title: Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: The determination of complex analytes, present at low concentrations, in biological fluids poses a difficult challenge. This study relies on an optimized method of recovery, enzymatic treatment, and disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to rapidly determine low concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in human urine. The approach utilizes multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of glycosaminoglycan disaccharides obtained from treating urine samples with recombinant heparin lyases and chondroitin lyase. This rapid and sensitive method allows the analysis of glycosaminoglycan content and disaccharide composition in urine samples having concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those typically analyzed from patients with metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis. The current method facilitates the analysis low (ng/mL) levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans present in healthy individuals and in patients with pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancers, that can subtly alter glycosaminoglycan content and composition.
authors.affiliation: ⊥National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: ¶Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, United States.
authors.forename: Lingyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Katherine H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Overdier
authors.forename: Lee Anne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ammons
authors.forename: Ivor S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Clay Cothren
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Burlew
authors.forename: Fuming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: ○Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States.
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: ⊥National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors.forename: Lianli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Linhardt
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D003404:Creatinine