title: Music therapy as specific and complementary training for adults after cochlear implantation: A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although cochlear implant (CI) users achieve good speech comprehension, they experience difficulty perceiving music and prosody in speech. As the provision of music training in rehabilitation is limited, a novel concept of music therapy for rehabilitation of adult CI users was developed and evaluated in this pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve unilaterally implanted, postlingually deafened CI users attended ten sessions of individualized and standardized training. The training started about 6 weeks after the initial activation of the speech processor. Before and after therapy, psychological and musical tests were applied in order to evaluate the effects of music therapy. CI users completed the musical tests in two conditions: bilateral (CI + contralateral, unimplanted ear) and unilateral (CI only).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After therapy, improvements were observed in the subjective sound quality (Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index) and the global score on the self-concept questionnaire (Multidimensional Self-Concept Scales) as well as in the musical subtests for melody recognition and for timbre identification in the unilateral condition. Discussion Preliminary results suggest improvements in subjective hearing and music perception, with an additional increase in global self-concept and enhanced daily listening capacities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel concept of individualized music therapy seems to provide an effective treatment option in the rehabilitation of adult CI users. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate effects in the area of prosody perception and to separate therapy effects from general learning effects in CI rehabilitation.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Argstatter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grapp
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Plinkert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001307:Auditory Perception; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D012048:Correction of Hearing Impairment / Q000379:methods*; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cochlear implant; Music perception; Music therapy; Rehabilitation