title: Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-2-iminochromene derivatives as selective and potent inhibitors of human carbonyl reductase 1.
abstract: Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1), a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, reduces anthracycline anticancer drugs to their less potent anticancer C-13 hydroxy metabolites, which are linked with pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity, a side effect of the drugs. CBR1 inhibitors are thought to be promising agents for adjuvant therapy with a twofold beneficial effect in prolonging the anticancer efficacy of the anthracyclines while decreasing cardiotoxicity. In order to search for new potential inhibitors of CBR1, we synthesized a series of des-methoxyphenyl derivatives of (Z)-2-(4-methoxyphenylimino)-7-hydroxy-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-2H-chromene-3-carboxamide (1) that was developed previously as a potent inhibitor of aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1B10 and AKR1B1. Among the newly synthesized inhibitors, 8-hydroxy-2-imino-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid (2-chlorophenyl)amide (13h) was the most potent competitive inhibitor of CBR1, showing a Ki value of 15 nM. 13h also showed high selectivity to CBR1 over its isozyme CBR3 and other enzymes with CBR activity (AKR1B1, AKR1B10, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C4, DXCR and DHRS4). Furthermore, 13h inhibited the cellular metabolism by CBR1 at its concentration of 4 μM. The structure-activity relationship of the derivatives, site-directed mutagenesis of putative binding residues (Met141 and Trp229) and molecular docking of 13h in CBR1 revealed that the interactions of 13h with the substrate-binding residues (Ser139, Met141, Tyr193 and Trp229) are important for the tight binding.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Namiki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oguri
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishinaka
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gouda
authors.forename: Ossama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El-Kabbani
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikari
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007097:Imines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D003374:Coumarins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007097:Imines; C030123:coumarin; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C531129:CBR1 protein, human