title: Injectable and Self-Healing Carbohydrate-Based Hydrogel for Cell Encapsulation.
abstract: With the fast development of cell therapy, there has been a shift toward the development of injectable hydrogels as cell carriers that can overcome current limitations in cell therapy. However, the hydrogels are prone to damage during use, inducing cell apoptosis. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop an injectable and self-healing hydrogel based on chondroitin sulfate multiple aldehyde (CSMA) and N-succinyl-chitosan (SC). By varying the CSMA to SC ratio, the hydrogel stiffness, water content, and kinetics of gelation could be controlled. Gelation readily occurred at physiological conditions, predominantly due to a Schiff base reaction between the aldehyde groups on CSMA and amino groups on SC. Meanwhile, because of the dynamic equilibrium of Schiff base linkage, the hydrogel was found to be self-healing. Cells encapsulated in the hydrogel remained viable and metabolically active. In addition, the hydrogel produced minimal inflammatory response when injected subcutaneously in a rat model and showed biodegradability in vivo. This work establishes an injectable and self-healing hydrogel derived from carbohydrates with potential applications as a cell carrier and in tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shaoyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiubin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haogang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingzhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates
keywords: carbohydrate; cell encapsulation; dynamic mechanical analysis; injectable hydrogel; self-healing