title: Comparison of scapular posterior tilting exercise alone and scapular posterior tilting exercise after pectoralis minor stretching on scapular alignment and scapular upward rotators activity in subjects with short pectoralis minor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare scapular posterior tilting exercise alone and scapular posterior tilting exercise after pectoralis minor (PM) stretching on the PM index (PMI), scapular anterior tilting index, scapular upward rotation angle, and scapular upward rotators' activity in subjects with a short PM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen subjects with a short PM participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PMI, scapular anterior tilting index, and scapular upward rotation angle were measured after scapular posterior tilting exercise alone and scapular posterior tilting exercise after PM stretches. Scapular upward rotators' activities were collected during scapular posterior tilting exercise alone and scapular posterior tilting exercise after PM stretches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PMI and scapular upward rotation angle, as well as the activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles, were significantly greater for scapular posterior tilting exercise after PM stretching and the scapular anterior tilting index was significantly lower for scapular posterior tilting exercise after PM stretching than the scapular posterior tilting exercise alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scapular posterior tilting exercise after PM stretching in subjects with a short PM could be an effective method of modifying scapular alignment and scapular upward rotator activity.
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Baekwoon-kwan, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Kangwon-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Baekwoon-kwan, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Kangwon-do, South Korea. Electronic address: cynn@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Heon-Seock
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, #17-2, Jayang-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Lim
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Baekwoon-kwan, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Kangwon-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sil-Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Baekwoon-kwan, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Kangwon-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Jeong
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, #17-2, Jayang-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Sam
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Applied Kinesiology and Ergonomic Technology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Baekwoon-kwan, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Kangwon-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises / Q000379:methods*; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012540:Scapula / Q000502:physiology*; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Pectoralis minor muscle; Scapular posterior tilting exercise; Scapular upward rotators; Stretching