title: The impact of conjunctivochalasis on dry eye symptoms and signs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this project was to study the relationship between conjunctivochalasis (Cch) and ocular signs and symptoms of dry eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six patients with normal eyelid and corneal anatomy were prospectively recruited from a Veterans Administration hospital over 12 months. Symptoms (via the dry eye questionnaire 5 [DEQ5]) and signs of dry eye were assessed along with quality of life implications. Statistical analyses comparing the above metrics among the three groups included χ(2), analysis of variance, and linear regression tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were classified into three groups: nasal conjunctivochalasis (NCch; n = 31); nonnasal conjunctivochalasis (non-NCch; n = 41); and no conjunctivochalasis (no-Cch; n = 24). Patients with NCch had more dry eye symptoms than those with non-NCch (DEQ5: NCch = 13.8 ± 5.0, non-NCch = 10.2 ± 5.0, no-Cch = 11.6 ± 5.8; P = 0.014), and more ocular pain than those with Non-NCch and no-Cch (numerical rating scale [NRS]: NCch = 4.5 ± 3.0, non-NCch = 2.3 ± 2.8, no-Cch = 3.3 ± 2.6; P = 0.008). They also had worse dry eye signs compared to those with no-Cch measured by Schirmer score with anesthesia (NCch = 14.5 ± 6.9, non-NCch = 16.8 ± 8.2, no-Cch = 19.9 ± 6.4; P = 0.039); meibomian gland dropout (NCch 1.8 ± 0.9, non-NCch = 1.4 ± 1.0, no-Cch = 1.0 ± 1.0; P = 0.020); and eyelid vascularity (NCch = 0.84 ± 0.8, non-NCch = 0.74 ± 0.7, no-Cch = 0.33 ± 0.6; P = 0.019). Moreover, those with NCch more frequently reported that dry eye symptoms moderately to severely impacted their quality of life (NCch = 87%, non-NCch = 51%, no-Cch = 58%; P = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of NCch associates with dry eye symptoms, abnormal tear parameters, and impacts quality of life compared with non-NCch and no-Cch. Based on these data, it is important for clinicians to look for Cch in patients with symptoms of dry eye.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, Florida, United States 2Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chhadva
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Allison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: McClellan
authors.affiliation: Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Katherine T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.affiliation: Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seiden
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, Florida, United States 2Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States 3Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D065346:Lubricant Eye Drops / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D065346:Lubricant Eye Drops