title: Canine parvoviruses in New Zealand form a monophyletic group distinct from the viruses circulating in other parts of the world.
abstract: Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a well-recognized cause of acute haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs worldwide. The aim of the current study was to identify which CPV-2 subtypes circulate among dogs in New Zealand, and to investigate the evolutionary patterns of contemporary CPV-2 viruses. Faecal samples were collected from 79 dogs with suspected CPV-2 infection over the period of 13 months, and tested for the presence of CPV-2 DNA by PCR. Of 70 positive samples, 69 were subtyped as CPV-2a and one as CPV-2. A majority of CPV-2 positive samples were collected from unvaccinated or not-fully vaccinated puppies ≤6 months of age. The haplotype network produced from New Zealand CPV-2 sequences showed no structure when assessed based on location, vaccination status or age of the animals sampled. International haplotype network indicated that, unlike CPV-2 from other countries, the population of CPV-2 in New Zealand appeared to be monophyletic.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Current affiliation: Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry of Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ohneiser
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Hills
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cave
authors.affiliation: MSD Animal Health, Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Passmore
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Electronic address: M.Dunowska@massey.ac.nz.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunowska
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D004751:Enteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017993:Parvovirus, Canine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
keywords: CPV-2; CPV-2 evolution; Canine parvovirus; Canine vaccination; Haplotype network; Molecular typing; PCR; Parvovirus enteritis