title: Immunological Biomarkers in Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a recognized need for biological markers to facilitate diagnoses of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to distinguish it from other functional and organic disorders. As postinfectious IBS (PI-IBS) is believed to account for as many as one third of all IBS cases, here we sought to identify differences in specific cytokines and serologic responses across patients with idiopathic IBS and PI-IBS and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  At total of 120 US military personnel were identified from the Defense Medical Surveillance System-based International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD9-CM) codes recorded during medical encounters and were grouped based on infectious gastroenteritis (IGE) episode (Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella, or an unspecified pathogen) followed by IBS, IBS without antecedent IGE, or IGE without subsequent IBS within 2 years of the IGE exposure. Sera from subjects were assayed for cytokine levels and antibodies against a panel of microbiome antigens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 10 of 118 markers considered were shown to differ between IBS patients and healthy controls, including cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-1β, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), as well as antibody responses to microbial antigens. Antimicrobial antibody response profiles also differed between PI-IBS cases compared with IBS cases without an antecedent episode of acute IGE. Comparisons also suggest that immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG profiles may point to pathogen-specific origins among PI-IBS cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results provide further evidence as to the molecular distinctness of classes of IBS cases and that serum biomarkers may prove useful in elucidating their pathobiological pathways.
authors.affiliation: Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.affiliation: Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Katie Ann
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Paden
authors.affiliation: Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Alcala
authors.affiliation: Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Kayla M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Jaep
authors.affiliation: Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gormley
authors.affiliation: Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Maue
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Christmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Charles O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Elson
authors.affiliation: Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.affiliation: Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Chad K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000276:immunology; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000097:blood; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D015166:Monitoring, Immunologic / Q000379:methods; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000150:complications*; D012760:Shigella / Q000276:immunology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D015415:Biomarkers; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D007378:Interleukins