title: Assessment of Electromagnetic Interference with Active Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) Caused by the Qi A13 Design Wireless Charging Board.
abstract: Electromagnetic interference is a concern for people wearing cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The aim of this study was to assess the electromagnetic compatibility between CIEDs and the magnetic field of a common wireless charging technology. To do so the voltage induced in CIEDs by Qi A13 design magnetic fields were measured and compared with the performance limits set by ISO 14117. In order to carry this out a measuring circuit was developed which can be connected with unipolar or bipolar pacemaker leads. The measuring system was positioned at the four most common implantation sites in a torso phantom filled with physiological saline solution. The phantom was exposed by using Helmholtz coils from 5 µT to 27 µT with 111 kHz sine‑bursts or by using a Qi A13 design wireless charging board (Qi‑A13‑Board) in two operating modes "power transfer" and "pinging". With the Helmholtz coils the lowest magnetic flux density at which the performance limit was exceeded is 11 µT. With the Qi‑A13‑Board in power transfer mode 10.8% and in pinging mode 45.7% (2.2% at 10 cm distance) of the performance limit were reached at maximum. In neither of the scrutinized cases, did the voltage induced by the Qi‑A13‑Board exceed the performance limits.
authors.affiliation: The Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (FEMU), Institute and Out-patient Clinic of Occupational Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. seckler@femu.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seckler
authors.affiliation: The Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (FEMU), Institute and Out-patient Clinic of Occupational Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. jagielski@femu.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jagielski
authors.affiliation: The Research Center for Bioelectromagnetic Interaction (FEMU), Institute and Out-patient Clinic of Occupational Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. stunder@femu.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stunder
mesh_terms: D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D018570:Risk Assessment; D059015:Wireless Technology
keywords: EMF risk assessment; Qi A13 design; defibrillator; electromagnetic interference; intermediate frequency magnetic fields; pacemaker; performance limits; wireless charging; wireless power transfer