title: Proton pump inhibitors while belonging to the same family of generic drugs show different anti-tumor effect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor acidity represents a major cause of chemoresistance. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can neutralize tumor acidity, sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the anti-tumor efficacy of different PPIs in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro experiments PPIs anti-tumor efficacy in terms of cell proliferation and cell death/apoptosis/necrosis evaluation were performed. In vivo PPIs efficacy experiments were carried out using melanoma xenograft model in SCID mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lansoprazole showed higher anti-tumor effect when compared to the other PPIs. The lansoprazole effect lasted even upon drug removal from the cell culture medium and it was independent from the lipophilicity of the PPIs formulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These PPIs have shown different anti-tumoral efficacy, and the most effective at low dose was lansoprazole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The possibility to contrast tumor acidity by off-label using PPIs opens a new field of oncology investigation.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation .
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lugini
authors.affiliation: a Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation .
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Federici
authors.affiliation: b Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediate Diseases , and.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation .
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azzarito
authors.affiliation: a Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation .
authors.forename: Maria Lucia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ematology, Oncology and Molecular Biology , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Albino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cesolini
authors.affiliation: a Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation .
authors.forename: Enrico Pierluigi
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Spugnini
authors.affiliation: a Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation .
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fais
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
keywords: Anti-acid drugs; lansoprazole; tumor acidity