title: A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and chiral separation of carvedilol in human plasma using capillary electrophoresis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Development of simple, rapid and precise analysis of chiral drugs in biological samples is an important issue. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in combination with CE using field amplified sample injection has been of interest because of its capability to analyze trace amount of drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-CE-field amplified sample injection was employed for chiral separation of carvedilol in human plasma using UV-DAD detector and the developed method has been validated according to US FDA method validation guideline for bioanalysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method was linear over a concentration range of 12.5-100 ng/ml for each carvedilol enantiomer (R(2) = 0.998) and the mean recoveries ranged from 91 to 107%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method was adapted for sensitive, selective and rapid determination of carvedilol enantiomers in human plasma samples.
authors.forename: Samin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamidi
authors.forename: Somaieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soltani
authors.forename: Abolghasem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jouyban
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D016014:Linear Models; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D012997:Solvents; D000077261:Carvedilol