title: Care of diabetes in children and adolescents: controversies, changes, and consensus.
abstract: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic medical disorders in children. The management of diabetes remains a substantial burden on children with diabetes and their families, despite improvements in treatment and rates of morbidity and mortality. Although most children with diabetes have type 1 diabetes, the increasing recognition of type 2 diabetes and genetic forms of diabetes in the paediatric population has important treatment implications. Diabetes therapy focuses strongly on targets for good metabolic control to reduce the risk of long-term complications. A parallel goal is to minimise short-term complications of hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. Technology offers opportunity for improvement in care, but has not yet fully lived up to its potential. New insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes and the development of new therapies have led to clinical trials aimed at the prevention of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Hormone Research, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Fergus J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: diane.wherrett@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Diane K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Wherrett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D032921:Consensus; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D008017:Life Expectancy; D015995:Prevalence; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents