title: Orbitofrontal sulcal and gyrus pattern in human: an anatomical study.
abstract: The anatomical characterization of the orbitofrontal cortex in human is limited in literature instead of many functional and clinical studies involving it.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Anatomically define the orbitofrontal region aiming to possible neurosurgical treatments and unify the scientific nomenclature as well.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyze eighty four human hemispheres using a surgical microscope. Then we chose four hemispheres and dissect them according to Klinger' technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found five main sulcus: olfatory sulcus, orbital medial sulcus, orbital lateral sulcus, orbital transverse sulcus and orbital intermediate sulcus. These sulcus, excluding the intermediate sulcus, delimit five gyrus: rectus gurys, orbital medial gyrus, orbital anterior gyrus, orbital lateral gyrus and orbital posterior gyrus. The main sulcal configuration can be divided on four more frequently patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orbitofrontal cortex is associated with many psychiatric disorders. Better anatomical and functional characterization of the orbitofrontal cortex and its connections will improve our knowledge about these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Pereira
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Athaniel Silva
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel de Araújo
authors.initials: Dde A
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Devanir Silva da
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Silva
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Centeno
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Feres Eduardo
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Chaddad Neto
authors.affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavalheiro
mesh_terms: D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D009445:Neuroanatomy / Q000379:methods; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*