title: Behavioral health symptoms associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a critical review of the literature and recommendations for treatment and research.
abstract: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that has been linked to serious psychiatric symptoms, including depression, aggression, and suicidal behavior. This review critically examines the extant research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE and concludes that the paucity of longitudinal prospective studies on CTE, combined with a lack of research-accepted diagnostic criteria for identifying individuals who are considered at risk for CTE, makes it difficult to reliably establish a causal relationship between CTE and the onset of behavioral health problems. Selection and reporting bias and inconsistency in data collection methods are other concerns. To advance the field, there is a critical need for more empirical research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE. Recommendations and intervention models are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Antonius
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: Nickie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Picano
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinds
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cogswell
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: Josie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olympia
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: Tori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DiGiacomo
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Willer
authors.affiliation: From the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, (DA, NM, JP, AH, AC, JO, TB, MD, JB, BW, JL); Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo, NY (DA); and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, (DA).
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leddy
mesh_terms: D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D019468:Disease Management; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans