title: Prevalence and Pattern of Chronic Kidney Disease in Antiretroviral-Naïve Patients with HIV/AIDS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic renal failure and HIV/AIDS are both prevalent in Nigeria. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of renal function in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive HIV-infected patients before initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment-inexperienced individuals were recruited. Patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension were excluded. Plasma creatinine level was used to measure the estimated glomerular filtration rate ([eGFR] by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation). Predictors of creatinine and eGFR were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 183 patients. In all, 44 (24%) patients had a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), implying moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). Considering the eGFR, 22 (12%) patients had stage 1, 117 (63.9%) stage 2, 13 (7.1%) stage 3, 27 (14.8%) stage 4, and 4 (2.2%) stage 5 CKD. Creatinine inversely correlated with CD4 (r = -.228, P = .025). CD4 predicts creatinine (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.8, P = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ART-naive patients, CKD is common, and low eGFR was associated with lower CD4 counts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria philipsade@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tewogbade Adeoye
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Adedeji
authors.affiliation: State Specialist Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Nife O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Adedeji
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Simeon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Adebisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ademola A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Idowu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Neurology Unit), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fawale
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Kayode A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jimoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV/AIDS; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD); antiretroviral naive; chronic kidney disease; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)