title: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging of Fracture Healing in the Normal Mouse.
abstract: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIRI) was used to study bone healing with spatial analysis of various callus tissues in wild type mice. Femoral fractures were produced in 28 male C57BL mice by osteotomy. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks to obtain callus tissue at well-defined healing stages. Following microcomputerized tomography, bone samples were cut in consecutive sections for FTIRI and histology, allowing for spatial correlation of both imaging methods in different callus areas (early calcified cartilage, woven bone, areas of intramembranous and endochondral bone formation). Based on FTIRI, mineral/matrix ratio increased significantly during the first 4 weeks of fracture healing in all callus areas and correlated with bone mineral density measured by micro-CT. Carbonate/phosphate ratio was elevated in newly formed calcified tissue and at week 2 attained values comparable to cortical bone. Collagen maturity and mineral crystallinity increased during weeks 1-8 in most tissues while acid phosphate substitution decreased. Temporal and callus area dependent changes were detected throughout the healing period. These data assert the usefulness of FTIRI for evaluation of fracture healing in the mouse and its potential to evaluate pathologic fracture healing and the effects of therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA ; Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gollwitzer
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Lyudmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spevak
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Lyudmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lukashova
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Allina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nocon
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.affiliation: Temple University College of Engineering, 1947 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pleshko
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Hayden William
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Courtland
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Mathias P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bostrom
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Adele L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Boskey