title: Management of the thyroid gland during total laryngectomy in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study was to determine the role of routine total thyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy in patients undergoing total laryngectomy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 343 patients who underwent total laryngectomy (98 treated with surgery alone, 136 treated following radiation failure, and 109 following chemoradiation failure). Total thyroidectomy was performed in all obstructing and bilateral lesions or if there was suspicion of contralateral lobe involvement. Hemithyroidectomy was performed in all lateralized lesions. Retrospective histopathologic analysis of thyroid specimens was subsequently performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 262 patients underwent total thyroidectomy during total laryngectomy, six of which demonstrated squamous cell carcinoma evident within the thyroid gland (4 from transglottic lesions, 2 from subglottic lesions). Hemithyroidectomy was performed in 81 patients, with only one patient demonstrating evidence of squamous cell carcinoma within the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism was observed in 88% (n = 61) of patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy alone, requiring hormone supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine surgical management of the thyroid gland should not be performed, except in cases of subglottic primary lesions, lesions with significant subglottic extension, or transglottic lesions. Despite efforts to preserve the contralateral thyroid lobe in cases of selective lobectomy, these patients often have a high rate of hypothyroidism, and a total thyroidectomy should be considered when involvement of the thyroid gland is suspected.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mt. Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Moustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery Associates, Fort Worth, Texas.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saman
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sawhney
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery Associates, Fort Worth, Texas.
authors.forename: Yadranko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ducic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Total laryngectomy; glottic cancer; hemithyroidectomy; subglottic lesions; thyroidectomy