title: ANKH Polymorphisms and Clicking of the Temporomandibular Joint in Dental Residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to carry out a case-control research study to assess occurrence of clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in order to establish the relationship between TMJ clicking and the genotype of "ANKH inorganic pyrophosphate transport regulator" (ANKH) polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 41 first-year dental residents was selected. Each was examined using standard clinical procedures and genotyping techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participation rate was 91.8 %. The prevalence of TMJ clicking was 51.2 % (95 % CI: 35.7-66.7 %). Occurrence of TMJ clicking was not related to age, gender and genotypes of ANKH-OR as well as ANKH-TR polymorphisms (p ≥ 0.165).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A similar distribution of ANKH genotypes in TMJ clicking and asymptomatic individuals has been demonstrated by this study. A high percentage of TMJ clicking has been confirmed. Future investigations are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
authors.forename: Boyen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Katsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Honoka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiso
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bessho
keywords: ANKH; Clicking; Oral surgeon; Polymorphism; Temporomandibular disorders