title: Redox nanoparticles as a novel treatment approach for inflammation and fibrosis associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress (OS) is largely thought to be a central mechanism responsible for liver damage, inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our aim was to investigate whether suppression of OS in the liver via redox nanoparticles (RNPs) reduces liver damage in a mouse model of NASH.
  
  
  METHODS
  RNPs were prepared by self-assembly of redox polymers possessing antioxidant nitroxide radicals and were orally administered by daily gavage for 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The redox polymer was delivered to the liver after disintegration of nanoparticle in the stomach. RNP treatment in NASH mice via gavage led to a reduction of liver OS, improvement of fibrosis, and significant reduction of inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings uncover RNP as a novel potential NASH therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshitomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazic
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Casey D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
authors.forename: Long Binh
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Vong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wree
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Povero
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Bettina G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Papouchado
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.|Master's School of Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.|Satellite Laboratory of International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS), Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Ariel E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Feldstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000166:cytology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011108:Polymers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012235:Rhodamines
keywords: anti-inflammatory polymer drug; oral antioxidants; redox nanoparticles