title: Ibrutinib, idelalisib and obinutuzumab for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: three new arrows aiming at the target.
abstract: Over the last 20 years there have been sustained and dramatic improvements in the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Until 1990, therapy for CLL was based on alkylating agents, chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide, which did not impact meaningfully on overall survival. The more recent therapeutic regimens, built on combination chemoimmunotherapy, achieve complete responses in 40-50% of cases. However, these regimens are limited in their applicability mostly to the treatment of younger and physically fit patients due to their associated toxicity. Furthermore, since disease progression and drug resistance are considered inevitable, CLL remains incurable. Fortunately, significant progress in the understanding of CLL biology has enabled the development of new molecular drugs targeting the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, such as ibrutinib and idelalisib, which have shown impressive results in patients with relapsed/refractory disease or with TP53 mutation/deletion. Furthermore, obinutuzumab, a type II anti-CD20 antibody, which results in direct cell death and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, also has proven efficacy when used in combination with chlorambucil in previously untreated and unfit patients. All these three new drugs have recently received FDA approval for the treatment of CLL. This review focuses on the role of ibrutinib, idelalisib and obinutuzumab in therapy of CLL.
authors.affiliation: a Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology , A.O. of Cosenza , Cosenza , Italy.
authors.forename: Fortunato
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.affiliation: a Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology , A.O. of Cosenza , Cosenza , Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: b Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.affiliation: c Hadassah University Hospital and Hebrew University Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polliack
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077329:Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000378:metabolism; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058543:Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010880:Piperidines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011687:Purines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D052999:Quinazolinones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010880:Piperidines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011687:Purines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D052999:Quinazolinones; C551803:ibrutinib; D058543:Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000077329:Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase; D000225:Adenine; C543332:obinutuzumab; C552946:idelalisib
keywords: CLL; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; ibrutinib; idelalisib; obinutuzumab; targeted therapy