title: Increased platelet activation in subjects chronically exposed to cadmium: A pilot study.
abstract: Cadmium exposure has been reported to be associated with the risk of vascular disorders. Here, we investigated platelet activity in subjects with chronic cadmium exposure. Eighteen and 15 women participated in this study as chronically cadmium-exposed and control non-exposed subjects, respectively. Plasma P-selectin and CD40 ligand (CD40L), soluble markers of platelet activation, were measured. Platelet aggregation in whole blood, P-selectin and activated glycoprotein (aGP) IIb/IIIa expression on platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregates were determined. The levels of plasma P-selectin and CD40L increased in subjects with chronic cadmium exposure compared with control subjects. Platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was higher in cadmium-exposed subjects than control subjects. Cadmium-exposed subjects had higher baseline and ADP-induced aGPIIb/IIIa expression on platelets than control subjects. Platelet-neutrophil aggregates also increased in cadmium-exposed subjects. Blood cadmium correlated with ADP-induced aggregation, aGPIIb/IIIa expression and platelet-neutrophil aggregates, while urinary cadmium correlated with soluble P-selectin. However, cadmium only at high concentration (15 µM) could potentiate ADP-induced platelet activation in vitro. In conclusion, our pilot data show that cadmium-exposed subjects have increased baseline platelet activation and reactivity.
authors.affiliation: a Toxicology Program, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand .|b Faculty of Liberal Art and Science , Kalasin Rajabhat University , Namon District , Kalasin Province , Thailand .
authors.forename: Aranya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nontarach
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand .
authors.forename: Sirada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srihirun
authors.affiliation: d Department of Physiology and.
authors.forename: Ganyapong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaturapanich
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand .
authors.forename: Supeenun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unchern
authors.affiliation: f Department of Community and Social Medicine , Mae Sot General Hospital , Tak Province , Thailand .
authors.forename: Witaya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Swaddiwudhipong
authors.affiliation: g Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand .
authors.forename: Kovit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pattanapanyasat
authors.affiliation: h Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand , and.
authors.forename: Attaphon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chamchoi
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand .
authors.forename: Pornpun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vivithanaporn
authors.affiliation: i Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Pornsawan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Visoottiviseth
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand .
authors.forename: Nathawut
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sibmooh
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019007:P-Selectin; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D002104:Cadmium; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate
keywords: Cadmium; P-selectin; glycoprotein IIb/IIIa; platelet; platelet aggregation; platelet–leukocyte aggregates