title: A cluster randomized trial on improving nurses' detection and management of elder abuse and neglect (I-NEED): study protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe a trial protocol of an educational intervention for nurses to improve their awareness and practice in detecting and managing elder abuse and neglect.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Knowledgeable and skilful nurses are crucial amidst the growing numbers of maltreated older patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This trial is a multi-site, three-armed, community-based cluster randomized controlled trial with 6-months follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study will involve 390 community and registered nurses from government health clinics in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia (protocol approved in October 2013). This three-phased study, premised on the Precede-Proceed Model, comprises baseline focus group discussion and survey (Phase 1), development of training module (Phase 2) and implementation and evaluation of the training (Phase 3). Eligible participants will be randomized to the control group (continuous nursing education), intervention group A (face-to-face intensive training programme) or group B (face-to-face intensive training programme and an educational video). Outcome measures include improvement in knowledge and awareness on elder abuse and neglect and the number of cases identified and managed during follow-up. Data will be collected at baseline, immediate postintervention, 3- and 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this study will provide empirical support for the development of a training module for nurses on the detection and management of elder abuse and neglect, towards improving healthcare delivery and the well-being of vulnerable older adults. This study is funded by the University of Malaya Research Grant (RP001C-13HTM), (FL002-13SBS) and University of Malaya Grand Challenge (PEACE) Grant (GC001C-14HTM) awarded in May 2013, July 2013 and September 2014.
authors.affiliation: Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Debbie Ann
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.affiliation: Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Yuen
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.affiliation: Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noran Naqiah
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Hairi
authors.affiliation: University Malaya Primary Care Research Group, Department of Primary Care Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sajaratulnisah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Farizah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mohd Hairi
authors.affiliation: University Malaya Primary Care Research Group, Department of Primary Care Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fadzilah Hanum
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Mohd Mydin
authors.affiliation: Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Nur Illiani
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Maw Pin
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zainudin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mohd Ali
authors.affiliation: Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Suriyati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdul Aziz
authors.affiliation: Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rohaya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramli
authors.affiliation: Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rosmala
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.affiliation: Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zaiton
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lal Mohammad
authors.affiliation: Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norlela
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brownell
authors.affiliation: Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Awang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bulgiba
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001364:Awareness; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004506:Education, Nursing; D004552:Elder Abuse / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005851:Geriatric Nursing / Q000592:standards; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009732:Nursing Care / Q000379:methods*
keywords: education; elder abuse; geriatrics; neglect; nurses; nursing; older people