title: Does intra-articular fracture change the lubricant content of synovial fluid?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lubrication function is impaired and the lubricant content of synovial fluid (SF) changes immediately after plateau tibia fractures. Here, we aimed to analyze the lubricant content of SF at chronic term following plateau tibia fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight surgically treated patients without joint incongruency (<2 mm displacement) were included in the study. Joint aspiration had been possible in 16 of the participants. However, sampling could be made from healthy knees in only ten of these patients. Twenty-six SF samples (16 injured knees, 10 healthy knees) were analyzed for concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA), proteoglycan-4 (PRG4), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group of experimental samples were obtained at a mean of 31 (12-66) months after injury from patients with a mean age of 45.1 (32-57) years. There were no relationships detected between biochemical analysis results and patient ages, sexes, postoperative time, and fracture type. After excluding six patients for whom we could not sample from their healthy knee, ten patients' values were compared with paired Wilcoxon signed rank test and no significant differences detected between the healthy and injured knee in terms of the SF concentrations of HA and PRG4 (p = 0.225 and 0.893, respectively). Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in SF sample concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 between healthy and injured knees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite acute changes, the long-term concentrations of HA and PRG4 were similar after plateau tibial fracture. We could not detect any concentration level differences between healthy knees and injured knees regarding HA and PRG4 in the long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LNB State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. drhhc@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hasan H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey. drmehmeterdil@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erdil
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey. gokhanpolat7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey. dnzkr88@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey. drelifkilic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey. akocyigitdr@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdurrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocyigit
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey. ituncay@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tuncay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D057072:Intra-Articular Fractures / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099158:Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011509:Proteoglycans; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; C419197:PRG4 protein, human; D000099158:Proteoglycan 4