title: Behind the Wheel: Predictors of Driving Exposure in Older Drivers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore and deepen understanding of factors influencing driving exposure for older drivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data on function and driving exposure from 1 week of driving were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 380 drivers aged 75 and older, residing in northwest Sydney, was recruited. Participants were required to be the primary drivers of their own vehicle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Driver function was evaluated using the DriveSafe and DriveAware clinic-based assessments to measure visual attention to the driving environment and awareness of driving ability. Demographic information was obtained through interview. An in-vehicle monitoring device with data logger and GPS receiver, was used to measure driving exposure in 362 of 380 participants' vehicles. Driving exposure outcomes were total distance driven, furthest distance traveled from home, and average trip length. Factors influencing these exposure outcomes were analyzed using generalized linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drivers typically drove 100 km in local and surrounding areas during the week. Function was predictive of all driving exposure outcomes. Drivers with lower levels of function drove fewer kilometers and took shorter trips closer to home. Age, health status, and personal circumstance (e.g., rural residence) also influenced exposure, but sex did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using objective measures, this study provides evidence that function, age, health status, and personal circumstance influence driving exposure of older drivers. Understanding how older people use driving to preserve their independence is important for exploring safe driving strategies for older people.
authors.affiliation: George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Kristy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coxon
authors.affiliation: George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.affiliation: George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Serigne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ivers
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.|School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keay
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001315:Australia; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014796:Visual Perception
keywords: community mobility; driving exposure; function; older drivers