title: Predictors of subjective versus objective cognitive functioning in patients with stable grades II and III glioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies in cancer and noncancer populations demonstrate lower than expected correlations between subjective cognitive symptoms and cognitive functioning as determined by standardized neuropsychological tests. This paper systematically examines the association between subjective and objective cognitive functioning in patients with low-grade glioma and the associations of these indicators of cognitive function with clusters of sociodemographic, clinical, and self-reported physical and mental health factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple regression analyses with the subjective and 2 objective indicators of cognitive functioning as dependent variables and 4 clusters of predictor variables were conducted in 169 patients with predominantly low-grade glioma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations between the subjective and the 2 objective cognitive indicators were negligible (0.04) to low (0.24). Objective cognitive deficits were predominantly associated with sociodemographic (older age, lower education, male sex) and clinical (left hemisphere tumor) variables, while lower ratings of subjective cognitive function were more closely related to self-reported mental health symptoms (fatigue, lower mental well-being), physical (motor) dysfunction and female sex. Self-reported communication deficits were associated significantly with both subjective and objective dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend that both subjective and objective measures of cognitive functioning, together with a measure of psychological distress, be used for comprehensive neuropsychological assessments of patients with glioma to determine which areas are most affected and which specific intervention strategies are most appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Tilburg University, Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology , Tilburg , The Netherlands (K.G., M.M.S.); Medical Center Haaglanden, Department of Neurology , The Hague , The Netherlands (M.J.B.T.); VU University Medical Center, Department of Neurology , Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.B.T.); The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology , Amsterdam , The Netherlands (N.K.A.); Programme Group Clinical Psychology , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands (N.K.A.).
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gehring
authors.affiliation: Tilburg University, Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology , Tilburg , The Netherlands (K.G., M.M.S.); Medical Center Haaglanden, Department of Neurology , The Hague , The Netherlands (M.J.B.T.); VU University Medical Center, Department of Neurology , Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.B.T.); The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology , Amsterdam , The Netherlands (N.K.A.); Programme Group Clinical Psychology , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands (N.K.A.).
authors.forename: Martin J B
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taphoorn
authors.affiliation: Tilburg University, Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology , Tilburg , The Netherlands (K.G., M.M.S.); Medical Center Haaglanden, Department of Neurology , The Hague , The Netherlands (M.J.B.T.); VU University Medical Center, Department of Neurology , Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.B.T.); The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology , Amsterdam , The Netherlands (N.K.A.); Programme Group Clinical Psychology , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands (N.K.A.).
authors.forename: Margriet M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sitskoorn
authors.affiliation: Tilburg University, Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology , Tilburg , The Netherlands (K.G., M.M.S.); Medical Center Haaglanden, Department of Neurology , The Hague , The Netherlands (M.J.B.T.); VU University Medical Center, Department of Neurology , Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.B.T.); The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology , Amsterdam , The Netherlands (N.K.A.); Programme Group Clinical Psychology , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands (N.K.A.).
authors.forename: Neil K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Aaronson
keywords: cognitive function; glioma; mental health; predictors; self-reported cognitive symptoms