title: A large multicenter study analysis of adverse events associated with single operator cholangiopancreatoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholangiopancreatoscopy (CP) is an endoscopic technique that allows for direct visualization of the biliary and pancreatic ducts using a narrow caliber endoscope that passes through the working channel of a duodenoscope directly into the bile and/or pancreatic ducts. Little data is available on the safety of CP. We performed a multicenter retrospective study to evaluate the frequency and severity of adverse events with single operator CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter retrospective study was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 282 single operator peroral CP procedures were performed in 224 patients (128 M, 96 F). Most procedures involved the performance of therapeutic maneuvers, with most cases including multiple therapeutic maneuvers. Cholangioscopic or pancreatoscopic-assisted tissue sampling was performed in 222 procedures. Thirty-seven patients underwent electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) for the treatment of common bile duct stones. Adverse events in patients undergoing single cholangioscopy and pancreatoscopy included post-ERCP pancreatitis (N.=11, 3.9%, all mild), post-ERCP cholangitis (N.=4, 1.4%), bleeding (N.=3, 1%), and perforation (N.=2, 0.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, our data shows that ERCP performed with single operator cholangioscopy or pancreatoscopy is safe with adverse events similar to that seen in large studies of ERCP performed without these additional techniques. Of note, vigorous irrigation of the bile ducts was not associated with increased rates of post-procedure cholangitis in our study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA - ali.siddiqui@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milliken
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loren
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Laique
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000209:etiology; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult