title: Enzymatic Menthol Production: One-Pot Approach Using Engineered Escherichia coli.
abstract: Menthol isomers are high-value monoterpenoid commodity chemicals, produced naturally by mint plants, Mentha spp. Alternative clean biosynthetic routes to these compounds are commercially attractive. Optimization strategies for biocatalytic terpenoid production are mainly focused on metabolic engineering of the biosynthesis pathway within an expression host. We circumvent this bottleneck by combining pathway assembly techniques with classical biocatalysis methods to engineer and optimize cell-free one-pot biotransformation systems and apply this strategy to the mint biosynthesis pathway. Our approach allows optimization of each pathway enzyme and avoidance of monoterpenoid toxicity issues to the host cell. We have developed a one-pot (bio)synthesis of (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol and (1S,2S,5R)-(+)-neomenthol from pulegone, using recombinant Escherichia coli extracts containing the biosynthetic genes for an "ene"-reductase (NtDBR from Nicotiana tabacum) and two menthone dehydrogenases (MMR and MNMR from Mentha piperita). Our modular engineering strategy allowed each step to be optimized to improve the final production level. Moderate to highly pure menthol (79.1%) and neomenthol (89.9%) were obtained when E. coli strains coexpressed NtDBR with only MMR or MNMR, respectively. This one-pot biocatalytic method allows easier optimization of each enzymatic step and easier modular combination of reactions to ultimately generate libraries of pure compounds for use in high-throughput screening. It will be, therefore, a valuable addition to the arsenal of biocatalysis strategies, especially when applied for (semi)-toxic chemical compounds.
authors.forename: Helen S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Toogood
authors.forename: Aisling
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ní Cheallaigh
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tait
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mansell
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jervis
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lygidakis
authors.affiliation: Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline , Gunnel's Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, U.K.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.forename: Nigel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Scrutton
mesh_terms: D057005:Bioengineering / Q000379:methods*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008610:Menthol / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008610:Menthol
keywords: Escherichia coli; menthol production; one-pot biosynthesis; recombinant biosynthetic pathways