title: Association Between Sagittal Balance and Scoliosis in Patients with Parkinson Disease: A Cross-sectional Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the association between scoliosis and sagittal balance parameters in Parkinson disease patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty percent of the cohort presented a scoliosis larger than 11 degrees; 84% of the patients with scoliosis presented a thoracolumbar curve, 10% presented a thoracic one, and 6% presented a lumbar one. The group with scoliosis curves presented a lower spinosacral angle (111.6 [21.9] degrees vs. 121.7 [9.8] degrees, P < 0.05), whereas thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and spinopelvic angle were similar. Pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, and sacral slope were not statistically different. In the scoliosis group, the authors found negative correlations for lumbar lordosis/spinopelvic angle, sacral slope/spinosacral angle, and lumbar lordosis/pelvic tilt. Moreover, the sacral slope/pelvic tilt correlation was positive in patients without scoliosis and negative in others. The two groups did not present differences regarding age, years of disease, Hoehn-Yahr score, and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-motor section.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pelvic parameters were similar in the two groups, whereas spinosacral angle was lower in patients with scoliosis. The prevalence of scoliosis in Parkinson disease was higher than what was previously described and the thoracolumbar spine was the mostly affected.
authors.affiliation: From the Casa di Cura Domus Salutis, Brescia, Italy (LB); LARIN: Neuromuscular and Adapted Physical Activity Laboratory, Brescia, Italy (LB, MG); ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute), Milan, Italy (SD, FZ); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (MG, SN); and IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy (JHV, SN).
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bissolotti
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donzelli
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gobbo
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaina
authors.forename: Jorge Hugo
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Villafañe
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negrini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*