title: Phylogenetic analysis of the major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease in Suzhou City, Jiangsu province, China, in 2012-2013.
abstract: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious public health problem that has emerged over the past several decades. Pathogen detection by the Chinese national HFMD surveillance system has focused mainly on enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16). Therefore, epidemiological information regarding the other causative enteroviruses is limited. To identify the pandemic enterovirus in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, China, clinical samples from patients with HFMD were collected from 2012 to 2013 and analyzed. The results revealed that CA16 was the most dominant HFMD pathogen in 2012, whereas CA6 and CA10 were the dominant pathogens in 2013. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the C4a sub-genogroup of EV71 and the B1a and B1b sub-genogroups of CA16 continued to evolve and circulate in Suzhou. The CA6 strains were assigned to six genotypes (A-F) and the CA10 strains were assigned to seven genotypes (A-G), with clear geographical and temporal distributions. All of the CA6 strains in Suzhou belonged to genogroup F, and there were several lineages circulating in Suzhou. All of the CA10 strains in Suzhou belonged to genogroup G, and they had the same genetic origin. Co-infections of EV71/CA16 and CA6/CA10 were found in the samples, and bootscan analysis of 5'-untranslated regions (UTRs) revealed that some CA16 strains in Suzhou had genetic recombination with EV71. This property might allow CA16 to alter its evolvability and circulating ability. This study underscores the need for surveillance of CA6 and CA10 in the Yangtze River Delta and East China.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Yudan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Jieyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors.forename: Luogang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Chiyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Dongming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012621:Seasons; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: CA10; CA16; CA6; EV71; co-infection; genetic recombination; hand, foot and mouth disease