title: Perinatal low-protein diet alters brainstem antioxidant metabolism in adult offspring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies in humans and animal models have established a close relationship between early environment insult and subsequent risk of development of non-communicable diseases, including the cardiovascular. Whereas experimental evidences highlight the early undernutrition and the late cardiovascular disease relation, the central mechanisms linking the two remain unknown. Owing to the oxidative balance influence in several pathologies, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal undernutrition (i.e. a low-protein (LP) diet) on oxidative balance in the brainstem.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male rats from mothers fed with an LP diet (8% casein) throughout the perinatal period (i.e. gestation and lactation) showed 10× higher lipid peroxidation levels than animals treated with normoprotein (17% casein) at 100 days of age. In addition, we observed the following reductions in enzymatic activities: superoxide dismutase, 16%; catalase, 30%; glutathione peroxidase, 34%; glutathione-S-transferase, 51%; glutathione reductase, 23%; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 31%; and in non-enzymatic glutathione system, 46%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to focus on the role of maternal LP nutrition in oxidative balance in a central nervous system structure responsible for cardiovascular control in adult rats. Our data observed changes in oxidative balance in the offspring, therefore, bring a new concept related to early undernutrition and can help in the development of a new clinical strategy to combat the effects of nutritional insult. Wherein the central oxidative imbalance is a feasible mechanism underlying the hypertension risk in adulthood triggered by maternal LP diet.
authors.affiliation: a Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program , Federal University of Pernambuco , Vitória de Santo Antão 50670-901 , Brazil.|b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680 , Brazil.
authors.forename: Diorginis Soares
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680 , Brazil.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680 , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Pinheiro
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: a Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program , Federal University of Pernambuco , Vitória de Santo Antão 50670-901 , Brazil.|b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680 , Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Jacques
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lagranha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant; Brainstem; Glutathione system; Oxidative stress; Protein undernutrition