title: Adaptation to Laterally Displacing Prisms in Anisometropic Amblyopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using visual feedback to modify sensorimotor output in response to changes in the external environment is essential for daily function. Prism adaptation is a well-established experimental paradigm to quantify sensorimotor adaptation; that is, how the sensorimotor system adapts to an optically-altered visuospatial environment. Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by spatiotemporal deficits in vision that impacts manual and oculomotor function. This study explored the effects of anisometropic amblyopia on prism adaptation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight participants with anisometropic amblyopia and 11 visually-normal adults, all right-handed, were tested. Participants pointed to visual targets and were presented with feedback of hand position near the terminus of limb movement in three blocks: baseline, adaptation, and deadaptation. Adaptation was induced by viewing with binocular 11.4° (20 prism diopter [PD]) left-shifting prisms. All tasks were performed during binocular viewing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with anisometropic amblyopia required significantly more trials (i.e., increased time constant) to adapt to prismatic optical displacement than visually-normal controls. During the rapid error correction phase of adaptation, people with anisometropic amblyopia also exhibited greater variance in motor output than visually-normal controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amblyopia impacts on the ability to adapt the sensorimotor system to an optically-displaced visual environment. The increased time constant and greater variance in motor output during the rapid error correction phase of adaptation may indicate deficits in processing of visual information as a result of degraded spatiotemporal vision in amblyopia.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences and Mental Health The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Jaime C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sklar
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences and Mental Health The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada 2Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Herbert C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Goltz
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences and Mental Health The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gane
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences and Mental Health The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada 2Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 3Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toro.
authors.forename: Agnes M F
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult