title: Predicting the digestible energy of corn determined with growing swine from nutrient composition and cross-species measurements.
abstract: The DE values of corn grain for pigs will differ among corn sources. More accurate prediction of DE may improve diet formulation and reduce diet cost. Corn grain sources ( = 83) were assayed with growing swine (20 kg) in DE experiments with total collection of feces, with 3-wk-old broiler chick in nitrogen-corrected apparent ME (AME) trials and with cecectomized adult roosters in nitrogen-corrected true ME (TME) studies. Additional AME data for the corn grain source set was generated based on an existing near-infrared transmittance prediction model (near-infrared transmittance-predicted AME [NIT-AME]). Corn source nutrient composition was determined by wet chemistry methods. These data were then used to 1) test the accuracy of predicting swine DE of individual corn sources based on available literature equations and nutrient composition and 2) develop models for predicting DE of sources from nutrient composition and the cross-species information gathered above (AME, NIT-AME, and TME). The overall measured DE, AME, NIT-AME, and TME values were 4,105 ± 11, 4,006 ± 10, 4,004 ± 10, and 4,086 ± 12 kcal/kg DM, respectively. Prediction models were developed using 80% of the corn grain sources; the remaining 20% was reserved for validation of the developed prediction equation. Literature equations based on nutrient composition proved imprecise for predicting corn DE; the root mean square error of prediction ranged from 105 to 331 kcal/kg, an equivalent of 2.6 to 8.8% error. Yet among the corn composition traits, 4-variable models developed in the current study provided adequate prediction of DE (model ranging from 0.76 to 0.79 and root mean square error [RMSE] of 50 kcal/kg). When prediction equations were tested using the validation set, these models had a 1 to 1.2% error of prediction. Simple linear equations from AME, NIT-AME, or TME provided an accurate prediction of DE for individual sources ( ranged from 0.65 to 0.73 and RMSE ranged from 50 to 61 kcal/kg). Percentage error of prediction based on the validation data set was greater (1.4%) for the TME model than for the NIT-AME or AME models (1 and 1.2%, respectively), indicating that swine DE values could be accurately predicted by using AME or NIT-AME. In conclusion, regression equations developed from broiler measurements or from analyzed nutrient composition proved adequate to reliably predict the DE of commercially available corn hybrids for growing pigs.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hinds
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sauber
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iiams
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sevenich
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McNaughton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parsons
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen