title: One hundred years of lessons about the impact of war on mental health; two steps forward, one step back.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper outlines the substantial stigmatization of soldiers who suffered psychiatric disorders during World War I, and how there was little acceptance of the enduring impact of prolonged combat exposure once the war ended.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent decades of research highlight the delayed impact of combat exposure and its long-term neurobiological consequences.
authors.affiliation: Director, The Centre for Traumatic Stress Studies, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia alexander.mcfarlane@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: McFarlane
mesh_terms: D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000266:history*
keywords: PTSD; World War I; cumulative exposure; delayed onset; neurobiology