title: Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn, sorghum, and wheat and coproducts from these grains.
abstract: The objectives of this work were to determine carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of DM and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) in corn, wheat, and sorghum and coproducts from these grains. In the initial part of this work, the carbohydrate composition of 12 feed ingredients was determined. The 12 ingredients included 3 grains (corn, sorghum, and wheat), 3 coproducts from the dry grind industry (corn distillers dried grains with solubles [DDGS] and 2 sources of sorghum DDGS), 4 coproducts from the wet milling industry (corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn germ meal, and corn bran), and 2 coproducts from the flour milling industry (wheat middlings and wheat bran). Results indicated that grains contained more starch and less NSP compared with grain coproducts. The concentration of soluble NSP was low in all ingredients. Cellulose, arabinoxylans, and other hemicelluloses made up approximately 22, 49, and 29% (DM basis), respectively, of the NSP in corn and corn coproducts and approximately 25, 43, and 32% (DM basis), respectively, of the NSP in sorghum and sorghum DDGS. Cellulose, arabinoxylans, and other hemicelluloses made up approximately 16, 64, and 20% (DM basis), respectively, of the NSP in wheat and wheat coproducts. The concentration of lignin in grains was between 0.8 and 1.8% (DM basis), whereas coproducts contained between 2.2 and 11.5% lignin (DM basis). The in vitro ileal digestibility of NSP was close to zero or negative for all feed ingredients, indicating that pepsin and pancreas enzymes have no effect on in vitro degradation of NSP. A strong negative correlation ( = 0.97) between in vitro ileal digestibility of DM and the concentration of NSP in feed ingredients was observed. In vitro total tract digestibility of NSP ranged from 6.5% in corn bran to 57.3% in corn gluten meal. In conclusion, grains and grain coproducts contain mostly insoluble NSP and arabinoxylans make up the majority of the total NSP fraction. The in vitro digestibility of NSP depends on the amount and type of NSP and degree of lignification in the feed ingredient. The NSP composition of grains and grain coproducts plays an important role in determining the extent of fermentation of NSP; therefore, NSP composition influences the energy value of grains and grain coproducts.
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Jaworski
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lærke
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bach Knudsen
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014990:Xylans / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014990:Xylans; C007916:hemicellulose; D002482:Cellulose; C085118:arabinoxylan