title: Effects of partial silencing of genes coding for enzymes involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle on the enterance of human fibroblasts to the S phase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously published reports indicated that some enzymes of the central carbon metabolism (CCM), particularly those involved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, may contribute to regulation of DNA replication. However, vast majority of such works was performed with the use of cancer cells, in the light of carcinogenesis. On the other hand, recent experiments conducted on bacterial models provided evidence for the direct genetic link between CCM and DNA replication. Therefore, we asked if silencing of genes coding for glycolytic and/or Krebs cycle enzymes may affect the control of DNA replication in normal human fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Particular genes coding for these enzymes were partially silenced with specific siRNAs. Such cells remained viable. We found that silencing of certain genes resulted in either less efficient or delayed enterance to the S phase. This concerned following genes: HK2, PFKM, TPI, GAPDH, ENO1, LDHA, CS1, ACO2, SUCLG2, SDHA, FH and MDH2. Decreased levels of expression of HK2, GADPH, CS1, ACO2, FH and MDH2 caused also a substantial impairment in DNA synthesis efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented results illustrate the complexity of the influence of genes coding for enzymes of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle on the control of DNA replication in human fibroblasts, and indicate which of them are especially important in this process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland. a.konieczna@biol.ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konieczna
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland. aneta.szczepanska@biol.ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczepańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland. karolina.sawiuk@biol.ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawiuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland. grzegorz.wegrzyn@biol.ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Węgrzyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland. robert.lyzen@biol.ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Łyżeń
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000235:genetics*; D004261:DNA Replication; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering