title: Topics in the routine assessment of newborn puppy viability.
abstract: Neonatal veterinarians still observe higher mortality rates among their patients than those observed among humans. Establishment of a neonatal assessment protocol is fundamental to the identification of the medical status of the neonate and the need for medical intervention. The neonatal Apgar score evaluation, which is commonly used in clinical practice, should be complemented by other methods of analysis. This study proposes, in addition to an Apgar score analysis, the evaluation of laboratory parameters and weight. We believe that knowledge of these reference values is essential for diagnosing at-risk neonates and for establishing suitable treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, State University of São Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Gardilin
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Vassalo
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, State University of São Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Regina Barbieri
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics and Animal Breeding, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mateus José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sudano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics and Animal Breeding, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nereu Carlos
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Prestes
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, State University of São Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Denise
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, State University of São Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone Biagio
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Chiacchio
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, State University of São Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: mege@fmvz.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Maria Lúcia Gomes
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lourenço
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012016:Reference Values; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Apgar score; blood gas; canine; neonatal reflexes; neonate; small animals