title: Footedness Is Associated With ADHD Symptoms in the Adult General Population.
abstract: Mixed-handedness among children has recently been proposed as a marker of neurodevelopmental disorder and ADHD. This study expanded this initial evidence to the questions of whether mixed-handedness as well as mixed-footedness are similarly associated with ADHD among adults.
  
  
  
  Self-reported ADHD symptoms, handedness, footedness, and current depression and anxiety were assessed in a large, heterogeneous general population sample ( N = 2,592). Latent variable analysis was used to investigate the structure and measurement properties of ADHD symptoms, the dimensionality of footedness, and the classification of lateral preferences.
  
  
  
  Mixed-footedness was associated with probable ADHD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76 [1.07, 2.89], p = .026). Left- and mixed-footedness were associated with higher inattention and impulsivity scores.
  
  
  
  Developmental continuities of the associations of mixed lateral preferences with ADHD from child to adult age seem to exist. In particular, mixed-footedness, rather than mixed-handedness, appears to be an ADHD marker among adults.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ulrich S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voracek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D057566:Self Report
keywords: adult ADHD; footedness; general population; handedness; latent variable analysis