title: Analysis and evaluation of antibacterial effects of new herbal formulas, AP-001 and AP-002, against Escherichia coli O157:H7.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Over the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural substances for promoting human and animal health. Antibiotic resistance, enhanced by excessive use of antibiotics, has encouraged human and animal health authorities to consider and employ alternative approaches, including herbal and botanical medicine to combat invading microorganisms. Herein, the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus globulus, Salvia officinalis, Dianthus caryophyllus, Mentha spicata and Mentha piperita, were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against standard Escherichia coli O157:H7 by disk diffusion method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) were assessed via microdilution assay. In the next step, two combinations of these essential oils were formulated. Their in-vitro antibacterial effects were evaluated and compared with a commercially available herbal drug containing T. vulgaris essential oil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the results, the two new formulated essential oil combinations had more potent antibacterial effects against E. coli when compared to the commercial herbal drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented data indicate the potential antibacterial activity of these newly formulated essential oil remedies to be employed in the poultry industry in the fight against colibacillosis, although this claim has to be examined in experimental and clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza Rezaei
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Golestani
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacteriology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rad
authors.affiliation: Division of Poultry Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bassami
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: a-afkhami@um.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afkhami-Goli
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antibacterial; Essential oils; Herbal drug; MIC, MBC