title: Time-lapse videography of human embryos: Using pronuclear fading rather than insemination in IVF and ICSI cycles removes inconsistencies in time to reach early cleavage milestones.
abstract: Time-lapse videography showed that human early cleavage embryos were quicker following intracytoplasmic sperm injection to reach developmental milestones compared to in vitro fertilization when using insemination as the timing start point (t0), due to differences in the time taken for embryos to reach pronuclear fading (PNF). These differences disappeared when PNF was used as t0. Using a biological rather than procedural t0 will allow a unified assessment strategy to be applied to all cycles irrespective of the insemination method.
authors.affiliation: Fertility North, Joondalup Private Hospital, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: yanhe.liu@fertilitynorth.com.au.
authors.forename: Yanhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Fertility North, Joondalup Private Hospital, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.affiliation: Fertility North, Joondalup Private Hospital, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Feenan
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Fertility North, Joondalup Private Hospital, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matson
mesh_terms: D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004477:Ectogenesis; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging; D017388:Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer
keywords: Embryo; In vitro fertilization; Intracytoplasmic sperm injection; Pronuclear fading; Time-lapse