title: Patient-reported assessment of self-management strategies of health in cancer patients: development and validation of the Smart Management Strategy for Health Assessment Tool (SAT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Smart Management Strategy for Health Assessment Tool (SAT), which we developed to enable cancer patients to assess their self-management (SM) strategies of health by themselves.
  
  
  METHODS
  The development of the questionnaire included four phases: item generation, construction, pilot testing, and field testing. To assess the instrument's sensitivity and validity, we recruited 300 cancer patients from three Korean hospitals who were 18 or more years old and accustomed to using the Internet or email. Using the appropriate and priority criteria for pilot and field testing, we tightened the content and constructed the first version of the SAT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed the core strategies with 28 items, preparation strategies with 30 items, and implementation strategies with 33 items. Factor analysis of data from 300 patients resulted in core strategies with four factors, preparation strategies with five factors, and implementation strategies with six factors. All the SAT subscales demonstrated a high reliability with good internal consistency. The total scores of the three SAT sets differentiated participant groups well according to their stage of goal implementation and proportions of action of the 10 Rules for Highly Effective Health Behavior. Each factor of the three SAT sets correlated positively with the scores for additional assessment tool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SAT is a three-set, 16-factor, 91-item tool that assesses the SM strategies of health that patients use to overcome a crisis. Patients can use the SAT to assess their SM strategies of health and obtain feedback from clinicians in the practice setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyewon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Mok
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Wonshik
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Joo
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Gyun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eui Kyu
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Chie
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hak Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: June Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Zae Ill
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Zo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Eon
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University of College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Mog
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cancer; Oncology; Self-management; Strategy; Validation