title: Adiposity as a cause of cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiposity, as indicated by body mass index (BMI), has been associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases in epidemiological studies. We aimed to investigate if these associations are causal, using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  The associations of BMI with cardiovascular outcomes [coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and ischaemic stroke], and associations of a genetic score (32 BMI single nucleotide polymorphisms) with BMI and cardiovascular outcomes were examined in up to 22,193 individuals with 3062 incident cardiovascular events from nine prospective follow-up studies within the ENGAGE consortium. We used random-effects meta-analysis in an MR framework to provide causal estimates of the effect of adiposity on cardiovascular outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a strong association between BMI and incident CHD (HR = 1.20 per SD-increase of BMI, 95% CI, 1.12-1.28, P = 1.9.10(-7)), heart failure (HR = 1.47, 95% CI, 1.35-1.60, P = 9.10(-19)) and ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.06-1.24, P = 0.0008) in observational analyses. The genetic score was robustly associated with BMI (β = 0.030 SD-increase of BMI per additional allele, 95% CI, 0.028-0.033, P = 3.10(-107)). Analyses indicated a causal effect of adiposity on development of heart failure (HR = 1.93 per SD-increase of BMI, 95% CI, 1.12-3.30, P = 0.017) and ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.05-3.20, P = 0.034). Additional cross-sectional analyses using both ENGAGE and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D data showed a causal effect of adiposity on CHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using MR methods, we provide support for the hypothesis that adiposity causes CHD, heart failure and, previously not demonstrated, ischaemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hägg
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Tove
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fall
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ploner
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Reedik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mägi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Harmen H M
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Draisma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Mart
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kals
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dehghan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Antti-Pekka
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kristiansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Marja-Liisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nuotio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Aki S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Havulinna
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Renée F A G
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Bruijn
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: M Arfan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ikram
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Maris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuningas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Bruno H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Oscar H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Beben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benyamin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gieger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Alistair S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Huikari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jula
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Järvelin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaakinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaprio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobl
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mangino
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Aarno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palotie
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Nilesh J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Samani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Tim D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Whitfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: André G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Uitterlinden
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Veikko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salomaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Ann-Christine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Syvänen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuulasmaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Patrik K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Tõnu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Esko
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Eco J C
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: de Geus
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Vilmantas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giedraitis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perola
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Alun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrières
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Jarmo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virtamo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: David-Alexandre
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tregouet
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arveiler
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amouyel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gianfagna
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Samuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ripatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Duijn
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Metspalu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prokopenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Mark I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ingelsson
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057182:Mendelian Randomization Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Mendelian randomization; body mass index; epidemiology