title: The impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on muscle function among HIV-infected children and young adults: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that daily vitD3 supplementation increases neuromuscular motor skills, jump power, jump energy, muscular force, and muscular strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of 12-months of oral 7,000 IU/day vitD3 supplementation or placebo among 56 persons living with HIV aged 9-25 years. Neuromuscular motor skills were quantified using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Power was quantified using peak jump power, and energy was quantified using peak jump height. Muscular force was quantified using isometric ankle plantar- and dorsiflexion, isokinetic knee flexion and extension. Muscular strength was quantified using isometric handgrip strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12-months, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was higher with supplementation versus placebo (β=12.1 ng/mL; P<0.001). In intention-to-treat analyses, supplementation improved neuromuscular motor skills versus placebo (β=1.14; P=0.041). We observed no effect of supplementation on jump power, jump energy, muscular force, or muscular strength outcomes versus placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among HIV-infected children and young adults supplementation with daily high-dose vitD3 increased concentration of serum 25(OH)D and improved neuromuscular motor skills versus placebo.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Schall
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.|Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rutstein
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Zemel
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.|Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stallings
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D002762:Cholecalciferol