title: Adolescent endogenous sex hormones and breast density in early adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During adolescence the breasts undergo rapid growth and development under the influence of sex hormones. Although the hormonal etiology of breast cancer is hypothesized, it remains unknown whether adolescent sex hormones are associated with adult breast density, which is a strong risk factor for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percentage of dense breast volume (%DBV) was measured in 2006 by magnetic resonance imaging in 177 women aged 25-29 years who had participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children from 1988 to 1997. They had sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) measured in serum collected on one to five occasions between 8 and 17 years of age. Multivariable linear mixed-effect regression models were used to evaluate the associations of adolescent sex hormones and SHBG with %DBV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and SHBG measured in premenarche serum samples were significantly positively associated with %DBV (all P trend ≤0.03) but not when measured in postmenarche samples (all P trend ≥0.42). The multivariable geometric mean of %DBV across quartiles of premenarcheal DHEAS and SHBG increased from 16.7 to 22.1 % and from 14.1 to 24.3 %, respectively. Estrogens, progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone in pre- or postmenarche serum samples were not associated with %DBV (all P trend ≥0.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that higher premenarcheal DHEAS and SHBG levels are associated with higher %DBV in young women. Whether this association translates into an increased risk of breast cancer later in life is currently unknown.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT00458588 April 9, 2007; NCT00000459 October 27, 1999.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Howard Hall 102E, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. sjung@epi.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Seungyoun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA. Brian.Egleston@fccc.edu.
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Egleston
authors.affiliation: Esoterix Inc, 4301 Lost Hills Road, Calabasas Hills, CA, 91301, USA. Chandld@LabCorp.com.
authors.forename: D Walt
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. lvanhorn@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Horn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. Nola.Hylton@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Nola M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hylton
authors.affiliation: Dangeard Group, 580 W Remington Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94087, USA. catherine@klifa.net.
authors.forename: Catherine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Klifa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 S Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. nlasser@verizon.net.
authors.forename: Norman L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Lasser
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227, USA. Erin.S.LeBlanc@kpchr.org.
authors.forename: Erin S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. kparis@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. kparis@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. linda-snetselaar@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Linda G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Snetselaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. fstanczyk@att.net.
authors.forename: Frank Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Stanczyk
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227, USA. victoria.stevens@cancer.org.
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Howard Hall 102E, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. jdorgan@som.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Joanne F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dorgan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate