title: Are SNP-Smoking Association Studies Needed in Controls? DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms and Smoking Intensity.
abstract: Variations in tobacco-related cancers, incidence and prevalence reflect differences in tobacco consumption in addition to genetic factors. Besides, genes related to lung cancer risk could be related to smoking behavior. Polymorphisms altering DNA repair capacity may lead to synergistic effects with tobacco carcinogen-induced lung cancer risk. Common problems in genetic association studies, such as presence of gene-by-environment (G x E) correlation in the population, may reduce the validity of these designs. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the independence assumption for selected SNPs and smoking behaviour in a cohort of 320 healthy Spanish smokers. We found an association between the wild type alleles of XRCC3 Thr241Met or KLC3 Lys751Gln and greater smoking intensity (OR = 12.98, 95% CI = 2.86-58.82 and OR=16.90, 95% CI=2.09-142.8; respectively). Although preliminary, the results of our study provide evidence that genetic variations in DNA-repair genes may influence both smoking habits and the development of lung cancer. Population-specific G x E studies should be carried out when genetic and environmental factors interact to cause the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological Sciences and Biomedicine, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Zoraida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Verde
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological Sciences and Biomedicine, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain; Department of Occupational Health, Grupo Banco Popular, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reinoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological Sciences and Biomedicine, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis Miguel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chicharro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neumology, Hospital Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Resano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neumology, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Neumology, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez González-Moro
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Health Sanitary, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bandrés
authors.affiliation: School of Doctoral Studies & Research, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gómez-Gallego
authors.affiliation: School of Doctoral Studies & Research, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santiago
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C110901:X-ray repair cross complementing protein 3