title: Emodin ameliorates hepatic steatosis through endoplasmic reticulum-stress sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c pathway in liquid fructose-feeding rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of emodin on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats induced by liquid fructose-feeding in rats and the possible underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control, fructose-feeding group, and three fructose-feeding groups treated with 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg emodin, respectively. After 4 weeks of feeding, liquid consumption, food intake, bodyweight, liver index, serum triglyceride (TG), glucose and aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), liver TG contents and histology features were examined. The hepatic expression of lipogenic and fatty acid oxidation key enzymes, and an upstream transcriptional factor, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) were determined. Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a liver endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) marker and the unfolded protein response (UPR) related proteins were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emodin reduced bodyweight, liver index, serum TG levels of fructose-feeding rats with no significant difference in serum glucose, AST and ALT levels. Emodin improved hepatic steatosis by inhibiting SREBP1c activation and its target genes, and enhancing carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 expression in fructose-feeding rats. Emodin resolved hepatic ERS and the UPR induced by liquid fructose in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emodin is capable of improving the lipid accumulation through the ERS-SREBP1c pathway in fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhimeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Shaojie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Sizhe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Nanjing, China.|Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Nanjing, China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Luyong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Nanjing, China.|Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhenzhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
keywords: emodin; endoplasmic reticulum stress; fructose; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c