title: Syphilis detection: evaluation of serological screening and pilot reverse confirmatory assay algorithm in blood donors.
abstract: Serological assays are still considered the most useful tests in the diagnosis of syphilis. Since no single serological assay is able to provide a satisfactory result, in our laboratory we have evaluated the usefulness of a commercially-available immunoblot to diagnose syphilis infection among blood donors. From October 2012 to June 2013, 4572 blood donors were screened for syphilis with an automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). To confirm the presence of treponemal antibodies, CMIA-reactive sera were tested by standard Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA). In addition, an alternative confirmatory test - the immunoblot INNO-LIA assay was introduced in our laboratory. Since two additional positives among CMIA-reactive-TPHA-negative samples were found, we concluded that the INNO-LIA immunoblot allowed a better detection of syphilis compared to TPHA. A confirmatory strategy based on the use of two treponemal assays could meet the screening requirements for blood donors as well as in our centre.
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy linda.sommese@unina2.it.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sommese
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paolillo
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabia
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: De Pascale
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iannone
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schiano
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Napoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D001782:Blood Donors; D005260:Female; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013587:Syphilis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D013588:Syphilis Serodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D014210:Treponema pallidum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial
keywords: Syphilis; Treponema pallidum; blood donors; confirmatory testing; immunoblot; sexually transmitted infection; syphilis screening