title: Fresh water fish, Channa punctatus, as a model for pendimethalin genotoxicity testing: A new approach toward aquatic environmental contaminants.
abstract: Pendimethalin (PND) is one of the common herbicides used worldwide. Fresh water fish, Channa punctatus, was exposed to PND in aquaria wherein its LC50 value was recorded to be 3.6 mg/L. Three sublethal (SL) concentrations, namely, 0.9, 1.8, and 2.7 mg/L were selected for the evaluation of genotoxicity and oxidative stress generated in the fish. In vivo comet assay was carried out in the blood, liver, and gill cells after exposing the fish to aforesaid SL concentrations of PND for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The results of the comet assay demonstrated the genotoxicity of PND in all the three tissues. Induction of oxidative stress in the gill cells was affirmed by the increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Frequencies of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) and micronuclei (MN) were also used to assess the genotoxic potential of PND on C. punctatus. MN frequency did not show any enhancement after PND exposure, but the frequency of ENA such as kidney-shaped nuclei, segmented nuclei and lobed nuclei, showed a significant increase after 24-96 h. Thus, ENA seems to be a better biomarker than MN for PND induced genotoxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1520-1529, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
authors.forename: Irshad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India. masoodamua@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004249:DNA Damage; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010473:Perciformes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C030856:pendimethalin
keywords: comet assay; erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities; genotoxicity; oxidative stress; pendimethalin