title: Reference Materials: Significance, General Requirements, and Demand.
abstract: Reference materials play an important part in the quality control of measurements. Rapid development of such new scientific disciplines as proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics also necessitates development of new reference materials. This is a great challenge due to the complexity of the production of new reference materials and difficulties associated with achieving their homogeneity and stability. CRMs of tissue are of particular importance. They can be counted among the matrices that are most complex and time consuming in preparation. Tissue is the place of transformation and accumulation of many substances (e.g., metabolites, which are intermediate or end products resulting from metabolic processes). Trace amounts of many substances in tissues must be determined with adequate precision and accuracy. To meet the needs stemming from research and from problems and challenges faced by chemists, analysts, and toxicologists, the number of certified reference materials should be continuously increased.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiełbasa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gadzała-Kopciuch
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland.
authors.forename: Bogusław
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buszewski
mesh_terms: D009928:Organ Specificity; D011786:Quality Control; D012015:Reference Standards; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015262:Xenobiotics
keywords: Biological matrices; certification; certified reference material; homogeneity; metabolomics; uncertainty