title: Drug consumption and additional risk factors associated with microscopic colitis: Case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microscopic colitis has now emerged as a common cause of chronic diarrhoea, but its aetiology remains unknown. Some studies suggest that commonly prescribed drugs and other additional risk factors may be triggers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of drug intake and other risk factors on microscopic colitis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, case-control study with all consecutive adult patients referred to the Hospital General de Tomelloso (Ciudad Real, Spain) for chronic watery diarrhoea (from 2008 to 2011) was performed. Microscopic colitis was diagnosed following the commonly accepted histopathological criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  46 consecutive new cases of microscopic colitis and 317 chronic diarrhoea controls were recruited. Five independent risk factors significantly associated with microscopic colitis were identified: Abdominal pain (OR 3.25; 95%CI, 1.49-7.08), weight loss (OR 2.67; 95%CI, 1.16-6.15), celiac disease (OR 15.3; 95%CI, 3.70-63.5), topiramate intake (OR 13.6; 95%CI, 1.84- 100.8), and older age at diagnosis (OR 1 year increase 1.022; 95%CI, 1.002-1.042). Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was associated with microscopic colitis in the subgroup of patients who fulfilled irritable bowel syndrome criteria (38.5% vs. 10.8%; p < 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microscopic colitis is associated with autoimmune disease, an increased age at diagnosis, topiramate intake and only in a sub-group of irritable bowel disease patients with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
authors.forename: Danila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guagnozzi
authors.forename: Alfredo J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lucendo
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Angueira
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González-Castillo
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tenías
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D046728:Colitis, Microscopic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077236:Topiramate
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose