title: Effect of Carbohydrate and Caffeine Ingestion on Badminton Performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of ingesting carbohydrate and caffeine solutions on measures that are central to success in badminton.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve male badminton players performed a badminton serve-accuracy test, coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT), and a choice reaction-time sprint test 60 min before exercise. Participants then consumed 7 mL/kg body mass of either water (PLA), 6.4% carbohydrate solution (CHO), a solution containing a caffeine dose of 4 mg/kg, or 6.4% carbohydrate and 4 mg/kg caffeine (C+C). All solutions were flavored with orange-flavored concentrate. During the 33-min fatigue protocol, participants were provided with an additional 3 mL/kg body mass of solution, which was ingested before the end of the protocol. As soon as the 33-min fatigue protocol was completed, all measures were recorded again.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short-serve accuracy was improved after the ingestion of CHO and C+C compared with PLA (P = .001, η(p)(2) = .50). Long-serve accuracy was improved after the ingestion of C+C compared with PLA (P < .001, η(p)(2) = .53). Absolute error in CAT demonstrated smaller deteriorations after the ingestion of C+C compared with PLA (P < .05; slow, η(p)(2) = .41; fast, η(p)(2) = .31). Choice reaction time improved in all trials with the exception of PLA, which demonstrated a reduction (P < .001, η(p)(2) = .85), although C+C was faster than all trials (P < .001, η(p)(2) = .76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the ingestion of a caffeinated carbohydrate solution before and during a badminton match can maintain serve accuracy, anticipation timing, and sprinting actions around the court.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Applied Sciences and Health, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: Neil D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015865:Racquet Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002110:Caffeine