title: Pallidifloside D from Smilax riparia enhanced allopurinol effects in hyperuricemia mice.
abstract: Pallidifloside D, a saponin glycoside constituent from the total saponins of Smilax riparia, had been proved to be effective in hyperuricemic control. Allopurinol is a commonly used medication to treat hyperuricemia and its complications. In this study, we evaluated whether Pallidifloside D could enhance allopurinol's effects by decreasing the serum uric acid level in a hyperuricemic mouse model induced by potassium oxonate. We found that, compared with allopurinol alone, the combination of allopurinol and Pallidifloside D significantly decreased the serum uric acid level and increased the urine uric acid level (both P<0.05), leading to the normalized serum and urine uric acid concentrations. Data on serum, urine creatinine and BUN supported these observations. Our results showed that the synergistic effects of allopurinol combined with Pallidifloside D were linked to the inhibition of both serum and hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD), the down-regulation of renal mURAT1 and mGLUT9, and the up-regulation of mOAT1. Our data may have a potential value in clinical practice in the treatment of gout and other hyperuricemic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Pi-Yong
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health and Communication, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China. Electronic address: zhangyanwen@tijmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: longhui804@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000378:metabolism; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D027362:Organic Anion Transport Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032281:Smilax / Q000737:chemistry*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D006027:Glycosides; D006074:Gout Suppressants; D027362:Organic Anion Transport Protein 1; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D012503:Saponins; C109687:Slc22a12 protein, mouse; C105033:Slc22a6 protein, mouse; C498775:Slc2a9 protein, mouse; C000603145:pallidifloside D; D014527:Uric Acid; C489337:potassium oxonate; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D000493:Allopurinol; D003404:Creatinine; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
keywords: Allopurinol; GLUT9; Gout; Hyperuricemia; OAT1; Pallidifloside D; Smilax riparia; URAT1; XOD