title: Ten Years of Equine-related Injuries: Severity and Implications for Emergency Physicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The size, speed, and unpredictable nature of horses present a significant risk for injury in all equine-related activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine the mechanism, severity, frequency, body regions affected, surgical requirements, rehabilitation needs, safety equipment utilization, and outcomes of equine-related injured patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of inpatients who sustained an equine-related injury from 2002-2011 with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes E828 and E906 were retrospectively reviewed for pertinent data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety patients, 70% female, age (mean ± SD) 37.3 ± 19.4 years, length of stay 3.7 ± 4.5 days, Injury Severity Score 12.9 ± 8.4. Predominant mechanism of injury was fall from horse (46.7%). The chest (23%) was most frequently injured, followed by brain/head (21.5%). Thirty patients (33%) required 57 surgical procedures. Twenty percent of patients required occupational therapy and 33.3% required physical therapy while hospitalized. Only 3% required rehabilitation, with 90% discharged directly home. Safety equipment was not used in 91.9% of patients. One patient sustained a cord injury. Six patients expired, all from extensive head injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of equine-related injuries occur while pursuing recreational activities and are due to falls. Our patients experienced more severe injuries to the trunk and head and required more surgical intervention for pelvic, facial, and brain injuries than previously reported. Failure to use safety equipment contributes to the risk of severe injury. Education and injury prevention is essential. The need for complex surgical intervention by multiple specialties supports transfer to Level I trauma centers.
authors.affiliation: Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care Program, Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care Program, Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Blostein
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schrotenboer
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Services, Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
authors.forename: Chris A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sloffer
authors.affiliation: Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care Program, Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
authors.forename: Sheri L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: VandenBerg
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004635:Emergency Medicine; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010388:Pelvis / Q000293:injuries; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011998:Recreation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: equine; injuries; surgical procedures