title: 3D Printing of Highly Stretchable and Tough Hydrogels into Complex, Cellularized Structures.
abstract: A 3D printable and highly stretchable tough hydrogel is developed by combining poly(ethylene glycol) and sodium alginate, which synergize to form a hydrogel tougher than natural cartilage. Encapsulated cells maintain high viability over a 7 d culture period and are highly deformed together with the hydrogel. By adding biocompatible nanoclay, the tough hydrogel is 3D printed in various shapes without requiring support material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Sungmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Dalton
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sycks
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Hon Fai
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Shaoting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guilak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Kam W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.|Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Xuanhe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002118:Calcium
keywords: 3D printing; cellularized structure; nanoclay; poly (ethylene glycol)-alginate; tough hydrogel