title: The role of the local retail food environment in fruit, vegetable and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between the local retail food environment and consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in São Paulo, Brazil, as well as the moderation effects of income in the studied relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study design that drew upon neighbourhood- and individual-level data. For each participant, community (density and proximity) and community food environment (availability, variety, quality and price) measures of FV and SSB were assessed in retail food stores and specialized fresh produce markets within 1·6 km of their homes. Poisson generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model the associations of food consumption with food environment measures, adjusted by individual-level characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults (n 1842) residing in the same census tracts (n 52) in São Paulo, Brazil as those where the neighbourhood-level measures were taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FV availability in neighbourhoods was associated with regular FV consumption (≥5 times/week; prevalence ratio=1·41; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·67). Regular FV consumption prevalence was significantly lower among lower-income individuals living in neighbourhoods with fewer supermarkets and fresh produce markets (P-interaction <0·05). A greater variety of SSB was associated with a 15 % increase in regular SSB consumption (≥5 times/week) prevalence, after adjustment for confounding variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the local retail food environment is associated with FV and SSB consumption in a Brazilian urban sample.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Nutrition,School of Public Health,University of São Paulo,Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, São Paulo,SP,Brazil 01246-904.
authors.forename: Ana Clara
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Environmental Health,School of Public Health,University of São Paulo,São Paulo,SP,Brazil.
authors.forename: Samuel Luna
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,University of São Paulo,São Paulo,SP,Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria do Rosario D O
authors.initials: Mdo R
authors.lastname: Latorre
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Nutrition,School of Public Health,University of São Paulo,Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, São Paulo,SP,Brazil 01246-904.
authors.forename: Patricia Constante
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Jaime
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics*; D001938:Brazil; D003132:Commerce; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables / Q000191:economics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners
keywords: Food environment; Fruits; Neighbourhoods; Sugar-sweetened beverages; Vegetables