title: Lutein, Trolox, ascorbic acid and combination of Trolox with ascorbic acid can improve boar semen quality during cryopreservation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to pour quality of cryopreserved boar semen, artificial innsemination with frozen-thawed semen is quite limited. Developing protocols of boar semen cryopreservation represents a priority but also a challange.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of lutein, Trolox, ascorbic acid, and certain combinations of Trolox with ascorbic acid on boar semen cryopreservation procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antioxidants were added to lactose-egg yolk extender, containing a final concentration of 3% glycerol and 0.5% Equex-STM. Semen of six boars was cryopreserved using straw-freezing procedure. After cryopreservation semen was thawed and evaluated for motility, normal apical ridge (NAR), hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) and DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed better motility after thawing at the concentration of 10 μM lutein, 200 μM Trolox, 200 μM ascorbic acid and 400-200 μM Trolox and ascorbic acid. The supplementation on boar freezing extender with 10 μM lutein increased post-thawed motility, NAR and HOST values (P < 0.01), and decrease DFI (P < 0.05) in comparison with control group. Similar results were obtained using 400-200 μM Trolox and ascorbic acid, with better results in the case of DFI (P < 0.01). In comparison with the control group, a concentration of 200 μM Trolox and 200 μM ascorbic acid provided significant differences (P < 0.01) of motility and NAR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of sperm characteristics showed that lutein and the mix between Trolox and ascorbic acid used in boar semen cryopreservation can improve the quality of spermatozoa.
authors.forename: Florin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Varo-Ghiuru
authors.forename: Ileana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miclea
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hettig
authors.forename: Ioan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ladoşi
authors.forename: Vasile
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Miclea
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Egerszegi
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zăhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014975:Lutein / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002839:Chromans; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid; D014975:Lutein