title: [Prevalence and implicated risk factors associated with the exteriorization of cardiac pacemakers: 5 year follow-up].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection is the most common complication related to permanent pacemaker implantation. The objetive of this study is to establish the prevalence and determine the frequency of risk factors associated with exteriorization of cardiac pacemakers at the Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology at the UMAE Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret" Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive cross-sectional study from September 2005 to September 2010, where, for the analysis of the risk factors we selected cases and controls by age, sex and the diagnosis of Diabetes, or not. Was calculated measures of central tendency (mean, median and mode) and chi-squared, Fisher exact test and exact odds ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3192 cardiac pacemakers were implanted, identifying 83 exteriorization cases, where 46 of them were selected for cases and controls, and the mean age was 71 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our prevalence of exteriorization of cardiac pacemakers is 2.6 %, these results are similar to previously published studies. None of the risk factors described are present as a cause in our population. The surgical technique used may be an important risk factor, so further studies analysing all techniques are needed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Electrofisiología Cardiaca, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Distrito Federal. mylton@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argüello-Hurtado
authors.forename: Milton Ernesto
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Guevara-Valdivia
authors.forename: Zulema Lisbeth
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Aranda-Ayala
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Lara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Artificial pacemaker; Infection