title: Anti-arthritic agents: progress and potential.
abstract: Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the two most common types of arthritis. Cartilage breakdown is a key feature of both diseases which contributes to the pain and joint deformity experienced by patients. Therefore, anti-arthritis drugs are of great importance. The aim of this review is to present recent progress in studies of various agents against osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The structures and activities of anti-arthritic agents, which used in medical practice or are in development, are presented and discussed. The effects and mechanisms of action of opioids, glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, natural products derived from plants, nutraceuticals, and a number of new and perspective agents are considered. Various perspective targets for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are also discussed. Trials of good quality are needed to draw solid conclusions regarding efficacy of many of the studied agents. Unfortunately, to date, there is no pharmacologic agent proven to prevent the progression of both diseases, and there is an urgent need for further development of better anti-arthritic agents.
authors.affiliation: Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. akademika Lavrent'eva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation. Electronic address: sergey@nioch.nsc.ru.
authors.forename: Sergey S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Laev
authors.affiliation: Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. akademika Lavrent'eva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Nariman F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Salakhutdinov
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: Cyclooxygenase; Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; Kinase; Methotrexate; Natural products; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Nutraceuticals; Osteoarthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis