title: New approach to the determination of contaminants of emerging concern in natural water: study of alprazolam employing adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry.
abstract: Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are chemicals, including pharmaceutical and personal care products, not commonly monitored in the aquatic environment. Pharmaceuticals are nowadays considered as an important environmental contaminant. Chromatography methods which require expensive equipment and complicated sample pretreatment are used for detection of CECs in natural water. Thus, in this study we proposed a simple, fast, and low-cost voltammetric method as a screening tool for the determination of CECs in natural water prior to chromatography. A case study was conducted with alprazolam (benzodiazepine). The method was optimized and validated in-house. The limit of quantification was 0.4 μg L(-1) for a 120 s preconcentration time. The recoveries ranged from 93 to 120 % for accuracy tests. A further proposal aim was to determine for the first time the occurrence of alprazolam in Brazilian river water and to evaluate its potential use as a marker of contamination by wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), CEP 85040-080, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brasil, chaldernunes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chalder Nogueira
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Lucas Ely
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Pauluk
authors.forename: Vanessa Egéa
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Dos Anjos
authors.forename: Mauro Chierici
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Sueli Pércio
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Quináia
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000525:Alprazolam / Q000032:analysis*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000525:Alprazolam