title: Strangles in horses can be caused by vaccination with Pinnacle I. N.
abstract: The differentiation of live attenuated vaccine strains from their progenitor and wild-type counterparts is important for ongoing surveillance of product safety and improved guidelines on their use. We utilised a genome sequencing approach to confirm that two cases of strangles in previously healthy horses that had received the Pinnacle I. N. vaccine (Zoetis) were caused by the vaccine strain. Our data shed new light on the safety of this vaccine and suggest that factors beyond the maturity of the animal's immune system influence the development of adverse reactions.
authors.affiliation: School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cursons
authors.affiliation: School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Patty
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Steward
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, United Kingdom. Electronic address: andrew.waller@aht.org.uk.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Waller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004340:Drug Contamination; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006736:Horses; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D018502:Streptococcus equi; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Adverse effects; Pinnacle; Reversion; Strangles; Vaccine