title: Impact of fluctuations in gaseous H2S concentrations on sulfide uptake by sewer concrete: The effect of high H2S loads.
abstract: The acid production from the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in sewer air results in serious corrosion of exposed concrete surfaces in sewers. Large fluctuations of gaseous H2S concentrations occur in sewers due to the diurnal profiles of sewage flow and retention times and the necessity of intermittent pumping of sewage from pressure pipes into gravity pipes. How the high concentrations of H2S due to these events may affect H2S uptake and subsequent corrosion by concrete sewers is largely unknown. This study determined the effect of short- and long-term increases in H2S levels on the sulfide uptake rate (SUR) of concrete surfaces with an active corrosion layer. The results showed that during the high load situation the SUR increased significantly but then decreased (compared to the baseline SUR) by about 7-14% and 41-50% immediately after short- and long-term H2S high-load periods, respectively. For both exposure conditions, the SUR gradually (over several hours) recovered to approximately 90% of the baseline SUR. Further tests suggest multiple factors may contribute to the observed decrease of SUR directly after the high H2S load. This includes the temporary storage of elemental sulfur in the corrosion layer and inhibition of sulfide oxidizing bacteria (SOB) due to high H2S level and temporary acid surge. Additionally, the delay of the corrosion layer to fully recover the SUR after the high H2S load suggests that there is a longer-term inhibitive effect of the high H2S levels on the activity of the SOB in the corrosion layer. Due to the observed activity reductions, concrete exposed to occasional short-term high H2S load periods had an overall lower H2S uptake compared to concrete exposed to constant H2S levels at the same average concentration. To accurately predict H2S uptake by sewer concrete and hence the likely maximum corrosion rates, a correction factor should be adopted for the H2S fluctuations when average H2S levels are used in the prediction.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: x.sun@awmc.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: g.jiang@awmc.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: phil.bond@awmc.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: j.keller@awmc.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jurg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis*; D003343:Corrosion; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
keywords: Concrete; Corrosion; Fluctuation; High load; Hydrogen sulfide; Sewer