title: Influence of ApoE and FABP2 polymorphisms and environmental factors in the susceptibility to gallstone disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gallstone disease (GSD) is a common chronic disease in the Western hemisphere, yet environmental and genetic factors may be responsible for the variations in the prevalence of GSD among populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the relationship of the ApoE and FABP2 polymorphisms with diet, physical activity and emotional health in patients with GSD from West Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 patients with GSD and 370 healthy subjects were enrolled. Anthropometric, biochemical, nutritional, clinical and physical activity parameters were measured. ApoE and FABP2 genotypes were assesed by PCR-RFLPs assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ApoE E3/E4 genotype and the ApoE E4 allele was highly prevalent among the GSD patients compared to the controls (32% vs. 12.0% and 22% vs. 8.4% respectively p < 0.01). Patients with the Apo E4 allele showed an upward trend of cholesterol levels compared to non-Apo E4 allele carriers (E4 186 ± 30 mg/dL; E3 143 ± 37 mg/dL; E2 129 ± 34 mg/dL). High triglyceride levels were associated with patients that were FABP2 Thr54 allele carriers (p < 0.05) but lacked association with GSD. This may be due to changes in dietary fats after GSD diagnosis, masking the clinical course of the disease. Sedentary lifestyle and negative emotions were detected in 83% and 63% of patients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the Apo E4 allele could confer genetic susceptibility for the development of GSD among the Mexican population. The Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 was associated with high triglycerides levels, but not to GSD; suggesting that environmental factors modulate such susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde; Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico;
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinez-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde".
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Curiel-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde".
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Nazara
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde"; Departament of Medical Clinics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Moreno-Luna
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Institute of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ramos-Marquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde"; Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde"; Departament of Medical Clinics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panduro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2 / Q000235:genetics; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3 / Q000235:genetics; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004644:Emotions; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D053329:Apolipoprotein E2; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D015415:Biomarkers; C493404:FABP2 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D008055:Lipids