title: Association of usual self-reported dietary intake with ecological momentary measures of affective and physical feeling states in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the relationship between dietary intake and affective and physical feeling states in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to examine how usual dietary intake is cross-sectionally associated with both average affective and physical feeling state ratings and rating variability in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (N = 110, mean age = 11.0 ± 1.2 years, 52.5% male, 30.1% Hispanic/Latino) completed EMA measures of affective and physical feeling states 3-7 times per day for a full or partial day (weekday evenings and weekend days and evenings) over a 4-day period. Usual intake of pre-selected dietary components was measured prior to the EMA measurement period using the Block Kids Food Screener. Statistical analyses included mixed models and mixed-effects location scale models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater usual fiber intake was cross-sectionally associated with higher average positive affect (PA) ratings, lower variability of NA ratings, and higher variability of physical fatigue ratings. Lower usual glycemic load of diet was cross-sectionally associated with lower variability of NA ratings. Lower usual added sugar intake was cross-sectionally associated with higher average physical energy ratings and lower variability of NA ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although temporal precedence was not established by these findings, they indicate that characteristics of children's usual dietary intake are cross-sectionally associated with both the average and variability of affective and physical feeling states. EMA offers a promising avenue through which to explore the associations between affective states and diet and has the potential to provide insight into nuances of this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Prevention Research, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA. Electronic address: goreilly@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.affiliation: Institute for Prevention Research, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Jimi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St., Unit Number: 1330, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schembre
authors.affiliation: Institute for Prevention Research, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Eleanor B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.affiliation: Institute for Prevention Research, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pentz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Prevention Research, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002140:California; D040421:Cell Phone; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D000067940:Glycemic Load; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D057566:Self Report; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D019422:Dietary Sucrose
keywords: Affect; Affective state variability; Dietary intake; Ecological momentary assessment; Physical feeling state