title: The Aurora A-HP1γ pathway regulates gene expression and mitosis in cells from the sperm lineage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HP1γ, a well-known regulator of gene expression, has been recently identified to be a target of Aurora A, a mitotic kinase which is important for both gametogenesis and embryogenesis. The purpose of this study was to define whether the Aurora A-HP1γ pathway supports cell division of gametes and/or early embryos, using western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, shRNA-based knockdown, site-directed mutagenesis, and Affymetrix-based genome-wide expression profiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We find that the form of HP1γ phosphorylated by Aurora A, P-Ser83 HP1γ, is a passenger protein, which localizes to the spermatozoa centriole and axoneme. In addition, disruption in this pathway causes centrosomal abnormalities and aberrations in cell division. Expression profiling of male germ cell lines demonstrates that HP1γ phosphorylation is critical for the regulation of mitosis-associated gene expression networks. In female gametes, we observe that P-Ser83-HP1γ is not present in meiotic centrosomes of M2 oocytes, but after syngamy, it becomes detectable during cleavage divisions, coinciding with early embryonic genome activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the idea that phosphorylation of HP1γ by Aurora A plays a role in the regulation of gene expression and mitotic cell division in cells from the sperm lineage and in early embryos. Combined, this data is relevant to better understanding the function of HP1γ in reproductive biology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. poebz11@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Phoebe H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Guggenheim 10, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. grzenda.adrienne@mayo.edu.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. grzenda.adrienne@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grzenda
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Guggenheim 10, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. mathison.angela@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathison
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. morbeck.dean@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Dean E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Morbeck
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. fredrickson.jolene@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Jolene R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fredrickson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Guggenheim 10, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. deAssuncao.Thiago@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Thiago M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: de Assuncao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. christensen.trace@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Trace
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. salisbury@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salisbury
authors.affiliation: Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite Laval (CHUL) Research Center, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada. cezequiel@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ezequiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherché en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 624, Stress Cellulaire, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 915, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 9, 13288, France. juan.iovanna@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iovanna
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. coddington.charles@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Coddington
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Guggenheim 10, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. urrutia.raul@mayo.edu.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. urrutia.raul@mayo.edu.|Translational Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. urrutia.raul@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urrutia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Guggenheim 10, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. lomberk.gwen@mayo.edu.|Translational Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. lomberk.gwen@mayo.edu.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. lomberk.gwen@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Gwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lomberk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064096:Aurora Kinase A / Q000378:metabolism*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008938:Mitosis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C518294:CBX3 protein, human; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D064096:Aurora Kinase A