title: Antibiotic resistance to Propionobacterium acnes: worldwide scenario, diagnosis and management.
abstract: Antibiotic resistance in cutaneous Propionobacterium is a global problem. As a general rule, resistance levels are high to macrolides, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin, while tetracyclines and levofloxacin have low resistance potential. Newer preparations like doxycycline MR and doxycycline 20 mg are subantimicrobial and may not lead to resistance. Sampling techniques are crucial to determine resistance. Genomic evaluation using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing can be useful in diagnosing mutations and mapping phylotypes of Propionobacterium acnes. Resistance may lead to slow response and relapses. Apart from benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, topical dapsone, oral zinc and retinoids, novel molecules with little resistance potential include octadecenedioic acid, phytosphingosine, lauric acid, retapamulin, resveratrol, T-3912 and NB-003. The use of oral retinoids and non-antibiotics like zinc can prevent resistance and help reduce the dependence on antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kabir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sardana
authors.forename: Tanvi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Sneha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghunawat
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019468:Disease Management; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014943:Global Health / Q000639:trends; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: 16S RNA PCR; BPO; NB-003; T-3912; acne; azelaic acid; biofilms; clindamycin; lauric acid; levofloxacin; macrolides; resistance; resveratrol; retapamulin