title: Control methods against invasive Aedes mosquitoes in Europe: a review.
abstract: Five species of invasive Aedes mosquitoes have recently become established in Europe: Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. japonicus japonicus, Ae. koreicus and Ae. atropalpus. These mosquitoes are a serious nuisance for people and are also competent vectors for several exotic pathogens such as dengue and chikungunya viruses. As they are a growing public health concern, methods to control these mosquitoes need to be implemented to reduce their biting and their potential for disease transmission. There is a crucial need to evaluate methods as part of an integrated invasive mosquito species control strategy in different European countries, taking into account local Aedes infestations and European regulations. This review presents the control methods available or in development against invasive Aedes mosquitoes, with a particular focus on those that can be implemented in Europe. These control methods are divided into five categories: environmental (source reduction), mechanical (trapping), biological (e.g. copepods, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, Wolbachia), chemical (insect growth regulators, pyrethroids) and genetic (sterile insect technique and genetically modified mosquitoes). We discuss the effectiveness, ecological impact, sustainability and stage of development of each control method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldacchino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma 'Sapienza', Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Beniamino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (UMR MIVEGEC), Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles (LIN), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chandre
authors.affiliation: Entostudio snc, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma 'Sapienza', Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: della Torre
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montarsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Annapaola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzoli
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D005060:Europe; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007306:Insecticides; D058865:Introduced Species; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides
keywords: Aedes; Europe; field trial; insecticide; integrated vector management; vector control