title: Maltose-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of the mal Regulon by MalR in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: The maltose regulon (mal regulon) has previously been shown to consist of the mal gene cluster (malMP, malXCD and malAR operons) in Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, we have further elucidated the complete mal regulon in S. pneumoniae D39 using microarray analyses and β-galactosidase assays. In addition to the mal gene cluster, the complete mal regulon of S. pneumoniae D39 consists of a pullulanase (PulA), a glucosidase (DexB), a glucokinase (RokB), a PTS component (PtsG) and an amylase (AmyA2). Our microarray studies and β-galactosidase assays further showed that the LacI-family transcriptional regulator MalR represses the expression of the mal regulon in the absence of maltose. Furthermore, the role of the pleiotropic transcriptional regulator CcpA in the regulation of the mal regulon in the presence of maltose was explored. Our microarray analysis with a ΔccpA strain showed that CcpA only represses the expression of the malXCD operon and the pulA gene in the presence of maltose. Hence, we extend the mal regulon now consisting of pulA, dexB, rokB, ptsG and amyA2 in addition to malMP, malXCD and malAR operons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sulman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shafeeq
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Manzoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oscar P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Kuipers
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D008320:Maltose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009875:Operator Regions, Genetic; D009876:Operon / Q000235:genetics; D018085:Regulon / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C084528:malR protein, bacteria; D008320:Maltose; D005947:Glucose