title: Metabolite profiling during cold acclimation of Lolium perenne genotypes distinct in the level of frost tolerance.
abstract: Abiotic stresses, including low temperature, can significantly reduce plant yielding. The knowledge on the molecular basis of stress tolerance could help to improve its level in species of relatively high importance to agriculture. Unfortunately, the complex research performed so far mainly on model species and also, to some extent, on cereals does not fully cover the demands of other agricultural plants of temperate climate, including forage grasses. Two Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) genotypes with contrasting levels of frost tolerance, the high frost tolerant (HFT) and the low frost tolerant (LFT) genotypes, were selected for comparative metabolomic research. The work focused on the analysis of leaf metabolite accumulation before and after seven separate time points of cold acclimation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify amino acids (alanine, proline, glycine, glutamic and aspartic acid, serine, lysine and asparagine), carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose and trehalose) and their derivatives (mannitol, sorbitol and inositol) accumulated in leaves in low temperature. The observed differences in the level of frost tolerance between the analysed genotypes could be partially due to the time point of cold acclimation at which the accumulation level of crucial metabolite started to increase. In the HFT genotype, earlier accumulation was observed for proline and asparagine. The increased amounts of alanine, glutamic and aspartic acids, and asparagine during cold acclimation could be involved in the regulation of photosynthesis intensity in L. perenne. Among the analysed carbohydrates, only raffinose revealed a significant association with the acclimation process in this species.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.|Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 6, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bocian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zwierzykowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podluzna 3, 30-239, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rapacz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koczyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciesiołka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland. akos@igr.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kosmala
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D003080:Cold Temperature; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D008129:Lolium / Q000235:genetics*; D055442:Metabolome; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates
keywords: Amino acids; Carbohydrates; Cold acclimation; Frost tolerance; Lolium perenne; Metabolome profiling