title: Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.
abstract: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) develops from Barrett's esophagus (BE), wherein normal squamous epithelia is replaced by specialized intestinal metaplasia in response to chronic gastroesophageal acid reflux. BE can progress to low- and high-grade dysplasia, intramucosal, and invasive carcinoma. Both BE and EAC are characterized by loss of heterozygosity, aneuploidy, specific genetic mutations, and clonal diversity. Given the limitations of histopathology, genomic and epigenomic analyses may improve the precision of risk stratification. Assays to detect molecular alterations associated with neoplastic progression could be used to improve the pathologic assessment of BE/EAC and to select high-risk patients for more intensive surveillance.
authors.affiliation: R&D Department, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, S-111-Gastro, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kaz
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: wgrady@fhcrc.org.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stachler
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bass
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000782:Aneuploidy; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Aneuploidy; Barrett’s esophagus; Cancer genomics; DNA methylation; Esophageal adenocarcinoma; Genomic instability; LOH