title: Leadership style and patient safety: implications for nurse managers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between nurse manager (NM) leadership style and safety climate.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nursing leaders are needed who will change the environment and increase patient safety. Hospital NMs are positioned to impact day-to-day operations. Therefore, it is essential to inform nurse executives regarding the impact of leadership style on patient safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive correlational study was conducted in 41 nursing departments across 9 hospitals. The hospital unit safety climate survey and multifactorial leadership questionnaire were completed by 466 staff nurses. Bivariate and regression analyses were conducted to determine how well leadership style predicted safety climate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transformational leadership style was demonstrated as a positive contributor to safety climate, whereas laissez-faire leadership style was shown to negatively contribute to unit socialization and a culture of blame.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing leaders must concentrate on developing transformational leadership skills while also diminishing negative leadership styles.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliation: Assistant Professor, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
authors.forename: Katreena Collette
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Merrill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D061214:Patient Safety; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States