title: Electrochemical impedance immunosensor for rapid detection of stressed pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
abstract: In this work, we report the adaptation of bacteria to stress conditions that induce instability of their cultural, morphological, and enzymatic characters, on which the identification of pathogenic bacteria is based. These can raise serious issues during the characterization of bacteria. The timely detection of pathogens is also a subject of great importance. For this reason, our objective is oriented towards developing an immunosensing system for rapid detection and quantification of Staphylococcus aureus. Polyclonal anti-S. aureus are immobilized onto modified gold electrode by self-assembled molecular monolayer (SAM) method. The electrochemical performances of the developed immunosensor were evaluated by impedance spectroscopy through the monitoring of the charge transfer resistance at the modified solid/liquid interface using ferri-/ferrocyanide as redox probe. The developed immunosensor was applied to detect stressed and resuscitate bacteria. As a result, a stable and reproducible immunosensor with sensitivity of 15 kΩ/decade and a detection limit of 10 CFU/mL was obtained for the S. aureus concentrations ranging from 10(1) to 10(7) CFU/mL. A low deviation in the immunosensor response (±10 %) was signed when it is exposed to stressed and not stressed bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l'Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bekir
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, UMR CNRS 5180, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, Bâtiment CPE, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Houcine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barhoumi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, UMR CNRS 5180, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, Bâtiment CPE, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.|Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Interfaces, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Tunisie, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braiek
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, UMR CNRS 5180, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, Bâtiment CPE, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.|Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Interfaces, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Tunisie, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Amani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chrouda
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, UMR CNRS 5180, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, Bâtiment CPE, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zine
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l'Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abid
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Interfaces, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Tunisie, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Abdelrazek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maaref
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l'Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakhrouf
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Analysis and processes applied to Environment Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hafedh Ben
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ouada
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, UMR CNRS 5180, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, Bâtiment CPE, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jaffrezic-Renault
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Analysis and processes applied to Environment Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia. hdbenmansour@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hedi Ben
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Mansour
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D006046:Gold
keywords: Immunosensor; Impedance spectroscopy; SAM; Staphylococcus aureus; Starvation