title: Attenuation of the haemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation with gabapentin, fentanyl and a combination of both: A randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled clinical trial to examine (1) whether a single preoperative dose of 800 mg gabapentin would be as effective as 2 μg/kg of intravenous (IV) fentanyl in blunting the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation and (2) whether a combination of both would be more effective in this regard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five patients (American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I), aged 20-50 years were allocated into one of three groups: 2 μg/kg IV fentanyl, 800 mg oral gabapentin or a combination of both. Gabapentin was administered 2 h and fentanyl 5 min before induction of anaesthesia, which was achieved with 5 mg/kg thiopentone, and tracheal intubation facilitated with 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium. Laryngoscopy lasting a maximum of 30 s was attempted 3 min after administration of the induction agents. Serial values of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were compared among the three groups and with the respective preinduction measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients receiving gabapentin 800 mg alone showed remarkable increases in HR and MAP in response to tracheal intubation (P < 0.05). The increases were similar for the other two regimens. These haemodynamic changes were lesser in patients receiving fentanyl and the combination of gabapentin and fentanyl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral gabapentin does not produce significant reduction in laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation induced sympathetic responses as compared to IV fentanyl or the combination of gabapentin and fentanyl.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Satyen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parida
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Niyaz Channanath
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Jibin Sam
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Ashok Shankar
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Badhe
keywords: Gabapentin; haemodynamic response; intubation