title: Expression of Surfactant Protein-A during LPS-Induced Otitis Media with Effusion in Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and role of surfactant protein (SP) in the middle ear throughout lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced otitis media with effusion (OME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized case-controlled animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Shandong University, Jinan, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  SP expression was monitored using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in normal mice (n = 5). Two groups, control phosphate-buffered saline-injected mice (n = 5) and LPS-injected mice (n = 5), were euthanized 5 days following injection. RNA was extracted for reverse transcription PCR and real-time PCR, and temporal bone samples were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining. LPS was injected into mice, and 5 mice per test were euthanized at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following injection. For mRNA expression quantification, reverse transcription PCR and real-time PCR were performed, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SP-A and SP-D expression was detected in normal murine Eustachian tubes. SP-A expression was up-regulated after LPS-induced OME (P = .01). At various time points after LPS injection, concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) in the middle ear increased significantly (P < .05) and correlated with changes in SP-A expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SP-A and SP-D exist in the murine middle ear. The expression of SP-A and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was up-regulated in the middle ear of the LPS-induced OME animal model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiangrui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhaomin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuechen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China honeyly2004@126.com.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000378:metabolism*; D038781:Otoscopy; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Eustachian tube mucosa; LPS-induced otitis media; otitis media with effusion; surfactant protein expression