title: Inhibitory role of reactive oxygen species in the differentiation of multipotent vascular stem cells into vascular smooth muscle cells in rats: a novel aspect of traditional culture of rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Proliferative or synthetic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are widely accepted to be mainly derived from the dedifferentiation or phenotypic modulation of mature contractile VSMCs, i.e., a phenotype switch from a normally quiescent and contractile type into a proliferative or synthetic form. However, this theory has been challenged by recent evidence that synthetic VSMCs predominantly originate instead from media-derived multipotent vascular stem cells (MVSCs). To test these hypotheses further, we re-examine whether the conventional rat aortic SMC (RASMC) culture involves the VSMC differentiation of MVSCs or the dedifferentiation of mature VSMCs and the potential mechanism for controlling the synthetic phenotype of RASMCs. We enzymatically isolated RASMCs and cultured the cells in both a regular growth medium (RGM) and a stem cell growth medium (SCGM). Regardless of culture conditions, only a small portion of freshly isolated RASMCs attaches, survives and grows slowly during the first 7 days of primary culture, while expressing both SMC- and MVSC-specific markers. RGM-cultured cells undergo a process of synthetic SMC differentiation, whereas SCGM-cultured cells can be differentiated into not only synthetic SMCs but also other somatic cells. Notably, compared with the RGM-cultured differentiated RASMCs, the SCGM-cultured undifferentiated cells exhibit the phenotype of MVSCs and generate greater amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as a negative regulator of differentiation into synthetic VSMCs. Knockdown of phospholipase A2, group 7 (Pla2g7) suppresses ROS formation in the MVSCs while enhancing SMC differentiation of MVSCs. These results suggest that cultured synthetic VSMCs can be derived from the SMC differentiation of MVSCs with ROS as a negative regulator.
authors.affiliation: Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Yimu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Desiree
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Janicki
authors.affiliation: Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xing Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China. Dongqi.Tang@uscmed.sc.edu.|Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA. Dongqi.Tang@uscmed.sc.edu.
authors.forename: Dongqi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China. Taixing.Cui@uscmed.sc.edu.|Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA. Taixing.Cui@uscmed.sc.edu.
authors.forename: Taixing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D008297:Male; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Dedifferentiation; Differentiation; Multipotent vascular stem cells; Rat (male); Reactive oxygen species; Vascular smooth muscle cells