title: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins as chaperones and co-receptors for FERONIA receptor kinase signaling in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The Arabidopsis receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) is a multifunctional regulator for plant growth and reproduction. Here we report that the female gametophyte-expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (GPI-AP) LORELEI and the seedling-expressed LRE-like GPI-AP1 (LLG1) bind to the extracellular juxtamembrane region of FER and show that this interaction is pivotal for FER function. LLG1 interacts with FER in the endoplasmic reticulum and on the cell surface, and loss of LLG1 function induces cytoplasmic retention of FER, consistent with transport of FER from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane in a complex with LLG1. We further demonstrate that LLG1 is a component of the FER-regulated RHO GTPase signaling complex and that fer and llg1 mutants display indistinguishable growth, developmental and signaling phenotypes, analogous to how lre and fer share similar reproductive defects. Together our results support LLG1/LRE acting as a chaperone and co-receptor for FER and elucidate a mechanism by which GPI-APs enable the signaling capacity of a cell surface receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Fang-Ling
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Alice Y
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-022X
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Qiaohong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Ming-Che
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Emily J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Brendan W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gates
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Methun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Hunter
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
authors.forename: Hen-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism*; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; C000605633:LLG1 protein, Arabidopsis; C560561:LORELEI protein, Arabidopsis; C529880:RALF1 protein, Arabidopsis; C522131:At3g51550 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: FERONIA and LORELEI/LLG1 as coreceptors; RALF; arabidopsis; malectin domain-containing receptor kinases; plant Rho GTPase signaling; plant biology; receptor kinase and GPI-AP as functional partners