title: Ontogenic Changes of Villus Growth, Lactase Activity, and Intestinal Glucose Transporters in Preterm and Term Born Calves with or without Prolonged Colostrum Feeding.
abstract: Oral glucose supply is important for neonatal calves to stabilize postnatal plasma glucose concentration. The objective of this study was to investigate ontogenic development of small intestinal growth, lactase activity, and glucose transporter in calves (n = 7 per group) that were born either preterm (PT; delivered by section 9 d before term) or at term (T; spontaneous vaginal delivery) or spontaneously born and fed colostrum for 4 days (TC). Tissue samples from duodenum and proximal, mid, and distal jejunum were taken to measure villus size and crypt depth, protein concentration of mucosa and brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV), total DNA and RNA concentration of mucosa, mRNA expression and activity of lactase, and mRNA expression of sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) and facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in mucosal tissue. Additionally, protein expression of SGLT1 in BBMV and GLUT2 in crude mucosal membranes and immunochemical localization of GLUT2 in the enterocytes were determined. Villus height in distal jejunum was lower in TC than in T. Crypt depth in all segments was largest and the villus height/crypt depth ratio in jejunum was smallest in TC calves. Concentration of RNA was highest in duodenal mucosa of TC calves, but neither lactase mRNA and activity nor SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA and protein expression differed among groups. Localization of GLUT2 in the apical membrane was greater, whereas in the basolateral membrane was lower in TC than in T and PT calves. Our study indicates maturation processes after birth for mucosal growth and trafficking of GLUT2 from the basolateral to the apical membrane. Minor differences of mucosal growth, lactase activity, and intestinal glucose transporters were seen between PT and T calves, pointing at the importance of postnatal maturation and feeding for mucosal growth and GLUT2 trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinhoff-Wagner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schönhusen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition, National Centre of Agriculture and Food Nitra, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zitnan
authors.affiliation: School of Economics and Management in Public Administration, 85104 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hudakova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pfannkuche
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hammon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002417:Cattle; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D003126:Colostrum / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D043322:Lactase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D047929:Term Birth
chemical_list: D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D043322:Lactase; D005947:Glucose