title: Complex Interplay of Hormonal Signals during Grape Berry Ripening.
abstract: Grape and wine production and quality is extremely dependent on the fruit ripening process. Sensory and nutritional characteristics are important aspects for consumers and their development during fruit ripening involves complex hormonal control. In this review, we explored data already published on grape ripening and compared it with the hormonal regulation of ripening of other climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. The roles of abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroids as promoters of ripening are discussed, as well as the role of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, jasmonates, and polyamines as inhibitors of ripening. In particular, the recently described role of polyamine catabolism in grape ripening is discussed, together with its putative interaction with other hormones. Furthermore, other recent examples of cross-talk among the different hormones are presented, revealing a complex interplay of signals during grape development and ripening.
authors.affiliation: BioISI, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. amfortes@fc.ul.pt.|Instituto de Tecnologia de Química Biológica (ITQB), Biotecnologia de Células Vegetais, Av. da República, 2781-157 Oeiras, Portugal. amfortes@fc.ul.pt.
authors.forename: Ana Margarida
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fortes
authors.affiliation: BioISI, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rita Teresa
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: BioISI, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agudelo-Romero
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D060406:Brassinosteroids / Q000378:metabolism; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D027843:Vitis / Q000254:growth & development*; D014920:Wine / Q000145:classification*
chemical_list: D060406:Brassinosteroids; D005030:Ethylenes; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C036216:ethylene
keywords: grape ripening; hormonal regulation; metabolome; polyamines; transcriptome; viticulture