title: Irradiation Can Selectively Kill Tumor Cells while Preserving Erythrocyte Viability in a Co-Culture System.
abstract: An understanding of how to safely apply intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) in cancer surgery has not yet been obtained. Here, we investigated the optimal dose of 137Cs gamma-ray irradiation for killing human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), gastrocarcinoma (SGC7901), and colonic carcinoma (SW620) tumor cells while preserving co-cultured erythrocytes obtained from 14 healthy adult volunteers. HepG2, SGC7901, or SW620 cells were mixed into the aliquots of erythrocytes. After the mixed cells were treated with 137Cs gamma-ray irradiation (30, 50, and 100 Gy), tumor cells and erythrocytes were separated by density gradient centrifugation in Percoll with a density of 1.063 g/ml. The viability, clonogenicity, DNA synthesis, tumorigenicity, and apoptosis of the tumor cells were determined by MTT assay, plate colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, subcutaneous xenograft implantation into immunocompromised mice, and annexin V/7-AAD staining, respectively. The ATP concentration, 2,3-DPG level, free Hb concentration, osmotic fragility, membrane phosphatidylserine externalization, blood gas variables, reactive oxygen species levels, and superoxide dismutase levels in erythrocytes were analyzed. We found that 137Cs gamma-ray irradiation at 50 Gy effectively inhibited the viability, proliferation, and tumorigenicity of HepG2, SGC7901, and SW620 cells without markedly damaging the oxygen-carrying ability or membrane integrity or increasing the oxidative stress of erythrocytes in vitro. These results demonstrated that 50 Gy irradiation in a standard 137Cs blood irradiator might be a safe and effective method of inactivating HepG2, SGC7901, and SW620 cells mixed with erythrocytes, which might help to safely allow IBS in cancer surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Ting
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hui
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China.
authors.forename: Lie-Ju
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Jiang
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000528:radiation effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D057725:Operative Blood Salvage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012449:Safety; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase