title: The effect of executive function on stress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: The experience of cognitive deficits and emotional dysfunction are prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), although research examining their interaction has provided inconsistent findings. The current study examined the ability of executive function to predict psychosocial adjustment in PwMS. One hundred and seven PwMS underwent cognitive assessment and completed measures of stress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL). There was limited support for a relationship. There was no relationship between objective cognitive tasks and state or trait anxiety, mental health QoL, overall QoL, or stress frequency. The only relationship with depression was found when the Beck Depression Inventory Fast-Screen was used, with a task of planning when the timing element was removed. A measure of error rates on a task of cognitive flexibility predicted physical health QoL, and severity, but not frequency, of stress was predicted by a task of working memory. The results of this study highlight the need for further research into the relationship between cognitive deficits and psychosocial adjustment because of the conflicting findings between studies and call for a common measurement framework for future investigation.
authors.affiliation: a Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Grech
authors.forename: Litza A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kiropoulos
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paine
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hester
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D001364:Awareness; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D014706:Verbal Learning
keywords: Anxiety; Cognition; Depression; Multiple sclerosis; Quality of life; Stress