title: The role of vagal nerve root injury on respiration disturbances in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether there is a relationship between vagal nerve root injury and the severity of respiration disorders associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on 20 rabbits. Experimental SAH was induced by injecting homologous blood into the cisterna magna. During the experiment, electrocardiography and respiratory rhythms were measured daily. After the experiment, any axonal injury or changes to the arterial nervorums of the vagal nerves were examined. All respiratory irregularities and vagal nerve degenerations were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal respiration rate, as measured in the control group, was 30 ± 6 bpm. In the SAH-induced group, respiration rates were initially 20 ± 4 bpm, increasing to 40 ± 9/min approximately ten hours later, with severe tachypneic and apneic variation. In histopathological examinations, axon density of vagal nerves was 28,500 ± 5,500 in both control and sham animals, whereas axon density was 22,250 ± 3,500 in survivors and 16,450 ± 2,750 in dead SAH animals. The severity of axonal degeneration of vagal nerves was greater in the six dead animals than in the survivors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If vagal nerves are lesioned, the muscles of respiration are paralyzed and respiratory reflexes are disrupted. That the ischemic and mechanical factors created by SAH cause vagal nerve root injury and respiration disorders may be inevitable and fatal.
authors.affiliation: Ataturk University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.forename: Mucahit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emet
authors.forename: Mehmet Dumlu
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onder
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D061223:Vagus Nerve Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*