title: Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease: an update.
abstract: Osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important causes of mortality and morbility in the elderly. Lots of studies showed a correlation between bone loss and cardiovascular risk mediated by the vascular calcification. The relationship between OP and CVD could be firstly explained by their common risk factors such as age, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and menopause. However, other different hypotheses were proposed to clarify this link. Multiple factors, for example bone morphogenetic proteins, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, parathyroid hormone, phosphate, oxidized lipids and vitamins D and K seemed to be involved in both conditions, indicating a possible common pathophysiologic mechanism. We review and discuss the available data describing this association. Further studies are necessary to better investigate similarities between OP and CVD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Woman and Child Health , Catholic University , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lello
authors.affiliation: a Department of Woman and Child Health , Catholic University , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capozzi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Woman and Child Health , Catholic University , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scambia
mesh_terms: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D053245:RANK Ligand
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; menopause; osteopenia; osteoporosis