title: Urologic and male genital manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
abstract: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis, which predominantly affects small-sized blood vessels. Major organ involvement includes the upper/lower respiratory tract and kidneys. In contrast, genitourinary disease is rare in GPA patients, reported in <1% of cases in large cohorts. Manifestations at this level include prostatitis, destructive urethritis, genital ulcers, orchitis and renal masses. Also, high-dose cyclophosphamide, one of the main immunosuppressive drugs used for GPA treatment, is associated with bladder toxicity, i.e., hemorrhagic cystitis and cancer. Here, we review the main urogenital symptoms associated with this ANCA-associated vasculitis. In addition, cyclophosphamide-induced urologic complications are detailed.
authors.affiliation: Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alba
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, UMAE, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno-Palacios
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beça
authors.affiliation: Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mccid@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cid
mesh_terms: D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006470:Hemorrhage; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: ANCA-vasculitis; Bladder toxicity; Cyclophosphamide; Granulomatosis with polyangiitis; Urogenital system; Wegener's granulomatosis