title: [Our viewpoints on Deqi in the later ages after birth of classical works "The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic" and "Canon of Difficult Medical Problems"].
abstract: In our previous paper, we analyzed "Deqi" in book Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic) and Nanjing (Canon of Difficult Medical Problems) from "Zhishen"(Treating mentality) and Tiaoqi (Regulating qi). In the present paper, the authors discuss the connotations of "Deqi" and related events in the later ages of the abovementioned two classic books to the later stage of the Qing Dynasty when involves about 20 classical works as Zhenjiu Dacheng ( The Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Zhenjing Zhinan (Guide to the classics of Acupuncture), Zhenjiu Daquan (A Complete Works of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) etc. from 1) close association between "Deqi" and patients' mental activity; 2) how to wait for arrival of qi if the needling does not induce "Deqi" for the time being; 3) how to identify "qi-arrival" and then, performing suitable manipulations; 4) Deqi and shallow- or deep-needling; 5) putting more emphasis on patients' feeling and reactions, rather than the practitioners perception beneath the needle which is described in book Huangdi Neijing; and 6) not withdrawing the acupuncture needles if qi does not arrive. Generally, in the later ages, the connotations of Deqi are enriched greatly.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Si-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Ni-Juan
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Min-Yi
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shang-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Gui-Wen
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000266:history*; D001877:Books / Q000266:history*; D002681:China; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008513:Medicine in Literature; D019413:Qi / Q000266:history*