title: Development of a novel frontal bone defect mouse model for evaluation of osteogenesis efficiency.
abstract: The skull defect model is the existing representative osteogenesis model. The skull defect model involves monitoring osteogenesis patterns at the site of a skull defect, which has the advantages that identical defects can be induced across individual experimental animals and the results can be quantitatively evaluated. However, it can damage the cerebrum because it requires a complex surgery performed on the parietal bone. This study aims to develop a new osteogenesis model that compensates for the weak points of the existing model. Male 8-week-old imprinting control region mice were put under inhalational anesthesia, and the surgery area was disinfected with 70% ethanol prior to the creation of a 5-mm incision along the sagittal line between the glabella with a pair of scissors. The incised area was opened and, after we checked the positions of the inferior cerebral vein and the sagittal suture, a 21-gauge needle was used to make two symmetrical holes with respect to the sagittal suture 3 mm below the inferior cerebral vein and 2 mm on either side of the sagittal suture. After images were obtained using micro-computed tomography, the degree of osteogenesis was quantitatively analyzed. In addition, mRNA extracted from the site of the defect confirmed a significant increase in mRNA levels of collagen 1a, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and Runx2, known markers for osteoblasts. The promotion of osteogenesis could be observed at the site of the defect, by histological analysis.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Science and Technology for Eastern Medicine (KISTEM), NeuMed Inc., Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.|Department of Computer Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Jung
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.|Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwon-Ha
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.|Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.|Institute for Skeletal Disease, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaemin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.|Institute for Skeletal Disease, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.|Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myeung Su
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: a frontal bone defect model; in vivo; mouse model; osteogenesis; parathyroid hormone