title: Roles of Testosterone Replacement in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
abstract: Testosterone is an anabolic steroid hormone, which is the major circulating androgen hormone in males. Testosterone levels decreasing below the normal physiological levels lead to a status known as androgen deficiency. Androgen deficiency has been shown to be a major risk factor in the development of several disorders, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and ischemic heart disease. In the past decades, although several studies from animal models as well as clinical studies demonstrated that testosterone exerted cardioprotection, particularly during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, other preclinical and clinical studies have shown an inverse relationship between testosterone levels and cardioprotective effects. As a result, the effects of testosterone replacement on the heart remain controversial. In this review, reports regarding the roles of testosterone replacement in the heart following I/R injury are comprehensively summarized and discussed. At present, it may be concluded that chronic testosterone replacement at a physiological dose demonstrated cardioprotective effects, whereas acute testosterone replacement can cause adverse effects in the I/R heart.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wanpitak
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pongkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Siriporn C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chattipakorn
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand nchattip@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nipon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chattipakorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D065840:Protective Factors; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone
keywords: aging; heart; ischemia–reperfusion injury; testosterone