title: Multiple testing for neuroimaging via hidden Markov random field.
abstract: Traditional voxel-level multiple testing procedures in neuroimaging, mostly p-value based, often ignore the spatial correlations among neighboring voxels and thus suffer from substantial loss of power. We extend the local-significance-index based procedure originally developed for the hidden Markov chain models, which aims to minimize the false nondiscovery rate subject to a constraint on the false discovery rate, to three-dimensional neuroimaging data using a hidden Markov random field model. A generalized expectation-maximization algorithm for maximizing the penalized likelihood is proposed for estimating the model parameters. Extensive simulations show that the proposed approach is more powerful than conventional false discovery rate procedures. We apply the method to the comparison between mild cognitive impairment, a disease status with increased risk of developing Alzheimer's or another dementia, and normal controls in the FDG-PET imaging study of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koeppe
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008390:Markov Chains; D015233:Models, Statistical; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; False discovery rate; Generalized expectation-maximization algorithm; Ising model; Local significance index; Penalized likelihood