title: Fentanyl-induced cough is a risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) are two common anaesthesia-related events, which seem to have common risk factors. In this prospective cohort study, we investigate whether patients who have FIC during induction of anaesthesia have an increased incidence of PONV.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied adult non-smoking gynaecological surgical patients enrolled between July 1, 2011 and July 30, 2012. The presence of FIC during induction and the occurrence of PONV were recorded. Fentanyl-induced cough and other perioperative variables were subjected to multivariate analysis to determine the association between FIC and PONV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 502 patients enrolled in this study had at least two risk factors for PONV, and 154 (31%) developed FIC. The incidence of PONV in the FIC group was higher than in the non-FIC group (56.5 vs 38.2%; P<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found FIC to be a predictive risk factor for the development of PONV (adjusted odds ratio 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.41-3.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-smoking women undergoing gynaecological surgery who develop FIC during induction of anaesthesia have a higher incidence of PONV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Campus Box 8054, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Leighton
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Campus Box 8054, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan chenl@anest.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015984:Causality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003371:Cough / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D010053:Ovary / Q000601:surgery; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014599:Uterus / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005283:Fentanyl
keywords: analgesics opioid, fentanyl; cough; postoperative nausea and vomiting