title: Lutein suppresses inflammatory responses through Nrf2 activation and NF-κB inactivation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglia.
abstract: METHODS
  In this study, the effects of lutein on neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The production of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide was measured in culture medium using enzyme immunoassay and Griess reagent, respectively. The expression of proteins was determined using Western blot. Pretreatment with lutein (50 μM) prior to LPS (1 μg/mL, 12 h) stimulation resulted in a significant inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide production (p < 0.05). Further experiments demonstrated that lutein suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt kinase (p < 0.05). Moreover, lutein markedly quenched reactive oxygen species and promoted antioxidant protein expression including heme oxygenase-1 and
  quinone oxidoreductase by enhancing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mediated NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that lutein attenuates neuroinflammation in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia partly through inhibiting p38-, JNK-, and Akt-stimulated NF-κB activation and promoting ERK-induced Nrf2 activation, suggesting that lutein has great potential as a nutritional preventive strategy in inflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Wanqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Yuelian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Yawen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
authors.forename: Xuebo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014975:Lutein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D014975:Lutein
keywords: Lutein; Microglia; NF-κB; Neuroinflammation; Nrf2