title: Is the ligation of hernial sac necessary in herniotomy for children? A randomized controlled trial of evaluating surgical complications and duration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herniotomy is a common operation done by pediatric surgeons. Recent studies have shown that high ligation in herniation in adult is not necessary, but this method was not fully evaluated in children. We compared non-ligation with high-ligation sac in herniotomy in terms of surgical complications and duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized controlled trial study was done on 104 children with inguinal hernia at Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, between 2011 and 2013. Patients were equally randomized to undergo herniotomy with ligation of sac at the internal ring level or to undergo herniotomy without sac ligation. Patients were followed up just after the operation, and in the 1(st), 6(th), and 12(th) weeks postoperation to discover early (scrotal hematoma, edema, wound infection, and postoperation fever) and late (adhesion and recurrence) complications. Also, duration of operation was recorded for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of early complications (nine cases in high-ligation and eight cases in non-ligation group) was the same in both groups (P = 0.402). No late complication was observed in any group. The mean duration of operation in high-ligation group (18.84 ± 5.47 min) was significantly shorter than non-ligation group (21.46 ± 9.03 min) (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complications are the same in herniotomy with or without ligation of the sac, but the duration of the non-ligation procedure is shorter than that of high-ligation. We suggest that herniotomy without sac ligation in children be the procedure of choice to save time and also to prevent any other possible complications such as nerve damage, spermatic cord injury, or peritoneal tearing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hadi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rafiei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jazini
keywords: Child; herniorrhaphy; herniotomy; inguinal hernia; ligation