title: Endoscopic Approaches to Intraventricular Lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopy is becoming increasingly popular for the neurosurgical management of intraventricular lesions and has recently been accepted as an effective alternative approach to open surgery. The deep location of intraventricular lesions makes the microsurgical approach difficult. Moreover, many intraventricular tumors do not require aggressive neurosurgical treatment. Some of these lesions are even associated with hydrocephalus or an enlarged ventricular system.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected the data of 32 patients affected by purely intraventricular lesions in the lateral or third ventricles who underwent 33 endoscopic intraventricular procedures from 2006 to 2011. We classified the lesions according to their location within the ventricles so as to plan the best endoscopic trajectory. We approached the lesions using rigid and flexible endoscopes through precoronal or supraorbital trajectories according to their localization and the presence of hydrocephalus. In many procedures we used neuronavigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three endoscopic intraventricular procedures were performed in 32 patients; 27 procedures were performed via the precoronal, and 6 procedures via the supraorbital frontopolar approach. A complete excision of the lesion was obtained in only three cases. In all other cases, a biopsy was taken.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our series shows that an endoscopic approach to intraventricular lesions should be tailored according to localization of the lesion and ventricular size. The complete excision of intraventricular lesions is often impossible with the endoscope, but biopsies allow diagnoses to be obtained in almost all cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, S Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Natale
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, S Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunori
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, S Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delitala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002551:Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult