title: Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia induces attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behavior in rats.
abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be caused by genetic or environmental factors. Among environmental factors, perinatal complications are related, such as neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether HI contributes to the development of characteristics related to ADHD in adult rats, and to correlate the behavioral results with brain damage volume. Male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: HI and control. The HI procedure consisted of a permanent occlusion of the right common carotid artery followed by a period of hypoxia (90 min; 8% O₂ and 92% N₂) on the 7th postnatal day. Two months later, animals were evaluated in the open field test during a single 5-min session, and in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), over 25 weeks. Our results demonstrated that animals submitted to HI manifest cognitive impairments in task acquisition, deficits in sustained attention, and increases in impulsivity and compulsivity in response to task manipulation in the 5-CSRTT. Locomotor activity observed in open field did not differ between groups. Moreover, brain volume loss in the total hemisphere, cerebral cortex, white matter, hippocampus, and striatum were observed in HI animals, especially on the side ipsilateral to the lesion. From these results, we can infer that neonatal HI is an environmental factor that could contribute to the development of behavioral characteristics observed in ADHD that are associated with general brain atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
authors.forename: Patrícia Maidana
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
authors.forename: Clarissa Pedrini
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Schuch
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
authors.forename: Joseane Jiménez
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
authors.forename: Jaqueline Vieira
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Carletti
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
authors.forename: Iohanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Deckmann
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
authors.forename: Luísa Helena Machado
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Martinato
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
authors.forename: Augusto Viana
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
authors.forename: Lisiane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bizarro
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
authors.forename: Lenir Orlandi
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar