title: The Role of Substance-Specific Skills and Cognitions in the Effectiveness of a School-Based Prevention Program on Smoking Incidence.
abstract: "Eigenständig werden 5+6" (Becoming independent 5+6) is a German school-based smoking prevention program that draws on social competence and social influence approaches. It was investigated whether the program's effect on smoking onset is mediated by substance-specific skills and cognitions such as knowledge, attitudes/risk perception, normative expectations, resistance skills, and refusal self-efficacy. Multiple mediation analyses revealed a statistically significant total indirect effect that accounted for 30.8% of the total effect. When considered separately, significant indirect effects could be found for normative expectations concerning peer smoking and the resistance skill of saying 'no'. Between these two mediators, the percentage of total effect mediated varied between 9.8% and 10.3%. Results of the current study emphasize the importance of substance-specific skills and cognitions in the effectiveness of school-based programs combining social competence and social influence curricula in preventing adolescent smoking onset.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord), Kiel, Germany maruska@ift-nord.de.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruska
authors.affiliation: Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord), Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord), Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanewinkel
authors.affiliation: Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord), Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Isensee
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention / Q000458:organization & administration*; D066262:Social Norms
keywords: adolescent smoking onset; mediating mechanisms; mediation analysis; school-based substance use prevention; social competence curricula; social influence curricula