title: Peptidoglycan diversity and anti-inflammatory capacity in Lactobacillus strains.
abstract: Lactobacillus species are potential probiotic bacteria for humans because of their capacity to improve certain biological functions in the host's immune system. In this study, we focused on three peptidoglycans (PGNs) derived from different Lactobacillus strains and investigated each PGN's anti-inflammatory capacity. Each PGN was analyzed using HPLC, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and FTIR. All three PGNs displayed a β-1,4-linked N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) structure with some modifications in the polypeptides at the end of the MurNAc residue. In a new insight, we found that PGNs inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells; a capacity that may be related to the TLR-4 pathway. The goal for exploring PGN diversity in Lactobacillus strains is to better understand the potential use of Lactobacillus PGNs in food and pharmaceutical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jinling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jinling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu, China; Food Science and Technology Department, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address: daodongpan@163.com.
authors.forename: Daodong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jinling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yuxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Department, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yangying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Department, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address: zxqun3447@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoqun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010457:Peptidoglycan; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: Anti-inflammatory capacity; DHB (PubChem CID: 24101); FITC (PubChem CID: 18730); HT-29 cells; Lactobacillus strains; N-acetylglucosamine (PubChem CID: 11861101); N-acetylmuramic acid (PubChem CID: 12917652); PGN diversity; Peptidoglycan (PubChem CID: 9816401); RAW 264.7 cells