title: Properties of ceramics prepared using dry discharged waste to energy bottom ash dust.
abstract: The fine dust of incinerator bottom ash generated from dry discharge systems can be transformed into an inert material suitable for the production of hard, dense ceramics. Processing involves the addition of glass, ball milling and calcining to remove volatile components from the incinerator bottom ash. This transforms the major crystalline phases present in fine incinerator bottom ash dust from quartz (SiO(2)), calcite (CaCO(3)), gehlenite (Ca(2)Al(2)SiO(7)) and hematite (Fe(2)O(3)), to the pyroxene group minerals diopside (CaMgSi(2)O(6)), clinoenstatite (MgSi(2)O(6)), wollastonite (CaSiO(3)) together with some albite (NaAlSi(3)O(8)) and andradite (Ca(3)Fe(2)Si(3)O(12)). Processed powders show minimal leaching and can be pressed and sintered to form dense (>2.5 g cm(-3)), hard ceramics that exhibit low firing shrinkage (<7%) and zero water absorption. The research demonstrates the potential to beneficially up-cycle the fine incinerator bottom ash dust from dry discharge technology into a raw material suitable for the production of ceramic tiles that have potential for use in a range of industrial applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK Earth Engineering Centre, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourtsalas
authors.affiliation: Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vandeperre
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.affiliation: Earth Engineering Centre, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Themelis
authors.affiliation: Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koralewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK c.cheeseman@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheeseman
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics / Q000032:analysis*; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D017745:Incineration; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D004391:Dust; D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Incinerator bottom ash; ceramics; energy-from-waste; pyroxene; resource efficiency; sintering; up-cycling