title: Regulatory role of small nucleolar RNAs in human diseases.
abstract: Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are appreciable players in gene expression regulation in human cells. The canonical function of box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNAs is posttranscriptional modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), namely, 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridylation, respectively. A series of independent studies demonstrated that snoRNAs, as well as other noncoding RNAs, serve as the source of various short regulatory RNAs. Some snoRNAs and their fragments can also participate in the regulation of alternative splicing and posttranscriptional modification of mRNA. Alterations in snoRNA expression in human cells can affect numerous vital cellular processes. SnoRNA level in human cells, blood serum, and plasma presents a promising target for diagnostics and treatment of human pathologies. Here we discuss the relation between snoRNAs and oncological, neurodegenerative, and viral diseases and also describe changes in snoRNA level in response to artificial stress and some drugs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Grigory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Stepanov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia ; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Filippova
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Influenza, Prof. Popova Street 15/17, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia ; Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment, 7-9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Komissarov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Kuligina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Dmitry V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Semenov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004194:Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020271:Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020537:RNA, Small Nucleolar / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D020537:RNA, Small Nucleolar