title: Gut microbiota and inflammation in chronic kidney disease patients.
abstract: Inflammation is a multifactorial phenotype that in chronic kidney disease is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Recently, alterations in gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier have been associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in CKD patients. Vanholder and Glorieux recently critically reviewed [Clin Kidney J (2015) 8 (2): 168-179] the current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the production of uraemic toxins and the therapeutic implications. Where do we stand now? The basic mechanisms of the gut-kidney crosstalk must still be clarified. In addition, the efficacy and safety of therapeutic strategies to modulate the gut microbiota in order to decrease uraemic toxin production and inflammation in chronic kidney disease should be evaluated. Finally, an impact of such strategies on hard outcomes should be demonstrated before incorporation into routine clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Graduate Program in Medical Sciences , Niterói-RJ , Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mafra
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit , Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Carmen, CENS, Université de Lyon , Lyon , F-69622, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fouque
keywords: chronic kidney disease; gut microbiota; inflammation