title: Metabolic stress-induced joint inflammation and osteoarthritis.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disorder with several risk factors. Among them, obesity has a major impact on both loading and non-loading joints. Mechanical overload and activity of systemic inflammatory mediators derived from adipose tissue (adipokines, free fatty acids (FFA), reactive oxygen species (ROS)) provide clues to the increased incidence and prevalence of OA in obesity. Recently, research found greater OA prevalence and incidence in obese patients with cardiometabolic disturbances than "healthy" obese patients, which led to the description of a new OA phenotype - metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated OA. Indeed, individual metabolic factors (diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) may increase the risk of obesity-induced OA. This review discusses hypotheses based on pathways specific to a metabolic factor in MetS-associated OA, such as the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and glucose toxicity. A better understanding of these phenotypes based on risk factors will be critical for designing trials of this specific subset of OA.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Inserm UMR S_938, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DHU i2B, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Courties
authors.affiliation: SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sainitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gualillo
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Inserm UMR S_938, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DHU i2B, Paris, France. Electronic address: francis.berenbaum@sat.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berenbaum
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Inserm UMR S_938, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DHU i2B, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sellam
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines
keywords: Adipokines; Inflammation; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Osteoarthritis; Oxidative stress