title: The matrikine PGP as a potential biomarker in COPD.
abstract: The lack of a well-characterized biomarker for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased interest toward finding one, because this would provide potential insight into disease pathogenesis and progression. Since persistent neutrophilia is an important hallmark in COPD Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP), an extracellular matrix-derived neutrophil chemoattractant, has been suggested to be a potential biomarker in COPD. The purpose of this review is to critically examine both biological and clinical data related to the role of PGP in COPD, with particular focus on its role as a clinical biomarker and potential therapeutic target in disease. The data provided in this review will offer insight into the potential use of PGP as end point for future clinical studies in COPD lung disease. Following PGP levels during disease might serve as a guide for the progression of lung disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and m.abdulroda@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdul Roda
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fernstrand
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Redegeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: J Edwin
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Blalock
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaggar
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Folkerts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017572:Leukotriene A4 / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines; D017572:Leukotriene A4; D009842:Oligopeptides; C113164:prolyl-glycyl-proline; D011392:Proline
keywords: COPD; biomarker; lung disease; proline-glycine-proline; prolyl endopeptidase