title: [Implementation of a robot for the preparation of antineoplastic drugs in the Pharmacy Service].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the implementation of a robot for the preparation of antineoplastic drugs in the Pharmacy Service and to be able to analyze the added value to pharmacotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The implementation was carried out in June 2012 at a tertiary level Hospital, taking place in two periods: 1- test period with the installation of the robot, with technical configuration of the equipment and validation of 29 active ingredients and the integration of electronic prescribing software with the robot application (9 months). 2- Usage period (22 months). On the other hand, training was given to pharmacists and nurses. The robot uses image recognition, barcode identification and gravimetric controls for proper operation. These checks provide information about the error ratio in the preparation, with a margin of ± 10%, which after a pilot study was restricted to a range of ±4%. The robot was programmed to recognize bags, infusion pumps, syringes and vials. The added value was assessed for 31 months by identifying preparation's errors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11,865 preparations were made by the robot, which meant approximately 40% of all antineoplastic prepared from 29 different active ingredients. 1.12% (n=133) of the errors were identified by the robot and therefore didn't reach the patient (negative desviation - 4%). These errors were corrected manually.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implementation of a robot in the preparation of antineoplastic drugs allows to identify errors therefore preventing them to arrive to the patient. This promotes safety and quality of the process, reducing the exposure to cytotoxic drugs from the manipulator.
authors.affiliation: Facultativo Adjunto Especialista del Área de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid.. pazpacheco@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: María de la Paz
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Pacheco Ramos
authors.affiliation: Facultativo Adjunto Especialista del Área de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid.. ainhoaarenazap@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ainhoa Elisa
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Arenaza Peña
authors.affiliation: Facultativo Adjunto Especialista del Área de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid.. asantiagop@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santiago Pérez
authors.affiliation: Residente de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid.. cristina.bilbao@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bilbao Gómez-Martino
authors.affiliation: Facultativo Adjunto Especialista del Área de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid.. mariadolores.zamora@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Zamora Barrios
authors.affiliation: Jefe de Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid. España.. marialourdes.arias@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: María Lourdes
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Arias Fernández
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D001331:Automation; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D010595:Pharmacists; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012371:Robotics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents