title: Adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells induce long-term neurogenic and anti-inflammatory effects and improve cognitive but not motor performance in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are easily harvested, and possess anti-inflammatory and trophic properties. Furthermore, MSC promote neuroprotection and neurogenesis, which could greatly benefit neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSC were transplanted one week after 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning and effects were evaluated after 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSC localized around the substantia nigra and the arachnoid mater, expressing pericyte and endothelial markers. MSC protected dopamine levels and upregulated peripheral anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, adipose-derived MSC increased neurogenesis in hippocampal and subventricular regions, and boosted memory functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering that hyposmia and loss of memory function are two major nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, transplants with modulatory effects on the hippocampus and subventricular zone could provide a disease-modifying therapy.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwerk
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Altschüler
authors.affiliation: 2Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roch
authors.affiliation: 2Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.|3Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Institute of Biomaterial Science, Teltow, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gossen
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: 2Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.|3Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Institute of Biomaterial Science, Teltow, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.affiliation: 2Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.|6Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Akyüz
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000661:Amphetamine; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D003071:Cognition; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology; D055495:Neurogenesis; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012399:Rotation; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000661:Amphetamine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
keywords: Parkinson's disease; adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; adult stem cells; neurogenesis; plasticity; regeneration