title: A Preliminary Study of Biomonitoring for Bisphenol-A in Human Sweat.
abstract: Measurement of human exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA) is hampered by the ubiquitous but transient exposure for most individuals, coupled with a short metabolic half-life which leads to high inter- and intra-individual variability. We investigated the possibility of measuring multiday exposure to BPA in human sweat among volunteer participants with the goal of identifying an exposure assessment method less affected by temporal variability. We recruited 50 participants to wear a sweat collection patch (PharmChek(®)) for 7 days with concurrent collection of daily first-morning urine. Urines and sweat patch extracts were analyzed with quantitative LC-MS-MS using a method we previously validated. In addition, a human volunteer consumed one can of commercially available soup (16 oz, 473 cm(3)) daily for 3 days and collected urine. Sweat patches (n = 2, 1 per arm) were worn for the 3 days of the study. BPA was detected in quality control specimens prepared by fortification of BPA to sweat patches, but was only detected at 5× above average background on three participant patches. Although the highest measured urine BPA concentration was 195 ng/mL for an individual with deliberate exposure, no BPA was detected above background in the corresponding sweat patches. In this preliminary investigation, the use of sweat patches primarily worn on the upper-outer arm did not detect BPA exposures that were documented by urine monitoring. The absence of BPA in sweat patches may be due to several factors, including insufficient quantity of specimen per patch, or extremely low concentrations of BPA in naturally occurring sweat, among others.
authors.affiliation: Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA christy.porucznik@utah.edu.
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Porucznik
authors.affiliation: Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Kyley J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Diana G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Szczotka
authors.affiliation: Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Stanford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D001711:Biotransformation; D001822:Body Burden; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013542:Sweat / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D057968:Transdermal Patch; D016482:Urinalysis; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D020719:Glucuronides; D010636:Phenols; C512161:bisphenol A glucuronide; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C006780:bisphenol A