title: Parameters of lower extremities alignment view in Iranian adult population.
abstract: Normal axial alignment restoration in lower extremities is crucial for surgeons performing reconstructive surgeries. Since reference normal values of axial alignment are affected by age, sex, and ethical issues, we tried to scrutinize these parameters in Iranian adults and compare them with normal values in literatures. Through a cross-sectional design, standing axial alignment views of lower extremities were surveyed from 100 volunteers (50 males and 50 females) aged between 15-32 years. The lower extremities alignment variables were evaluated during two separate measurements. Total average values were used for comparison among genders. Tibiofemoral mechanical angle depicted mean varus of 1.5 degrees in an Iranian population that was significantly higher in male participants. The Mean angle between anatomical and mechanical axes of the femur was 5.7 ± 1.2º. The Knee joint was shown to be medially inclined 3.6 ± 1.7º in men comparing 2 ± 2º of women with a significant difference. Joint line congruence angle was medially inclined in all of the study participants with a mean of 1 ± 1.6º. To compare with anthropometric studies of western populations, Iranian participants had more varus lower limb alignment. It seemed mainly because of larger medially inclined knee joint (knee-joint obliquity). This finding along with more compensatory ankle valgus is similar to results of other Asian studies. Such racial variation should be considered in designing appropriate systems in reconstructive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shafa Yahyaiyan Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. jabalamelimd@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jabalameli
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. moghimi_javad@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moghimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. yeganeh471@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yeganeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mnojomi@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nojomi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult