title: Effect of intratympanic application of efinaconazole 10 % solution in the guinea pig.
abstract: Efinaconazole 10 % solution is a new triazole antifungal agent developed for the topical treatment of fungal infections of the nails. The current study examined the effect of intratympanic application of efinaconazole 10 % solution in the guinea pig ear. Sixteen male Hartley guinea pigs (weight 501-620 g) were divided into 3 groups to be treated with efinaconazole 10 % solution, gentamicin (50 mg/mL), or saline solution. Topical solutions of 0.2 mL were applied through a small hole made at the tympanic bulla once daily for 7 consecutive days. Post-intervention auditory brainstem responses were obtained 7 days after the last treatment. The extent of middle ear damage and hair cell loss was investigated. The efinaconazole- and gentamicin-treated groups showed severe deterioration in auditory brainstem response threshold. Middle ear examination revealed extensive changes in the efinaconazole-treated group and medium changes in the gentamicin-treated group. Hair cells were preserved in the efinaconazole- and saline-treated groups, but severe damage was seen in the gentamicin group. In conclusion, efinaconazole 10 % solution applied intratympanically to the guinea pig middle ear caused significant middle ear inflammation and hearing impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. kazuhiroe@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Sen-en Rifu Hospital, Rifu, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honkura
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoukichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000187:drug effects*; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology*; D000069555:Injection, Intratympanic; D008297:Male; D012996:Solutions; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D012996:Solutions; D014230:Triazoles; C431707:efinaconazole
keywords: Aspergillus; Candida; Fungus; Hearing loss; Otomycosis