title: Somatostatin Derivate (smsDX) Attenuates the TAM-Stimulated Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Prostate Cancer via NF-κB Regulation.
abstract: Tumor development and progression are influenced by macrophages of the surrounding microenvironment. To investigate the influences of an inflammatory tumor microenvironment on the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer, the present study used a co-culture model of prostate cancer (PCa) cells with tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-conditioned medium (MCM). MCM promoted PCa cell (LNCaP, DU145 and PC-3) growth, and a xenograft model in nude mice consistently demonstrated that MCM could promote tumor growth. MCM also stimulated migration and invasion in vitro. Somatostatin derivate (smsDX) significantly attenuated the TAM-stimulated proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NF-κB was over-expressed in PCa and BPH with chronic inflammatory tissue specimens and was positively correlated with macrophage infiltration. Further investigation into the underlying mechanism revealed that NF-κB played an important role in macrophage infiltration. SmsDX inhibited the paracrine loop between TAM and PCa cells and may represent a potential therapeutic agent for PCa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zunlin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Zhaoxu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016328:NF-kappa B; D013004:Somatostatin; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule