title: Optimization of the sublethal dose of silver nanoparticle through evaluating its effect on intestinal physiology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.).
abstract: Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are widely used in a variety of biomedical and consumer products as an antimicrobial additive. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of low-dose SNPs on intestinal physiology of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) for assessing its apparent environmental risk due to extensive commercial use. SNPs were synthesized by a chemical reduction method yielding 1-27 nm oval shaped particles. Early fingerlings of tilapia were exposed with two sublethal concentrations (0.8 and 0.4 mg L(-1)) of SNPs for twenty one days period and its impact on the intestinal physiology was evaluated by histochemistry, catalase expression, glutamate dehydrogenase activity, SDS-PAGE and gut micro flora count. Histological analysis showed thinning of intestinal wall, swelling on mucosal layer and immunohistochemical assay exhibited an enhanced catalase expression in SNPs treated fishes. Gut microflora count elicited a dose-dependent depletion and a variable SDS-PAGE profile followed by significant (P < 0.05) elevations in glutamate dehydrogenase activity in SNPs-treated fishes. This study was designed to provide a better understanding of environmentally acceptable, dose-dependent SNPs delivery in fishes and to formulate guidelines in aquatic toxicology.
authors.affiliation: a National Institute Abiotic Stress Management , Baramati, Pune , Maharashtra , India.
authors.forename: Biplab
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Mayuree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaisai
authors.forename: Arabinda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahanty
authors.forename: Pragnya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadique
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: Surajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
authors.forename: Joydeep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dutta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D023681:Cichlids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012834:Silver; D002374:Catalase
keywords: Nile tilapia; Silver nanoparticle; gut microflora; immunohistochemistry; intestine; sublethal toxicity