title: The impact of antioxidant agents complimentary to periodontal therapy on oxidative stress and periodontal outcomes: A systematic review.
abstract: There is significant evidence linking chronic periodontitis (CP) and oxidative stress (OS). CP is a multifactorial infecto-inflammatory disease caused by the interaction of microbial agents present in the biofilm associated with host susceptibility and environmental factors. OS is a condition that arises when there is an imbalance between the levels of free radicals (FR) and its antioxidant defences. Antioxidants, defined as substances that are able to delay or prevent the oxidation of a substrate, exist in all bodily tissues and fluids, and their function is to protect against FR. This systematic review assessed the effects of the complimentary use of antioxidant agents to periodontal therapy in terms of oxidative stress/antioxidants. Only randomised, controlled, double-blind or blind studies were included. The majority of the included studies were performed in chronic periodontitis patients. Lycopene, vitamin C, vitamin E, capsules with fruits/vegetables/berry and dietary interventions were the antioxidant approaches employed. Only the studies that used lycopene and vitamin E demonstrated statistically significant improvement when compared to a control group in terms of periodontal parameters. However, oxidative stress outcomes did not follow the same pattern throughout the studies. It may be concluded that the use of some antioxidants has the potential to improve periodontal clinical parameters. The role of antioxidant/oxidative stress parameters needs further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil. Electronic address: wilkermustafa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Denstistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 949, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-160, Brazil. Electronic address: sergianab@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sergiana Barbosa
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Denstistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 949, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-160, Brazil. Electronic address: lucas_v_mendes@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Francisco Lucas Vasconcelos
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil. Electronic address: ckrosing@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cassiano Kuchenbecker
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rösing
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Periodontology, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University Ceará, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 949, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-160, Brazil. Electronic address: monicastudartmoreira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria Mônica Studart Mendes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University Ceará, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 949, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-160, Brazil. Electronic address: gmatos@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Geanne Matos
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Periodontology, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University Ceará, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 949, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-160, Brazil. Electronic address: roseperio@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Rosimary de Sousa
authors.initials: Rde S
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Chronic periodontitis; Periodontal diseases; Reactive oxygen species; Respiratory burst; Superoxide dismutase; Vitamins