title: Adrenal incidentalomas: a disease of modern technology offering opportunities for improved patient care.
abstract: Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are found in approximately 4% of patients undergoing abdominal imaging, with peak prevalence in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Detection of AI warrants clinical, biochemical, and radiological evaluation to establish its secretory status and risk of malignancy. Careful review of the lipid content, size, and imaging phenotype of an adrenal mass is needed to evaluate the risk for malignancy. Identification of an AI may be an opportunity to identify an underlying secretory tumor that may have been otherwise unrecognized. A practical approach to investigation and follow-up of AIs is presented in this article.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 B Clifton Road, Northeast, B6209, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Adriana G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ioachimescu
authors.affiliation: Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A21, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Erick M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Remer
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Electronic address: hamraha@clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae.
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hamrahian
mesh_terms: D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018246:Adrenocortical Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018268:Adrenocortical Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008676:Metanephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D018209:Myelolipoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone; D008676:Metanephrine; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Adrenal incidentaloma; Noncontrast CT attenuation; Percentage washout; Pheochromocytoma; Tumor size