title: Exploring the Effects of Different Types of Surfactants on Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae.
abstract: Currently, surfactants are widely distributed in the environment. As organic pollutants, their toxicities have drawn extensive attention. In this study, the effects of anionic [sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)], cationic [dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1227)] and non-ionic [fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO)] surfactants on zebrafish larval behaviour were evaluated. Five behavioural parameters were recorded using a larval rest/wake assay, including rest total, number of rest bouts, rest bouts length, total activity and waking activity. The results revealed that 1227 and AEO at 1 μg/mL were toxic to larval locomotor activity and that SDS had no significant effects. Moreover, we tested the toxicities of the three surfactants in developing zebrafish embryos. AEO exposure resulted in smaller head size, smaller eye size and shorter body length relative to SDS and 1227. All three surfactants incurred concentration-dependent responses. Furthermore, in situ hybridisation indicated that smaller head size may be associated with a decreased expression of krox20. The altered expression of ntl demonstrated that the developmental retardation stemmed from inhibited cell migration and growth. These findings provide references for ecotoxicological assessments of different types of surfactants, and play a warning role in the application of surfactants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Aiai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Dongyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xizeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C015163:dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium