title: The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Methanolic Extract and Fractions from Davilla elliptica St. Hil. (Dilleniaceae) on Bothrops jararaca Envenomation.
abstract: Inflammation and haemorrhage are the main characteristics of tissue injury in botropic envenomation. Although some studies have shown that anti-venom prevents systemic reactions, it is not efficient in preventing tissue injury at the site of the bite. Therefore, this work was undertaken to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract and fractions from D. elliptica and to evaluate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in this process. Effects of the extract and fractions from D. elliptica were evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in rats, and leukocyte rolling was visualized by intravital. The quantification of MMPs activities (MMP-2 and MMP-9) extracted from the dermis of mice treated with extract and fractions alone or incubated with venom was determined by zymographic analyses. Our results show that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of fractions significantly reduced paw oedema after the carrageenan challenge. Treatment with the tannins fraction also resulted in considerable inhibition of the rolling of leukocytes and this fraction was able to decrease the activation of MMP-9. These results confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract and tannins fraction of D. elliptica and showed that the dermonecrosis properties of B. jararaca venom might be mediated through the inhibition of MMP-9 activity.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. cat.nishi@ig.com.br.
authors.forename: Catarine Massucato
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. fdelella@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Flavia Karina
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Delella
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Agroenergia (CNPAE), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, CEP 70770-901, Brasília, Brazil. clenilson.rodrigues@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Clenilson Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências de Bauru, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 17033-360 Bauru, Brazil. danielrinaldo@fc.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rinaldo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada. Butantan, Instituto Butantan, CEP 05503-900 São Paulo, Brazil. mlferrei@usp.br.
authors.forename: Monica Valdyrce dos Anjos
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lopes-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. lrocha@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Lucia Regina Machado
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil. vilegas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. felisbin@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Sergio Luis
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Felisbino
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. hiruma@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Clélia Akiko
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hiruma-Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002351:Carrageenan; D045466:Dilleniaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013634:Tannins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins; D002351:Carrageenan; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Bothrops jararaca venom; Davilla elliptica St. Hil; MMP-2; MMP-9; anti-inflammatory effect