title: Graphene-based optical modulators.
abstract: Optical modulators (OMs) are a key device in modern optical systems. Due to its unique optical properties, graphene has been recently utilized in the fabrication of optical modulators, which promise high performance such as broadband response, high modulation speed, and high modulation depth. In this paper, the latest experimental and theoretical demonstrations of graphene optical modulators (GOMs) with different structures and functions are reviewed. Particularly, the principles of electro-optical and all-optical modulators are illustrated. Additionally, the limitation of GOMs and possible methods to improve performance and practicability are discussed. At last, graphene terahertz modulators (GTMs) are introduced.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Siyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Absorption; All-optical; Broadband; Electro-absorption; Graphene; Optical modulator; Photonics; Terahertz; Ultrafast