title: The physical and degradation properties of starch-graft-acrylonitrile/carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber latex films.
abstract: Starch-graft-acrylonitrile (ANS) is compounded with carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) latex. The control XNBR and the ANS/XNBR latex films were prepared through a coagulant dipping process. The films were subjected to ageing and soil burial procedures. For the biodegradation experiment, the surface of the film was assessed after the 2nd, 4th and 8th week of soil burial. The ANS, XNBR, and ANS/XNBR colloidal stability were determined with a Malvern Zetasizer. For the dipped latex films, the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties were analyzed. The addition of ANS into the XNBR latex increased the stability of the colloidal dispersions, decreased the latex film tensile strength, but increased the elongation at break due to the bipolar interaction of the ANS and XNBR particles. The ANS/XNBR latex films aged faster than the control films while the morphological analysis showed the existence of a starch crystal region and the formation of microbial colonies on the surfaces of the films. Based on the TGA-DTA curves, a higher ΔT was observed for the ANS/XNBR latex films signifying high thermal energy needed for the film to thermally degrade.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, University Science of Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Misman
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, University Science of Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: srazura@usm.my.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Azura
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, University Science of Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Z A A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Hamid
keywords: Acrylonitrile; Biodegradation; Carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber latex; Graft copolymerization; Sago starch