title: Comparison of blood culture and multiplex real-time PCR for the diagnosis of nosocomial sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In many cases of suspected sepsis, causative microorganisms cannot be isolated. Multiplex real-time PCR generates results more rapidly than conventional blood culture systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of multiplex real-time PCR (LightCycler® SeptiFast, Roche, Mannheim, Germany), and compared with blood cultures and cultures from focus of infection in nosocomial sepsis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-eight nosocomial sepsis episodes in 67 adult patients were included in this study. The rates of microorganism detection by blood culture and PCR were 34.2% and 47.9%, respectively. Sixty-five microorganisms were detected by both methods from 78 sepsis episodes. Nineteen of these microorganisms were detected by both blood culture and PCR analysis from the same sepsis episode. There was statistically moderate concordance between the two methods (κ=0.445, P<0.001). There was no significant agreement between the blood culture and PCR analysis in terms of microorganism detected (κ=0.160, P=0.07). Comparison of the results of PCR and cultures from focus of infection revealed no significant agreement (κ=0.110, P=0.176). However, comparison of the results of PCR and blood cultures plus cultures from focus of infection (positive blood culture and/or positive culture from focus of infection) showed poor agreement (κ=0.17, P=0.026). When the blood culture was used as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of PCR in patients with bacteremia was 80%, 69%, 57% and 87%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SeptiFast may be useful when added to blood culture in the diagnosis and management of sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey - halis@uludag.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dinç
authors.forename: Halis
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akalin
authors.forename: Cüneyt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Özakin
authors.forename: Melda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinirtaş
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kebabçi
authors.forename: Remzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Işçimen
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kelebek Girgin
authors.forename: Ferda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kahveci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000071997:Blood Culture; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult