title: Fungi predatory activity on embryonated Toxocara canis eggs inoculated in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and destruction of second stage larvae.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the infectivity of Toxocara canis eggs after interacting with isolated nematophagous fungi of the species Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4), and test the predatory activity of the isolated AC001 on T. canis second stage larvae after 7 days of interaction. In assay A, 5000 embryonated T. canis eggs previously in contact with the AC001 and VC4 isolated for 10 days were inoculated into domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and then these animals were necropsied to collect material (digested liver, intestine, muscles and lungs) at 3-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals after inoculation. In assay A, the results demonstrated that the prior interaction of the eggs with isolated AC001 and VC4 decreases the amount of larvae found in the collected organs. Difference (p < 0.01) was observed in the medium larvae counts recovered from liver, lung, intestine, and muscle of animals in the treated groups when compared to the animals in the control group. At the end of assay A, a percentage reduction of 87.1 % (AC001) and 84.5 % (VC4) respectively was recorded. In the result of assay B, the isolated AC001 showed differences (p < 0.01) compared to the control group, with a reduction of 53.4 % in the recovery of L2. Through these results, it is justified to mention that prior interaction of embryonated T. canis eggs with the tested fungal isolates were efficient in reducing the development and migration of this parasite, in addition to the first report of proven predatory activity on L2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, University of Vila Velha-ES, Vila Velha, ES, CEP: 29102206, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hiura
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Carmen Garcia Lopes
authors.forename: Jeanne Saraiva
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: da Paz
authors.forename: Maylla Garschagen
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gava
authors.forename: Mayra Cunha
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Flecher
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colares
authors.forename: Filippe Elias
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: de Freitas Soares
authors.forename: Leandro Abreu
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: da Fonseca
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lacerda
authors.forename: Jackson Victor
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.forename: Fabio Ribeiro
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017166:Toxocara canis / Q000382:microbiology*