title: Slitlamp Photography and Videography With High Magnifications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the use of the slitlamp photography and videography with extremely high magnifications for visualizing structures of the anterior segment of the eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Canon 60D digital camera with Movie Crop Function was adapted into a Nikon FS-2 slitlamp to capture still images and video clips of the structures of the anterior segment of the eye. Images obtained using the slitlamp were tested for spatial resolution. The cornea of human eyes was imaged with the slitlamp, and the structures were compared with the pictures captured using the ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT). The central thickness of the corneal epithelium and total cornea was obtained using the slitlamp, and the results were compared with the thickness obtained using UHR-OCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-quality ocular images and higher spatial resolutions were obtained using the slitlamp with extremely high magnifications and Movie Crop Function, rather than the traditional slitlamp. The structures and characteristics of the cornea, such as the normal epithelium, abnormal epithelium of corneal intraepithelial neoplasia, laser in situ keratomileusis interface, and contact lenses, were clearly visualized using this device. These features were confirmed by comparing the obtained images with those acquired using UHR-OCT. Moreover, the tear film debris on the ocular surface and the corneal nerve in the anterior corneal stroma were also visualized. The thicknesses of the corneal epithelium and total cornea were similar to that measured using UHR-OCT (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that the slitlamp photography and videography with extremely high magnifications allow better visualization of the anterior segment structures of the eye, especially of the epithelium, when compared with the traditional slitlamp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology (J.Y., H.J., X.M., B.K., W.Y., C.L., H.R.C-C., V.L.P., J.W.), Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (J.Y.), State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University of Miami, Miami, FL; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry (X.M., W.Y.), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology (B.K.), Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (H.R.C-C.), University of Miami, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xinjie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Bilian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Che
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hector R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Cintrón-Colón
authors.forename: Victor L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods*; D066167:Slit Lamp; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*