title: Environmental Adaptations Improve Everyday Action in Schizophrenia.
abstract: Cognitive functioning, particularly executive functioning, is a strong predictor of functional outcomes in people with schizophrenia. Cognitive remediation has been shown to improve specific cognitive processes, but adjunctive interventions are required for meaningful gains in adaptive functioning, particularly in people with chronic illness. This study examined whether (and how) environmental adaptations, used without training, may circumvent cognitive difficulties and facilitate everyday task performance in individuals with chronic schizophrenia. Forty-two individuals with chronic schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder were administered cognitive measures and two versions of the Naturalistic Action Test (NAT)-a standard version (ST-NAT), and a user-centered version (UC-NAT) that incorporated environmental adaptations designed to facilitate task performance. The NAT conditions were counterbalanced across participants. Analyses compared performance between the NAT versions and examined the cognitive correlates of each NAT condition. Individuals with schizophrenia made fewer errors on the UC-NAT as compared to the ST-NAT; this between-group difference was significant for all error types. Compared to the ST-NAT, the UC-NAT performance was not significantly associated with an executive function measure of planning. Environmental adaptations may be implemented without extensive training to improve everyday action in individuals with chronic schizophrenia. Environmental adaptations that reduce planning demands may be most effective in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology,Temple University,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Rachel K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology,Temple University,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology,Temple University,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giovannetti
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognition; Cognitive remediation; Environmental adaptations; Everyday action; Executive functions; Schizophrenia