title: A story told by a single nanoparticle in the body fluid: demonstration of dissolution-reprecipitation of nanocrystals in a biological system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of the chemical composition of mineral particles found in the body is critical to understand the formation and effects of these entities in vivo. Yet, the possibility that biological fluids may modulate particle composition over time has not been examined. Materials & methods: Mineralo-organic nanoparticles similar to the ones that spontaneously form in human tissues were analyzed using electron microscopy, spectroscopy and proteomic analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that the mineralo-organic nanoparticles assimilate various ions and minerals during incubation in ionic solutions simulating body fluids. The particles undergo dissolution-reprecipitation reactions that affect the final protein composition of the particles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reactions occurring at the mineral-water interface therefore modulate the ionic and organic composition of mineral nanoparticles formed in biological fluids, producing changes that may alter the effects of mineral particles and stones in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Center for Molecular & Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yeu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Center for Molecular & Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Center for Molecular & Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.|Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.|Laboratory of Cellular Physiology & Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008027:Light; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D007477:Ions; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; C020243:calcium phosphate; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: calcifying nanoparticles; calciprotein particles; ectopic calcification; mineralo-organic nanoparticles; nanobacteria; serum granules