title: Exogenous salicylic acid protects phospholipids against cadmium stress in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).
abstract: Salicylic acid (SA) promotes plant defense responses against toxic metal stresses. The present study addressed the hypothesis that 8-h SA pretreatment, would alter membrane lipids in a way that would protect against Cd toxicity. Flax seeds were pre-soaked for 8h in SA (0, 250 and 1000µM) and then subjected, at seedling stage, to cadmium (Cd) stress. At 100µM CdCl2, significant decreases in the percentages of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and changes in their relative fatty acid composition were observed in Cd-treated roots in comparison with controls. However, in roots of 8-h SA pretreated plantlets, results showed that the amounts of PC and PE were significantly higher as compared to non-pretreated plantlets. Additionally, in both lipid classes, the proportion of linolenic acid (18:3) increased upon the pretreatment with SA. This resulted in a significant increase in the fatty acid unsaturation ratio of the root PC and PE classes. As the exogenous application of SA was found to be protective of flax lipid metabolism, the possible mechanisms of protection against Cd stress in flax roots were discussed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses Unit, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia. Electronic address: belkadhiaicha@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Aïcha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belkadhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain. Electronic address: adeharobailon@ias.csic.es.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Haro
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain. Electronic address: obcas1979@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Obregon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses Unit, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia. Electronic address: wided.chaibi@fst.rnu.tn.
authors.forename: Wided
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaïbi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses Unit, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia. Electronic address: wahbi.djebali@fst.rnu.tn.
authors.forename: Wahbi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Djebali
mesh_terms: D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D038983:Galactolipids / Q000032:analysis; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D038983:Galactolipids; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010743:Phospholipids; D020011:Protective Agents; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C009909:monogalactosyldiacylglycerol; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: Cadmium stress; Fatty acids; Linum usitatissimum L.; Membrane lipids; Roots; Salicylic acid