title: Trait mindfulness, reasons for living and general symptom severity as predictors of suicide probability in males with substance abuse or dependence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate suicide probability in Iranian males with substance abuse or dependence disorder and to investigate the predictors of suicide probability based on trait mindfulness, reasons for living and severity of general psychiatric symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 324 individuals with substance abuse or dependence in an outpatient setting and prison. Reasons for living questionnaire, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale and Suicide probability Scale were used as instruments. Sample was selected based on convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The life-time prevalence of suicide attempt in the outpatient setting was35% and it was 42% in the prison setting. Suicide probability in the prison setting was significantly higher than in the outpatient setting (p<0.001). The severity of general symptom strongly correlated with suicide probability. Trait mindfulness, not reasons for living beliefs, had a mediating effect in the relationship between the severity of general symptoms and suicide probability. Fear of social disapproval, survival and coping beliefs and child-related concerns significantly predicted suicide probability (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It could be suggested that trait mindfulness was more effective in preventing suicide probability than beliefs about reasons for living in individuals with substance abuse or dependence disorders. The severity of general symptom should be regarded as an important risk factor of suicide probability.
authors.affiliation: Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohammadkhani
authors.affiliation: Allameh Tabataba'i_ University. Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khanipour
authors.affiliation: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hedieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azadmehr
authors.affiliation: Mental Health and Social Work Service, Ghezel Hesar prison, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ardeshir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobramm
authors.affiliation: Allameh Tabataba'i_ Universitiy, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Naseri
keywords: Mindfulness; Reasons for Living; Substance Abuse; Suicide Probability