title: Reproductive and obstetric outcomes in mosaic Turner's Syndrome: a cross-sectional study and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Turner's syndrome (TS) is depicted as a total or partial absence of one X chromosome that results in ovarian dysgenesis. Chances of spontaneous pregnancy in TS are rare and the outcome of the pregnancies is known to be poor with an increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirths. Our aim is to evaluate reproductive and obstetric outcomes of natural conception and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in mosaic TS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 22 mosaic TS cases (seventeen 45,X/46,XX and five 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX karyotypes) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Live birth and abortion rates were found as 32.7 % and 67.3 %, respectively in 52 pregnancies. Implantation, clinical pregnancy and take home baby rates were detected as 3.7 %, 8.6 % and 5.7 %, respectively per IVF cycle as a result of 35 cycles. Fecundability analysis revealed that 5 % of the cases experienced first pregnancy within 6 months and 8 % within the first 2 years. Mosaicism ratio did not have an effect on the time to the first pregnancy (p = .149).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only a small proportion of the mosaic TS patients conceive in the first 2 years of the marriage. Age of menarche and age of marriage appear not to have any impact on the chance of conceiving. Mosaic TS cases should counseled about the low odds of pregnancy and high miscarriage rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. emekdoger@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Emek
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doğer
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. dryigit1@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yiğit
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Çakıroğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. yasinceylan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yasin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. eulak@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Esen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ulak
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Golcuk Military Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey. ozkan_ozdamar35@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Özkan
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Özdamar
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. dreraycaliskan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Eray
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Çalışkan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000235:genetics*; D006059:Gonadal Dysgenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009030:Mosaicism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics*; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*