title: Deep brain stimulation for obesity: past, present, and future targets.
abstract: The authors review the history of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients for treating obesity, describe current DBS targets in the brain, and discuss potential DBS targets and nontraditional stimulation parameters that may improve the effectiveness of DBS for ameliorating obesity. Deep brain stimulation for treating obesity has been performed both in animals and in humans with intriguing preliminary results. The brain is an attractive target for addressing obesity because modulating brain activity may permit influencing both sides of the energy equation--caloric intake and energy expenditure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Derrick A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dupré
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Nestor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomycz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Michael Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Whiting
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: BMI = body mass index; DA = dopamine; DBS = deep brain stimulation; HFS = high-frequency stimulation; LHA = lateral hypothalamic area; LHb = lateral habenula; NAc = nucleus accumbens; OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder; OFC = orbitofrontal cortex; ON = orexinergic neuron; PFC = prefrontal cortex; SCC = subcallosal cingulate cortex; VMH = ventromedial hypothalamus; VS = ventral striatum; VTA = ventral tegmental area; addiction; compound obesity; deep brain stimulation; eating disorders; functional neurosurgery; incentive salience