title: A comparative study of ascending urethrogram and sono-urethrogram in the evaluation of stricture urethra.
abstract: To compare the efficacy of sono-urethrogram and ascending urethrogram in the evaluation of stricture urethra.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study 40 patients with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and suspected to be having stricture urethra were subjected to ascending urethrogram and sonourethrogram. The radiologist was blinded to the findings of ascending urethrogram. All the sonourethrograms were done by the same radiologist. The findings of sonourethrogram & ascending urethrogram were compared with the findings of cystoscopy and intra-operative findings. The specificity, sensitivity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of each modality in the diagnosis of various urethral anomalies were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sonourethrogram identified stricture disease in all the patients who had abnormal ascending urethrogram. In addition, other abnormalities like spongiofibrosis, diverticula and stones which were not picked up in ascending urethrogram were diagnosed by sonourethrogram. The cystoscopic and intra-operative findings with respect to stricture length, diameter and spongiofibrosis correlated well with sono-urethrogram findings. 5 patients who had stricture in the ascending urethrogram were found to be having the normal urethra in sonourethrogram and confirmed by cystoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sonourethrogram is an effective alternative to ascending urethrogram in the evaluation of stricture urethra. It is more sensitive in the diagnosis of anterior urethral strictures than posterior urethral strictures. It is superior to ascending urethrogram in the identification of spongiofibrosis, diameter and length of the stricture. The complications were lower in sonourethrogram group compared to ascending urethrogram.
authors.affiliation: JSS Medical college and hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ravikumar
authors.affiliation: JSS Medical college and hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Chiranjeevi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tejus
authors.affiliation: JSS Medical college and hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Madappa
authors.affiliation: JSS Medical college and hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Dharakh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prashant
authors.affiliation: JSS Medical college and hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Dhayanand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003558:Cystoscopy; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods