title: Use of forecasted assessment of quality of life to validate time-trade-off utilities and a prostate cancer screening decision-analytic model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the forecasted assessment of how someone would feel in a future health state can be predictive of utilities (e.g. as elicited by the time-trade-off method) and also predictive of optimal decisions as determined by a decision-analytic model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We elicited time-trade-off utilities for prostate cancer treatment outcomes from 168 men. We also elicited forecasted assessments, that is, an informal, non-quantitative, descriptive evaluation, of impotence and incontinence from these men. We used multivariate regression analysis to explore the relationship between forecasted assessment and reluctance to trade length for improved quality of life, that is, the unwillingness to trade length of life for improved quality of life in the time-trade-off utility assessment and the relationship between the forecasted assessments and the optimal decision of whether to undergo screening for prostate cancer as determined from a previously published decision-analytic model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Importance of sexual function was strongly related to impotence utilities (P < 0.05). Based on the multivariate analysis, significant predictors for the utility of severe incontinence were family income, family history of prostate cancer, work status and attitude towards needing to wear an incontinence pad. However, no variables were statistically significant predictors for the utility of complete impotence. The importance of sexual functioning was a significant predictor of the optimal decision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anticipated difficulty adjusting to adverse health effects were highly related to preferences and could be used as a proxy measure of utility. Similarly, the importance of sexual functioning, a future preference, was highly related to the optimal decision, which validates our previously published decision-analytic model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ashish A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.affiliation: The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Murray D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Krahn
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Volk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003657:Decision Making; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014549:Urinary Incontinence
keywords: decision making; decision support techniques; mass screening; prostate neoplasm; quality of life