title: ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 expression in macrophages and animal models.
abstract: METHODS
  ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) have beneficial effects on cardiovascular function, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 ) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated the effects of ω3-PUFAs on Lp-PLA2 expression in vitro and in vivo and explored the mechanisms involved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human monocyticcells (THP-1) were induced into macrophages in an in vitro model. ω3-PUFAs suppressed Lp-PLA2 expression; the suppression induced by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was related to reduced inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was employed to stimulate the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and Lp-PLA2 expression in macrophages. The stimulation was inhibited by DHA and the anti-inflammatory drug sodium salicylate. Moreover, the stimulation of Lp-PLA2 expression by TNF-α could be suppressed by NF-κB and MAPK pathway inhibitors. Then, chronic inflammation was induced in an in vivo mouse model, resulting in an increase in Lp-PLA2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and arteries. This increase was suppressed by ω3-PUFAs. Inhibition of Lp-PLA2 transcription in PBMCs was also observed in ω3-PUFA-enriched swine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that the protective effects of ω3-PUFAs against cardiovascular events may be related to the suppression of Lp-PLA2 levels.
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Wenzhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Xingxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Gangqi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Mingjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Daxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Hongsheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; C526684:PLA2G7 protein, human
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Inflammation; Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2; Signaling pathways; ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids