title: Surgical management of adrenocortical carcinoma.
abstract: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare but one of the most malignant endocrine tumors. This article reviews and summarizes the current knowledge about the treatment of ACC. The epidemiology and molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of ACC are briefly outlined. The different diagnostic tools to distinguish benign from malignant adrenocortical tumors, including biochemical analysis and imaging, are discussed. The surgical treatment of ACC has evolved in the last 2 decades. The different surgical alternatives for the treatment of ACC in the context of primary, recurrent, or metastatic disease are reviewed, and the remaining challenges and controversies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolic, Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1259, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Gustavo G Fernandez
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ranvier
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, First Ave at 16th St, Baird Hall, 16th Floor, Suite 20, New York, NY 10003, USA. Electronic address: william.inabnet@mountsinai.org.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Inabnet
mesh_terms: D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D018268:Adrenocortical Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008939:Mitotane / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D008939:Mitotane
keywords: Adrenocortical carcinoma; Adrenocortical tumor; Chemotherapy for adrenocortical carcinoma; Metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma; Mitotane treatment; Open adrenalectomy