title: Antimicrobial Activities of the Combined Use of Cuminum Cyminum L. Essential Oil, Nisin and Storage Temperature Against Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus In Vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Foodborne diseases are considered as major health problems in different countries. Concerns over the safety of some chemical preservatives and negative consumer reactions to them have prompted interest in natural alternatives for the maintenance or extension of food shelf life. In this respect, the combination of a plant essential oil and nisin has used for controlling the growth of foodborne pathogens as natural food preservative using the mathematical model.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil (0, 15, 30 and 45 µL/100 mL) and nisin (0, 0.5 and 1.5 µg/mL) combination at different temperatures (10, 25 and 35°C) on growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in the Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) broth model. The concentrations of 0 µL/100 mL for essential oil and 0 µg/mL for nisin imply the negative control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multivariate variance experiment was performed. To assess the effect of essential oil, nisin and the incubation temperature on growth probability (log P%) of S. typhimurium and S. aureus, four concentrations of C. cyminum L. essential oil (0, 15, 30 and 45 µL/100 mL), three concentrations of nisin (0, 0.5 and 1.5 µg/mL) and three storage temperatures (10, 25 and 35°C) were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growth of S. typhimurium was significantly decreased by the concentration of essential oil ≥ 30 µL/100 mL in combination with nisin ≥ 0.5 µg/mL at temperature = 10°C (P < 0.05). Also, in combination of the essential oil ≥ 15 µL/100 mL and nisin ≥ 0.5 µg/mL at temperature ≤ 25°C, the growth of S. aureus was significantly reduced (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the combination of essential oil and nisin inhibits the growth of S. typhimurium and S. aureus bacteria and there is the possibility of using them as substitutes for chemical food preservatives. Moreover, the model (log P%) in this study can be a good tool for the reduction of microbiological hazards in food industry.
authors.affiliation: Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mashak
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Bizhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Sodagari
keywords: Antimicrobial Activity, Essential Oil; Nisin; Salmonella typhimurium; Staphylococcus aureus