title: Treating Urban Wastewater: Nutrient Removal by Using Immobilized Green Algae in Batch Cultures.
abstract: Essential roles of microalgae during the tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater have been proven. In order to avoid wash out of the biomass and also modify the quality of the treated wastewater; some techniques such as cell immobilization have been developed. To do so, in this study four samples from two species of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas sp.) were determined and confirmed by taxonomic identification. The samples were immobilized in calcium alginate beads. Within 10 days the amounts of nitrate (No3(-)-N) and orthophosphate (Po4(3-)-P) were measured to calculate the removal efficacy for each individual sample. Based on the standard methods, the amount of nitrate and orthophosphate were determined every 3 days within 10 days. The results indicate that immobilized microalgae are able to remove the nutrients and reduce the amount of nitrate and orthophosphate, significantly. Furthermore, the C. vulgaris (YG02) was the best species in this experience with 72% and 99% of reduction in the amount of nitrate and orthophosphate, respectively.
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Saeedeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaker
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Atefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemati
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.|b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Montazeri-Najafabady
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.|b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.|c Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences , Fasa , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mobasher
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Morowvat
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.|b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Younes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002696:Chlamydomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D002708:Chlorella / Q000378:metabolism*; D002947:Cities; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D010710:Phosphates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Chlamydomonas sp; Chlorella vulgaris; immobilization; nutrient removal; phytoremediation; wastewater treatment