title: FHL1 inhibits the growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells via G1/S cell cycle arrest.
abstract: Four and a half LIM protein 1 (FHL1) has been characterized as a tumor suppressor in various types of tumor. However, the biological function and underlying mechanism of FHL1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that FHL1 inhibits anchorage‑dependent and ‑independent growth of TSCC cells in vitro and tumor growth in nude mice, as determined by cell proliferation and soft agar assays. Knockdown of FHL1 with FHL1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) promoted tumor growth in nude mice. Mechanistically, flow cytometric analysis showed that knockdown of FHL1 promoted G1/S cell cycle progression. Furthermore, expression of cell cycle‑associated regulators, cyclin D and cyclin E, were detected by western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cyclin D and cyclin E were markedly elevated at both the protein and mRNA level in the FHL1 siRNA‑transfected cells. These results suggested that FHL1 has a tumor suppressive role in TSCC and that FHL1 may be a useful target for TSCC gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Anqing Municipal Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui 246003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Anqing Municipal Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui 246003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Panfeng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Peiyun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhenyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Beijing 100000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fengjun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lisheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qinong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Anqing Municipal Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui 246003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Enqun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D056741:Cyclin D / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D059807:S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D056741:Cyclin D; D019927:Cyclin E; C101149:FHL1 protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering