title: Repletion of Iron Stores With the Use of Oral Iron Supplementation in Patients With Systolic Heart Failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iron deficiency is associated with reduced functional capacity and increased mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Correction of iron deficiency in HFrEF patients with the use of intravenous iron improves symptoms, quality of life, and exercise performance. Whether oral iron improves iron stores in HFrEF patients is unknown. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the efficacy of oral iron supplementation in iron-deficient HFrEF patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Iron-deficient HFrEF patients with a record of oral iron supplementation and iron studies before and ∼180 days after supplementation were identified. Iron deficiency was defined as ferritin <100 ng/mL or as ferritin 100-300 ng/mL with transferrin saturation (Tsat) <20%. Spearman correlation was performed to assess for treatment responsiveness. In 105 patients, ferritin (from median 39 ng/mL to 75 ng/mL), Tsat (from 10% to 21%), iron (from 34 μg/dL to 69 μg/dL), and hemoglobin (from 10.4 g/dL to 11.6 g/dL) values increased (P < .0001), whereas total iron-binding capacity decreased (from 343 to 313 μg/dL; P = .0007) at 164 days after initiation of oral iron supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this retrospective study, oral iron supplementation improved iron stores similarly to previously reported results with the use of intravenous iron repletion in HFrEF patients, suggesting that oral iron merits prospective evaluation as an intervention strategy in HFrEF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Emily D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Niehaus
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cocca-Spofford
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semigran
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Electronic address: glewis@partners.org.
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006397:Hematinics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006397:Hematinics; D014168:Transferrin; D005293:Ferritins
keywords: Heart failure; anemia; iron deficiency; iron supplementation