title: A review of the incidence of iatrogenic hernia in both laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery: Using CT as the gold standard of detection, cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of incisional hernia varies considerably in the literature. The aim of our study was to calculate the incidence of various types of the occult iatrogenic hernias following colorectal surgery, both laparoscopic and open, using CT scan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included all patients who underwent colorectal resection procedures in a colorectal surgery department over an 11 year period between 2001 and 2012 who went on to have a CT scan post surgery. The term iatrogenic hernia included all postoperative hernias at laparotomy incision site in the open colorectal subgroup, hernias at the site of specimen extraction or port site hernias in the laparoscopic colorectal subgroup, and parastomal hernias in both subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of diagnosed iatrogenic hernias was 74 (61 detected on CT scan and 13 repaired on clinical grounds). Out of the 74 diagnosed iatrogenic hernias, 23 (31.1%) required surgical repair; 11 in the LCR (6 incisional, 2 parastomal and 2 port site hernias) and 12 in the OCR (9 incisional and 3 parastomal).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of iatrogenic hernias is underestimated. The use of CT will increase the number detected. There is no significant difference in the incidence of iatrogenic hernias between laparoscopic and open colorectal procedures.
authors.affiliation: Colorectal Surgery Department, Prince Charles Hospital, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Nadernaguib71@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.affiliation: Colorectal Surgery Department, Prince Charles Hospital, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Henna_rafique@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Henna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rafique
authors.affiliation: Colorectal Surgery Department, Prince Charles Hospital, United Kingdom. Electronic address: pawankumardhruvarao@me.com.
authors.forename: Pawan Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Dhruva Rao
authors.affiliation: Colorectal Surgery Department, Prince Charles Hospital, United Kingdom. Electronic address: tomos@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Tomos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Longworth
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Prince Charles Hospital, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Jean-marc.soukias@wales.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Jean Mark
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soukias
authors.affiliation: Colorectal Surgery Department, Prince Charles Hospital, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Ashraf.Masoud@wales.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masoud
mesh_terms: D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006555:Hernia, Ventral / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Hernia; Iatrogenic; Incisional; Parastomal; Port