title: Functional relevance of a six mesenchymal gene signature in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reversal by the triple angiokinase inhibitor, nintedanib (BIBF1120).
abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial mechanism in carcinoma progression, describes the process whereby epithelial cells lose their apico-basal polarity and junctional complexes and acquire a mesenchymal-like morphology. Several markers are considered to be authentic indicators of an epithelial or mesenchymal status; however, there is currently no comprehensive or systematic method with which to determine their functional relevance. Previously, we identified a 33-gene EMT signature comprising 25 epithelial and 6 mesenchymal genes that best describe this concept of the EMT spectrum. Here, we designed small-scale siRNA screens targeting these six mesenchymal signature genes (CD99L2, EMP3, ITGA5, SYDE1, VIM, ZEB1) to explore their functional relevance and their roles during EMT reversal by nintedanib (BIBF1120) in a mesenchymal-like SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. We found that neither cell proliferation nor cytotoxicity was affected by silencing any of these genes. SKOV3 cells expressing siRNA against mesenchymal genes (ZEB1, EMP3, CD99L2, ITGA5, and SYDE1) showed enhanced colony compaction (reduced inter-nuclear distance). Inductions of E-cadherin expression were only observed in SYDE1- and ZEB1-silenced SKOV3 cells. In addition, only SYDE1-silenced SKOV3 cells showed increased anoikis. Finally, we identified that SYDE1 and ZEB1 were down-regulated in nintedanib-treated SKOV3 cells and SYDE1- and ZEB1-silenced SKOV3 cells showed enhanced nintedanib-induced up-regulation of E-cadherin. Nintedanib-treated SKOV3 cells also showed colony compaction and decreases in EMT scores both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that SYDE1 and ZEB1 are functionally relevant in EMT reversal. This study thus provides a proof-of-concept for the use of in vitro siRNA screening to explore the EMT-related functions of selected genes and their potential relevance in the discovery of EMT reversing drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore.|Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ruby Yun-Ju
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kuee Theng
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kuay
authors.affiliation: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tuan Zea
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asad
authors.affiliation: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hei Mui
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Dean's Office, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Aloysius Hsien Chun
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.|Dean's Office, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jieru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Vin Yee
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.|Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.|Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jean Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thiery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; C530716:nintedanib
keywords: EMT reversal; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); nintedanib; siRNA screen; triple angiokinase inhibitor