title: Anti-tumor activity and the mechanism of SIP-S: A sulfated polysaccharide with anti-metastatic effect.
abstract: Our previous studies demonstrated that SIP-S had anti-metastatic activity and inhibited the growth of metastatic foci. Here we report the anti-tumor and immunoregulatory potential of SIP-S. SIP-S could significantly inhibit tumor growth in S180-bearing mice, and the inhibition rates was 43.7% at 30 mg/kg d. Besides, SIP-S could improve the thymus and spleen indices of S180-bearing mice and the mice treated with CTX. The combination of SIP-S (15 mg/kg d) with CTX (12.5 mg/kg d) showed higher anti-tumor potency than CTX (25 mg/kg d) alone. These results indicated that SIP-S had immunoenhancing and anticancer activity, and the immunoenhancing activity might be one mechanism for its anti-tumor activity. Flow cytometry results showed that SIP-S could induce tumor cells apoptosis. Western blot analysis indicated that SIP-S could upregulate the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, caspase-3, -8, -9 and Bax, and downregulate the expression of anti-apoptotic protein PARP-1 in tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, SIP-S has anti-tumor activity, which may be associated with its immunostimulating and pro-apoptotic activity.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China; Institute of Agro-Food Science Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Aizhen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinlei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Yikang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Food Science Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Fangling
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China. Electronic address: fswang@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fengshan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: Anti-tumor activity; Apoptosis; Cyclophosphamide; Immunoenhancing activity; SIP-S