title: Stool Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening.
abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has been shown to reduce CRC incidence and mortality and is widely recommended. However, despite the demonstrated benefits of screening and ongoing efforts to improve screening rates, a large percentage of the population remains unscreened. Noninvasive stool based tests offer great opportunity to enhance screening uptake. The evidence supporting the use of both fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and stool DNA (sDNA) has been growing rapidly and both tests are now commercially available for use. Other stool biomarkers (eg, RNA and protein based) are also actively under study both for use independently and as adjuncts to the currently available tests. This mini review provides current, state of the art knowledge about noninvasive stool based screening. It includes a more detailed examination of those tests currently in use (ie, FIT and sDNA) but also provides an overview of stool testing options under development (ie, protein and RNA).
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, and Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth Institute, Hanover, New Hampshire. Electronic address: douglas.robertson@va.gov.
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Center of Innovation, Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Imperiale
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces; D006801:Humans; D007120:Immunochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers; Colorectal Cancer Screening; Fecal Immunochemical Test; Stool DNA