title: An estimate of the number of tropical tree species.
abstract: The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher's alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼ 40,000 and ∼ 53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼ 19,000-25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼ 4,500-6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darusallam, Gadong, Brunei; ferryslik@hotmail.com.
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authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, MA;
authors.forename: Campbell O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Providence, RI;
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whitfeld
authors.affiliation: Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Serge A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wich
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Oaxaca, Mexico;
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany;
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.affiliation: Bad Aussee, Austria;
authors.forename: Hannsjoerg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wöll
authors.affiliation: Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China;
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Ivory Coast;
authors.forename: C Yves
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Adou Yao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; and.
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.affiliation: Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan;
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.affiliation: Organization for Tropical Field Studies, La Selva, Costa Rica;
authors.forename: Rakan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zahawi
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia;
authors.forename: Rahmad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China;
authors.forename: Runguo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway;
authors.forename: Rafael L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: de Assis
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil;
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garcia Luize
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Venticinque
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D016208:Databases, Factual; D017753:Ecosystem; D065928:Forests; D058974:Phylogeography; D065947:Rainforest; D013045:Species Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014197:Trees / Q000145:classification; D014329:Tropical Climate
keywords: Fisher’s log series; diversity estimation; pantropical; spatial richness patterns; tropical tree species richness