title: Isolation and development of microsatellite loci in an African Woodpecker (Campethera nivosa) using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Buff-spotted Woodpecker (Campethera nivosa) is a resident bird species that is distributed in lowland rainforest habitats from western to eastern Africa. We developed species-specific microsatellite markers to examine the population genetics of this species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one microsatellite loci were isolated from C. nivosa. Of these, 15 were found to amplify consistently. These loci were then tested for variability in 15 individuals from different lowland forest localities. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 13 per locus, with observed and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.100 to 0.917 and 0.485 to 0.901, respectively. Four loci exhibited significant heterozygote deficiency while one had an excess of heterozygotes. None of the loci exhibited linkage disequilibrium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These polymorphic microsatellite markers will be used to study genetic variability in populations of C. nivosa across either sides of the Congo River to evaluate the effect of the river as a barrier to gene flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Roosevelt University, 430S Michigan Ave, Chicago, USA. nausheen.fatimakhan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nausheen F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Integrative Research Center, Field Museum, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, USA. Kellie.Murdoch@outlook.com.|Gantz Family Collections Center, Field Museum, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, USA. Kellie.Murdoch@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Kellie C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.affiliation: Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Integrative Research Center, Field Museum, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, USA. kfeldheim@fieldmuseum.org.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Feldheim
authors.affiliation: Gantz Family Collections Center, Field Museum, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, USA. bmarks@fieldmuseum.org.
authors.forename: Ben D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Roosevelt University, 430S Michigan Ave, Chicago, USA. ncordeiro@roosevelt.edu.|Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Integrative Research Center, Field Museum, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, USA. ncordeiro@roosevelt.edu.
authors.forename: Norbert J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000235:genetics*; D056426:Genetic Loci; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*