title: CIC inactivating mutations identify aggressive subset of 1p19q codeleted gliomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CIC gene is frequently mutated in oligodendroglial tumors with 1p19q codeletion. However, clinical and biological impact remain poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sequenced the CIC gene on 127 oligodendroglial tumors (109 with the 1p19q codeletion) and analyzed patients' outcome. We compared magnetic resonance imaging, transcriptomic profile, and CIC protein expression of CIC wild-type (WT) and mutant gliomas. We compared the level of expression of CIC target genes on Hs683-IDH1(R132H) cells transfected with lentivirus encoding mutant and WT CIC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 63 mutations affecting 60 of 127 patients, virtually all 1p19q codeleted and IDH mutated (59 of 60). In the 1p19q codeleted gliomas, CIC mutations were associated with a poorer outcome by uni- (p = 0.001) and multivariate analysis (p < 0.016). CIC mutation prognostic impact was validated on the TCGA cohort. CIC mutant grade II codeleted gliomas spontaneously grew faster than WTs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an enrichment of proliferative pathways and oligodendrocyte precursor cell gene expression profile in CIC mutant gliomas, with upregulation of normally CIC repressed genes ETV1, ETV4, ETV5, and CCND1. Various missense mutations resulted in CIC protein expression loss. Moreover, a truncating CIC mutation resulted in a defect of nuclear targeting of CIC protein to the nucleus in a human glioma cell line expressing IDH1(R132H) and overexpression of CCND1 and other new target genes of CIC, such as DUSP4 and SPRED1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIC mutations result in protein inactivation with upregulation of CIC target genes, activation of proliferative pathways, inhibition of differentiation, and poorer outcome in patients with a 1p19q codeleted glioma.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gleize
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Agusti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alentorn
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Léa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Connen de Kérillis
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labussière
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Aravidan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nadaradjane
authors.affiliation: Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Plateforme de Génotypage et Séquençage, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Emeline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mundwiller
authors.affiliation: Biochimie Métabolique, Université Paris Descartes et Inserm U1124, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ottolenghi
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangesius
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Onconeurothèque, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Amithys
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahimian
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Neurologique, Service de Neurologie B, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ducray
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Onconeurothèque, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R Escourolle, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R Escourolle, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Onconeurothèque, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C498610:CIC protein, human; D012097:Repressor Proteins