title: Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in vivo infection modulates TLR4 responsiveness in differentiated myeloid cells which is associated with decreased MyD88 expression.
abstract: Symptoms of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection range from subclinical to severe, depending on strain virulence. Several in vitro studies showed BVDV infection impaired leukocyte function. Fewer studies have examined the effects of in vivo BVDV infection on monocyte/macrophage function, especially with strains of differing virulence. We characterized cytokine production by bovine myeloid cells isolated early or late in high (HV) or low virulence (LV) BVDV2 infection. Given BVDV infection may enhance susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection, LPS responses were examined as well. Monocytes from HV and LV infected calves produced higher levels of cytokines compared to cells from controls. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophage cytokine levels were generally reduced. Modulated cytokine expression in HV BVDV2 macrophages was associated with decreased MyD88 expression, likely due to its interaction with viral NS5A. These data and those of others, suggest that certain Flaviviridae may have evolved strategies for subverting receptor signaling pathways involving MyD88.
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, 2018 Molecular Biology Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Schaut
authors.affiliation: Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Jodi L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McGill
authors.affiliation: Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Neill
authors.affiliation: Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Julia F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ridpath
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, 2018 Molecular Biology Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Electronic address: randy.sacco@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Randy E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sacco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D030242:Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1
keywords: Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC); Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV 2); Cytokine; Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88); Nonstructural gene 5A (NS5A); qPCR