title: Assessing motivation and readiness to change for weight management and control: an in-depth evaluation of three sets of instruments.
abstract: It is highly recommended to promptly assess motivation and readiness to change (RTC) in individuals who wish to achieve significant lifestyle behavior changes in order to improve their health, overall quality of life, and well-being. In particular, motivation should be assessed for those who face the difficult task to maintain weight, which implies a double challenge: weight loss initially and its management subsequently. In fact, weight-control may be as problematic as smoking or drugs-taking cessation, since they all share the commonality of being highly refractory to change. This paper will examine three well-established tools following the Transtheoretical Model, specifically assessing RTC in weight management: the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale, the S-Weight and the P-Weight and the Decisional Balance Inventory. Though their strengths and weaknesses may appear to be rather homogeneous and similar, the S-Weight and P-Weight are more efficient in assessing RTC in weight management and control. Assessing motivation and RTC may be a crucial step in promptly identifying psychological obstacles or resistance toward weight-management in overweight or obese hospitalized individuals, and it may contribute to provide a more effective weight-control treatment intervention.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS - Ospedale San Giuseppe Verbania, Italy ; Psychology Department, University of Bergamo Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceccarini
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Bergamo Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borrello
authors.affiliation: Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS - Ospedale San Giuseppe Verbania, Italy ; Psychology Department, Catholic University of Milan Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pietrabissa
authors.affiliation: Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS - Ospedale San Giuseppe Verbania, Italy.
authors.forename: Gian Mauro
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Manzoni
authors.affiliation: Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS - Ospedale San Giuseppe Verbania, Italy ; Psychology Department, Catholic University of Milan Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castelnuovo
keywords: Transtheoretical Model; assessment; motivation; obesity; overweight; readiness to change; weight-management