title: Time-dependent effect of graphene on the structure, abundance, and function of the soil bacterial community.
abstract: The increased application of graphene raises concerns about its environmental impact, but little information is available on the effect of graphene on the soil microbial community. This study evaluated the impact of graphene on the structure, abundance and function of the soil bacterial community based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), pyrosequencing and soil enzyme activities. The results show that the enzyme activities of dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) esterase and the biomass of the bacterial populations were transiently promoted by the presence of graphene after 4 days of exposure, but these parameters recovered completely after 21 days. Pyrosequencing analysis suggested a significant shift in some bacterial populations after 4 days, and the shift became weaker or disappeared as the exposure time increased to 60 days. During the entire exposure process, the majority of bacterial phylotypes remained unaffected. Some bacterial populations involved in nitrogen biogeochemical cycles and the degradation of organic compounds can be affected by the presence of graphene.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Gaidi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. Electronic address: yteng@issas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Zhengao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D044822:Biodiversity; D018533:Biomass; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D017753:Ecosystem; D004950:Esterases / Q000737:chemistry; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D006108:Graphite; D004950:Esterases; D019793:Fluorescein
keywords: Enzyme activity; Graphene; Pyrosequencing; Soil microbial community