title: Multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphism in amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement.
abstract: Gingival enlargement comprises any clinical condition in which an increase in the size of the gingiva is observed. It is a side effect associated with some distinct classes of drugs, such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressant, and calcium channel blockers. Among calcium channel blockers, nifedipine causes gingival enlargement in about 10% of patients, whereas the incidence of amlodipine, a third-generation calcium channel blocker, induced gingival enlargement is very limited. Because the calcium antagonists, albeit to a variable degree, act as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the gene product of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), and inflammation may modify P-gp expression. We hereby, report a case of amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement with MDR1 3435C/T polymorphism, associated with inflammatory changes due to plaque accumulation, in a 50-year-old hypertensive male patient. The genotype obtained for the polymorphism was a heteromutant genotype, thus supporting the contention that the MDR1 polymorphism may alter the inflammatory response to the drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Kumaraswamy Naik Lambani Rama
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jhajharia
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Roopam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Rama Dental College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Aravind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tatikonda
authors.affiliation: Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Aprinderpal Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dhaliwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Rose Kanwaljeet
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kaur
keywords: Amlodipine; gene polymorphism; gingival overgrowth