title: Brown Adipose Tissue and Browning Agents: Irisin and FGF21 in the Development of Obesity in Children and Adolescents.
abstract: In the pediatric population, especially in early infancy, the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the highest. Further in life BAT is more active in individuals with a lower body mass index and one can expect that BAT is protective against childhood obesity. The development of BAT throughout the whole life can be regulated by genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. Three distinct adipose depots have been identified: white, brown, and beige adipocytes. The process by which BAT can become beige is still unclear and is an area of intensive research. The "browning agents" increase energy expenditure through the production of heat. Numerous factors known as "browning agents" have currently been described. In humans, recent studies justify a notion of a role of novel myokines: irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the metabolism and development of obesity. This review describes a possible role of irisin and FGF21 in the pathogenesis of obesity in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 24 Marszalkowska St., 00-576, Warsaw, Poland, beata.pyrzak@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pyrżak
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demkow
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kucharska
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D002648:Child; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D022722:Thermogenesis; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
chemical_list: C577593:FNDC5 protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; C414620:fibroblast growth factor 21; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors