title: Diagnosis and treatment of perineal endometriosis: review of 17 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of perineal endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients who presented with a tender perineal mass coinciding with the menstrual cycle on the scar of a previous vaginally procedure were examined retrospectively. Their clinical features and treatment were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients presented with a palpable painful lesion. All of them had had vaginal delivery with episiotomy. The mean age of the patients was 34.35 years. The mean latent period was 46.82 months. The mean size was 2.38 cm. Thirteen patients presented with one subcutaneous nodule and four had multiple nodules. Color Doppler ultrasound revealed a subcutaneous nodule with an irregular outline and echo-complex density underlying the episiotomy scar. Only one patient suffered from perineal endometriosis combined with pelvic endometriosis. All endometriotic masses in perineum were completely excised and cured, and confirmed by the microscopic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A detailed history and thorough pelvic examination are essential in diagnosing perineal endometriosis. Surgical intervention is the first choice of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Department, Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University, 1st xueshi road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
authors.forename: Juanqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Department, Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University, 1st xueshi road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
authors.forename: Yifu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Department, Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University, 1st xueshi road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Department, Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University, 1st xueshi road, Hangzhou, 310006, China. meoo33@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010502:Perineum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014621:Vagina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Endometriosis; Episiotomy; Local excision; Perineum; Vulva