title: Use of a Hand Sanitizing Wipe for Reducing Risk of Viral Illness in the Home.
abstract: This study determined whether a hand sanitizing wipe can reduce virus transmission in households, and could reduce the probability of infection by rhinovirus and rotavirus. Bacteriophage MS-2 (a marker virus) was used to assess viral transmission in five households having at least two children of ages 2-18. Hands of one female adult were inoculated with ~10(8) PFU MS-2 bacteriophages in each home, and after 8 h, hands of all family members and select fomites were sampled to determine baseline contamination without intervention. This sequence was repeated with the intervention, where all family members were instructed to use a quaternary ammonium compound-based sanitizing wipe at least once per day. A significant reduction of virus after the intervention occurred on inoculated hands (95.3%; p = 0.0039), all fomites combined (74.5%; p < 0.005), and non-inoculated hands and fomites combined (73.5%; p < 0.005). However, viral reduction on non-inoculated hands was not significant, likely due to small sample size. Using rhinovirus and rotavirus as models it was estimated that infection risk was reduced by ~30 to 89% with the use of sanitizing wipes once per day depending on the starting concentration of these viruses on hands of susceptible individuals. Therefore, using a hand sanitizing wipe can significantly reduce viral transmission and risk of illness in homes. Previous studies have shown other hand hygiene interventions, such as alcohol-based hand sanitizers, are even more effective for reducing risk of illness in homes; however the sanitizing wipe used in this study is appropriate to use for microbial reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Akrum H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Tamimi
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, GOJO Industries, One GOJO Plaza, Suite 500, Akron, OH, 44311, USA. wilsonsa@gojo.com.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Edmonds-Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gerba
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D064548:Hand Sanitizers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006794:Household Articles; D006801:Humans; D017909:Levivirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019562:Viral Load; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D064548:Hand Sanitizers
keywords: Hand hygiene; Hand sanitizing wipe; Homes; Risk assessment; Virus transmission