title: Toward smart implant synthesis: bonding bioceramics of different resorbability to match bone growth rates.
abstract: Craniofacial reconstructive surgery requires a bioactive bone implant capable to provide a gradual resorbability and to adjust to the kinetics of new bone formation during healing. Biomaterials made of calcium phosphate or bioactive glasses are currently available, mainly as bone defect fillers, but it is still required a versatile processing technique to fabricate composition-gradient bioceramics for application as controlled resorption implants. Here it is reported the application of rapid prototyping based on laser cladding to produce three-dimensional bioceramic implants comprising of a calcium phosphate inner core, with moderate in vitro degradation at physiological pH, surrounded by a bioactive glass outer layer of higher degradability. Each component of the implant is validated in terms of chemical and physical properties, and absence of toxicity. Pre-osteoblastic cell adhesion and proliferation assays reveal the adherence and growth of new bone cells on the material. This technique affords implants with gradual-resorbability for restoration of low-load-bearing bone.
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Comesaña
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lusquiños
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del Val
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quintero
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riveiro
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boutinguiza
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Julian R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Unit of Dental and Physical Sciences, Barts and the London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pou
mesh_terms: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002516:Ceramics; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D007834:Lasers; D008422:Materials Testing; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate