title: Metabolic profiles in the response to supplementation with composite antimicrobial peptides in piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) causes various toxic effects in human and animals. However, our previous studies have shown that composite antimicrobial peptides (CAP) can have a protective effect in piglets challenged with DON. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the CAP GLAM 180# on the metabolism of piglets challenged with DON using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach. A total of 28 individually housed piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire) weaned at 28 d of age were randomly assigned into 4 treatment groups (7 pigs/treatment) based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement that were fed, respectively, a basal diet (NC), basal diet + 0.4% CAP (basal + CAP), basal diet + 4 mg/kg DON (basal + DON), and basal diet + 4 mg/kg DON + 0.4% CAP (DON + CAP). A 7-d adaptation period was followed by 30 d of treatment. Blood samples were then collected for metabolite analysis by proton NMR (H-NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The combined results of H-NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS showed that DON increased ( < 0.05) the serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, glycoprotein, urea, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and lactate as well as those of almost all essential AA and some nonessential AA but decreased the concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), unsaturated lipids, citrate, choline, and fumarate compared with those in NC treatment ( < 0.05). There was a significant interaction effect ( < 0.05) of supplementation with DON and CAP on some metabolites showed that the serum concentrations of HDL, unsaturated lipids, Pro, citrate, and fumarate were greater ( < 0.05) whereas those of glycoprotein, urea, TMAO, Gly, and lactate were lower in the DON + CAP treatment compared with those in the basal + DON treatment ( < 0.05). These findings indicated that DON causes disturbances in AA, lipid, and energy metabolism and that CAP could partially attenuate the above metabolic disturbances induced by DON.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Q H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Y Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol