title: Caregiver Stress and Mental Health: Impact of Caregiving Relationship and Gender.
abstract: This study compared the stress and mental health implications of caregiving to a spouse, children, siblings, other family members, friends, and others among middle-aged and older male and female caregivers.
  
  
  
  Multivariate regression analyses were conducted using 2007 Canadian General Social Survey data collected on a subsample of caregivers aged 45 and older.
  
  
  
  Our analyses revealed that for women, caring for a spouse or children was more stressful and detrimental to mental health than caring for parents or others. Similarly, for men, caring for a spouse and for children was more stressful than caring for others but did not adversely affect overall mental health.
  
  
  
  The findings suggest that spousal and child caregiving tend to be more rather than less stressful and detrimental to middle-aged and older caregivers' mental health than is caregiving to most others but that gender differences need to be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada mpenning@uvic.ca.
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Penning
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D032721:Adult Children; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010290:Parents; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D035781:Siblings; D018454:Spouses; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Caregiving; Mental health; Spousal caregiving; Stress