title: Frequency and risk of metabolic syndrome in prediabetics versus normal glucose tolerant subjects -- a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the frequency and risk of metabolic syndrome in pre-diabetics against normal glucose-tolerant subjects attending diabetes screening camps in an urban centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study was carried out at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January to August, 2008, and comprised subjects recruited through diabetes screening camps. They were >30 years of age, without prior history of diabetes and were screened through fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical measurements were done. Frequency of different components and their constellation as metabolic syndrome were determined according to the Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria. Relative risk was estimated to find the risk of metabolic syndrome in pre-diabetics versus normal glucose-tolerant subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study sample comprised 80 subjects; 40(50%) normal glucose-tolerant in Group A and 40(50%) pre-diabetics in Group B. In Group A, there were 25(62.5%) men and 15(37.5%) women, while Group B had 22(55%) men and 18(45%) women. The mean age in Group A was 38.08±5.35 years, while in Group B it was 39.09±6.12 years. The frequency of various cardiovascular risk factors was higher in pre-diabetics (p< 0.05). Central obesity was the most prevalent risk factor (85%, CI: 75.74-96.06), followed by low levels of high density lipoprotein (82.5%, CI: 72.64-94.27), raised triglycerides (67.5%, CI: 55.35-82.01), hypertension (57.5%, CI: 44.68-72.82), and fasting plasma glucose >100mg/dl (42.5%, CI: 29.68-57.82). Metabolic syndrome was found in 23(57.5%) in Group B compared to 9(22.5%) Group B, according to Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria. Calculated relative risk indicated that Group B was 1.9 times more prone to be suffering from metabolic syndrome compared to Group A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-diabetics were more prone to developing cardiovascular disorders than normal glucose-tolerant subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Science, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Danish Haseen
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shah Nawaz
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jamali
authors.affiliation: Z.A Institute of Medical Technology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.affiliation: Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Saiful
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Z.A Institute of Medical Technology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rashida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qasim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Risk factors, Pre-diabetes.