title: In situ field application of electrokinetic remediation for an As-, Cu-, and Pb-contaminated rice paddy site using parallel electrode configuration.
abstract: The applicability of an in situ electrokinetic process with a parallel electrode configuration was evaluated to treat an As-, Cu-, and Pb-contaminated paddy rice field in full scale (width, 17 m; length, 12.2 m; depth, 1.6 m). A constant voltage of 100 V was supplied and electrodes were spaced 2 m apart. Most As, Cu, and Pb were bound to Fe oxide and the major clay minerals in the test site were kaolinite and muscovite. The electrokinetic system removed 48.7, 48.9, and 54.5 % of As, Cu, and Pb, respectively, from the soil during 24 weeks. The removal of metals in the first layer (0-0.4 m) was higher than that in the other three layers because it was not influenced by groundwater fluctuation. Fractionation analysis showed that As and Pb bound to amorphous Fe and Al oxides decreased mainly, and energy consumption was 1.2 kWh/m(3). The standard deviation of metal concentration in the soil was much higher compared to the hexagonal electrode configuration because of a smaller electrical active area; however, the electrode configuration removed similar amounts of metals compared to the hexagonal system. From these results, it was concluded that the electrokinetic process could be effective at remediating As-, Cu-, and Pb-contaminated paddy rice field in situ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ki
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Ri
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea. kbaek@jbnu.ac.kr.|Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea. kbaek@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kitae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004566:Electrodes; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Electrokinetic remediation; Energy consumption; Field application; Paddy rice field