title: Fundament and Prerequisites for the Application of an Antifungal TDM Service.
abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) involves the measurement of plasma or serum drug concentration to adapt dosages to achieve predefined target concentrations that are associated with optimal clinical response while minimizing the chance of encountering toxicity. Many papers in the field of antifungal drugs have focused on the evidence that supports the use of TDM thereby emphasizing the breakpoints or target concentrations in general literature. This review focuses on the process of TDM to inform health care workers on the fundaments and prerequisites that safeguard the good application of TDM. Knowledge on the complete process of TDM including pharmacokinetics (and relevant covariates), pharmacodynamic aspects, trials that are necessary to provide us with evidence, translation of knowledge to other populations and pathogens, and implications for the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases (the process of TDM) are discussed in relevant detail. For each individual step, recommendations are made for the readers. We believe this will be a valuable resource and to be of added value to the many papers that focus on relations between exposure and efficacy or toxicity. It will help to achieve greater benefit of TDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, 864, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands ; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roger J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brüggemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, 864, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands ; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Aarnoutse
keywords: Antifungal agents; Isavuconazole; Pharmacokinetics; Posaconazole; Therapeutic drug monitoring; Triazoles; Voriconazole