title: Exercise-induced muscle damage following dance and sprint-specific exercise in females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of studies investigating exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in females and only one in response to dance-type exercise. This study sought to firstly elucidate the physiological profile of EIMD following a dance-specific protocol, and second to compare the magnitude of damage to that experienced following a sport-specific protocol in physically active females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine female recreational dancers (19±1 years) were recruited. Participants completed either a dance-specific protocol (DPFT; N.=15) or sport-specific repeated sprint protocol (SSRS; N.=14). Muscle soreness, limb girths, creatine kinase (CK), countermovement jump height (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 30 m sprint time were recorded pre, 0-, 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DPFT induced muscle damage, with significant time effects for all variables except RSI. However the response was acute, and muscle function returned to near-baseline levels by 48 h. Although no group differences existed, there were significant interaction effects; notably in CMJ (P=0.038) where the decline at 0 h (-6.9%) was smaller and recovery was greater at 72 h (which exceeded pre-exercise levels by 3.7%) post DPFT compared to post SSRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results offer new information showing that dance-specific activity results in EIMD in females. In addition, the magnitude of damage was similar to repeated sprint exercise and demonstrated that, in this population, recovery from these strenuous activities takes several days. These data have important implications for understanding the consequences of dance activity and other strenuous exercise in females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK - glyn.howatson@northumbria.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Meghan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Howatson
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: Emma J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D003615:Dancing / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D063806:Myalgia / Q000209:etiology; D012420:Running / Q000293:injuries*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003402:Creatine Kinase