title: Gender differences in clinical and angiographic findings of patients with Takayasu arteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because Takayasu arteritis (TA) predominantly affects females, few data regarding gender differences have been reported. The aim of the present study is to describe clinical features and angiographic findings of patients with TA according to gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria, 294 patients were diagnosed with TA between September 1994 and April 2014 at a single tertiary hospital. We reviewed clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data at the time of diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 294 patients studied, 257 (87.4%) were female (male:female ratio=1:6.9). Female patients had a higher tendency to exhibit blood pressure differences between arms (p=0.595) and a weak pulse at the brachial artery (p=0.063). In male patients, we observed higher serum creatinine levels (p=0.038) and hypertension more frequently (p=0.061) than in females. Females exhibited more common lesions in the thoracic aorta and its branches, while males had more frequent lesions in the abdominal aorta and its branches. An analysis of angiographic classification according to the International TA Conference in Tokyo 1994 classification revealed that male patients had a higher incidence of type IV and females showed a higher incidence of types I, IIa, and IIb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female patients with TA have more frequent involvement of the thoracic aorta and its branches, whereas involvement of the abdominal aorta and its branches is more common in males. Considering these gender-specific differences, adjustment of diagnostic criteria for TA according to gender may be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vascular Center, Heart Center, Center for Cardiovascular and Stroke Imaging, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vascular Center, Heart Center, Center for Cardiovascular and Stroke Imaging, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Gwag
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vascular Center, Heart Center, Center for Cardiovascular and Stroke Imaging, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vascular Center, Heart Center, Center for Cardiovascular and Stroke Imaging, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: E-S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vascular Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vascular Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Y-W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Center for Cardiovascular and Stroke Imaging, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Center for Cardiovascular and Stroke Imaging, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vascular Center, Heart Center, Center for Cardiovascular and Stroke Imaging, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: D-K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013625:Takayasu Arteritis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine