title: Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and RAS mutation in sporadic keratoacanthoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  RAS gene activation and its association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have been extensively studied in various cancers. However, the correlation between RAS mutations and HPV in keratoacanthoma (KA) has not yet been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detection of HPV DNA was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction in 28 KA specimens. Molecular analysis was also performed to identify oncogenic mutations (HRAS, KRAS, NRAS). Statistical analyses were performed using the Fisher's exact tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV DNA was detected in eight (28.6%) of the 28 samples, and RAS mutations were detected in eight (28.6%). Six samples had an HRAS mutation, and two showed the NRAS mutation. The presence of an RAS mutation was significantly correlated with a history of chronic sun damage (P = 0.005). However, no significant correlation was observed between HPV infection and RAS mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that mutational activation of the RAS gene is a common event in KA. However, RAS oncogene activation and HPV infection seem to represent two independent factors in the development of KA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Ryung
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Hung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kee Yang
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Rha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007636:Keratoacanthoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; C579846:NRAS protein, human; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)