title: In vitro and in vivo assessment of the effect of antiprotozoal compounds isolated from Psoralea corylifolia against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in fish.
abstract: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, an external fish parasite, often causes significant economic damage to the aquaculture industry. Since the use of malachite green was banned, the search of alternative substance to control I. multifiliis infections becomes stringent. In present study, in vitro and in vivo anti-ich efficacies of isopsoralen and psoralidin, two active compounds isolated from methanol extract of Psoralea corylifolia by bioassay-guided fractionation based on the efficacy of anti-ich encysted tomonts, were evaluated. In vitro antiprotozoal efficacy of psoralidin is much better than that of isopsoralen. Psoralidin can kill all theronts at concentrations of 0.8 mg/L or more during 4 h exposure; and terminate reproduction of I. multifiliis post 6 h exposure of protomonts to 0.9 mg/L and encysted tomonts to 1.2 mg/L. In vivo trials showed that 5 h exposure of infected fish to 2.5 mg/L of psoralidin significantly reduced the number of theronts released from tomonts. Furthermore, we observed that a part of protomonts, collected from infected fish post treatment, presented characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis after staining with Annexin V-EGFP/propidium iodide, indicating the possible mechanism of psoralidin against I. multifiliis trophont in situ. On the basis of these results, psoralidin can be used as a potential lead compound for the development of commercial drug against I. multifiliis.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Kaige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Aiguo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Guanglu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Qizhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Gaoxue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016770:Ciliophora Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003374:Coumarins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006054:Goldfish; D016803:Hymenostomatida / Q000187:drug effects*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D029907:Psoralea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D001572:Benzofurans; D003374:Coumarins; D011564:Furocoumarins; C011659:angelicin; C102768:psoralidin
keywords: Antiprotozoal activity; Goldfish; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Psoralea corylifolia; Psoralidin