title: Housing under abnormal light-dark cycles attenuates day/night expression rhythms of the clock genes Per1, Per2, and Bmal1 in the amygdala and hippocampus of mice.
abstract: Although the results of previous studies have suggested that disruptions in circadian rhythms are involved in the pathogenesis of depression, no studies have examined the interaction of clock gene expression deficit and depression state. In this study, we examined clock gene expression levels and depressive-like behavior in mice housed under 3.5h light, 3.5h dark (T = 7) conditions to investigate the association between clock gene expression and depressive state. C57BL/6J mice were housed under a T = 24 cycle (12h light, 12h dark) or a T = 7 cycle and clock gene expression levels in the hippocampus and the amygdala were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Depressive state was evaluated by the forced swim test (FST). Although circadian rhythms of Per1 and Per2 clock gene expression in the hippocampus and amygdala were still detected under T = 7 conditions, rhythmicity and expression levels of both significantly decreased. Mice housed with a T = 7 cycle showed increased immobile time in the FST than those with a T = 24 cycle. The present results suggest that the presence of a depressive state around the early active phase of activity may be related to impairment of rhythmicity and expression levels of Per1 and Per2 genes under abnormal light-dark conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ishigooka
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan. Electronic address: shibatas@waseda.jp.
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006798:Housing; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017440:Photoperiod
chemical_list: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; C538961:Bmal1 protein, mouse; C539023:Per1 protein, mouse; C513312:Per2 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins
keywords: Abnormal light cycle; Amygdala; Circadian rhythm; Clock gene; Depressive state