title: Soluble CD40L Is a Useful Marker to Predict Future Strokes in Patients With Minor Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevated soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) was shown to be related to cardiovascular events, but the role of sCD40L in predicting recurrent stroke remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline sCD40L levels were measured in 3044 consecutive patients with acute minor stroke and transient ischemic attack, who had previously been enrolled in the Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) trial. Cox proportional-hazards model was used to assess the association of sCD40L with recurrent stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the top tertile of sCD40L levels had increased risk of recurrent stroke comparing with those in the bottom tertile, after adjusted for conventional confounding factors (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.00; P=0.008). The patients with elevated levels of both sCD40L and high-sensitive C-reactive protein also had increased risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.68; P=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated sCD40L levels independently predict recurrent stroke in patients with minor stroke and transient ischemic attack.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00979589.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.L., Yilong Wang, J.L., A.W., X.Z., L.L., C.W., Yongjun Wang); China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); and Illinois Neurological, Institute Stroke Network, Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis Healthcare System, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria (D.W.).
authors.forename: Jiejie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.L., Yilong Wang, J.L., A.W., X.Z., L.L., C.W., Yongjun Wang); China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); and Illinois Neurological, Institute Stroke Network, Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis Healthcare System, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria (D.W.).
authors.forename: Yilong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.L., Yilong Wang, J.L., A.W., X.Z., L.L., C.W., Yongjun Wang); China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); and Illinois Neurological, Institute Stroke Network, Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis Healthcare System, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria (D.W.).
authors.forename: Jinxi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.L., Yilong Wang, J.L., A.W., X.Z., L.L., C.W., Yongjun Wang); China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); and Illinois Neurological, Institute Stroke Network, Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis Healthcare System, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria (D.W.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.L., Yilong Wang, J.L., A.W., X.Z., L.L., C.W., Yongjun Wang); China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); and Illinois Neurological, Institute Stroke Network, Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis Healthcare System, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria (D.W.).
authors.forename: Anxin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.L., Yilong Wang, J.L., A.W., X.Z., L.L., C.W., Yongjun Wang); China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); and Illinois Neurological, Institute Stroke Network, Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis Healthcare System, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria (D.W.).
authors.forename: Xingquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.L., Yilong Wang, J.L., A.W., X.Z., L.L., C.W., Yongjun Wang); China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); and Illinois Neurological, Institute Stroke Network, Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis Healthcare System, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria (D.W.).
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.L., Yilong Wang, J.L., A.W., X.Z., L.L., C.W., Yongjun Wang); China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); and Illinois Neurological, Institute Stroke Network, Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis Healthcare System, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria (D.W.).
authors.forename: Chunxue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.L., Yilong Wang, J.L., A.W., X.Z., L.L., C.W., Yongjun Wang); China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang); and Illinois Neurological, Institute Stroke Network, Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis Healthcare System, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria (D.W.). yongjunwang1962@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D023201:CD40 Ligand
keywords: CD40 ligand; ischemic attack, transient; prognosis; stroke