title: Postprandial Protein Handling Is Not Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes Patients When Compared With Normoglycemic Controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The progressive loss of muscle mass with aging is accelerated in type 2 diabetes patients. It has been suggested that this is attributed to a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to food intake.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that the muscle protein synthetic response to protein ingestion is impaired in older type 2 diabetes patients when compared with healthy, normoglycemic controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A clinical intervention study with two parallel groups was conducted between August 2011 and July 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the research unit of Maastricht University, The Netherlands. Intervention, Participants, and Main Outcome Measures: Eleven older type 2 diabetes males [diabetes; age 71 ± 1 y, body mass index (BMI) 26.2 ± 0.5 kg/m(2)] and 12 age- and BMI-matched normoglycemic controls (control; age 74 ± 1 y, BMI 24.8 ± 1.1 kg/m(2)) participated in an experiment in which they ingested 20 g intrinsically L-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine-labeled protein. Continuous iv L-[ring-(2)H5]phenylalanine infusion was applied, and blood and muscle samples were obtained to assess amino acid kinetics and muscle protein synthesis rates in the postabsorptive and postprandial state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma insulin concentrations increased after protein ingestion in both groups, with a greater rise in the diabetes group. Postabsorptive and postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates did not differ between groups and averaged 0.029 ± 0.003 vs 0.029 ± 0.003%/h(1) and 0.031 ± 0.002 vs 0.033 ± 0.002%/h(1) in the diabetes versus control group, respectively. Postprandial L-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine incorporation into muscle protein did not differ between groups (0.018 ± 0.001 vs 0.019 ± 0.002 mole percent excess, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postabsorptive muscle protein synthesis and postprandial protein handling is not impaired in older individuals with type 2 diabetes when compared with age-matched, normoglycemic controls.
authors.affiliation: NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Imre W K
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Kouw
authors.affiliation: NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stefan H M
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gorissen
authors.affiliation: NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Burd
authors.affiliation: NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Naomi M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Cermak
authors.affiliation: NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemarie P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gijsen
authors.affiliation: NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janneau
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Kranenburg
authors.affiliation: NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Luc J C
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Loon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001706:Biopsy; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004063:Digestion; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D009124:Muscle Proteins