title: Xenopus Cytogenetics and Chromosomal Evolution.
abstract: The genus Xenopus represents important model organisms in the field of developmental biology and chromosomal evolution. Developmental processes are tightly coupled with the analysis of gene function via genetic linkage and mapping. Cytogenetic techniques such as chromosome banding or FISH are essential tools for the determination of gene position and subsequently for the construction of linkage and physical maps. Here, we present a summary of key achievements in X. tropicalis and X. laevis cytogenetics with emphasis on the gene localization to chromosomes. The second part of this review is focused on the chromosomal evolution regarding both above-mentioned species. With respect to methodology, hybridization techniques such as FISH and chromosome-specific painting FISH are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krylov
authors.forename: Tereza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tlapakova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D020223:Chromosome Painting; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004171:Diploidy; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005819:Genetic Markers; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D016678:Genome; D009865:Oocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013045:Species Specificity; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences; D057891:Tetraploidy; D014981:Xenopus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers