title: Myeloid derived suppressor cells in chronic myeloid leukemia.
abstract: The suppression of the immune system creates a permissive environment for development and progression of cancer. One population of immunosuppressive cells that have become the focus of intense study is myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), immature myeloid cells able to induce immune-escape, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. Two different subpopulations have been identified and studied: granulocytic and monocytic MDSCs, with a different immunophenotype and immunosuppressive properties. Recently, an accumulation of both Gr-MDSCs and Mo-MDSCs cells has been found in the peripheral blood of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. They are part of the tumor clone showing BCR/ABL expression. Imatinib therapy decreases both MDSCs and arginase 1 levels to normal ones. This review will focus on actual knowledge for human MDSCs and their immunosuppressive activity in CML patients, with a critical attention to comparison of Gr-MDSCs and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). We will then suggest the monitoring of MDSCs in patients who have discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy to evaluate if their increase could correlate with disease relapse.
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Cesarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giallongo
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Nunziatina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parrinello
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Violetta
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Brundo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania , Catania , Italy ; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore Antonino
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Raccuia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Michelino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Rosa
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Piera
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: La Cava
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tibullo
keywords: Gr-MDSCs; PMNs; chronic myeloid leukemia; myeloid derived suppressor cells