title: Early-life influences on obesity: from preconception to adolescence.
abstract: The double burden of under- and overnutrition profoundly affects human health globally. According to the World Health Organization, obesity and diabetes rates have almost doubled worldwide since 1980, and, in 2011, more than 40 million children under 5 years of age were overweight. Ecologic factors, parental genetics and fitness, and the intrauterine environment significantly influence the likelihood of offspring developing the dysmetabolic diathesis of obesity. This report examines the effects of these factors, including preconception, intrauterine and postnatal energy balance affecting programming of transgenerational transmission, and development of chronic diseases later in life-in particular, diabesity and its comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wahlqvist
authors.affiliation: C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Krawetz
authors.affiliation: Center of Community Resilience, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.|Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nico S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Maria Gloria
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dominguez-Bello
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Szymanski
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Shari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barkin
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yatkine
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Waterland
authors.affiliation: Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mennella
authors.affiliation: University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Nancy F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Bridget E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wardle
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Christiane D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wrann
authors.affiliation: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kral
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005518:Food Preferences; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D044343:Overnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: breast feeding; diabesity; econutritional; epigenetics; exercise; microbiome; nutrition; obesity; taste preferences