title: Acupressure and anxiety in cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anxiety has negative effects on mental and physical performance, quality of life, duration of hospitalization, and even on the treatment of patients with cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Today acupressure is widely used to treat anxiety. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of acupressure on anxiety in patients with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 85 patients hospitalized with 3 groups including acupressure group (n = 27), sham group (n = 28), and control group (n = 30) in the hematologic ward of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Hamadan, Iran, in 2013. The sampling permuted-block randomization with triple block was used. The anxiety of the patients in the experimental, sham, and control groups were measured with Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Then, real acupressure was performed in the experimental group and fake acupressure in the sham group, and only routine care was provided for the control group. Anxiety of the patients was also assessed at 5 and 10 days after the intervention. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by SPSS software using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the findings, the mean level of anxiety before the intervention between groups were matched (P > 0.05). Acupressure had a significant influence on the anxiety in the experimental group at 5 (45.30 ± 7.14) and 10 days (43.48 ± 6.82) after the intervention (P < 0.05). However, it did not have a significant impact on their covert anxiety (45.48 ± 7.92 at 5(th) day vs 45.63 ± 8.08 at 10th day, P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the fake points regarding overt and covert anxiety of patients in the sham group (overt anxiety; 47.57 ± 7.85 at 5(th) day vs. 46.71 ± 7.32 at 10(th) day, P > 0.05) (covert anxiety; 47.96 ± 6.33 at 5(th) day vs. 46.89 ± 6.94 at 10(th) day, P > 0.05). Moreover, the routine care provided for the control group did not have any effect on the overt and covert anxiety of the patients (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acupressure is recommended as a complementary therapy to reduce anxiety in patients with cancer because of its low cost, safety, and simplicity.
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Home Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beikmoradi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Modeling of Non-Communicable Diseases, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ghodratallah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roshanaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pour Esmaeil
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Maternal and Child Care, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khatibian
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
keywords: Acupressure; Anxiety; Neoplasms