title: A comparative evaluation of the effect of various additives on selected physical properties of white mineral trioxide aggregate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the setting time, compressive strength, and pH of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with various additives: Calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium formate (CaF), disodium hydrogen orthophosphate (Na2HPO4).
  
  
  METHODS
  Group 1 (Control) was obtained by mixing MTA with distilled water. In Groups 2 and 3, MTA containing 10% CaCl2 and 20% CaF, respectively, was mixed with distilled water. In Group 4, MTA was mixed with 15% Na2HPO4. Setting time, compressive strength, and pH of each group were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Comparison of mean values was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Games-Howell test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The setting time of test groups were significantly shorter than that of control group (P < 0.001). The compressive strengths of test groups were lower than that of control group (P < 0.001). The pH value obtained for Groups 3 and 4 were higher than that of the control group (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study result showed that additives significantly reduced the setting time of MTA and also maintained the pH at a high value. However, there was not much improvement in the compressive strength of the material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College-Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anushree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College-Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shankarappa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pushpa
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College-Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Doraiswamy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arunagiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College-Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Asheesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawhny
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College-Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Abhinav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Rama Medical College-Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ramamurthy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sujatha
keywords: Additives; MTA; calcium chloride; calcium formate; compressive strength; disodium hydrogen orthphosphate; pH; physical properties; setting time