title: Return to Sports after Articular Cartilage Repair in the Football (Soccer) Player.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability to return to football (soccer) presents a critical aspect for successful treatment of articular cartilage injury in the football (soccer) player.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information about sports participation after articular cartilage repair was collected from the literature. Special focus was placed on data in football athletes with information on return rate, timing of return, level of postoperative competition, and the ability to compete in the sport over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty studies describing 1,469 athletes including football players with articular cartilage injury were reviewed. Average return to sport was 79% without a significant difference in return rate or postoperative level of play between cartilage repair techniques. Time to return varied between 7 to 17 months, with the longest time for autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACI). Advanced sport-specific rehabilitation was able to reduce recovery time. Durability of results was best after ACI, with up to 96% continued sport participation after more than 3 years. Player age, time between injury and treatment, competitive level, defect size, and repair tissue morphology affected the ability to return to play. Sports participation after cartilage repair generally promoted joint restoration and functional recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Articular cartilage repair allows for a high rate of return to high-impact sports including football, often at the preinjury competitive level. The time of return and durability can be variable and depend on repair technique and athlete-specific factors. Advanced, sport-specific rehabilitation can facilitate return to football.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mithoefer
authors.affiliation: Isokinetic Medical Group, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Della Villa
keywords: articular; athletics; cartilage; injury; knee; repair; resurfacing; sport