title: Normal values for water-perfused esophageal high-resolution manometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Normal values for water-perfused esophageal high-resolution manometry have still not been established in our environment, despite its generalized use and the recommendation to determine reference values for each Motility Unit based on their equipment. Normal values established with solid-state highresolution manometry are currently being used as reference values for water-perfused high-resolution manometry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To obtain normal values for water-perfused esophageal high-resolution manometry, based on the esophageal motility analysis of healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 healthy volunteers without history of digestive complaints or esophageal symptoms were included. 22-channel water-perfused high-resolution manometry was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal values were calculated as 5th-95th percentile ranges for the following parameters; upper esophageal sphincter resting pressure (UESRP) (40-195 mmHg); upper esophageal sphincter residual pressure (UESResP) (30-115 mmHg), contractile front velocity (CFV) (2.4-7.1 cm/s), distal contractile integral (DCI) (285-2820 mmHg.s.cm), distal contraction latency (DL) (6.1-10.9 s), intrabolus pressure (IBP) (7-19 mmHg), integrated relaxation pressure (IRP 4s) (2-20 mmHg), lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure(LESRP) (5-54 mmHg), esophageal shortening (Es) (0.3-1.3 cm) and lower esophageal sphincter lift (LESL) (0,1-1,2 cm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal values for the most important parameters (such as IRP 4s, DL and CFV), obtained using a 22-channel waterperfused system resemble previously published data from other perfusion devices. However, there exist small but significant variations compared with values established with solid-state highresolution manometry. Thus, when using water-perfused catheters, caution is required when normative values are used that were established with solid-state catheters.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burgos-Santamaría
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marinero
authors.forename: Carlos Miguel
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chavarría-Herbozo
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pérez-Fernández
authors.forename: Teresa R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: López-Salazar
authors.forename: Cecilio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D012016:Reference Values; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water