title: Aluminum ions alter the function of non-specific phospholipase C through the changes in plasma membrane physical properties.
abstract: The first indication of the aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants growing in acidic soils is the cessation of root growth, but the detailed mechanism of Al effect is unknown. Here we examined the impact of Al stress on the activity of non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) in the connection with the processes related to the plasma membrane using fluorescently labeled phosphatidylcholine. We observed a rapid and significant decrease of labeled diacylglycerol (DAG), product of NPC activity, in Arabidopsis seedlings treated with AlCl₃. Interestingly, an application of the membrane fluidizer, benzyl alcohol, restored the level of DAG during Al treatment. Our observations suggest that the activity of NPC is affected by Al-induced changes in plasma membrane physical properties.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic ; Prague , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Přemysl
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pejchar
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinec
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D019905:Benzyl Alcohol / Q000494:pharmacology; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D007477:Ions; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C011439:1,2-diacylglycerol; C095489:4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene; D001896:Boron Compounds; D004075:Diglycerides; D007477:Ions; D000535:Aluminum; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D019905:Benzyl Alcohol
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; BA, benzyl alcohol; BODIPY; BODIPY, 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene; BY-2, Bright Yellow 2; DAG, diacylglycerol; HP-TLC, high-performance thin-layer chromatography; MS, Murashige-Skoog; NPC, non-specific phospholipase C; PA, phosphatidic acid; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PC-PLC, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C; PI-PLC, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate; PLD, phospholipase D; PM, plasma membrane.; aluminum toxicity; benzyl alcohol; diacylglycerol; membrane fluidity; non-specific phospholipase C