title: Descriptions and presentations of sepsis - A qualitative content analysis of emergency calls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sepsis is a serious condition which requires early treatment. We often fail to recognize sepsis patients in the chain of prehospital care. Knowledge of how sepsis is expressed in calls to the emergency medical communication centre (EMCC) is limited. An increased understanding could lead to earlier identification of patients with sepsis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the descriptions of sepsis used during communication between the caller and the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  To achieve the aim of the study, an inductive approach of qualitative content analysis was used. In total, 29 consecutive patients, who arrived at the emergency department by ambulance and received a diagnosis of sepsis according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10, were included in the study. For each case, the corresponding emergency call recording from the EMCC was transcribed verbatim. Main categories and subcategories from the text were abstracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From fifteen subcategories, three main categories were abstracted: "Deterioration", "Physical signs and symptoms" and "Difficulties establishing satisfactory contact with the patient." The way laymen and professionals expressed themselves seemed to differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sepsis was described in terms of the physical symptoms, changes of condition and communication abilities of the patient. This knowledge could lead to the identification of keywords which could be incorporated in the decision tool used by the EMD to increase sepsis identification, but further research is required.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Institution of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: katarina.bohm@ki.se.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bohm
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Institution of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Section of Emergency Medicine, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kurland
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Institution of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartholdson
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Institution of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Section of Emergency Medicine, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castrèn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003142:Communication; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis; D013689:Telephone
keywords: Communication; Dispatching; Emergency medical services; Sepsis