title: Biological fate and effects of propranolol in an experimental aquatic food chain.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the trophic transfer of the β-blocker propranolol (PRP) in an experimental aquatic food chain involving the green algae Scenedesmus obliquus, the water flea Daphnia magna and the crucian carp Carassius auratus, as well as the metabolism and effects of PRP in the liver of crucian carp. After a 48 h PRP aqueous exposure for algae, with a subsequent 48 h dietary exposure for daphnia and an 8d dietary exposure for crucian carp, PRP was observed in each trophic level, despite significant bioaccumulation did not occur in daphnia and crucian carp. A portion of the absorbed PRP was metabolized by the crucian carp to N-desisopropylated propranolol, propranolol glucuronic acid, monohydroxylated propranolol, hydroxypropranolol glucuronide and dihydroxypropranolol glucuronide, which were similar to those in mammals. In addition, multiple biomarkers in the liver of crucian carp (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, EROD; 7-benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylation, BROD; superoxide dismutase, SOD and malondialdehyde, MDA) were measured. BROD and MDA were not significantly affected by PRP, while EROD and SOD did change significantly during the 8d dietary exposure. This work indicated that the trophic transfer of PRP, resulting in biochemical perturbations of fish biological systems, should be a concern for the assessment of the environmental risks to aquatic food chains.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiannan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China. Electronic address: ghlu@hhu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guanghua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D020387:Food Chain; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D011433:Propranolol / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D011433:Propranolol; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Algae; Biomarker; Crucian carp; Daphnia; Food chain transfer; Metabolism; Propranolol