title: Individual, social and contextual factors associated with psychiatric care outcomes among patients with intellectual disabilities in the emergency department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are disproportionately high users of psychiatric emergency services. Despite the demand for psychiatric assessments in the emergency department (ED), no clear guidelines have been established as to what factors should guide clinical decision-making processes. The current study aimed to explore individual, social and contextual factors related to psychiatric care outcomes among patients with ID in the emergency department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency department charts were reviewed for 66 individuals with ID who visited the emergency department during a psychiatric crisis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Standardised crisis severity scores were significantly higher in patients seen by psychiatrists as compared with patients who did not receive psychiatric consultations in the emergency department. A significantly greater proportion of patients with moderate or severe levels of ID (vs. borderline/mild) received psychiatric consultations. Emergency department visits resulting in inpatient hospital admission did not differ from those that did not, with the exception of the level of ID: patients admitted to psychiatric inpatient care were more likely to have moderate or severe levels of ID.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The psychiatric care experiences of patients with ID in the emergency department appear highly variable. Further research focused on emergency department clinical decision-making practices concerning this population is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tint
authors.affiliation: Underserved Populations Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lunsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: emergency services; intellectual disability; mental health; psychiatric crisis