title: Socioeconomic factors relating to diabetes and its management in India.
abstract: Diabetes is an escalating problem in India and has major socioeconomic dimensions. Rapid dietary changes coupled with decreased levels of physical activity have resulted in increases in obesity and diabetes in rural and semi-urban areas, as well as in urban-based people living in resettlement colonies. Increasing risk has also been recorded in those who suffered from poor childhood nutrition and in rural-to-urban migrants. Social inequity manifests in disparities in socioeconomic status (SES), place of residence, education, gender, and level of awareness and affects prevention, care, and management. All these population subsets have major socioeconomic challenges: low levels of awareness regarding diabetes and prevention, inadequate resources, insufficient allotment of healthcare budgets, and lack of medical reimbursement. Unawareness and delays in seeking medical help lead to complications, resulting in many-fold increased costs in diabetes care. These costs plunge individuals and households into a vicious cycle of further economic hardship, inadequate management, and premature mortality, resulting in more economic losses. At the societal level, these are massive losses to national productivity and the exchequer. Overall, there is an immediate need to strengthen the healthcare delivery system to generate awareness and for the prevention, early detection, cost-effective management, and rehabilitation of patients with diabetes, with a focus on people belonging to the lower SES and women (with a particular focus on nutrition before and during pregnancy). Because of an enhanced awareness campaign spearheaded through the National Program on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, Diabetes and Stroke (NCPCDS) initiated by Government of India, it is likely that the level of awareness and early detection of diabetes may increase.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Public Health India, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.|National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.|Diabetes Foundation (India), Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.affiliation: Centre for Public Health India, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.|National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.|Diabetes Foundation (India), Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.|Fortis-Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Disorders (C-DOC) Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anoop
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Fortis Escorts Hospital, JLN Marg, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: M.V. Hospital for Diabetes, Chennai, India.|Profesoor M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Education and Training in Diabetes), Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Asian Indians; awareness; cost of diabetes care; diabetes; migration; social factors; 亚洲印度人; 意识; 社会因素; 移民; 糖尿病; 糖尿病治疗费用