title: Biological invasion and biological control select for different life histories.
abstract: Biological invaders have long been hypothesized to exhibit the fast end of the life-history spectrum, with early reproduction and a short lifespan. Here, we examine the rapid evolution of life history within the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis. The species, once used as a biological control agent, is now a worldwide invader. We show that biocontrol populations have evolved a classic fast life history during their maintenance in laboratories. Invasive populations also reproduce earlier than native populations, but later than biocontrol ones. Invaders allocate more resources to reproduction than native and biocontrol individuals, and their reproduction is spread over a longer lifespan. This life history is best described as a bet-hedging strategy. We assert that invasiveness cannot be explained only by invoking faster life histories. Instead, the evolution of life history within invasive populations can progress rapidly and converge to a fine-tuned evolutionary match between the invaded environment and the invader.
authors.affiliation: UMR CBGP, INRA, 34000 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tayeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioagricultural Science and Pest Management, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado CO 80526-1177, USA.
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hufbauer
authors.affiliation: UMR CBGP, INRA, 34000 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Estoup
authors.affiliation: 1] UMR BGPI, CIRAD, 34000 Montpellier, France [2] UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 97410 Saint Pierre, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ravigné
authors.affiliation: 1] UMR CBGP, INRA, 34000 Montpellier, France [2] INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France [3] CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: Léa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frachon
authors.affiliation: 1] UMR CBGP, INRA, 34000 Montpellier, France [2] UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 97410 Saint Pierre, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Facon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001517:Coleoptera; D058865:Introduced Species; D008017:Life Expectancy; D012098:Reproduction; D012641:Selection, Genetic