title: Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage after alcohol ingestion and illicit use of sildenafil.
abstract: Sildenafil is a drug used in the treatment of male impotence. Few cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage following the use of sildenafil have been cited in the literature. A 42-year-old man was admitted to the emergency outpatient clinic of İstanbul Educational and Research Hospital after sudden loss of consciousness. He had ingested alcohol, taken 50mg sildenafil and had sexual intercourse. Non-contrast cranial tomography revealed an intracerebral hematoma with extension to the ventricles. Sildenafil is a selective phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme inhibitor. With the inhibition of PDE-5, the amount of cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP) in the smooth vascular muscle cells in the corpus cavernosum increases, leading to a relaxation of muscles and vasodilatation. Studies have shown that the NO-c-GMP pathway leads to cerebral vasodilatation with a similar mechanism. The literature has shown that the effect of PDE-1 and PDE-2 on cerebral bleeding control is affected by sildenafil. This increased blood flow increases the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Although data concerning the presentation of intracerebral hematoma in connection with the combined use of alcohol ingestion and use of sildenafil is inadequate, it can nevertheless be thought that the combined use increases the risk of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and caution is in order concerning the matter.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Research and Education Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Veysel
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Antar
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sutpideler
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.forename: Gorkem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bitirak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D000431:Ethanol; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate