title: Enhancement of osteoblastogenesis and suppression of osteoclastogenesis by inhibition of de-phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha.
abstract: The phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) is activated in response to various stresses such as viral infection, nutrient deprivation, and stress to the endoplasmic reticulum. Severe stress to the endoplasmic reticulum, for instance, induces an apoptotic pathway, while mild stress, on the contrary, leads to a pro-survival pathway. Little has been known about the elaborate role of eIF2α phosphorylation in the development of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Using salubrinal and guanabenz as inhibitors of the de-phosphorylation of eIF2α, we have recently reported that the phosphorylation of eIF2α significantly alters fates of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Based on our recent findings, we review in this research highlight the potential mechanisms of the enhancement of osteoblastogenesis and the suppression of osteoclastogenesis through the elevated level of phosphorylated eIF2α.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokota
keywords: Guanabenz; Salubrinal; eIF2α; osteoclast; principal component analysis