title: Injuries in marginal workers and social trauma in female: Important cause of the paradigm shift in eye injury over a decade.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changing profile of work force can give rise different types of injuries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse causative factors (Host-Agent-Event) in ocular trauma over last 15 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital based prospective study during 1997-2012. Detailed information on nature of trauma; agent and setting were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cohort included 12365 eye injuries, 1241 serious cases. Prevalence - 0.45 /10000 Mean age 45.8 with bi- modal pattern of incidence, 3:1 male-female ratio. 80% closed globe, 48% workplace injury (90% in marginal labourers with an exponential annual increase). 10% cases from garage mechanics.60% of eye injuries in female were related to "social violence". Multivariate analysis has detected new causative agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant change in parameters of trauma (Host-Agent-Event) is resulting in paradigm shift in eye injury. Unorganised unaccustomed labour in workplace injury and "social trauma" in females has become an important cause of eye injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bokaro General Hospital, Steel Authority of India Limited, Bokaro Steel City, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: Sanjoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
keywords: Eye injury; marginal workers; paradigm shift; social trauma