title: Validation and application of a multi-residue method, using accelerated solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography, for pesticides quantification in soil.
abstract: A multi-residue method was developed to determine different types of pesticides in soils. An extraction with pressure and temperature, through accelerated solvent extraction (dichloromethane:acetone, 50:50, v/v). The pesticides were determined by gas chromatography with several selective detectors: electron capture detector, pulsed flame photometric detector and thermionic specific detector. The following parameters were determined: limit of detection, limit of quantification, equipment linearity (working interval), method linearity as well as, method accuracy and precision. The average recoveries ranged between 76 and 106%, with the exception of chlorothalonil, which had an average recovery of 46%. Additionally, detection limits from 0.9 to 7.6ng g -: (1) and the quantification limits from 3.00 to 25.47ng g -: (1) were estimated. In terms of linearity and precision, the results obtained were in the ranges considered adequate (R(2) ≥ 0.98 and coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 20%), with the exception of aldrin (R(2) = 0.946, CV = 35.79%), lindane (R(2) = 0.917, CV = 32.91%) and chlorothalonil (R(2) = 0.8184, CV = 81.35%). The proposed method was used to evaluate pesticides in real soil samples, detecting concentrations over 1000ng g -: (1) for some pesticides. The method was correctly validated and provided for the rapid determination of pesticides in soil.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Colima, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Carretera Colima-Manzanillo km. 40, Colonia La Estación, Tecomán, Colima, C.P. 28930, México neo1702@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leyva-Morales
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado Km, 5.5 Campo el Diez, Culiacán, Sinaloa C.P. 80111, México.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Valdez-Torres
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado Km, 5.5 Campo el Diez, Culiacán, Sinaloa C.P. 80111, México.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bastidas-Bastidas
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Avenida Sábalo-Cerritos, S/N, Mazatlán, Sinaloa C.P. 82100, México.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betancourt-Lozano
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012997:Solvents