title: Hemodynamics of a hydrodynamic injection.
abstract: The hemodynamics during a hydrodynamic injection were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and fluoroscopic imaging. The impacts of hydrodynamic (5 seconds) and slow (60 seconds) injections into the tail veins of mice were compared using 9% body weight of a phase-contrast medium. Hydrodynamically injected solution traveled to the heart and drew back to the hepatic veins (HV), which led to liver expansion and a trace amount of spillover into the portal vein (PV). The liver volumes peaked at 165.6 ± 13.3% and 165.5 ± 11.9% of the original liver volumes in the hydrodynamic and slow injections, respectively. Judging by the intensity of the CBCT images at the PV, HV, right atrium, liver parenchyma (LP), and the inferior vena cava (IVC) distal to the HV conjunction, the slow injection resulted in the higher intensity at PV than at LP. In contrast, a significantly higher intensity was observed in LP after hydrodynamic injection in comparison with that of PV, suggesting that the liver took up the iodine from the blood flow. These results suggest that the enlargement speed of the liver, rather than the expanded volume, primarily determines the efficiency of hydrodynamic delivery to the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanefuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University , Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Dexi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu