title: Unraveling Brazilian Indian population prostate good health: clinical, anthropometric and genetic features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare dietary, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric, genetic and prostatic features of Brazilian Indians and non-Indians (Amazon).
  
  
  METHODS
  315 men, 228 Indians and 89 non-Indians, ≥ 40 years old were submitted to digital rectal examination, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, TP53 and GSTP1 genotyping, anthropometric, lifestyle, dietary, personal and familial medical history. Prostatic symptoms were evaluated with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macuxis and Yanomamis represented 43.6% and 14.5% of Indians respectively who spontaneously referred no prostate symptoms. Mean IPSS was 7, range 3-19, with only 15% of moderate symptoms (score 8-19); Mean age was 54.7 years, waist circumference 86.6 cm, BMI 23.9 kg/m(2). Yanomamis presented both lower BMI (21.4 versus 24.8 and 23.3, p=0,001) and prostate volume than Macuxis and "other ethnic groups" (15 versus 20, p=0.001). Testosterone (414 versus 502 and 512, p=0.207) and PSA (0.48 versus 0.6 and 0.41, p=0.349) were similar with progressive PSA increase with aging. Val/Val correlated with lower PSA (p=0.0361). Indians compared to control population presented: - TP53 super representation of Arg/Arg haplotype, 74.5% versus 42.5%, p<0.0001. -GSTP1 Ile/Ile 35.3% versus 60.9%; Ile/Val 45.9% versus 28.7%; Val/Val 18.8% versus 10.3%; p=0.0003.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Observed specific dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric and genetic profile for TP53 and GSTP1 may contribute to Brazilian Indian population prostate good health.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Genetics and Urology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario M de
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lima Junior
authors.affiliation: Departments of Genetics and Urology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Departments of Genetics and Urology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ubirajara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Departments of Genetics and Urology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ulieme Oliveira
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Departments of Genetics and Urology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Bueno
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: Departments of Genetics and Urology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo B de
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Departments of Genetics and Urology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D001938:Brazil; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008019:Life Style / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen