title: Are women in Turkey both risks and resources in disaster management?
abstract: From a global perspective, the universality of gender-related societal issues is particularly significant. Although gender inequality is considered a sociological problem, the large number of female victims in disasters warrants an assessment of disaster management sciences. In this article, related concepts are discussed based on their relevance sociologically and in disaster management to develop a common terminology and examine this complex topic, which is rooted in different social profiles and anthropological heterogeneity throughout the world. A brief history is discussed, and significant examples are provided from different disasters in Turkey to illustrate why a woman-oriented approach should be adopted when evaluating concepts of gender inequality. Observations of disasters have shown that it is important to apply international standards (humanitarian charter and minimum disaster response standards), especially during periods of response and rehabilitation. Relevant factors related to gender should be included in these standards, such as women's health and hygiene, which will be discussed in more detail. A woman-based approach is designed in relation to two aspects: risks and resources. Thus, gender-sensitive methods of mitigating and preventing disasters are provided. The main purpose of the article is to contribute to the development of a universal culture that prioritizes gender in disaster management.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Neighborhood Disaster Volunteers (MAG), Istanbul 34524, Turkey. ozden2010@gmail.com.|AFAD (Emergency and Disaster Management Department), Istanbul Governorship, Istanbul 34410, Turkey. ozden2010@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Özden
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Işık
authors.affiliation: Division of Seismology, Department of Geophysics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34320, Turkey. naside@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Naşide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Özer
authors.affiliation: Division of Earth Physics, Department of Geophysics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34320, Turkey. nursayin@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sayın
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34740, Turkey. afetmishal@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Afet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishal
authors.affiliation: Division of Earth Physics, Department of Geophysics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34320, Turkey. gundogdu@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Oğuz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gündoğdu
authors.affiliation: Division of Earth Physics, Department of Geophysics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34320, Turkey. ferozcep@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ferhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Özçep
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004190:Disasters; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D012306:Risk; D063507:Sexism; D014421:Turkey; D016387:Women's Health; D014933:Women's Rights
keywords: cultural feminism; disaster management; gender barrier; gender inequality; gender sensitivity; resources; risks; universal culture of disaster