title: Chitosan enriched three-dimensional matrix reduces inflammatory and catabolic mediators production by human chondrocytes.
abstract: This in vitro study investigated the metabolism of human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes encapsulated in a spherical matrix enriched of chitosan. Human OA chondrocytes were encapsulated and cultured for 28 days either in chitosan-alginate beads or in alginate beads. The beads were formed by slowly passing dropwise either the chitosan 0.6%-alginate 1.2% or the alginate 1.2% solution through a syringe into a 102 mM CaCl2 solution. Beads were analyzed histologically after 28 days. Interleukin (IL)-6 and -8, prostaglandin (PG) E2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), hyaluronan and aggrecan were quantified directly in the culture supernatant by specific ELISA and nitric oxide (NO) by using a colorimetric method based on the Griess reaction. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that chitosan was homogeneously distributed through the matrix and was in direct contact with chondrocytes. The production of IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-3 by chondrocytes significantly decreased in chitosan-alginate beads compared to alginate beads. PGE2 and NO decreased also significantly but only during the first three days of culture. Hyaluronan and aggrecan production tended to increase in chitosan-alginate beads after 28 days of culture. Chitosan-alginate beads reduced the production of inflammatory and catabolic mediators by OA chondrocytes and tended to stimulate the synthesis of cartilage matrix components. These particular effects indicate that chitosan-alginate beads are an interesting scaffold for chondrocytes encapsulation before transplantation to repair cartilage defects.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oprenyeszk
authors.affiliation: Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean-Emile
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dubuc
authors.affiliation: KitoZyme SA, Parc industriel des Haut-Sarts, Herstal, Belgium.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maquet
authors.affiliation: Group of Research in Energy and Environment from Materials and Center for Applied Technology in Microscopy, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henrist
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional and Evolutive Morphology, Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Compère
authors.affiliation: Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Henrotin
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048271:Chitosan; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D015232:Dinoprostone