title: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene polymorphism and cardiovascular comorbidity in type 2 diabetes patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vascular disease. We hypothesized that MMP-2 might be a susceptibility gene for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between C(-1306)T functional polymorphism in the MMP-2 gene and risk of CVD in type 2 diabetes patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 1090 patients with T2DM and 612 controls. All subjects were genotyped for the C(-1306)T polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease of T allele frequency was observed in patients with CVD versus those with no CVD (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.36-0.52, p<0.0001). In contrast, OR for CC genotype was 2.19 (1.79-2.68, p<0.0001), conferring 2-fold greater odds for CVD. When the distribution of C(-1306)T was compared in subgroups with different clinical phenotypes of CVD, patients with stroke had the lowest frequency of T allele (6% vs. 11%), compared to entire CVD+ group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T2DM patients carrying the T allele of MMP-2 C(-1306)T polymorphism have a significantly reduced risk of CVD. The C(-1306)T polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to stroke in T2DM patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: monika.buraczynska@umlub.pl.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buraczynska
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dragan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buraczynska
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orlowska-Kowalik
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ksiazek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: C(−1306)T polymorphism; Cardiovascular disease; MMP-2; Risk allele; Type 2 diabetes