title: Self-efficacy in foot-care and effect of training: a single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic and non-communicable disorders worldwide and the mortality rates caused by the complications associated with the disease, such as diabetic foot ulcer, is increasing dramatically. Patient education is considered as an essential part of controlling DM. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of individual and group training methods on self-efficacy in foot care among the patients with DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial, we enrolled 150 patients with type 1 and 2 DM. The final participants were randomly assigned into two intervention groups (collective and individual training group) and a control group. Data were collected using foot-care self-efficacy questionnaire (Corrbet, 2003). A research assistant collected the data by interviewing the participants using the questionnaire once before and once one month after the intervention. The participants of the intervention groups attended a training program consisting of three sessions per week for one week. Statistical descriptive tests such as mean and standard deviation (SD) percentage were used to describe the features of the data inferential statistics test such as Chi-square, independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis co-variance (ANOVA, ANCOVA) tests were also used as appropriate. The significance level was set at <0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the three groups regarding the mean of self-efficacy scores before foot-care training intervention (P=0.39). But, comparison of the scores before and after the intervention showed that both group and individual training interventions increased the patients' self-efficacy (P≤0/05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that both group and individual training approaches could increase foot care self-efficacy in the patients with DM.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  IRCT201203086918N6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Alehe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seyyedrasooli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Kobra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parvan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Azad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zare
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Tayyebeh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izadi
keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Foot; Education; Group Training