title: Flavonoid rich extract of Murraya Koenigii alleviates in-vitro LDL oxidation and oxidized LDL induced apoptosis in raw 264.7 Murine macrophage cells.
abstract: Several lines of evidences have established a lineage between Oxidised LDL (Ox-LDL) to apoptosis of macrophages in which the high level of intracellular cholesterol play a crucial role. This study assesses the potency of Murraya koenigii (MK) leaf extract in alleviating LDL oxidation and Ox-LDL induced lipotoxicity in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells. Results indicated that presence of MK extract prevented oxidation of LDL as evidenced by its oxidation kinetics and formation of LDL oxidation products. Also, MK extract accounted for improvement in cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential of Ox-LDL treated cells. The Ox-LDL induced increment in intracellular oxidative stress, nuclear condensation and apoptosis was effectively prevented by MK extract possibly due to their established anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging potentials which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids present in the extract. Prevention of oxidative modification of LDL, free radical induced damage and Ox-LDL induced death of RAW 264.7 cells provide preliminary evidences of its anti-atherosclerotic potential and warrants further elucidation and validation for its use in-vivo and may be useful as a functional food supplement and an alternative medicine to prevent LDL oxidation and oxidized LDL induced toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Phytotherapeutics and metabolic endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayaji Rao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002 India.
authors.forename: Tejal K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Gajaria
authors.affiliation: Division of Phytotherapeutics and metabolic endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayaji Rao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002 India.
authors.forename: Dipak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Division of Phytotherapeutics and metabolic endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayaji Rao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002 India.
authors.forename: Ranjitsinh V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Devkar
authors.affiliation: Division of Phytotherapeutics and metabolic endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayaji Rao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002 India.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Murraya koenigii; Ox-LDL; Oxidative stress; RAW 264.7 macrophage cells