title: Toxicity and bioactivity of cobalt nanoparticles on the monocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the toxicity and biological activity of cobalt nanoparticles on the osteoclasts. Analyze the relationship between cobalt nanoparticles and osteolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocyte-macrophages (RAW 264.7) was cultured in vitro, osteoclast-like cells were induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). After RAW 264.7 was induced for 24 h, Methyl Thiazolium Tetrazolium (MTT) biological toxicity test of osteoclast-like cell was preceded using Cobalt nanoparticles (set 4 concentrations: 10, 20, 50, 100 μM) and cobalt chloride (set 4 concentrations: 10, 20, 50, 100 μM) at 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h respectively. The relative expression of mRNA of CA II and Cat K after RAW 264.7 induction was determined by Q-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  mRNA relative expression of CA II, Cat K were reduced at multiple concentrations both cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt chloride, and was time and concentration dependent, cobalt nanoparticles are more significant than cobalt chloride group. But when the cobalt nanoparticles concentration is in 10-50 μM, the mRNA relative expression of CA II, Cat K increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cobalt nanoparticles have biological toxicity. At multiple concentrations, the differentiation and proliferation of osteoclasts was inhibited, but when the concentration of cobalt nanoparticles is in 10-50 μM, it has been strengthened.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of NanTong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ya-ke
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of NanTong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of NanTong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Qing-lin
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of NanTong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of NanTong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of NanTong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003035:Cobalt / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003035:Cobalt; C018021:cobaltous chloride
keywords: Cobalt nanoparticles; Osteoclast; Osteolysis; Toxicity