title: Knowledge and use of wild edible plants in rural communities along Paraguay River, Pantanal, Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wild plants are used as food for human populations where people still depend on natural resources to survive. This study aimed at identifying wild plants and edible uses known in four rural communities of the Pantanal-Brazil, estimating the use value and understanding how distance to the urban areas, gender, age and number of different environments available in the vicinity can influence the knowledge and use of these plants by local people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on edible plants with known uses by communities were obtained through semi-structured interviews. A form with standardized information was used for all communities in order to obtain comparable data for analysis. For the quantitative analysis of the factors that could influence the number of species known by the population, a generalized linear model (GLM) was conducted using a negative binomial distribution as the data consisted of counts (number of citations).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 54 wild species were identified with food uses, included in 44 genera and 30 families of angiosperms. Besides food use, the species are also known as medicine, bait, construction, technology and other. The species with the highest use value was Acrocomia aculeata. Older people, aged more than 60 years, and those living in more remote communities farther from cities know more wild edible plants. Statistical analysis showed no difference regarding gender or number of vegetation types available in the vicinity and the number of plants known by locals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicated more knowledge retained in communities more distant from the urban area, indifference in distribution of knowledge between genders and the higher cultural competence of elderly people in respect to knowledge of wild edible botanicals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Botany, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), C.P. 549, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil. iedamaria.bortolotto@gmail.com.|Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany. iedamaria.bortolotto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ieda Maria
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Bortolotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, IB, UNESP, C.P. 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil. mcma@rc.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Maria Christina de Mello
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Amorozo
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Ecology, Bioscience Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, 78 060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. guarim@cpd.ufmt.br.
authors.forename: Germano Guarim
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany. oldeland@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oldeland
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Botany, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), C.P. 549, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil. geraldodamasceno@gmail.com.|Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany. geraldodamasceno@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Geraldo Alves
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Damasceno-Junior
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D044822:Biodiversity; D001938:Brazil; D019448:Ethnobotany; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010239:Paraguay; D010945:Plants, Edible / Q000145:classification*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors