title: Investigation of vitamin B₆ inadequacy, induced by exposure to the anti-B₆ factor 1-amino D-proline, on plasma lipophilic metabolites of rats: a metabolomics approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin B6 status in the body is affected by several factors including dietary supply of the antivitamin B6 factor, 1-amino D-proline (1ADP), which is present in flaxseed. Owing to the prevalence of moderate B6 deficiency in the general population, a co-occurrence of 1ADP may lead to a further deterioration of B6 status. To this end, we applied a nontargeted metabolomics approach to identify potential plasma lipophilic biomarkers of deleterious effect of 1ADP on moderately vitamin B6-deficient rats using a high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four rats were fed with a semi-purified diet containing pyridoxine·HCl (PN·HCl) either 7 mg/kg diet (optimal B6) or 0.7 mg/kg diet (moderate B6). The rats were divided into four treatments (n = 6), and one treatment in each B6 diet group was also fed ad libitum with 10 mg/kg diet of synthetic 1ADP. After 5 weeks of study, plasma was collected from the rats and lipophilic metabolites were extracted using acetonitrile as a solvent for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten potential plasma lipophilic biomarkers were identified out of >2500 detected entities, which showed significant differences between the treatments. Plasma glycocholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, murocholic acid, N-docosahexaenoyl GABA, N-arachidonoyl GABA, lumula, nandrolone and orthothymotinic acid concentrations were significantly elevated, while plasma cystamine and 3-methyleneoxindole concentrations were significantly reduced as a result of either low B6 status or 1ADP or their interaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in these metabolites revealed a potential defect in pathways linked with the biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acid components, N-acyl amino acids, analgesic androgens, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective molecules. We also noted that the changes in these biomarkers can be alleviated by the application of adequate vitamin B6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: Shyamchand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayengbam
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.|Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: House
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. aliani@cc.umanitoba.ca.|St-Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada. aliani@cc.umanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aliani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003538:Cystamine / Q000097:blood; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry*; D006000:Glycocholic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007211:Indoles / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000097:blood; D009752:Nutritional Status; D000078183:Oxindoles; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000097:blood*; D026681:Vitamin B 6 Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007211:Indoles; D000078183:Oxindoles; C008440:3-methyleneoxindole; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C024033:glycoursodeoxycholic acid; D009277:Nandrolone; C012179:1-aminoproline; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D011392:Proline; D006000:Glycocholic Acid; D003538:Cystamine
keywords: 1-Amino D-proline; Antivitamin B6; Biomarkers; Metabolomics; Vitamin B6