title: Profiling of Oral and Nasal Microbiome in Children With Cleft Palate.
abstract: To identify the oral and nasal microbial profile of cleft palate children and control children and to reveal interrelationships between the microbiome and the high prevalence of infectious diseases.
  
  
  
  Saliva and nasal samples of 10 cleft palate children and 10 age-matched control children were analyzed. Total microbial genomic DNA was isolated, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was applied to obtain fingerprints, and selected bands on fingerprints were sequenced.
  
  
  
  The results revealed a significantly lower saliva microbial diversity in cleft children and a different microbial component in both saliva and nares in children with cleft palate. A higher component similarity between the oral and nasal samples was found in the cleft group than in the control group. Lautropia species and Bacillus species were significantly less present among the saliva samples of cleft group. Dolosigranulum species and Bacillus species were significantly fewer in the nasal cavity of cleft group. Streptococcus species became much more predominant in the nasal cavity of the cleft group than in that of the control group.
  
  
  
  A disturbed ecological ecosystem is found in oral and nasal microbiome of children with cleft palate as a consequence of the abnormal communication between the two cavities. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between the disturbed microbiome and diseases.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Renke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Mark Johannes
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Buijs
authors.forename: Jiyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: 16S rRNA; DGGE; cleft palate; microbiome diversity