title: Lactulose production from milk concentration permeate using calcium carbonate-based catalysts.
abstract: Milk concentration permeate (MCP), a low-value by-product of ultrafiltration plants and calcium carbonate-based catalysts were used for lactulose production. The results obtained show the effectiveness of oyster shell powder and limestone for lactose isomerisation as a replacement for egg shell powder. With the reaction conditions of 12mg/ml catalyst loading, reflux time of 120min at 96°C, a maximum yield of 18-21% lactulose was achievable at a cost of <50% of original lactose degradation (measured by HPLC). De-proteination of MCP by acidification prior to isomerisation helped lactulose formation in the earlier stages, but did not significantly increase the yield. The resulting lactulose MCP (40°B) incorporated at the rate of 3-4% was effective in enhancing the growth rate and acid production of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5) in probiotic products.
authors.affiliation: RMIT University, School of Applied Sciences - Food Science, 124, La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
authors.forename: Tatdao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paseephol
authors.affiliation: RMIT University, School of Applied Sciences - Food Science, 124, La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
authors.forename: Darryl M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Small
authors.affiliation: RMIT University, School of Applied Sciences - Food Science, 124, La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. Electronic address: frank.sherkat@rmit.edu.au.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sherkat
keywords: Calcium carbonate; Egg shell powder; Lactose; Lactulose; Milk concentration permeate; Oyster shell powder