title: Effect of prepartal ad libitum feeding of grass silage on transcriptional adaptations of the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue in dairy cows during the periparturient period.
abstract: Prepartal energy overfeeding may predispose cows to a state of increased insulin resistance with greater lipolysis after parturition. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of prepartal overfeeding in terms of abundant grass silage ration on the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) gene expression around parturition. Sixteen multiparous Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows were fed ad libitum either grass silage [high energy, HE; 144 MJ/d of metabolizable energy (ME) intake, n=8] or a mixture of grass silage, wheat straw, and rapeseed meal [55:40:5 (CON), 109 MJ/d of ME, n=8] during the dry period (58.2±4.89 d, mean ± standard deviation). Tissue biopsies and blood samples were collected at -14 (±4.98), 1, and 7 d relative to the actual parturition date. The HE cows had greater total dry matter intake, ME intake, and ME balance during the dry period than the CON cows. Compared with CON, the increases in body weight and body condition score were greater in HE during the dry period. Milk yield during the first 2 wk of lactation was not different between the groups. Plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, glucagon, and β-hydroxybutyrate did not differ between the groups during the transition period. Dietary treatment did not affect hepatic triglyceride content; however, a delayed increase in hepatic total lipid content was observed in the HE cows at d 1 postpartum. Hepatic cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 mRNA expression was lower in HE than in CON at d 1 and 7 postpartum. Adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA abundance tended to be lower in SAT of HE than CON. Lower lipoprotein lipase, leptin, and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase mRNA abundances were observed at d 7 postpartum in SAT of the HE cows compared with the CON cows. We concluded that prepartal ad libitum feeding of grass silage may decrease insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis in SAT during peripartal period and may attenuate the increase of hepatic gluconeogenic capacity from propionate compared with a controlled-energy diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: shaimaa.selim@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokkonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, FI-04920 Saarentaus, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taponen
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanhatalo
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007774:Lactation; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D036801:Parturition / Q000502:physiology*; D006109:Poaceae; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012820:Silage; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: dairy cow; gluconeogenesis; insulin resistance; lipogenesis; prepartal energy