title: Regulation of GPCR Anterograde Trafficking by Molecular Chaperones and Motifs.
abstract: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) make up a superfamily of integral membrane proteins that respond to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli, giving them an important role in cell function and survival. They have also proven to be valuable targets in the fight against various diseases. As such, GPCR signal regulation has received considerable attention over the last few decades. With the amplitude of signaling being determined in large part by receptor density at the plasma membrane, several endogenous mechanisms for modulating GPCR expression at the cell surface have come to light. It has been shown that cell surface expression is determined by both exocytic and endocytic processes. However, the body of knowledge surrounding GPCR trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, commonly known as anterograde trafficking, has considerable room for growth. We focus here on the current paradigms of anterograde GPCR trafficking. We will discuss the regulatory role of both the general and "nonclassical private" chaperone systems in GPCR trafficking as well as conserved motifs that serve as modulators of GPCR export from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Together, these topics summarize some of the known mechanisms by which the cell regulates anterograde GPCR trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wertman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Electronic address: denis.dupre@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Denis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dupré
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D005089:Exocytosis; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism*; D017510:Protein Folding; D021381:Protein Transport; D044103:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C476535:DNAJC14 protein, human; D005326:Fetal Proteins; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D044103:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 2; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: Anterograde trafficking; GPCR; Molecular chaperone; Motif; Oligomerization