title: Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection.
abstract: Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni, there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Nadeem O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Kaakoush
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castaño-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Hazel M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA SiMing.Man@StJude.org.
authors.forename: Si Ming
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5079-2857
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Man
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors