title: HIV Treatment Scale-Up and HIV-Related Stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Longitudinal Cross-Country Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We estimated the association between antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake and HIV-related stigma at the population level in sub-Saharan Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined trends in HIV-related stigma and ART coverage in sub-Saharan Africa during 2003 to 2013 using longitudinal, population-based data on ART coverage from the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS and on HIV-related stigma from the Demographic and Health Surveys and AIDS Indicator Surveys. We fitted 2 linear regression models with country fixed effects, with the percentage of men or women reporting HIV-related stigma as the dependent variable and the percentage of people living with HIV on ART as the explanatory variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen countries in sub-Saharan Africa were included in our analysis. For each 1% increase in ART coverage, we observed a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of women (b = -0.226; P = .007; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.383, -0.070) and men (b = -0.281; P = .009; 95% CI = -0.480, -0.082) in the general population reporting HIV-related stigma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An important benefit of ART scale-up may be the diminution of HIV-related stigma in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Brian T. Chan, Alexander C. Tsai, and Mark J. Siedner are with Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Brian T. Chan is also with the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston. Alexander C. Tsai and Mark J. Siedner are also with Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Brian T. Chan, Alexander C. Tsai, and Mark J. Siedner are with Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Brian T. Chan is also with the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston. Alexander C. Tsai and Mark J. Siedner are also with Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Brian T. Chan, Alexander C. Tsai, and Mark J. Siedner are with Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Brian T. Chan is also with the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston. Alexander C. Tsai and Mark J. Siedner are also with Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Siedner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents