title: Inflammation Biomarkers of Advanced Disease in Nongingival Tissues of Chronic Periodontitis Patients.
abstract: Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that affects supporting structures of the teeth. Although the gingival response is largely described, little is known about the immune changes in the alveolar bone and neighboring tissues that could indicate periodontal disease (PD) activity. Then, in this study we identified the ongoing inflammatory changes and novel biomarkers for periodontitis in the tissues directly affected by the destructive disease in PD patients. Samples were collected by osteotomy in 17 control subjects during extraction of third molars and 18 patients with advanced PD, in which alveoloplasty was necessary after extraction of teeth with previous extensive periodontal damage. Patients presented mononuclear cells infiltration in the connective tissue next to the bone and higher fibrosis area, along with increased accumulation of IL-17(+) and TRAP(+) cells. The levels of TNF-α and MMP-2 mRNA were also elevated compared to controls and a positive and significant correlation was observed between TNF-α and MMP-2 mRNA expression, considering all samples evaluated. In conclusion, nongingival tissues neighboring large periodontal pockets present inflammatory markers that could predict ongoing bone resorption and disease spreading. Therefore, we suggested that the detailed evaluation of these regions could be of great importance to the assessment of disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Alvares
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo José Barbosa
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Polyanna Miranda
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Javier Emílio Lazo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chica
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Tecnológicas e Exatas, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emilio Zorzo
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Barcelos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Clínica, Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Max Antonio Alves
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Giani
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Pompermaier
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Garlet
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Santana
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Virmondes
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodrigues Júnior
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Clínica, Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil ; CEFORES, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Bertulucci Rocha
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil ; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical Analyzes, Toxicology and Food Sciences, USP, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Ribeiro de Barros
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020381:Interleukin-17; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2