title: Estimation of the in situ degradation of the washout fraction of starch by using a modified in situ protocol and in vitro measurements.
abstract: The in situ degradation of the washout fraction of starch in six feed ingredients (i.e. barley, faba beans, maize, oats, peas and wheat) was studied by using a modified in situ protocol and in vitro measurements. In comparison with the washing machine method, the modified protocol comprises a milder rinsing method to reduce particulate loss during rinsing. The modified method markedly reduced the average washout fraction of starch in these products from 0.333 to 0.042 g/g. Applying the modified rinsing method, the fractional degradation rate (k d ) of starch in barley, oats and wheat decreased from on average 0.327 to 0.144 h-1 whereas for faba beans, peas and maize no differences in k d were observed compared with the traditional washing machine rinsing. For barley, maize and wheat, the difference in non-fermented starch in the residue between both rinsing methods during the first 4 h of incubation increased, which indicates secondary particle loss. The average effective degradation of starch decreased from 0.761 to 0.572 g/g when using the new rinsing method and to 0.494 g/g when applying a correction for particulate matter loss during incubation. The in vitro k d of starch in the non-washout fraction did not differ from that in the total product. The calculated ratio between the k d of starch in the washout and non-washout fraction was on average 1.59 and varied between 0.96 for oats and 2.39 for maize. The fractional rate of gas production was significantly different between the total product and the non-washout fraction. For all products, except oats, this rate of gas production was larger for the total product compared with the non-washout fraction whereas for oats the opposite was observed. The rate of increase in gas production was, especially for grains, strongly correlated with the in vitro k d of starch. The results of the present study do not support the assumption used in several feed evaluation systems that the degradation of the washout fraction of starch in the rumen is much faster than that of the non-washout fraction.
authors.affiliation: 1Animal Nutrition Group,Wageningen University,PO Box 338,6700 AH Wageningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.affiliation: 2Nutreco R&D,PO Box 220,5830 AE Boxmeer,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Laar
authors.affiliation: 1Animal Nutrition Group,Wageningen University,PO Box 338,6700 AH Wageningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D018554:Avena / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D001467:Hordeum / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism; D031307:Vicia faba / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013213:Starch
keywords: in situ protocol; in vitro; particulate matter loss; rumen degradability; starch