title: Comorbid alcohol dependence disorder may be related to aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) in bipolar II disorder, but only to ALDH2 in bipolar I disorder, in Han Chinese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A high prevalence rate of bipolar disorder (BP) comorbid with alcohol dependence (AD) (BP+AD) in Western patients with BP has been reported, but whether this is true for Han Chinese with BP is uncertain. We explored the prevalence of BP+AD in a Han Chinese population with BP, and investigated the effect of alcohol-metabolizing genotypes on bipolar I disorder (BP-I) + AD and bipolar II disorder (BP-II) + AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy controls (HCs) (n = 672) and 18- to 65-year-old patients with BP (BP-I: n = 530; BP-II: n = 788) were recruited. Patients with any other major or minor mental illnesses, neurological disorders, or organic mental disorders were excluded. A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine genotypes for alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), two alcohol-metabolizing enzymes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AD comorbidity rates were 11.7% with BP-I and 17.1% with BP-II. Significantly fewer patients with BP not comorbid with AD (BP-AD) carried the AHD1B*1 allele than did the HCs. Logistic regression analysis showed a main effect of ALDH2*1/*1 only in the BP-I-AD group. In BP+AD patients, logistic regression analysis showed main effects of ALDH2*1/*1 and ADH1B*1/*1 only in the BP-II+AD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Having BP-II+AD may be related to ALDH2 and ADH1B, but having BP-I+AD may be related only to ALDH2. We conclude that ALDH2 and ADH1B have different effects in Han Chinese patients with BP-I+AD and BP-II+AD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veteran's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Yun
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shiou-Lan
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nian-Sheng
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Tzeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.|Addiction Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po See
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.|Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I Hui
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kao Chin
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: San-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.|Addiction Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.|Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen Kuang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.|Addiction Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.|Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.|Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ru-Band
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial
keywords: ADH1B*2; ALDH2; Han Chinese; alcohol dependence; bipolar disorder; comorbidity