate relative abundance include a value for total number of individuals per recording (TotN), the traditional maximum number of fish observed in a single video frame (MaxN), and the recently suggested alternative, the average of the mean MaxN from 5-minute periods throughout the duration of the recording (MeanN). This is the first video study of a wild population to include an estimate for TotN. Comparison of TotN with the other two BUV relative abundance metrics demonstrates that both of the latter lack resolution at high population densities. In spite of this, the three BUV metrics tested, as well as the independent estimate Trammel, distinguished high density areas from low density areas. Thus they could all be used to identify areas of differing population density, but MaxN and MeanN would not be appropriate metrics for studies aimed at documenting increases in abundance, such as those conducted to assess marine protected area effectiveness, as they are prone to sampling saturation. We also demonstrate that time of first arrival (T1) is highly correlated with all of the abundance indices; suggesting T1 may be a potentially useful index of abundance. However, these relationships require further investigation as our data suggests T1 may not adequately represent lobster abundance in areas of high density.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; South Australian Research and Development Institute, Port Lincoln Marine Science Centre, PO Box 1511, Port Lincoln, SA 5606, Australia.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stobart
authors.affiliation: Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: I.M.E.M. Ramón Margalef, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallol
authors.affiliation: Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goñi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D033364:Decapoda / Q000502:physiology*; D005843:Geography; D062312:Islands; D011156:Population Density; D013030:Spain; D014741:Video Recording