title: Microbial reduction and precipitation of vanadium (V) in groundwater by immobilized mixed anaerobic culture.
abstract: Vanadium is an important contaminant impacted by natural and industrial activities. Vanadium (V) reduction efficiency as high as 87.0% was achieved by employing immobilized mixed anaerobic sludge as inoculated seed within 12h operation, while V(IV) was the main reduction product which precipitated instantly. Increasing initial V(V) concentration resulted in the decrease of V(V) removal efficiency, while this index increased first and then decreased with the increase of initial COD concentration, pH and conductivity. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analysis indicated the decreased microbial diversity. V(V) reduction was realized through dissimilatory reduction process by significantly enhanced Lactococcus and Enterobacter with oxidation of lactic and acetic acids from fermentative microorganisms such as the enriched Paludibacter and the newly appeared Acetobacterium, Oscillibacter. This study is helpful to detect new functional species for V(V) reduction and constitutes a step ahead in developing in situ bioremediations of vanadium contamination.
authors.affiliation: School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: zbgcugb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Baogang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Liting
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Caixing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Songhu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Chuanping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Jinren
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK.
authors.forename: Alistair G L
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Borthwick
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D013142:Spirochaeta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014639:Vanadium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014639:Vanadium
keywords: Anaerobic sludge; High-throughput pyrosequencing; Microbial community diversity; Microbial reduction; Vanadium (V)