title: Tackling risky alcohol consumption in sport: a cluster randomised controlled trial of an alcohol management intervention with community football clubs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increased prevalence of risky alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm has been reported for members of sporting groups and at sporting venues compared with non-sporting populations. While sports clubs and venues represent opportune settings to implement strategies to reduce such risks, no controlled trials have been reported. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of an alcohol management intervention in reducing risky alcohol consumption and the risk of alcohol-related harm among community football club members.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster randomised controlled trial of an alcohol management intervention was undertaken with non-elite, community football clubs and their members in New South Wales, Australia. Risky alcohol consumption (5+ drinks) at the club and risk of alcohol-related harm using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were measured at baseline and postintervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight clubs participated in the trial (n=43, INTERVENTION; n=45, CONTROL) and separate cross-sectional samples of club members completed the baseline (N=1411) and postintervention (N=1143) surveys. Postintervention, a significantly lower proportion of intervention club members reported: risky alcohol consumption at the club (
  
  
  METHODS
  19%;
  
  
  METHODS
  24%; OR: 0.63 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.00); p=0.05); risk of alcohol-related harm (
  
  
  METHODS
  38%;
  
  
  METHODS
  45%; OR: 0.58 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.87); p<0.01); alcohol consumption risk (
  
  
  METHODS
  47%;
  
  
  METHODS
  55%; OR: 0.60 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.87); p<0.01) and possible alcohol dependence (
  
  
  METHODS
  1%;
  
  
  METHODS
  4%; OR: 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.65); p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With large numbers of people worldwide playing, watching and sports officiating, enhancing club-based alcohol management interventions could make a substantial contribution to reducing the burden of alcohol misuse in communities.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ACTRN12609000224224.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kingsland
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wolfenden
authors.affiliation: Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tindall
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Bosco C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.affiliation: Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lecathelinais
authors.affiliation: Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Gillham
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Pennie
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dodds
authors.affiliation: Australian Drug Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Maree N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sidey
authors.affiliation: Australian Drug Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rogerson
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McElduff
authors.affiliation: Australian Drug Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Crundall
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wiggers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001315:Australia; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012916:Soccer; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: ALCOHOL; HEALTH BEHAVIOUR; HEALTH PROMOTION; RANDOMISED TRIALS; SPORT