title: Surfaces Presenting α-Phenyl Mannoside Derivatives Enable Formation of Stable, High Coverage, Non-pathogenicEscherichia coliBiofilms against Pathogen Colonization.
abstract: Prevention of pathogenic colonization on medical devices over a long period of time remains a great challenge, especially in a high-nutrient environment that accelerates production of biomass leading to biofouling of the device. Since biofouling and the subsequent pathogen colonization is eventually inevitable, a new strategy using non-pathogenic bacteria as living guards against pathogenic colonization on medical devices has attracted increasing interest. Crucial to the success of this strategy is to pre-establish a high coverage and stable biofilm of benign bacteria on the surface. Silicone elastomers are one of the most widely used materials in biomedical devices. In this work, we modified silicone surfaces to promote formation of high coverage and stable biofilms by a non-pathogenicEscherichia colistrain 83972 with type 1 fimbriae (fim+) to interfere the colonization of an aggressive biofilm-forming, uropathogenicEnterococcus faecalis. Although it is well known that mannoside surfaces promote the initial adherence offim+ E. colithrough binding to the FimH receptor at the tip of the type 1 fimbriae, it is not clear whether the fast initial adherence could lead to a high coverage and stable protective biofilm. To explore the role of mannoside ligands, we synthesized a series of alkyl and aryl mannosides varied in structure and immobilized them on silicone surfaces pre-coated with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer. We found that stable and densely packed benignE. colibiofilms were formed on the surfaces presenting biphenyl mannoside with the highest initial adherence offim+ E. coli. These non-pathogenic biofilms prevented the colonization ofE. faecalisfor 11 days at a high concentration (108CFU mL-1, 100,000 times above the diagnostic threshold for urinary tract infection) in the nutrient-rich Lysogeny Broth (LB) media. The result shows a correlation among the initial adherence offim+ E. coli83972, the coverage and long-term stability of the resultant biofilms, as well as their efficiency for preventing the pathogen colonization.
authors.affiliation: 112 Fleming Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA. ; Tel: +1-713-743-2710.
authors.forename: Zhiling
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: 112 Fleming Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA. ; Tel: +1-713-743-2710.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 112 Fleming Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA. ; Tel: +1-713-743-2710.
authors.forename: Analette I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: 112 Fleming Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA. ; Tel: +1-713-743-2710.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: 112 Fleming Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA. ; Tel: +1-713-743-2710.
authors.forename: Yongkai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 112 Fleming Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA. ; Tel: +1-713-743-2710.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: 112 Fleming Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA. ; Tel: +1-713-743-2710.
authors.forename: Siheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P R China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 112 Fleming Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA. ; Tel: +1-713-743-2710.
authors.forename: Chengzhi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
keywords: bacterial interference; biofilms; catheter-associated urinary tract infection; non-pathogenic bacteria; silicone