title: Risky behavior among Black Caribbean and Black African adolescents in England: How do they compare?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Black Caribbean and Black African adolescents in England face academic and social challenges that might predisposition them to engaging in more risky behavior. This study explored the growth trajectories of risky behavior among adolescents in England over 3 years (14/15, 15/16, and 16/17 years of age) to determine the extent to which ethnic groups differed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were taken from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England database (N = 15,770). This database contained eight different ethnic groups. Risky behavior was defined by an 8-item scale that represented three classes of risky behavior. Individual theta scores for risky behavior were calculated for individuals at each time point and modeled over time. Interaction terms between sex, year, ethnicity, and class were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings confirmed previous research that showed ethnic group differences in means. They also demonstrated that there are differences in slopes as well, even after controlling for class. In fact, class appeared to have a reverse effect on the risky behavior of black adolescents. Further, Black adolescent groups were not engaging in higher levels of risky behavior as compared to white adolescents (the dominant population). In actuality, Mixed adolescents engaged in the highest levels of risky behavior which was a notable finding given that the Mixed group has recently began to receive a more focused attention by scholars and the government of England.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important that social workers and policy-makers recognize ethnicity in making general preventative decisions for adolescents. Second, class does not have a common effect on adolescent problem behaviors as often believed. Finally, black adolescents' communities might contain important protective factors that ought to be extensively explored. Conversely, Mixed adolescents' communities might contain more risk factors that ought to be addressed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Teacher Development & Educational Studies , Oakland University , Rochester , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Anica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D044383:Black People; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: adolescents; ethnic differences; growth curves; risky behavior