title: Calibration of the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank in patients with chronic pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of the current study were to calibrate the item parameters of the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank using a sample of Dutch patients with chronic pain and to evaluate cross-cultural validity between the Dutch-Flemish and the US PROMIS Pain Behavior item banks. Furthermore, reliability and construct validity of the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 39 items in the bank were completed by 1042 Dutch patients with chronic pain. To evaluate unidimensionality, a one-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. A graded response model (GRM) was used to calibrate the items. To evaluate cross-cultural validity, Differential item functioning (DIF) for language (Dutch vs. English) was evaluated. Reliability of the item bank was also examined and construct validity was studied using several legacy instruments, e.g. the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CFA supported the unidimensionality of the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank (CFI = 0.960, TLI = 0.958), the data also fit the GRM, and demonstrated good coverage across the pain behavior construct (threshold parameters range: -3.42 to 3.54). Analysis showed good cross-cultural validity (only six DIF items), reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.95) and construct validity (all correlations ≥0.53).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Dutch-Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank was found to have good cross-cultural validity, reliability and construct validity. The development of the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS Pain Behavior item bank will serve as the basis for Dutch-Flemish PROMIS short forms and computer adaptive testing (CAT).
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M H P
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Crins
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Roorda
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Department of Methodology, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H C W
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Vet
authors.affiliation: Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.|Rheumatology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Westhovens
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Outcomes Research, Evidera, Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Revicki
authors.affiliation: Leones Group BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boers
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Terwee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055809:Illness Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult