title: Glucose-insulin-potassium solution protects ventricular myocytes of neonatal rat in an in vitro coverslip ischemia/reperfusion model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The benefit of high glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution in clinical applications is controversial. We established a neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM) in vitro coverslip ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and investigated the effects of GIK solution on suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulating O-GlcNacylation, which protects cells from ischemic injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  NRVMs were isolated from postnatal day 3-4 Sprague-Dawley rat pups and grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing high glucose (4.5 g/L), fetal bovine serum, and penicillin/streptomycin. The effects of the GIK solution on ROS production, apoptosis, and expression of O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were investigated in the coverslip I/R model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Covering the 24-well culture plates for 3 hr with 12 mm diameter coverslips resulted in the appropriate ischemic shock. Glucose and insulin synergistically reduced ROS production, protected NRVM dose-dependently from apoptosis, and altered O-GlcNAc and OGT expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high GIK solution protected NRVM from I/R injury in vitro by reducing ROS and altering O-GlcNacylation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, College of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Deuk-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Nah
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Dongguk Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: HyunSook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Dongguk Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Il Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Moon
keywords: GlcNAc; Glucose-insulin-potassium cardioplegic solution; Myocytes, cardiac; O-GlcNac transferase