title: Signaling in lymphocyte activation.
abstract: The fate of T and B lymphocytes, the key cells that direct the adaptive immune response, is regulated by a diverse network of signal transduction pathways. The T- and B-cell antigen receptors are coupled to intracellular tyrosine kinases and adaptor molecules to control the metabolism of inositol phospholipids and calcium release. The production of inositol polyphosphates and lipid second messengers directs the activity of downstream guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins and protein and lipid kinases/phosphatases that control lymphocyte transcriptional and metabolic programs. Lymphocyte activation is modulated by costimulatory molecules and cytokines that elicit intracellular signaling that is integrated with the antigen-receptor-controlled pathways.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cantrell
mesh_terms: D020013:Calcium Signaling; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011946:Receptors, Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004075:Diglycerides; D011946:Receptors, Antigen; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D018631:ras Proteins