title: Particulate matter (PM₁₀) induces metalloprotease activity and invasion in airway epithelial cells.
abstract: Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) is a risk factor for the development of lung diseases and cancer. The aim of this work was to identify alterations in airway epithelial (A549) cells induced by PM10 that could explain how subtoxic exposure (10 μg/cm(2)) promotes a more aggressive in vitro phenotype. Our results showed that cells exposed to PM10 from an industrial zone (IZ) and an urban commercial zone (CZ) induced an increase in protease activity and invasiveness; however, the cell mechanism is different, as only PM10 from CZ up-regulated the activity of metalloproteases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and disrupted E-cadherin/β-catenin expression after 48 h of exposure. These in vitro findings are relevant in terms of the mechanism action of PM10 in lung epithelial cells, which could be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis of some human illness associated with highly polluted cities.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080 México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morales-Bárcenas
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, CP 54090 Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Yolanda I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Chirino
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080 México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: yesennia.sanchez@salud.gob.mx.
authors.forename: Yesennia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta 3-591 ECHA, 11405 87th Av., Edmonton T6G 1C9, Canada.
authors.forename: Álvaro Román
authors.initials: ÁR
authors.lastname: Osornio-Vargas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, 14610 México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melendez-Zajgla
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080 México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: claudia.garciac@salud.gob.mx.
authors.forename: Claudia María
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: García-Cuellar
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015703:Antigens, CD; C513384:CDH1 protein, human; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D052638:Particulate Matter; D051176:beta Catenin; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: E-cadherin; Invasiveness; Metalloproteases; Particulate matter; β-catenin