title: Effects of ciprofloxacin-containing antimicrobial scaffolds on dental pulp stem cell viability-In vitro studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A combination of antibiotics, including but not limited to metronidazole (MET) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), has been indicated to eradicate bacteria in necrotic immature permanent teeth prior to regenerative procedures. It has been shown clinically that antibiotic pastes may lead to substantial stem cell death. The aim of this study was to synthesise scaffolds containing various concentrations of CIP to enhance cell viability while preserving antimicrobial properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polydioxanone (PDS)-based electrospun scaffolds were processed with decreasing CIP concentrations (25-1 wt.%) and morphologically evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity assays were performed to determine whether the amount of CIP released from the scaffolds would lead to human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) toxicity. Similarly, WST-1 assays were performed to evaluate the impact of CIP release on hDPSC proliferation. Pure PDS scaffolds and saturated double antibiotic solution MET/CIP (DAP) served as both positive and negative controls, respectively. Antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis (Ef) was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease in hDPSC' viability at concentrations 5-25 wt.% was observed. However, concentrations below 5wt.% did not impair cell viability. Data from the WST-1 assays indicated no detrimental impact on cell proliferation for scaffolds containing 2.5 wt.% CIP or less. Significant antimicrobial properties were seen for CIP-scaffolds at lower concentrations (i.e., 1 and 2.5 wt.%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained data demonstrated that a reduced concentration of CIP incorporated into PDS-based scaffolds maintains its antimicrobial properties while enhancing viability and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry-Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121W. Michigan St. (DS270B), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamocki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Jacques E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nör
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry-Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121W. Michigan St. (DS270B), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address: mbottino@iu.edu.
authors.forename: Marco C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bottino
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
keywords: Antibiotics; Cytocompatibility; Endodontics; Regeneration; Scaffolds; Stem cells