title: Preparation of robust polyamide microcapsules by interfacial polycondensation of p-phenylenediamine and sebacoyl chloride and plasticization with oleic acid.
abstract: Microcapsules produced by interfacial polycondensation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and sebacoyl chloride (SC) were studied. The products were characterized in terms of morphology, mean diameter and effectiveness of dodecane encapsulation. The use of Tween 20 as dispersion stabilizer, in comparison with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), reduced considerably the mean diameter of the microcapsules and originated smoother wall surfaces. When compared to ethylenediamine (EDA), microcapsules produced with PPD monomer were more rigid and brittle, prone to fracture during processing and ineffective retention of the core liquid. The use of diethylenetriamine (DETA) cross-linker in combination with PPD did not decrease capsule fragility. On the other hand, addition of a small fraction of oleic acid to the organic phase remarkably improved wall toughness and lead to successful encapsulation of the core-oil. Oleic acid is believed to act as a plasticizer. Its incorporation in the polymeric wall was demonstrated by FTIR and (1)H-NMR.
authors.affiliation: LEPABE, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto , rua Dr. Roberto Frias , Portugal .
authors.forename: Natacha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Gabriela V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Margarida M S M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: Joana R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gois
authors.forename: Jorge F J
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Fernão D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Magalhães
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D002214:Capsules / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D002214:Capsules; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C061659:sebacoyl chloride; C007548:n-dodecane; D019301:Oleic Acid; C029728:4-phenylenediamine
keywords: Fragility; interfacial polymerization; mechanical stability; microencapsulation; smooth surface; surfactant