title: Positive effects of β-amyrin on pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice via GABAergic neurotransmitter system.
abstract: Sleep loss, insomnia, is considered a sign of imbalance of physiological rhythm, which can be used as pre-clinic diagnosis of various neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study is to understand the pharmacological actions of α- or β-amyrin, natural triterpene compound, on the sleep in mice. To analyze the sleeping behavior, we used the well-known pentobarbital-induced sleeping model after single administration of either α- or β-amyrin. The sleeping onset time was remarkably decreased and duration was prolonged by β-amyrin (1, 3, or 10mg/kg) but not by α-amyrin (1, 3, or 10mg/kg). These effects were significantly blocked by GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline. Moreover, β-amyrin increased brain GABA level compared to the vehicle administration. Overall, the present study suggests that β-amyrin would enhance the total sleeping behavior in pentobarbital-induced sleeping model via the activation of GABAergic neurotransmitter system through GABA content in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Qingtao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Natraceutical & Functional Foods Center, CJ Foods R&D, Seoul 152-051, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunyoung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and KU open innovation center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhryu63@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010424:Pentobarbital; D011897:Random Allocation; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000068776:Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D064690:Wakefulness-Promoting Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D000068776:Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical; D064690:Wakefulness-Promoting Agents; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D010424:Pentobarbital; C036380:beta-amyrin; D001640:Bicuculline
keywords: GABA(A) neurotransmitter; Pentobarbital model; Sleep; α-Amyrin; β-Amyrin