title: Volume-dependent effect of supervised exercise training on fatty liver and visceral adiposity index in subjects with type 2 diabetes The Italian Diabetes Exercise Study (IDES).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effect of supervised exercise training on liver enzymes and two surrogate measures of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sedentary patients from 22 outpatient diabetes clinics were randomized by center, age and treatment to twice-a-week supervised aerobic and resistance training plus structured exercise counseling (exercise group, EXE; n=303) versus counseling alone (control group, CON; n=303) for 12 months. EXE participants were further randomized to low-to-moderate (n=142) or moderate-to-high (n=161) intensity training of equal energy cost. Baseline and end-of-study levels of liver enzymes, fatty liver index (FLI) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enzyme levels did not change, whereas FLI and VAI decreased significantly in EXE, but not CON participants. Physical activity (PA) volume was an independent predictor of both FLI and VAI reductions, the extent of which increased from the 1st to the 4th quintile of PA volume and baseline to end-of-study changes in fitness parameters. Differences in the effect of LI versus HI training were negligible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from this large cohort of subjects with type 2 diabetes indicate that FLI and VAI decrease with supervised training in a volume-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; Diabetes Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Metabolic Fitness Association, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; Radiology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; Diabetes Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Metabolic Fitness Association, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Errico
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Fitness Association, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy; Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, "Foro Italico" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Jonida
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haxhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; Metabolic Fitness Association, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alessi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iacobini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; Diabetes Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bollanti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; Diabetes Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.pugliese@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pugliese
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Exercise volume; FLI; Liver enzymes; Supervised exercise; VAI