title: [Diagnosis and treatment of prostatic malignant mesenchymal tumors: Analysis of 20 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of prostatic malignant mesenchymal tumors (PMMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data about 20 cases of PMMT and reviewed the literature relevant to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the results of pathology and immunohistochemistry, the 20 PMMT cases included leiomyosarcoma (n = 7), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 5), prostatic stromal sarcoma (n = 3), chondrosarcoma (n = 1), and undifferentiated PMMT (n = 4). Twelve of the patients were treated by radical prostatectomy (3 concurrently by sigmoid colostomy and 1 by cystostomy), 2 by pelvic tumor resection following arterial embolization, 1 by total pelvic exenteration, 1 by colostomy with pelvic lymph node biopsy, and 4 by conservative therapy because of metastasis to the lung, pelvis and bone. Of the 20 patients, 9 died of systemic metastasis within 3 months after treatment, 3 died at 6, 7, and 14 months, respectively, 3 survived with tumor for 5, 11, and 12 months, respectively, 2 survived without tumor for 12 and 24 months so far, all subjected to periodic chemotherapy postoperatively, and 3 lost to follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMMT is a tumor of high malignancy and rapid progression, for which transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy remains the main diagnostic method. The clinical stage of the tumor is an important factor influencing its prognosis and the survival rate of the patients can be improved by early diagnosis and combined therapy dominated by radical prostatectomy.
authors.forename: Ke-bing
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiang-yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jin-dan
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Shan-wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-Zhou
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Bai-hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Song-liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Li-ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008637:Mesenchymoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies