title: [Thrombosed scapular intramuscular venous malformation: A pediatric case report].
abstract: Venous malformation (VM) is a frequent soft tissue mass in children that should not be confused with vascular tumors. We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with a bulky thrombosed VM of the shoulder with functional disability. D-dimer levels were high. Pathognomonic phleboliths were demonstrated on conventional x-rays. Echo-doppler confirmed the venous nature of the lesion and areas without flow suspicious for thrombosis. MRI provides the deep extension and can show non-calcified thrombi that are difficult to see with ultrasound. Localized intravascular coagulopathy is often associated with thrombosis phenomena and has to be confirmed by measurement of D-dimer levels in order to initiate anticoagulation quickly with low-molecular-weight heparin. Follow-up includes measurement of D-dimer levels and potentially MRI to evaluate the anticoagulation efficacy and tailor treatment duration.
authors.affiliation: Service d'imagerie pédiatrique et fœtale, CHU Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France. Electronic address: amel9219@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fekir
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie, CHU Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Balguerie
authors.affiliation: Service d'imagerie pédiatrique et fœtale, CHU Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bardoux
authors.affiliation: Service d'imagerie pédiatrique et fœtale, CHU Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France.
authors.forename: J-N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Dacher
authors.affiliation: Service d'imagerie pédiatrique et fœtale, CHU Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France; X-Ray expert, Maison médicale de l'Hôpital privé de l'Estuaire, 505, rue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 76620 Le Havre, France.
authors.forename: P-H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Vivier
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D012540:Scapula; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis