title: Stachys sieboldii (Labiatae, Chorogi) Protects against Learning and Memory Dysfunction Associated with Ischemic Brain Injury.
abstract: Stachys sieboldii (Labiatae; Chinese artichoke, a tuber), "chorogi" in Japanese, has been extensively used in folk medicine, and has a number of pharmacological properties, including antioxidative activity. However, few studies have examined the neuroprotective effects of S. sieboldii tuber extract (chorogi extract), and it remains unknown whether the extract can alleviate learning and memory dysfunction associated with vascular dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of chorogi extract, and examined its protection against learning and memory dysfunction using Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (ginkgo extract) as a positive control. Mice were subjected to bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) for 30 min. Oral administration of chorogi extract or ginkgo extract significantly reduced post-ischemic glucose intolerance on day 1 and neuronal damage including memory impairment on day 3 after BCAO, compared with the vehicle-treated group. Neither herbal medicine affected locomotor activity. Furthermore, neither significantly alleviated scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment. In primary neurons, neuronal survival rate was significantly reduced by hydrogen peroxide treatment. This hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity was significantly suppressed by chorogi extract and ginkgo extract. Taken together, our findings suggest that chorogi extract as well as ginkgo extract can protect against learning and memory dysfunction associated with ischemic brain injury through an antioxidative mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujita
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokuyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D001930:Brain Injuries; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000517:prevention & control; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D035281:Plant Tubers; D012601:Scopolamine; D031366:Stachys
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D012601:Scopolamine