title: Development of prediction equations to estimate the apparent digestible energy content of lipids when fed to lactating sows.
abstract: Two studies were conducted 1) to determine the effects of free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and the degree of saturation of lipids (unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio [U:S]) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and DE content of lipids and 2) to derive prediction equations to estimate the DE content of lipids when added to lactating sow diets. In Exp. 1, 85 lactating sows were assigned randomly to a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments plus a control diet with no added lipid. Factors included 1) FFA concentrations of 0, 18, 36, and 54% and 2) U:S of 2.0, 2.8, 3.5, 4.2, and 4.9. Diets were corn-soybean meal based and lipid was supplemented at 6%. Concentrations of FFA and U:S were obtained by blending 4 lipid sources: choice white grease (CWG; FFA = 0.3% and U:S = 2.0), soybean oil (FFA = 0.1% and U:S = 5.5), CWG acid oil (FFA = 57.8% and U:S = 2.1), and soybean-cottonseed acid oil (FFA = 67.5% and U:S = 3.8). Titanium dioxide was added to diets (0.5%) as a digestibility marker. Treatments started on d 4 of lactation and fecal samples were collected after 6 d of adaptation to diets on a daily basis from d 10 to 13. The ATTD of added lipid and DE content of lipids were negatively affected (linear, < 0.001) with increasing FFA concentrations, but negative effects were less pronounced with increasing U:S (interaction, < 0.05). Coefficients of ATTD for the added lipid and DE content of lipids increased with increasing U:S (quadratic, = 0.001), but these improvements were less pronounced when the FFA concentration was less than 36%. Digestible energy content of added lipid was described by DE (kcal/kg) = [8,381 - (80.6 × FFA) + (0.4 × FFA) + (248.8 × U:S) - (28.1 × U:S) + (12.8 × FFA × U:S)] ( = 0.74). This prediction equation was validated in Exp. 2, in which 24 lactating sows were fed diets supplemented with 6% of either an animal-vegetable blend (A-V; FFA = 14.5% and U:S = 2.3) or CWG (FFA = 3.7% and U:S = 1.5) plus a control diet with no added lipids. Digestible energy content of A-V (8,317 and 8,127 kcal/kg for measured and predicted values, respectively) and CWG (8,452 and 8,468 kcal/kg for measured and predicted values, respectively) were accurately estimated using the proposed equation. The proposed equation involving FFA concentration and U:S resulted in highly accurate estimations of DE content (relative error, +0.2 to -2.3%) of commercial sources of lipids for lactating sows.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rosero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Odle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arellano
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Heugten
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified