title: Peroxiredoxins: guardians against oxidative stress and modulators of peroxide signaling.
abstract: Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of cysteine-dependent peroxidase enzymes that play dominant roles in regulating peroxide levels within cells. These enzymes, often present at high levels and capable of rapidly clearing peroxides, display a remarkable array of variations in their oligomeric states and susceptibility to regulation by hyperoxidative inactivation and other post-translational modifications. Key conserved residues within the active site promote catalysis by stabilizing the transition state required for transferring the terminal oxygen of hydroperoxides to the active site (peroxidatic) cysteine residue. Extensive investigations continue to expand our understanding of the scope of their importance as well as the structures and forces at play within these critical defense and regulatory enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.
authors.forename: Arden
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parsonage
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. Electronic address: lbpoole@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Leslie B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA. Electronic address: karplusp@science.oregonstate.edu.
authors.forename: P Andrew
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Karplus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D054464:Peroxiredoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D010545:Peroxides; D054464:Peroxiredoxins
keywords: antioxidant defense; antioxidant enzyme; peroxidase; redox signaling