title: Relation of allium vegetables intake with head and neck cancers: evidence from the INHANCE consortium.
abstract: METHODS
  Only a few studies analyzed the role of allium vegetables with reference to head and neck cancers (HNC), with mixed results. We investigated the potential favorable role of garlic and onion within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed pooled individual-level data from eight case-control studies, including 4590 cases and 7082 controls. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between garlic and onion intakes and HNC risk. Compared with no or low garlic use, the ORs of HNC were 0.95 (95% CI 0.71-1.27) for intermediate and 0.74 (95% CI 0.55-0.99) for high garlic use (p for trend = 0.02). The ORs of HNC for increasing categories of onion intake were 0.91 (95% CI 0.68-1.21) for >1 to ≤3 portions per week, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.60-1.13) for >3 portions per week (p for trend = 0.02), as compared to <1 portion per week. We found an inverse association between high onion intake and laryngeal cancer risk (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.54-0.88), but no significant association for other subsites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this pooled-analysis support a possible moderate inverse association between garlic and onion intake and HNC risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galeone
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turati
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Zuo-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guercio
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavani
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Regional Authority of Public Health in BanskaBystrica, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fabianova
authors.affiliation: The M. Skasodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jola
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lissowska
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mates
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rudnai
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Oxana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shangina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Neonila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Szeszenia-Dabrowska
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McClean
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Heath, NYU School Of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Purdue
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosetti
authors.affiliation: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany.|German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pelucchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Yuan-Chin Amy
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashibe
authors.affiliation: The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
mesh_terms: D000490:Allium; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: Allium vegetables; Diet; Garlic; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Onion