title: Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Streptococci are Gram-positive spherical bacteria (cocci) that characteristically form pairs and chains during growth. Some macrolide-resistant bacteria lack the proper receptor on the ribosome (through methylation of the rRNA). This may be under plasmid or chromosomal control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to study the prevalence of macrolide resistance among the isolate and evaluate the degree of resistance by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. And also to detect the phenotypic pattern of macrolide resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  All age group attending general medicine OPD and pediatric OPD with symptoms of respiratory and pyogenic infections are included in the study. Various samples are collected with detailed case history and processed for macrolide resistance among beta hemolytic Streptococci MIC method and D-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to our studies resistance pattern in Group A Streptococci by D-test, cMLS was 27.85%, iMLS was 13.92%, M-type was 55.69%, in GCS, cMLS was 17.6%, M-type was 82.35% In GGS, cMLS was 31.58%, iMLS was 10.53% and M-type was 57.89%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore by this study, we would like to highlight the necessity to do antibiotic sensitivity testing for all isolates, and limit the usage of antibiotics, whenever necessary and select the appropriate antibiotics for resistant strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Madha Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilakkiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Shabana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parveen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Madha Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: C Naveen
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Affiliated to Bharath University, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swathi
keywords: Macrolide-resistant; Streptococci; minimum inhibitory concentration and D-test