title: Validation of the Arabic linguistic version of the Ureteral Stent Symptoms Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Arabic version of the Ureteral Stent Symptoms Questionnaire (USSQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  The English version of the USSQ was translated into Arabic using a multi-step process by three urologists and two independent translators. The Arabic version was validated by asking 37 patients with temporary unilateral ureteric stents to complete the questionnaire at 2 weeks after stent insertion. The second group included 53 healthy individuals who agreed to complete the Arabic version of the questionnaire. The reliability of the Arabic version was evaluated for internal consistency using Cronbach's α test. Domain structures were examined by interdomain (section) associations using Spearman's correlation coefficient (r). The discrimination validity was evaluated by comparing the scores of patients with those of healthy individuals, using the Mann-Whitney test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency was high for the sexual index and intermediate for urinary, pain and general health indices. There were good correlations of urinary symptoms with body pain (r = 0.596) and general health (r = 0.690). There was also a good correlation between body pain and general health (r = 0.681). For discrimination validity, there were significant changes in all domain scores when comparing patients with ureteric stents and healthy individuals (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Arabic version of the USSQ is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to evaluate symptoms and health-related quality of life in Arabic patients with ureteric stents.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: El-Nahas
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elsaadany
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tharwat
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosbah
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amr H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Metwally
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hawary
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Francis X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Keeley
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khaled Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Sheir
keywords: JJ stent; QoL, quality of life; Quality of life; Questionnaire; Symptoms; USSQ, Ureteral Stent Symptoms Questionnaire; Ureteric stent