title: Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays on Pectoralis major Muscle in Chicken (Gallus gallus ).
abstract: Thirteen reference genes were investigated to determine their stability to be used as a housekeeping in gene expression studies in skeletal muscle of chickens. Five different algorithms were used for ranking of reference genes and results suggested that individual rankings of the genes differed among them. The stability of the expression of reference genes were validated using samples obtained from the Pectoralis major muscle in chicken. Samples were obtained from chickens in different development periods post hatch and under different nutritional diets. For gene expression calculation the ΔΔCt approach was applied to compare relative expression of pairs of genes within each of 52 samples when normalized to mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II (MT-CO2) target gene. Our findings showed that hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1) are the most stable reference genes while transferrin receptor (TFRC) and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) ranked as the least stable genes in the Pectoralis major muscle of chickens. Moreover, our results revealed that HMBS and HPRT1 gene expression did not change due to dietary variations and thus it is recommended for accurate normalization of RT-qPCR data in chicken Pectoralis major muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudson
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta P M
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula G
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Haniel C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mike V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Dodson
authors.affiliation: Animal Biotechnology Laboratory-LABTEC, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone E F
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Animal Biotechnology Laboratory-LABTEC, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins