title: Xijiao Dihuang Decoction () and Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. protect mice against lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced acute liver failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction (, XJDHD) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) as well as the underlying mechanism of action, and to clarify the key herbs and components of XJDHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) or TNF-α/D-GalN were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6J mice to induce ALF. Simultaneously, XJDHD or its individual herbs and components were orally administered. Survival rates, transaminase levels in serum, and hepatic histology were examined to evaluate the effects of XJDHD. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction were additionally performed to expound the mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic activity of XJDHD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of XJDHD protected mice from lethal liver failure induced by LPS and TNF-α, with notable amelioration of liver injury in histology and a significant decrease in transaminase levels in serum. XJDHD significantly inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes and enhanced expression of the antiapoptosis genes, c-Flip, Iap1, Gadd45b and A20. In addition, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. was identified as the key herb of XJDHD and galactose as the effective component of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. that protects against ALF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  XJDHD inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by promoting the expression of nuclear factor κ B-regulated anti-apoptotic genes. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. is the effective herb of XJDHD and galactose is an active component in this protection.
authors.affiliation: Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
authors.forename: Liu-Luan
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China. zenghui@ccmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China. wangxb@ccmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xian-Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005688:Galactosamine; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D032267:Rehmannia / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020011:Protective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C036757:lipopolysaccharide B; D005688:Galactosamine
keywords: Chinese medicine; Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.; Xijiao Dihuang Decoction; acute liver failure; lipopolysaccharides; tumor necrosis factor alpha