title: GLU298ASP and 4G/5G Polymorphisms and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and in the plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) genes have been implicated in stroke pathogenesis but results are still controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the possible contribution of Glu298Asp in the eNOS and 4G/5G in the PAI-1polymorphisms with ischemic stroke in a young Mexican population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-control study, conducted between January 2006 and June 2010, 204 patients ≤45 years of age with ischemic stroke and 204 controls matched by age and gender, were recruited. The Glu298Asp and 4G/5G polymorphisms were determined in all participants by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in the Glu298Asp genotype distribution (P=0.001) and allele frequency between the two groups (P=0.001). The 4G/5G genotype distribution (P=0.40) and the allele frequency was similar between groups; (P=0.13). There were independent factors for ischemic stroke: Asp carriage (GluAsp+AspAsp) (P=0.02); smoking (P=0.01); hypertension (P=0.03), and familial history of atherothrombotic disease (P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Asp allele from the Gu298Asp gene represents an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in a young Mexican population. In contrast, the 4G/5G was not associated with an increased risk for this disease in the same group of patients, as previously has been demonstrated in other populations.
authors.affiliation: 1Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis,Hemostasia y Aterogénesis.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Esparza-García
authors.affiliation: 1Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis,Hemostasia y Aterogénesis.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santiago-Germán
authors.affiliation: 1Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis,Hemostasia y Aterogénesis.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guadalupe Valades-Mejía
authors.affiliation: 1Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis,Hemostasia y Aterogénesis.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Juárez
authors.affiliation: 1Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis,Hemostasia y Aterogénesis.
authors.forename: Eberth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Sosa
authors.affiliation: 3Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva,UMAE HGO 4. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social,México,DF,México.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leaños-Miranda
authors.affiliation: 1Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis,Hemostasia y Aterogénesis.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Moreno
authors.affiliation: 1Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis,Hemostasia y Aterogénesis.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majluf-Cruz
authors.affiliation: 1Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis,Hemostasia y Aterogénesis.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Isordia-Salas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
keywords: Endothelial dysfunction; eNOS; genetic risk; ischemic stroke; plasminogen activator inhibitor