title: Internet-based interpretation bias modification for social anxiety: A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The biased interpretation of ambiguous social situations is considered a maintaining factor of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Studies on the modification of interpretation bias have shown promising results in laboratory settings. The present study aims at pilot-testing an Internet-based training that targets interpretation and judgmental bias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for SAD participated in an 8-week, unguided program. Participants were presented with ambiguous social situations, were asked to choose between neutral, positive, and negative interpretations, and were required to evaluate costs of potential negative outcomes. Participants received elaborate automated feedback on their interpretations and judgments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a pre-to-post-reduction of the targeted cognitive processing biases (d = 0.57-0.77) and of social anxiety symptoms (d = 0.87). Furthermore, results showed changes in depression and general psychopathology (d = 0.47-0.75). Decreases in cognitive biases and symptom changes did not correlate. The results held stable accounting for drop-outs (26%) and over a 6-week follow-up period. Forty-five percent of the completer sample showed clinical significant change and almost half of the participants (48%) no longer met diagnostic criteria for SAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the study lacks a control group, results lend only preliminary support to the efficacy of the intervention. Furthermore, the mechanism of change remained unclear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First results promise a beneficial effect of the program for SAD patients. The treatment proved to be feasible and acceptable. Future research should evaluate the intervention in a randomized-controlled setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brettschneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Fabrikstr. 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Babette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Renneberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: johanna.boettcher@fu-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boettcher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015982:Bias; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000068156:Formative Feedback; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive-behavior therapy; Internet; Interpretation bias; Judgmental bias; Online; Social anxiety disorder