title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage Repair: A Review.
abstract: Articular cartilage lesions are a common pathology of the knee joint, and many patients may benefit from cartilage repair surgeries that offer the chance to avoid the development of osteoarthritis or delay its progression. Cartilage repair surgery, no matter the technique, requires a noninvasive, standardized, and high-quality longitudinal method to assess the structure of the repair tissue. This goal is best fulfilled by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The present article provides an overview of the current state of the art of MRI of cartilage repair. In the first 2 sections, preclinical and clinical MRI of cartilage repair tissue are described with a focus on morphological depiction of cartilage and the use of functional (biochemical) MR methodologies for the visualization of the ultrastructure of cartilage repair. In the third section, a short overview is provided on the regulatory issues of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) regarding MR follow-up studies of patients after cartilage repair surgeries.
authors.affiliation: MR Centre - High Field MR, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trattnig
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Carl S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Winalski
authors.affiliation: Trauma Surgery Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marlovits
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Jukka S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jurvelin
authors.affiliation: MR Centre - High Field MR, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Goetz H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Welsch
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, MRI, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Hollis G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Potter
keywords: articular cartilage; cartilage repair; glycosaminoglycans; knee; magnetic resonance imaging