title: Influence of exercise mode on pregnancy outcomes: ENHANCED by Mom project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The extent of the benefits of exercise training during pregnancy on maternal, fetal, and neonatal health outcomes has not been sufficiently addressed. While aerobic exercise training has been determined as safe and efficacious throughout pregnancy, the effects of other training modes on fetal health and development as well as any continued benefits for the neonate, especially with regards to cardiovascular development and function, is largely unknown. In the ENHANCED by Mom study we aim to determine the effects of different modes of exercise training (aerobic, circuit, and resistance) throughout pregnancy on childhood health by controlling individual exercise programs and assessing the effects of each on fetal and neonatal health adaptations.
  
  
  METHODS
  ENHANCED by mom is a cross sectional comparison study utilizing 3 intervention groups in comparison to a control group. Participants will complete three 5 min warmup + 45 min sessions weekly from 16 weeks to 36 weeks gestation of aerobic, resistance, or circuit training, in comparison to non-exercising controls. Maternal physical measurements will occur every 4 weeks throughout the intervention period. Fetal morphometric and heart measurements will occur at 34 weeks gestation. Neonatal measurements will be acquired at birth and at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A better understanding on the effects of exercise training during pregnancy on fetal and neonatal health could have a profound impact on the prevention and development of chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC 27834, USA. moyer89@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ECU, Greenville, NC 27834, USA. jeff_livingston@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, ECU, Greenville, NC 27834, USA. fangx@ecu.edu.
authors.forename: Xiangming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Foundational Sciences and Research, ECU, 1851 MacGregor Downs Rd, MS#701, Greenville, NC 27834, USA. mayl@ecu.edu.
authors.forename: Linda E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: May
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D055815:Young Adult