title: Ex Situ Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Donor Livers.
abstract: In contrast to conventional static cold preservation (0-4 °C), ex situ machine perfusion may provide better preservation of donor livers. Continuous perfusion of organs provides the opportunity to improve organ quality and allows ex situ viability assessment of donor livers prior to transplantation. This video article provides a step by step protocol for ex situ normothermic machine perfusion (37 °C) of human donor livers using a device that provides a pressure and temperature controlled pulsatile perfusion of the hepatic artery and continuous perfusion of the portal vein. The perfusion fluid is oxygenated by two hollow fiber membrane oxygenators and the temperature can be regulated between 10 °C and 37 °C. During perfusion, the metabolic activity of the liver as well as the degree of injury can be assessed by biochemical analysis of samples taken from the perfusion fluid. Machine perfusion is a very promising tool to increase the number of livers that are suitable for transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen.
authors.forename: Negin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karimian
authors.affiliation: Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen.
authors.forename: Alix P M
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Matton
authors.affiliation: Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen.
authors.forename: Andrie C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Westerkamp
authors.affiliation: Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen.
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Burlage
authors.affiliation: Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen.
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Op den Dries
authors.affiliation: Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen.
authors.forename: Henri G D
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leuvenink
authors.affiliation: Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen.
authors.forename: Ton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lisman
authors.affiliation: Center of Engineering in Medicine/Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Burns Hospital.
authors.forename: Korkut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uygun
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Markmann
authors.affiliation: Section of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; r.j.porte@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Porte
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen