title: Migration of Tinuvin P and Irganox 3114 into milk and the corresponding authorised food simulant.
abstract: Migration of Tinuvin P (UV stabiliser) and Irganox 3114 (antioxidant) from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied. HDPE pieces were soaked in either milk (1.5% or 3.5% fat content) or 50% (v/v) ethanol-water mixture - the food simulant for milk as specified in Regulation No. 10/2011/EC. The obtained extracts were analysed by LC-MS/MS. For statistical assessment variography was used. It proved to be a useful tool for making a distinction between the early migration range and the equilibrium, despite the variance of the data. Regulation No. 10/2011/EC specifies 10 days of contact time for milk at 5°C. Our experiments with the food simulant with 24 dm(2) kg(-1) surface/mass ratio showed that both Tinuvin P and Irganox 3114 need less than 1 h to reach equilibrium. Furthermore, 10-day experiments with daily sampling showed that these additives are stable in milk, as well as in the food simulant. The effect of the concentration of the additives in HDPE was studied in the 0.01-5% (m/m) range. For both Tinuvin P and Irganox 3114 and all three extractants the migrated amount became independent of the concentration of the additive in the HDPE approximately at 1% (m/m). For Tinuvin P the food simulant gave a close estimate for the milk samples. However, using the food simulant for modelling the migration of Irganox 3114 into milk gave an overestimation with a factor of minimum 3.5. In the case of Tinuvin P special care must be taken, since the recommended amount in the HDPE can result in additive concentrations near or even over the specific migration limit (SML). However, Irganox 3114 cannot reach the SML either in milk or in the food simulant.
authors.affiliation: a Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques (EKOL) , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest 1117 , Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bodai
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kirchkeszner
authors.forename: Márton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novák
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nyiri
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magyar
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Iván
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rikker
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Eke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C547465:Irganox 3114; D014230:Triazoles; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; C033674:benazol P; D020959:Polyethylene
keywords: LC-MS; UV stabiliser; additives; antioxidant; food simulant; migration; milk; semi-variogram