title: [Clowns in the pediatric intensive care unit in France].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, in children's hospitals, clowns are involved in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), at the bedside of the most severely ill children. This study is the first that addresses the work of professional clowns in the PICU. Its aim is to describe this practice in French hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a descriptive and prospective study conducted in December 2013 involving all the pediatric PICUs in French hospitals. A survey was emailed to all the PICU department heads in France.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Questionnaires were sent to 32 PICUs (21 pediatric and neonatal intensive care units and 11 pediatric intensive care units). The response rate was 81.2% (26 questionnaires completed). Among the 26 units that responded to the survey, clowns intervened in 13 of them (50%). Eight had an exclusive pediatric activity and five had both pediatric and neonatal activities. The clown visit was twice a week in six units and once in seven (missing data: one unit). The head doctor was satisfied or very satisfied in 92.3% of the cases (n=12/13). Medical clowns were trained and professional artists in all of the units. They worked in duo in most units (n=12/13) and solo in one unit. The clown rounds were preceded by a meeting with a healthcare worker in 12 of the 13 PICUs in which the clowns worked. They dialogued with a doctor in four and a nurse (or head nurse) in eight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prior to implementation, the clowns' work should be understood, accepted, and supported by each PICU team, to be validated in the overall care plan for each child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the severity of the situations met in the PICU, the instability of patients and the technical environment, clowning in PICUs appears to be a common and worthwhile practice in most French pediatric hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Service de réanimation et de surveillance continue médicochirurgicale pédiatrique, hôpital Necker, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address: guillaume.mortamet@nck.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mortamet
authors.affiliation: Association « Le rire médecin », 64-70, rue de Crimée, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simonds
authors.affiliation: Association « Le rire médecin », 64-70, rue de Crimée, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hattab
authors.affiliation: Association « Le rire médecin », 64-70, rue de Crimée, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delpy
authors.affiliation: Service de réanimation et de surveillance continue médicochirurgicale pédiatrique, hôpital Necker, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.affiliation: Service de réanimation et de surveillance continue médicochirurgicale pédiatrique, hôpital Necker, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dupic
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D027641:Laughter Therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires