title: Hydration in non-suckling neonatal Brahman-cross calves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify measures that most closely relate to hydration in healthy Brahman-cross neonatal calves that experience milk deprivation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a dry tropical environment, eight neonatal Brahman-cross calves were prevented from suckling for 2-3 days during which measurements were performed twice daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean body water, as estimated by the mean urea space, was 74±3% of body weight at full hydration. The mean decrease in hydration was 7.3±1.1% per day. The rate of decrease was more than three-fold higher during the day than at night. At an ambient temperature of 39°C, the decrease in hydration averaged 1.1% hourly. Measures that were most useful in predicting the degree of hydration in both simple and multiple-regression prediction models were body weight, hindleg length, girth, ambient and oral temperatures, eyelid tenting, alertness score and plasma sodium. These parameters are different to those recommended for assessing calves with diarrhoea. Single-measure predictions had a standard error of at least 5%, which reduced to 3-4% if multiple measures were used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that simple assessment of non-suckling Brahman-cross neonatal calves can estimate the severity of dehydration, but the estimates are imprecise. Dehydration in healthy neonatal calves that do not have access to milk can exceed 20% (>15% weight loss) in 1-3 days under tropical conditions and at this point some are unable to recover without clinical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fordyce
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: T W J
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Olchowy
authors.affiliation: Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Spyglass Beef Research Facility, MS 99, Charters Towers, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D001834:Body Water; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003681:Dehydration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004777:Environment
keywords: beef cattle; hydration; neonatal calves; tropics; urea space