title: Congenital broncho-oesophageal fistula: An unusual cause of persistent pneumonia in a young adult.
abstract: A 19-year-old female with a 3-day history of high temperature, productive cough and dyspnoea was admitted due to diabetic ketoacidosis and pneumonia of the right lower lobe. Antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid), insulin, fluids and electrolytes were administered, as appropriate. The patient was doing well (normal temperature, normal glucose levels, normal acid-base balance) until the sixth day of hospitalization, when she reported bouts of cough when swallowing liquids. Barium oesophagography revealed the presence of a broncho-oesophageal fistula (BOF). Congenital BOFs are rare developmental malformations (only just over 100 reported cases in the literature), which are attributable to persistent attachments between the tracheobronchial tree and the oesophagus. When not combined with oesophageal atresia, symptoms may not appear until adult life. History of recurrent respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, haemoptysis and chronic cough associated with eating, may indicate investigation with conventional or multi-positional oesophagography. At the time that surgery was decided, our patient developed persistent pneumonia of both the middle and the lower right lobes. A fistulous tract between the medial segmental bronchus and the oesophagus was removed, along with right middle lobectomy. Post-operative clinical course was excellent.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Internal Medicine, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Ring Road N. Efkarpia-Thessaloniki, 54629 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Savvidou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savvoula
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pasoglou
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vasiliki
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Internal Medicine, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Ring Road N. Efkarpia-Thessaloniki, 54629 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Karatzidou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyparisia
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Internal Medicine, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Ring Road N. Efkarpia-Thessaloniki, 54629 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Antoniou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christina
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Internal Medicine, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Ring Road N. Efkarpia-Thessaloniki, 54629 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Mallias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ioannis
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Internal Medicine, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Ring Road N. Efkarpia-Thessaloniki, 54629 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Kalampakas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Athanasios
keywords: Broncho-oesophageal fistula; Fistula; Respiratory fistula