title: Investigation of anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities promoted by photoactivated cationic porphyrin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique that uses light and a photosensitizer, converting local molecular oxygen into singlet oxygen, which eliminates a target unhealthy tissue. It has been increasingly used for the treatment of several diseases including skin disorders. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease expressing immune and hyperproliferative features.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the photosensitizer 5,10-diphenyl-15,20-di(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (Di-cis-Py+) in in vivo models whereby some psoriasis-like parameters could be investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antiinflammation and antiproliferative activities of Di-cis-Py+ photoactivated was measured by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) enzyme activity assay, measurement of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels, evaluation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels by immunohistochemistry and by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment involving PDT and Di-cis-Py+ resulted in reduction of edema, cellular infiltration, proinflammatory cytokines, as well as reduced hyperproliferation of the epidermis. All the evaluated parameters were promoted by topical application of phlogistic agents and are similar to that observed in lesions of psoriatic skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results shows the advantage of topical application, do not cause apparently photosensitivity and have effects comparable to dexamethasone, a first-line drug for the treatment of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luise Zozula Blind
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Carrenho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Guimarães
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Chevonica
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Vandresen
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gomes Junior
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alan Guilherme
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Mara Woranovicz
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Barreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel Daniel
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Noseda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Eugênia Rabello
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diogo Ricardo Bazan
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ducatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paludo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Almeida
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cabrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: otuki@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Michel Fleith
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Otuki
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009195:Peroxidase; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase
keywords: Hyperproliferation; Inflammation; Photodynamic therapy; Porphyrin; Psoriasis