title: Novel Approaches and Technologies in Molecular HLA Typing.
abstract: The invention of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has revolutionized molecular biology enabling gene isolation and characterization in hours rather than days. Scientists working in transplant diagnostics have proven to be pioneers in adapting this molecular technique to the clinical needs of histocompatibility testing. This chapter describes a number of novel genotyping technologies which have been used to address the challenges posed by genetic diversity seen in the extensive polymorphism in HLA genes. These novel approaches include single-stranded and duplex conformational analyses, real-time PCR, microarray hybridization, RNA-based sequencing, and the present day Next Generation Sequencing. The chapter concludes with a brief look at a possible next, Next Generation Sequencing system.
authors.affiliation: Leicester General Hospital, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK, paul.dunn@uhl-tr.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Paul P J
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Dunn
mesh_terms: D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens