title: Brain MRI findings in aspartylglucosaminuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify characteristic 3.0 T brain MRI findings in patients with aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU), a rare lysosomal storage disorder. Previous AGU patient material imaged at 1.0 and 1.5 T was also re-evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five brain MRI examinations from 20 AGU patients were included in the study. Thirteen patients underwent a prospective 3.0 T MRI (5 male, 8 female, aged 9-45 years). Twelve examinations from nine patients (4 male, 5 female, aged 8-33 years) previously imaged at 1.0 or 1.5 T were re-evaluated. Two patients were included in both the prospective and the retrospective groups. Visual analysis of the T1- and T2-weighted images was performed by two radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The previously reported signal intensity changes in T2-weighted images were visible at all field strengths, but they were more distinct at 3.0 T than at 1.0 or 1.5 T. These included signal intensity decrease in the thalami and especially in the pulvinar nuclei, periventricular signal intensity increase and juxtacortical high signal foci. Poor differentiation between gray and white matter was found in all patients. Some degree of cerebral and/or cerebellar atrophy and mild ventricular dilatation were found in nearly all patients. This study also disclosed various unspecific findings, including a higher than normal incidence of dilated perivascular spaces, arachnoid cysts, pineal cysts and mildly dilated cavum veli interpositi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed particular brain MRI findings in AGU, which can raise the suspicion of this rare disease in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 340, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: anna.tokola@hus.fi.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tokola
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Jorvi Hospital, P.O. Box 827, FI-00029 HUS, Finland. Electronic address: laura.aberg@fimnet.fi.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Åberg
authors.affiliation: HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 340, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: taina.autti@hus.fi.
authors.forename: Taina H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Autti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054880:Aspartylglucosaminuria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020649:Pulvinar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013788:Thalamus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aspartylglucosaminuria; Inborn errors of metabolism; Intellectual disability; Lysosomal storage disorder; Magnetic resonance imaging