title: Pre-Columbian floristic legacies in modern homegardens of Central Amazonia.
abstract: Historical ecologists have demonstrated legacy effects in apparently wild landscapes in Europe, North America, Mesoamerica, Amazonia, Africa and Oceania. People live and farm in archaeological sites today in many parts of the world, but nobody has looked for the legacies of past human occupations in the most dynamic areas in these sites: homegardens. Here we show that the useful flora of modern homegardens is partially a legacy of pre-Columbian occupations in Central Amazonia: the more complex the archaeological context, the more variable the floristic composition of useful native plants in homegardens cultivated there today. Species diversity was 10% higher in homegardens situated in multi-occupational archaeological contexts compared with homegardens situated in single-occupational ones. Species heterogeneity (β-diversity) among archaeological contexts was similar for the whole set of species, but markedly different when only native Amazonian species were included, suggesting the influence of pre-conquest indigenous occupations on current homegarden species composition. Our findings show that the legacy of pre-Columbian occupations is visible in the most dynamic of all agroecosystems, adding another dimension to the human footprint in the Amazonian landscape.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lins
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Ciências Humanas, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), Belém, Pará, Brasil.
authors.forename: Helena P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fabricio B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Baccaro
authors.affiliation: Herbário EAFM, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.
authors.forename: Valdely F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Kinupp
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Antropologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG), Belém, Pará, Brasil.
authors.forename: Glenn H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.affiliation: Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Clement
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D044822:Biodiversity; D001938:Brazil; D035264:Flowers / Q000502:physiology*; D005843:Geography; D045483:Rivers; D013997:Time Factors