title: Spinal hemangiomas: results of surgical management for local recurrence and mortality in a multicenter study.
abstract: METHODS
  Multicenter, ambispective observational study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify local recurrence and mortality rates after surgical treatment of symptomatic spinal hemangiomas and identify prognostic variables for local disease control.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Spinal hemangiomas are the most common primary tumors of the spine and are generally benign and usually asymptomatic. Because of the rarity of symptomatic spinal hemangiomas, optimal surgical treatment remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  AOSpine Knowledge Forum Tumor Investigators created a multicenter database of primary spinal tumors including demographics, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, survival, and recurrence data. Tumors were classified according to Enneking and Weinstein-Boriani-Biagini. Descriptive statistics were summarized and time to mortality and recurrence was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1996 and 2012, 68 patients (mean age = 51 yr, SD = 16) underwent surgical treatment of a spinal hemangioma. Epidural disease was present in 55% of patients (n = 33). Pain and neurological compromise were presenting symptoms in 82% (n = 54) and 37% (n = 24) of patients, respectively. Preoperative embolization was performed in 35% of patients (n = 23), 10% (n = 7) had adjuvant radiotherapy, and 81% (n = 55) underwent posterior-alone surgery. The local recurrence rate was 3% (n = 2). Mortality secondary to spinal hemangioma was not observed (mean follow-up = 3.9 yr, SD = 3.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the largest multicenter surgical cohort of spinal hemangiomas. Symptomatic spinal hemangiomas are a benign tumor despite frequently presenting with epidural disease and neurological compromise. Thus, formal en bloc resection is not required, and excellent rates of local control and long-term survival can result from aggressive intralesional resection during index surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  3.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada †National Center for Spinal Disorders and Buda Health Center, Budapest, Hungary ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD §Department of Degenerative and Oncological Spine Surgery, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy ¶Oncologia Ortopedica e Ricostruttiva del Rachide, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy ‖Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX **Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada ††Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA ‡‡Department of Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia §§Orthopaedic Surgery, The CORE Institute, Sun City West, AZ ¶¶Center for Spine Studies and Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and ‖‖Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Japan.
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Peter Pal
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Ziya L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Gokaslan
authors.forename: Stefano
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authors.lastname: Boriani
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authors.lastname: Luzzati
authors.forename: Laurence
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authors.lastname: Rhines
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Dean
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authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
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authors.forename: Mark B
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authors.lastname: Dekutoski
authors.forename: Nasir A
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authors.lastname: Quraishi
authors.forename: Chetan
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authors.lastname: Bettegowda
authors.forename: Norio
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authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fehlings
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult