title: A patient with urinary tract tuberculosis during treatment with etanercept.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors are widely used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there are several risks to use TNFα inhibitors. Given the properties of TNF-α inhibitors, prevention and early detection of tuberculosis (TB) are especially important. Even among TNF-α inhibitors, the risk of TB infection differs according to each drug. The incidence of TB is lowest with etanercept (ETN). We present a case of urinary tract TB during treatment with ETN.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 58-year-old woman was receiving ETN for RA. Before starting ETN, isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis was started. RA was well controlled by ETN. However, 32 months after starting ETN, she noticed urinary frequency and a sensation of residual urine. The diagnosis was elusive, and it took 3 months until urinary tract TB was finally diagnosed. The TB resolved with antituberculosis medication, but RA disease activity flared up after ETN was discontinued. ETN was resumed with careful monitoring for TB recurrence. After resuming ETN, the RA was again well controlled, with no recurrence of TB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients should be monitored for development of TB during ETN treatment, but ETN can be used safely with careful management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Shono Rheumatology Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shono
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Shono Rheumatology Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishimagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaura
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068800:Etanercept / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014401:Tuberculosis, Urogenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D000068800:Etanercept