title: Molecular and Cellular Effects Induced in Mytilus galloprovincialis Treated with Oxytetracycline at Different Temperatures.
abstract: The present study evaluated the interactive effects of temperature (16°C and 24°C) and a 4-day treatment with the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) at 1 and 100 μg/L on cellular and molecular parameters in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), a sensitive biomarker of impaired health status in this organism, was assessed in the digestive glands. In addition, oxidative stress markers and the expression of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in antioxidant defense (catalase (cat) and glutathione-S-transferase (gst)) and the heat shock response (hsp90, hsp70, and hsp27) were evaluated in the gills, the target tissue of soluble chemicals. Finally, cAMP levels, which represent an important cell signaling pathway related to oxidative stress and the response to temperature challenges, were also determined in the gills. Exposure to heat stress as well as to OTC rendered a decrease in LMS and an increase in malonedialdehyde accumulation (MDA). CAT activity was not significantly modified, whereas GST activity decreased at 24°C. Cat and gst expression levels were reduced in animals kept at 24°C compared to 16°C in the presence or absence of OTC. At 16°C, treatment with OTC caused a significant increase in cat and gst transcript levels. Hsp27 mRNA was significantly up-regulated at all conditions compared to controls at 16°C. cAMP levels were increased at 24°C independent of the presence of OTC. PCA analysis showed that 37.21% and 25.89% of the total variance was explained by temperature and OTC treatment, respectively. Interestingly, a clear interaction was observed in animals exposed to both stressors increasing LMS and MDA accumulation and reducing hsp27 gene expression regulation. These interactions may suggest a risk for the organisms due to temperature increases in contaminated seawaters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banni
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sforzini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40100, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franzellitti
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliveri
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viarengo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40100, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fabbri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D049878:Mytilus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000633:toxicity*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013696:Temperature; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D010118:Oxytetracycline