title: Willingness to pay to avoid metastatic breast cancer treatment side effects: results from a conjoint analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients are treated with a variety of regimens with differing side effects that can reduce the patients' quality of life. This study assessed the willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid side effects related to MBC treatment using conjoint analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  An online, self-administered conjoint analysis survey of US adult female MBC patients was conducted to elicit preferences for MBC treatment side effects. Attributes included in the analysis were hair loss, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, tingling in hands and feet, pain, risk of infection, and out-of-pocket costs. Fifteen choice-based conjoint questions were presented where patients selected the most preferred therapy. A partial profile design was used to allow for each treatment description to be made with 3 instead of all 8 attributes. The attribute choices for each question included 2 side effects and a yearly out-of-pocket price.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 298 respondents. MBC patients were willing to pay (US$) $3,894 to avoid severe diarrhea, $3,479 to avoid being hospitalized due to infection, $3,211 to avoid severe nausea, $2,764 to avoid severe tingling in hands and feet, $2,652 to avoid severe fatigue, $1,853 to avoid obvious hair loss, and $1,458 to avoid severe pain. The most important attributes when selecting a therapy for MBC in terms of average utility were risk of infection, diarrhea, and nausea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MBC patients were willing to pay significant amounts to avoid side effects associated with MBC treatment, with patients willing to pay the most to avoid diarrhea, risk of infection, and nausea.
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Outcomes Research, Palo Alto, CA USA.
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lalla
authors.affiliation: Xcenda, Palm Harbor, FL USA.
authors.forename: Rashad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carlton
authors.affiliation: Genentech, South San Francisco, CA USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Xcenda, Palm Harbor, FL USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bramley
authors.affiliation: Xcenda, Palm Harbor, FL USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Souza
keywords: Conjoint analysis; Metastatic breast cancer; Willingness to pay