title: Measles outbreak investigation in Dwarahat block of District Almora, Uttarakhand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report an assessment of measles outbreak during the months of February 2014 to April 2014 in Dwarahat block of district Almora and the response mounted to it.
  
  
  METHODS
  An intensive door-to-door search to six measles affected villages in Dwarahat block of district Almora, covering a population of 2,408 was carried out to identify the cases of measles by a rapid response team (RRT). A total of ten blood samples were randomly collected for detecting IgM antibody against measles. For all cases, information on personal details, place of residence, time of onset and status of immunization were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall attack rate (AR) was 2.8%. AR among the population of age-group 0-16 was 7.2%. Statistically significant higher AR (16.26%) was seen for the age-group of 0-5 years as compare to 6-10 and 11-16 years of age (AR-8.71, relative risk-0.53, 95% confidence interval-0.32-0.88, P value-0.012 and AR-0.57%, relative risk-0.035, 95% confidence interval-0.00-0.14, P value-0.000, respectively). Males were affected more often than females 35 [59.2%] vs. 24 [40.8%]. Measles-related complications were seen in three children. No death was reported. Of the 10 samples, nine were positive for measles IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recognition of early warning signals, timely investigation and application of specific control measures can contain the outbreak. The unvaccinated or partially protected human beings serve as the reservoir of measles virus. Hence, there is a need for sero surveillance for measles in Uttarakhand and one catch up measles immunisation campaign to prevent future outbreak.
authors.forename: S T M
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mehra
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007075:Immunoglobulin M