title: Differential expression of immunologic proteins in gingiva after socket preservation in mini pigs.
abstract: During healing following tooth extraction, inflammation and the immune response within the extraction socket are related to bone resorption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify how the alloplastic material used for socket preservation affects the immune responses and osteoclastic activity within extraction sockets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a porcine model, we extracted teeth and grafted biphasic calcium phosphate into the extraction sockets. We then performed a peptide analysis with samples of gingival tissue from adjacent to the sockets and compared the extraction only (EO) and extraction with socket preservation (SP) groups. We also used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the expression level of immunoglobulins, chemokines and other factors related to osteoclastogenesis. Differences between the groups were analyzed for statistical significance using paired t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of IgM, IgG and IGL expression were higher in the EO group than in the SP group 1 week post-extraction, as were the levels of CCL3, CCL5, CXCL2, IFN-γ and TNF-α expression (p < 0.05). In addition, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) was also significantly upregulated in the EO group (p < 0.05), as were IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the beneficial effect of socket preservation can be explained by suppression of immune responses and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seunggon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013997:Time Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016207:Cytokines; D007136:Immunoglobulins