title: Biochemical responses over time in common carp Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) during fed supplementation with α-lipoic acid.
abstract: The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of lipoic acid (LA) supplementation (439.84±6.71 mg LA/kg feed) on antioxidants responses throughout the time in intestine, liver and muscle of juvenile common carp Cyprinus carpio. Two experimental groups were fed during four weeks with a diet with or without LA. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, glutathione (GSH) content, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were evaluated in these organs. Also, a technique to measure protein disulfide bonds and sulfhydryl groups was optimized for intestine samples. GST activity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in intestine after two weeks of supplementation. GSH content was also significantly higher (p<0.05) in intestine, liver and muscle of fish fed with LA after two and three weeks, respectively. Total capacity antioxidant against peroxyl radicals was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the muscle of animals fed with LA after the fourth week. Concentration of disulfide bonds was higher in the intestine of fish fed with LA but this group also showed higher concentration of sulfhydryl groups (p<0.05). It is concluded that supplementation with LA is a safe strategy to induce antioxidant responses and improves the antioxidant status in different organs of common carp. Two week of supplementation are required to induce antioxidant responses in intestine and liver and three week for muscle.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, Caixa Postal. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, FURG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alain D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Enamorado
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, Caixa Postal. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, FURG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Atila C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, Caixa Postal. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, Caixa Postal. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, FURG, Brazil; Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Laboratório de Nutrição de Organismos Aquáticos (LANOA), FURG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Borges
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Tesser
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, Caixa Postal. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brazil; Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), FURG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergiane S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, Caixa Postal. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brazil; Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), FURG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ednei G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Primel
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, Caixa Postal. 474, CEP 96.200-970, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, FURG, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), FURG, Brazil. Electronic address: josemmonserrat@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: José Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Monserrat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant; Antioxidant capacity; Glutathione-S-transferase; Intestine; Reduced glutathione