title: Neurometabolic Effect of Altaian Fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Mushroom) in Rats Under Moderate Alcohol Consumption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The medications produced from natural products are widely used as prophylactics for sickness induced by alcohol consumption. One such prophylactic is produced from the Reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum. Because of the antioxidant properties of these preparations, we expect neuroprotective prophylactic effects of Reishi-based medications in alcohol-treated animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Reishi (R) suspension was produced as water extract from Altaian mushrooms. Sprague-Dawley male rats were separated into the following 3 experimental groups: Group A + R received R (6 days per week) starting 1 week before alcohol exposure, and during the next 3 weeks, they received both R and alcohol; group A received alcohol; and group C received water. At the end of experiment, we determined the metabolic profile using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H MRS) of the brain cortex and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver. Additionally, the blood cells were collected, and the serum biochemistry and liver histology were performed after euthanasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial least squares discriminant analysis processing of the brain (1) H MRS gave 2 axes, the Y1 axis positively correlated with the level of taurine and negatively correlated with the level of lactate, and the Y2 axis positively correlated with the content of GABA and glycine and negatively correlated with the sum of the excitatory neurotransmitters, glutamate and glutamine. The Y1 values reflecting the brain energetics for the A + R group exceeded the corresponding values for groups C and A. The maximal level of Y2 reflecting the prevalence of inhibitory metabolites in the brain was observed in the rats exposed to alcohol. Moderate alcohol consumption did not cause significant pathological changes in the livers of the experimental animals. However, 20 days of alcohol consumption significantly increased the number of binuclear hepatocytes compared to the control. This effect was mitigated in the rats that received the Reishi extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular administration of the Reishi suspension improved the energy supply to the brain cortex and decreased the prevalence of inhibitory neurotransmitters that are characteristic of alcohol consumption. The alcohol-induced increase in liver proliferation was significantly suppressed by regular administration of the G. lucidum water suspension.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Oleg B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Shevelev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Akulov
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Anna S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dotsenko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Galina V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Kontsevaya
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Mariya A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zolotykh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Lyudmila A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gerlinskaya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Veprev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Tat'yana N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Goryachkovskaya
authors.affiliation: Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Natal'ya A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Zhukova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.|Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Nikolay A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kolchanov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pel'tek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.|Physiology Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.|Department of Vertebrate Zoology , Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Moshkin
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020940:Reishi
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products
keywords: Alcohol; Brain Metabolites; Hepatocyte Proliferation; Reishi