title: Finding the Needle in the Haystack: Characterization of Trace Crystallinity in a Commercial Formulation of Paclitaxel Protein-Bound Particles by Raman Spectroscopy Enabled by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy.
abstract: Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy was used to rapidly identify regions of interest for localized confocal Raman spectroscopy measurements in order to quantify crystallinity within lyophilized Abraxane powder (protein bound paclitaxel for injectable suspension). Water insoluble noncentrosymmetric crystalline particles ranging from ∼1 to 120 μm were identified by SHG, with wide variability in crystal size and frequency observed between several batches of Abraxane. By targeting the Raman analysis to these localized regions identified by SHG, the required measurement time was decreased over 2 orders of magnitude, from 8 h to 2 s. Experimental Raman spectra of SHG active domains in Abraxane were in good agreement with experimental spectra of pure crystalline paclitaxel. These collective results are consistent with up to 30% of the active ingredient being present as poorly soluble crystalline particulates in some batches of Abraxane.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry and ‡Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry and ‡Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Niraj S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Trasi
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry and ‡Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Lynne S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry and ‡Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Garth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000068196:Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D009339:Needles; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods; D013535:Suspensions / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000068196:Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel; D011208:Powders; D011506:Proteins; D013535:Suspensions; D017239:Paclitaxel
keywords: Abraxane; Raman spectroscopy; amorphous formulations; lyophilization; microscopy; nanosuspensions; paclitaxel; second harmonic generation