title: Highly Oxidized Multifunctional Organic Compounds Observed in Tropospheric Particles: A Field and Laboratory Study.
abstract: Very recent studies have reported the existence of highly oxidized multifunctional organic compounds (HOMs) with O/C ratios greater than 0.7. Because of their low vapor pressure, these compounds are often referred as extremely low-volatile organic compounds (ELVOCs), and thus, they are able to contribute significantly to organic mass in tropospheric particles. While HOMs have been successfully detected in the gas phase, their fate after uptake into particles remains unclear to date. Hence, the present study was designed to detect HOMs and related oxidation products in the particle phase and, thus, to shed light on their fate after phase transfer. To this end, aerosol chamber investigations of α-pinene ozonolysis were conducted under near environmental precursor concentrations (2.4 ppb) in a continuous flow reactor. The chemical characterization shows three classes of particle constituents: (1) intact HOMs that contain a carbonyl group, (2) particle-phase decomposition products, and (3) highly oxidized organosulfates (suggested to be addressed as HOOS). Besides chamber studies, HOM formation was also investigated during a measurement campaign conducted in summer 2013 at the TROPOS research station Melpitz. During this field campaign, gas-phase HOM formation was found to be correlated with an increase in the oxidation state of the organic aerosol.
authors.affiliation: †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mutzel
authors.affiliation: †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poulain
authors.affiliation: †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berndt
authors.affiliation: †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Yoshiteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iinuma
authors.affiliation: †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodigast
authors.affiliation: †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Böge
authors.affiliation: †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richters
authors.affiliation: †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spindler
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sipilä
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulmala
authors.affiliation: †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000737:chemistry; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D010126:Ozone; C005451:alpha-pinene