title: The irregular diaphragmatic pleural interface: a novel sonographic sign facilitating the diagnosis of pneumonia.
abstract: Pneumonia, a disease that has been reported to be the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, has worsening mortality with delays in diagnosis. As the history and physical examination are excessively inaccurate in the diagnosis of pneumonia, we often rely on chest radiography to rule in or out disease. However, it is found to lack sufficient accuracy when computed tomography is used as the reference standard. Sonography has emerged as a viable alternative to chest radiography in the diagnosis of pneumonia. Here, we describe a novel sonographic sign that can be used to assist in the diagnosis of pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, Tennessee USA (J.O.A.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Emergency Ultrasound, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA (V.E.N.). j.owen.avila@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jacob O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, Tennessee USA (J.O.A.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Emergency Ultrasound, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA (V.E.N.).
authors.forename: Vicki E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Noble
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010994:Pleura / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: infection; pneumonia; point-of-care ultrasound; pulmonary; thoracic