title: Developing proteomic biomarkers for bladder cancer: towards clinical application.
abstract: Clinical use of proteomic biomarkers has the potential to substantially improve the outcomes of patients with bladder cancer. An unmet clinical need evidently exists for noninvasive biomarkers, which might enable improvements in both the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, as well as improved monitoring of patients for the presence of recurrence. Urine is considered the optimal noninvasive source of proteomic biomarkers in patients with bladder cancer. Currently, a number of single-protein biomarkers have been detected in urine and tissue using a variety of proteomic techniques, each having specific conceptual considerations and technical implications. Promising preclinical data are available for several of these proteins; however, the combination of single urinary proteins into multimarker panels might better encompass the molecular heterogeneity of bladder cancer within this patient population, and prove more effective in clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frantzi
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latosinska
authors.affiliation: Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Rotenburger Strasse 20, 30659 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flühe
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Marie C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hupe
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Critselis
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Mario W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Merseburger
authors.affiliation: BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mischak
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vlahou
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000032:analysis; D019295:Computational Biology; D003558:Cystoscopy; D004586:Electrophoresis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis; D040901:Proteomics; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D040501:Calgranulin A