title: Open reduction and internal fixation versus percutaneous transverse Kirschner wire fixation for single, closed second to fifth metacarpal shaft fractures: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of single, closed metacarpal shaft fractures is increasingly preferred over closed reduction and percutaneous fixation (K-wire). The aim of this systematic review is to determine whether the preference for ORIF can be substantiated based on the available literature regarding the functional outcome and complications after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was performed using a computer-based search on MedLine and Embase, following the preferred reporting items for systematic and meta-analyses guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five non-comparative studies were found. Two studies reported on 36 ORIF-treated patients. Three studies reported on 65 K-wire-treated patients. Complications were reported in 8 ORIF-treated patients (22 %) and in 23 K-wire-treated patients (35 %). Functional outcome was generally reported as good for both techniques. Nonetheless functional impairment requiring reoperation was reported in 6 ORIF-treated patients (17 %) and in none of the K-wire-treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although for both techniques good functional outcomes were reported, the significance of the functional impairment after ORIF requiring reoperation suggests ORIF to be a less favorable technique for single, closed metacarpal shaft fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. a.p.a.greeven@lumc.nl.|Department of Surgery, HagaHospital, The Hague, The Netherlands. a.p.a.greeven@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: A P A
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Greeven
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bezstarosti
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krijnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Schipper
mesh_terms: D001864:Bone Wires; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D000070799:Open Fracture Reduction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care
keywords: Closed metacarpal fracture; Kirschner wire; Open reduction and internal fixation; Operative treatment; Percutaneous fixation; Single shaft fracture