title: Prevalent high-risk HPV infection and vaginal microbiota in Nigerian women.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated the association between high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and the vaginal microbiome. Participants were recruited in Nigeria between April and August 2012. Vaginal bacterial composition was characterized by deep sequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA gene fragments (V4) on Illumina MiSeq and HPV was identified using the Roche Linear Array® HPV genotyping test. We used exact logistic regression models to evaluate the association between community state types (CSTs) of vaginal microbiota and hrHPV infection, weighted UniFrac distances to compare the vaginal microbiota of individuals with prevalent hrHPV to those without prevalent hrHPV infection, and the Linear Discriminant Analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm to characterize bacteria associated with prevalent hrHPV infection. We observed four CSTs: CST IV-B with a low relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in 50% of participants; CST III (dominated by L. iners) in 39·2%; CST I (dominated by L. crispatus) in 7·9%; and CST VI (dominated by proteobacteria) in 2·9% of participants. LEfSe analysis suggested an association between prevalent hrHPV infection and a decreased abundance of Lactobacillus sp. with increased abundance of anaerobes particularly of the genera Prevotella and Leptotrichia in HIV-negative women (P < 0·05). These results are hypothesis generating and further studies are required.
authors.affiliation: Office of Strategic Information,Research and Training,Institute of Human Virology,Abuja,Nigeria.
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Dareng
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore,MD,USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Office of Strategic Information,Research and Training,Institute of Human Virology,Abuja,Nigeria.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Famooto
authors.affiliation: Office of Strategic Information,Research and Training,Institute of Human Virology,Abuja,Nigeria.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Adebamowo
authors.affiliation: University of Abuja Teaching Hospital,Gwagwalada,Nigeria.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Offiong
authors.affiliation: National Hospital,Abuja,Nigeria.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olaniyan
authors.affiliation: Office of Strategic Information,Research and Training,Institute of Human Virology,Abuja,Nigeria.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Dakum
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology,University of New Mexico Health Sciences Centre,Albuquerque,NM,USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore,MD,USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fadrosh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore,MD,USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore,MD,USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gajer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore,MD,USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Brotman
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore,MD,USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ravel
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition,Harvard School of Public Health,Boston,MA,USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Adebamowo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: HIV/AIDS; human papilloma virus (HPV); public health