title: Do we need tailored smoking cessation interventions for smokers with COPD? A comparative study of smokers with and without COPD regarding factors associated with tobacco smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of tobacco smoking in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is high. It is assumed that this group of smokers has more difficulties quitting than smokers without COPD. In order to increase the effectiveness of smoking cessation treatments in smokers with COPD it is important to identify any smoking-related factors which are specific to this group of smokers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare smokers with COPD with smokers without COPD regarding factors associated with tobacco smoking and quitting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a questionnaire survey in all smoking patients with a recorded diagnosis of COPD from a large Dutch primary health care network. We compared this group with twice as many age-, sex- and health care centre-matched smokers without COPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents were 107 smokers with COPD and 86 smokers without COPD. The number of attempts to quit was similar in both groups but more smokers with COPD had ever used pharmacological, behavioural and alternative smoking cessation treatments. Furthermore, smokers with COPD more often received triggers to quit from their environment and from their general practitioner, and they were more concerned about, and aware of, the health risks of smoking. Importantly, smokers with COPD reported higher levels of depression and cigarette dependence and a lower self-efficacy to refrain from smoking than smokers without COPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smokers with COPD differ from smokers without COPD on several factors which are associated with tobacco smoking and quitting. Taking into account these differences may help to increase the effectiveness of smoking cessation treatments for the specific group of smokers with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eva A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: van Eerd
authors.forename: Carolien R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: van Rossem
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Spigt
authors.forename: Geertjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wesseling
authors.forename: Onno C P
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: van Schayck
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kotz
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012016:Reference Values; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome