title: Trafficking and Membrane Organization of GPI-Anchored Proteins in Health and Diseases.
abstract: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are a class of lipid-anchored proteins attached to the membranes by a glycolipid anchor that is added, as posttranslation modification, in the endoplasmic reticulum. GPI-APs are expressed at the cell surface of eukaryotes where they play diverse vital functions. Like all plasma membrane proteins, GPI-APs must be correctly sorted along the different steps of the secretory pathway to their final destination. The presence of both a glycolipid anchor and a protein portion confers special trafficking features to GPI-APs. Here, we discuss the recent advances in the field of GPI-AP trafficking, focusing on the mechanisms regulating their biosynthetic pathway and plasma membrane organization. We also discuss how alterations of these mechanisms can result in different diseases. Finally, we will examine the strict relationship between the trafficking and function of GPI-APs in epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paladino
authors.affiliation: Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lebreton
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zurzolo
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D006457:Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010760:Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols
keywords: Cholesterol; Clustering; Epithelial cells; GPI-anchored proteins; Lipid rafts; Membrane trafficking; Oligomerization; Plasma membrane organization; Polarized sorting