title: Cryopreservation of gemmae of Marchantia polymorpha L. (Marchantiophyta, Marchantiaceae) without prior pretreatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Successful cryopreservation of gametophytic material of bryophytes requires pretreatment with sucrose or abscisic acid. Compared to gametophyte materials, spore and gemmae cryopreservation may be more efficient, simple and stable systems for storing large amounts of genetic diversity of bryophytes within a small space. However, there has still been no attempt at cryopreserving bryophyte gemmae.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to determine whether bryophyte gemmae with differing levels of desiccation tolerance could survive and germinate after cryopreservation without prior encapsulation and pretreatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gemmae of Marchantia polymorpha L. were dried with silica gel for different times and then rapidly cooled in liquid nitrogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The germination level of fresh gemmae was 95 % After 3 h predrying and 1 d in LN, germination was 68 % and was still up to 59 % after storage for 75 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the natural desiccation tolerance of bryophyte gemmae permits cryopreservation without prior pretreatment other than drying.
authors.affiliation: Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Z Z
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: T Z
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: Q P
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai China.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003890:Desiccation / Q000379:methods*; D055993:Germ Cells, Plant / Q000254:growth & development*; D018525:Germination; D047008:Marchantia / Q000254:growth & development*