title: Performance of prenatal diagnosis in esophageal atresia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of prenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia (EA) and its associated abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study from a pediatric database of EA managed postnatally in a single center. Prenatal data included ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging parameters including amniotic fluid (AF) volume, stomach visualization, AF biochemistry, and associated malformations. Postnatal data included type of EA, mortality, and postnatal diagnosis of associated malformations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-two cases were included. The diagnosis was suspected prenatally in 39/122 (32%) cases. Polyhydramnios was noted in 64/122 (52.4%), and the stomach was not visualized or small in 39 (32%). There was 14 (11.5%), 2 (1.6%), 101 (82.8%), 5 (4.1%), and 0 (0%) types I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. EA was suspected prenatally in 12/14 (85.7%) in type I and in 27/108 (25%) in cases with tracheoesophageal fistula (II + III + IV + V). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 28 cases, which confirmed EA in 19/28 (sensitivity 67.8%). AF biochemistry was performed in 17 cases, which confirmed EA in 15/17 (sensitivity 88.2%) cases. Of the 69 syndromic associations, 41/69 (59.4%) cases were detected prenatally. Associated malformation was a strong predictor of postnatal death [19/69 vs 3/53, odds ratio 6.33 (1.76; 22.75), p < 0.01].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenatal diagnosis of EA remains challenging. MRI and AF biochemistry may prove useful in the diagnosis of EA. Prenatal ultrasound and MRI examination should also focus on associated anomalies. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spaggiari
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonigo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Elodie
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Millischer-Bellaiche
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatalogy, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kermorvant-Duchemin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.|University Paris Ile de France Ouest, Versailles Saint-Quentin, France.
authors.forename: Francoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Czerkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ville
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.|Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laurent J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Salomon
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D000649:Amniocentesis; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal