title: Application of computational models to estimate organ radiation dose in rainbow trout from uptake of molybdenum-99 with comparison to iodine-131.
abstract: This study compares three anatomical phantoms for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for the purpose of estimating organ radiation dose and dose rates from molybdenum-99 ((99)Mo) uptake in the liver and GI tract. Model comparison and refinement is important to the process of determining accurate doses and dose rates to the whole body and the various organs. Accurate and consistent dosimetry is crucial to the determination of appropriate dose-effect relationships for use in environmental risk assessment. The computational phantoms considered are (1) a geometrically defined model employing anatomically relevant organ size and location, (2) voxel reconstruction of internal anatomy obtained from CT imaging, and (3) a new model utilizing NURBS surfaces to refine the model in (2). Dose Conversion Factors (DCFs) for whole body as well as selected organs of O. mykiss were computed using Monte Carlo modeling and combined with empirical models for predicting activity concentration to estimate dose rates and ultimately determine cumulative radiation dose (μGy) to selected organs after several half-lives of (99)Mo. The computational models provided similar results, especially for organs that were both the source and target of radiation (less than 30% difference between all models). Values in the empirical model as well as the 14 day cumulative organ doses determined from (99)Mo uptake are compared to similar models developed previously for (131)I. Finally, consideration is given to treating the GI tract as a solid organ compared to partitioning it into gut contents and GI wall, which resulted in an order of magnitude difference in estimated dose for most organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Ct, Anderson, SC 29625, USA. Electronic address: nmarti3@clemson.edu.
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pinder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D008982:Molybdenum
keywords: Molybdenum-99; Monte Carlo; Radiation dosimetry; Radioecology; Rainbow trout