title: Who's calling for weight loss? A systematic review of mobile phone weight loss programs for adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent overweight and obesity are ongoing public health concerns, and innovative weight loss interventions are needed to reach this age group.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this systematic review was to assess and synthesize the literature on adolescent weight loss programs that utilize cell phones as an intervention component to reduce weight, as measured by body mass index or body mass index z-score.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature, consistent with PRISMA guidelines, was undertaken using 11 databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies of weight loss interventions published in peer-reviewed journals in English during the last 10 years were eligible for inclusion if they examined an adolescent population, used validated measures for pre- and post-test weight, identified weight loss as a primary or secondary outcome, and specified use of cell phones to deliver a component of the program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While within-group weight loss results were noted, no significant between-group differences were found across the majority of studies reviewed. Cell phone components were embedded within larger weight loss programs, making it difficult to determine their true effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cell phone use is ubiquitous and, as such, may offer an interesting addition or alternative to current weight loss programs, particularly for adolescents who are considered digital natives. Future research in this area should be systematic in design so that the true effect of the individual components (i.e., cell phones) can be detected.
authors.affiliation: C.A. Wickham and E.T. Carbone are with the Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wickham
authors.affiliation: C.A. Wickham and E.T. Carbone are with the Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. ecarbone@nutrition.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Elena T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Carbone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D040421:Cell Phone; D006801:Humans; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D015431:Weight Loss; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs / Q000379:methods*
keywords: adolescence; cell phone; weight loss