title: Strategies for alveolar ridge reconstruction and preservation for implant therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In dental implant treatment, ridge preservation and immediate or early implant placement are recommended to minimize bone resorption after tooth extraction and achieve esthetic outcomes. However, there is no consensus concerning the efficacy of this surgical method. There is also no consensus on the efficacy of bone and soft tissue grafts and surgical methods for alveolar ridge reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper reports ridge alteration in the anterior maxilla after tooth extraction, and summarizes the efficacy of various ridge preservation methods and immediate or early implant placement as alveolar ridge preservation methods to minimize bone resorption after tooth extraction. The advantages and complications of alveolar ridge reconstruction methods, and the efficacy and surgical method of soft tissue graft are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anterior maxilla is in the esthetic zone, and the thickness of the bone on the labial side around the natural tooth is less than 1mm in many cases. Therefore, it is impossible to prevent bone resorption completely, even if ridge preservation and immediate or early implant placement are performed after tooth extraction. It is necessary to obtain stable and long-term esthetics by combining connective tissue and free gingival grafts, in addition to hard tissue augmentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to consider the burden and level of satisfaction of patients, such as in terms of donor site morbidity in hard and soft tissue grafting, and to pay attention to appropriate indications to avoid overtreatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Japan. Electronic address: masaki@kyu-dent.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Oral & Maxillofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mukaibo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D006801:Humans; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Early placement; Immediate placement; Ridge alteration; Ridge preservation; Tissue augmentation