title: Globally profiling sialylation status of macrophages upon statin treatment.
abstract: Sialic acids (SAs) are widely expressed on immune cells and their levels and linkages named as sialylation status vary upon cellular environment changes related to both physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we performed a global profiling of the sialylation status of macrophages and their release of SAs in the cell culture medium by using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy results showed that cell surface α-2,3-linked SAs were predominant in the normal culture condition and changed slightly upon treatment with atorvastatin for 24 h, whereas α-2,6-linked SAs were negligible in the normal culture condition but significantly increased after treatment. Meanwhile, the amount of total cellular SAs increased about three times (from 369 ± 29 to 1080 ± 50 ng/mL) upon treatment as determined by the LC-MS/MS method. On the other hand, there was no significant change for secreted free SAs and conjugated SAs in the medium. These results indicated that the cell surface α-2,6 sialylation status of macrophages changes distinctly upon atorvastatin stimulation, which may reflect on the biological functions of the cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BGES), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
authors.forename: Evgeny
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozhegov
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA x.sun55@csuohio.edu.
authors.forename: Xue-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
keywords: LC-MS/MS; confocal microscopy; flow cytometry; macrophage; sialic acid