title: Pulmonary aspergilloma: A rare differential diagnosis to lung cancer after positive FDG PET scan.
abstract: Early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, is important to improve morbidity and mortality. Therefore any suspect solitary pulmonary nodule should prompt the pursuit for a definitive histological diagnosis. We describe the case of a 55-years-old male ex-smoker, who was admitted to our hospital due to recurrent hemoptysis and dry cough. A CT scan showed an irregular nodule of increasing size (28 mm in diameter) in the left lower lobe (LLL). A whole body PET-CT scan (643 MBq F-18 FDG i.v.) was performed and confirmed an avid FDG uptake of the nodule in the LLL, highly suspicious of lung cancer, without any evidence of lymphogenic or hematogenic metastasis. Bronchoscopy was not diagnostic and due to severe adhesions after prior chest trauma and the central location of the nodule, a lobectomy of the LLL was performed. Surprisingly, histology showed a simple aspergilloma located in a circumscribed bronchiectasis with no evidence of malignancy. This is a report of an informative example of an aspergilloma, which presented with symptoms and radiological features of malignant lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Tiefenau Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spycher
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gregor J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kocher
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gugger
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sebastian R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ott
keywords: Lung cancer; PET; Pulmonary aspergilloma; Pulmonary nodule