title: Sewage as a rich source of phage study against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO.
abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous organism which has emerged as a major public health threat in hospital environments. Overuse of antibiotics has significantly exacerbated the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa. Phages are currently being utilized successfully for aquaculture, agriculture and veterinary applications. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize of lytic P. aeruginosa phage from sewage of Ilam, Iran. Phage was isolated from sewage that was added to the enrichment along with the host and subsequently filtered. Plaque assay was done by using an overlay method (also called the double agar layer method). Purified plaques were then amplified for characterization. Finally, RAPD-PCR method was conducted for genotyping and Transition electron micrograph (TEM) recruited to determine the morphology and phage family. The phage had high concentration and tremendous effects against a variety of clinical and general laboratory strains (ATCC15693) of P. aeruginosa. Among a set of primers in RAPD panel, only P2 and RAPD5 primers, were useful in differentiating the phages. TEM images revealed that the isolated phages were members of the Siphoviridae family. The phage effectiveness and specificity towards target bacteria and potential to control biofilm formations will be investigate in our further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azizian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Askari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Morovat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taheri Kalani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Nourkhoda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadeghifard
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pakzad
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Razieh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Sasan
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mozaffari Nejad
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Electronic address: azizijalilian@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi Jalilian
mesh_terms: D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D017105:Pseudomonas Phages / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000821:virology*; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage
keywords: Bacteriophage; Lytic phage; Phage therapy; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; RAPD-PCR; TEM