title: Cortisol level and hemodynamic changes during tooth extraction at hypertensive and normotensive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The patients that are subjects to oral-surgical interventions produce large amounts of steroids in comparison with healthy patients which are not a subject to any dental intervention. The aim of research was to determine the level of stress hormone cortisol in serum, arterial blood pressure and arterial pulse, and to compare the effectiveness of the usage of lidocaine with adrenalin in comparison with lidocaine without adrenalin during the tooth extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This clinical research includes patients with indication of tooth extraction divided in hypertensive and normotensive patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is no important statistical distinction between groups, for the cortisol levels before, during and after tooth extraction regardless of the type of anesthetic used, while we registered higher values of systolic and diastolic values at hypertensive patients, regardless of the type of anesthetic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is significant systolic and diastolic blood pressure rise in both groups of patients hypertensive and normotensive patients, (regardless of anesthetic used with or without vasoconstrictor), who underwent tooth extraction. The special emphasize is attributed to hypertensive patients where these changes are more significant. As per cortisol level and pulse rate, our results indicate no significant statistical difference in between groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Clinical Dentistry University Center of Kosova.
authors.forename: Zana Bajrami
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Agani
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Skopje-Macedonia.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Clinical Dentistry University Center of Kosova.
authors.forename: Vjosa Hamiti
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Krasniqi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Clinical Dentistry University Center of Kosova.
authors.forename: Jehona
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Clinical Dentistry University Center of Kosova.
authors.forename: Zana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sejfija
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical University Center of Kosova.
authors.forename: Mergime Prekazi
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Loxha
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Clinical Dentistry University Center of Kosova.
authors.forename: Arben
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murtezani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Clinical University Center of Kosova.
authors.forename: Aida Namani
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Rexhepi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Clinical University Center of Kosova.
authors.forename: Zana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ibraimi
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011674:Pulse; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: cortisol; hypertensive patients; local anesthesia; stress