title: Incidence of delayed angiographic femoral artery complications using the EXOSEAL vascular closure device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Femoral artery injuries are known complications of percutaneous vascular closure devices (VCDs). We studied the incidence of delayed femoral artery angiographic irregularities after neurointerventional procedures in which the EXOSEAL extravascular closure device was used for femoral arterial puncture closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients who underwent femoral arterial puncture closures with an EXOSEAL VCD and had a follow-up femoral artery angiogram from June 2012 through August 2013 were reviewed. A blinded radiologist compared pre-deployment and follow-up femoral arteriograms for the presence of femoral artery stenosis, dissection, pseudoaneurysm, or development of an arteriovenous fistula. Hospital records were reviewed for major or minor complications of the groin site or femoral artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EXOSEAL VCD achieved hemostasis, without evidence of a groin hematoma or requiring subsequent prolonged manual compression, in 400 of 441 closures following transfemoral arterial access, representing a device success rate of 90.7%. A total of 98 patients underwent 102 repeat angiograms following closure with the EXOSEAL VCD. The average time to the repeat angiogram was 73.5 days (range 0-488, median 28). Follow-up femoral arteriography demonstrated an irregularity in seven cases, all of which were vessel stenoses of <50%. There were no dissections, pseudoaneurysms, infections, or ischemic events in the study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiographic irregularities were seen in 6.86% of cases after closure with the EXOSEAL VCD. There were no clinically significant vascular complications. Thus, femoral artery closure with EXOSEAL carries a low risk of clinically significant delayed angiographic findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grandhi
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoran
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panczykowski
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hunnicutt
authors.affiliation: UPMC Stroke Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ashutosh P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ducruet
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA UPMC Stroke Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Tudor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jovin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA jankbt@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jankowitz
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011677:Punctures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D065506:Vascular Closure Devices
keywords: EXOSEAL vascular closure device; endovascular intervention; percutaneous femoral arterial puncture; vascular complications