title: Blood grouping based on PCR methods and agarose gel electrophoresis.
abstract: The study of erythrocyte antigens continues to be an intense field of research, particularly after the development of molecular testing methods. More than 300 specificities have been described by the International Society for Blood Transfusion as belonging to 33 blood group systems. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a central tool for red blood cells (RBC) genotyping. PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis are low cost, easy, and versatile in vitro methods for amplifying defined target DNA (RBC polymorphic region). Multiplex-PCR, AS-PCR (Specific Allele Polymerase Chain Reaction), and RFLP-PCR (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Polymerase Chain Reaction) techniques are usually to identify RBC polymorphisms. Furthermore, it is an easy methodology to implement. This chapter describes the PCR methodology and agarose gel electrophoresis to identify the polymorphisms of the Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and MNS blood group systems.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, anamsell@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: Jeane Eliete Laguila
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Visentainer
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens