title: Direct transbronchial administration of liposomal amphotericin B into a pulmonary aspergilloma.
abstract: Pulmonary aspergillomas usually occur in pre-existing lung cavities exhibiting local immunodeficiency. As pulmonary aspergillomas only partially touch the walls of the cavities containing them, they rarely come into contact with the bloodstream, which makes it difficult for antifungal agents to reach them. Although surgical treatment is the optimal strategy for curing the condition, most patients also have pulmonary complications such as tuberculosis and pulmonary fibrosis, which makes this strategy difficult. A 72-year-old male patient complained of recurrent hemoptysis and dyspnea, and a chest X-ray and CT scan demonstrated the existence of a fungus ball in a pulmonary cavity exhibiting fibrosis. Although an examination of the patient's sputum was inconclusive, his increased 1-3-beta-D-glucan level and Aspergillus galactomannan antigen index were suggestive of pulmonary aspergilloma. Since the systemic administration of voriconazole for two months followed by itraconazole for one month was ineffective and surgical treatment was not possible due to the patient's poor respiratory function, liposomal amphotericin B was transbronchially administered directly into the aspergilloma. The patient underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and a yellow fungus ball was observed in the cavity connecting to the right B(2)bi-beta, a biopsy sample of which was found to contain Aspergillus fumigatus. Nine transbronchial administrations of liposomal amphotericin B were conducted using a transbronchial aspiration cytology needle, which resulted in the aspergilloma disappearing by seven and a half months after the first treatment. This strategy could be suitable for aspergilloma patients with complications because it is safe and rarely causes further complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uji Tokushukai Medical Center, 86, Kasuganomori, Ogura-cho, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Uji Tokushukai Medical Center, 86, Kasuganomori, Ogura-cho, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Uji Tokushukai Medical Center, 86, Kasuganomori, Ogura-cho, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryouhei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kakehashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uji Tokushukai Medical Center, 86, Kasuganomori, Ogura-cho, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukita
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uji Tokushukai Medical Center, 86, Kasuganomori, Ogura-cho, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uji Tokushukai Medical Center, 86, Kasuganomori, Ogura-cho, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Sorou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeda
keywords: Liposomal amphotericin B; Pulmonary aspergilloma; Topical treatment; Transbronchial direct administration