title: Closed reduction and immobilization of displaced distal radial fractures. Method of choice for the treatment of children?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The therapy of distal radial fractures in children is expected to be as non-invasive as possible but also needs to deliver the definite care for gaining optimal reduction and stabilizing the fracture. Therefore, closed reduction and immobilization is competing with routine Kirschner wire fixation. The aim of our study was to investigate if closed reduction and immobilization without osteosynthesis can ensure stabilization of the fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  We chose a retrospective study design and analyzed 393 displaced distal radial fractures in children from 1 to 18 years with open epiphyseal plates studying medical files and X-rays. The Pearson's χ (2) test was applied. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Statistical significance was set at an alpha level of P = 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these studied fractures 263 cases were treated with closed reduction and immobilization. Only 38 of these needed secondary interventions, 28 of these underwent reduction after redisplacement and ten patients received secondary Kirschner wire fixation. The last follow-up examination after 4-6 weeks revealed that 96.4% of fractures initially treated with closed reduction and immobilization were measured within the limits of remodeling. 104 of the studied fractures were treated with cast immobilization alone when displacement was expected to correct due to remodeling. Here 22.1% of patients needed secondary reduction. Furthermore, primary Kirschner wire fixation was performed in only 25 children with unstable fractures and only one received further treatment. Interestingly, operative reports of primary closed reduction revealed that repeated maneuvers of reduction as well as residual displacement are risk factors for redisplacement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the treatment of displaced distal radial fractures in children closed reduction and immobilization can be considered the method of choice. However, for cases with repeated reduction maneuvers or residual displacement we recommend primary Kirschner wire fixation to avoid redisplacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective comparative study, Level III.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany, daniellewendling@gmx.net.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wendling-Keim
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wieser
authors.forename: H-G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Dietz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001864:Bone Wires; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000379:methods; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment