title: Clinical evaluation of image quality and radiation dose reduction in upper abdominal computed tomography using model-based iterative reconstruction; comparison with filtered back projection and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the image quality of upper abdominal CT images reconstructed with model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) in comparison with filtered back projection (FBP) and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) on scans acquired with various radiation exposure dose protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was approved by our institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained from all 90 patients who underwent both control-dose (CD) and reduced-dose (RD) CT of the upper abdomen (unenhanced: n=45, contrast-enhanced: n=45). The RD scan protocol was randomly selected from three protocols; Protocol A: 12.5% dose, Protocol B: 25% dose, Protocol C: 50% dose. Objective image noise, signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio for the liver parenchyma, visual image score and lesion conspicuity were compared among CD images of FBP and RD images of FBP, ASIR and MBIR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RD images of MBIR yielded significantly lower objective image noise and higher SNR compared with RD images of FBP and ASIR for all protocols (P<.01) and CD images of FBP for Protocol C (P<.05). Although the subjective image quality of RD images of MBIR was almost acceptable for Protocol C, it was inferior to that of CD images of FBP for Protocols A and B (P<.0083). The conspicuity of the small lesions in RD images of MBIR tended to be superior to that in RD images of FBP and ASIR and inferior to that in CD images for Protocols A and B, although the differences were not significant (P>.0083).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although 12.5%-dose MBIR images (mean size-specific dose estimates [SSDE] of 1.13mGy) yielded objective image noise and SNR comparable to CD-FBP images, at least a 50% dose (mean SSDE of 4.63mGy) would be needed to maintain the subjective image quality and the lesion conspicuity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Osaka, Suita Zip: 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: a-nakamoto@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Osaka, Suita Zip: 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: kim@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tonsok
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Osaka, Suita Zip: 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: mhori@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Osaka, Suita Zip: 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: h-onishi@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Osaka, Suita Zip: 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: t-tsuboyama@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuboyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Osaka, Suita Zip: 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: m-sakane@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakane
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Osaka, Suita Zip: 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: m-tatsumi@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Osaka, Suita Zip: 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: tomiyama@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Computed tomography; Dose reduction; Liver; Model-based iterative reconstruction