title: Principles of Pharmacology and Toxicology Also Govern Effects of Chemicals on the Endocrine System.
abstract: The present debate on chemicals with Hormonal activity, often termed 'endocrine disruptors', is highly controversial and includes challenges of the present paradigms used in toxicology and in hazard identification and risk characterization. In our opinion, chemicals with hormonal activity can be subjected to the well-evaluated health risk characterization approach used for many years including adverse outcome pathways. Many of the points arguing for a specific approach for risk characterization of chemicals with hormonal activity are based on highly speculative conclusions. These conclusions are not well supported when evaluating the available information.
authors.affiliation: International Union of Toxicologists, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark;
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Autrup
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, New York, USA;
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Barile
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Bas J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Blaauboer
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany;
authors.forename: Gisela H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Degen
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; dekant@toxi.uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dekant
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany;
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat 'Rovira i Virgili', Reus, Spain;
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.affiliation: The Health Policy Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
authors.forename: Gio Batta
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.affiliation: Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany;
authors.forename: Helmuth
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greim
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany;
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hengstler
authors.affiliation: McLaughlin Centre for Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kacew
authors.affiliation: Toxicology, Hamburg, Germany;
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;
authors.forename: Olavi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pelkonen
authors.affiliation: Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki Finland;
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nico P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
mesh_terms: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors
keywords: endocrine disruptors; endocrine toxicology; regulatory/policy; risk assessment