title: Caffeic Acid phenethyl ester and ethanol extract of propolis induce the complementary cytotoxic effect on triple-negative breast cancer cell lines.
abstract: Chemotherapy of breast cancer could be improved by bioactive natural substances, which may potentially sensitize the carcinoma cells' susceptibility to drugs. Numerous phytochemicals, including propolis, have been reported to interfere with the viability of carcinoma cells. We evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and its derivative caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) towards two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T, by implementation of the MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. The morphological changes of breast carcinoma cells were observed following exposure to EEP and CAPE. The IC50 of EEP was 48.35 µg∙mL-1 for MDA-MB-23 cells and 33.68 µg∙mL-1 for Hs578T cells, whereas the CAPE IC50 was 14.08 µM and 8.01 µM for the MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cell line, respectively. Here, we report that propolis and CAPE inhibited the growth of the MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T lines in a dose-dependent and exposure time-dependent manner. EEP showed less cytotoxic activity against both types of TNBC cells. EEP and, particularly, CAPE may markedly affect the viability of breast cancer cells, suggesting the potential role of bioactive compounds in chemoprevention/chemotherapy by potentiating the action of standard anti-cancer drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. annastojko@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rzepecka-Stojko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. adzik@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kabała-Dzik
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. amozdzierz@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moździerz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. rkubina@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kubina
authors.affiliation: Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. rwojtyczka@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Wojtyczka
authors.affiliation: Department of Women Health, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 12, 40-752 Katowice, Poland. rstojko@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stojko
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland. adziedzic@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dziedzic
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 14, 40-752 Katowice, Poland. zak@czkstojko.pl.
authors.forename: Żaneta
authors.initials: Ż
authors.lastname: Jastrzębska-Stojko
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmetology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. magda@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jurzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. ebuszman@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buszman
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. jstojko@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stojko
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D011429:Propolis; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: breast cancer; caffeic acid phenethyl ester; cytotoxicity; propolis