title: Real-time estimation of paracellular permeability of cerebral endothelial cells by capacitance sensor array.
abstract: Vascular integrity is important in maintaining homeostasis of brain microenvironments. In various brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis, increased paracellular permeability due to breakdown of blood-brain barrier is linked with initiation and progression of pathological conditions. We developed a capacitance sensor array to monitor dielectric responses of cerebral endothelial cell monolayer, which could be utilized to evaluate the integrity of brain microvasculature. Our system measured real-time capacitance values which demonstrated frequency- and time-dependent variations. With the measurement of capacitance at the frequency of 100 Hz, we could differentiate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a representative permeability-inducing factor, on endothelial cells and quantitatively analyse the normalized values. Interestingly, we showed differential capacitance values according to the status of endothelial cell monolayer, confluent or sparse, evidencing that the integrity of monolayer was associated with capacitance values. Another notable feature was that we could evaluate the expression of molecules in samples in our system with the reference of real-time capacitance values. We suggest that this dielectric spectroscopy system could be successfully implanted as a novel in vitro assay in the investigation of the roles of paracellular permeability in various brain diseases.
authors.affiliation: 1] Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hyun Jo
authors.affiliation: Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Rimi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyoung Kim
authors.affiliation: Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oh Jun
authors.affiliation: Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geol Lee
authors.affiliation: 1] Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea [3] Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hun Kim
mesh_terms: D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000166:cytology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002460:Cell Line; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D055806:Microvessels / Q000378:metabolism