title: Carbon and energy fixation of great duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza growing in swine wastewater.
abstract: The ability to fix carbon and energy in swine wastewater of duckweeds was investigated using Spirodela polyrhiza as the model species. Cultures of S. polyrhiza were grown in dilutions of both original swine wastewater (OSW) and anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) based on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). Results showed that elevated concentrations of TAN caused decreased growth, carbon fixation, and energy production rates, particularly just after the first rise in two types of swine wastewater. Also, OSW was more suitable for S. polyrhiza cultivation than ADE. Maximum carbon and energy fixation were achieved at OSW-TAN concentrations of 12.08 and 13.07 mg L(-1), respectively. Photosynthetic activity of S. polyrhiza could be inhibited by both nutrient stress (in high-concentration wastewater) and nutrient limitation (in low-concentration wastewater), affecting its growth and ability for carbon-energy fixation.
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. wangwenguo@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Wenguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chuang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qili
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: The Second Research Institute of CAAC, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Denggao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qichun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Danwei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D029064:Araceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D057486:Carbon Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Ammonia toxicity; Bioenergy; Duckweed; Nutrient stress; Photosynthesis; Swine wastewater