title: Reliability and concurrent validity of the Microsoft Xbox One Kinect for assessment of standing balance and postural control.
abstract: The Microsoft Kinect V2 for Windows, also known as the Xbox One Kinect, includes new and potentially far improved depth and image sensors which may increase its accuracy for assessing postural control and balance. The aim of this study was to assess the concurrent validity and reliability of kinematic data recorded using a marker-based three dimensional motion analysis (3DMA) system and the Kinect V2 during a variety of static and dynamic balance assessments. Thirty healthy adults performed two sessions, separated by one week, consisting of static standing balance tests under different visual (eyes open vs. closed) and supportive (single limb vs. double limb) conditions, and dynamic balance tests consisting of forward and lateral reach and an assessment of limits of stability. Marker coordinate and joint angle data were concurrently recorded using the Kinect V2 skeletal tracking algorithm and the 3DMA system. Task-specific outcome measures from each system on Day 1 and 2 were compared. Concurrent validity of trunk angle data during the dynamic tasks and anterior-posterior range and path length in the static balance tasks was excellent (Pearson's r>0.75). In contrast, concurrent validity for medial-lateral range and path length was poor to modest for all trials except single leg eyes closed balance. Within device test-retest reliability was variable; however, the results were generally comparable between devices. In conclusion, the Kinect V2 has the potential to be used as a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of some aspects of balance performance.
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: ross.clark@acu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ross A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Yong-Hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Pua
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Cristino C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Kelly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shamala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thilarajah
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebekah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGaw
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Ksaniel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasanki
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Benjamin F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Mentiplay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Balance; Functional reach; Kinect; Kinect V2; XBox One Kinect