title: The roles of Dmrt (Double sex/Male-abnormal-3 Related Transcription factor) genes in sex determination and differentiation mechanisms: Ubiquity and diversity across the animal kingdom.
abstract: The Dmrt (Double sex/Male-abnormal-3 Related Transcription factor) genes have been intensively studied because they represent major transcription factors in the pathways governing sex determination and differentiation. These genes have been identified in animal groups ranging from cnidarians to mammals, and some of the genes functionally studied. Here, we propose to analyze (i) the presence/absence of various Dmrt gene groups in the different taxa across the animal kingdom; (ii) the relative expression levels of the Dmrt genes in each sex; (iii) the specific spatial (by organ) and temporal (by developmental stage) variations in gene expression. This review considers non-mammalian animals at all levels of study (i.e. no particular importance is given to animal models), and using all types of sexual strategy (hermaphroditic or gonochoric) and means of sex determination (i.e. genetic or environmental). To conclude this global comparison, we offer an analysis of the DM domains conserved among the different DMRT proteins, and propose a general sex-specific pattern for each member of the Dmrt gene family.
authors.affiliation: Université Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, 58, avenue Paul-Alduy, bâtiment R, 66860 Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Marion Anne-Lise
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.affiliation: Université Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, 58, avenue Paul-Alduy, bâtiment R, 66860 Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cosseau
authors.affiliation: Université Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, 58, avenue Paul-Alduy, bâtiment R, 66860 Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mouahid
authors.affiliation: Université Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, 58, avenue Paul-Alduy, bâtiment R, 66860 Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duval
authors.affiliation: Université Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, 58, avenue Paul-Alduy, bâtiment R, 66860 Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grunau
authors.affiliation: Université Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, 58, avenue Paul-Alduy, bâtiment R, 66860 Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Ève
authors.initials: È
authors.lastname: Toulza
authors.affiliation: Université Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, 58, avenue Paul-Alduy, bâtiment R, 66860 Perpignan, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Allienne
authors.affiliation: Université Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, 58, avenue Paul-Alduy, bâtiment R, 66860 Perpignan, France. Electronic address: boissier@univ-perp.fr.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boissier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008297:Male; D019849:Sex Determination Processes / Q000235:genetics*; D012733:Sex Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Diversité fonctionnelle; Dmrt genes; Functional diversity; Gene expression pattern; Génes Dmrt; Profil d’expression génique