title: Immunogenicity and safety of the human papillomavirus vaccine in patients with autoimmune diseases: A systematic review.
abstract: Whereas safety and efficacy of HPV vaccines in healthy women have been shown in several randomised controlled clinical trials and in post marketing analyses, only few data exist in patients affected by autoimmune diseases. These issues are significant as autoimmune conditions are recognised as a risk factor for the persistence of HPV infection. Herein we review and systematise the existing literature to assess immunogenicity and safety of HPV vaccination in patients with autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The results of our literature revision suggest that the HPV vaccines are efficacious and safe in most of the patients affected by autoimmune diseases. Yet, some points of concern remain to be tackled, including the effects of concomitant therapies, the risk of disease exacerbation and the cost-effectiveness of such immunisation programmes in these populations.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: sonia.radice@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radice
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clementi
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: Autoimmune diseases; Cost-effectiveness; HPV vaccines; Safety