title: Flow Cytometry-Based Method To Detect Persisters in Candida albicans.
abstract: Candida albicans biofilms contain a subpopulation whose members are defined as persisters, displaying great tolerance of fungicides. To directly observe such persisters, an effective method using green fluorescent protein (GFP) strain labeling by mutation of the gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TDH3), combined with propidium iodide (PI) staining, was established. Amphotericin B-tolerant persisters harbor the characteristics of both GFP positivity [GFP (+)] and propidium iodide (PI) negativity [PI (-)], which are easily visualized using a fluorescence microscope and measured by flow cytometry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Wenqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China louhongxiang@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongxiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D026141:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011419:Propidium
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D011419:Propidium; D000666:Amphotericin B; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases