title: Induction of Apoptosis in Endometrial Cancer (Ishikawa) Cells by Pogostemon cablin Aqueous Extract (PCAE).
abstract: Pogostemon cablin (PC) is a traditional herbal medicine used in the treatment of the common cold, nausea, diarrhea, and even for headaches and fever. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative activity of PC in endometrial cancer (EC) cells have yet to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the anticancer effects of an aqueous extract of Pogostemon cablin (PCAE), specifically induced apoptosis in EC (Ishikawa) cells. Proliferation of EC cells following exposure to PCAE was assessed by an MTT assay. DNA content and the induction of cell cycle apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS Calibur). Protein caspase-3 and, -9 as well as AIF were investigated using Western blot. Our results demonstrate growth inhibition of Ishikawa cells by PCAE. Furthermore, caspase-3 activity caused PCAE-treated cell lines to accumulate in apoptosis. Gene expression profiling (GEP) results further suggest that, in addition to its known effects with regard to EC prevention, PCAE may also exert antitumor activity on established EC cells. Many previous studies have identified the chemo-preventive effects of natural plant materials and the potential role of these materials in chemotherapy. This current study used human EC Ishikawa cells to investigate the anti-tumor effects of PCAE in EC cells. Our results demonstrate that PCAE inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis, which suggests the potential applicability of PCAE as an antitumor agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan. nick@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Ching-Chou
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan. yahuei1223@gmail.com.|Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan. yahuei1223@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ya-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan. p2696373@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Chi-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 71701, Taiwan. chengym@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ya-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan. ou4727@cloud.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Yu-Che
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan. chanchao@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chan-Chao Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan. d8702008@tmu.edu.tw.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 71701, Taiwan. d8702008@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yi-Chiang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9
keywords: Pogostemon cablin aqueous extract (PCAE); apoptosis; endometrial cancer