title: Vitamin E pretreatment prevents histopathological effects in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) acutely exposed to cylindrospermopsin.
abstract: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin frequently involved in blooms with a predominantly extracellular availability, which makes it easily taken up by a variety of aquatic organisms. CYN is a potent protein and glutathione synthesis inhibitor, and also induces genotoxicity, oxidative stress and several histopathological lesions. The present study investigates the protective role of a vitamin E pretreatment (700 mg vit E/kg fish bw/day, for 7 days) on the histopathological alterations induced in different organs of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) acutely exposed to a single oral dose of 400 µg pure CYN/kg bw fish. The major histological changes observed were degenerative glucogenic process and loss of the hepatic structure in the liver, glomerulopathy and tubular tumefaction in the kidney, myofibrolysis and edema in the heart, catarrhal enteritis and necrosis in the gastrointestinal tract, hyperemic processes in the gill lamellae, and high basophilia, degeneration and tumefaction of granular neurons in the brain. Vitamin E pretreatment was effective in preventing or ameliorating the abovementioned alterations induced by CYN. In addition, a morphometric study indicated that the average nuclear diameter of hepatocytes, and cross-sections of proximal and distal convoluted tubules, together with the cardiac fiber and capillaries diameters represent a useful tool to evaluate the damage induced by CYN. This is the first study reporting vitamin E prevention of histopathological damage in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, gastrointestinal tract, gills and brain) of fish intoxicated with CYN. Therefore, vitamin E can be considered a useful chemoprotectant in the treatment of histopathological changes induced in CYN-intoxicated fish. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1469-1485, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, Sevilla, 41012, Spain. rguzman1@us.es.
authors.forename: Remedios
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Guillén
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Prieto Ortega
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Praena
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus De Rabanales Carretera Madrid-Cádiz S/N, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moyano
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Anatomy, University of Córdoba, Campus De Rabanales Carretera Madrid-Cádiz S/N, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cameán
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D023681:Cichlids / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D019610:Cytoprotection; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D014810:Vitamin E; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil
keywords: cylindrospermopsin; histopathology; morphometry; tilapia; vitamin E