title: Toll like receptors and pancreatic diseases: From a pathogenetic mechanism to a therapeutic target.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate interactions between environmental stimuli and innate immunity. TLRs play a major role in the development of numerous pancreatic diseases, making these molecules attractive as potential therapeutic targets. TLR2, TLR7 and TLR9 are involved in the initiation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), whereas TLR2 and TLR4 play a major role in the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, TLRs cause derangements in several tumor suppressor proteins (such as p16, p21, p27, p53 and pRb), induce STAT3 activation and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as oncogene-induced senescence. In this review we will focus on the contribution of TLRs in pancreatic disease including cancer and we describe recent progress in TLR-modulation for the treatment of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: mattymo@alice.it.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: k.andrikou@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kalliopi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andrikou
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: valeria.sotte@mail.com.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sotte
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: alebitto@tiscali.it.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bittoni
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: andrealanese@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanese
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: chiarapellei@libero.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pellei
authors.affiliation: Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy. Electronic address: fpiva@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: alessandro83conti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy. Electronic address: massimo.nabissi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nabissi
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy. Electronic address: giorgio.santoni@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: s.cascinu@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cascinu
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: Diabetes; Inflammation; Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; Pancreatitis; Toll like receptors