title: Helmet use in bicycle trauma patients: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, the increasing number of bicyclists has evoked the debate on use of bicycle helmet. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between helmet use and injury pattern in bicycle trauma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective population-based study of 186 patients treated for bicycle-related injuries at a Level 1 Trauma Centre in Sweden during a 3-year period. Data were collected from case records. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  43.5% of the 186 patients used a bicycle helmet at the time of the crash. Helmet users were less likely to get head and facial injuries in collisions than non-helmet users (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.07-0.8, and OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.3), whereas no difference was seen in single-vehicle accidents. The risk of limb injuries was higher among helmet users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-helmet use is associated with an increased risk of injury to head and face in collisions, whereas helmet use is associated with an increased risk of limb injuries in all types of crashes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. evelyne.zibung-hofmann@karolinska.se.|Gastrocentrum, P9:03, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden. evelyne.zibung-hofmann@karolinska.se.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zibung
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. louis.riddez@karolinska.se.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riddez
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. caroline.nordenvall@ki.se.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nordenvall
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries*; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bicycle helmet; Bicycle trauma; Facial injury; Head injury