title: Combined high-fat diet and sustained high sucrose consumption promotes NAFLD in a murine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study of NAFLD in humans has several limitations. Using murine models helps to understand disease pathogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the impact of 4 different diets in the production of NAFLD with emphasis on a combined high-fat plus sustained high sucrose consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight week-old male Wistar rats were divided in four groups and fed for 90 days with the following diets: 1) Control chow diet (C); 2) High-fat cholesterol diet (HFC) + 5% sucrose in drinking water. 3) High-fat cornstarch diet (HFCO) + 5% sucrose in drinking water. 4) Chow diet + 20% sucrose in drinking water (HSD). Metabolic changes, leptin levels, liver histology, hepatic and plasma lipid composition, fasting plasma glucose and insulin and liver gene expression of FAS, SREBP-1 and PPAR-α were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HFC diet had the highest grade of steatosis (grade 2 of 3) and HSD showed also steatosis (grade 1). Liver weight TG and colesterol concentrations in liver were greater in the HFC diet. There were no increased levels of iron in the liver. Rats in HFC gained significantly more weight (P < 0.001). All experimental groups showed fasting hyperglycemia. HFC had the highest glucose level (158.5 ± 7 mg/dL) (P < 0.005). The HSD and the HFCO diets developed also hyperglycemia. HSD had significantly higher fasting hyperinsulinemia. Serum leptin was higher in the HFC diet (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the HFC diet with combination of high fat and high sucrose is more effective in producing NAFLD compared with a high sucrose diet only.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. Mexico; Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torres-Villalobos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Nashla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamdan-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Armando R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ordaz-Nava
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Braulio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez-Benítez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Torre-Villalvazo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Sofía
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morán-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-Villaseñor
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Lilia G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Noriega
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiriart
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medina-Santillán
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: María del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Castillo-Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Unit. Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation. Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Nahum
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Méndez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Unit. Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation. Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Misael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uribe
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. Mexico.
authors.forename: Nimbe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D047493:PPAR alpha; C497389:Srebf1 protein, rat; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D007501:Iron; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases