title: The Effect of Pre-Condition Cerebella Fastigial Nucleus Electrical Stimulation within and beyond the Time Window of Thrombolytic on Ischemic Stroke in the Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of neurogenic neuroprotection conferred by cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) and the role of PPARγ-mediated inflammation in a rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a continuous 1 hour fastigial nucleus electric stimulation, the male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were given middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours undergoing reperfusion with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), while the control group received without FNS. After 72 h of reperfusion, the neurological deficits, infarct volume and brain edema were evaluated. The brain tissue in ischemic penumbra was determined the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by a spectrophotometer and expression of PPARγ was measured by Rt-PCR and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings showed that FNS group had significantly reduced infarct volume and brain edema, and improved neurological deficits compared with the control group, especially in 6 h and 9 h reperfusion subgroups (p<0.05). The expression levels of PPARγ increased gradually and the peak may be before and after 9 h reperfusion, the 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h and 15 h reperfusion subgroups were higher than each control group (p<0.05). The MPO activity of 6 h, 12 h and 15 h reperfusion subgroups were higher than each control group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The neuroprotective effects of FNS have been shown to prolong the therapeutic window in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, which might be related to the PPARγ mediated-inflammation in penumbral region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Weiju
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Shunjie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xiuying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002529:Cerebellar Nuclei / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000379:methods; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D009195:Peroxidase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator