title: Innovation in metabolomics to improve personalized healthcare.
abstract: Metabolomics is the systemic study of all small molecules (metabolites) and their concentration as affected by pathological and physiological alterations or environmental or other factors. Metabolic alterations represent a "window" on the complex interactions between genetic expression, enzyme activity, and metabolic reactions. Techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, have led to significant advances in metabolomics. The field is shifting from feasibility studies to biological and clinical applications. Fields of application range from cancer biology to stem cell research and assessment of xenobiotics and drugs in tissues and single cells. Cross-validation across high-throughput platforms has allowed findings from expression profiling to be confirmed with metabolomics. Specific genetic alterations appear to drive unique metabolic programs. These, in turn, can be used as biomarkers of genetic subtypes of prostate cancer or as discovery tools for therapeutic targeting of metabolic enzymes. Thus, metabolites in blood may serve as biomarkers of tumor state, including inferring driving oncogenes. Novel applications such as these suggest that metabolic profiling may be utilized in refining personalized medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cacciatore
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.|Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loda
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D062069:Inventions; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: FFPE; fatty acid; metabolomics; oncogene; prostate cancer