title: Developmental pluripotency-associated 4: a novel predictor for prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Developmental pluripotency-associated 4 (Dppa4) gene plays an important role in self-renewal and pluripotency sustainability in embryonic stem cells. It is re-expressed in several malignant tumors and is identified as a new pluripotency-related oncogene. The present study investigates the expression and clinical significance of Dppa4 in colon cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to evaluate Dppa4 mRNA and protein expression in 39 pairs of fresh-frozzen colon cancer samples, which were compared with adjacent normal mucosa. The Dppa4 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques using colon tissue microarrays (TMA). The sample included 185 cancer specimens and corresponding normal colorectal mucosa. The effect of Dppa4 knockdown on colorectal cancer cell proliferation was investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assays and colony-formation assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the mRNA and protein level expression of Dppa4 gene was found to be upregulated in colon cancer tissues. Furthermore, the upregulated expression of Dppa4 was significantly correlated with the results of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P = 0.01), invasion depth (P = 0.028), nodal involvement (P = 0.012), distant metastasis (P = 0.003), and differentiation (P = 0.002). Dppa4 was also shown to be an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival (HR 6.118, 95 % CI 3.004-12.462) and overall survival (HR 6.348, 95 % CI 2.875-14.014) for patients with colon cancer. Knockdown of Dppa4 expression inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines through G1/S transition regulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that Dppa4 might play an important role in colon cancer progression and function as a novel prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. doc_zm@163.com.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Departments of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. viviancui01@163.com.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. xuxulusu@163.com.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. luhuijun88885@163.com.
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Departments of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. sjtuyingmingxue@163.com.
authors.forename: Yingming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Departments of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. 1986wangjingtao@163.com.
authors.forename: Jingtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Departments of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. yufuchenjian@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Departments of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. sunshinezsl1989@163.com.
authors.forename: Senlin
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authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. sjtushfm@163.com.
authors.forename: Shaofei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. zhangyugood217@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Departments of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. shmuyuyang@163.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Departments of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. peng_zhihai@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhihai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiiated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. huamei-tang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Huamei
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mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C520847:3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010666:Phenylpropionates