title: High School Football Players' Knowledge and Attitudes About Concussions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess high school (HS) football players' knowledge of concussions and to determine whether increased knowledge is correlated with better attitudes toward reporting concussion symptoms and abstaining from play.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two survey tools were used to assess athletes' knowledge and attitudes about concussions. Surveys collected information about demographics, knowledge about concussions, and attitudes about playing sports after a concussion. All athletes present completed one of the 2 surveys. A knowledge and attitude score for each survey was calculated. Frequencies and mean values were used to characterize the population; regression analysis, analysis of variance, and t tests were used to look for associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A football camp for HS athletes in the Cincinnati area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male HS football players from competitive football programs in the Cincinnati area.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scores on knowledge and attitude sections; responses to individual questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty (100%) athletes were enrolled although not every athlete responded to every question. Thirty (25%) reported history of a concussion; 82 (70%) reported receiving prior concussion education. More than 75% correctly recognized all concussion symptoms that were asked, except "feeling in a fog" [n = 63 (53%)]. One hundred nine (92%) recognized a risk of serious injury if they return to play too quickly. Sixty-four (54%) athletes would report symptoms of a concussion to their coach; 62 (53%) would continue to play with a headache from an injury. There was no association between knowledge score and attitude score (P = 0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite having knowledge about the symptoms and danger of concussions, many HS football athletes in our sample did not have a positive attitude toward reporting symptoms or abstaining from play after a concussion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians should be aware that young athletes may not report concussion symptoms.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; †Comprehensive Children's Injury Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and ‡Physicians Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Brit L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gittelman
authors.forename: Jessica K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: RoseAnn L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cyriac
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Pomerantz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001924:Brain Concussion; D005538:Football; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male