title: Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of albendazole sulfoxide in sheep and goats, and dose-dependent plasma disposition in goats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to compare the pharmacokinetics of albendazole sulfoxide (ABZ-SO, ricobendazole) in goats and sheep at a dose of 5 g/kg bodyweight (BW), after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations, and to investigate the effects of increased doses (10 and 15 mg/kg BW) on the plasma disposition of ABZ-SO in goats following SC administration. A total of 16 goats (Capra aegagrus hircus, eight males and eight females) and 8 sheep (Ovis aries, four males and four females) 12-16 months old and weighing 20-32 kg, were used. The study was designed according to two-phase crossover study protocol. In Phase-1, eight sheep were assigned as Group I and 16 goats were allocated into two groups (Group II and Group III). ABZ-SO was applied to Group I (sheep) and Group II (goats) animals subcutaneously, and to Group III (goats) animals intravenously, all at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg BW. In Phase-2, the sheep in the Group I received ABZ-SO intravenously in a dose of 5 mg/kg BW; the goats in Group II and Group III received ABZ-SO subcutaneously at a dose of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg BW, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at different times between 1 and 120 h after drug administrations. The plasma concentrations of ABZ-SO and its metabolites were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In goats, the area under the curve, terminal half-life and plasma persistence of ABZ-SO were significantly smaller and shorter, respectively, compared with those observed in sheep following both IV and SC administrations at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW. On the other side, dose-dependent plasma dispositions of ABZ-SO were observed following SC administration at increased doses (10 and 15 mg/kg) in goats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consequently, ABZ-SO might be used at higher doses to provide higher plasma concentration and thus to achieve greater efficacy against the target parasites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey. dilekaksit@balikesir.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aksit
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey. hyalinkilinc@adu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Hande Sultan
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yalinkilinc
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey. ssekkin@adu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey. mboyacioglu@adu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boyacioğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey. vcirak@uludag.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Veli Yilgor
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Cirak
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. erolayaz68@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey. cengizgokbulut@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gokbulut
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D015766:Albendazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006207:Half-Life; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D012756:Sheep / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D015766:Albendazole; C027186:albendazole sulfoxide