title: An Assessment of the Oral Bioavailability of Three Ca-Channel Blockers Using a Cassette-Microdose Study: A New Strategy for Streamlining Oral Drug Development.
abstract: A cassette-microdose (MD) clinical study was performed to demonstrate its usefulness for identifying the most promising compound for oral use. Three Ca-channel blockers (nifedipine, nicardipine, and diltiazem) were chosen as model drugs. In the MD clinical study, a cassette-dose method was employed in which three model drugs were administered simultaneously. Both intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration studies were conducted to calculate the oral bioavailability (BA). For comparison, p.o. studies with therapeutic dose (ThD) levels were also performed. In all studies, blood concentrations of each drug were successfully determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with the lower limit of quantification of 0.2-2.0 pg/mL. Oral BA of nifedipine in the MD study was approximately 50% and in the same range with that obtained in the ThD study, whereas other two drugs showed significantly lower BA in the MD study, indicating a dose-dependent absorption. In addition, compared with the ThD study, absorption of nicardipine was delayed in the MD study. As a result, nifedipine was considered to be most promising for oral use. In conclusion, a cassette-MD clinical study is of advantage for oral drug development that enables to identify the candidate having desired properties for oral use.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: General Clinical Research Center, Oita University Hospital, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzaki
authors.affiliation: General Clinical Research Center, Oita University Hospital, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: General Clinical Research Center, Oita University Hospital, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: General Clinical Research Center, Oita University Hospital, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inano
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Business Division, Sumika Chemical Analysis Service, Ltd, Osaka, 554-0022, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Business Division, Sumika Chemical Analysis Service, Ltd, Osaka, 554-0022, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuninori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mutaguchi
authors.affiliation: Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN Research Cluster for Innovation, Yokohama Bio Industry Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009529:Nicardipine; D004110:Diltiazem; D009543:Nifedipine
keywords: Nonlinear pharmacokinetics; bioavailability; cassette dose; clinical study; dose proportionality; first-pass metabolism; microdose; oral absorption