title: Pneumomediastinum and (bilateral) pneumothorax after high energy trauma: Indications for emergency bronchoscopy.
abstract: High energy trauma may cause injury to tracheobronchial structures. This is sometimes difficult to diagnose immediately. Pneumomediastinum and (bilateral) pneumothorax seen on a CT-scan of the thorax may suggest possible damage to central airways. Emergency bronchoscopy should be performed to detect and locate a possible tracheobronchial injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Groenendijk
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Koen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hartemink
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dickhoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leo M G
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Geeraedts
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maartje
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terra
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thoral
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sayed M S
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hashemi
keywords: Emergency bronchoscopy; Pneumomediastinum; Pneumothorax; Tracheobronchial injury; Trauma