title: A multistate framework for the analysis of subsequent injury in sport (M-FASIS).
abstract: Physical activity is beneficial for many aspects of health but is associated with a risk of injury. Studies that assess causal risk factors of injury and reinjury provide valuable information to help develop and improve injury prevention programs. However, the underlying assumptions of analytical approaches often used to estimate causal factors in injury and subsequent injury research are often violated. This means that ineffective or even harmful interventions could be proposed because the underlying analyses produced unreliable or invalid causal effect estimates. We describe an adapted version of the multistate framework [multistate framework for the analysis of subsequent injury in sport (M-FASIS)] that makes investigator choices more transparent with respect to outcome and healing time. In addition, M-FASIS incorporates all previous sport injury analytical frameworks and accounts for injuries or conditions that heal or do not heal to 100%, acute and overuse injuries, illnesses, and competing event outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shrier
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Stovitz
authors.affiliation: Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rauh
authors.affiliation: OSU Sports Health & Performance Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.|Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology, Family Medicine, Orthopaedics and Biomedical Engineering, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hewett
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Injury; methods; statistics