title: Consensus statement on surgical pathology of the aorta from the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology: I. Inflammatory diseases.
abstract: Inflammatory diseases of the aorta include routine atherosclerosis, aortitis, periaortitis, and atherosclerosis with excessive inflammatory responses, such as inflammatory atherosclerotic aneurysms. The nomenclature and histologic features of these disorders are reviewed and discussed. In addition, diagnostic criteria are provided to distinguish between these disorders in surgical pathology specimens. An initial classification scheme is provided for aortitis and periaortitis based on the pattern of the inflammatory infiltrate: granulomatous/giant cell pattern, lymphoplasmacytic pattern, mixed inflammatory pattern, and the suppurative pattern. These inflammatory patterns are discussed in relation to specific systemic diseases including giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's), rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, Cogan syndrome, Behçet's disease, relapsing polychondritis, syphilitic aortitis, and bacterial and fungal infections.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jrstone@partners.org.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: University Paris-Descartes, France. Electronic address: patrick.bruneval@egp.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruneval
authors.affiliation: University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.affiliation: University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartoloni
authors.affiliation: University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.affiliation: Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Lubov
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Batoroeva
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: L Maximilian
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Buja
authors.affiliation: Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Jagdish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butany
authors.affiliation: Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: d'Amati
authors.affiliation: New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.affiliation: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Adriana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gittenberger-de Groot
authors.affiliation: Hospital Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rosa H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Marc K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Halushka
authors.affiliation: East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kholova
authors.affiliation: Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA.
authors.forename: Silvio H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Litovsky
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Maleszewski
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Dylan V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Papworth Hospital, Cambridgeshire, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.affiliation: Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Radio
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: E Rene
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: St George Medical School, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mary N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.affiliation: Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: S Kim
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Suvarna
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Carmela D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thiene
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Allard C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van der Wal
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Veinot
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology*; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D010340:Pathology, Surgical
keywords: Aorta; Aortitis; Atherosclerosis; Inflammatory aneurysm