title: Comparison of the Effect of Pre-operative Single Oral Dose of Tramadol and Famotidine on Gastric Secretions pH and Volume in Patients Scheduled for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the effects of pre-operative single oral dose of tramadol and famotidine on gastric secretions pH and volume in patients electively scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized control trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Anaesthesia, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from August 2011 to June 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety adult, ASA-I and II patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive pre-operatively either placebo (Group-C, n=30), oral tramadol 100 mg (Group-T, n=30) or famotidine 40 mg (Group-F, n=30). After induction of general anaesthesia, gastric fluid was aspirated through orogastric tube. The gastric secretions volume and pH was measured using pH meter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically difference between groups in age, weight and gender. The gastric secretions mean pH was 2.06 ± 0.22,2.04 ± 0.20, 5.79 ± 0.77 and volume was 0.59 ± 0.17, 0.59 ± 0.14 and 0.28 ± 0.16 ml/kg in Group-C, Group-T and Group-F respectively. There was a significant statistical difference in the mean pH values between Group-C vs. Group-F (p < 0.001) and Group-T vs. Group-F (p < 0.001). Statistically significant difference was also found in the mean gastric secretions volume between Group - C vs. Group-F (p < 0.001) and Group-T vs. Group-F (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean gastric fluid pH values (p=0.99) and mean gastric secretions volume (p=0.99) between Group-T and Group-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As compared to famotidine, pre-operative single oral dose of tramadol was unable to elevate the desired level of gastric fluid pH (> 2.5) and decrease in gastric secretions volume (< 0.4 ml/kg).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mueen Ullah
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mansoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aqil
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Altaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Tariq Al
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Zahrani
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hillis
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D015738:Famotidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000187:drug effects*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D019990:Perioperative Care; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D014147:Tramadol; D015738:Famotidine