title: Administering different levels of parenteral phosphate and amino acids did not influence growth in extremely preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When a new high amino acid parenteral nutrition (PN) solution was introduced to our hospital, a design error led to decreased phosphate levels. This prompted us to examine the effect of three different PN solutions on plasma phosphate, plasma calcium and weight increases on extremely preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of 186 infants with a gestational age of <28 weeks during their first month of life. They were divided into three groups based on the PN they received during hospitalisation. Group one received high levels of phosphate and low levels of amino acids. Group two received low levels of phosphate and high levels of amino acids. Group three received high levels of both phosphate and amino acids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest plasma phosphate values varied significantly between groups one (1.80 ± 0.46 mmol/L), two (1.05 ± 0.48 mmol/L) and three (1.40 ± 0.37 mmol/L) (p < 0.001), but no significant difference in weight increase was seen (p = 0.497).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phosphate content of the PN influenced plasma phosphate and plasma calcium levels, but increasing the levels of both phosphate and amino acids did not improve weight gain during the first month of life.
authors.affiliation: University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Katrine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moe
authors.affiliation: Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Signe Sparre
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Beck-Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, JMC, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lando
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, JMC, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Gorm
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greisen
authors.affiliation: Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.|Department of Neonatology, JMC, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Gitte
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zachariassen
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; D010710:Phosphates; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Extremely preterm infants; Parenteral nutrition; Phosphate; Postnatal growth; Small for gestational age