title: Strengthening Indonesia's health workforce through partnerships.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Indonesia faces critical challenges pertaining to human resources for health (HRH). These relate to HRH policy, planning, mismatch between production and demand, quality, renumeration, and mal-distribution. This paper provides a state of the art review of the existing conditions in Indonesia, innovations to tackle the problems, results of the innovations to date, and a picture of the on-going challenges that have yet to be met.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reversing this crisis level shortage of HRH requires an inclusive approach to address the underlying challenges. In 2010 the government initiated multi-stakeholder coordination for HRH, using the Country Coordination and Facilitation approach. The process requires committed engagement and coordination of relevant stakeholders to address priority health needs. This manuscript is a formative evaluation of the program using documentary study and analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with Indonesia's decentralized health system, since 2011 local governments also started establishing provincial multi-stakeholder committees and working groups for HRH development. Through this multi-stakeholder approach with high level government support and leadership, Indonesia was able to carry out HRH planning by engaging 164 stakeholders. Multi-stakeholder coordination has produced positive results in Indonesia by bringing about a number of innovations in HRH development to achieve UHC, fostered partnerships, attracted international attention, and galvanized multi-stakeholder support in improving the HRH situation. This approach also has facilitated mobilizing technical and financial support from domestic and international partners for HRH development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applying the multi-stakeholder engagement and coordination process in Indonesia has proved instrumental in advancing the country's work to achieve Universal Health Coverage and the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. Indonesia continues to face an HRH crisis but the collaborative process provides an opportunity to achieve results. Indonesia's experience indicates that irrespective of geographical or economic status, countries can benefit from multi-stakeholder coordination and engagement to increase access to health workers, strengthen health systems, as well as achieve and sustain UHC.
authors.affiliation: HRH Planning Division, Center for Planning and Management of Human Resources for Health, BDEHRH, Ministry of Health, Indonesia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurniati
authors.affiliation: Webster University, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: ellenrosskam@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosskam
authors.affiliation: Global Partnerships, Global Health Workforce Alliance, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Indonesia.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Suryowinoto
authors.affiliation: Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mukti
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006280:Health Workforce / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D009936:Organizational Innovation
keywords: Health policy; Health systems strengthening; Health workers; Indonesia; Multi-stakeholder coordination; Universal health coverage