title: Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in Japanese Collegiate Athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and impact of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in Japanese collegiate athletes, with a focus on their disruption of athletic performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university in Osaka, the largest city in western Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  232 female collegiate athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Premenstrual symptoms and social activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of each premenstrual symptom was high. The prevalence of moderate to severe PMS and PMDD was 8.6% and 2.9%, respectively, the same as in general high school students. The athletic performance of 44.3% of athletes was found to suffer in a game or in practice. "Elite athletes" (OR 8.63, 95% CI: 1.22-120.0), "Difficulty concentrating" (OR 3.15, 95% CI: 1.05-10.6), and "Fatigue or lack of energy" (OR 5.92, 95% CI: 1.32-34.5) increased the risk of poor athletic performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that premenstrual symptoms affect not only the daily activities but also the athletic performance of collegiate athletes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: take@med.kindai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muroya
authors.affiliation: Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D065446:Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Athletic performance; Collegiate athlete; PMDD; PMS