title: Peramorphic traits in the tokay gecko skull.
abstract: Traditionally, geckos have been conceived to exhibit paedomorphic features relative to other lizards (e.g., large eyes, less extensively ossified skulls, and amphicoelous and notochordal vertebrae). In contrast, peramorphosis has not been considered an important process in shaping their morphology. Here, we studied different sized specimens of Gekko gecko to document ontogenetic changes in cranial anatomy, especially near maturity. Comparison of this species with available descriptions of other geckos resulted in the identification of 14 cranial characteristics that are expressed more strongly with size increase. These characteristics become move evident in later stages of post-hatching development, especially near maturation, and are, therefore, attributed to peramorphosis (hyperossification). ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimizations were applied to these characters using a tree of 11 genera derived from a gekkotan molecular phylogeny. This analysis revealed that G. gecko expresses the majority of these putative peramorphic features near maturity, and that some of these features are also expressed in species closely related to G. gecko. The characters studied have the potential to be applied in future phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of this group of lizards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 1900 Avenue I, Huntsville, Texas, 77341.
authors.forename: Juan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Daza
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 1900 Avenue I, Huntsville, Texas, 77341.
authors.forename: Aurelia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mapps
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 1900 Avenue I, Huntsville, Texas, 77341.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 1900 Avenue I, Huntsville, Texas, 77341.
authors.forename: Monte L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Thies
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania, 19085.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008116:Lizards / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: Gekko gecko; heterochrony; ontogeny; osteology; skeletal maturity