title: Hepatic and renal effects of cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: Although associated with low morbidity and mortality, cardiopulmonary bypass remains a "non-physiologic" device that carries a set of complications. Hepatic and renal impairment are associated with a poor outcome. The knowledge of pathophysiology, risk factors and therapeutic interventions can help the anaesthesiologist in preventing these complications in daily practice. The present narrative review provides an update of the literature on the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on hepatic and renal functions, focussing on markers of hepatic and renal injuries, perioperative strategies in preserving organ function and replacement therapies.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: ditomasso.nora@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Di Tomasso
authors.affiliation: IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: monaco.fabrizio@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.affiliation: IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: http://www.unisr.it/persona.asp?id=8713&linguacv=english.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Landoni
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: acute kidney injury; anaesthesia; cardiac anaesthesia; cardiopulmonary bypass; hepatic dysfunction; intensive care; renal injury; shock liver