title: Prevalence of Optic Disc Hemorrhage in Korea: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the prevalence of disc hemorrhage (DH) and the associated factors of DH in a large Korean population based on the data from the nationwide cross-sectional survey, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of the KNHANES dataset covering January 2012 to December 2012. A total of 5612 subjects aged 19 years and older had completed health interviews, physical examinations, and ophthalmologic assessment, including comprehensive glaucoma evaluation. Two masked graders evaluated the fundus photography to detect DH. The prevalence of DH in each subject was defined as the presence of DH in at least one eye.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated prevalence of DH in the Korean population aged 19 years and older was 0.42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.67), which increased with age, 1.04-fold in 1 year and 1.54-fold in 10 years, according to Poisson regression analysis. The estimated prevalences of DH were 0.54% in subjects aged 30 years and older, 0.67% in those aged 40 years and older, and 0.71% in those aged 50 years and older. Glaucoma was diagnosed in 4.18% (95% CI, 3.58-4.88) of cases, and the prevalence of DH in glaucomatous subjects was 2.82% (95% CI, 1.53-5.14). In a multivariate analysis, the occurrence of DH was significantly associated with age (P < 0.001) and the presence of glaucoma (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalences of DH among Koreans are similar to the figures reported by previous population-based studies for the same age ranges. Associated factors were age and glaucoma. The presence of DH suggested the presence of glaucoma with a positive predictive value of 41.4%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dai Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea 4Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kook
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jeoung
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Myung
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult