title: Exploiting lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers to modify membrane composition and generate two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns.
abstract: Supported lipid bilayers have proven effective as model membranes for investigating biophysical processes and in development of sensor and array technologies. The ability to modify lipid bilayers after their formation and in situ could greatly advance membrane technologies, but is difficult via current state-of-the-art technologies. Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. We exploit the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule, interacting with lipid bilayers to generate voids that can be backfilled to introduce desired membrane components. We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. Significantly, this technique can be used to repeatedly modify membranes allowing iterative control over membrane composition. This approach expands our toolkit for functional membrane design, with potential applications for enhanced materials templating, biosensing and investigating lipid-membrane processes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Kirstie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Swingle
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.
authors.forename: Walter F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Paxton
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nogan
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Loreen R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Stromberg
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Millicent A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Firestone
authors.affiliation: 1] Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA [2] New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Harshini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mukundan
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Montaño
mesh_terms: D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008081:Liposomes; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; C017251:1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine