title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Gadofluorine P and Gd-DOTA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the performance of Gadofluorine P-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the diagnosis of diabetes in a streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fischer 344 rats were treated with STZ. Rats not treated with STZ served as controls. T1-weighted MRI was performed using a 3T scanner before and after the injection of Gd-DOTA or Gadofluorine P (6 diabetic rats, 5 controls). The normalized signal intensity (SI) and the enhancement ratio (ER) of the pancreas were measured at each time point, and the values were compared between the normal and diabetic rats using the Mann-Whitney test. In addition, the values were correlated with the mean islet number. Optimal cut-off values were calculated using a positive test based on receiver operating characteristics. Intrapancreatic Gd concentration after the injection of each contrast media was measured using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in a separate set of rats (4 diabetic rats, 4 controls for Gadofluorine P; 2, 2 for Gd-DOTA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The normalized SI and ER of the pancreas using Gd-DOTA were not significantly different between diabetic rats and controls. With Gadofluorine P, the values were significantly higher in the diabetic rats than in the control rats 30 min after injection (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve that differentiated diabetic rats from the control group was greater for Gadofluorine P than for Gd-DOTA (0.967 vs 0.667, P = 0.085). An increase in normalized SI 30 min after Gadofluorine P was correlated with a decrease in the mean number of islets (r (2) = 0.510, P = 0.014). Intra-pancreatic Gd was higher in rats with Gadofluorine P injection than Gd-DOTA injection (Gadofluorine P vs Gd-DOTA, 7.37 vs 0.00, P < 0.01). A significant difference in the concentration of intrapancreatic Gd was observed between the control and diabetic animals that were sacrificed 30 min after Gadofluorine P injection (control vs diabetic, 3.25 ng/g vs 10.55 ng/g, P < 0.05) CONCLUSION: In this STZ-induced diabetes rat model, Gadofluorine P-enhanced MRI of the pancreas showed high accuracy in the diagnosis of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Youkyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doble
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Gi
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyong Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Hye Rim Cho, Youkyung Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Woo Kyung Moon, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Kyung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001706:Biopsy; D003287:Contrast Media; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C000604509:gadofluorine P; C050823:gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate
keywords: Gadofluorine P; Gd-DOTA; Magnetic resonance contrast media; Pancreas; Type 1 diabetes