title: Purification and characterization of cholecystokinin from the skin of salamander Tylototriton verrucosus.
abstract: As a group of intestinal hormones and neurotransmitters, cholecystokinins (CCKs) regulate and affect pancreatic enzyme secretion, gastrointestinal motility, pain hypersensitivity, digestion and satiety, and generally contain a DYMGWMDFG sequence at the C-terminus. Many CCKs have been reported in mammals. However, only a few have been reported in amphibians, such as Hyla nigrovittata, Xenopus laevis, and Rana catesbeiana, with none reported in urodele amphibians like newts and salamanders. Here, a CCK called CCK-TV was identified and characterized from the skin of the salamander Tylototriton verrucosus. This CCK contained an amino acid sequence of DYMGWMDF-NH2 as seen in other CCKs. A cDNA encoding the CCK precursor containing 129 amino acid residues was cloned from the cDNA library of T. verrucosus skin. The CCK-TV had the potential to induce the contraction of smooth muscle strips isolated from porcine gallbladder, eliciting contraction at a concentration of 5.0 x 10⁻¹¹ mol/L and inducing maximal contraction at a concentration of 2.0 x 10⁻⁶ mol/L. The EC50 was 13.6 nmol/L. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to identify the presence of a CCK in an urodele amphibian.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
authors.forename: Ma
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
authors.forename: Bo-Wen
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China.yuzhusong@kmust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu-Zhu
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China. lvqm@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Min
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029845:Amphibian Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014562:Caudata / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D002766:Cholecystokinin
keywords: Amphibian; Cholecystokinin; Salamander; Skin