title: Comparison of the Effects of Topical Ketamine and Tramadol on Postoperative Pain After Mandibular Molar Extraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the analgesic efficacy of postoperative tramadol versus ketamine for preventing pain after mandibular molar extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients who had undergone molar extraction were randomly divided into 3 groups: group T (tramadol 1 mg/kg), group K (ketamine 0.5 mg/kg), and group P (saline 2 mL). The treatment was applied to the extraction sockets using resorbable gelatin sponges. Pain after extraction was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VAS scores after extraction were statistically higher in group P than in either treatment group. Group K had the lowest pain intensity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that topical tramadol and ketamine are effective alternatives for decreasing pain after molar extractions.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: onurgonul96@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gönül
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tülin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satilmiş
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alanur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciftci
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sipahi
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garip
authors.affiliation: Professor, Head of Department, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Göker
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014147:Tramadol; D007649:Ketamine