title: Pyramiding of three bacterial blight resistance genes for broad-spectrum resistance in deepwater rice variety, Jalmagna.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Jalmagna is a popular deepwater rice variety with farmers of India because of its good yield under waterlogged condition. However, the variety is highly susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) disease. The development of resistant cultivars has been the most effective and economical strategy to control the disease under deepwater situation. Three resistance genes (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) were transferred from Swarna BB pyramid line, using a marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) breeding strategy, into the BB-susceptible elite deepwater cultivar, Jalmagna.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Molecular marker integrated backcross breeding program has been employed to transfer three major BB resistance genes (Xa21, xa13 and xa5) into Jalmagna variety. During backcross generations, markers closely linked to the three genes were used to select plants possessing these resistance genes and markers polymorphic between donor and recurrent parent were used to select plants that have maximum contribution from the recurrent parent genome. A selected BC3F1 plant was selfed to generate homozygous BC3F2 plants with different combinations of BB resistance genes. The three-gene pyramid and two gene pyramid lines exhibited high levels of resistance against the BB pathogen. Under conditions of BB infection, the three-gene pyramided lines exhibited a significant yield advantage over Jalmagna. The selected pyramided lines showed all agro-morphologic traits of Jalmagna without compromising the yield.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three major BB resistance genes pyramided lines exhibited high level of resistance and are expected to provide durable resistance under deep water situation where control through chemicals is less effective. High similarity in agro-morphologic traits and absence of antagonistic effects for yield and other characters were observed in the best pyramided lines.
authors.affiliation: Crop Improvement Division, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India, pradhancrri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sharat Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Deepak Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.forename: Lambodar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Behera
authors.forename: Saumya Ranjan
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Barik
authors.forename: Elssa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.forename: Srikanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lenka
authors.forename: Annamalai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anandan