title: Advanced Technologies in Sialic Acid and Sialoglycoconjugate Analysis.
abstract: Although the structural diversity of sialic acid (Sia) is rapidly expanding, understanding of its biological significance has lagged behind. Advanced technologies to detect and probe diverse structures of Sia are absolutely necessary not only to understand further biological significance but also to pursue medicinal and industrial applications. Here we describe analytical methods for detection of Sia that have recently been developed or improved, with a special focus on 9-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), deaminoneuraminic acid (Kdn), O-sulfated Sia (SiaS), and di-, oligo-, and polysialic acid (diSia/oligoSia/polySia) in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Much more attention has been paid to these Sia and sialoglycoconjugates during the last decade, in terms of regulation of the immune system, neural development and function, tumorigenesis, and aging.
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotecnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, kitajima@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Nissi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Varki
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009438:Neuraminic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006001:Glycoconjugates; D006017:Glycolipids; D006023:Glycoproteins; D009438:Neuraminic Acids; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012794:Sialic Acids; C099023:poly(2,8-deaminoneuraminic acid); C021319:polysialic acid; C016735:sialooligosaccharides; C032592:N-glycolylneuraminic acid; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid