title: GPs' approaches to documenting stigmatising information: a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complete medical documentation is essential for continuity of care, but the competing need to protect patient confidentiality presents an ethical dilemma. This is particularly poignant for GPs because of their central role in facilitating continuity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine how GPs manage medical documentation of stigmatising mental health (MH) and non-MH information.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative sub-study of a factorial experiment with GPs practising in Massachusetts, US.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured interviews (n = 128) were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded and analysed for themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GPs expressed difficulties with and inconsistent strategies for documenting stigmatising information. Without being asked directly about stigmatising information, 44 GPs (34%) expressed difficulties documenting it: whether to include clinically relevant but sensitive information, how to word it, and explaining to patients the importance of including it. Additionally, 75 GPs (59%) discussed strategies for managing documentation of stigmatising information. GPs reported four strategies that varied by type of information: to exclude stigmatising information to respect patient confidentiality (MH: 26%, non-MH: 43%); to include but restrict access to information (MH: 13%, non-MH: 25%); to include but neutralise information to minimise potential stigma (MH: 26%, non-MH: 29%); and to include stigmatising information given the potential impact on care (MH: 68%, non-MH: 32%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of consistency undermines the potential of medical documentation to efficiently facilitate continuous, coordinated health care because providers cannot be certain how to interpret what is or is not in the chart. A proactive consensus process within the field of primary care would provide much needed guidance for GPs and, ultimately, could enhance quality of care.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Qualitative Research, New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA, US.
authors.forename: Almas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dossa
authors.affiliation: Centre for Qualitative Research, New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA, US.
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Welch
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003219:Confidentiality / Q000941:ethics*; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D058005:General Practitioners / Q000941:ethics* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations / Q000941:ethics*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D013240:Stereotyping
keywords: continuity of care; documentation; ethics; primary health care; social stigma