title: Skeletal muscle phenotype affects fasting-induced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation flexibility in cold-acclimated ducklings.
abstract: Starvation is particularly challenging for endotherms that remain active in cold environments or during winter. The aim of this study was to determine whether fasting-induced mitochondrial coupling flexibility depends upon the phenotype of skeletal muscles. The rates of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial efficiency were measured in pectoralis (glycolytic) and gastrocnemius (oxidative) muscles from cold-acclimated ducklings (Cairina moschata). Pyruvate and palmitoyl-l-carnitine were used in the presence of malate as respiratory substrates. Plasma metabolites, skeletal muscle concentrations of triglycerides, glycogen and total protein and mitochondrial levels of oxidative phosphorylation complexes were also quantified. Results from ad libitum fed ducklings were compared with those from ducklings that were fasted for 4 days. During the 4 days of nutritional treatment, birds remained in the cold, at 4°C. The 4 days of starvation preferentially affected the pectoralis muscles, inducing an up-regulation of mitochondrial efficiency, which was associated with a reduction of both total muscle and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation protein, and with an increase of intramuscular lipid concentration. By contrast, fasting decreased the activity of oxidative phosphorylation but did not alter the coupling efficiency and protein expression of mitochondria isolated from the gastrocnemius muscles. Hence, the adjustment of mitochondrial efficiency to fasting depends upon the muscle phenotype of cold-acclimated birds. Furthermore, these results suggest that the reduced cost of mitochondrial ATP production in pectoralis muscles may trigger lipid storage within this tissue and help to sustain an important metabolic homeostatic function of skeletal muscles, which is to maintain levels of amino acids in the circulation during the fast.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023 CNRS, Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Axel
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Monternier
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023 CNRS, Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
authors.forename: Anaïs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fongy
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023 CNRS, Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hervant
authors.affiliation: Service de Biochimie, CHU Lyon Sud, CarMeN, UMR 1060 INSERM, Université de Lyon, 69921 Oullins cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drai
authors.affiliation: Service de Biochimie, CHU Lyon Sud, CarMeN, UMR 1060 INSERM, Université de Lyon, 69921 Oullins cedex, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collin-Chavagnac
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023 CNRS, Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rouanet
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023 CNRS, Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France damien.roussel@univ-lyon1.fr.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roussel
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004372:Ducks / Q000502:physiology*; D005508:Food Deprivation; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010641:Phenotype; D013217:Starvation / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins
keywords: Bioenergetics; Birds; Energy efficiency; Mitochondria; Oxidative metabolism; Starvation