title: A randomised double blind clinical trial to compare surgical field bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery with clonidine-based or remifentanil-based hypotensive anaesthesia.
abstract: Significant bleeding during functional endoscopic naso-sinusal surgery (FESS) impairs recognition of anatomical references and may negatively affect surgical outcome. Anaesthesia including clonidine as an adjuntive hypotensive agent may reduce intraoperative bleeding.
  
  
  
  A randomised comparison of clonidine-based vs remifentanil-based hypotensive anaesthetic regimen was conducted in patients undergoing FESS. The main assessment was the proportion of subjects with Boezaart scores of surgical field bleeding, as blindly assessed from video recordings by a third surgeon not involved in patient care.
  
  
  
  A total of 47 subjects underwent FESS and were randomised to clonidine or remifentanil. A significantly lower proportion of patients in the clonidine arm had blindly-assessed Boezaart scores higher than 2, with significantly lower mean blind Boezaart scores at 60 minutes and at 120 minutes. Similar findings were reported by the operating surgeon, and when Wormald and VAS scores were used. Objective estimates of bleeding and the duration of surgery and anaesthesia did not differ between groups.
  
  
  
  The use of clonidine- based controlled hypotensive anaesthesia achieves lower surgical field bleeding during FESS.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardesin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosell
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Escamilla
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernal-Sprekelsen
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077208:Remifentanil; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D003000:Clonidine; D000077208:Remifentanil