title: Differences in Stress Forces and Geometry between Left and Right Coronary Artery: A Pathophysiological Aspect of Atherosclerosis Heterogeneity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to assess noninvasively the differences in hemorrheologic and geometric parameters between the left and right coronary artery (RCA). Low endothelial shear stress (ESS), high molecular viscosity (MV), and high wall stress (WS) induce atherosclerosis, while curvature and torsion have lately been implicated in the atherosclerotic process.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 28 coronary arteries from 22 subjects undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography. We performed 3D reconstruction of the left anterior descending (LAD, n=14), left circumflex (LCx, n=5), and RCA (n=9) arteries. ESS, MV, and WS were calculated for 2-mm segments using computational fluid dynamics. Curvature and torsion were calculated for each segment using morphometric algorithms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total length of 187 cm of coronary arteries was studied. ESS was higher in the LAD compared to the LCx and RCA (13.76 Pa vs. 3.49 Pa vs. 3.76 Pa, p<0.001); MV was higher in the LCx compared to the LAD and RCA (0.00542 Pa·s vs. 0.00173 Pa·s vs. 0.00240 Pa·s, p<0.001); and WS had higher values in the RCA compared to the LAD and LCx (289.98 mmHg vs. 255.93 mmHg vs. 235.18 mmHg, p<0.001). Curvature was greater in the LCx compared to the LAD and RCA (0.1447 mm-1 vs. 0.1229 mm-1 vs. 0.1234 mm-1, p<0.05), while torsion was found not to differ among the coronary arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrheologic and geometric parameters differ between the left and right coronary arteries. These factors, either alone or in association with local flow patterns and geometry, may affect the topography of atherosclerosis in the coronary arterial tree.
authors.affiliation: First Cardiology Department, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Sotirios A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Katranas
authors.forename: Anastasios L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kelekis
authors.forename: Antonios P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Antoniadis
authors.forename: Antonios G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ziakas
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Giannoglou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001809:Blood Viscosity / Q000502:physiology; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D018056:Hemorheology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical