title: Holocaust Survivors' Memories of Past Trauma and the Functions of Reminiscence.
abstract: Existing research suggests that specific ways of recalling autobiographical memories of one's past cluster in self-positive, self-negative, and prosocial reminiscence functions. We undertook the present qualitative study to gain understanding of reminiscence functions as described by 269 Israeli Holocaust survivors and to see whether groupings of themes that emerged would correspond to our tripartite model of the reminiscence functions.
  
  
  
  Participants (M = 80.4 years; SD = 6.87) were asked to describe memories that typify a reminiscence function in which they frequently or very frequently engage. Thematic analyses were conducted in English (translated) and Hebrew.
  
  
  
  Responses reflect the range of ways in which Holocaust survivors reminisce. The task of describing early life memories was difficult for some participants, while others' lived experiences enabled them to teach others to ensure that their collective memory remains in the consciousness of the next generation of Israelis and the Jewish state. Data are imbued with examples of horror, resilience, generativity, and gratitude.
  
  
  
  As hypothesized, survivors' memories cluster in self-positive, self-negative, and prosocial groupings consistent with the tripartite model of reminiscence functions.
authors.affiliation: IRMACS Centre, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada. ORourke@sfu.ca.
authors.forename: Norm
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.affiliation: IRMACS Centre, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canham
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wertman
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chaudhury
authors.affiliation: Center for Multidisciplinary Research in Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carmel
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva Israel.
authors.forename: Yaacov G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Bachner
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon Israel.
authors.forename: Hagit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peres
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017767:Holocaust / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Autobiographical memory; Holocaust survivors; Life review; Qualitative analyses; Reminiscence functions