title: The Arabidopsis GAGA-Binding Factor BASIC PENTACYSTEINE6 Recruits the POLYCOMB-REPRESSIVE COMPLEX1 Component LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 to GAGA DNA Motifs.
abstract: Polycomb-repressive complexes (PRCs) play key roles in development by repressing a large number of genes involved in various functions. Much, however, remains to be discovered about PRC-silencing mechanisms as well as their targeting to specific genomic regions. Besides other mechanisms, GAGA-binding factors in animals can guide PRC members in a sequence-specific manner to Polycomb-responsive DNA elements. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GAGA-motif binding factor protein basic pentacysteine6 (BPC6) interacts with like heterochromatin protein1 (LHP1), a PRC1 component, and associates with vernalization2 (VRN2), a PRC2 component, in vivo. By using a modified DNA-protein interaction enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, we could show that BPC6 was required and sufficient to recruit LHP1 to GAGA motif-containing DNA probes in vitro. We also found that LHP1 interacts with VRN2 and, therefore, can function as a possible scaffold between BPC6 and VRN2. The lhp1-4 bpc4 bpc6 triple mutant displayed a pleiotropic phenotype, extreme dwarfism and early flowering, which disclosed synergistic functions of LHP1 and group II plant BPC members. Transcriptome analyses supported this synergy and suggested a possible function in the concerted repression of homeotic genes, probably through histone H3 lysine-27 trimethylation. Hence, our findings suggest striking similarities between animal and plant GAGA-binding factors in the recruitment of PRC1 and PRC2 components to Polycomb-responsive DNA element-like GAGA motifs, which must have evolved through convergent evolution.
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Physiology, and Biophysical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany (A.H., L.H.B., S.P., J.K., K.H., D.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 AgroParisTech, Institut J.-P. Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, F-78026 Versailles, France (N.S., V.G.); andUniversität des Saarlandes, Molekulare Pflanzenbiologie, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany (D.W.).
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Physiology, and Biophysical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany (A.H., L.H.B., S.P., J.K., K.H., D.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 AgroParisTech, Institut J.-P. Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, F-78026 Versailles, France (N.S., V.G.); andUniversität des Saarlandes, Molekulare Pflanzenbiologie, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany (D.W.).
authors.forename: Luise H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Physiology, and Biophysical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany (A.H., L.H.B., S.P., J.K., K.H., D.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 AgroParisTech, Institut J.-P. Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, F-78026 Versailles, France (N.S., V.G.); andUniversität des Saarlandes, Molekulare Pflanzenbiologie, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany (D.W.).
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Physiology, and Biophysical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany (A.H., L.H.B., S.P., J.K., K.H., D.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 AgroParisTech, Institut J.-P. Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, F-78026 Versailles, France (N.S., V.G.); andUniversität des Saarlandes, Molekulare Pflanzenbiologie, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany (D.W.).
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simoncello
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Physiology, and Biophysical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany (A.H., L.H.B., S.P., J.K., K.H., D.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 AgroParisTech, Institut J.-P. Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, F-78026 Versailles, France (N.S., V.G.); andUniversität des Saarlandes, Molekulare Pflanzenbiologie, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany (D.W.).
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kilian
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Physiology, and Biophysical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany (A.H., L.H.B., S.P., J.K., K.H., D.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 AgroParisTech, Institut J.-P. Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, F-78026 Versailles, France (N.S., V.G.); andUniversität des Saarlandes, Molekulare Pflanzenbiologie, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany (D.W.).
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2150-6970
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harter
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Physiology, and Biophysical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany (A.H., L.H.B., S.P., J.K., K.H., D.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 AgroParisTech, Institut J.-P. Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, F-78026 Versailles, France (N.S., V.G.); andUniversität des Saarlandes, Molekulare Pflanzenbiologie, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany (D.W.).
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gaudin
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Physiology, and Biophysical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany (A.H., L.H.B., S.P., J.K., K.H., D.W.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 AgroParisTech, Institut J.-P. Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles-Grignon, F-78026 Versailles, France (N.S., V.G.); andUniversität des Saarlandes, Molekulare Pflanzenbiologie, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany (D.W.) dierk.wanke@zmbp.uni-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: Dierk
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-1550
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wanke
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D056426:Genetic Loci; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D059372:Nucleotide Motifs / Q000235:genetics*; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D008239:Lysine; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; C571064:BPC6 protein, Arabidopsis; C477788:At5g17690 protein, Arabidopsis; C442836:VRN2 protein, Arabidopsis