title: Quantification of Selenomonas sputigena in Chronic Periodontitis in Smokers Using 16S rDNA Based PCR Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Selenomonas species have been associated with chronic periodontitis and have been implicated in converting periodontal health to disease. Scanty literature is available in Indian population. Hence, the objective of the study was to detect the prevalence of Selenomonas sputigena in healthy and chronic periodontitis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Indian population and to check whether smoking affects the subgingival microflora of this organism in chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 subjects with severe chronic periodontitis with or without smoking and periodontal healthy subjects underwent clinical and microbiological assessment. A deep subgingival plaque sample was collected and genomic DNA was extracted from each sample and analysed for detection of Selnomonas sputigena using PCR. The frequency and quantification of bacteria were also estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups differed statistically significant in the frequency of detection of Selenomonas sputigena. On comparison of patients with chronic periodontitis in smokers and non-smokers, there was no statistically significant difference. When the results were quantified, statistically non-significant results were seen among all groups. Plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were statistically non-significant in chronic periodontitis with smokers and non-smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of Selenomonas sputigena showed significant differences with respect to the frequency of detection when comparing the disease group to the healthy population. But no significant difference was seen when the results were quantified. Smoking has no influence on number of Selenomonas sputigena. This study highlights presence as well as quantity of the organism is very important in elucidating its role in causation and progression of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra State, India .
authors.forename: Raghavendra Shrishail
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Medikeri
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Periodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra State, India .
authors.forename: Suresh Vasant
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Lele
authors.affiliation: Research Student, Department of Periodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra State, India .
authors.forename: Pinal Mahendra
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Research Student, Department of Periodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra State, India .
authors.forename: Pradnya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mali
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra State, India .
authors.forename: Manjushri Raghavendra
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Medikeri
keywords: Microbiology/selenomonas sputigena; Molecular biology/polymerase chain reaction; Smoking