title: Incorporating a primary care practicum in midwifery education.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a shortage of primary care providers in the United States. As more individuals obtain health insurance coverage with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the number seeking care will increase dramatically. Both the Institute of Medicine and the American College of Nurse-Midwives state that certified nurse-midwives and certified midwives should function at their full scope of practice, which includes primary care services as delineated by the Core Competencies for Basic Midwifery Practice. Nonetheless, the percentage of midwives who self-identify as primary care providers is decreasing. Dedicated primary care educational experiences may increase student confidence and encourage the incorporation of primary care into midwifery practice after graduation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Midwifery students in 2 cohorts completed questionnaires before and after a dedicated primary care practicum to study changes in the perceived level of confidence in primary care provision. The students in cohort A participated in 45 hours of primary care clinical time, whereas the students in cohort B participated in 88 hours of primary care clinical time. Postclinical focus groups provided qualitative data on student perceptions and attitudes about the clinical experience. Student responses were coded by cohort and analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen midwifery students from 2 cohorts completed questionnaires. Students in both cohorts reported increased perceived confidence in almost all primary care domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participation in a dedicated primary care clinical rotation increased student-perceived confidence in primary care practice. The inclusion of designated primary care clinical education in nurse-midwifery education may contribute to meeting the national need for primary care providers. This article is part of a special series of articles that address midwifery innovations in clinical practice, education, interprofessional collaboration, health policy, and global health.
authors.forename: Julia Lange
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Julia C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Phillippi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002568:Certification; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008880:Midwifery / Q000193:education*; D009721:Nurse Midwives / Q000193:education*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011320:Primary Health Care; D024382:Professional Role; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013338:Students, Nursing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: ACNM; competency; confidence; midwifery education; midwifery practice; primary care