title: Early Bioprosthetic Valve Failure: A Pictorial Review of Rare Causes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Cremer
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: L Leonardo
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Gosta B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address: menonv@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Venu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: bioprosthetic valve; calcification; pannus; primary leaflet tear; structural valve deterioration; thrombus