title: Post-Activation Brain Warming: A 1-H MRS Thermometry Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Temperature plays a fundamental role for the proper functioning of the brain. However, there are only fragmentary data on brain temperature (T(br)) and its regulation under different physiological conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied T(br) in the visual cortex of 20 normal subjects serially with a wide temporal window under different states including rest, activation and recovery by a visual stimulation-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Thermometry combined approach. We also studied T(br) in a control region, the centrum semiovale, under the same conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual cortex mean baseline T(br) was higher than mean body temperature (37.38 vs 36.60, P<0.001). During activation Tbr remained unchanged at first and then showed a small decrease (-0.20 C°) around the baseline value. After the end of activation T(br) increased consistently (+0.60 C°) and then returned to baseline values after some minutes. Centrum semiovale T(br) remained unchanged through rest, visual stimulation and recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings have several implications, among them that neuronal firing itself is not a major source of heat release in the brain and that there is an aftermath of brain activation that lasts minutes before returning to baseline conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Center, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rango
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Center, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonifati
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Center, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Nereo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bresolin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D062125:Thermometry / Q000379:methods; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*