title: Complete Genome Sequence and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Novel Pathogen Elizabethkingia anophelis in Response to Oxidative Stress.
abstract: Elizabethkingia anophelis is an emerging pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in neonates, severely immunocompromised and postoperative patients. The lack of genomic information on E. anophelis hinders our understanding of its mechanisms of pathogenesis. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of E. anophelis NUHP1 and assess its response to oxidative stress. Elizabethkingia anophelis NUHP1 has a circular genome of 4,369,828 base pairs and 4,141 predicted coding sequences. Sequence analysis indicates that E. anophelis has well-developed systems for scavenging iron and stress response. Many putative virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes were identified, underscoring potential host-pathogen interactions and antibiotic resistance. RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiling indicates that expressions of genes involved in synthesis of an yersiniabactin-like iron siderophore and heme utilization are highly induced as a protective mechanism toward oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Chrome azurol sulfonate assay verified that siderophore production of E. anophelis is increased in the presence of oxidative stress. We further showed that hemoglobin facilitates the growth, hydrogen peroxide tolerance, cell attachment, and biofilm formation of E. anophelis NUHP1. Our study suggests that siderophore production and heme uptake pathways might play essential roles in stress response and virulence of the emerging pathogen E. anophelis.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Su Chuen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: May Margarette Santillan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Salido
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Federico M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lauro
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Givskov
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore yangliang@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D041965:Flavobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D017262:Siderophores / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D017262:Siderophores
keywords: Elizabethkingia anophelis; genome; heme; iron siderophore; oxidative stress response; transcriptome