title: The PM10 fraction of road dust in the UK and India: Characterization, source profiles and oxidative potential.
abstract: Most studies of road dust composition have sampled a very wide range of particle sizes, but from the perspective of respiratory exposure to resuspended dusts, it is the PM10 fraction which is of most importance. The PM10 fraction of road dust samples was collected at two sites in Birmingham, UK (major highway and road tunnel) and one site in New Delhi, India. Dust loadings were found to be much higher for New Delhi compared to Birmingham, while concentrations of several species were much higher in the case of Birmingham. Detailed chemical source profiles were prepared for both cities and previously generated empirical factors for source attribution to brake wear, tyre wear, and crustal dust were successfully applied to the UK sites. However, 100% of the mass for the Indian site could not be accounted for using these factors. This study highlights the need for generation of local empirical estimation factors for non-exhaust vehicle emissions. A limited number of bulk road dust and brake pad samples were also characterized. Oxidative potential (OP) was also determined for a limited number of PM10 and bulk road dust samples, and Cu was found to be a factor significantly associated with OP in PM10 and bulk road dust.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Environmental Sciences Division, Central Road Research Institute, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maikawa
authors.affiliation: Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Krystal J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Godri Pollitt
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Electronic address: r.m.harrison@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Roy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007194:India; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D006113:United Kingdom; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Non-exhaust emissions; Oxidative potential; Road dust; Source apportionment; Source profile