title: EFFECTS OF HELIUM PRECONDITIONING ON INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS.
abstract: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can occur in clinical settings such as organ transplantation, cardiopulmonary bypass and trauma. The noble gas helium attenuates I/R injury in a number of animal organs and thus may offer a strategy for reducing I/R-induced intestinal injury in clinical settings. In the present study, we used four different helium preconditioning (HPC) profiles to investigate the potential beneficial effect of HPC on I/R-induced intestinal injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with three cycles of air breathing for 5 min combined with three cycles of breathing a 70% helium:30% oxygen mixture for either 2, 5, 10, or 15 min, after which they were subjected to 60-min intestinal ischemia and 60-min reperfusion. Sixty minutes after reperfusion, the intestinal tissues of the variously treated rats were analyzed using histology, immunohistochemistry, terminal dUTP nick-end labeling staining, myeloperoxidase activity assay, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tumor necrosis factor α and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α. Intestinal permeability was assayed by measuring fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran release in blood samples. The results showed that the HPC profile consisting of three cycles of 10 or 15 min of helium breathing and three cycles of 5 min of air breathing reduced I/R-induced intestinal injury, cell apoptosis, and the inflammatory response. However, the 2- or 5-min helium breathing did not confer any protective effects. It seems that longer helium episodes should be used in HPC profiles designed to attenuate intestinal I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: *Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital †Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Rongjia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tianhang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000032:analysis; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006371:Helium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D006371:Helium; D009195:Peroxidase; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C539355:CD68 protein, rat; D000097382:CD68 Molecule