title: Phylogenetic Analysis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in South Korea and Migratory Bird Routes Between China, South Korea, and Japan.
abstract: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne viral disease. The SFTS virus (SFTSV) has been detected in the Haemaphysalis longicornis, which acts as a transmission host between animals and humans. SFTSV was first confirmed in China in 2009 and has also been circulating in Japan and South Korea. However, it is not known if a genetic connection exists between the viruses in these regions and, if so, how SFTSV is transmitted across China, South Korea, and Japan. We therefore hypothesize that the SFTSV in South Korea share common phylogenetic origins with samples from China and Japan. Further, we postulate that migratory birds, well-known carriers of the tick H. longicornis, are a potential source of SFTSV transmission across countries. Our phylogenetic analysis results show that the SFTSV isolates in South Korea were similar to isolates from Japan and China. We connect this with previous work showing that SFTSV-infected H. longicornis were found in China, South Korea, and Japan. In addition, H. longicornis were found on migratory birds. The migratory bird routes and the distribution of H. longicornis are concurrent with the occurrence of SFTSV. Therefore, we suggest that migratory birds play an important role in dispersing H. longicornis-borne SFTSV.
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yeojun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sang Taek
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gwanghun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hewson
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hyemin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dahee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nam-Hyuk
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Won Sup
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Seong Yeol
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ki Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jolyon M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Medlock
authors.affiliation: Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Infectious Disease, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Virology and Pathogenesis Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury Wiltshire, United Kingdom yomust7@jejunu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Keun Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D001717:Birds / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology*; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004199:Disease Vectors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018884:Ixodes / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016856:Phlebovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction