title: Ozone production efficiency of a ship-plume: ITCT 2K2 case study.
abstract: Ozone production efficiency (OPE) of ship plume was first evaluated in this study, based on ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model simulations and the ship-plume composition data measured during the ITCT 2K2 (Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002) aircraft campaign. The averaged instantaneous OPEs (OPE(i)‾) estimated via the ship-plume photochemical/dynamic modeling for the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume ranged between 4.61 and 18.92, showing that the values vary with the extent of chemical evolution (or chemical stage) of the ship plume and the stability classes of the marine boundary layer (MBL). Together with OPE(i)‾, the equivalent OPEs (OPE(e)‾) for the entire ITCT 2K2 ship-plume were also estimated. The OPE(e)‾ values varied between 9.73 (for the stable MBL) and 12.73 (for the moderately stable MBL), which agreed well with the OPE(e)‾ of 12.85 estimated based on the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume observations. It was also found that both the model-simulated and observation-based OPE(e)‾ inside the ship-plume were 0.29-0.38 times smaller than the OPE(e)‾ calculated/measured outside the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume. Such low OPEs insides the ship plume were due to the high levels of NO and non-liner ship-plume photochemistry. Possible implications of this ship-plume OPE study in the global chemistry-transport modeling are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of Earth, Astronomy, and Atmosphere, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jhoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chsong@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chul H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000401:Aircraft; D002140:California; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods; D012767:Ships
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D010126:Ozone
keywords: ITCT 2K2 campaign; Ozone production efficiency; Ozone titration; Photochemical/dynamic model; Ship-plume; e-folding NO(x) lifetime