title: Can low-level laser therapy when associated to exercise decrease adipocyte area?
abstract: Obesity affects approximately 20% of the world population, and exercise is the primary non-pharmacological therapy. The combined use of exercise and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may potentiate the effects promoted by exercise. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise in combination with phototherapy on adipocyte area, activity of the enzyme citrate synthase and muscle morphological analysis. We used 64 Wistar rats, which were divided into eight groups with 8 rats each: sedentary chow-diet (SC); sedentary chow-diet plus laser therapy (SCL), exercised chow-diet (EC); exercised chow-diet plus laser therapy (ECL); sedentary high-fat diet (SH); sedentary high-fat diet plus laser therapy (SHL); exercised high-fat diet (EH); exercised high-fat diet, laser therapy (EHL). The animals were submitted to a program of swimming training for 90min/5 times per week for 8weeks and LLLT (GA-Al-AS, 830nm) at a dose of 4.7J/point and a total energy of 9.4J/animal, with duration of 47s, which was applied to both gastrocnemius muscles after exercise. We conclude that the combined use of exercise and phototherapy increases the activity of the enzyme citrate synthase and decreases the white adipocyte area epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral in obese rats, enhancing the effects of exercise.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics of São Carlos (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Exercise, Physical Education and Motor Human Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil; Biotechnology Post Graduation Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: antonioaquino@ursa.ifsc.usp.br.
authors.forename: Antonio E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Exercise, Physical Education and Motor Human Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Physics of São Carlos (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sene-Fiorese
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Exercise, Physical Education and Motor Human Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil; Physiological Science Post Graduation Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Exercise, Physical Education and Motor Human Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil; Physiological Science Post Graduation Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Exercise, Physical Education and Motor Human Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil; Physiological Science Post Graduation Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Exercise, Physical Education and Motor Human Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Exercise, Physical Education and Motor Human Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil; Physiological Science Post Graduation Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Physiological Science Post Graduation Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabrizzi
authors.affiliation: Physiological Science Post Graduation Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Selma M M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Matheus
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Exercise, Physical Education and Motor Human Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil; Physiological Science Post Graduation Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia G O
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics of São Carlos (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Biotechnology Post Graduation Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanderlei S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bagnato
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Post Graduation Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil; Electrothermophototherapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Brazil.
authors.forename: Nivaldo A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Parizotto
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000818:Animals; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000528:radiation effects; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase
keywords: Adipocyte area; Citrate synthase; Exercise; Low-level laser therapy; Obesity