title: Analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects of dipyrone, meloxicam or a dipyrone-meloxicam combination in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
abstract: The analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects of dipyrone, meloxicam or a dipyrone-meloxicam combination were compared in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. In a double-blinded, prospective, randomised design, 40 bitches premedicated with intramuscular pethidine (4 mg/kg) and anaesthetised with isoflurane received one of four intravenous treatments (n = 10 per group) before ovariohysterectomy: control (physiological saline), meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg), dipyrone (25 mg/kg) or dipyrone-meloxicam (25 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively). Glasgow composite measure pain scale (GCMPS) and mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) were assessed before anaesthesia and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h postoperatively. Rescue analgesia (0.5 mg/kg morphine) was administered intramuscularly if the GCMPS was ≥3. The GCMPS and MNT did not differ among groups. The frequency of rescue analgesia was significantly (P <0.05) lower in the dipyrone group (30%) than in controls (50%), but there were no significant differences from the control group in bitches treated with meloxicam (70%) or dipyrone-meloxicam (40%). There was a significant reduction in the total number of rescue treatments in the dypyrone (n = 5) and dipyrone-meloxicam (n = 5) groups when compared with the control (n = 17) and meloxicam (n = 19) groups. Meloxicam and dipyrone-meloxicam significantly reduced the percentage of animals exhibiting severe pain during MNT measurements (30% and 0%, respectively) compared with the control group (50%). Dipyrone produced superior analgesia (reduced morphine consumption), while meloxicam produced better antihyperalgesia (fewer episodes of severe pain) in contrast to controls. When used in tandem, the beneficial effects were combined.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Anestesiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Zanuzzo
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: fteixeira@fmvz.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Neto
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Anestesiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Anestesiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miriely S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vivian L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Thomazini
authors.affiliation: Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Paulo V M
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Steagall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004285:Dogs; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D000077239:Meloxicam; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D004177:Dipyrone; D000077239:Meloxicam
keywords: Anaesthesia; Analgesia; Canine; Dipyrone; Meloxicam; Pain