title: Predictors of Therapist Adherence and Emotional Bond in Multisystemic Therapy: Testing Ethnicity as a Moderator.
abstract: This study examined the interaction between problem severity and race\ethnicity as a predictor of therapist adherence and family-therapist emotional bond. Data for this study came from a longitudinal evaluation of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) provided by licensed MST provider organizations in community settings. Outcome variables included mid-treatment levels of caregiver report of therapist adherence, changes in caregiver report of therapist adherence over the course of treatment, and overall levels of caregiver-therapist and youth-therapist emotional bond. Hypothesized predictors included race\ethnicity and levels of poly-substance use, externalizing behavior, and youth self-report of delinquency early in treatment as well as pre-treatment number of arrests. Participants were 185 adolescents (Mage = 15.35,SD= 1.29) and their caregivers. Of the participating youth, 48 % self-identified as Caucasian, 20 % as African-American, 28 % as Hispanic\Latino, and 4 % as "other." Two-level Hierarchical Linear Modeling analyses revealed that for Caucasian youth, lower rates of self-reported delinquency were associated with greater increases in caregiver report of therapist adherence over the course of MST. For His-panic\Latino caregivers, higher externalizing behavior and poly-substance use were associated with reports of lower therapist adherence at mid-treatment and poorer overall levels of emotional bonding with therapists. In contrast, for African-American participants, higher levels of youth externalizing behavior and poly-substance use were associated with higher overall levels of caregiver and youth report of emotional bonding with therapists, respectively. Results provide evidence that race\ethnicity interacts with problem severity in predicting therapist adherence and family-therapist emotional bond within real-world practice settings and suggest possible therapeutic process differences across race.
authors.affiliation: Center for Addiction Reserach, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Stacy R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Family Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Phillippe B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Alliant International University, at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Whitmore
keywords: Ethnic difference; Externalizing behavior; Minority; Multisystemic therapy; Therapist adherence; Treatment