title: Incidence and treatment of brain metastasis in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: Brain metastasis from esophageal carcinoma (BMEC) is very rare, but its incidence has increased in the United States, Japan, China and other counties. Reports on BMEC have largely been focused on examining whether adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer influences the survival duration of BMEC patients and on the imaging characteristics of BMEC determined using new medical equipment. The difference between different pathological types of esophageal cancer, especially adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, is one important factor used to assess the influence of BMEC. Adjuvant therapy, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, for esophageal cancer with different characteristics in different countries may affect BMEC treatment outcomes. The degree of popularization of advanced medical equipment is a major concern related to the prevalence of BMEC. Furthermore, targeted BMEC treatment is under development in developed countries. In this article, we reviewed the debate surrounding BMEC and analyzed BMEC studies from different perspectives.
authors.affiliation: Wei Feng, Peng Zhang, Xiao Zheng, Ming Chen, Wei-Min Mao, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Wei Feng, Peng Zhang, Xiao Zheng, Ming Chen, Wei-Min Mao, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Wei Feng, Peng Zhang, Xiao Zheng, Ming Chen, Wei-Min Mao, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Wei Feng, Peng Zhang, Xiao Zheng, Ming Chen, Wei-Min Mao, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Wei Feng, Peng Zhang, Xiao Zheng, Ming Chen, Wei-Min Mao, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Brain metastasis; Computed tomography; Esophageal carcinoma; Magnetic resonance imagin