title: Nocturnal periodic limb movements decrease antioxidant capacity in post-stroke women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerable evidence suggests that periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) are associated with cardiovascular risk and poor stroke outcome. However, the pathogenesis for this association in stroke patients remains largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study enrolled 112 consecutive patients who were admitted to rehabilitation ward due to ischemic stroke. Polysomnography and laboratory tests for oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were stratified into three categories according to their PLMS index. Patients in the PLMS index ≥15 group were significantly older (P = 0.011), presented a significantly higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale at stroke onset (P = 0.032), and lower Barthel index (P = 0.035) than patients in the PLMS index <5 group. The level of TAC differed significantly (P = 0.018) among the three groups. Multivariate linear regression analyses show that the PLMS index was negatively and independently correlated with TAC (P = 0.024) in women. Besides, multivariate logistic regression analyses also reveal that patients with a PLMS index ≥15 compared with the referent PLMS index <5 had a 7.58-fold increased relative hazard for stroke recurrence (odds ratio 7.58, [1.31-43.88], P = 0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that PLMS was independently associated with decreased antioxidant capacity in women with ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: brain infarction; inflammation; oxidative stress; periodic limb movements during sleep; total antioxidant capacity