title: A Multi-country Study of the Household Willingness-to-Pay for Dengue Vaccines: Household Surveys in Vietnam, Thailand, and Colombia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rise in dengue fever cases and the absence of dengue vaccines will likely cause governments to consider various types of effective means for controlling the disease. Given strong public interests in potential dengue vaccines, it is essential to understand the private economic benefits of dengue vaccines for accelerated introduction of vaccines into the public sector program and private markets of high-risk countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A contingent valuation study for a hypothetical dengue vaccine was administered to 400 households in a multi-country setting: Vietnam, Thailand, and Colombia. All respondents received a description of the hypothetical dengue vaccine scenarios of 70% or 95% effectiveness for 10 or 30 years with a three dose series. Five price points were determined after pilot tests in order to reflect different local situations such as household income levels and general perceptions towards dengue fever. We adopted either Poisson or negative binomial regression models to calculate average willingness-to-pay (WTP), as well as median WTP. We found that there is a significant demand for dengue vaccines. The parametric median WTP is $26.4 ($8.8 per dose) in Vietnam, $70.3 ($23.4 per dose) in Thailand, and $23 ($7.7 per dose) in Colombia. Our study also suggests that respondents place more value on vaccinating young children than school age children and adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowing that dengue vaccines are not yet available, our study provides critical information to both public and private sectors. The study results can be used to ensure broad coverage with an affordable price and incorporated into cost benefit analyses, which can inform prioritization of alternative health interventions at the national level.
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Vittal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mogasale
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jacqueline K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mabel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carabali
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chukiat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sirivichayakul
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Dang Duc
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Anh
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Vu Dinh
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Thiem
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kriengsak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Limkittikul
authors.affiliation: Khanh Hoa Health Services, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Le Huu
authors.initials: le H
authors.lastname: Tho
authors.affiliation: Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ivan D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pornthep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chanthavanich
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Luiz J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Maskery
mesh_terms: D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003132:Commerce; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D053059:Dengue Vaccines / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D053059:Dengue Vaccines