title: Gender differences influence overweight smokers' experimentation with electronic nicotine delivery systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overweight and obese tobacco users possess increased risk of cancer, diabetes, heart disease and chronic tobacco-related disease. Efforts to prevent tobacco-related health risk in this comorbid population would be informed by better understanding and monitoring of trends in the concurrent use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among smokers in the US marketplace.
  
  
  METHODS
  The California Longitudinal Smokers Study (CLSS) established a cohort of current cigarette smokers in 2011 who were surveyed for tobacco use and health behavior at baseline and again in 2012 at follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a large increase in reported experimentation with ENDS. As hypothesized, overweight or obese smokers were more likely to report experimentation with ENDS, an increase that was also observed among women. Experimentation with ENDS was not associated with a reduction in use of cigarettes or a decrease in cigarette dependence in this high risk population of smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continued surveillance of this vulnerable population is needed to better understand how experimentation with new ENDS products may impact health, facilitate switching to non-combustible tobacco or facilitate persistent cigarette dependence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States. Electronic address: dstrong@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leas
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edland
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Wael K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Al-Delaimy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Electronic cigarettes; Electronic nicotine delivery system; Obese; Overweight; Tobacco products