title: Current Management of Heart Failure: When to Refer to Heart Failure Specialist and When Hospice is the Best Option.
abstract: Heart failure is a common syndrome caused by different abnormalities of the cardiovascular system that result in impairment of the ventricles in filling or ejecting blood. It is one of the most common causes of hospitalization in the United States, with a very high cost to the health care system. This article focuses on the causes of left ventricle dysfunction and the presentation and management of heart failure, both acute and chronic.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Heart Failure and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Einstein Medical Center, Moss Building, 3rd Floor, 5501 Old York Road, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bozorgnia
authors.affiliation: Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Center, The Jefferson Heart Institute, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut Street, Suite 323A, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: Paul.Mather@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mather
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019468:Disease Management; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D017051:Hospice Care; D010808:Physical Examination; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents
keywords: Acute and chronic management; Heart failure; Hospice care; Hospital care