title: Infertility, fertility treatment, and risk of hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between infertility and fertility treatments on subsequent risk of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 116,430 female nurses, followed from 1993 to June 2011, as part of the Nurses' Health Study II cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported, physician-diagnosed hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with women who have never reported infertility, infertile women were at no greater risk of hypertension (multivariable adjusted relative risk (RR) = 1.01, with 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.94-1.07]). Infertility due to tubal disease was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (RR = 1.15 [1.01-1.31]), but no other diagnoses were associated with hypertension risk, compared with women who did not report infertility (ovulatory disorder: RR = 1.03 [0.94-1.13]; cervical: RR = 0.88 [0.70-1.10]; male factor: RR = 1.05 [0.95-1.15]; other reason: RR = 1.02 [0.94-1.11]; reason not found: RR = 1.02 [0.95-1.10]). Infertile women collectively had 5,070 cases of hypertension. No clear pattern between use of fertility treatment and hypertension was found among infertile women (clomiphene citrate: RR = 0.97 [0.90-1.04]; gonadotropin alone: RR = 0.97 [0.87-1.08]; intrauterine insemination: RR = 0.86 [0.71-1.03]; in vitro fertilization: RR = 0.86 [0.73-1.01]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among this relatively young cohort of women, no apparent increase occurred in hypertension risk among infertile women, or among women who had undergone fertility treatment previously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: lfarland@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Leslie V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Farland
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grodstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Serene S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Srouji
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rich-Edwards
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chavarro
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Stacey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Missmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends*
keywords: Assisted reproduction; IUI; IVF/ICSI outcome; epidemiology; infertility