title: Non-nutritive functional agents in rattan-shoots, a food consumed by native people in the Philippines.
abstract: The tender shoots of Calamus ornatus, one of the food items consumed by the native people, Kanawan Aytas, in the Bataan region of the Philippines, have not been studied before. A bioassay-guided investigation of its methanolic extract afforded non-nutritive functional agents (NFAs), steroidal saponins 1-3, along with its aglycone (4). The NFAs 1-4 inhibited cyclooxygenase enzymes, COX-1 and -2, by 47%, 43%, 33%, and 53% and 71%, 75%, 78%, and 73%, respectively, at 28.2, 24.2, 21.2 and 60.4μM. Treatment of breast (MCF-7), CNS (SF-268), lung (NCI-H460), colon (HCT-116) and gastric (AGS) cancer cell lines with the extract at 100μg/ml reduced cell proliferation. Similarly, the pure NFAs 2 and 3 reduced the cell viability of breast, CNS, lung, colon and gastric cancer cell lines by 37.5%, 22.4%, 53.3%, 58.2%, 40.3% and 29.8%, 21.3%, 45.6%, 37.1%, 25.0%, respectively, at 24.2 and 21.2μM. The 50% reduction in cell viability (IC50) concentrations of 2 and 3 against these cancer cell lines were 8.8, 6.1, 7.5, 23.8, 12.1 and 3.8, 7.1, 3.3, 14.3, 12.1μM, respectively. This is the first report on the isolation of steroidal saponins from C. ornatus shoots and their antiinflammatory and tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activities. Therefore, our results suggest that the Kanawan Aytas may yield health benefits from rattan-shoots in their diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Gracia Fe
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals, Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Vanisree
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mulabagal
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals, Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Thushara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Diyabalanage
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Wilma A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hurtada
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: DeWitt
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals, Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electronic address: nairm@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Muraleedharan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nair
keywords: Antiinflammatory; Antitumor; Arecaceae; Calamus ornatus; Steroidal glycoside