title: Psychiatric Disorders in HTLV-1-Infected Individuals with Bladder Symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have reported high rates of depression and anxiety in HTLV-1 infected individuals with the neurological disease and in the asymptomatic phase. No study has investigated the rates in individuals that already show bladder symptoms without severe neurological changes; that is, during the oligosymptomatic phase. The present study investigated patients in this intermediate form on the spectrum of the infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Brazilian Version 5.0.0 (MINI PLUS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data analysis was performed in STATA statistical software (version 12.0). Depressive disorder was the most frequent comorbidity. Current depressive disorder was higher in the group of overactive bladder subjects (11.9%), and lifelong depression was more frequent in the HAM/TSP group (35%). The three groups had similar frequencies of anxiety disorders. Increased frequency and severity of anxiety and depression symptoms were observed in the overactive bladder group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that individuals with overactive bladders need a more thorough assessment from the mental health perspective. These patients remain an understudied group regarding psychiatric comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
authors.forename: Glória O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Orge
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thais R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Dellavechia
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
authors.forename: José Abraão
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carneiro-Neto
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Araújo-de-Freitas
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil; Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carla H C
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Daltro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil; Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carlos T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil; Departamento de Neurociências, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lucas C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Quarantini
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D001938:Brazil; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000821:virology