title: Food insecurity and dyslipidemia in a representative population-based sample in the US.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association of food insecurity with dyslipidemia has not been firmly established. The main objective of this study was to assess whether food insecurity was associated with dyslipidemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based sample of 1,663 adults from the 2008-2011 Survey of the Health of Wisconsin was used. Food insecurity was defined as an affirmative response to either of the questions: (1) "In the last 12months, have you been concerned about having enough food for you or your family?" (2) "In the last 12months, have your food choices been limited because there wasn't enough money?" High total cholesterol was defined as total cholesterol (TC) >240mg/dL or taking prescribed lipid-lowering medication. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was defined as <40mg/dL in men and <50mg/dL in women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Food insecurity was not associated with high TC either among men or women. Food insecurity was associated with a higher likelihood of low HDL-C among women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.31 {95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42, 3.76}), but not among men. Obesity appears to be a partial mediator of the association among women (P from the Sobel test=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that food insecurity may contribute to an increased risk of low HDL-C in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Jung-Im
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Leonelo E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin Department of Children and Families, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Malecki
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: fjnieto@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Nieto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet / Q000191:economics*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Dyslipidemia; Food insecurity; HDL-C; Population-based studies; Survey of the Health of Wisconsin