title: Ex vivo characterization of normal and adenocarcinoma colon samples by Mueller matrix polarimetry.
abstract: Mueller matrix polarimetry along with polar decomposition algorithm was employed for the characterization of ex vivo normal and adenocarcinoma human colon tissues by polarized light in the visible spectral range (425-725 nm). Six derived polarization metrics [total diattenuation (DT ), retardance (RT ), depolarization(ΔT ), linear diattenuation (DL), retardance (δ), and depolarization (ΔL)] were compared for normal and adenocarcinoma colon tissue samples. The results show that all six polarimetric properties for adenocarcinoma samples were significantly higher as compared to the normal samples for all wavelengths. The Wilcoxon rank sum test illustrated that total retardance is a good candidate for the discrimination of normal and adenocarcinoma colon samples. Support vector machine classification for normal and adenocarcinoma based on the four polarization properties spectra (ΔT , ΔL, RT ,and δ) yielded 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, while both DTa nd DL showed 66.6%, 33.3%, and 83.3% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively. The combination of polarization analysis and given classification methods provides a framework to distinguish the normal and cancerous tissues.
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, PakistanbCenter for Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (CENAR), Brewery Road, 17, Quetta, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Iftikhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, PakistancIslamia College (University), Department of Physics, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Manzoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sumara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Swat Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy (SINOR), Saidu Sharif, 50, Swat, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shakil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Masroor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikram
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000465:Algorithms; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured