title: Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in a 46,XY Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Patient on Hormone Therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hormonal management of patients with androgen insensitivity can be challenging.
  
  
  METHODS
  An illustrative case is presented of a newborn with ambiguous genitalia who was raised female. She was diagnosed as 46,XY Disorder of Sexual Development with partial androgen insensitivity. To induce puberty, conjugated equine estrogens were administered beginning at age 12. At age 13, she instead began taking combined oral contraceptives for maternal concerns about height and continued taking them for social reasons. Invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed at age 27, and the patient was treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bilateral mastectomies, and endocrine therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current literature is reviewed, and hormonal management and other risks for breast cancer are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Holly R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hoefgen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Electronic address: merritd@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Diane F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Merritt
mesh_terms: D013734:Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male
keywords: 46,XY disorders of sexual development; Androgen insensitivity syndrome; Breast Neoplasms