title: Changes in irradiance and energy density in relation to different curing distances.
abstract: The present study aimed to assess the influence of curing distance on the loss of irradiance and power density of four curing light devices. The behavior in terms of power density of four different dental curing devices was analyzed (Valo, Elipar 2, Radii-Cal, and Optilux-401) using three different distances of photopolymerization (0 mm, 4 mm, and 8 mm). All devices had their power density measured using a MARC simulator. Ten measurements were made per device at each distance. The total amount of energy delivered and the required curing time to achieve 16 J/cm(2) of energy was also calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). The curing distance significantly interfered with the loss of power density for all curing light devices, with the farthest distance generating the lowest power density and consequently the longer time to achieve an energy density of 16 J/cm(2) (p < 0.01). Comparison of devices showed that Valo, in extra power mode, showed the best results at all distances, followed by Valo in high power mode, Valo in standard mode, Elipar 2, Radii-Cal, and Optilux-401 halogen lamp (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that all curing lights induced a significant loss of irradiance and total energy when the light was emitted farther from the probe. The Valo device in extra power mode showed the highest power density and the shortest time to achieve an energy density of 16 J/cm(2) at all curing distances.
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Silva
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Beolchi
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cacio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moura-Netto
authors.affiliation: Universidade Paulista, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Miotto
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Palo
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rocha Gomes Torres
authors.affiliation: Département Dentisterie Restauratrice, Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pelissier
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D003748:Dental Equipment; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D058105:Polymerization / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D055618:Radiation Equipment and Supplies; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins