title: Morphometry of the hard palate in Down's syndrome through CBCT-image analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the morphometry of the hard palate in Down's syndrome (DS) on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Santiago de Compostela University (Spain). The study group included 40 white DS individuals aged 10 to 40 years (mean = 18.8 ± 7.3 years), 25 males and 15 females. The control group consisted of 40 individuals matched for age and sex were selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine measurements were taken on the CBCT images. Axial plane: anteroposterior length (aAPL) and arch length (aARL); sagittal plane: anteroposterior length (sAPL), maximum height (sMH) and sagittal arch (sAR); coronal plane: interdental width (cIDW), height (cHE), skeletal width (cSW) and coronal arch (cAR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  aAPL, aARL, sAPL, sMH, sAR, cMH and cAR were comparable in the two groups. cIDW and cSW were greater in controls than in DS. We found no statistically significant differences between males and females with DS. In the controls, sAPL and sAR were greater in males than females. In DS, age only had a statistically significantly increasing effect on aAPL and sAPL. In the controls, age significantly affected sAR and cHE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hard palate is narrower in DS than in controls, but the anteroposterior measurements and the height of the vault are comparable in both groups.
authors.affiliation: OMEQUI Research Group, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Abeleira
authors.affiliation: OMEQUI Research Group, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Outumuro
authors.affiliation: OMEQUI Research Group, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-1091
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: OMEQUI Research Group, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Limeres
authors.affiliation: OMEQUI Research Group, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: OMEQUI Research Group, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Down's syndrome; anatomy; cone beam computed tomography; hard palate