title: High-pitch spiral CT with 3D reformation: an alternative choice for imaging vascular anomalies with affluent blood flow in the head and neck of infants and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of high-pitch spiral CT in imaging vascular anomalies (VAs) with affluent blood flow in the head and neck of infants and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  For patients with suspected VAs and affluent blood flow pre-detected by ultrasound, CT was performed with high-pitch mode, individualized low-dose scan protocol and three-dimensional (3D) reformation. A five-point scale was used for image quality evaluation. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated with clinical diagnosis with/without pathological results as the reference standard. Radiation exposure and single-phase scan time were recorded. Treatment strategies were formulated based on CT images and results and were monitored through follow-up results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  20 lesions were identified in 15 patients (median age of 11 months). The mean score of image quality was 4.13 ± 0.74. 7 patients (7/15, 46.67%) were diagnosed with haemangiomas, 6 patients (6/15, 40%) were diagnosed with venous malformations and 2 patients (2/15, 13.33%) were diagnosed with arteriovenous malformations. The average effective radiation doses of a single phase and of the total procedure were 0.27 ± 0.08 and 0.86 ± 0.21 mSv. The average scanning time of a single phase was 0.46 ± 0.09 s. After treatment, 13 patients (13/15, 86.67%) achieved excellent results, and 2 patients (2/15, 13.33%) showed good results in follow-up visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-pitch spiral CT with an individualized low-dose scan protocol and 3D reformation is an effective modality for imaging VAs with affluent blood flow in the head and neck of infants and children when vascular details are needed and ultrasound and MRI could not provide the complete information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study proposes an alternative modality for imaging VAs with affluent blood flow.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: H-O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of CT, Shandong University, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: X-M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: G-Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of CT, Shandong University, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of CT, Shandong University, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: X-P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of CT, Shandong University, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Z-P
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of CT, Shandong University, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Z-D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006257:Head / Q000098:blood supply*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck / Q000098:blood supply*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy