title: Physician's attitudes towards diagnosing and treating glucocorticoid induced hyperglycaemia: Sliding scale regimen is still widely used despite guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment with glucocorticoids for neoplasms and inflammatory disorders is frequently complicated by glucocorticoid induced hyperglycaemia (GCIH). GCIH is associated with adverse outcomes and its treatment has short term and long term benefits. Currently, treatment targets and modalities depend on local protocols and habits of individual clinicians. We explored current practice of screening and treatment of GCIH in patients receiving glucocorticoid pulse therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A factorial survey with written case vignettes. All vignette patients received glucocorticoid pulse therapy. Other characteristics (e.g., indication for glucocorticoid therapy, pre-existent diabetes) varied. The survey was held between November 2013 and May 2014 on 2 nationwide conferences and in hospitals across The Netherlands. Pulmonologists and internists expressed their level of agreement with statements on ordering capillary glucose testing and treatment initiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents ordered screening for GCIH in 85% of vignette patients and initiated treatment in 56%. When initiating treatment, respondents opt for sliding scale insulin in 62% of patients. Sliding scale insulin was more frequently prescribed in patients with pre-existent insulin dependent diabetes (OR 2.4, CI 1.3-4.2) and by residents (vs. specialists, OR 2.1, CI 1.2-3.5). Sixty-nine percent of clinicians experienced a lack of guidelines for GCIH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians have a strong tendency to screen for GCIH but subsequent initiation of treatment was low. Sliding scale insulin is still widely used in episodic GCIH despite evidence against its effectiveness. This may be due to lacking evidence on feasible treatment options for GCIH.
authors.affiliation: Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Maaike.gerards@slz.nl.
authors.forename: Maaike C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gerards
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E C Cohen
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Tervaert
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J B L
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.affiliation: Isala Clinics, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vriesendorp
authors.affiliation: Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: V E A
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Gerdes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007328:Insulin