title: Ammonia and ethylene biomarkers in the respiration of the people with schizophrenia using photoacoustic spectroscopy.
abstract: Oxidative stress has become an exciting area of schizophrenia (SCZ) research, and provides ample opportunities and hope for a better understanding of its pathophysiology, which may lead to new treatment strategies. The first objective of the present study was to analyze the oxidative stress markers in breath samples of patients with SCZ before and after the treatment with Levomepromazine. The second objective was to analyze the deficiency of amino acids marker in breath samples of patients with SCZ before and after the treatment. Exhaled breath was collected from 15 SCZ patients and 19 healthy controls; subsequently, CO2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to assess the exhaled breath compounds of the study subjects. One of the main breath biomarkers of the oxidative stress is ethylene, while one of the main breath biomarkers of the amino acids deficiency is ammonia. The breath biomarkers in the exhalation of SCZ patients exhibited significant differences from the breath biomarkers in the exhalation of healthy controls. Analysis of breath ethylene and breath ammonia provides a related model of SCZ exhalation that could represent an effective and convenient screening method for this intellectual disability.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physic, Laser Department, 409 Atomistilor Street, PO Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele, RomaniabUniversity Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Physics Department, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bu.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Popa
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physic, Laser Department, 409 Atomistilor Street, PO Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
authors.forename: Mioara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrus
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physic, Laser Department, 409 Atomistilor Street, PO Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bratu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005030:Ethylenes; D000641:Ammonia; C036216:ethylene