title: Mammalian Base Excision Repair: Functional Partnership between PARP-1 and APE1 in AP-Site Repair.
abstract: The apurinic/apyrimidinic- (AP-) site in genomic DNA arises through spontaneous base loss and base removal by DNA glycosylases and is considered an abundant DNA lesion in mammalian cells. The base excision repair (BER) pathway repairs the AP-site lesion by excising and replacing the site with a normal nucleotide via template directed gap-filling DNA synthesis. The BER pathway is mediated by a specialized group of proteins, some of which can be found in multiprotein complexes in cultured mouse fibroblasts. Using a DNA polymerase (pol) β immunoaffinity-capture technique to isolate such a complex, we identified five tightly associated and abundant BER factors in the complex: PARP-1, XRCC1, DNA ligase III, PNKP, and Tdp1. AP endonuclease 1 (APE1), however, was not present. Nevertheless, the complex was capable of BER activity, since repair was initiated by PARP-1's AP lyase strand incision activity. Addition of purified APE1 increased the BER activity of the pol β complex. Surprisingly, the pol β complex stimulated the strand incision activity of APE1. Our results suggested that PARP-1 was responsible for this effect, whereas other proteins in the complex had no effect on APE1 strand incision activity. Studies of purified PARP-1 and APE1 revealed that PARP-1 was able to stimulate APE1 strand incision activity. These results illustrate roles of PARP-1 in BER including a functional partnership with APE1.
authors.affiliation: Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nadezhda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dyrkheeva
authors.affiliation: Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D019951:DNA Polymerase beta / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; C499321:Parp1 protein, mouse; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D019951:DNA Polymerase beta; C486216:Apex1 protein, mouse; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase