title: The effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in total hip or knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of 2720 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). The specific endpoints assessed in this meta-analysis include the total blood loss, the incidence rate of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolisms (PE), the number of patients requiring at least 1 U of red blood cell following surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of THA and TKA is increasing and both are usually accompanied by considerable blood loss. TXA has been reported to reduce total blood loss in many orthopaedic surgeries. TXA administration continues to be a controversial topic in the literature about joint arthroplasty, and many studies have reported substantial doubt with respect to its benefits and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a meta-analysis that combined all data from available randomised controlled trials, regardless the methods of TXA administration, which included administrated intravenously, intra-articularly, topically or orally. Finally, available data from the 39 included trials were pooled for analysis. Then, mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated for continuous outcomes and relative risks with 95% CIs for dichotomous outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This meta-analysis suggests that the administration of TXA significantly reduced blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood transfusion, without apparent increased risk of DVT or PE thromboembolic complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this meta-analysis is more powerful and persuasive than any other published before. It suggests that the use of TXA reduced the risk of blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood transfusion significantly, without apparent increased risk of DVT or PE complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Union Medicine Centre of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Union Medicine Centre of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014148:Tranexamic Acid
keywords: meta-analysis; total hip arthroplasty; total knee arthroplasty; tranexamic acid