title: Transfer of care and offload delay: continued resistance or integrative thinking?
abstract: The disciplines of paramedicine and emergency medicine have evolved synchronously over the past four decades, linked by emergency physicians with expertise in prehospital care. Ambulance offload delay (OD) is an inevitable consequence of emergency department overcrowding (EDOC) and compromises the care of the patient on the ambulance stretcher in the emergency department (ED), as well as paramedic emergency medical service response in the community. Efforts to define transfer of care from paramedics to ED staff with a view to reducing offload time have met with resistance from both sides with different agendas. These include the need to return paramedics to serve the community versus the lack of ED capacity to manage the patient. Innovative solutions to other system issues, such as rapid access to trauma teams, reducing door-to-needle time, and improving throughput in the ED to reduce EDOC, have been achieved by involving all stakeholders in an integrative thinking process. Only by addressing this issue in a similar integrative process will solutions to OD be realized.
authors.affiliation: *Public Health Ontario,Toronto,ON.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000552:Ambulances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: emergency department; offload delay; paramedic; transfer of care