title: Age-dependent variation in cytokines, chemokines, and biologic analytes rinsed from the surface of healthy human skin.
abstract: In the skin, aging is associated with overall epidermal thinning, decreased barrier function, and gradual deterioration of the epidermal immune response. However, the presence and role of cytokines, chemokines, and biologic analytes (CCBAs) in immunosenescence are not known. Here we identified age-related changes in skin properties and CCBAs from stratum corneum of healthy human subjects, providing a means to utilize CCBAs as benchmarks for aging skin health. Transepidermal water loss and a(*) (skin redness) decreased in an age-dependent manner, and were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Groups 2 (56.6 ± 4.6 years) and 3 (72.9 ± 3.0 years) vs. Group 1 (24.3 ± 2.8 years). In skin wash fluid, 48 CCBAs were detected; seven were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Groups 2 and 3: EGF, FGF-2, IFNα2, IL-1RA, HSA, keratin-6, and involucrin; cortisol was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Groups 2 and 3. Our results correspond with the pro-inflammatory shift that occurs with immunosenescence and also provides basis for understanding the inflammatory changes in normal aging skin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kinn
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Grant O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Holdren
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Brittney A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Westermeyer
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Mousa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abuissa
authors.affiliation: Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fairley
authors.affiliation: 1] Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA [2] Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brogden
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA [2] Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Brogden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001688:Biological Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines