title: Frequency of Dietary Recalls, Nutritional Assessment, and Body Composition Assessment in Men With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess different frequencies of dietary recalls while evaluating caloric intake and the percentage of macronutrients in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to examine the relations between caloric intake or percentage of macronutrients and assessment of whole and regional body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional and longitudinal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory and hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men with chronic (>1 y postinjury) motor complete SCI (N=16).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were asked to turn in a 5-day dietary recall on a weekly basis for 4 weeks. The averages of 5-, 3-, and 1-day dietary recalls for caloric intake and percentage of macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein) were calculated. Body composition was evaluated using whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. After overnight fast, basal metabolic rate (BMR) was evaluated using indirect calorimetry and total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caloric intake, percentage of macronutrients, BMR, and body composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caloric intake and percentage of macronutrients were not different after using 5-, 3-, and 1-day dietary recalls (P>.05). Caloric intake was significantly lower than TEE (P<.05). The percentage of fat accounted for 29% to 34% of the whole and regional body fat mass (P=.037 and P=.022). The percentage of carbohydrates was positively related to the percentage of whole-body lean mass (r=.54; P=.037) and negatively related to the percentage of fat mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of dietary recalls does not vary while evaluating caloric intake and macronutrients. Total caloric intake was significantly lower than the measured BMR and TEE. Percentages of dietary fat and carbohydrates are related to changes in body composition after SCI.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. Electronic address: ashraf.gorgey@va.gov.
authors.forename: Ashraf S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gorgey
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; College of Health and Human Performance, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Caleb
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caudill
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Transitional Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Sakita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sistrun
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Refka E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; Endocrinology Service, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Ranjodh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Teodoro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lavis
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gater
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Basal metabolism; Body composition; Carbohydrates; Diet; Fats; Nutritional assessment; Proteins; Rehabilitation; Spinal cord injuries