title: Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and carboxylic acids in liver, muscle and adipose tissues of black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) from Midway Island, North Pacific Ocean.
abstract: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is a gyre of marine plastic debris in the North Pacific Ocean, and nearby is Midway Atoll which is a focal point for ecological damage. This study investigated 13 C4-C16 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), four (C4, C6, C8 and C10) perfluorinated sulfonates and perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate [collectively perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs)] in black-footed albatross tissues (collected in 2011) from Midway Atoll. Of the 18 PFCAs and PFSAs monitored, most were detectable in the liver, muscle and adipose tissues. The concentrations of PFCAs and PFSAs were higher than those in most seabirds from the arctic environment, but lower than those in most of fish-eating water birds collected in the U.S. mainland. The concentrations of the PFAAs in the albatross livers were 7-fold higher than those in Laysan albatross liver samples from the same location reported in 1994. The concentration ranges of PFOS were 22.91-70.48, 3.01-6.59 and 0.53-8.35 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww), respectively, in the liver, muscle and adipose. In the liver samples PFOS was dominant, followed by longer chain PFUdA (8.04-18.70 ng g(-1) ww), PFTrDA, and then PFNA, PFDA and PFDoA. Short chain PFBA, PFPeA, PFBS and PFODA were below limit of quantification. C8-C13 PFCAs showed much higher composition compared to those found in other wildlife where PFOS typically predominated. The concentrations of PFUdA in all 8 individual albatross muscle samples were even higher than those of PFOS. This phenomenon may be attributable to GPGP as a pollution source as well as PFAA physicochemical properties.
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
authors.forename: Shaogang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Reefs NWRC, Honolulu, HI 96850, USA.
authors.forename: Lee Ann
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Letcher
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. Electronic address: qingl@hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Qing X
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000476:Alkanesulfonates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006254:Hawaii; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000476:Alkanesulfonates; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010969:Plastics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Albatross; Great Pacific Garbage Patch; Midway Atoll; Perfluorinated carboxylic acids; Perfluorinated sulfonates; Perfluoroalkyl acids