title: Maternal factors in the origin of isolated oesophageal atresia: A population-based case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In most patients affected by isolated oesophageal atresia (IOA) the etiology is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze potential risk factors in mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study samples included 221 cases with IOA, 356 matched and 38,151 population controls without any defect in the population-based dataset of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980 to 1996. Only those exposures were evaluated that were medically recorded in prenatal maternity logbooks during the critical period of IOA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of this case-control study suggested that the mothers of cases with IOA had a higher proportion of first delivery and lower socioeconomic status. Acute respiratory diseases (odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8, 1.8-8.1) and essential hypertension treated with nifedipine (OR 95% CI, 3.8, 1.7-8.7) in the mothers of cases associated with a higher risk for IOA in their children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First delivery, lower socioeconomic status, acute respiratory diseases and essential hypertension treated with nifedipine in the mothers may associate with a higher risk for IOA in their children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Military Hospital - State Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vermes
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ákos
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Mátrai
authors.affiliation: Foundation for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Czeizel
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Nándor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ács
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: acute respiratory diseases; essential hypertension; first delivery; nifedipine; oesophageal atresia; population based case-control study