title: Chemopreventive role of anthocyanins in atherosclerosis via activation of Nrf2-ARE as an indicator and modulator of redox.
abstract: Anthocyanins have been reported to induce the expression of enzymes involved in both cellular antioxidant defenses and attenuating inflammation-associated pathogenesis. Induction of such enzymes by edible anthocyanin largely accounts for their atherosclerosis chemo-protective activities. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an essential role in the coordinated induction of those genes encoding redox-responsive and cellular defense antioxidant enzyme termed antioxidant response element (ARE). Current studies have revealed that Nrf2-ARE signaling is involved in attenuating inflammation-associated pathogenesis such as atherosclerosis. Conversely, reduction in Nrf2 signaling leads to enhanced susceptibility to oxidative stress and inflammatory tissue injuries. The activation of Nrf2-ARE might inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediator including cyclooxygenase-2, chemokines, cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and induction nitric oxide synthase. This review highlights the gene expression induced by dietary anthocyanin via Nrf2 signaling on redox-regulated transcription factor in atherosclerosis disorders.
authors.affiliation: Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: anahita.aboonabi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anahita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aboonabi
authors.affiliation: Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: i.singh@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061745:Antioxidant Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018890:Chemoprevention; D006801:Humans; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2
keywords: Anthocyanin; Atherosclerosis; Nrf2–Keap1; Oxidative stress