title: Human adipose-derived stem cells stimulate neuroregeneration.
abstract: Traumatic brain injuries and degenerative neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and many others are characterized by loss of brain cells and supporting structures. Restoring microanatomy and function using stem cells is a promising therapeutic approach. Among the many various sources, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are one of the most easily harvested alternatives, they multiply rapidly, and they demonstrate low immunogenicity with an ability to differentiate into several cell types. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of xenotransplanted human ADSCs on post-traumatic regeneration of rat sciatic nerve. Peripheral reconstruction following complete sciatic transection and autonerve grafting was complemented by intra-operative injection of hADSCs into the proximal and distal stumps. The injury caused gliosis and apoptosis of sensory neurons in the lumbar 5 (L5) ganglia in the control rodents; however, animals treated with hADSCs demonstrated a smaller amount of cellular loss. Formation of amputation neuroma, which hinders axonal repair, was less prominent in the experimental group, and immunohistochemical analysis of myelin basic protein showed good myelination 65 days after surgery. At this point, control groups still exhibited high levels of microglia/macrophage-specific marker Iba-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, the mark of an ongoing inflammation and incomplete axonal growth 2 months after the injury. This report demonstrates that hADSCs promote neuronal survival in the spinal ganglion, fuel axonal repair and stimulate the regeneration of peripheral nerves.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.|Republic Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Ruslan F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Masgutov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Galina A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Masgutova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Margarita N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Zhuravleva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.|Republic Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Ilnur I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Salafutdinov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Regina T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mukhametshina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Yana O
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Mukhamedshina
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helton J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kiyasov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia. palotas@asklepios-med.eu.|Asklepios-Med (private medical practice and research center), Kossuth Lajos sgt. 23, Szeged, 6722, Hungary. palotas@asklepios-med.eu.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palotás
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia. albert.rizvanov@kpfu.ru.
authors.forename: Albert A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rizvanov
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Autonerve graft; Human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC); Peripheral nerve injury; Regenerative medicine; Repair; Xenotransplantation