title: Sonodynamic effect of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to perform a histological evaluation of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on artificially induced periodontal disease in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Submerging ligatures were placed at the subgingival region of the first maxillary molar in rats. Eighty rats were randomly assigned into four groups: group 1 received no treatment; group 2 was subjected to 50 μg/mL HMME alone; group 3 was treated with low-intensity ultrasound alone (1 W/cm(2)); and group 4 was treated with 50 μg/mL HMME plus ultrasound irradiation (1 MHz, 30 minutes). Ten rats in each group were euthanized at 7 and 15 days, and periodontal tissue samples were taken for histological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The animals treated by SDT showed less bone loss (P<0.05) at all experimental periods than the other three groups. No significant differences were found between the control and HMME groups (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that HMME-mediated SDT can effectively alleviate the periodontal tissue destruction in artificially induced periodontitis in rats. Hence, SDT may have good clinic potential as a noninvasive treatment of periodontal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Deshu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jialong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liangjia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yueping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China ; Department of Mathematics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Wenwu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D006415:Hematoporphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014096:Tooth, Supernumerary / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D006415:Hematoporphyrins; C494379:hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether
keywords: alveolar bone loss; animal studies; histology; periodontal tissues; sonodynamic therapy