title: Investigation of CTLA-4-318C/T gene polymorphism in cases with type 1 diabetes of Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran.
abstract: This study analyzed the association of CTLA-4-318C/T gene polymorphism with susceptibility, clinical course and laboratory findings of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). One hundred and fifty-three T1D patients and 189 healthy controls entered this study. CTLA-4-318C/T genotyping was performed by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) analysis. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of -318C/T gene polymorphism were similar in patients and controls. However, younger age, earlier age at onset, higher HbA1c levels, higher frequency of Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) and Insulinoma Associated-2 Autoantibodies (IA-2A) were observed in T1D patient carriers of CT genotype. The current study demonstrates that although CTLA-4-318C/T polymorphism was not linked with a higher genetic risk for T1D, the presence of a CT genotype was associated with a younger age of onset, poor control of HbA1c level and positive anti-GAD or IA-2 serum autoantibodies in Iranian Azeri population.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: almasysh@sums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Shohreh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Almasi
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: aliparasty@sums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Aliparasti
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aliasgarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Bahareh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abd-Nikfarjam
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hyöty
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knip
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feizi
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amirbabak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sioofy-Khojine
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Badrossadat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rahnama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000483:Alleles; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001382:Azerbaijan / Q000453:epidemiology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen
keywords: Age of onset; CTLA-4; GADA; Gene polymorphism; IA-2A; Type 1 diabetes