title: Exposure of vaccinated and naive cattle to natural challenge from buffalo-derived Theileria parva.
abstract: Integrative management of wildlife and livestock requires a clear understanding of the diseases transmitted between the two populations. The tick-borne protozoan parasite Theileria parva causes two distinct diseases in cattle, East Coast fever and Corridor disease, following infection with parasites derived from cattle or buffalo, respectively. In this study, cattle were immunized with a live sporozoite vaccine containing three T. parva isolates (the Muguga cocktail), which has been used extensively and successfully in the field to protect against cattle-derived T. parva infection. The cattle were exposed in a natural field challenge site containing buffalo but no other cattle. The vaccine had no effect on the survival outcome in vaccinated animals compared to unvaccinated controls: nine out of the 12 cattle in each group succumbed to T. parva infection. The vaccine also had no effect on the clinical course of the disease. A combination of clinical and post mortem observations and laboratory analyses confirmed that the animals died of Corridor disease. The results clearly indicate that the Muguga cocktail vaccine does not provide protection against buffalo-derived T. parva at this site and highlight the need to evaluate the impact of the composition of challenge T. parva populations on vaccine success in areas where buffalo and cattle are present.
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sitt
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
authors.forename: E Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ndambuki
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mwaura
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Njoroge
authors.affiliation: Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Private Bag, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya.
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Omondi
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 40241-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutinda
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 40241-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathenge
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 40241-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Giles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prettejohn
authors.affiliation: The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: W Ivan
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toye
keywords: Buffalo; Cattle; Muguga cocktail; Sporozoite; Theileria parva; Vaccine