title: Traumatic vitreous hemorrhage in children-clinical features and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical profile, causes, and outcomes of traumatic vitreous hemorrhage (TVH) in children (< 18 years of age).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective computer assisted chart review. 501 eyes of 464 children (103 females; 361 males) who presented with TVH between 2001 and 2012 were included. All children underwent a complete ocular and systemic examination and investigation. The etiology, visual, and anatomic results of pediatric TVH were the outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age: 12.27 ± 4.51 years. 37 patients had bilateral VH; 43.24% of these were firecracker injuries. Commonest complaint was diminished vision (96.45%). Mean BCVA(logMAR) at presentation was 2.64 ± 1.11 logMAR. Sticks (43.43%) and cricket balls (13.24%) were the commonest causes. Treatment included medical therapy (topical and/or systemic; 56 eyes), laser photocoagulation (34 eyes), and/ or surgery (387 eyes). Mean final BCVA was significantly better (1.01 ± 0.58 logMAR; P = 0.011, Z test). Mean follow up in the closed and open globe trauma was 47 ± 12.47 and 36.24 ± 9.72 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TVH has significant implications in children. Firecracker injuries are notorious for bilateral VH.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudhalkar
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chhablani
authors.forename: Subhadra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narayanan
mesh_terms: D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014823:Vitreous Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy