title: The rs2516839 Polymorphism of the USF1 Gene May Modulate Serum Triglyceride Levels in Response to Cigarette Smoking.
abstract: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the USF1 gene (upstream stimulatory factor 1) influence plasma lipid levels. This study aims to determine whether USF1 SNPs interact with traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis to increase coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. In the present study serum lipid levels and USF1 gene polymorphisms (rs2516839 and rs3737787) were determined in 470 subjects: 235 patients with premature CAD and 235 controls. A trend of increasing triglycerides (TG) levels in relation to the C allele dose of rs2516839 SNP was observed. The synergistic effect of cigarette smoking and C allele carrier state on CAD risk was also found (SIM = 2.69, p = 0.015). TG levels differentiated significantly particular genotypes in smokers (1.53 mmol/L for TT, 1.80 mmol/L for CT and 2.27 mmol/L for CC subjects). In contrast, these differences were not observed in the non-smokers subgroup (1.57 mmol/L for TT, 1.46 mmol/L for CT and 1.49 mmol/L for CC subjects). In conclusion, the rs2516839 polymorphism may modulate serum triglyceride levels in response to cigarette smoking. Carriers of the C allele seem to be particularly at risk of CAD, when exposed to cigarette smoking.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Medykow Str 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland. info.pawelniemiec@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niemiec
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Medykow Str 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland. tn1984@o2.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Medykow Str 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland. t_iwanicki@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwanicki
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nephrology, 3 Maja Str 13-18, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland. skosiorz@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorczynska-Kosiorz
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nephrology, 3 Maja Str 13-18, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland. abalcerzyk@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balcerzyk
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 1st Department of Cardiac Surgery in Upper Silesian Center of Cardiology in Katowice, Ziolowa Str 47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland. jolakra@poczta.fm.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krauze
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nephrology, 3 Maja Str 13-18, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland. wgrzeszczak@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Wladyslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grzeszczak
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Blood Donation and Blood Treatment in Raciborz, Sienkiewicza Str 3, 47-400 Raciborz, Poland. sekretariat@rckik.pl.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiecha
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Medykow Str 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland. izak@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; C497181:USF1 protein, human; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors
keywords: CAD; USF1; cigarette smoking; gene-traditional risk factors interactions; polymorphism; triglycerides