title: A pilot study examining the effects of consuming a high-protein vs normal-protein breakfast on free-living glycemic control in overweight/obese 'breakfast skipping' adolescents.
abstract: To examine whether the daily consumption of normal-protein (NP) vs higher-protein (HP) breakfasts improve free-living glycemic control in overweight/obese, 'breakfast skipping' adolescents. Twenty-eight healthy, but overweight, teens (age: 19±1 year; BMI: 29.9±0.8 kg m(-2)) completed a 12-week randomized parallel-arm study in which the adolescents consumed either a 350 kcal NP breakfast (13 g protein) or HP breakfast (35 g protein). Pre- and post-study 24-h blood glucose measures were assessed using continuous glucose monitoring. Although no main effects of time or group were detected, time by group interactions were observed. Post hoc pairwise comparisons assessing the post-pre changes revealed that the daily consumption of the HP breakfasts tended to reduce the 24-h glucose variability (s.d.) vs NP (-0.17±0.09 vs +0.09±0.10 s.d.; P=0.06) and tended to reduce the time spent above the high glucose limit (-292±118 vs -24±80 min; P=0.09). The consumption of the HP breakfasts also reduced the 24-h maximal (peak) glucose response (-0.94±0.36 vs +0.30±0.18 mmol l(-1); P<0.01) and reduced postprandial glucose fluctuations (-0.88±0.44 vs +0.49±0.34 mmol l(-1); P<0.03) vs NP. These data suggest that the daily addition of a HP breakfast, containing 35 g of high-quality protein, has better efficacy at improving free-living glycemic control compared with a NP breakfast in overweight/obese, but otherwise healthy, 'breakfast skipping' adolescents.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hoertel
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Shafer
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thyfault
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.|Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Leidy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D062408:Breakfast; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012527:Satiation; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D054439:Ghrelin