title: Chemical and biological metal nanoparticles as antimycobacterial agents: A comparative study.
abstract: Resistance among mycobacteria leading to multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major threat. However, nanotechnology has provided new insights in drug delivery and medicine development. This is the first comparative report to determine the activity of chemically and biologically synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against mycobacteria. Screening data revealed the high mycobactericidal efficiency of AgNPs, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of <3μg/mL, whereas no such activity was exhibited by AuNPs at concentrations up to 100μg/mL. Moreover, in vitro and ex vivo THP-1 infection model assays showed greater efficacy of chemical AgNPs compared with biogenic AgNPs to inhibit active and dormant stage mycobacterial growth. Up to 40% cytotoxicity against human cell lines was observed at a AgNP concentration of 10× MIC (30μg/mL) after 48h. AgNPs were shown to have more specificity towards mycobacteria than towards other Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. The selectivity index was found to be in the range of 11-23, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for use in developing new therapeutics for tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Combichem-Bioresource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Laxman U
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Nawale
authors.affiliation: Combichem-Bioresource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arkile
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
authors.forename: Utkarsha U
authors.initials: UU
authors.lastname: Shedbalkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
authors.forename: Sweety A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wadhwani
authors.affiliation: Combichem-Bioresource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Dhiman
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India. Electronic address: chopade@unipune.ac.in.
authors.forename: Balu A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Chopade
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D012834:Silver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Antimycobacterial agent; Cytotoxicity; Mycobacteria; Nanoparticles; Tuberculosis