title: Racial disparities in in vitro fertilization outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of race on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women who underwent a first autologous IVF cycle at Fertility Centers of Illinois from January 2010 to December 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was collected on baseline characteristics, cycle parameters, and outcomes. Race was self-reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical intrauterine pregnancy and live birth rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 4,045 women were included: 3,003 white (74.2%), 213 black (5.3%), 541 Asian (13.4%), and 288 Hispanic women (7.1%). A multivariable logistic regression was performed to control for confounders. Compared with white women, the adjusted odds ratio for clinical intrauterine pregnancy was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.88) in black women, 0.73 (95% CI 0.60-0.90) in Asian women, and 0.82 (95% CI 0.62-1.07) in Hispanic women. The adjusted odds ratio for live birth was 0.50 (95% CI 0.33-0.72) in black women, 0.64 (95% CI 0.51-0.80) in Asian women, and 0.80 (95% CI 0.60-1.06) in Hispanic women compared with white women. The spontaneous abortion rate was 14.6% in white women versus 28.9% in black women, 20.6% in Asian women, and 15.3% in Hispanic women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black and Asian women had lower odds of clinical intrauterine pregnancy and live birth and higher rates of spontaneous abortion compared with white women. Further research is needed to better characterize the mechanisms associated with this racial disparity and to improve treatment options for black and Asian women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Dana B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McQueen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schufreider
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Sang Mee
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois; Fertility Centers of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Eve C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Feinberg
authors.affiliation: Fertility Centers of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: meike.uhler@integramed.com.
authors.forename: Meike L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Uhler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology*; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000639:trends*; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D050498:Live Birth / Q000208:ethnology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology*
keywords: Racial disparity; infertility; in vitro fertilization