title: Teaching of clinical anatomy in rheumatology: a review of methodologies.
abstract: Clinical anatomy may be defined as anatomy that is applied to the care of the patient. It is the foundation of a well-informed physical examination that is so important in rheumatologic practice. Unfortunately, there is both documented and observed evidence of a significant deficiency in the teaching and performance of a competent musculoskeletal examination at multiple levels of medical education including in rheumatology trainees. At the Annual Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology in Boston, MA, that took place in November 2014, a Clinical Anatomy Study Group met to share techniques of teaching clinical anatomy to rheumatology fellows, residents, and students. Techniques that were reviewed included traditional anatomic diagrams, hands-on cross-examination, cadaver study, and musculoskeletal ultrasound. The proceedings of the Study Group section are described in this review.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA.
authors.forename: Karina D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Torralba
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Villaseñor-Ovies
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Evelyn
authors.forename: R Michelle
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Koolaee
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kalish
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008800:Mexico; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000193:education*; D013337:Students, Medical; D014481:United States