title: What enhances the development of emotion understanding in young children? A longitudinal study of interpersonal predictors.
abstract: We studied potential determinants of the development of children's emotion understanding (EU) from age 4 to 6 in a Norwegian community sample (N = 974) using the Test of Emotion Comprehension. Interpersonal predictors included the accuracy of parental mentalization, parental emotional availability, and teacher-reported child social skills. Intrapersonal child factors were child gender and verbal skills. Overall, children's EU increased significantly over time. After adjusting for child gender, age-4 EU, and parental socio-economic status, greater child verbal and social skills and greater parental mentalization each uniquely predicted growth in EU. Results are discussed in terms of theory and research on children's EU and parents' emotion socialization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Silja B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kårstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway.|Social Science, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wichstrøm
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Trude
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reinfjell
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belsky
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Turid S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Berg-Nielsen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D032882:Comprehension; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D066107:Social Skills; D056345:Theory of Mind
keywords: accuracy of parental mentalization; emotion understanding; emotional availability; social skills