title: Changes in the composition of intestinal fungi and their role in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.
abstract: Intestinal fungi are increasingly believed to greatly influence gut health. However, the effects of fungi on intestinal inflammation and on gut bacterial constitution are not clear. Here, based on pyrosequencing method, we reveal that fungal compositions vary in different intestinal segments (ileum, cecum, and colon), prefer different colonization locations (mucosa and feces), and are remarkably changed during intestinal inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis mouse models compare to normal controls: Penicillium, Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, and Candida are increased while Cryptococcus, Phialemonium, Wallemia and an unidentified Saccharomycetales genus are decreased in the guts of DSS-colitis mice. Fungi-depleted mice exhibited aggravated acute DSS-colitis associated with gain of Hallella, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus and loss of butyrate-producing Clostridium XIVa, and Anaerostipes compare with normal control. In contrast, bacteria-depleted mice show attenuated acute DSS-colitis. Mice with severely chronic recurrent DSS-colitis show increased plasma (1,3)-β-D-glucan level and fungal translocation into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. This work demonstrate the different roles of fungi in acute and chronic recurrent colitis: They are important counterbalance to bacteria in maintaining intestinal micro-ecological homeostasis and health in acutely inflamed intestines, but can harmfully translocate into abnormal sites and could aggravate disease severity in chronic recurrent colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xinyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Micro-biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology &Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yulan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007249:Inflammation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D062793:Occludin / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D062793:Occludin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; C569043:Tjp1 protein, mouse; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D047071:beta-Glucans; C010770:polysaccharide-K; D015725:Fluconazole; D016264:Dextran Sulfate