title: Development of a simple binary response questionnaire to identify airflow obstruction in a smoking population in Argentina.
abstract: The CODE questionnaire (COPD detection questionnaire), a simple, binary response scale (yes/no), screening questionnaire, was developed for the identification of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted a survey of 468 subjects with a smoking history in 10 public hospitals in Argentina. Patients with a previous diagnosis of COPD, asthma and other respiratory illness were excluded. Items that measured conceptual domains in terms of characteristics of symptoms, smoking history and demographics data were considered. 96 (20.5%) subjects had a diagnosis of COPD according to the 2010 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease strategy document. The variables selected for the final questionnaire were based on univariate and multivariate analyses and clinical criteria. Finally, we selected the presence or absence of six variables (age ≥50 years, smoking history ≥30 pack-years, male sex, chronic cough, chronic phlegm and dyspnoea). Of patients without any of these six variables (0 points), none had COPD. The ability of the CODE questionnaire to discriminate between subjects with and without COPD was good (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75). Higher scores were associated with a greater probability of COPD. The CODE questionnaire is a brief, accurate questionnaire that can identify smoking individuals likely to have COPD.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Obstructive Diseases Division, Argentine Respiratory Medicine Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bergna
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Obstructive Diseases Division, Argentine Respiratory Medicine Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina cenasma@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriel R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Obstructive Diseases Division, Argentine Respiratory Medicine Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alchapar
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Obstructive Diseases Division, Argentine Respiratory Medicine Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Altieri
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Obstructive Diseases Division, Argentine Respiratory Medicine Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan C Figueroa
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Obstructive Diseases Division, Argentine Respiratory Medicine Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larrateguy
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Obstructive Diseases Division, Argentine Respiratory Medicine Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Luis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Nannini
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Obstructive Diseases Division, Argentine Respiratory Medicine Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pascansky
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Obstructive Diseases Division, Argentine Respiratory Medicine Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grabre
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Obstructive Diseases Division, Argentine Respiratory Medicine Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zabert
authors.affiliation: Pneumology Dept, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miravitlles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires