title: Hybrid procedure for orbital venous malformation in the endovascular operation room.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a hybrid procedure for orbital venous malformation in the endovascular operating room (EVOR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five consecutive patients with venous malformation in the periocular and orbital region were included. All patients received a one-stage direct puncture venogram, image-guided glue injection, and surgical resection in the EVOR equipped with a biplane digital subtraction angiography system (BDSAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at the time of operation was 37.4 years (range, 22-69 years). The mean operative time was 193 min (range, 138-324 min). No intraoperative complications were noted. The mean follow-up duration was 18.8 months (range, 10-24 months). Three patients had complete removal of the vascular lesions. At the latest follow-up, no recurrence of symptoms related to the lesions was noted. All patients had an uneventful recovery and satisfactory outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hybrid procedure of orbital venous malformation in the EVOR is a novel application in ophthalmology. It is a safe and well-controlled procedure with real-time high-quality BDSAS surveillance to facilitate surgical resection. Its success requires collaboration between the interventional radiologist, the surgeon, and the ophthalmologist.
authors.affiliation: 1] Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: A C O
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: 1] Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: E Y M
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1] Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: T C Y
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: 1] Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: A C W
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: P C M
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: W W L
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: D H S
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: 1] Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: H K L
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yuen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult