title: A current review of non-vascularized bone grafting in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
abstract: Over the past three decades, non-vascularized bone grafts have been demonstrated to be viable treatments for pre- and early post-collapse osteonecrosis of the femoral head; however, there are limited reviews on this topic. Therefore, the purposes of this review are to (1) provide a summary of the different surgical techniques and their respective clinical outcomes and (2) evaluate new adjunct therapies. Originally, non-vascularized bone grafting was performed using the Phemister technique with varying results. More recently, newer techniques such as the lightbulb and trapdoor are used to place non-vascularized bone grafts with excellent results. The addition of various biological agents has demonstrated positive results; however, further studies are needed to confirm the best appropriate indications and to elucidate long-term results.
authors.affiliation: Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21215, USA.
authors.forename: Todd P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Randa K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Elmallah
authors.forename: Julio J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jauregui
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poola
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mont
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Delanois