title: The effects of training and detraining after an 8 month resistance and stretching training program on forward head and protracted shoulder postures in adolescents: Randomised controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 32-week resistance and stretching training program applied in Physical Education classes on forward head posture and protracted shoulder posture of Portuguese adolescents (15-17 years old). The detraining effects after a 16-week period were also measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, randomized and controlled study was conducted in two secondary schools in Portugal. One hundred and thirty adolescents with forward head and protracted shoulder posture were randomly assigned to a control or experimental group. The sagittal head, cervical and shoulder angle were measured before and after a 32-week time intervention period. The control group (n = 46) did only the Physical Education classes whereas the exercise group (n = 42) received a posture corrective exercise programme in addition to Physical Education classes. A 16 week detraining period followed the 32-week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increase were observed in the cervical and shoulder angle in the experimental group following the 32 week-intervention period. After the 16-week detraining period no significant differences were observed in the three postural angles in the intervention group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The exercise intervention was successful at decreasing forward head and protracted shoulder in adolescents. Detraining period was not sufficient to reduce the overall training effects. This study supports the postural training and rehabilitation performed during Physical Education classes, with the aim of preventing and managing upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain. CLINICALTRIALS.
  NCT02190331.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: rodrigo.ruivo@netcabo.pt.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ruivo
authors.affiliation: CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal. Electronic address: acarita@fmh.ulisboa.pt.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Carita
authors.affiliation: CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal. Electronic address: ppezarat@fmh.ulisboa.pt.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pezarat-Correia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011174:Portugal; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055070:Resistance Training; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*
keywords: Detraining; Neck; Posture; Rehabilitation