title: Evaluation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction markers for the detection of breast cancer cells in ovarian tissue stored for fertility preservation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop molecular tools increasing the sensitivity of breast cancer micrometastases detection within ovarian tissue cryopreserved for fertility preservation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of breast markers was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in ovarian tissue from patients with benign or cancerous diseases. Suspected tissues were long-term xenografted into mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic research institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing a fertility preservation procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovarian tissue was processed for RNA extraction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Cryopreserved ovarian cortex from patients with breast cancer or benign disease was grafted for 6 months into severe combined immunodeficiency mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Predictive values of mammaglobin 1 (MGB-1), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), small breast epithelial mucine (SBEM), and mammaglobin 2 (MGB-2) to detect breast cancer cells in ovarian tissue, and the potential development of cancerous disease after xenograft of ovarian cortex from breast cancer patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MGB-1 and GCDFP-15 presented the highest predictive values to detect breast cancer micrometastases in the ovarian cortex, with an efficiency reaching 100% and 77%, respectively. The MGB-2 assay resulted in a high false-positive rate (47%) in the ovarian cortex but could be used to detect breast cancer cells in ovarian medulla. MGB-1 was detected in three of five ovarian cortex samples from early-stage breast cancer patients but not in the ovarian tissue from advanced breast cancer patients (none of 10). None of the mice grafted with ovarian tissue expressing these markers developed cancerous disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MGB-1, GCDFP-15, and MGB-2 can serve as molecular markers for the detection of breast cancer micrometastases within the ovarian tissue of breast cancer patients. However, the clinical relevance of such a highly sensitive assay must be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bockstaele
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boulenouar
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Den Steen
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dechène
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsepelidis
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ligia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Craciun
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gynecopathology, Pathology Department, Erasmus University Hospital-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: idemeest@ulb.ac.be.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Demeestere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D059247:Fertility Preservation / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000592:standards*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Ovarian cryopreservation; breast cancer; mammaglobin-1; quantitative PCR; safety of autotransplantation