title: Diabetic foot disease is associated with reduced erythrocyte deformability.
abstract: The pathogenesis of diabetic foot disease is multifactorial and encompasses microvascular and macrovascular pathologies. Abnormal blood rheology may also play a part in its development. Using a cell flow analyser (CFA), we examined the association between erythrocyte deformability and diabetic foot disease. Erythrocytes from diabetic patients with no known microvascular complications (n = 11) and patients suffering from a diabetic foot ulcer (n = 11) were isolated and their average elongation ratio (ER) as well as the ER distribution curve were measured. Average ER was decreased in the diabetic foot patients compared with the patients with diabetes and no complications (1·64 ± 0·07 versus 1·71 ± 0·1; P = 0·036). A significant rise in the percentage of minimally deformable red blood cells RBCs in diabetic foot patients compared with the patients with no complications was observed (37·89% ± 8·12% versus 30·61% ± 10·17%; P = 0·039) accompanied by a significant decrease in the percentage of highly deformable RBCs (12·47% ± 4·43% versus 17·49% ± 8·17% P = 0·046). Reduced erythrocyte deformability may slow capillary flow in the microvasculature and prolong wound healing in diabetic foot patients. Conversely, it may be the low-grade inflammatory state imposed by diabetic foot disease that reduces erythrocyte deformability. Further study of the rheological changes associated with diabetic foot disease may enhance our understanding of its pathogenesis and aid in the study of novel therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: The Diabetes Research Center, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.|Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism Service, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Avivit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cahn
authors.affiliation: The Diabetes Research Center, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Livshits
authors.affiliation: The Diabetes Research Center, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srulevich
authors.affiliation: The Diabetes Research Center, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Itamar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Shaul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yedgar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barshtein
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D017719:Diabetic Foot; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability; D004912:Erythrocytes; D006801:Humans; D012212:Rheology
keywords: Cell flow analyser; Diabetic foot; Erythrocyte deformability