title: Complementary phenol-enriched olive oil improves HDL characteristics in hypercholesterolemic subjects. A randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial. The VOHF study.
abstract: METHODS
  Consumption of olive oil (OO) phenolic compounds (PCs) has beneficial effects on lipid profile. HDL functionality is currently considered to be a more important issue than its circulating quantity. Our aim was to assess whether functional virgin olive oils (FVOOs), one enriched with its own PC (500 ppm; FVOO) and another with OOPC (250 ppm) plus additional complementary PCs from thyme (250 ppm) (total: 500 ppm; FVOOT (functional virgin olive oil with thyme)), could improve HDL functionality related properties versus a virgin OO control (80 ppm; VOO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic volunteers received 25 mL/day of VOO, FVOO, and FVOOT during 3 wk. HDL cholesterol increased 5.74% (p < 0.05) versus its baseline after the FVOOT consumption in the participants without hypolipidemic medication. We detected, after FVOOT consumption, an increase in HDL2 -subclass (34.45, SD = 6.38) versus VOO intake (32.73, SD = 6.71). An increment in esterified cholesterol/free cholesterol and phospholipids/free cholesterol in HDL was observed after FVOOT consumption (1.73, SD = 0.56; 5.44, SD = 1.39) compared with VOO intervention (1.53, SD = 0.35; 4.97, SD = 0.81) and FVOO intervention (1.50, SD = 0.33; 4.97, SD = 0.81). Accordingly, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase mass increased after FVOOT consumption (1228 μg/mL, SD = 130), compared with VOO consumption (1160 μg/mL, SD = 144). An improvement in HDL oxidative-status was reflected after FVOOT consumption versus its baseline, given an increment in the paraoxonase activity (118 × 10(3) U/L, SD = 24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FVOOT improves HDL-subclass distribution and composition, and metabolism/antioxidant enzyme activities. FVOOT could be a useful dietary tool in the management of high cardiovascular risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farràs
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Castañer
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martín-Peláez
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Hernáez
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.affiliation: CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Subirana
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Aguayo
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sònia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaixas
authors.affiliation: CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael de la
authors.initials: Rde L
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.affiliation: Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Magí
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farré
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubió
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Óscar
authors.initials: Ó
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosis, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández-Castillejo
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosis, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solà
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Motilva
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitó
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Functional virgin olive oil; HDL composition; HDL subclass; Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT); Paraoxonase/arylesterase (PON)