title: Relief and Recurrence of Congestion During and After Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure: Insights From Diuretic Optimization Strategy Evaluation in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (DOSE-AHF) and Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (CARESS-HF).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congestion is the most frequent cause for hospitalization in acute decompensated heart failure. Although decongestion is a major goal of acute therapy, it is unclear how the clinical components of congestion (eg, peripheral edema, orthopnea) contribute to outcomes after discharge or how well decongestion is maintained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A post hoc analysis was performed of 496 patients enrolled in the Diuretic Optimization Strategy Evaluation in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (DOSE-AHF) and Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (CARRESS-HF) trials during hospitalization with acute decompensated heart failure and clinical congestion. A simple orthodema congestion score was generated based on symptoms of orthopnea (≥2 pillows=2 points, <2 pillows=0 points) and peripheral edema (trace=0 points, moderate=1 point, severe=2 points) at baseline, discharge, and 60-day follow-up. Orthodema scores were classified as absent (score of 0), low-grade (score of 1-2), and high-grade (score of 3-4), and the association with death, rehospitalization, or unscheduled medical visits through 60 days was assessed. At baseline, 65% of patients had high-grade orthodema and 35% had low-grade orthodema. At discharge, 52% patients were free from orthodema at discharge (score=0) and these patients had lower 60-day rates of death, rehospitalization, or unscheduled visits (50%) compared with those with low-grade or high-grade orthodema (52% and 68%, respectively; P=0.038). Of the patients without orthodema at discharge, 27% relapsed to low-grade orthodema and 38% to high-grade orthodema at 60-day follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased severity of congestion by a simple orthodema assessment is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Despite intent to relieve congestion, current therapy often fails to relieve orthodema during hospitalization or to prevent recurrence after discharge.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00608491, NCT00577135.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.). anu.lala@mountsinai.org.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lala
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McNulty
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mentz
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dunlay
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vader
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Omar F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: AbouEzzeddine
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Adam D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: DeVore
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Prateeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khazanie
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Redfield
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Bradley A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bart
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Anstrom
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: G Michael
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Felker
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Adrian F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.W.S.); The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.L.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (S.E.M., R.J.M., A.D.D., P.K., K.J.A., G.M.F., A.F.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.D., O.F.A., M.M.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (J.M.V.); and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (S.R.G., B.A.B.).
authors.forename: Lynne W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010359:Patient Readmission; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics
keywords: dyspnea; edema; follow-up studies; heart failure; hospitalization