title: Nebulisation Versus Spray-as-You-Go Airway Topical Anaesthesia in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis using 2 % Lignocaine.
abstract: METHODS
  This randomized, comparative clinical study was designed to compare 2 % lignocaine nebulization and 2 % lignocaine via spray-as-you-go technique for topical airway anaesthesia during or awake flexible fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty adult patients with TMJ ankylosis were randomly assigned to the following study groups using a computer generated random number table 2 % lignocaine nebulised (group A) and 2 % lignocaine via spray-as-you-go technique (group B). After airway anaesthesia, awake flexible fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation was performed. An independent investigator who did not participate in the study scored patients' comfort during airway topical anaesthesia and patients' reaction during awake FOI. Changes in haemodynamics during the airway manipulation were also observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in the observed variables between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both 2 % lignocaine nebulization and 2 % lignocaine spray-as-you-go technique provided acceptable conditions for AFOI in TMJ patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P. India.
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhasmana
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P. India.
authors.forename: Vibha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P. India.
authors.forename: Uma Shankar
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Pal
keywords: Airway topical anaesthesia; Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI); Nebulisation; Spray-as-you-go