title: Are parents really attached to their adopted children?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychological studies found that adopted children suffer from lack of attachment relationships in life. It is important for new parents to understand the underlying concepts before they begin to comprehend behavior issues arising out of different turbulent situations in an adopted child's life. Attachment theory facilitates in comprehending the frame of mind of these children, when they come from emotionally turbulent backgrounds and how some, if not all behavior issues can be attempted to be resolved to recognize children better and to create a nurturing relationship between adopted child and new parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Focus group method was deployed to collect the data via un-restricted non-probability sampling approach; data was quantified for evaluating the hypotheses via t-test of equality of means. Cross cultural findings suggested that parents-adopted children relationship in terms of secure attachment is revealed more in non-working parents, female parents, children of 11-14 years and female children across stated nations while, the ambivalent, avoidant and disorganized attachments are found more in practice if parents are working & male parents and if foster children are male at large & of 15-18 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that the task of creating an enriched attachment relationship with an adopted child depends more on parents, normally non working parents and female parents while quality time and care is given somehow the other to young and female kids by either of the parents for establishing quality attachment. Quality time being bestowed to kids translates the category and intensity of parents- children associations.
authors.affiliation: Office of Research, Innovation & Commercialization- ORIC, Iqra University-IU, Main Campus, Karachi Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Imtiaz
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Subhani
authors.affiliation: Office of Research, Innovation & Commercialization- ORIC, Iqra University-IU, Main Campus, Karachi Pakistan.
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: State City University of New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Fariha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abrar
authors.affiliation: Iqra University-IU, Main Campus, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Akif
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hasan
keywords: Adopted children; Ambivalent attachment behavior; Attachment theory; Avoidant attachment behavior; Disorganized attachment behavior; Secure attachment behavior