title: Identification of inflammatory mediators in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression profile of intravitreous cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) in comparison with patients with only rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty RRDCD patients and 30 RRD patients were included in this case-control study. A multiplex bead-based immunoassay was performed to determine the expression of a wide range of 29 inflammatory mediators in undiluted vitreous from the patients. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test for nonparametric values and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the patients with RRD, intravitreous inflammatory mediators, including migration inhibitor factor (MIF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL4, CCL11, CCL17, CCL19, CCL22, CXCL9, CXCL8, soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3), and platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA), were upregulated in patients with RRDCD. After calibrating the factors duration of detachment, preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade, and presence or absence of macular hole, the PDGF-AA concentrations were not significantly different according to the multivariate logistic regression analysis. MIF and sICAM-1 markers were significantly different between the two groups and represented a forward stepwise logistic regression trend.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report to use multiplex bead analysis to investigate inflammatory mediators related to RRDCD. We proposed that the upregulated expression of these mediators may be involved in the inflammation process of RRDCD and that regulation of their expression may be potentially therapeutic by altering local inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University Afﬁliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University Afﬁliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Translational Medical Centre, Nanjing Medical University Afﬁliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Huiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University Afﬁliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Zhengwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University Afﬁliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Mengxi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University Afﬁliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D018836:Inflammation Mediators