title: Alternative and efficient extraction methods for marine-derived compounds.
abstract: Marine ecosystems cover more than 70% of the globe's surface. These habitats are occupied by a great diversity of marine organisms that produce highly structural diverse metabolites as a defense mechanism. In the last decades, these metabolites have been extracted and isolated in order to test them in different bioassays and assess their potential to fight human diseases. Since traditional extraction techniques are both solvent- and time-consuming, this review emphasizes alternative extraction techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and extraction with switchable solvents and ionic liquids, applied in the search for marine compounds. Only studies published in the 21st century are considered.
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal. acfmtgrosso@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grosso
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal. valentao@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valentão
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain. federico@cebas.csic.es.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreres
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal. pandrade@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Paula B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000737:chemistry*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry*; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008386:Marine Biology / Q000379:methods*; D008872:Microwaves; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D012997:Solvents
keywords: enzyme-assisted extraction; ionic liquids; marine compounds; microwave-assisted extraction; pressurized solvent extraction; pulsed electric field-assisted extraction; supercritical fluid extraction; switchable solvents; ultrasound-assisted extraction