title: 9-cis-13,14-Dihydroretinoic Acid Is an Endogenous Retinoid Acting as RXR Ligand in Mice.
abstract: The retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors which heterodimerize with a number of nuclear hormone receptors, thereby controlling a variety of (patho)-physiological processes. Although synthetic RXR ligands are developed for the treatment of various diseases, endogenous ligand(s) for these receptors have not been conclusively identified. We show here that mice lacking cellular retinol binding protein (Rbp1-/-) display memory deficits reflecting compromised RXR signaling. Using HPLC-MS and chemical synthesis we identified in Rbp1-/- mice reduced levels of 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), which acts as an RXR ligand since it binds and transactivates RXR in various assays. 9CDHRA rescues the Rbp1-/- phenotype similarly to a synthetic RXR ligand and displays similar transcriptional activity in cultured human dendritic cells. High endogenous levels of 9CDHRA in mice indicate physiological relevance of these data and that 9CDHRA acts as an endogenous RXR ligand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary; Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rühl
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Inserm, U 964; CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krzyżosiak
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Inserm, U 964; CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niewiadomska-Cimicka
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Inserm, U 964; CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Natacha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rochel
authors.affiliation: DE-MTA "Lendület" Immunogenomics Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szeles
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica and CINBIO, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Inserm, U 964; CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wietrzych-Schindler
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica and CINBIO, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szklenar
authors.affiliation: DE-MTA "Lendület" Immunogenomics Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica and CINBIO, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: de Lera
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Inserm, U 964; CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krężel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054840:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C503916:13,14-dihydroretinoic acid; D008024:Ligands; C518457:Rbp1 protein, mouse; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D054840:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular; D014212:Tretinoin