title: Psychotic and schizotypal symptoms in non-psychotic patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research is scarce with regard to the role of psychotic and schizotypal symptoms in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of the current study was to investigate the occurrence and specificity of psychotic and schizotypal symptoms among non-psychotic OCD patients, and to examine whether such symptoms was associated with response to exposure and response prevention (ERP), and whether ERP for OCD had an impact on psychotic and schizotypal symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-psychotic OCD patients (n = 133) and a general non-psychotic psychiatric outpatient sample (n = 110) were assessed using self-report inventories before and after psychological treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-psychotic OCD patients did not report greater degree of psychotic or schizotypal symptoms than the control group. Psychotic and schizotypal symptoms were not associated with OCD symptoms before or after ERP. Psychotic and schizotypal symptom were significantly reduced following ERP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychotic and schizotypal symptoms seem to be equally prevalent among non-psychotic OCD patients and non-psychotic psychiatric controls. These symptoms were more linked to depressive symptoms than OCD symptoms. In non-psychotic OCD patients, ERP seems sufficient in reducing OCD symptoms despite the presence of psychotic- and schizotypal symptoms, and reductions in psychotic- and schizotypal symptoms were observed following ERP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. stian.solem@svt.ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Stian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solem
authors.affiliation: Divison of Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Kristen.Hagen@helse-mr.no.
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. c.wenaas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Christoffer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wenaas
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Mental Health, Psychiatry and Addiction Treatment, Sørlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway. aashild.haaland@sshf.no.
authors.forename: Åshild T
authors.initials: ÅT
authors.lastname: Håland
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Mental Health, Psychiatry and Addiction Treatment, Sørlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway. gunvor.launes@sshf.no.
authors.forename: Gunvor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Launes
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. patrickv@svt.ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Department of psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. angstsenteret@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. himlej@med.umich.edu.|School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. himlej@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Himle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007171:Implosive Therapy; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D057566:Self Report; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D055815:Young Adult