title: Antibody recognition of carbohydrate epitopes†.
abstract: Carbohydrate antigens are valuable as components of vaccines for bacterial infectious agents and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and for generating immunotherapeutics against cancer. The crystal structures of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in complex with antigen reveal the key features of antigen recognition and provide information that can guide the design of vaccines, particularly synthetic ones. This review summarizes structural features of anti-carbohydrate antibodies to over 20 antigens, based on six categories of glyco-antigen: (i) the glycan shield of HIV glycoproteins; (ii) tumor epitopes; (iii) glycolipids and blood group A antigen; (iv) internal epitopes of bacterial lipopolysaccharides; (v) terminal epitopes on polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, including a group of antibodies to Kdo-containing Chlamydia epitopes; and (vi) linear homopolysaccharides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 3P6.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Haji-Ghassemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 3P6.
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Blackler
authors.affiliation: Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 3P6 svevans@uvic.ca.
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D002241:Carbohydrates; D000939:Epitopes
keywords: Anti-carbohydrate antibodies; Chlamydia; HIV-1 gp120; X-ray crystal structures; carbohydrate recognition; lipopolysaccharide; monoclonal antibody