title: High-Performance Polymers and Their Potential Application as Medical and Oral Implant Materials: A Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature on high-performance polymeric (HPP) materials used as medical and oral implants and make comparisons with the commonly used titanium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Original scientific articles published in English in MEDLINE (PubMed-NCBI) and Picarta literature databases between January 01, 1995 and June 01, 2013 were included in this review. Additional information was derived from scientific reports, medical and chemical textbooks, handbooks, product information, manufacturers' instructions, and Internet web sites of the manufacturers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the 7 animal studies and 1 clinical study, HPP polyetheretherketone (PEEK) consisting of a single monomer and featuring a low Young modulus may be advantageous. PEEK seems to lead to less osteolyses and healing problems and no scattering in radiation was observed. Some animal studies showed direct contact between PEEK and the bone with high biocompatibility and no evidence for cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and immunogenicity to the present day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HPPs (ie, PEEK) may carry some potential to be an alternative material for titanium as medical and dental implants. Yet, clinical and animal studies are limited in the field of implantology with such materials.
authors.affiliation: *Medical Doctor and Dentist, University of Zürich, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland. †Professor, Head of Dental Materials Unit, University of Zürich, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias Guido
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wiesli
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Özcan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011108:Polymers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C009495:titanium dioxide; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D014025:Titanium