title: Red blood cell antigen genotype analysis for 9087 Asian, Asian American, and Native American blood donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of blood group antigen prevalence in Asian Americans and Native Americans. There may be ethnic differences in blood group frequencies that would result in clinically important mismatches through transfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood donors who self-identified as Asian or Native American were tested using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA array (HEA BeadChip kit, Bioarray Solutions Ltd) that predicts expression of 38 human erythrocyte antigens (HEAs) and by serology for ABO, D, C, M, N, Jk(a) , and Jk(b) . The prevalence of blood group antigens was compared to published European prevalence. Discrepancies between SNP-predicted and serology-detected antigens were tallied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 9087 blood donors were tested from nine Asian and Native American heritages. The predicted prevalence of selected antigens in the RHCE, JK, FY, MNS, LU, CO, and DO blood group systems were variable between Asian populations, but overall not significantly different than Europeans. Compared to European frequencies, Kell blood group allele frequencies were significantly different in the Chinese, Native American, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, South Asian, and Southeast Asian heritage blood donors; Diego antigens Di(a) and Di(b) were different in donors of Native American and South Asian ancestries (p < 0.05). Of the donors tested, 4.5% showed a SNP-serology discrepancy that segregated within specific ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides HEA allele frequency and antigen prevalence data in a cohort of Asian and Native Americans donors. Several ethnic groups exhibited differences in HEA frequencies compared to Europeans. Genotype-serotype discrepancies were detected in all systems studied.
authors.affiliation: Specialty Diagnostics, Red Cell Genomics Laboratory, Puget Sound Blood Center.|Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington.
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.affiliation: Specialty Diagnostics, Red Cell Genomics Laboratory, Puget Sound Blood Center.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Puget Sound Blood Center.
authors.forename: Askale
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haile
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington.|Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.affiliation: Specialty Diagnostics, Red Cell Genomics Laboratory, Puget Sound Blood Center.
authors.forename: Gayle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Teramura
authors.affiliation: Specialty Diagnostics, Red Cell Genomics Laboratory, Puget Sound Blood Center.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001213:Asian / Q000235:genetics*; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens