title: Leuco-crystal-violet micelle gel dosimeters: II. Recipe optimization and testing.
abstract: In this study, recipe optimization of Leuco Crystal Violet (LCV) micelle gels made with the surfactant Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) and the chemical sensitizer 2,2,2-trichloroethanol (TCE) was aided by a two-level three-factor designed experiment. The optimized recipe contains 0.75 mM LCV, 17.0 mM CTAB, 120 mM TCE, 25.0 mM tri-chloro acetic acid (TCAA), 4 wt% gelatin and ~96 wt% water. Dose sensitivity of the optimized gel is 1.5 times higher than that of Jordan's standard LCV micelle gel. Spatial integrity of the 3D dose distribution information in 1L phantoms filled with this recipe is maintained for >120 d. Unfortunately, phantoms made using the optimized recipe showed dose-rate dependence (14% difference in optical attenuation at the peak dose using electron beam irradiations at 100 and 400 MU min(-1)). Further testing suggests that the surfactant CTAB is the cause of this dose rate behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Department Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olding
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: McAuley
mesh_terms: D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005023:Ethylene Chlorohydrin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000737:chemistry*; D008823:Micelles; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D005782:Gels; D008823:Micelles; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D005023:Ethylene Chlorohydrin; C005849:2,2,2-trichloroethanol; D005840:Gentian Violet; D000077286:Cetrimonium