title: Risk factors for prolonged ileus following colon surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prolonged ileus is one of the most common postoperative complications after colorectal surgery. We sought to investigate the predictors of prolonged ileus following elective colon resections procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The national participant user files of NSQIP databases were utilized to examine the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing elective colon resection during 2012-2013. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to investigate predictors of prolonged ileus. Prolonged ileus was defined as no return of bowel function in 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We sampled a total of 27,560 patients who underwent colon resections; of these, 3497 (12.7%) patients had prolonged ileus. Patients with ileocolonic anastomosis (ICA) had a significantly higher rate of prolonged ileus compared to patients with colorectal anastomosis (CRA) (15 vs. 11.5%, AOR 1.25, P < 0.01). Prolonged ileus was significantly associated with intra-abdominal infections (13 vs. 2.8%, AOR 2.56, P < 0.01) and anastomotic leakage (12 vs. 2.4%, AOR 2.50, P < 0.01). Factors such as preoperative sepsis (AOR 1.63, P < 0.01), disseminated cancer (AOR 1.24, P = 0.01), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AOR 1.27, P = 0.02) were associated with an increased risk of prolonged ileus, whereas oral antibiotic bowel preparation (AOR 0.77, P < 0.01) and laparoscopic surgery (AOR 0.51, P < 0.01) are associated with decreased prolonged ileus risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged ileus is a common condition following colon resection, with an incidence of 12.7%. Among colon surgeries, colectomy with ICA resulted in the highest rate of postoperative prolonged ileus. Prolonged ileus is positively associated with anastomotic leak and intra-abdominal infections; thus, a high index of suspicion must be had in all patients with prolonged postoperative ileus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Zhobin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Moghadamyeghaneh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Grace S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pigazzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA. mstamos@uci.edu.|John E. Connolly Chair in Surgery, 333 City Blvd. West Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA. mstamos@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stamos
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery; D045823:Ileus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D059413:Intraabdominal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D065840:Protective Factors; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Colorectal surgery; Paralytic ileus; Prolonged ileus