title: Strategies for the discontinuation of humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) in preterm infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) delivers humidified gas at increased flow rates via binasal prongs and is becoming widely accepted as a method of non-invasive respiratory support for preterm infants. While indications for the use of (HHFNC) and its associated risks and benefits are being investigated, the best strategy for the discontinuation of HHFNC remains unknown. At what point an infant is considered stable enough to attempt to start withdrawing their HHFNC is not known. The criteria for a failed attempt at HHFNC discontinuation is also unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the risks and benefits of different strategies used for the discontinuation of HHFNC in preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group Specialized Register, PubMed (1966 to March 2015), CINAHL (1982 to March 2015), EMBASE (1980 to March 2015), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Also, we checked previous reviews, including cross references. We searched for following web sites for ongoing trials: ClinicalTrials.gov and controlled-trials.com.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs in which either individual newborn infants or clusters of infants (such as separate neonatal units) were randomised to different HHFNC withdrawal strategies (from the first time they come off HHFNC and any subsequent weaning, or withdrawal attempt, or both).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used standard methods of Cochrane and the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified no eligible studies examining the best strategy to wean or withdraw HHFNC once started as respiratory support in preterm infants
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is currently no evidence available to suggest the best strategy for weaning and withdrawing HHFNC as a respiratory support in preterm infants. Research is required into the best strategy for withdrawal of HHFNC and to which subgroups this applies. Clear criteria for the definition of stability prior to attempting to withdraw HHFNC needs to be established. Furthermore, clear definitions are needed as to what constitutes failure of HHFNC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Mater Mothers' Hospital, Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4101.
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Farley
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hough
authors.forename: Luke A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jardine
mesh_terms: D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D000068998:Humidifiers; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation / Q000379:methods*; D015300:Ventilator Weaning / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*