title: Effects of vardenafil on the kidney of Wistar rats submitted to acute ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of vardenafil in kidney of rats submitted to acute ischemia and reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight rats were randomly distributed into two groups. Right nephrectomy was performed and the vardenafil group received vardenafil solution (at a concentration of 1 mg/ml in 10 mg/kg) while the control group received 0.9% saline solution (SS) one hour prior to the ligature of the left renal pedicle. After one hour of ischemia, animals were submitted to twenty-four hours of reperfusion, followed by left nephrectomy. The kidney's histological parameters evaluated on the study included vacuolar degeneration and tubular necrosis. Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3 using the point-counting and digital methods (Cytophotometry). Also, a biochemical analysis for creatinine was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant differences between groups only with regards to the vacuolar degeneration parameter and to the cleaved caspase-3 digital method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vardenafil showed a protective effect on the kidney of rats subjected to acute ischemia and reperfusion in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mogi das Cruzes University, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Chavasco de
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Augusto
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moreira Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera Luíza
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Capelozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Muxfeldt
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ab'Saber
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Olavo Ribeiro
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007511:Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013450:Sulfones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D013450:Sulfones; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D053148:Caspase 3