title: Dispositions and tissue depletion of melamine in ducks.
abstract: To evaluate the toxicokinetics and persistence of residues of melamine (MEL) in ducks, MEL was administered intravenously (i.v.) or orally (p.o.) to ducks at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg body weight. The concentration of MEL in the plasma and various tissues was detected using HPLC equipped with an ultraviolet detector. The plasma concentration of MEL in ducks was determined up to 12 h after both i.v. and p.o. administrations. The average value of elimination half-life (t₁/₂β) of MEL was 2.16 ± 0.37 and 2.01 ± 0.56 h after i.v. and p.o. administration, respectively. The absolute p.o. bioavailability was 90.79%. MEL was measurable in the liver and kidney after p.o. administration with maximum levels of 15.80 ± 1.81 and 15.49 ± 2.12 μg/g at 6 h, respectively. The results suggest that most of the administered MEL is efficiently absorbed from the gastro intestinal tract, and it has the ability to distribute into various tissues of the duck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suknikom
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jermnak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poapolathep
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isariyodom
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.affiliation: Food safety Commission, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poapolathep
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004350:Drug Residues; D004372:Ducks / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D008297:Male; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014227:Triazines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; C011907:melamine