title: Does the maternal age affect the mesenchymal stem cell markers and gene expression in the human placenta? What is the evidence?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the human placenta is considered medical wastes, it has become a main source of stem cells. Due to their easy isolation, ability to resist immune rejection and ability to differentiate into different types of adult cells, placental stem cells are considered superior to other stem cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the impact of the maternal age on the expression of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers CD105 and CD29 in different areas of a term human placenta and to identify the differential expression of these markers in different placental areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this comparative cross sectional study, one hundred term placentas were collected after delivery from healthy mothers divided into five groups according to their age. Placentas were processed to assess both immune- and gene-expression of CD105 and CD29 surface antigen markers. Data of the different studied age groups was compared using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD105 and CD29 immunoexpression in decidua basalis, fetal membrane and placental villi showed significant negative correlations with the maternal age. CD105- and CD29-positive MSCs were significantly abundant in the decidua basalis and placental villi. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results were consistent with those of the immunohistochemical study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Labeling the placenta-driven MSCs with the specific area from which the cells were taken as well as the mother's age is advised and could be helpful in controlling the quality of the cell banks as well as the favorable outcome of the therapeutic applications.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ghadeer Ibrahim
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Alrefaei
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Karim
authors.affiliation: Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Histology and Cytology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt. Electronic address: nasraayuob@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nasra Naeim
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Ayuob
authors.affiliation: Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Soad Shaker
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000378:metabolism; D003656:Decidua / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000071063:Endoglin; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008423:Maternal Age; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D019012:Integrin beta1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
keywords: CD105; CD29; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mother age; Placenta; RT-PCR; Stem cell