title: The learning of action sequences through social transmission.
abstract: Previous empirical work on animal social learning has found that many species lack the ability to learn entire action sequences solely through reliance on social information. Conversely, acquiring action sequences through asocial learning can be difficult due to the large number of potential sequences arising from even a small number of base actions. In spite of this, several studies report that some primates use action sequences in the wild. We investigate how social information can be integrated with asocial learning to facilitate the learning of action sequences. We formalize this problem by examining how learners using temporal difference learning, a widely applicable model of reinforcement learning, can combine social cues with their own experiences to acquire action sequences. The learning problem is modeled as a Markov decision process. The learning of nettle processing by mountain gorillas serves as a focal example. Through simulations, we find that the social facilitation of component actions can combine with individual learning to facilitate the acquisition of action sequences. Our analysis illustrates that how even simple forms of social learning, combined with asocial learning, generate substantially faster learning of action sequences compared to asocial processes alone, and that the benefits of social information increase with the length of the action sequence and the number of base actions.
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Harold Mitchel Building, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cownden
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003463:Cues; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000523:psychology*; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D008390:Markov Chains; D008960:Models, Psychological; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D013997:Time Factors