title: Initial validation of a web-based self-administered neuropsychological test battery for older adults and seniors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computerized neuropsychological tests are effective in assessing different cognitive domains, but are often limited by the need of proprietary hardware and technical staff. Web-based tests can be more accessible and flexible. We aimed to investigate validity, effects of computer familiarity, education, and age, and the feasibility of a new web-based self-administered neuropsychological test battery (Memoro) in older adults and seniors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 62 (37 female) participants (mean age 60.7 years) completed the Memoro web-based neuropsychological test battery and a traditional battery composed of similar tests intended to measure the same cognitive constructs. Participants were assessed on computer familiarity and how they experienced the two batteries. To properly test the factor structure of Memoro, an additional factor analysis in 218 individuals from the HUNT population was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing Memoro to traditional tests, we observed good concurrent validity (r = .49-.63). The performance on the traditional and Memoro test battery was consistent, but differences in raw scores were observed with higher scores on verbal memory and lower in spatial memory in Memoro. Factor analysis indicated two factors: verbal and spatial memory. There were no correlations between test performance and computer familiarity after adjustment for age or age and education. Subjects reported that they preferred web-based testing as it allowed them to set their own pace, and they did not feel scrutinized by an administrator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Memoro showed good concurrent validity compared to neuropsychological tests measuring similar cognitive constructs. Based on the current results, Memoro appears to be a tool that can be used to assess cognitive function in older and senior adults. Further work is necessary to ascertain its validity and reliability.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neuroscience , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway.
authors.forename: Tor Ivar
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Elise Christina D
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Haferstrom
authors.forename: Jan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lehn
authors.forename: Asta Kristine
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Håberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003197:Computer Literacy; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Assessment; Computer; HUNT; Internet; Memory