title: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with increased arterial stiffness in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, but not pre-diabetes and diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and arterial stiffness in adults with normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes after excluding known diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4860 subjects were divided into normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes groups according to the American Diabetes Association 2011 diagnostic criteria. The severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was divided into mild and moderate to severe. Increased arterial stiffness was defined as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) ⩾ 1400 cm/s.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in the prevalence of mild and moderate to severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease between subjects with and without increased arterial stiffness. Mild (odds ratio (OR) = 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43-2.84) and moderate to severe (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.33-3.46) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were independently associated with increased arterial stiffness in the normal glucose tolerance group. In the pre-diabetes and diabetes groups, neither mild nor moderate to severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was associated with increased arterial stiffness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on arterial stiffness is apparent in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, but not in diabetes and pre-diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chieh-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jin-Shang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Zih-Jie
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Feng-Hwa
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC em75210@email.ncku.ed.tw fhlu@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chih-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose
keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; arterial stiffness; diabetes; normal glucose tolerance; pre-diabetes