title: Chemical characterization and insecticidal properties of essential oils from different wild populations of Mentha suaveolens subsp. timija (Briq.) Harley from Morocco.
abstract: The present study is the first investigation of the volatile-oil variability and insecticidal properties of the endemic Moroccan mint Mentha suaveolens subsp. timija (mint timija). The yield of essential oils (EOs) obtained from different wild mint timija populations ranged from 0.20±0.02 to 1.17±0.25% (v/w). GC/MS Analysis revealed the presence of 44 oil constituents, comprising 97.3-99.9% of the total oil compositions. The main constituents were found to be menthone (1.2-62.6%), pulegone (0.8-26.6%), cis-piperitone epoxide (2.9-25.5%), piperitone (0.3-35.5%), trans-piperitone epoxide (8.1-15.7%), piperitenone (0.2-9.6%), piperitenone oxide (0.5-28.6%), (E)-caryophyllene (1.5-11.0%), germacrene D (1.0-15.7%), isomenthone (0.3-7.7%), and borneol (0.2-7.3%). Hierarchical-cluster analysis allowed the classification of the EOs of the different mint timija populations into four main groups according to the contents of their major components. This variability within the species showed to be linked to the altitude variation of the mint timija growing sites. The results of the insecticidal tests showed that all samples exhibited interesting activity against adults of Tribolium castaneum, but with different degrees. The highest toxicity was observed for the EOs belonging to Group IV, which were rich in menthone and pulegone, with LC50 and LC90 values of 19.0-23.4 and 54.9-58.0 μl/l air in the fumigation assay and LC50 and LC90 values of 0.17-0.18 and 0.40-0.52 μl/cm(2) in the contact assay.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Protection et Valorisation des Ressources Végétales (URAC 35), Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc, (phone: +212-524-434649; fax: +212-524-437412).
authors.forename: Ayoub
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasrati
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Protection et Valorisation des Ressources Végétales (URAC 35), Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc, (phone: +212-524-434649; fax: +212-524-437412).
authors.forename: Chaima
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alaoui Jamali
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Protection et Valorisation des Ressources Végétales (URAC 35), Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc, (phone: +212-524-434649; fax: +212-524-437412).
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bekkouche
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spooner-Hart
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia.|Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Protection et Valorisation des Ressources Végétales (URAC 35), Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc, (phone: +212-524-434649; fax: +212-524-437412). Abbad.abdelaziz@gmail.com, abbad@uca.ma.
authors.forename: Abdelaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D027541:Mentha / Q000737:chemistry*; D009018:Morocco; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D014231:Tribolium / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Contact assay; Essential oils; Fumigation assay; Hierarchical-cluster analysis (HCA); Insecticidal activity; Mentha suaveolens; Tribolium castaneum