title: Volatile organic compounds generated by cultures of bacteria and viruses associated with respiratory infections.
abstract: Respiratory infections (RI) can be viral or bacterial in origin. In either case, the invasion of the pathogen results in production and release of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The present study examines the VOCs released from cultures of five viruses (influenza A, influenza B, adenovirus, respiratory syncitial virus and parainfluenza 1 virus), three bacteria (Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and Legionella pneumophila) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated colonies. Our results demonstrate the involvement of inflammation-induced VOCs. Two significant VOCs were identified as associated with infectious bacterial activity, heptane and methylcyclohexane. These two VOCs have been linked in previous studies to oxidative stress effects. In order to distinguish between bacterial and viral positive cultures, we performed principal component analysis including peak identity (retention time) and VOC concentration (i.e. area under the peak) revealing 1-hexanol and 1-heptadecene to be good predictors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abd El Qader
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health, Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory of Viral Diagnostics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Yonat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shemer Avni
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory of Viral Diagnostics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Natali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Svobodin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.
authors.forename: Tsilia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lazarovitch
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Orli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.|Division of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeiri
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006536:Heptanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000821:virology; D014780:Viruses / Q000378:metabolism*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D006536:Heptanes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C521475:methylcyclohexane
keywords: biomarker; gas chromatography; mass spectroscopy; microbial culture; volatile organic compound (VOC)