title: Progress towards a hepatitis C virus vaccine.
abstract: New drugs to treat hepatitis C are expected to be approved over the next few years which promise to cure nearly all patients. However, due to issues of expected drug resistance, suboptimal activity against diverse hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and especially because of their extremely high cost, it is unlikely that these HCV drugs will substantially reduce the world's HCV carrier population of around 170 million in the near future or the estimated global incidence of millions of new HCV infections. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to develop a prophylactic HCV vaccine and also to determine if therapeutic vaccines can aid in the treatment of chronically infected patients. After much early pessimism on the prospects for an effective prophylactic HCV vaccine, our recent knowledge of immune correlates of protection combined with the demonstrated immunogenicity and protective animal efficacies of various HCV vaccine candidates now allows for realistic optimism. This review summarizes the current rationale and status of clinical and experimental HCV vaccine candidates based on the elicitation of cross-neutralizing antibodies and broad cellular immune responses to this highly diverse virus.
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Lok
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Man John Law
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Abdolamir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Wendy C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorne Tyrrell
authors.affiliation: Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Houghton
keywords: HCV; hepatitis; infection; prophylactic; therapeutic; vaccine