title: Unraveling predictors affecting compliance to MRI in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive, noninvasive and widely available technique for studying Parkinson's disease (PD) from both research and clinical perspective. Several issues may physically impede execution of MRI. Moreover, the severity of motor or non-motor symptoms of PD might reduce compliance to MRI. Here we investigated predictors affecting compliance to MRI in PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred-thirty-six PD patients underwent clinical, neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric investigations. Accordingly to their ability/inability to perform MRI scan, they were divided into 3 groups. Forty-two patients had physical incompatibility to MRI (PI); 51 patients refused to undergo scan during the MRI evaluation session (RR); 143 patients accepted to undergo and successfully completed MRI (SP). Multivariate/Univariate Analyses of Variance, followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc comparisons, were used to assess differences among groups. To identify predictors of compliance to MRI scan in the whole PD sample (SP vs. RR + PI) we carried out a logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PI subjects were significantly older, had higher UPRDRS-III score, received lower daily dopamine agonist doses, and displayed worse cognitive performances than SP. RR subjects had significantly higher anxiety severity than SP. Lower daily dopamine agonist equivalents and higher anxiety scores were the significant whole predictors of not compliance to MRI in the logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that demographic, neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric features may limit compliance to MRI in PD, and provide valuable aid for setting and interpreting research and clinical MRI studies in PD.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cacciari
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs - NESMOS, "Sapienza" University, Movement Disorder Service, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Clelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pellicano
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; Alzheimer Center - Hospital ''G. Casati'', Via Settembrini, 1, Passirana di Rho, 20017 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cravello
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Assogna
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piras
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paravia
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gili
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iorio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine of Systems, University "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine of Systems, University "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierantozzi
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine of Systems, University "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caltagirone
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs - NESMOS, "Sapienza" University, Movement Disorder Service, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Pontieri
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, 77030 Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: g.spalletta@hsantalucia.it.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spalletta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents
keywords: Anxiety; Cognition; MRI; Parkinson's disease