title: Remote ischemic conditioning and renal function after contrast-enhanced CT scan: A randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Remote ischemic conditioning has been shown to protect against kidney injury in animal and human studies of ischemia-reperfusion. Recent evidence suggests that conditioning may also provide protection against kidney injury caused by contrast medium. The purpose of this study was to determine if conditioning protected against increases in serum creatinine (SCr) after contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised controlled trial (NCT 01741896) was performed with institutional review board approval and informed patient consent. Adult in-patients undergoing abdomino-pelvic CECT were allocated to conditioned or control groups. Conditioning consisted of four cycles of five minutes of cuff-induced arm ischemia with three minutes of reperfusion applied ~40 minutes before CECT. The primary outcome was SCr change after CECT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. For all patients, conditioning reduced the risk ratio (RR) of increased SCr; RR 0.65 (95% confidence intervals 0.41 to 1.04). The protective effect was greater and the evidence for protection stronger when analysis was restricted to patients with pre-scan reduced renal function (eGFR.
authors.affiliation: . donagh1@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Donagh A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Feeley
authors.forename: Cillian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Scanlon
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hodnett
authors.forename: Austin G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Stack
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clarke Moloney
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whittaker
authors.forename: Stewart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003404:Creatinine