title: Does the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles reduce copper toxicity? A factorial approach with the benthic amphipod Gammarus fossarum.
abstract: In aquatic ecosystems, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) may adsorb co-occurring chemical stressors, such as copper (Cu). This interaction has the potential to reduce the concentration of dissolved Cu due to surface binding to the nanoparticles. The subsequent sedimentation of nano-TiO2 agglomerates may increase the exposure of benthic species towards the associated Cu. This scenario was assessed by employing the amphipod Gammarus fossarum as model species and taking advantage of a 2×2-factorial design investigating absence and presence of 2mg nano-TiO2/L and 40μg Cu/L (n=45; t=24d) in darkness, respectively. Nano-TiO2 alone did not affect mortality and leaf consumption, whereas Cu alone caused high mortality (>70%), reduced leaf consumption (25%) and feces production (30%) relative to the control. In presence of nano-TiO2, Cu-induced toxicity was largely eliminated. However, independent of Cu, nano-TiO2 decreased the gammarids' assimilation and weight. Hence, nano-TiO2 may be applicable as Cu-remediation agent, while its potential long-term effects need further attention.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany. Electronic address: rosenfeldt@uni-landau.de.
authors.forename: Ricki R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Rosenfeldt
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany. Electronic address: seitz-f@uni-landau.de.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany. Electronic address: zubrod@uni-landau.de.
authors.forename: Jochen P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zubrod
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: alexander.feckler@slu.se.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feckler
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany. Electronic address: merk4037@uni-landau.de.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany. Electronic address: luederwald@uni-landau.de.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lüderwald
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany. Electronic address: bundschuh-r@uni-landau.de.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bundschuh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany. Electronic address: schulz@uni-landau.de.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: mirco.bundschuh@slu.se.
authors.forename: Mirco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bundschuh
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D003300:Copper; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Benthic invertebrates; Combined toxicity; Energy processing; Heavy metal; Remediation