title: Type 1 diabetes exacerbates blood-brain barrier alterations during experimental epileptic seizures in an animal model.
abstract: The aim of this study was to perform the effects of diabetes on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic attacks. For this propose, the animals were divided into four groups. These groups contained were intact, PTZ-treated, diabetic and PTZ-treated diabetic individuals, respectively. To evaluate the functioning of the BBB, Evans blue was used as a BBB permeability indicator, and the expressions of zonula occludens-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein involving the functioning of the BBB were determined immunohistochemically. Also, the changes in the release of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 were studied by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. BBB permeability in the seizures under diabetic conditions showed a considerable increase (p < 0·01) in all of the brain we studied. The immunoreactive staining intensity of zonula occludens-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein was found reduced in the brain regions of diabetic rats (p < 0·01). However, the serum level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha increased in diabetes and diabetes + PTZ groups, and the serum level of interleukin-12 increased significantly in all experimental groups (p < 0·05). In conclusion, diabetes dramatically increases BBB damage during epileptic seizures, and it may be derived from an elevation of paracellular passage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yorulmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaptan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: F Burcu
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Seker
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Baria
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oztas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D003292:Convulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D010539:Permeability; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003292:Convulsants; D016207:Cytokines; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C569044:Tjp1 protein, rat; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D013311:Streptozocin; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole
keywords: GFAP; ZO-1; blood-brain barrier; cytokines; diabetes; epilepsy