title: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Comorbidities, Substance Use, and Social Outcomes among Men and Women in a Canadian Sample.
abstract: Background. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can persist in adolescence and adulthood. Aim. To examine prevalence of ADHD symptoms and correlates in a representative sample of adults 18 years and older living in Ontario, Canada. Method. We used the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor, an ongoing cross-sectional telephone survey, to examine the relationships between ADHD positive symptoms and comorbidities, substance use, medication use, social outcomes, and sociodemographics. Results. Of 4014 residents sampled in 2011-2012, 3.30% (2.75%-3.85%) screened positively for ADHD symptoms (women = 3.6%; men = 3.0%). For men, distress, antisocial symptoms, cocaine use, antianxiety medication use, antidepressant medication use, and criminal offence arrest were associated with positive ADHD screen. For women, distress, cocaine use, antianxiety medication use, antidepressant medication use, pain medication use, and motor vehicle collision in the past year were associated with positive ADHD screen. Conclusions. ADHD symptoms are associated with adverse medical and social outcomes that are in some cases gender specific.
authors.affiliation: Population and Community Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vingilis
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Centre for Criminology and Sociological Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2J4.
authors.forename: Patricia G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, York University, LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.
authors.forename: Maggie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Toplak
authors.affiliation: Complex Mental Illness, Forensic Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2S1.
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kolla
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2S1.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Population and Community Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8111-9358
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seeley
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Collaborative Program in Addiction Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2J4.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: vanderMaas
authors.affiliation: Population and Community Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
authors.forename: Deanne S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6699-7689
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Daigle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002170:Canada; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents