title: Study of the influence of the orientation of a 50-Hz magnetic field on fetal exposure using polynomial chaos decomposition.
abstract: Human exposure modelling is a complex topic, because in a realistic exposure scenario, several parameters (e.g., the source, the orientation of incident fields, the morphology of subjects) vary and influence the dose. Deterministic dosimetry, so far used to analyze human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), is highly time consuming if the previously-mentioned variations are considered. Stochastic dosimetry is an alternative method to build analytical approximations of exposure at a lower computational cost. In this study, it was used to assess the influence of magnetic flux density (B) orientation on fetal exposure at 50 Hz by polynomial chaos (PC). A PC expansion of induced electric field (E) in each fetal tissue at different gestational ages (GA) was built as a function of B orientation. Maximum E in each fetal tissue and at each GA was estimated for different exposure configurations and compared with the limits of the International Commission of Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) Guidelines 2010. PC theory resulted in an efficient tool to build accurate approximations of E in each fetal tissue. B orientation strongly influenced E, with a variability across tissues from 10% to 43% with respect to the mean value. However, varying B orientation, maximum E in each fetal tissue was below the limits of ICNIRP 2010 at all GAs.
authors.affiliation: CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni IEIIT, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy. ilaria.liorni@ieiit.cnr.it.|Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy. ilaria.liorni@ieiit.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liorni
authors.affiliation: CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni IEIIT, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy. marta.parazzini@ieiit.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parazzini
authors.affiliation: CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni IEIIT, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy. serena.fiocchi@ieiit.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiocchi
authors.affiliation: CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni IEIIT, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy. paolo.ravazzani@ieiit.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravazzani
mesh_terms: D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011829:Radiation Dosage
keywords: ELF-MF exposure; fetus; polynomial chaos; stochastic dosimetry