title: Salvage stereotactic body radiotherapy for locally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after sublobar resection and i(125) vicryl mesh brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Locally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (LR-NSCLC) remains challenging to treat, particularly in patients having received prior radiotherapy. Heterogeneous populations and varied treatment intent in existing literature result in significant limitations in evaluating efficacy of lung re-irradiation. In order to better establish the impact of re-irradiation in patients with LR-NSCLC following high-dose radiotherapy, we report outcomes for patients treated with prior sublobar resection and brachytherapy that subsequently underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patients initially treated with sublobar resection and I(125) vicryl mesh brachytherapy, who later developed LR-NSCLC along the suture line, was performed. Patients received salvage SBRT with curative intent. Dose and fractionation were based on tumor location and size, with a median prescription dose of 48 Gy in 4 fractions (range 20-60 Gy in 1-4 fractions).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen consecutive patients were identified with median follow-up of 2.1 years (range 0.7-5.6 years). Two in-field local failures occurred at 7.5 and 11.1 months, resulting in 2-year local control of 83.9% (95% CI, 63.5-100.0%). Two-year disease-free survival and overall survival estimates were 38.5% (95% CI, 0.0-65.0%) and 65.8% (95% CI, 38.2-93.4%). Four patients (31%) remained disease-free at last follow-up. All but one patient who experienced disease recurrence developed isolated or synchronous distant metastases. Only one patient (7.7%) developed grade ≥3 toxicity, consisting of grade 3 esophageal stricture following a centrally located recurrence previously treated with radiofrequency ablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite high-local radiation doses delivered to lung parenchyma previously with I(125) brachytherapy, re-irradiation with SBRT for LR-NSCLC results in excellent local control with limited morbidity, allowing for potential disease cure in a subset of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA.
authors.forename: Beant S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Clump
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA.
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schuchert
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA.
authors.forename: Dwight E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Heron
keywords: SBRT; brachytherapy; lung cancer; non-small cell lung cancer; radiosurgery; re-irradiation; recurrent