title: Maternal PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with infant's neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand activated transcription factors with crucial functions in lipid homeostasis, glucose metabolism, anti-inflammatory processes, placental development, and are involved in cognitive functions and neurodegenerative diseases. Polymorphisms in PPAR genes are shown to influence the activity of these receptors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  1) To examine the association of PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism in pregnant women and their offspring on infant's neurodevelopmental outcomes during the first 18 months of life; 2) to determine the influence of Pro12Ala polymorphism on fatty acid concentrations in plasma phospholipids and placental tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  138 mother-infant pairs from the PREOBE observational study were genotyped for PPARG Pro12Ala. Plasma phospholipids and placental fatty acid concentrations were measured at delivery. Infants' neuropsychological assessment at 6 and 18 months of age was performed using Bayley III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of Pro12Ala on infant's neurodevelopmental outcomes was detected at 18 months, but not at 6 months of age. 18 months old infants born to mothers with wild-type Pro12 genotype had better cognitive (OR=5.11, 95% CI: 1.379-18.96, p=0.015), language (OR=3.41, 95% CI: 1.35-11.24, p=0.044), and motor development scores (OR=4.77, 95% CI: 1.243-18.33, p=0.023) than the Ala allele carriers. Pro12Ala variants did not seem to affect fatty acids concentrations in blood nor in placenta at delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants born to mothers with Pro12 genotype have better neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age than Ala allele carriers, indicating a long-term transplacental action of PPARγ variants on foetal brain development.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Torres-Espínola
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Signe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altmäe
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jerez
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anjos
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chisaguano
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carmen López-Sabater
authors.affiliation: Lorgen G.P., S.L. BIC Granada, PTS, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Entrala
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agil
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Florido
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.affiliation: Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Personality, Neuropsychology and Behaviour, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-García
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: ccampoy@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campoy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002657:Child Development; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000235:genetics; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma
keywords: Early programming; Neurodevelopment; PPARG polymorphism; PPARγ