title: Comparison between Urine Protein: Creatinine Ratios of Samples Obtained from Dogs in Home and Hospital Settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) is used to quantify urine protein excretion and guide recommendations for monitoring and treatment of proteinuria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Home urine samples will have lower UPCs than hospital samples. The objectives were to compare UPCs of samples collected in each setting and to determine whether environment of sample collection might affect staging, monitoring or treatment recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four client-owned dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonmasked study. Clients collected a urine sample from their dog at home and a second sample was collected at the hospital. Dogs receiving corticosteroids or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were excluded, as were those with urine samples of inadequate volume, no protein on dipstick analysis, or active urine sediment. Samples were refrigerated after collection, dipstick and sediment evaluations were completed and each sample was frozen at -80°C within 12 hours. UPCs were performed on frozen samples within 2 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 81 paired samples, 57 were excluded. Of the remaining 24, 12/24 (50%) had higher hospital sample UPCs, 9/24 (38%) had identical UPCs, and 3/24 (12%) had lower hospital UPCs. The UPCs of hospital samples were higher than home samples for the total population (P = .005) and the subset with UPC > 0.5 (P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Setting and related circumstances of urine collection in dogs is associated with UPC differences; results are usually higher in hospital than in home samples. This difference has the potential to affect clinical interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Specht
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D004285:Dogs / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006762:Hospitals, Animal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D059349:Urine Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Canine; Kidney disease; Protein losing nephropathy; Proteinuria