title: A Cell Culture Model of Latent and Lytic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Spiral Ganglion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) is supposed to be one of the causes of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. This study aims to establish a cell culture model of latent and lytic HSV-1 infection in spiral ganglia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the presence of acyclovir, primary cultures of SGNs were latently infected with HSV-1 expressing green fluorescent protein. Four days later, these cells were treated with trichostatin A (TSA), a known chemical reactivator of HSV-1. TCID50 was used to measure the titers of virus in cultures on Vero cells. RNA from cultures was detected for the presence of transcripts of ICP27 and latency-associated transcript (LAT) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is no detectable infectious HSV-1 in latently infected cultures, whereas they could be observed in both lytically infected and latently infected/TSA-treated cultures. LAT was the only detectable transcript during latent infection, whereas lytic ICP27 transcript was detected in lytically infected and latently infected/TSA-treated cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cultured SGNs can be both latently and lytically infected with HSV-1. Furthermore, latently infected SGNs can be reactivated using TSA, yielding infectious virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuehong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shufeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013136:Spiral Ganglion / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D014709:Vero Cells; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C012589:trichostatin A