title: The Impact of Medicaid Payer Status on Hospitalizations in Nursing Homes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between payer status (Medicaid vs. private-pay) and the risk of hospitalizations among long-term stay nursing home (NH) residents who reside in the same facility.
  The 2007-2010 National Medicare Claims and the Minimum Data Set were linked. We identified newly admitted NH residents who became long-stayers and then followed them for 180 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three dichotomous outcomes-all-cause, discretionary, and nondiscretionary hospitalizations during the follow-up period-were defined. Linear probability model with facility fixed-effects and robust SEs were used to examine the within-facility difference in hospitalizations between Medicaid and private-pay residents. A set of sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of all-cause hospitalization during a 180-day follow-up period was 23.3% among Medicaid residents compared with 21.6% among private-pay residents. After accounting for individual characteristics and facility effects, the probability of any all-cause hospitalization was 1.8-percentage point (P<0.01) higher for Medicaid residents than for private-pay residents within the same facility. We also found that Medicaid residents were more likely to be hospitalized for discretionary conditions (5% increase in the likelihood of discretionary hospitalizations), but not for nondiscretionary conditions. The findings from the sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a higher hospitalization rate among Medicaid NH residents than private-pay residents. The difference is in part driven by the financial incentives NHs have to hospitalize Medicaid residents.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY †Center for Gerontology & Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI ‡Department of Medicine, Geriatrics/Aging (SMD), University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY §Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.
authors.forename: Shubing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Dallas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Dana B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mukamel
mesh_terms: D005382:Financing, Personal; D006302:Health Services Research; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008484:Medicaid / Q000191:economics*; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000191:economics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States