title: Emerging mHealth and eHealth interventions for serious mental illness: a review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serious mental illness (SMI) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Emerging mobile health (mHealth) and eHealth interventions may afford opportunities for reaching this at-risk group.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the evidence on using emerging mHealth and eHealth technologies among people with SMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science through July 2014. Only studies which reported outcomes for mHealth or eHealth interventions, defined as remotely delivered using mobile, online, or other devices, targeting people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder, were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six studies spanning 12 countries were included. Interventions were grouped into four categories: (1) illness self-management and relapse prevention; (2) promoting adherence to medications and/or treatment; (3) psychoeducation, supporting recovery, and promoting health and wellness; and (4) symptom monitoring. The interventions were consistently found to be highly feasible and acceptable, though clinical outcomes were variable but offered insight regarding potential effectiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm the feasibility and acceptability of emerging mHealth and eHealth interventions among people with SMI; however, it is not possible to draw conclusions regarding effectiveness. Further rigorous investigation is warranted to establish effectiveness and cost benefit in this population.
authors.affiliation: a The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College , Lebanon , NH , USA .
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Naslund
authors.affiliation: b The Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Dartmouth College , Lebanon , NH , USA .|c Psychiatric Research Center, Dartmouth College , Lebanon , NH , USA .|d Department of Psychiatry , and.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Marsch
authors.affiliation: c Psychiatric Research Center, Dartmouth College , Lebanon , NH , USA .|d Department of Psychiatry , and.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: McHugo
authors.affiliation: a The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College , Lebanon , NH , USA .|d Department of Psychiatry , and.|e Department of Community and Family Medicine , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bartels
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000517:prevention & control; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*
keywords: eHealth; mHealth; mental health; mobile health; remote technology; serious mental illness