title: Elemental Content of Calcium Oxalate Stones from a Canine Model of Urinary Stone Disease.
abstract: One of the most common types of urinary stones formed in humans and some other mammals is composed of calcium oxalate in ordered hydrated crystals. Many studies have reported a range of metals other than calcium in human stones, but few have looked at stones from animal models such as the dog. Therefore, we determined the elemental profile of canine calcium oxalate urinary stones and compared it to reported values from human stones. The content of 19 elements spanning 7-orders of magnitude was quantified in calcium oxalate stones from 53 dogs. The elemental profile of the canine stones was highly overlapping with human stones, indicating similar inorganic composition. Correlation and cluster analysis was then performed on the elemental profile from canine stones to evaluate associations between the elements and test for potential subgrouping based on elemental content. No correlations were observed with the most abundant metal calcium. However, magnesium and sulfur content correlated with the mineral hydration form, while phosphorous and zinc content correlated with the neuter status of the dog. Inter-elemental correlation analysis indicated strong associations between barium, phosphorous, and zinc content. Additionally, cluster analysis revealed subgroups within the stones that were also based primarily on barium, phosphorous, and zinc. These data support the use of the dog as a model to study the effects of trace metal homeostasis in urinary stone disease.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition & Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America; Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Killilea
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Epidemiology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jodi L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Westropp
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Epidemiology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.affiliation: Surgical & Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mellema
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Arnold J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, California, United States of America; Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kapahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Marshall L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stoller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D002129:Calcium Oxalate