title: A rare case of spontaneous inguinal faecal fistula as a complication of incarcerated Richter's hernia with brief review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Richter's hernia has an early misleading presentation with tendency to strangulation due to common lack of obstructive symptoms which may lead to delay in diagnosis and hence increased mortality. Rarely inguinal Richter's hernia may present with an uncommon complication of spontaneous fistula. The development of spontaneous faecal fistula secondary to incarcerated inguinal hernias is much rarer among the adult population as compared to the paediatric age group. Most of these fistula have been reported from developing countries like India and Nigeria and is usually the result of poverty, lack of knowledge, neglect, late presentation and lack of proper management.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 62 years old male presented with chief complaints of multiple openings with faecal discharge in the right groin for last 20 days with no history of constipation, trauma, and urinary or other abdominal complaints. CT scan revealed a small gut loop communicating with anterior abdominal wall. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a loop of distal ileum adherent to the internal inguinal ring which was retrieved back into the abdominal cavity. There was perforation over the loop. Resection of the segment of ileum involved was done with ileo-ileal hand sewn anastomosis and the internal inguinal ring was closed from inside of the peritoneal cavity. The openings in the skin over the inguinal region were communicated with each other and laid open due to cellulitis of the area involved and pus discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spontaneous faecal fistula in inguinal region following rupture of strangulated Richter's hernia especially in adults is very rare and can occur even in absence of obstructive symptoms. In presentation of any groin swelling, there is need for an early accurate diagnosis followed by prompt treatment. The delay in its diagnosis and management may result in this rare complication of spontaneous faecal fistula. This reflects the state of health care in the developing world and needs to be addressed by the concerned authorities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rajindra Hospital / Government Medical College, 147001, Patiala, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Kuldip Singh
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rajindra Hospital / Government Medical College, 147001, Patiala, Punjab, India. ashishmoudgil07@gmail.com.|Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College & Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India. ashishmoudgil07@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moudgil
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rajindra Hospital / Government Medical College, 147001, Patiala, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Kamna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rajindra Hospital / Government Medical College, 147001, Patiala, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Chandrashekhar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rajindra Hospital / Government Medical College, 147001, Patiala, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Kamlesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007077:Ileal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D007412:Intestinal Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged