title: A cross-sectional study on upright heart rate and BP changing characteristics: basic data for establishing diagnosis of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and orthostatic hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine upright heart rate and blood pressure (BP) changes to suggest diagnostic criteria for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and orthostatic hypertension (OHT) in Chinese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 1449 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were randomly recruited from two cities in China, Kaifeng in Henan province and Anguo in Hebei province. They were divided into two groups: 844 children aged 6-12 years (group I) and 605 adolescents aged 13-18 years (group II). Heart rate and BP were recorded during an active standing test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  95th percentile (P(95)) of δ heart rate from supine to upright was 38 bpm, with a maximum upright heart rate of 130 and 124 bpm in group I and group II, respectively. P(95) of δ systolic blood pressure (SBP) increase was 18 mm Hg and P(95) of upright SBP was 132 mm Hg in group I and 138 mm Hg in group II. P(95) of δ diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increase was 24 mm Hg in group I and 21 mm Hg in group II, and P(95) of upright DBP was 89 mm Hg in group I and 91 mm Hg in group II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  POTS is suggested when δ heart rate is ≥ 38 bpm (for easy memory, ≥ 40 bpm) from supine to upright, or maximum heart rate ≥ 130 bpm (children aged 6-12 years) and ≥ 125 pm (adolescents aged 13-18 years), associated with orthostatic symptoms. OHT is suggested when δ SBP (increase) is ≥ 20 mm Hg, and/or δ DBP (increase) ≥ 25 mm Hg (in children aged 6-12 years) or ≥ 20 mm Hg (in adolescents aged 13-18 years) from supine to upright; or upright BP ≥ 130/90 mm Hg (in children aged 6-12 years) or ≥ 140/90 mm Hg (in adolescents aged 13-18 years).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kaifeng Children's Hospital, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenhui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kaifeng Children's Hospital, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Capital Medical University, Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuxu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Angie Dong
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xueying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kaifeng Children's Hospital, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kaifeng Children's Hospital, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Sciences Centre, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chaoshu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junbao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongfang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D054972:Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: CARDIOLOGY