title: [It's not always a cyst].
abstract: Congenital arteriovenous renal fistulas are rare malformations due to abnormal communications between arterial and the venous systems. There are two types of congenital arteriovenous malformations: crisoid or, as in the present study, aneurysmal. Hematuria is the major and most common symptom, along with other clinical manifestations, such as hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac failure, and abdominal pain, but the congenital aneurysmatic arteriovenous renal fistulas can be also asymptomatic. Diagnosis can arise from a focused survey, suggested by a medical case or to be occasional, as in the present case of study. Ultrasonography with color duplex studies is the first line of imaging studies used in the diagnosis of renal arteriovenous malformations, The differential diagnosis must be made with other anechoic lesion: abscesses, tumors, hydronephrosis or, as in this case, a renal cyst. Angiography is the gold standard in the diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations, especially in those cases where the diagnostic -therapeutic treatment requires the endovascular treatment of the vessel, as in the case of a 46 years old man submitted in our clinic to the ultrasonography follow-up for a renal cyst.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deceglia
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dell'Atti
authors.forename: Pernina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozzi
authors.forename: Cristoforo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuzzola
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giancaspro
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laraia
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nisi
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Proscia
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tarantino
authors.forename: Ottavia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petrarulo
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery; D012082:Renal Veins