title: Fall and Fracture Risk in Sarcopenia and Dynapenia With and Without Obesity: the Role of Lifestyle Interventions.
abstract: Due to their differing etiologies and consequences, it has been proposed that the term "sarcopenia" should revert to its original definition of age-related muscle mass declines, with a separate term, "dynapenia", describing muscle strength and function declines. There is increasing interest in the interactions of sarcopenia and dynapenia with obesity. Despite an apparent protective effect of obesity on fracture, increased adiposity may compromise bone health, and the presence of sarcopenia and/or dynapenia ("sarcopenic obesity" and "dynapenic obesity") may exacerbate the risk of falls and fracture in obese older adults. Weight loss interventions are likely to be beneficial for older adults with sarcopenic and dynapenic obesity but may result in further reductions in muscle and bone health. The addition of exercise including progressive resistance training and nutritional strategies, including protein and vitamin D supplementation, may optimise body composition and muscle function outcomes thereby reducing falls and fracture risk in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia, 3168, david.scott@monash.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Kerrie M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ebeling
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D053580:Muscle Strength; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000150:complications*