title: The Elimination of Listeria Monocytogenes Attached to Stainless Steel or Aluminum Using Multiple Hurdles.
abstract: Ready-to-eat luncheon meats sliced in retail delis have been found to pose the greatest risk of foodborne illness from Listeria monocytogenes among all ready-to-eat foods. Slicers used in delis have many removable parts that are connected with seals and gaskets, with spaces, cracks and crevices that are difficult to clean adequately and may provide a niche for L. monocytogenes survival. Standard cleaning and sanitizing practices used by deli employees may not eliminate Listeria in these niches. Moist heat is known to be more effective against L. monocytogenes than dry heat at the same temperature and time. The study reported here investigated the effects of moist heat combined with quaternary ammonium compounds (5 or 10 ppm), chlorine (10 or 25 ppm) or peracetic acid (10 or 25 ppm) on inactivating L. monocytogenes attached to stainless steel or aluminum coupons cut from commercial deli meat slicer components. All sanitizers when used alone resulted in a 2- to 3-log reduction of L. monocytogenes on stainless steel or aluminum surfaces, while moist heat alone resulted in a 3- to 4-log reduction. When combined with heat the quaternary ammonium was used at 5 ppm, peracetic acid at 10 ppm and chlorine at 10 ppm. When the 2 lethal treatments were combined there was a 5- to7-log reduction as compared to initial inoculation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study will provide a better understanding and potential methods for the sanitization of industrial deli meat slicers. In turn, the knowledge gained from this study can reduce the risk of contamination and outbreaks of L. monocytogenes and other food-borne pathogens for consumers.
authors.affiliation: Authors Mertz, O'Bryan, Crandall, Ricke, and Morawicki are with Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Alexandria W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Mertz
authors.affiliation: Authors Mertz, O'Bryan, Crandall, Ricke, and Morawicki are with Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, U.S.A.|Authors O'Bryan, Crandall, and Ricke are with Center for Food Safety, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Corliss A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: O'Bryan
authors.affiliation: Authors Mertz, O'Bryan, Crandall, Ricke, and Morawicki are with Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, U.S.A.|Authors O'Bryan, Crandall, and Ricke are with Center for Food Safety, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.affiliation: Authors Mertz, O'Bryan, Crandall, Ricke, and Morawicki are with Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, U.S.A.|Authors O'Bryan, Crandall, and Ricke are with Center for Food Safety, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ricke
authors.affiliation: Authors Mertz, O'Bryan, Crandall, Ricke, and Morawicki are with Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morawicki
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012499:Sanitation; D013193:Stainless Steel
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel; D002713:Chlorine; D000535:Aluminum; D010463:Peracetic Acid
keywords: L. monocytogenes; aluminum; chlorine; peracetic acid; quaternary ammonia; stainless steel