title: Partners in crime: The role of tandem modules in gene transcription.
abstract: Histones and their modifications play an important role in the regulation of gene transcription. Numerous modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, have been described. These modifications almost always co-occur and thereby increase the combinatorial complexity of post-translational modification detection. The domains that recognize these histone modifications often occur in tandem in the context of larger proteins and complexes. The presence of multiple modifications can positively or negatively regulate the binding of these tandem domains, influencing downstream cellular function. Alternatively, these tandem domains can have novel functions from their independent parts. Here we summarize structural and functional information known about major tandem domains and their histone binding properties. An understanding of these interactions is key for the development of epigenetic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029.
authors.forename: Rajal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029.
authors.forename: Ming-Ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D006657:Histones
keywords: chromatin; gene transcription; histone; post-translational modifications; protein modular domains