title: Centenarians and their hearts: A prospective registry with comprehensive geriatric assessment, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on the cardiac characteristics of centenarians are scarce. Our aim was to describe electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography in a cohort of centenarians and to correlate them with clinical data.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used prospective multicenter registry of 118 centenarians (28 men) with a mean age of 101.5±1.7 years. Electrocardiogram was performed in 103 subjects (87.3%) and echocardiography in 100 (84.7%). All subjects underwent a follow-up for at least 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Centenarians with abnormal ECG were less frequently females (72% vs 93%), had higher rates of previous consumption of tobacco (14% vs 0) and alcohol (24% vs 12%), and scored lower in the perception of health status (6.8±2.0 vs 8.3±6.8). Centenarians with significant abnormalities in echocardiography were less frequently able to walk 6 m (33% vs 54%). Atrial fibrillation/flutter was found in 27 subjects (26%). Mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was 60.0±10.5%. Moderate or severe aortic valve stenosis was found in 16%, mitral valve regurgitation in 15%, and aortic valve regurgitation in 13%. Diastolic dysfunction was assessed in 79 subjects and was present in 55 (69.6%). Katz index and LV dilation were independently associated with the ability to walk 6 m. Age, Charlson and Katz indexes, and the presence of significant abnormalities in echocardiography were associated with mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Centenarians have frequent ECG alterations and abnormalities in echocardiography. More than one fifth has atrial fibrillation, and most have diastolic dysfunction. Left ventricular dilation was associated with the ability to walk 6 m. Significant abnormalities in echocardiography were associated with mortality.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Europea de Madrid y Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Electronic address: mmselles@secardiologia.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Sellés
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Manacor, Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: García de la Villa
authors.affiliation: Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cruz-Jentoft
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vidán
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico de San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Hospital del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cornide
authors.affiliation: Hospital del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramos Cortés
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: González Guerrero
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Lugo, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia María
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Barros Cerviño
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Óscar
authors.initials: Ó
authors.lastname: Díaz Castro
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pareja
authors.affiliation: Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Danitza
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cimera
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico de San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vigara
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balaguer
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: María Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Mogollón Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Lugo, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veiga Fernández
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Lugo, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González Juanatey
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Lugo, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Testa Fernández
authors.affiliation: Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mateos Del Nozal
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Urueña
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López Diaz
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D014463:Ultrasonography