title: Grisel syndrome, acute otitis media, and temporo-mandibular reactive arthritis: A rare association.
abstract: We present a case report of a four-year-old boy with torcicollis and trismus after acute otitis media. Grisel Syndrome diagnosis in association with temporo-mandibular reactive arthritis was admitted, leading to early conservative treatment. GS should be suspected in a child presenting with torticollis after an upper respiratory tract infection or an ENT surgical procedure. The association with temporo-mandibular reactive findings is somehow rarer but not impossible, due to the close vascular communication between retropharyngeal and pterigoid spaces.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca E.P.E, Amadora, Portugal. Electronic address: Joana.jm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Hospital de Santa Maria; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca E.P.E, Amadora, Portugal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de Santa Maria; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prata
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de Santa Maria; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D016918:Arthritis, Reactive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013577:Syndrome; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint; D014103:Torticollis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014313:Trismus / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Acute otitis; Grisel syndrome; Reactive arthritis; Torcicollis