title: Policy Options to Promote Smokefree Environments for Children and Adolescents.
abstract: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among children is associated with a wide variety of adverse health risks, including: asthma, otitis media, respiratory infections, impaired lung growth and function, decreased exercise tolerance, cognitive impairments, behavior problems, and sudden infant death syndrome. Unfortunately, over 40% of children aged 3-11 years-15.1 million children-are currently exposed to SHS, with nearly 70% of black children in this age group being exposed. Over the past three decades, great strides have been made in establishing smokefree environments for adults, ultimately reducing their SHS exposure. Regulations have been passed at the organizational, local, and state levels that increasingly ban smoking in the workplace and public places. Children's SHS exposure patterns, however, differ from adults' exposures, with greater time spent in the home and other potentially unregulated venues (school, child care, and car). This means that children have been afforded relatively less protection from SHS by these smokefree regulations. It is imperative, therefore, to seek alternative options for promoting smokefree environments for children throughout the United States. This article explores policy options that promote smokefree environments for children and adolescents: comprehensive smokefree/tobacco-free policies covering indoor/outdoor public places, housing, private vehicles, and child care, as well as Clinical Guidelines regarding patient/family interviews on smoking, SHS, cessation, and voluntary smokefree efforts. The policy section highlights the role of child and adolescent health practitioners in promoting these policies with the hope of fostering engagement of these key stakeholders in the policy process. Note, there are a wide range of important policy and regulatory strategies aimed at reducing tobacco initiation and use among children, adolescents, and young adults; while essential in tobacco prevention and control efforts, a discussion of these strategies is beyond the scope of this article.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Public Health, Milwaukee, WI 53201.
authors.forename: Karla S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bartholomew
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control; D001336:Automobiles; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012147:Restaurants; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012907:Smoking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000517:prevention & control; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D017132:Workplace / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution