title: Working in a 'third space': a closer look at the hybridity, identity and agency of nurse practitioners.
abstract: Nurse practitioners (NPs), as advanced practice nurses, have evolved over the years to become recognized as an important and growing trend in Canada and worldwide. In spite of sound evidence as to the effectiveness of NPs in primary care and other care settings, role implementation and integration continue to pose significant challenges. This article utilizes postcolonial theory, as articulated by Homi Bhabha, to examine and challenge traditional ideologies and structures that have shaped the development, implementation and integration of the NP role to this day. Specifically, we utilize Bhabha's concepts of third space, hybridity, identity and agency in order to further conceptualize the nurse practitioner role, to examine how the role challenges some of the inherent assumptions within the healthcare system and to explore how development of each to these concepts may prove useful in integration of nurse practitioners within the healthcare system. Our analysis casts light on the importance of a broader, power structure analysis and illustrates how colonial assumptions operating within our current healthcare system entrench, expand and re-invent, as well as mask the structures and practices that serve to impede nurse practitioner full integration and contributions. Suggestions are made for future analysis and research.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chulach
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Marilou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gagnon
mesh_terms: D057179:Advanced Practice Nursing; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002170:Canada; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000639:trends*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012933:Social Identification
keywords: advance practice nursing; agency; hybridity; identity; nurse practitioner; postcolonial; third space