title: Innate Immunity to Campylobacter jejuni in Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a postinfectious neuropathy most frequently caused by Campylobacter jejuni. Lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS), expressed by C. jejuni induce antibodies that cross-react with self-glycolipids in peripheral nerves, causing neuropathy. Less than 1 in 1,000 persons infected with C. jejuni develop GBS, and the factors that determine GBS susceptibility are poorly understood. We hypothesized that these persons have a high intrinsic dendritic cell (DC) response to C. jejuni LOS through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intrinsic DC responsiveness to C. jejuni LOS was investigated first in 20 healthy controls at three time points with a 3-month interval, and second in patients, who previously developed GBS after a C. jejuni infection (n = 27) and controls (n = 26).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DC response to C. jejuni LOS was highly variable between, but not within, healthy individuals, suggesting that intrinsic factors determine the magnitude of TLR4-mediated innate response. High responsiveness to C. jejuni LOS by former GBS patients was evidenced by increased expression of CD38 and CD40. Frequency of CD38, CD40 and type I interferon high responders was significantly increased in the GBS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that a strong response to TLR4 stimulation is a critical host condition for the development of GBS after an infection with C. jejuni.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huizinga
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Rijs
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Tio-Gillen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem Jan R
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fokkink
authors.affiliation: Medical Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Liesbeth E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bakker-Jonges
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geleijns
authors.affiliation: Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janneke N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Samsom
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Doorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Laman
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4