title: Splenectomy attenuates obesity and decreases insulin hypersecretion in hypothalamic obese rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity-induced abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, are frequently correlated with low-grade inflammation, a process that may depend on normal spleen function. This study investigated the role of the spleen in the obesity induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSG-obese and lean control (CON) rats were subjected to splenectomy (SPL) or non-operated (NO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSG-NO rats presented a high adipose tissue content, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and islet hypersecretion, accompanied by hypertrophy of both pancreatic islets and adipocytes when compared with CON-NO rats. In addition, changes in nitric oxide response were found in islets from the MSG-NO group without associated alterations in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or IL1β expression. MSG-NO also presented increased leukocyte counts and augmented LPS-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages. Splenectomy of MSG-obese animals decreased insulin hypersecretion, normalized the nitric oxide response in the pancreatic islets, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hypertrophy of both adipocytes and islets, when compared with MSG-NO rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results show that splenectomy attenuates the progression of the obesity modulating pancreas functions in MSG-obese rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: nayaracleite@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nayara de Carvalho
authors.initials: Nde C
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisangela Gueiber
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stefani Valéria
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia Regina Capriglioni
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cancian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio Cezar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departament of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marli Cardoso
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martins-Pinge
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Cristine
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kanunfre
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF/Polo Xerém), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kleber Luiz Araujo
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grassiolli
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012970:Sodium Glutamate; D013156:Splenectomy
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012970:Sodium Glutamate
keywords: Insulin; Islets; Obesity; Spleen