title: East African pigs have a complex Indian, Far Eastern and Western ancestry.
abstract: In this study, we have characterized the mitochondrial diversity of 81 swine from Uganda. Median-joining network analysis of D-loop sequences from these individuals and others characterized in previous studies allowed us to determine that Ugandan pigs cluster with populations from the West (Europe/North Africa), Far East and India. In addition, partial sequencing of the Y-chromosome UTY locus in 18 Ugandan domestic pigs revealed the segregation of a single HY1 lineage that has a cosmopolitan distribution. A Western and Far Eastern ancestry for East African pigs had been already reported, but this is the first study demonstrating an additional contribution from the Indian porcine gene pool. This result is consistent with the high frequency of zebuine alleles in cattle from East Africa. The geographic coordinates of East Africa, at the crossroads of many trading routes that, through the ages, linked Europe, Africa and Asia, might explain the rich and complex genetic heritage of livestock native to this area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noce
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amills
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manunza
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muwanika
authors.affiliation: Department of Wildlife and Aquatic Resources, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muhangi
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Production and Marketing, Gulu District Local Government, P. O. Box 2, Gulu, Uganda.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aliro
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayega
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P. O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ademun
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sànchez
authors.affiliation: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Egbhalsaied
authors.affiliation: Departament de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercadé
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, School of BioSciences, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masembe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005788:Gene Pool; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics*; D014454:Uganda; D014998:Y Chromosome
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: genetic diversity; indian ancestry; introgression; ugandan pigs