title: Thermal Characteristics of Hyperaccumulator and Fate of Heavy Metals during Thermal Treatment of Sedum plumbizincicola.
abstract: Thermal treatment is one of the most promising disposal techniques for heavy metal- (HM)-enriched hyperaccumulators. However, the thermal characteristics and fate of HMs during thermal treatment of hyperaccumulator biomass need to be known in detail. A horizontal tube furnace was used to analyze the disposal process of hyperaccumulator biomass derived from a phyto-extracted field in which the soil was moderately contaminated with heavy metals. Different operational conditions regarding temperature and gas composition were tested. A thermo-dynamic analysis by advanced system for process engineering was performed to predict HM speciation during thermal disposal and SEM-EDS, XRD and sequential chemical extraction were used to characterize the heavy metals. The recovery of Zn, Pb and Cd in bottom ash decreased with increasing temperature but recovery increased in the fly ash. Recovery of Zn, Pb and Cd fluctuated with increasing air flow rate and the metal recovery rates were higher in the fly ash than the bottom ash. Most Cl, S, Fe, Al and SiO2 were found as alkali oxides, SO2, Fe2(SO4)3, iron oxide, Ca3Al2O6, K2SiO3 and SiO2 instead of reacting with HMs. Thus, the HMs were found to occur as the pure metals and their oxides during the combustion process and as the sulfides during the reducing process.
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Daoxu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Zhaoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Longhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Zuwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yongming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002681:China; D002713:Chlorine / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism*; D031963:Sedum / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C049037:aluminosilicate; D002713:Chlorine; D013455:Sulfur
keywords: heavy metals; hyperaccumulators; thermal disposal; thermodynamic analysis