title: Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a Variety of Rainbow Trout Cell Lines (RTL-W1, RTH-149, RTG-2) and Primary Hepatocytes.
abstract: Among all classes of nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have potentially an important ecotoxicological impact, especially in freshwater environments. Fish are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of silver ions and, with knowledge gaps regarding the contribution of dissolution and unique particle effects to AgNP toxicity, they represent a group of vulnerable organisms. Using cell lines (RTL-W1, RTH-149, RTG-2) and primary hepatocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as in vitro test systems, we assessed the cytotoxicity of the representative AgNP, NM-300K, and AgNO3 as an Ag+ ion source. Lack of AgNP interference with the cytotoxicity assays (AlamarBlue, CFDA-AM, NRU assay) and their simultaneous application point to the compatibility and usefulness of such a battery of assays. The RTH-149 and RTL-W1 liver cell lines exhibited similar sensitivity as primary hepatocytes towards AgNP toxicity. Leibovitz's L-15 culture medium composition (high amino acid content) had an important influence on the behaviour and toxicity of AgNPs towards the RTL-W1 cell line. The obtained results demonstrate that, with careful consideration, such an in vitro approach can provide valuable toxicological data to be used in an integrated testing strategy for NM-300K risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-38040 Madrid, Spain. connolly.mona@inia.es.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-38040 Madrid, Spain. fcruz@inia.es.
authors.forename: Maria-Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-38040 Madrid, Spain. quesada.alba@inia.es.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quesada-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-38040 Madrid, Spain. luis.alte@inia.es.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alte
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Vetsuisse, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Berne, Länggassstr. 122, Postfach 8466, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland,. helmut.segner@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Segner
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, E-38040 Madrid, Spain. jmnavas@inia.es.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Navas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012834:Silver
keywords: AgNPs; cytotoxicity; in vitro cell lines; primary hepatocyte; rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)