title: Epidemiology and clinical features of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in Nagasaki, Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent reports indicate that the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial-lung disease (NTM-LD) is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of NTM-LD patients in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan to identify the negative prognostic factors for NTM-LD in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients newly diagnosed with NTM-LD in eleven hospitals in Nagasaki prefecture between January 2001 and February 2010 were reviewed. Data regarding the annual population of each region and the incidence of all forms of tuberculosis were collected to assess geographic variations in NTM-LD incidence, isolates, and radiological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total 975 patients were diagnosed with NTM-LD. The incidence increased over the study period and reached 11.0 and 10.1 per 100,000 population in 2008 and 2009, respectively. M. intracellulare was the most common pathogen in the southern region, and M. avium most common in other regions. The most common radiographic pattern was the nodular-bronchiectatic pattern. Age >60 years, body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, underlying lung disease, and cavitary pattern were the negative prognostic factors at the 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of NTM-LD has been increasing in Nagasaki prefecture. The isolates and radiographic features of patients vary markedly by region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Izumikawa Hospital, Minami-Shimabara, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.affiliation: Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Nagasaki Goto Central Hospital, Goto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.affiliation: Hokusho Central Hospital, Sasebo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.affiliation: Nagasaki Municipal Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Futsuki
authors.affiliation: Isahaya Health Insurance General Hospital, Isahaya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Isahaya Hospital, Isahaya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoyasu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.affiliation: Nagasaki Municipal Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011859:Radiography; D012737:Sex Factors