title: Facile Preparation of Molybdenum Bronzes as an Efficient Hole Extraction Layer in Organic Photovoltaics.
abstract: We proposed a facile and green one-pot strategy to synthesize Mo bronzes nanoparticles to serve as an efficient hole extraction layer in polymer solar cells. Mo bronzes were obtained through reducing the fractional self-aggregated ammonium heptamolybdate with appropriate reducing agent ascorbic acid, and its optoelectronic properties were fully characterized. The synthesized Mo bronzes displayed strong n-type semiconductor characteristics with a work function of 5.2-5.4 eV, matched well with the energy levels of current donor polymers. The presented gap states of the Mo bronzes near the Fermi level were beneficial for facilitating charge extraction. The as-synthesized Mo bronzes were used as hole extraction layer in polymer solar cells and significantly enhanced the photovoltaic performance and stability. The power conversion efficiency was increased by more than 18% compared with the polyethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate-based reference cell. The excellent performance and facile preparation render the as-synthesized solution-processed Mo bronzes nanoparticles a promising candidate for hole extraction layer in low-cost and efficient polymer solar cells.
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.|‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jiantai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.|‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.|‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Baohua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lixiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Mo bronzes; hole extraction layer; organic photovoltaics; solution-processing; stability