title: Lidocaine versus lidocaine plus benzydamine as a topical anesthesia regimen for unsedated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A comparison study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to assess the efficacy of adding benzydamine (B) spray to standard treatment with a lidocaine (L) spray before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) as a topical anaesthetic regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 118 adult patients undergoing outpatient UGE were randomly assigned to receive L (n=44), LB (n=38) or B (n=36) before the procedure. The primary outcome was the patient tolerance score, which represents a summative evaluation of the taste of the anesthetic agent, the intensity of pharyngeal numbness, the amount of coughing or gagging and the degree of discomfort during oesophageal intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (min-max) patient tolerance scores were comparable between groups LB (10.5; range 5-12) and L (10; range 4-13) (p=0.235) and significantly lower in group B (7.5; range 3-12) (p<0.01). LB improved several secondary outcomes. Oesophageal intubation was less difficult (5 [range 2-10] vs 3 [range 0-8], p<0.001), and a lower proportion of patients developed postprocedural sore throat (4 [10.5%] vs 15 [34.1%], p=0.011) in LB compared to L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LB is not superior to L in terms of overall patient tolerance, but LB may be preferred over L in cases with difficult oesophageal intubation or a previous history of postprocedural sore throat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. ibismehmet@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: İbiş
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arhan
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: İbiş
authors.forename: İbrahim Koral
authors.initials: İK
authors.lastname: Önal
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erdal
authors.forename: Özlem Gül
authors.initials: ÖG
authors.lastname: Utku
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001591:Benzydamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010614:Pharynx
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001591:Benzydamine; D008012:Lidocaine