title: Reward Sensitivity (Behavioral Activation System), Cognitive, and Metacognitive Control in Gambling Behavior: Evidences From Behavioral, Feedback-Related Negativity, and P300 Effect.
abstract: The present research explored the main factors able to influence the subjects' choices in the case of decisions and distinguish between high- and low-risk decisions. Behavioral responses (Iowa Gambling Task [IGT]), meta-cognitive strategy, and event-related potential (feedback-related negativity [FRN] and P300) effects were used as predictive markers of gambling behavior. Behavioral activation system (BAS)-reward measure was applied to distinguish between high-BAS and low-BAS. It was found that higher-BAS opted in favor of the immediate reward, with a concomitant dysfunctional metacognition of their strategy. Finally, a consistent "reward bias" affected the high-BAS performance reducing the P300 and FRN in response to unexpected (loss) events. The cortical localization (sLORETA) of ERPs showed the contribution by distinct anterior and posterior areas.
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy (MB, RF,YC); and the Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy (MB, RF).
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balconi
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy (MB, RF,YC); and the Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy (MB, RF).
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Finocchiaro
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy (MB, RF,YC); and the Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy (MB, RF).
authors.forename: Ylenia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Canavesio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005715:Gambling / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000067489:Metacognition / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012201:Reward; D055815:Young Adult