title: Functional status of thyroid and cognitive functions after menopause.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thyroid activity plays a role in cognition. However, the relation between the functional state of thyroid and neuropsychiatric changes proceeding with age among people without clinical symptoms of thyroid dysfunction is still unknown. The aim of this study was analysis of cognitive function levels in reference to thyroid examination: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxin (TT4), triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxin (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPO-AB), and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-AB), TSH receptor antibodies (AB-TSHR) in women after menopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 383 women was recruited for the study. The inclusion criteria were: minimum two years after the last menstruation and no dementia signs on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Computerized battery of Central Nervous System Vital Signs (CNS VS) test was used to diagnostic cognitive functions. The blood plasma values were determined: TSH, FT3, FT4, TT3, TT4, TPO-AB, Tg-AB, and AB-TSHR. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and analysis of variance in STATISTICA software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women after menopause, TSH was negatively correlated with NCI results, executive functions, complex attention, and cognitive flexibility. FT4 was positively correlated with results of psychomotor speed. TT3 and TT4 were negatively correlated with results of memory and verbal memory. Furthermore, TT4 was negatively correlated with NCI, executive functions, and cognitive flexibility. TPO-AB was negatively correlated with results of memory, verbal memory, and psychomotor speed. Tg-AB was positively correlated with results of reaction time. AB-TSHR was negatively correlated with NCI results, memory, executive functions, psychomotor speed, complex attention, and cognitive flexibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study supports the importance of thyroid functionality in cognitive functioning in a group of women after menopause. The values of TSH, TT3, TT4, TPO-AB, and AB-TSHR were higher and FT4 was lower in examined women. The results were poorer in examination of cognitive functions measured with a battery of CNS-VS tests.
authors.affiliation: Department for Health Problems of Ageing, Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bojar
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, Zielona Góra, Poland.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owoc
authors.affiliation: Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gujski
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, Zielona Góra, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma-Orthopedic Surgery, District Hospital, Wołomin, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gnatowski
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Dermatology, Central Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Walecka
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011044:Poland; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000502:physiology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine