title: Sulfate reduction and mixotrophic sulfide-utilization denitrification integrated biofilm process for sulfate-laden wastewater treatment and sulfur recovery.
abstract: A novel and integrated biofilm process--the sulfate reduction (SR) and mixotrophic (MR) sulfide-utilization denitrification process (SMSD)--was recently proposed for sulfate treatment and sulfur recovery. The process consisted of two bioreactors: a 5.1 L anaerobic upflow reactor for SR, and a 3.5 L anaerobic upflow reactor for MR desulfurization-denitrification. The experiment was conducted for 370 days to evaluate the performance of SMSD at various sulfate concentrations and hydraulic retention times. The process successfully achieved sulfate, organics and nitrogen compound removal efficiencies of 94.1, 97.7 and 99.1%, respectively. Sulfate was predominantly converted to element sulfur, while nitrate and nitrite were finally converted to nitrogen gas. In SR, with the help of high pH and sponge cubes with various bacteria, 97.5% of sulfide conversion efficiency and 540 mgS/L of sulfide were obtained. In MR, sulfide was removed up to 100% and was partially oxidized to sulfur. The extent of heterotrophic denitrification, which ranged from 35.8 to 59.8%, depended on the categories of electron acceptors.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China E-mail: weiwei99231@126.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Traffic Equipment and Ocean Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China E-mail: weiwei99231@126.com.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China E-mail: weiwei99231@126.com.
authors.forename: Binxia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China E-mail: weiwei99231@126.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China E-mail: weiwei99231@126.com.
authors.forename: Xinyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China E-mail: weiwei99231@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D058440:Denitrification; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D009573:Nitrites; D009584:Nitrogen; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013440:Sulfides; D013455:Sulfur; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009584:Nitrogen; D013431:Sulfates; D013440:Sulfides; D013455:Sulfur; D062065:Wastewater