title: Prevalence of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in a Cohort of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: The Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study (VNDS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular autonomic diabetic neuropathy (CAN) is a serious complication of diabetes. No reliable data on the prevalence of CAN among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes are available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of CAN among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 557 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular autonomic test results available was selected. Early and confirmed neuropathy were assessed using a standardized methodology and their prevalences determined. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was modeled to study the factors associated with CAN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the entire cohort, the prevalence of confirmed CAN was 1.8%, whereas that of early CAN was 15.3%. Prevalence did not differ between men and women. In the multivariate analyses BMI results were independently and significantly associated with CAN after adjusting for age, sex, hemoglobin A1c, pulse pressure, triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, kidney function parameters, and antihypertensive treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAN could be detected very early in type 2 diabetes. This study may suggest the importance of performing standardized cardiovascular autonomic tests after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy giacomo.zoppini@univr.it.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoppini
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cacciatori
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raimondo
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Marialuisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gemma
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trombetta
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dauriz
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brangani
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pichiri
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stoico
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergamini
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Targher
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santi
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Institute of Bioengineering, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thomaseth
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Institute of Bioengineering, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellavere
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bonadonna
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonora
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides