title: A rare cause of hypoxia in a patient with liver cirrhosis.
abstract: Pulmonary syndromes in the setting of hepatic disease with portal hypertension include portopulmonary hypertension (POPH), hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hepatic hydrothorax. POPH is defined as pulmonary arterial hypertension with portal hypertension in the absence of other causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension. HPS is a defect in arterial oxygenation as a result of pulmonary micro vascular dilatation in the setting of liver disease. We discuss a case of 63-year-old female with liver cirrhosis, exertional dyspnea and hypoxia associated with coexistence of POPH and HPS. The coexistence of POPH and HPS is rare entity which can generate a renewal of interest in further understanding the intricate pathologies behind these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, UF College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical care, UF College of Medicine, 655 8th Street West, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girdhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical care, UF College of Medicine, 655 8th Street West, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA.
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Usman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical care, UF College of Medicine, 655 8th Street West, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical care, UF College of Medicine, 655 8th Street West, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA.
authors.forename: Abubakr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bajwa
keywords: Hepatopulmonary syndrome; Orthodeoxia; Portopulmonary hypertension