title: The management and outcome of open fractures of the femur sustained on the battlefield over a ten-year period.
abstract: This is a retrospective study of survivors of recent conflicts with an open fracture of the femur. We analysed the records of 48 patients (48 fractures) and assessed the outcome. The median follow up for 47 patients (98%) was 37 months (interquartile range 19 to 53); 31 (66%) achieved union; 16 (34%) had a revision procedure, two of which were transfemoral amputation (4%). The New Injury Severity Score, the method of fixation, infection and the requirement for soft-tissue cover were not associated with a poor outcome. The degree of bone loss was strongly associated with a poor outcome (p = 0.00204). A total of four patients developed an infection; two with S. aureus, one with E. coli and one with A. baumannii. This study shows that, compared with historical experience, outcomes after open fractures of the femur sustained on the battlefield are good, with no mortality and low rates of infection and late amputation. The degree of bone loss is closely associated with a poor outcome.
authors.affiliation: Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, ICT Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2SQ, UK.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, ICT Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2SQ, UK.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Sargeant
authors.affiliation: 42 Commando Royal Marines, Bickleigh Barracks, Plymouth, Devon, UK.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Myatt
authors.affiliation: Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, ICT Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2SQ, UK.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Penn-Barwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Combat; Femur; Infection; Military; Open fractures; War; Wounds and injuries