title: Measuring mental well-being: A validation of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale in Norwegian and Swedish.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mental health, currently one of the biggest challenges worldwide, requires attention and research. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS), and validate the scale for use in Norway and Sweden. SWEMWBS, which includes both hedonic and eudemonic principles of mental well-being, could facilitate useful future studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected among Norwegian and Swedish hotel managers (N=600) through self-rated online questionnaires. Tests used to examine the psychometric properties of the scale included descriptive statistics, correlations, reliability analyses, and explorative factor analyses in SPSS, as well as confirmatory factor analyses in AMOS. Robustness tests were run for gender and country subsamples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scale showed adequate internal consistency and reliability. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed moderate fit in Norway and Sweden. In addition, the scale showed acceptable construct, criterion-related, and discriminant validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS were acceptable in both the Norwegian and the Swedish translations of the scale.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian School of Hotel Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia annie.haver@uis.no.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haver
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia Department of Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akerjordet
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia Centre for Health Initiatives, Innovation campus, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caputi
authors.affiliation: Norwegian School of Hotel Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Trude
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furunes
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia Centre for Health Initiatives, Innovation campus, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013548:Sweden; D014177:Translations
keywords: Emotional intelligence; Norway; SWEMWBS; Sweden; managers; mental health; mindfulness; positive and negative affect; well-being