title: Survey of Microbial Diversity in Flood Areas during Thailand 2011 Flood Crisis Using High-Throughput Tagged Amplicon Pyrosequencing.
abstract: The Thailand flood crisis in 2011 was one of the largest recorded floods in modern history, causing enormous damage to the economy and ecological habitats of the country. In this study, bacterial and fungal diversity in sediments and waters collected from ten flood areas in Bangkok and its suburbs, covering residential and agricultural areas, were analyzed using high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer sequences. Analysis of microbial community showed differences in taxa distribution in water and sediment with variations in the diversity of saprophytic microbes and sulfate/nitrate reducers among sampling locations, suggesting differences in microbial activity in the habitats. Overall, Proteobacteria represented a major bacterial group in waters, while this group co-existed with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria in sediments. Anaeromyxobacter, Steroidobacter, and Geobacter were the dominant bacterial genera in sediments, while Sulfuricurvum, Thiovirga, and Hydrogenophaga predominated in waters. For fungi in sediments, Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, and Basidiomycota, particularly in genera Philipsia, Rozella, and Acaulospora, were most frequently detected. Chytridiomycota and Ascomycota were the major fungal phyla, and Rhizophlyctis and Mortierella were the most frequently detected fungal genera in water. Diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria, related to odor problems, was further investigated using analysis of the dsrB gene which indicated the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria of families Desulfobacteraceae, Desulfobulbaceae, Syntrobacteraceae, and Desulfoarculaceae in the flood sediments. The work provides an insight into the diversity and function of microbes related to biological processes in flood areas.
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wuttichai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mhuantong
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sarunyou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wongwilaiwalin
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thanaporn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laothanachareon
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eurwilaichitr
authors.affiliation: Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sithichoke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tangphatsornruang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayatai, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Phayatai, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Benjaporn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boonchayaanant
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayatai, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Phayatai, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tawan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Limpiyakorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayatai, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kobchai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pattaragulwanit
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Phayatai, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thantip
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Punmatharith
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States of America.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eakalak
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayatai, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Phayatai, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Manaskorn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rachakornkij
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Verawat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Champreda
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044822:Biodiversity; D055868:Floods; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D011891:Rain / Q000382:microbiology*; D016999:Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria / Q000502:physiology; D013785:Thailand; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S