title: Determinants of gestational night blindness in pregnant women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence and determinants of gestational night blindness in pregnant women receiving care in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of pregnant and postpartum women receiving care in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro from 1999 to 2001 (group I; n 225) or from 2005 to 2008 (group II; n 381). Night blindness was identified through a standardized and validated interview (WHO, 1996). The determinants of gestational night blindness were identified through a hierarchical logistic regression model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult pregnant and postpartum women (n 606), aged ≥20 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of gestational night blindness was 9·9 %. The final model revealed that not living in the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro (distal level: adjusted OR=1·846; 95 % CI 1·002, 3·401), belonging to group I (intermediate level: adjusted OR=2·183; 95 % CI 1·066, 4·471) and for the proximal level, having a history of abortion (adjusted OR=2·840; 95 % CI 1·134, 7·115) and having anaemia during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy (adjusted OR=3·776; 95 % CI 1·579, 9·029) were determinants of gestational night blindness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gestational night blindness should be assessed for during the prenatal care of all pregnant women, especially those living in deprived areas of the city and/or who have a history of abortion or anaemia. Nutritional monitoring is recommended during pregnancy to control gestational night blindness.
authors.affiliation: 1Departamento de Nutrição e Dietètica,Instituto de Nutrição Josuè de Castro,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco J - 2º andar - sala26, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-590,Brasil.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: 4Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde,Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/FIOCRUZ),Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria do Carmo
authors.initials: Mdo C
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: 5Programa de Doutorado em Nutrição em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública,Universidade de São Paulo (USP),São Paulo,SP,Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo Augusto Ribeiro
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: 1Departamento de Nutrição e Dietètica,Instituto de Nutrição Josuè de Castro,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco J - 2º andar - sala26, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-590,Brasil.
authors.forename: Patricia de Carvalho
authors.initials: Pde C
authors.lastname: Padilha
authors.affiliation: 6Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição,Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ),Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brasil.
authors.forename: Letícia Barbosa Gabriel
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: 4Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde,Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/FIOCRUZ),Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brasil.
authors.forename: Arthur Orlando Corrêa
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Schilithz
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000328:Adult; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016015:Logistic Models; D009755:Night Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary; D014801:Vitamin A; D005492:Folic Acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Cross-sectional study; Night blindness; Pregnant women; Vitamin A deficiency