title: [Influence of remote ischemic preconditioning on brain injury markers dynamics during cardiopulmonary bypass].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Remote ischemic preconditioning has gained clinicians' attention as a technique to protect the heart in patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. While experimental data report neuroprotective properties of remote ischemic preconditioning, we failed to find any clinical studies investigating its effects on neurologic outcome in cardiac surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This prospective randomized placebo-controlled study was undertaken with the aim of elucidating the role of remote ischemic preconditioning for neuroprotection in cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  88 patients with coronary heart disease scheduled for on-pump coronary bypass grafting surgery were randomized to receive either remote ischemic preconditioning or control. We studied S100B peptide and neuron-specific enolase to assess neurological damage. Psychophysiological tests were employed to investigate cognitive function after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The perioperative dynamics of S100B and neuron-specific enolase followed similar patterns in both groups throughout the observation period. At the end of surgery, level of S100B was significantly higher in the preconditioning group as compared to controls--0.58 (0.33-0.65) vs. 0.34 (0.23-0.42) mcg/l, p<O. 01). No other significant between-group differences in biochemical markers were observed. No between-group differences in cognitive function and neurologic outcome after surgery were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that remote ischemic preconditioning does not affect neuronal damage and neurologic outcome in patients operated under cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Lomivorotov
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Shmyrev
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Ponomarev
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Efremov
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shilova
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Postnov
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000601:surgery; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000009:adverse effects; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase