title: Oxygen plasma surface modification augments poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) cytocompatibility toward osteoblasts and minimizes immune activation of macrophages.
abstract: Here, we report on modification of one of the model biomedical polymers, poly L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA; 85:15), by reactive ion etching (RIE) oxygen plasma treatment. PLGA's major disadvantage is high hydrophobicity which restrains binding of cell-adhesive proteins and host cells. In the current approach, we aimed to answer two questions: (1) will only short (10 s) and moderate (20-200 mTorr, 45-90 W) RIE oxygen plasma treatment, leading to decrease of water contact angle by only up to 10°, sufficiently improve PLGA adherence to cells, and (2) how will this affect osteoblasts and activation of the immune system? All obtained modified PLGAs had improved hydrophilicity but unaltered roughness (as revealed by water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy) resulting in significantly improved adhesion of osteoblasts (MG-63) and their low activation. Importantly, macrophages (RAW 264.7), one of the key cells initiating inflammation and bone resorption, responded significantly less vigorously to the modified polymers, expressing/releasing lower amounts of nitric oxide, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IL-10). We conclude that already slight RIE oxygen plasma modification of PLGA is sufficient to improve its surface properties, and enhance cytocompatibility. Most importantly, this type of modification prevents excessive immune response.
authors.affiliation: Section of Anatomy, Department of Physiotherapy, Academy of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scislowska-Czarnecka
authors.affiliation: Division of Silicon Microsystem and Nanostructure Technology, Institute of Electron Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szmigiel
authors.affiliation: Division of Bio & Soft Matter, Université Catholique De Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Genet
authors.affiliation: Division of Bio & Soft Matter, Université Catholique De Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dupont-Gillain
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pamula
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Immunobiology, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kolaczkowska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016207:Cytokines; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: MG-63; RAW 264.7; RIE oxygen plasma modification; immune response; poly l-lactide-co-glycolide