title: Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of Chinese patients with genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is rarely reported in China. This retrospective analysis aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes of genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a sample of Chinese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basic demographic and clinical data of 29 patients, who were diagnosed with genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma between January 2000 and December 2011, were retrieved and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In these patients, 25 were males and 4 were females with a median age of 12 years. Paratesticule was the most common lesion site, followed by the prostate, bladder, and vagina. The median tumor size was 5.80 cm. Six patients had clinically positive regional nodes. At the initial diagnosis, patients had a metastatic disease. According to the TNM staging classification for the IRS-IV, phase I lesions were detected in ten cases, phase II lesions in six cases, phase III lesions in four cases, and phase IV lesions in nine cases. The median survival of all patients was 63 (range from 6 to 118) months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for these patients were 93%, 83%, and 52%, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that staging and anemia were significant predictors of prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that metastasis predicts a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy played an important role in comprehensive treatment. Palliative and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy could increase median survival time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. xiaokzhang9@163.com.|Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. xiaokzhang9@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-kai
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. forest22949@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. daweicao@163.com.
authors.forename: Bang-wei
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. jwwang@csco.org.cn.
authors.forename: Jin-wan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. forest22939@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Jun-ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. hsunyk@126.com.
authors.forename: Yong-kun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. wenwen0605@163.com.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. lyang@sina.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. zhouap1825@126.com.
authors.forename: Ai-ping
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. yihebalichi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi-he Bali
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. yexiong@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ye-xiong
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. majianhui@csco.org.cn.
authors.forename: Jian-hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. changllss@163.com.
authors.forename: Chang-ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult