title: Motivations for seeking minimally invasive cosmetic procedures in an academic outpatient setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The demand for minimally invasive cosmetic procedures has continued to rise, yet few studies have examined this patient population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to define the demographics, social characteristics, and motivations of patients seeking minimally invasive facial cosmetic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, single-institution cohort study of 72 patients was conducted from 2011 through 2014 at an urban academic medical center. Patients were aged 25 through 70 years; presented for botulinum toxin or soft tissue filler injections; and completed demographic, informational, and psychometric questionnaires before treatment. Descriptive statistics were conducted using Stata statistical software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average patient was 47.8 years old, was married, had children, was employed, possessed a college or advanced degree, and reported an above-average income. Most patients felt that the first signs of aging occurred around their eyes (74.6%), and a similar percentage expressed this area was the site most desired for rejuvenation. Almost one-third of patients experienced a "major life event" within the preceding year, nearly half had sought prior counseling from a mental health specialist, and 23.6% were being actively prescribed psychiatric medication at the time of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients undergoing injectable aesthetic treatments in an urban outpatient academic center were mostly employed, highly educated, affluent women who believed that their procedure would positively impact their appearance. A significant minority experienced a major life event within the past year, which an astute clinician should address during the initial patient consultation. This study helps to better understand the psychosocial factors characterizing this patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 Therapeutic.
authors.affiliation: Dr Sobanko is an Assistant Professor and Dr Margolis is a Professor, Department of Dermatology; and Dr Taglienti is Chief Resident, Dr Wilson is a Resident, and Dr Percec is an Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr Sarwer is a Professor of Psychology in the Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ms Dai is a Medical Student, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sobanko
authors.affiliation: Dr Sobanko is an Assistant Professor and Dr Margolis is a Professor, Department of Dermatology; and Dr Taglienti is Chief Resident, Dr Wilson is a Resident, and Dr Percec is an Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr Sarwer is a Professor of Psychology in the Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ms Dai is a Medical Student, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Taglienti
authors.affiliation: Dr Sobanko is an Assistant Professor and Dr Margolis is a Professor, Department of Dermatology; and Dr Taglienti is Chief Resident, Dr Wilson is a Resident, and Dr Percec is an Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr Sarwer is a Professor of Psychology in the Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ms Dai is a Medical Student, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Dr Sobanko is an Assistant Professor and Dr Margolis is a Professor, Department of Dermatology; and Dr Taglienti is Chief Resident, Dr Wilson is a Resident, and Dr Percec is an Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr Sarwer is a Professor of Psychology in the Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ms Dai is a Medical Student, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Sarwer
authors.affiliation: Dr Sobanko is an Assistant Professor and Dr Margolis is a Professor, Department of Dermatology; and Dr Taglienti is Chief Resident, Dr Wilson is a Resident, and Dr Percec is an Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr Sarwer is a Professor of Psychology in the Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ms Dai is a Medical Student, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.affiliation: Dr Sobanko is an Assistant Professor and Dr Margolis is a Professor, Department of Dermatology; and Dr Taglienti is Chief Resident, Dr Wilson is a Resident, and Dr Percec is an Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr Sarwer is a Professor of Psychology in the Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ms Dai is a Medical Student, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Dr Sobanko is an Assistant Professor and Dr Margolis is a Professor, Department of Dermatology; and Dr Taglienti is Chief Resident, Dr Wilson is a Resident, and Dr Percec is an Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr Sarwer is a Professor of Psychology in the Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ms Dai is a Medical Student, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Ivona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Percec
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000067548:Dermal Fillers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015143:Philadelphia; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011584:Psychology; D011594:Psychometrics; D012060:Rejuvenation / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000067548:Dermal Fillers; D001905:Botulinum Toxins