title: Revision and psychometric testing of the Incivility in Nursing Education (INE) survey: introducing the INE-R.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Academic incivility is a serious challenge for nursing education, which needs to be empirically measured and fully addressed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of nursing faculty and students from 20 schools of nursing in the United States participated in a mixed-methods study to test the psychometric properties of the Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised (INE-R) Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A factor analysis and other reliability analyses support the use of the INE-R as a valid and reliable measurement of student and faculty perceptions of incivility in nursing education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The INE-R is a psychometrically sound instrument to measure faculty and student perceptions of incivility; to examine differences regarding levels of nursing education, program type, gender, age, and ethnicity; to compare perceptions of incivility between and among adjunct, clinical, teaching, and research faculty; and to conduct pre- and postassessments of the perceived levels of faculty and student incivility in nursing programs to inform evidence-based interventions.
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Celestina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbosa-Leiker
authors.forename: Larecia Money
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Danh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004506:Education, Nursing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires