title: Fabrication of chitosan microspheres using vanillin/TPP dual crosslinkers for protein antigens encapsulation.
abstract: Microspheres were prepared from water soluble chitosan using dual vanillin/TPP crosslinkers. Placebo (C1), Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (C2), monovalent tetanus toxoid (TT) (C3) and divalent tetanus (TT) and diphtheria toxoids (DT) (C4) encapsulated microspheres were studied in terms of size (1-4 μm), encapsulation efficiency (75-80%), swelling and mucoadhesion (56-68%). FT-IR, TGA, XRD and SEM characterization of microspheres suggested specific interaction, more thermal stability, amorphous nature and rough surfaces of encapsulated microspheres. EDS confirmed the co-crosslinking and ninhydrin tests were showing higher crosslinking density. Zeta potential was 47.7 to 66.2 +mV indicating the potential stability of the colloidal system. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms described encapsulated microspheres followed the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption of the mucin on microspheres. In-vitro release studies up to four weeks indicated zero order kinetics and obeyed swelling-controlled super case II transport release mechanism. Thus, the present study could be helpful in developing the multivalent oral vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune 411007, India.
authors.forename: Shilratna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walke
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune 411007, India.
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune 411007, India.
authors.forename: Milind
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikalje
authors.affiliation: Toxoid Purification Department, Serum Institute of India Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India.
authors.forename: Jignesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.affiliation: Toxoid Purification Department, Serum Institute of India Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Toxoid Purification Department, Serum Institute of India Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India.
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravetkar
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune 411007, India. Electronic address: pdoshi@chem.unipune.ac.in.
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doshi
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry*; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008863:Microspheres; D009077:Mucins / Q000737:chemistry; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D009077:Mucins; D011122:Polyphosphates; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D048271:Chitosan; C100058:vanillin; C005692:triphosphoric acid
keywords: Co-crosslinking; Microspheres; Protein antigens; TPP; Vanillin; Water soluble chitosan