title: In-hospital mortality in cardiac surgery patients after readmission to the intensive care unit: a single-center experience with 10,992 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine if readmission to the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery procedures is associated with increased mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective non-randomized study to evaluate the cause of readmission and mortality rate in patients readmitted to the ICU after cardiac surgery and to compare the clinical variables of patients readmitted to the ICU who died and those who survived.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in a single university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an analysis of 10,992 consecutive adult patients. Readmission rate to the ICU, mortality rate, the reason for readmission to the ICU, type of surgery, length of stay, cause of mortality, and day of the week of ICU readmission were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent cardiac surgery at a single center and were discharged after primary stay from the ICU.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 197 (1,8%) of 10,992 patients were readmitted to the ICU. In-hospital mortality rate for patients readmitted and not readmitted to the ICU was 23.9% and 4.7%, respectively. The main causes of ICU readmission were cardiac (40%) and respiratory (37%) complications. The mortality rate in readmitted patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or valve surgery was 26% and 19%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient readmission to the ICU following cardiac surgery was associated with a 5-fold increase in hospital mortality rate compared to non-readmitted patients. The highest mortality rate was observed among readmitted patients who underwent CABG. Older age, previous myocardial infarction, and initial long length of stay in the post-operative ward were independent risk factors for death after readmission to the ICU.
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Litwinowicz
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: krzysztof.bartus@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bartus
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drwila
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Boguslaw
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kapelak
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konstanty-Kalandyk
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sobczynski
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wierzbicki
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartuś
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chrapusta
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Timek
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: krzysztof.bartus@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Stanislaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartus
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oles
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadowski
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000601:surgery; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality; D003422:Critical Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: ICU mortality; cardiac surgery; mortality after cardiac surgery