title: Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome: Onset and Progression of Atherosclerosis.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) should be considered a clinical entity when its different symptoms share a common etiology: obesity/insulin resistance as a result of a multi-organ dysfunction. The main interest in treating MetS as a clinical entity is that the addition of its components drastically increases the risk of atherosclerosis. In MetS, the adipose tissue plays a central role along with an unbalanced gut microbiome, which has become relevant in recent years. Once visceral adipose tissue (VAT) increases, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction follow as additive risk factors. However, when the nonalcoholic fatty liver is present, risk of a cardiovascular event is highly augmented. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) seems to increase simultaneously with the VAT. In this context, the former may play a more important role in the development of the atherosclerotic plaque than the latter. Hence, EAT may act as a paracrine tissue vis-à-vis the coronary arteries favoring the local inflammation and the atheroma calcification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luna-Luna
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina-Urrutia
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico; Study Group of Atherosclerosis, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vargas-Alarcón
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coss-Rovirosa
authors.affiliation: Echocardiography, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico; Study Group of Atherosclerosis, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vargas-Barrón
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico; Study Group of Atherosclerosis, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address: opmendez@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Óscar
authors.initials: Ó
authors.lastname: Pérez-Méndez
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D064307:Microbiota; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Dyslipidemias; Inflammation; Microbiota; Nonalcoholic fatty liver; Osteopontin; Osteoprotegerin