title: Non-contact radiofrequency-induced reduction of subcutaneous abdominal fat correlates with initial cardiovascular autonomic balance and fat tissue hormones: safety analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The non-invasive reduction of subcutaneous abdominal fat became popular in the last decade. Radiofrequency (RF), non-contact, selective-field device Vanquish® has been developed to selectively induce deep fat tissue heating to reduce waist circumference. Our analysis evaluates immediate and sustained effects of this treatment on cardiovascular autonomic function and on selected metabolic parameters. Study design/ patients and methods: A retrospective proof-of-concept analysis of RF treatment effects was conducted in 20 individuals with metabolic syndrome, to reduce the subcutaneous abdominal fat. Four 30-minutes treatment sessions (manufacturer´s standard protocol) were performed in 1-week intervals. Vital signs, ECG, lab screening, body composition, subcutaneous fat thickness and spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) have been examined before, after the 1 (st) and 4 (th) treatment, and at follow-up visits 1 month and 3 months after the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RF treatment led to a significant reduction of abdominal circumference after the 4 (th) session (p<0.001), and during follow-up after 1 and 3 months (p<0.001 and p<0.02, resp.). There was a significant correlation (r=-0.58, p=0.007) between reduction of abdominal circumference and initial very-low frequency (VLF) spectral power at 1 month follow-up. A significant increase of cumulative spectral power in low frequency (p=0.02) and reduction in high frequency (p=0.05) band have been observed immediately (20 +14 minutes) after the treatment. On the contrary, no sustained impact on autonomic balance has been recorded 39 +18 days after the treatment. A significant correlation between the initial adiponectin values and immediate autonomic response to one treatment was observed in VLF and total spectral bands (r>0.59, p<0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis shows that the selective-field RF treatment is safe and efficient for reduction of subcutaneous abdominal fat. While the treatment increases the immediate sympathetic response of the body to deep tissue heating, no sustained change in autonomic function could be recorded at 1 month follow-up. The observed correlation between initial VLF spectral power and waist circumference reduction at follow-up, as well as the association of initial adiponectin values and immediate autonomic response to the treatment might be instrumental for decisions on body contouring strategies.
authors.affiliation: International Research Group Functional Rehabilitation & Group Education, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Vila Krasy Aesthetic Centre, Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic, Olomouc, 779 00, Czech Republic ; Department of Internal Medicine I and Department of Sports Medicine and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University Palacky Medical School, Olomouc, 771 47, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pumprla
authors.affiliation: International Research Group Functional Rehabilitation & Group Education, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Center of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Internal Medicine/Diabetology Clinic, Prevention and Aesthetics Centre, Vienna, 1170, Austria.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Howorka
authors.affiliation: Vila Krasy Aesthetic Centre, Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic, Olomouc, 779 00, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kolackova
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I and Department of Sports Medicine and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University Palacky Medical School, Olomouc, 771 47, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Eliska
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sovova
keywords: Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, selective-field radiofrequency, body contouring, subcutaneous fat reduction, heart rate variability, autonomic control