title: Temperature rises in the round window caused by various light sources during insertion of rigid endoscopes: an experimental animal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The instruments used in endoscopic surgery include rigid endoscopes of different diameters and angles, sources of light and monitors. In this study, we explored temperature rises in the round window caused by insertion of rigid endoscopes of different diameters into the middle ear; the endoscopes were fitted with different light sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We subjected seven guinea pigs to simulate otological surgery at room temperature. We monitored body temperatures, along with temperature rises caused by the use of 0° rigid endoscopes of diameters 3 or 4 mm, fitted with light sources including a halogen light, a light-emitting diode (LED) and a xenon light. Data were collected every second from a sensor placed in the round window.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental study on 7 guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rise of the temperature on round window.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rigid endoscopes caused the temperature of the tympanum to rise when xenon and halogen light sources were used, regardless of endoscope diameter. However, the temperature rise was less when a LED light source was employed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endoscopic instruments used in middle ear surgery caused the temperature of the round window to rise. The rise varied with endoscope diameter and the type of light source used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dundar
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harran University Engineering Faculty, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bulut
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yükkaldiran
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: O K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Güler
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harran University Engineering Faculty, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Demirtaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iynen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bozkuş
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Soy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008027:Light; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000502:physiology*; D014978:Xenon
chemical_list: D014978:Xenon