title: Radiolytic decomposition of ciprofloxacin using γ irradiation in aqueous solution.
abstract: Gamma irradiation-induced decomposition of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was elucidated with different additives, such as CO3 (2-), NO3 (-), NO2 (-), humic acid, methanol, 2-propanol, and tert-butanol. The results show that low initial concentration and acidic condition were favorable for CIP removal during γ irradiation. By contrast, radiolytic decomposition of CIP was inhibited with the addition of anions and organic additives. As a strong carcinogen, Cr(6+) was especially mixed with CIP to produce combined pollution. It is noteworthy that the removal of the mixture of CIP and Cr(6+) presented a synergistic effect; the degradation efficiency of the two pollutants was markedly improved compared to that of the single pollutant during γ irradiation. Based on the results of quantum chemical calculations and LC-MS analysis, we determined seven kinds of degradation intermediates and presented the CIP degradation pathways, which were mainly attributed to the oxidation process of hydroxyl radicals OH· and the direct decomposition of CIP molecules.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China. guozbnuist@163.com.|Collaborative Innovation Center Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China. guozbnuist@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhaobing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
authors.forename: Shengnan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Application of Atomic Energy in Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongfu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
authors.forename: Fengling
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
keywords: Ciprofloxacin; Cr6+; Degradation pathways; γ irradiation