title: Consequences of metabolic and oxidative modifications of cartilage tissue.
abstract: A hallmark of chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and oxidative stress, as occurs in chronic inflammatory and degenerative conditions, is the presence of extensive protein post-translational modifications, including glycation, glycoxidation, carbonylation and nitrosylation. These modifications have been detected on structural cartilage proteins in joints and intervertebral discs, where they are known to affect protein folding, induce protein aggregation and, ultimately, generate microanatomical changes in the proteoglycan-collagen network that surrounds chondrocytes. Many of these modifications have also been shown to promote oxidative cleavage as well as enzymatically-mediated matrix degradation. Overall, a general picture starts to emerge indicating that biochemical changes in proteins constitute an early event that compromises the anatomical organization and viscoelasticity of cartilage, thereby affecting its ability to sustain pressure and, ultimately, impeding its overall bio-performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Centre, 1250 Waters Place, New York, NY 10467, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hardin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Centre, 1250 Waters Place, New York, NY 10467, USA.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cobelli
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and Orthopedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, New York, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santambrogio
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational