title: Detection and identification of pathogenic trypanosome species in tsetse flies along the Comoé River in Côte d'Ivoire.
abstract: In order to identify pathogenic trypanosomes responsible for African trypanosomiasis, and to better understand tsetse-trypanosome relationships, surveys were undertaken in three sites located in different eco-climatic areas in Côte d'Ivoire during the dry and rainy seasons. Tsetse flies were caught during five consecutive days using biconical traps, dissected and microscopically examined looking for trypanosome infection. Samples from infected flies were tested by PCR using specific primers for Trypanosoma brucei s.l., T. congolense savannah type, T. congolense forest type and T. vivax. Of 1941 tsetse flies caught including four species, i.e. Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. p. gambiensis, G. tachinoides and G. medicorum, 513 (26%) were dissected and 60 (12%) were found positive by microscopy. Up to 41% of the infections were due to T. congolense savannah type, 30% to T. vivax, 20% to T. congolense forest type and 9% due to T. brucei s.l. All four trypanosome species and subgroups were identified from G. tachinoides and G. p. palpalis, while only two were isolated from G. p. gambiensis (T. brucei s.l., T. congolense savannah type) and G. medicorum (T. congolense forest, savannah types). Mixed infections were found in 25% of cases and all involved T. congolense savannah type with another trypanosome species. The simultaneous occurrence of T. brucei s.l., and tsetse from the palpalis group may suggest that human trypanosomiasis can still be a constraint in these localities, while high rates of T. congolense and T. vivax in the area suggest a potential risk of animal trypanosomiasis in livestock along the Comoé River.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pierre Richet/INSP, 01 BP 1500 Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire - Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BPV 34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Djohan
authors.affiliation: Institut Pierre Richet/INSP, 01 BP 1500 Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Dramane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaba
authors.affiliation: CIRDES, BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rayaissé
authors.affiliation: CIRDES, BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Guiguigbaza-Kossigan
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Dayo
authors.affiliation: Institut Pierre Richet/INSP, 01 BP 1500 Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Bamoro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coulibaly
authors.affiliation: CIRDES, BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salou
authors.affiliation: CIRDES, BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dofini
authors.affiliation: Institut Pierre Richet/INSP, 01 BP 1500 Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Alain De Marie Koffi
authors.initials: Ade M
authors.lastname: Kouadio
authors.affiliation: Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BPV 34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Menan
authors.affiliation: IRD UMR 177 INTERTRYP-IRD-CIRAD, 34398 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Solano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission; D060085:Coinfection; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire / Q000453:epidemiology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000469:parasitology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity; D045483:Rivers; D012621:Seasons; D013045:Species Specificity; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014348:Trypanosoma congolense / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016689:Trypanosoma vivax / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology*