title: Oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in porcine granulosa cells and its rescue by curcumin in vitro.
abstract: Oxidative stress (OS), as a signal of aberrant intracellular mechanisms, plays key roles in maintaining homeostasis for organisms. The occurrence of OS due to the disorder of normal cellular redox balance indicates the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or deficiency of antioxidants. Once the balance is broken down, repression of oxidative stress is one of the most effective ways to alleviate it. Ongoing studies provide remarkable evidence that oxidative stress is involved in reproductive toxicity induced by various stimuli, such as environmental toxicants and food toxicity. Zearalenone (ZEA), as a toxic compound existing in contaminated food products, is found to induce mycotoxicosis that has a significant impact on the reproduction of domestic animals, especially pigs. However, there is no information about how ROS and oxidative stress is involved in the influence of ZEA on porcine granulosa cells, or whether the stress can be rescued by curcumin. In this study, ZEA-induced effect on porcine granulosa cells was investigated at low concentrations (15 μM, 30 μM and 60 μM). In vitro ROS levels, the mRNA level and activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were obtained. The results showed that in comparison with negative control, ZEA increased oxidative stress with higher ROS levels, reduced the expression and activity of antioxidative enzymes, increased the intensity of fluorogenic probes 2', 7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate and dihydroethidium in flow cytometry assay and fluorescence microscopy. Meanwhile, the activity of glutathione (GSH) did not change obviously following 60 μM ZEA treatment. Furthermore, the underlying protective mechanisms of curcumin on the ZEA-treated porcine granulosa cells were investigated. The data revealed that curcumin pre-treatment significantly suppressed ZEA-induced oxidative stress. Collectively, porcine granulosa cells were sensitive to ZEA, which may induce oxidative stress. The findings from this study clearly demonstrate that curcumin is effective to reduce the dysregulation of cellular redox balance on porcine granulosa cells in vitro and should be further investigated for its protective role against ZEA in animals.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Xunsi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Mingjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Fangnong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Xifeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Shunfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: EMF Nutrition Ltd, 715 Marion Street, Winnipeg, MB R2J 0K6, Canada.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015025:Zearalenone; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D003474:Curcumin