title: Enhancing the efficacy of adoptive cellular therapy by targeting tumor-induced immunosuppression.
abstract: Strategies aimed at stimulating the immune system against cancer have signaled a new era for designing new effective therapies for patients. Recent breakthroughs in adoptive cellular therapy and in using checkpoint inhibitors for some patients have renewed much enthusiasm in this field. However, it has become apparent that tumors can use a multitude of inhibitory networks to effectively reduce antitumor immunity. This review discusses our current knowledge of these immune suppressive mechanisms used by tumors and describes potential new strategies that may counteract this problem resulting in significantly increasing therapeutic outcomes of adoptive immunotherapy in a higher proportion of patients.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Beavis
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Clare Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Slaney
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.|Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.|Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kershaw
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Neeson
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.|Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.|Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
authors.forename: Phillip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Darcy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: T cells; adoptive cellular therapy; checkpoint blockade; chemotherapy; chimeric antigen receptor; cytokine; genetic modification; immunosuppression; radiotherapy; tumor