title: Evaluation of a novel helium ionization detector within the context of (low-)flow modulation comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography.
abstract: The present research is focused on the use and evaluation of a novel helium ionization detector, defined as barrier discharge ionization detector (BID), within the context of (low-)flow modulation comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (FM GC×GC). The performance of the BID device was compared to that of a flame ionization detector (FID), under similar FM GC×GC conditions. Following development and optimization of the FM GC×GC method, the BID was subjected to fine tuning in relation to acquisition frequency and discharge flow. Moreover, the BID performance was measured and compared to that of the FID, in terms of extra-column band broadening, sensitivity and dynamic range. The comparative study was carried out by using standard compounds belonging to different chemical classes, along with a sample of diesel fuel. Advantages and disadvantages of the BID system, also within the context of FM GC×GC, are critically discussed. In general, the BID system was characterized by a more limited dynamic range and increased sensitivity, compared to the FID. Additionally, BID and FID contribution to band broadening was found to be similar under the operational conditions applied. Particular attention was devoted to the behaviour of the FM GC×GC-BID system toward saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, for a possible future use in the field of mineral-oil food contamination research.
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavio A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Franchina
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariarosa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maimone
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sciarrone
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Purcaro
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Peter Q
authors.initials: PQ
authors.lastname: Tranchida
authors.affiliation: "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy. Electronic address: lmondello@unime.it.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mondello
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005410:Flame Ionization; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis; D006371:Helium / Q000032:analysis*; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005742:Gasoline; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D006371:Helium
keywords: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; Flame ionization detection; Flow modulation; Helium ionization detector