title: Relationships between Serum Levels of Atazanavir and Renal Toxicity or Lithiasis.
abstract: The main aim of this study is to describe the relationship between serum levels of atazanavir, renal toxicity, and lithiasis. This is a prospective observational study of patients being treated with atazanavir (ATV) at Son Espases Teaching Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, between 2011 and 2013. The study includes 98 patients. Sixteen were found to have a history of urolithiasis. During a median monitoring period of 23 months, nine patients suffered renal colic, in three of whom ATV crystals were evidenced in urine. Cumulative incidence of renal colic was 9.2 per 100 patients. The variables related to having renal colic were the presence of alkaline urine pH and lower basal creatinine clearance. The mean serum level of ATV was slightly higher in patients with renal colic-1,303 μg/L versus 1,161 μg/L-but did not reach statistical significance. Neither were any significant differences detected by analysing the levels according to the timetable for ATV dosage. Cumulative incidence of renal colic was high in patients being treated with ATV, in 33% of whom the presence of ATV crystals was evidenced in urine. We were unable to demonstrate a relationship between ATV serum levels and renal colic or progression towards renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain ; Multidisciplinary Group for Infectious Disease Service, Institute of Health Sciences Research, IdISPa, Health Research Foundation Ramón Llull (FISIB), Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Building "S", 1st Floor, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Marinescu
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain ; Multidisciplinary Group for Infectious Disease Service, Institute of Health Sciences Research, IdISPa, Health Research Foundation Ramón Llull (FISIB), Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Building "S", 1st Floor, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leyes
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain ; Multidisciplinary Group for Infectious Disease Service, Institute of Health Sciences Research, IdISPa, Health Research Foundation Ramón Llull (FISIB), Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Building "S", 1st Floor, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain ; Multidisciplinary Group for Infectious Disease Service, Institute of Health Sciences Research, IdISPa, Health Research Foundation Ramón Llull (FISIB), Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Building "S", 1st Floor, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peñaranda
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain ; Multidisciplinary Group for Infectious Disease Service, Institute of Health Sciences Research, IdISPa, Health Research Foundation Ramón Llull (FISIB), Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Building "S", 1st Floor, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murillas
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain ; Multidisciplinary Group for Infectious Disease Service, Institute of Health Sciences Research, IdISPa, Health Research Foundation Ramón Llull (FISIB), Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Building "S", 1st Floor, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Campins
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain ; Multidisciplinary Group for Infectious Disease Service, Institute of Health Sciences Research, IdISPa, Health Research Foundation Ramón Llull (FISIB), Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Building "S", 1st Floor, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin-Pena
authors.affiliation: Clinical Analysis Service, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barcelo
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Service, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barceló-Campomar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research (IUNICS-IDISPa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grases
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Unit, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frontera
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain ; Multidisciplinary Group for Infectious Disease Service, Institute of Health Sciences Research, IdISPa, Health Research Foundation Ramón Llull (FISIB), Son Espases Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, Building "S", 1st Floor, Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: Melchor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riera Jaume