title: [Genetic and environmental aspects of mathematical disabilities].
abstract: Mathematics has become highly important in today's high-tech life. Success in everyday life requires the presence of mathematical knowledge, which, in turn, appears to be the basis for any innovative scientific activity. However, a large percentage of the population demonstrates mathematical disabilities. Mathematical abilities and disabilities represent a complex and multifactorial phenomenon caused by the influence of both genetic and environmental factors. The present review is focused on studies based on a candidate gene approach and on genome-wide association studies previously reporting associations between gene polymorphisms and cognitive impairments, particularly mathematical disabilities. According to the first approach, learning and memory formation are influenced by variants in neurotransmitter system genes, genes involved in the working memory and synaptic plasticity. The results of the second approach demonstrates that the matrix metalloproteinase 7 gene (MMP7), the glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 1 gene (GRIK1), and the dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 gene (DNA H5) are responsible for developing mathematical disabilities.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Kanzafarova
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kazantseva
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Khusnutdinova
mesh_terms: D056444:Axonemal Dyneins / Q000235:genetics*; D060705:Dyscalculia / Q000235:genetics*; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D008433:Mathematics; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000235:genetics*; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D056444:Axonemal Dyneins; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; C060932:MMP7 protein, human; C497507:DNAH5 protein, human