title: Canalicular laceration repair using a viscoelastic injection to locate and dilate the proximal torn edge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Canalicular lacerations are common complications of eyelid trauma in the pediatric population. Irrigating air, water, and colored or viscous agents through the intact canaliculus have been suggested to identify the torn proximal edge. We report our experience in repairing canalicular lacerations using a novel viscoelastic injection technique with a Monoka monocanalicular stent.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients <18 years of age who underwent repair of a canalicular laceration with a monocanalicular stent using superficial viscoelastic deployment to locate the torn canaliculus were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, cause of eyelid injury, surgical management using our novel viscoelastic injection technique, and outcome were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 38 children with lid lacerations were identified, of whom the 17 with canalicular involvement were included (mean age, 6.27 years). Canalicular injury in these 17 was due to dog bite (9 patients) and shearing trauma (8 patients). In 11 patients, the injury was located in the lower lid; in 4, the upper lid; and in 2, combined upper and lower lids. All patients had good anatomic repair and on follow-up had negative dye disappearance tests and were free of tearing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deploying viscoelastic superficially near, and injecting into the injured canaliculus can improve visualization of the operative field by retracting the surrounding tissue and tamponading any bleeding, which aids in location and dilation of the torn canaliculus initially and in subsequent steps, eases intubation into the lubricated torn canaliculus and nasolacrimal duct, and avoids iatrogenic injury to an uninjured canaliculus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve Medical Center University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address: farukorge@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Faruk H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Örge
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve Medical Center University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Suhail A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D022125:Lacerations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013536:Suture Techniques; D055682:Viscoelastic Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D055682:Viscoelastic Substances