title: A Controlled Trial of Supported Employment for People With Severe Mental Illness and Justice Involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Employment is a key to participation in community life for people with severe mental illness, especially those who have been involved in the criminal justice system. Although the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment has been established as an evidence-based practice for helping people with severe mental illness attain competitive employment, little is known about whether IPS is effective for people with severe mental illness who have a history of arrest or incarceration. This study examined this question.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial examined competitive employment outcomes for 85 participants with severe mental illness and justice involvement who were assigned to IPS or to a comparison group that offered a job club approach with peer support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At one-year follow-up, a greater proportion of participants in the IPS group than in the comparison group had obtained competitive employment (31% versus 7%; p<.01). The IPS and comparison groups did not differ significantly during follow-up in rates of hospitalization (51% versus 40%) or justice involvement-either arrests (24% versus 19%) or incarceration (2% for both groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although IPS was shown to be an effective model for helping justice-involved clients with severe mental illness achieve employment, the outcomes were modest compared with those in prior IPS studies. The IPS model provided a useful framework for employment services for this population, but augmentations may be needed.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Bond, Dr. Kim, Ms. Becker, Ms. Swanson, and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ). Ms. Krzos, Ms. Fraser, and Ms. O'Neill are with Thresholds, Chicago. Ms. Frounfelker is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Dr. Bond, Dr. Kim, Ms. Becker, Ms. Swanson, and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ). Ms. Krzos, Ms. Fraser, and Ms. O'Neill are with Thresholds, Chicago. Ms. Frounfelker is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sunny Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Dr. Bond, Dr. Kim, Ms. Becker, Ms. Swanson, and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ). Ms. Krzos, Ms. Fraser, and Ms. O'Neill are with Thresholds, Chicago. Ms. Frounfelker is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Deborah R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Dr. Bond, Dr. Kim, Ms. Becker, Ms. Swanson, and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ). Ms. Krzos, Ms. Fraser, and Ms. O'Neill are with Thresholds, Chicago. Ms. Frounfelker is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: Dr. Bond, Dr. Kim, Ms. Becker, Ms. Swanson, and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ). Ms. Krzos, Ms. Fraser, and Ms. O'Neill are with Thresholds, Chicago. Ms. Frounfelker is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.affiliation: Dr. Bond, Dr. Kim, Ms. Becker, Ms. Swanson, and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ). Ms. Krzos, Ms. Fraser, and Ms. O'Neill are with Thresholds, Chicago. Ms. Frounfelker is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Izabela M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Krzos
authors.affiliation: Dr. Bond, Dr. Kim, Ms. Becker, Ms. Swanson, and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ). Ms. Krzos, Ms. Fraser, and Ms. O'Neill are with Thresholds, Chicago. Ms. Frounfelker is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Virginia V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.affiliation: Dr. Bond, Dr. Kim, Ms. Becker, Ms. Swanson, and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ). Ms. Krzos, Ms. Fraser, and Ms. O'Neill are with Thresholds, Chicago. Ms. Frounfelker is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.affiliation: Dr. Bond, Dr. Kim, Ms. Becker, Ms. Swanson, and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ). Ms. Krzos, Ms. Fraser, and Ms. O'Neill are with Thresholds, Chicago. Ms. Frounfelker is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Rochelle L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Frounfelker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016832:Employment, Supported / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational; D057566:Self Report; D012935:Social Justice