title: Drift diffusion model of reward and punishment learning in schizophrenia: Modeling and experimental data.
abstract: In this study, we tested reward- and punishment learning performance using a probabilistic classification learning task in patients with schizophrenia (n=37) and healthy controls (n=48). We also fit subjects' data using a Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) of simple decisions to investigate which components of the decision process differ between patients and controls. Modeling results show between-group differences in multiple components of the decision process. Specifically, patients had slower motor/encoding time, higher response caution (favoring accuracy over speed), and a deficit in classification learning for punishment, but not reward, trials. The results suggest that patients with schizophrenia adopt a compensatory strategy of favoring accuracy over speed to improve performance, yet still show signs of a deficit in learning based on negative feedback. Our data highlights the importance of applying fitting models (particularly drift diffusion models) to behavioral data. The implications of these findings are discussed relative to theories of schizophrenia and cognitive processing.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: a.moustafa@uws.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moustafa
authors.affiliation: Nyírő Gyula Hospital-National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary; University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Szeged, Hungary; Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Cognitive Science, Hungary.
authors.forename: Szabolcs
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kéri
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Somlai
authors.affiliation: School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Tarryn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balsdon
authors.affiliation: Wroclaw Medical University, Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frydecka
authors.affiliation: Wroclaw Medical University, Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw, Poland; Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Genetics, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Blazej
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Misiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003657:Decision Making; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011337:Probability Learning; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011678:Punishment; D012201:Reward; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Decision making; Drift diffusion model (DDM); Punishment; Reinforcement learning; Reward; Schizophrenia