title: Upper arm circumference development in Chinese children and adolescents: a pooled analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Upper arm development in children is different in different ethnic groups. There have been few reports on upper arm circumference (UAC) at different stages of development in children and adolescents in China. The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for growth with weighted assessment of the overall level of development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a pooled analysis, an authoritative journal database search and reports of UAC, we created a new database on developmental measures in children. In conducting a weighted analysis, we compared reference values for 0~60 months of development according to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics considering gender and nationality and used Z values as interval values for the second sampling to obtain an exponential smooth curve to analyze the mean, standard deviation, and sites of attachment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten articles were included in the pooled analysis, and these articles included participants from different areas of China. The point of intersection with the WHO curve was 3.5 years with higher values at earlier ages and lower values at older ages. Boys curve was steeper after puberty. The curves in the studies had a merged line compatible. The Z values of exponential smoothing showed the curves were similar for body weight and had a right normal distribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The integrated index of UAC in Chinese children and adolescents indicated slightly variations with regions. Exponential curve smoothing was suitable for assessment at different developmental stages.
authors.affiliation: The Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Room 415, Science Building, No.2 Ya Bao Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China. tongfang371@163.com.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China. eros0602@vip.qq.com.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D000886:Anthropometry; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values