title: An analysis of England's nursing policy on compassion and the 6Cs: the hidden presence of M. Simone Roach's model of caring.
abstract: In 2012, chief nursing officers (CNO) in England published a policy on compassion in response to serious criticisms of patients' care. Because their objective is fundamentally to shape nursing, this study argues, following Popper, that the policy should be analysed. An appraisal tool, developed from Popper, Gadamer, Jauss and Thiselton, is the framework for this analysis. The CNO policy document identified six values and behaviours, termed '6Cs', required by all nurses, midwives and care staff. The document contains no data, references or acknowledgements, but is similar to the 6Cs defined by the Canadian nursing nun, Sister M. Simone Roach, in her theory of caring published 30 years earlier. Roach considered caring and the components of it, including compassion, to be moral virtues, an inner motivation to care. This study suggests that without explicit reference to Roach's ideas, and her underlying theoretical base, the CNO requirement has the effect of turning virtues into commodities and a form of external control, described by Ritzer as a McDonaldized dehumanization. This study, which has international relevance beyond England and the UK, suggests that the CNO revise their policy by acknowledging Roach's 6Cs and openly discuss the implications of her work for their policy.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004645:Empathy; D004739:England; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008880:Midwifery; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009729:Nursing / Q000592:standards*; D009742:Nursing Theory; D013222:State Medicine; D028722:Virtues
keywords: 6Cs; McDonaldization; Roach; behaviours; compassion; moral virtues; nursing policy; values