title: SNARE Molecules in Marchantia polymorpha: Unique and Conserved Features of the Membrane Fusion Machinery.
abstract: The membrane trafficking pathway has been diversified in a specific way for each eukaryotic lineage, probably to fulfill specific functions in the organisms. In green plants, comparative genomics has supported the possibility that terrestrialization and/or multicellularization could be associated with the elaboration and diversification of membrane trafficking pathways, which have been accomplished by an expansion of the numbers of genes required for machinery components of membrane trafficking, including soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins. However, information regarding membrane trafficking pathways in basal land plant lineages remains limited. In the present study, we conducted extensive analyses of SNARE molecules, which mediate membrane fusion between target membranes and transport vesicles or donor organelles, in the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. The M. polymorpha genome contained at least 34 genes for 36 SNARE proteins, comprising fundamental sets of SNARE proteins that are shared among land plant lineages with low degrees of redundancy. We examined the subcellular distribution of a major portion of these SNARE proteins by expressing Citrine-tagged SNARE proteins in M. polymorpha, and the results showed that some of the SNARE proteins were targeted to different compartments from their orthologous products in Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, MpSYP12B was localized to the surface of the oil body, which is a unique organelle in liverworts. Furthermore, we identified three VAMP72 members with distinctive structural characteristics, whose N-terminal extensions contain consensus sequences for N-myristoylation. These results suggest that M. polymorpha has acquired unique membrane trafficking pathways associated with newly acquired machinery components during evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan Department of Cell Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Era
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minamino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shikano
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishihama
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493 Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Yamato
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan.
authors.forename: Kimitsune
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.affiliation: Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0934 Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan tueda@bs.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D047008:Marchantia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010940:Plant Proteins; D050600:SNARE Proteins
keywords: Diversification; Liverwort; Marchantia polymorpha; Membrane traffic; SNARE