title: Reliability and construct validity of PROMIS® measures for patients with heart failure who undergo heart transplant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reliability and construct validity of measures from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System(®) (PROMIS(®)) for patients with heart failure before and after heart transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed reliability of the PROMIS short forms using Cronbach's alpha and the average marginal reliability. To assess the construct validity of PROMIS computerized adaptive tests and short-form measures, we calculated Pearson product moment correlations between PROMIS measures of physical function, fatigue, depression, and social function and existing PRO measures of similar domains (i.e., convergent validity) as well as different domains (i.e., discriminate validity) in patients with heart failure awaiting heart transplant. We evaluated the responsiveness of these measures to change after heart transplant using effect sizes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight patients were included in the analyses. Across the many domains examined, correlations between conceptually similar domains were larger than correlations between different domains of health, demonstrating construct validity. Health status improved substantially after heart transplant (standardized effect sizes, 0.63-1.24), demonstrating the responsiveness of the PROMIS measures. Scores from the computerized adaptive tests and the short forms were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence for the reliability and construct validity (including responsiveness to change) of four PROMIS domains in patients with heart failure before and after heart transplant. PROMIS measures are a reasonable choice in this context and will facilitate comparisons across studies and health conditions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Amanda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dew
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 17969, Durham, NC, 27715, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 17969, Durham, NC, 27715, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fawzy
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 17969, Durham, NC, 27715, USA.
authors.forename: Felicia L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Social Sciences and Center for Patient-Centered Outcomes, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ron D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kormos
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Honghu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNulty
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 17969, Durham, NC, 27715, USA. kevin.weinfurt@duke.edu.|Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 17969, Durham, NC, 27715, USA. kevin.weinfurt@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Weinfurt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Congestive heart failure; Outcomes research; Patient-reported outcomes