title: The Great Imitator in Endocrinology: A Painful Hypophysitis Mimicking a Pituitary Tumor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of syphilis has been increasing in recent decades in Western countries. Pituitary involvement is very unusual in syphilis. This infectious disease is not often considered in the workup of a patient with hypophysitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a 28-year-old man who was admitted for headaches worsening over 1 month that became resistant to paracetamol. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a heterogeneous pituitary mass suggesting a pituitary tumor. Hormonal investigations showed partial corticotropic and thyrotropic deficiencies. Headaches required high doses of morphine. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed, and histological examination revealed an aspect of hypophysitis. One month later, clinical reexamination showed skin and tongue lesions very suggestive of a syphilis infection, which was serologically confirmed. Immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections of the resected pituitary revealed an abundant presence of Treponema pallidum, confirming the diagnosis of a syphilitic hypophysitis. Intravenous therapy by benzylpenicillin for 14 days was rapidly efficient. Headaches stopped within a few days, and the skin and tongue lesions disappeared during the following month. Thyrotropic deficiency resolved in 2 weeks, but partial corticotropic deficiency persisted at 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first case of a pituitary involvement in acquired syphilis, pathologically proven, in a non-HIV-infected patient. In a context of the resurgence of syphilis, this diagnosis should be considered in the case of a pituitary lesion with unusually intense headaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases (L.B., G.J., J.B., L.G.), and Departments of Dermatology (C.V.H., N.D.) and Pathology (S.L.-R.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1016 (J.B., L.G., N.D.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Departments of Pathology (M.B.) and Neurosurgery (S.G.), Hôpital Foch, 92151 Suresnes, France; and Syphilis National Reference Center (N.D.), Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Léopoldine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bricaire
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases (L.B., G.J., J.B., L.G.), and Departments of Dermatology (C.V.H., N.D.) and Pathology (S.L.-R.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1016 (J.B., L.G., N.D.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Departments of Pathology (M.B.) and Neurosurgery (S.G.), Hôpital Foch, 92151 Suresnes, France; and Syphilis National Reference Center (N.D.), Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Clélia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Haecke
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases (L.B., G.J., J.B., L.G.), and Departments of Dermatology (C.V.H., N.D.) and Pathology (S.L.-R.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1016 (J.B., L.G., N.D.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Departments of Pathology (M.B.) and Neurosurgery (S.G.), Hôpital Foch, 92151 Suresnes, France; and Syphilis National Reference Center (N.D.), Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laurent-Roussel
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases (L.B., G.J., J.B., L.G.), and Departments of Dermatology (C.V.H., N.D.) and Pathology (S.L.-R.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1016 (J.B., L.G., N.D.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Departments of Pathology (M.B.) and Neurosurgery (S.G.), Hôpital Foch, 92151 Suresnes, France; and Syphilis National Reference Center (N.D.), Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases (L.B., G.J., J.B., L.G.), and Departments of Dermatology (C.V.H., N.D.) and Pathology (S.L.-R.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1016 (J.B., L.G., N.D.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Departments of Pathology (M.B.) and Neurosurgery (S.G.), Hôpital Foch, 92151 Suresnes, France; and Syphilis National Reference Center (N.D.), Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertherat
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases (L.B., G.J., J.B., L.G.), and Departments of Dermatology (C.V.H., N.D.) and Pathology (S.L.-R.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1016 (J.B., L.G., N.D.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Departments of Pathology (M.B.) and Neurosurgery (S.G.), Hôpital Foch, 92151 Suresnes, France; and Syphilis National Reference Center (N.D.), Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases (L.B., G.J., J.B., L.G.), and Departments of Dermatology (C.V.H., N.D.) and Pathology (S.L.-R.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1016 (J.B., L.G., N.D.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Departments of Pathology (M.B.) and Neurosurgery (S.G.), Hôpital Foch, 92151 Suresnes, France; and Syphilis National Reference Center (N.D.), Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases (L.B., G.J., J.B., L.G.), and Departments of Dermatology (C.V.H., N.D.) and Pathology (S.L.-R.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1016 (J.B., L.G., N.D.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Departments of Pathology (M.B.) and Neurosurgery (S.G.), Hôpital Foch, 92151 Suresnes, France; and Syphilis National Reference Center (N.D.), Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Groussin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases (L.B., G.J., J.B., L.G.), and Departments of Dermatology (C.V.H., N.D.) and Pathology (S.L.-R.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1016 (J.B., L.G., N.D.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Departments of Pathology (M.B.) and Neurosurgery (S.G.), Hôpital Foch, 92151 Suresnes, France; and Syphilis National Reference Center (N.D.), Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dupin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D051271:Headache Disorders, Secondary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009494:Neurosyphilis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*