title: Proteomic and Epigenetic Analyses of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Petals Between Red and White cultivars.
abstract: Lotus is a vital aquatic ornamental plant with different flower colors. To explore the flower coloration mechanism in lotus, the constituents and contents of pigments in two lotus cultivars with red and white flowers were analyzed. Although flavones and flavonols were detected in both cultivars, anthocyanins could only be detected in the red cultivar. A comparative proteomics analysis on the flower petals between these two cultivars was conducted. A total of 88 differentially expressed proteins were identified with 36 more abundant and 52 less abundant in the red than in the white cultivar. Among them, four enzymes involved in the anthocyanin pathway were identified, i.e. flavanone 3-hydroxylase, anthocyanidin synthase, anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase. Analysis of the expression patterns of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes indicated that the anthocyanindin synthase (ANS) gene might be the critical gene determining anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in lotus flower. Further analysis showed that different methylation intensities on the promoter sequence of the ANS gene might result in the different flower coloration in the red and white cultivar. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of flower coloration in lotus, and may be helpful in its breeding and germplasm enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Ziyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Rebecca Njeri
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Damaris
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China yangpf@wbgcas.cn.
authors.forename: Pingfang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D047309:Flavones / Q000378:metabolism; D044948:Flavonols / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010858:Pigmentation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D047309:Flavones; D044948:Flavonols; D010940:Plant Proteins; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D010105:Oxygenases; C048797:flavanone 3-dioxygenase; C118159:anthocyanidin synthase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Anthocyanin; Comparative proteomics; DNA methylation; Lotus petals