title: Progression to Legal Blindness in Patients With Normal Tension Glaucoma: Hospital-Based Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the probability of an eye with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) progressing to legal blindness under standard ophthalmic care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed with NTG (n = 382) between 1985 and 2007 at Gifu University Hospital were followed for at least 5 years under standard ophthalmic care. The collected data included the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual field status. Blindness was defined as a BCVA of <20/400 or a constriction of the central visual field to <10° according to the World Health Organization criteria. Kaplan-Meier life table analysis was used to estimate the probability of progressing to blindness in one or both eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up period after diagnosis was 13.3 ± 5.4 years with a range of 5.0 to 29.1 years. At diagnosis, 18 patients (4.7%) had unilateral blindness due to glaucoma. At final examination, 34 patients had progressed to unilateral blindness and 5 to bilateral blindness. The Kaplan-Meier life table analysis estimate for unilateral blindness was 5.8 ± 1.3% at 10 years and 9.9 ± 1.9% at 20 years. Similarly, that for bilateral blindness was 0.3 ± 0.3% at 10 years and 1.4 ± 0.8% at 20 years. A Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that a lower initial BCVA (P < 0.001), a worse initial AGIS (Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study) score (P = 0.002), and the frequency of changing glaucoma medications during the follow-up periods (P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with the development of blindness in at least one eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The probability of blindness in eyes with NTG is much lower than previously reported in patients with high-tension glaucoma. Nevertheless, special care should be taken to follow NTG patients, and especially those with worse BCVA and more advanced visual field loss at diagnosis.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001766:Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D057066:Low Tension Glaucoma / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult