title: The use of sodium tetradecyl sulphate for the treatment of venous malformations of the head and neck.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular malformations have devastating cosmetic effects in addition to being associated with pain and bleeding. Sclerotherapy has been used as an effective therapeutic modality for the management of vascular malformations. The purpose of this case series is to describe our clinical experience of using sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) 3 % in the treatment of venous malformation lesions of head and neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients were included in this study (three male and ten female; age range between 8 months and 54 years; mean age 18.2 years, ±SD 15.71). The patients were treated by 3 % STS intralesional injections. Of the thirteen patients treated, complete resolution occurred in four patients (28.57 %), a good response occurred in five patients (35.7 %), a moderate response in two patients (14.28 %), a mild response in two patients (14.28 %) and no response in one patient (7.14 %). The side effects encountered in all patients were pain and edema after injection which was controlled by oral analgesics and an intramuscular injection of dexamethasone. In addition, two patients developed a superficial ulceration (11.76 %) which healed uneventfully, and one patient developed ecchymosis after injection (5.88 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sclerotherapy with 3 % STS is a simple, safe, and effective modality for the treatment of venous malformations.
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Surgery, Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq ; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, 2124 Cornell rd., Cleveland, OH USA ; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2124 Cornell rd., Cleveland, OH 44106-4905 USA.
authors.forename: Xena
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Alakailly
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Surgery, Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kummoona
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, 2124 Cornell rd., Cleveland, OH USA.
authors.forename: Faisal A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Quereshy
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, 2124 Cornell rd., Cleveland, OH USA.
authors.forename: Dale A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Baur
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, 2124 Cornell rd., Cleveland, OH USA.
authors.forename: Ariadne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: González
keywords: Head and neck; STS; Sclerotherapy; Sotradecol; Vascular malformations (VM); Venous malformation (VnM)