title: Gene expression of cytokines, growth factors and apoptosis regulators in a neonatal model of pulmonary stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Right ventricular remodeling due to pulmonary stenosis increases morbidity in children. Its pathophysiology needs to be clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six newborn lambs underwent pulmonary arterial banding, seven sham operation. mRNA encoding for cytokines, growth factors and regulators of apoptosis was sequentially measured in myocardium and blood before and up to 12 weeks postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experimental animals showed hypertrophy and fibrosis of the right ventricular myocardium, myocardial over-expression of CT-1-mRNA and higher blood concentrations of mRNA encoding for VEGF, TGF-β, Bak and BcL-xL than controls, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal pulmonary stenosis leads to myocardial hypertrophy that is associated with CT-1 gene expression and with activation of growth- and apoptosis pathways in blood cells.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Liersch
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sachweh
authors.affiliation: 3Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Benita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hermanns-Sachweh
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heying
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jaime F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Jimènez
authors.forename: Adelin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: 6Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Seghaye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D004247:DNA
keywords: apoptosis; congenital cardiac disease; cytokines; experimental model; growth factors; myocardial; myocardial hypertrophy; pulmonary stenosis; remodeling