title: Structured exercise improves mobility after hip fracture: a meta-analysis with meta-regression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of structured exercise on overall mobility in people after hip fracture. To explore associations between trial-level characteristics and overall mobility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database to May 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials of structured exercise, which aimed to improve mobility compared with a control intervention in adult participants after surgery for hip fracture were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted by one investigator and checked by an independent investigator. Standardised mean differences (SMD) of overall mobility were meta-analysed using random effects models. Random effects meta-regression was used to explore associations between trial-level characteristics and overall mobility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  13 trials included in the meta-analysis involved 1903 participants. The pooled Hedges' g SMD for overall mobility was 0.35 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.58, p=0.002) in favour of the intervention. Meta-regression showed greater treatment effects in trials that included progressive resistance exercise (change in SMD=0.58, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.98, p=0.008, adjusted R2=60%) and delivered interventions in settings other than hospital alone (change in SMD=0.50, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.93, p=0.024, adjusted R2=49%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Structured exercise produced small improvements on overall mobility after hip fracture. Interventions that included progressive resistance training and were delivered in other settings were more effective, although the latter may have been confounded by duration of interventions.
authors.affiliation: Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diong
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sherrington
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D004856:Postural Balance; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D055070:Resistance Training; D016138:Walking