title: Iatrogenic-related transplant injuries: the role of the interventional radiologist.
abstract: As advances in surgical techniques and postoperative care continue to improve outcomes, the use of solid organ transplants as a treatment for end-stage organ disease is increasing. With the growing population of transplant patients, there is an increasing need for radiologic diagnosis and minimally invasive procedures for the management of posttransplant complications. Typical complications may be vascular or nonvascular. Vascular complications include arterial stenosis, graft thrombosis, and development of fistulae. Common nonvascular complications consist of leaks, abscess formation, and stricture development. The use of interventional radiology in the management of these problems has led to better graft survival and lower patient morbidity and mortality. An understanding of surgical techniques, postoperative anatomy, radiologic findings, and management options for complications is critical for proficient management of complex transplant cases. This article reviews these factors for kidney, liver, pancreas, islet cell, lung, and small bowel transplants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Copelan
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Baljendra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Hahn Vu
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Nghiem
authors.affiliation: Section of Interventional Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.affiliation: Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio ; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erly
authors.affiliation: Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: angioplasty; complications; interventional radiology; organ transplantation; percutaneous