title: [German translation and validation of the Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, the German-language version of the Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM) by Peacock and Wong was validated in a student population. SAM is a relatively short questionnaire (28 items) that evaluates a current, stress-triggering event. The theoretical background is provided by the stress model of Lazarus and Folkman.
  
  
  METHODS
  85 students (age: 23; 59 female, 26 male) were exposed to two stress scenarios in order to test whether they were suited to provoke stress. A factor analysis was performed and the internal consistency of the seven SAM scales was determined. In addition, the convergent validity of SAM with State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and specific emotion scales was investigated via Pearson's product-moment correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two stress scenarios were suited to evoke stress. The factor structure and the internal consistency of the individual scales, as well as the convergent validity of SAM were replicated with minor limitations in the present German version. Some items (especially from the fifth factor) were only replicated partially.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAM can also be employed in the German language version.
authors.affiliation: Forensisch-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delahaye
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stieglitz
authors.affiliation: Forensisch-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.affiliation: Forensisch-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keppler
authors.affiliation: Psychologie, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg/München.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.affiliation: Forensisch-Psychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pflueger
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult