title: Polymorphisms and plasma levels of IL-27: impact on genetic susceptibility and clinical outcome of bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-27 (IL-27) has been recognized as a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Few studies have investigated polymorphisms and serum/plasma levels of IL-27 in diseases including cancers. This study has analyzed the associations of IL-27 gene polymorphisms, as well as plasma levels of IL-27, with susceptibility to bladder cancer and clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and thirty-two patients (nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)/muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC): 176/156) included in a 60-month follow-up program and 499 controls were enrolled. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs153109 and rs17855750, were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Plasma concentration of IL-27 was determined by ELISA in 124 patients (NMIBC/MIBC: 50/74) and 151 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased risk for bladder cancer was associated with AG/GG genotypes of rs153109 (P = 0.029). No GG genotype of rs17855750 was observed in controls, while 4 patients were found to be GG homozygotes, suggesting GG genotype may be associated with bladder cancer risk (P = 0.006). For bladder cancer patients, SNP rs17855750 was also associated with increased risk for MIBC. For MIBC patients, but not NMIBC, TG/GG genotypes of rs17855750 turned out to be a protective factor for overall survival (P = 0.035). Significantly reduced plasma levels of IL-27 were observed in both NMIBC and MIBC patients compared with controls (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that polymorphisms and reduced plasma levels of IL-27 may predict the susceptibility to bladder cancer, and rs17855750 may be a useful marker to distinguish patients with high risk of death.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China. zb630@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China. zpeng2001@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P R China. cdzt2004@163.com.
authors.forename: Tielong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Sichuan, Chengdu, P R China. liaohong131@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China. newman-zhk@163.com.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China. puyan289@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China. 276538406@qq.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China. songyaping86@163.com.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China. zhanglin@scu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D064094:Interleukin-27 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D064094:Interleukin-27