title: Low folate and selenium in the mouse maternal diet alters liver gene expression patterns in the offspring after weaning.
abstract: During pregnancy, selenium (Se) and folate requirements increase, with deficiencies linked to neural tube defects (folate) and DNA oxidation (Se). This study investigated the effect of a high-fat diet either supplemented with (diet H), or marginally deficient in (diet L), Se and folate. Pregnant female mice and their male offspring were assigned to one of four treatments: diet H during gestation, lactation and post-weaning; diet L during gestation, lactation and post-weaning; diet H during gestation and lactation but diet L fed to offspring post-weaning; or diet L during gestation and lactation followed by diet H fed to offspring post-weaning. Microarray and pathway analyses were performed using RNA from colon and liver of 12-week-old male offspring. Gene set enrichment analysis of liver gene expression showed that diet L affected several pathways including regulation of translation (protein biosynthesis), methyl group metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism; this effect was stronger when the diet was fed to mothers, rather than to offspring. No significant differences in individual gene expression were observed in colon but there were significant differences in cell cycle control pathways. In conclusion, a maternal low Se/folate diet during gestation and lactation has more effects on gene expression in offspring than the same diet fed to offspring post-weaning; low Se and folate in utero and during lactation thus has persistent metabolic effects in the offspring.
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. matthew.barnett@agresearch.co.nz.|Nutrigenomics New Zealand; Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. matthew.barnett@agresearch.co.nz.|Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. matthew.barnett@agresearch.co.nz.
authors.forename: Matthew P G
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. emma.bermingham@agresearch.co.nz.|Nutrigenomics New Zealand; Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. emma.bermingham@agresearch.co.nz.
authors.forename: Emma N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Bermingham
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. wayne.young@agresearch.co.nz.|Nutrigenomics New Zealand; Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. wayne.young@agresearch.co.nz.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. shalome.bassett@agresearch.co.nz.|Nutrigenomics New Zealand; Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. shalome.bassett@agresearch.co.nz.
authors.forename: Shalome A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. j.e.hesketh@newcastle.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hesketh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maciel-Dominguez
authors.affiliation: AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. warren.mcnabb@agresearch.co.nz.|Riddet Institute, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. warren.mcnabb@agresearch.co.nz.
authors.forename: Warren C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: McNabb
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. nicole.roy@agresearch.co.nz.|Nutrigenomics New Zealand; Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. nicole.roy@agresearch.co.nz.|Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. nicole.roy@agresearch.co.nz.|Riddet Institute, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. nicole.roy@agresearch.co.nz.
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000150:complications; D015870:Gene Expression; D007774:Lactation; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D018977:Micronutrients; D005492:Folic Acid; D012643:Selenium
keywords: folate; high-fat diet; microarray analysis; selenium