title: Client-identified needs and agency-provided services at a harm reduction community based organization in the District of Columbia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Harm reduction case management relies on client-identified goals to drive the provision of care in order to "meet clients where they are at". This research measured the level of agreement between client-identified needs and agency-provided services at a community based organization (CBO) in Washington DC by examining: (1) the services clients most often identified, (2) the services most often given to clients by the CBO, and (3) the level of alignment between client-identified needs and services provided.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case file reviews were completed for 151 clients who received case management services at the CBO between January 2010 and February 2011. Client-identified needs and agency-provided services were extracted from case files and divided into 9 matching need and service categories: pharmaceutical assistance (e.g., prescription renewal), medical or dental care, housing, mental health services, substance use services, support services (e.g., support group meetings), legal assistance, and employment/job training. Client-identified needs and services provided were analyzed using McNemar's Chi-square to assess for significant differences in discordant pairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clients were mostly Black (90.7 %), heterosexual (63.6 %), HIV positive (93.4 %), and over 40 years old at the time of intake (76.2 %). On average, clients identified 2.44 needs and received 3.29 services. The most common client-identified needs were housing (63.7 %), support services (34.3 %), and medical/dental care (29.5 %). The most common agency-provided services were housing (58.2 %), support services (51.4 %), and medical/dental care (45.2 %). In 6 of the 9 service categories, there were statistically significant (p < .01) differences between those who received services not asked for and those who did not receive asked for services in the categories of pharmaceutical assistance, medical/dental care, substance abuse services, support services, legal assistance, and food access. In each of these matched service categories, the percentage of clients who received services not asked for was significantly higher than those who did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research shows that, while there is general alignment between the services that clients most often want and the services most often provided, there are still instances where services are requested but are not being provided.
authors.affiliation: Milken Institute School of Public Health at the George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA. allison.orourke@live.com.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.affiliation: Milken Institute School of Public Health at the George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA. msruiz@gwu.edu.
authors.forename: Monica S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Milken Institute School of Public Health at the George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA. seanallen@gwu.edu.
authors.forename: Sean T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004219:District of Columbia; D005260:Female; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data