title: Readiness to Implement an Evidence-Based Psychotherapy: Perspectives of Community Mental Health Clinicians and Administrators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using evidence-based psychotherapies in community mental health clinics could significantly improve patient functioning. This study explored perceived facilitators and barriers related to implementing interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT), an evidence-based psychotherapy for bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted 30-minute semistructured interviews with clinic administrators, supervisors, and clinicians from five community mental health clinics focusing on anticipated barriers and facilitators related to implementing IPSRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen participants (four administrators, three supervisors, and ten clinicians) completed the interviews. Important barriers to effective implementation included frequent client no-shows, difficulties transitioning from training to practice, and time constraints. Facilitators included support from supervisors and other clinicians, decreased productivity requirements or compensation for time spent while learning IPSRT, and reference materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administrators and clinicians expressed similar beliefs about facilitators and barriers related to implementing IPSRT. The challenge of high no-show rates was not identified as a barrier in previous research.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Hamm and Ms. Williams are with the Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ms. Nikolajski is with the Center for High-Value Health Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh. Ms. Celedonia and Dr. Stein are with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh. Dr. Stein is also with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, where Dr. Frank and Dr. Swartz are affiliated. Dr. Zickmund is with the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh. Send correspondence to Dr. Stein (e-mail: stein@rand.org ).
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.affiliation: Dr. Hamm and Ms. Williams are with the Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ms. Nikolajski is with the Center for High-Value Health Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh. Ms. Celedonia and Dr. Stein are with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh. Dr. Stein is also with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, where Dr. Frank and Dr. Swartz are affiliated. Dr. Zickmund is with the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh. Send correspondence to Dr. Stein (e-mail: stein@rand.org ).
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Dr. Hamm and Ms. Williams are with the Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ms. Nikolajski is with the Center for High-Value Health Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh. Ms. Celedonia and Dr. Stein are with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh. Dr. Stein is also with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, where Dr. Frank and Dr. Swartz are affiliated. Dr. Zickmund is with the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh. Send correspondence to Dr. Stein (e-mail: stein@rand.org ).
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nikolajski
authors.affiliation: Dr. Hamm and Ms. Williams are with the Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ms. Nikolajski is with the Center for High-Value Health Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh. Ms. Celedonia and Dr. Stein are with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh. Dr. Stein is also with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, where Dr. Frank and Dr. Swartz are affiliated. Dr. Zickmund is with the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh. Send correspondence to Dr. Stein (e-mail: stein@rand.org ).
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Celedonia
authors.affiliation: Dr. Hamm and Ms. Williams are with the Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ms. Nikolajski is with the Center for High-Value Health Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh. Ms. Celedonia and Dr. Stein are with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh. Dr. Stein is also with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, where Dr. Frank and Dr. Swartz are affiliated. Dr. Zickmund is with the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh. Send correspondence to Dr. Stein (e-mail: stein@rand.org ).
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Dr. Hamm and Ms. Williams are with the Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ms. Nikolajski is with the Center for High-Value Health Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh. Ms. Celedonia and Dr. Stein are with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh. Dr. Stein is also with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, where Dr. Frank and Dr. Swartz are affiliated. Dr. Zickmund is with the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh. Send correspondence to Dr. Stein (e-mail: stein@rand.org ).
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.affiliation: Dr. Hamm and Ms. Williams are with the Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ms. Nikolajski is with the Center for High-Value Health Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh. Ms. Celedonia and Dr. Stein are with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh. Dr. Stein is also with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, where Dr. Frank and Dr. Swartz are affiliated. Dr. Zickmund is with the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh. Send correspondence to Dr. Stein (e-mail: stein@rand.org ).
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zickmund
authors.affiliation: Dr. Hamm and Ms. Williams are with the Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ms. Nikolajski is with the Center for High-Value Health Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh. Ms. Celedonia and Dr. Stein are with RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh. Dr. Stein is also with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, where Dr. Frank and Dr. Swartz are affiliated. Dr. Zickmund is with the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh. Send correspondence to Dr. Stein (e-mail: stein@rand.org ).
authors.forename: Bradley D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research