title: The association of both self-reported and behavioral impulsivity with the annual prevalence of substance use among early adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In relation to substance use, Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 14 can be largely classified in four groups, from highest to lowest prevalence: (a) No substance use, (b) Only alcohol use, (c) Alcohol and tobacco use, and (d) Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. The aim of the present study is to analyze the possible relationship between impulsivity and the substance-use group to which the young person belongs
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand three hundred and forty-eight adolescents aged 12 to 14 in northern and eastern Spain reported their drug use, completed impulsivity self-reports (BIS-11-A and ImpSS) and performed behavioral tasks (Stroop Test and Delay Discounting).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results from both measurement approaches were related to early drug use. An increasing impulsivity trend is found across groups from less to more substance involvement, except in the case of Delay Discounting, which is sensitive only for those with more substance-involved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impulsivity is a key factor for early drug use, especially as regards more substance-involved. This should be taken into account in designing prevention programs or as a key variable for interventions aimed at delaying the onset of substance use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33003, Spain. martinezlvictor@uniovi.es.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martínez-Loredo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33003, Spain. jrhermid@uniovi.es.
authors.forename: José Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fernández-Hermida
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33003, Spain. sfernandezartamendi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández-Artamendi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain. jcarballo@umh.es.
authors.forename: José Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carballo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33003, Spain. cueto@uniovi.es.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Cueto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33003, Spain. garciaolaya@uniovi.es.
authors.forename: Olaya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: García-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology