title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the dagang oilfield (china): distribution, sources, and risk assessment.
abstract: The levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in 27 upper layer (0-25 cm) soil samples collected from the Dagang Oilfield (China) in April 2013 to estimate their distribution, possible sources, and potential risks posed. The total concentrations of PAHs (∑PAHs) varied between 103.6 µg·kg(-1) and 5872 µg·kg(-1), with a mean concentration of 919.8 µg·kg(-1); increased concentrations were noted along a gradient from arable desert soil (mean 343.5 µg·kg(-1)), to oil well areas (mean of 627.3 µg·kg(-1)), to urban and residential zones (mean of 1856 µg·kg(-1)). Diagnostic ratios showed diverse source of PAHs, including petroleum, liquid fossil fuels, and biomass combustion sources. Combustion sources were most significant for PAHs in arable desert soils and residential zones, while petroleum sources were a significant source of PAHs in oilfield areas. Based ontheir carcinogenity, PAHs were classified as carcinogenic (B) or not classified/non-carcinogenic (NB). The total concentrations of carcinogenic PAHs (∑BPAHs) varied from 13.3 µg·kg(-1) to 4397 µg·kg(-1) across all samples, with a mean concentration of 594.4 µg·kg(-1). The results suggest that oilfield soil is subject to a certain level of ecological environment risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China. jiaohaihuaczxy@sina.com.|Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. jiaohaihuaczxy@sina.com.
authors.forename: Haihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. ruixp@ucas.ac.cn.|College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. ruixp@ucas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. shanghua1992@126.com.
authors.forename: Shanghua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. zhbai@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. xlzhuang@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xuliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. zbhuang2003@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhanbin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D061329:Oil and Gas Fields; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: oilfield; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); risk assessment; soil contaminant