title: Heparin treatment increases thioredoxin interacting protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: Heparins play an important role in cell growth, differentiation, migration and invasion. However, the molecular mechanisms of heparin mediated cellular behaviors are not well defined. To determine the effect of heparin on gene expression, we performed a cDNA microarray in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and found that heparin regulates transcription of genes involved in glucose metabolism. In this study, we showed a new role of heparin in the regulation of thioredoxin interacting protein, which is a major regulator of glucose metabolism, in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. We determined the importance of a unique carbohydrate response element located on its promoter for the heparin-induced activation of thioredoxin-interacting protein and the modulatory role of heparin on nuclear accumulation of carbohydrate response element associated proteins. We showed the importance of heparin mediated histone modifications and down-regulation of Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 expression for heparin mediated overexpression of thioredoxin-interacting protein. When we tested biological significance of these data; we observed that cells overexpressing thioredoxin-interacting protein are less adhesive and proliferative, however they have a higher migration and invasion ability. Interestingly, heparin treatment increased thioredoxin-interacting protein expression in liver of diabetic rats. In conclusion, our results show that heparin activates thioredoxin-interacting protein expression in liver and hepatocellular carcinoma cells and provide the first evidences of regulatory roles of heparin on carbohydrate response element associated factors. This study will contribute future understanding of the effect of heparin on glucose metabolism and glucose independent overexpression of thioredoxin-interacting protein during hepatocarcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gunes
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Evin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iscan
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Topel
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sanem Tercan
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mukaddes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gumustekin
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdal
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: nese.atabey@deu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Nese
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atabey
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C486715:TXNIP protein, human; D006493:Heparin
keywords: ChoRE; ChoRE associated proteins; HCC; Heparin; TXNIP