title: Crop rotational diversity enhances belowground communities and functions in an agroecosystem.
abstract: Biodiversity loss, an important consequence of agricultural intensification, can lead to reductions in agroecosystem functions and services. Increasing crop diversity through rotation may alleviate these negative consequences by restoring positive aboveground-belowground interactions. Positive impacts of aboveground biodiversity on belowground communities and processes have primarily been observed in natural systems. Here, we test for the effects of increased diversity in an agroecosystem, where plant diversity is increased over time through crop rotation. As crop diversity increased from one to five species, distinct soil microbial communities were related to increases in soil aggregation, organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial activity and decreases in the carbon-to-nitrogen acquiring enzyme activity ratio. This study indicates positive biodiversity-function relationships in agroecosystems, driven by interactions between rotational and microbial diversity. By increasing the quantity, quality and chemical diversity of residues, high diversity rotations can sustain soil biological communities, with positive effects on soil organic matter and soil fertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Room 114, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.|Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Tiemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Room 114, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Grandy
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 North Park St, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 North Park St, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marin-Spiotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Room 114, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.|Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Center for Carbon, Water and Food, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McDaniel
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development*; D008824:Michigan; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Crop rotation; microbial community; soil carbon; soil nitrogen; soil organic matter