title: Microarray analysis reveals distinct gene set profiles for gastric and intestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to address the mechanisms by which intestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) have a markedly higher risk of recurrence than gastric GISTs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression levels were compared among six primary gastric, three intestinal and six metastatic liver GISTs using cDNA microarray. Protein levels of Slit homolog 2 (SLIT2) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 25 primary gastric and 10 intestinal GIST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intestinal GIST had gene expression profiles similar to clinically malignant and metastatic GIST. In gene set-enrichment analysis, the gene sets MITOTIC_CELL CYCLE and NEURON_DIFFERENTIATION were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in intestinal GIST compared to gastric GIST. High-risk gastric GISTs and intestinal GIST, expressed similar levels of SLIT2 protein, which were lower than those of low-risk gastric GISTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gene-expression profile of intestinal GISTs was similar to that of metastatic liver GISTs. Besides higher proliferative activity, down-regulation of SLIT2 might be involved in clinically malignant phenotypes of intestinal GIST.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuhei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan kikuchih@hama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Setoguchi
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kinji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D059467:Transcriptome; D000098552:Slit Homolog 2 Protein
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000098552:Slit Homolog 2 Protein
keywords: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; SLIT2; intestine; microarray; stomach