title: Co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease.
abstract: The co-occurrence of celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1DM) has been reported as 5-7 times more prevalent than CD alone. The clinical presentation and natural history of CD in patients with T1DM may vary considerably. Less than 10% of patients with T1DM and CD show gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, experts support screening for CD in T1DM patients, though there is no consensus as to the recommended frequency of screening. When stratified by time since CD diagnosis, longer follow-up and coexistence of CD are associated with significant increased risk of diabetic associated morbidity and mortality. Early CD diagnosis and treatment with a gluten-free diet are essential.
authors.affiliation: Amit Akirov, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tikva 49100, Israel.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akirov
authors.affiliation: Amit Akirov, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tikva 49100, Israel.
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pinhas-Hamiel
keywords: Celiac disease; Gluten free diet; Glycemic control; Pediatrics; Type 1 diabetes mellitus