title: [Tibial nerve transcutaneous stimulation for refractory idiopathic overactive bladder in children and adolescents].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and tolerability of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TENS) in patients under 15years of age with refractory overactive bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted on outcomes of TENS (1daily 20-minute session, 10Hz) in patients with refractory overactive bladder, excluding patients with neurogenic bladder. Treatment efficacy was evaluated on symptomatic improvement and voiding schedule. Healing was defined as following: no recurrence of urinary tract infection, normal urodynamic voiding parameters, no nighttime continence disorder, normal uroflowmetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen consecutive patients with refractory overactive bladder were treated from November 2010 to March 2012 (11girls, 8boys, age 12.1±2.7 years). Three patients reported only daytime voiding disorders, the others reported daytime and nighttime voiding disorders. Ten patients reported febrile urinary tract infection (1 boy, 9 girls). The average length of treatment was 6 months. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Thirteen patients had only tibial TENS; 3 patients had tibial TENS and trospium chloride or desmopressin. At 1-month assessment, 16 patients out of 17 (94%) reported symptomatic improvement. At the end of treatment, 12 patients out of 17 (70%) met healing criteria (5 boys, 7girls), without relapse within 9 months. Three boys (18%) had partial improvement (no daytime wetting, but increased daytime frequency). No patient reported side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tibial TENS is a safe, non invasive and effective treatment in refractory overactive bladder in children. The success rate is 70%, with no side effect and no relapse at the end of the treatment in our study.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, hôpital des enfants de Toulouse, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France. Electronic address: bouali.o@chu-toulouse.fr.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bouali
authors.affiliation: Département d'urologie, transplantation rénale et andrologie, CHU de Rangueil, TSA 50032, 1, avenue du Professeur Jean-Poulhes, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Even
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, hôpital des enfants de Toulouse, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mouttalib
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, hôpital des enfants de Toulouse, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moscovici
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, hôpital des enfants de Toulouse, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galinier
authors.affiliation: Département d'urologie, transplantation rénale et andrologie, CHU de Rangueil, TSA 50032, 1, avenue du Professeur Jean-Poulhes, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Game
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013979:Tibial Nerve; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Child; Enfant; Hyperactivité vésicale; Nerf tibial; Neurostimulation transcutanée; Overactive bladder; Tibial nerve; Transcutaneous stimulation