title: A novel technique for simultaneous whole-body and multi-organ decellularization: umbilical artery catheterization as a perfusion-based method in a sheep foetus model.
abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a method to generate multi-organ acellular matrices. Using a foetal sheep model have developed a method of systemic pulsatile perfusion via the umbilical artery which allows for simultaneous multi-organ decellularization. Twenty sheep foetuses were systemically perfused with Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulphate. Following completion of the whole-body decellularization, multiple biopsy samples were taken from different parts of 21 organs to ascertain complete cell component removal in the preserved extracellular matrices. Both the natural and decellularized organs were subjected to several examinations. The samples were obtained from the skin, eye, ear, nose, throat, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, musculoskeletal, central nervous and peripheral nervous systems. The histological results depicted well-preserved extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity and intact vascular structures, without any evidence of residual cellular materials, in all decellularized bioscaffolds. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and biochemical properties remained intact, similar to their age-matched native counterparts. Preservation of the collagen structure was evaluated by a hydroxyproline assay. Dense organs such as bone and muscle were also completely decellularized, with a preserved ECM structure. Thus, as shown in this study, several organs and different tissues were decellularized using a perfusion-based method, which has not been previously accomplished. Given the technical challenges that exist for the efficient generation of biological scaffolds, the current results may pave the way for obtaining a variety of decellularized scaffolds from a single donor. In this study, there have been unique responses to the single acellularization protocol in foetuses, which may reflect the homogeneity of tissues and organs in the developing foetal body.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Abdol-Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kajbafzadeh
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khorramirouz
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabetkish
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Nastaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sabetkish
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Paria
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saadat
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tehrani
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014469:Umbilical Arteries
chemical_list: D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D017830:Octoxynol
keywords: extracellular matrix; foetus; scaffolds; sheep; whole-body decellularization