title: The CODATwins Project: The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits.
abstract: For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Research,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland.
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authors.forename: Yoshie
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authors.affiliation: Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention,Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao,China.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics,Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology,University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Leioa,Spain.
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authors.affiliation: HealthTwiSt GmbH,Berlin,Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,University of Washington,Seattle,WA,USA.
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authors.forename: Dorret I
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authors.lastname: Boomsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Education,Mokpo National University,Jeonnam,South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Mi
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authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research,Section on Metabolic Genetics,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Thorkild I A
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland.
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mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001827:Body Height / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic; D014427:Twins / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: BMI; height; heritability; international comparisons; twins