title: Laccase-Catalyzed Surface Modification of Thermo-Mechanical Pulp (TMP) for the Production of Wood Fiber Insulation Boards Using Industrial Process Water.
abstract: Low-density wood fiber insulation boards are traditionally manufactured in a wet process using a closed water circuit (process water). The water of these industrial processes contains natural phenolic extractives, aside from small amounts of admixtures (e.g., binders and paraffin). The suitability of two fungal laccases and one bacterial laccase was determined by biochemical characterization considering stability and substrate spectra. In a series of laboratory scale experiments, the selected commercial laccase from Myceliophtora thermophila was used to catalyze the surface modification of thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) using process water. The laccase catalyzed the covalent binding of the phenolic compounds of the process water onto the wood fiber surface and led to change of the surface chemistry directly via crosslinking of lignin moieties. Although a complete substitution of the binder was not accomplished by laccase, the combined use of laccase and latex significantly improved the mechanical strength properties of wood fiber boards. The enzymatically-treated TMP showed better interactions with the synthetic binder, as shown by FTIR-analysis. Moreover, the enzyme is extensively stable in the process water and the approach requires no fresh water as well as no cost-intensive mediator. By applying a second-order polynomial model in combination with the genetic algorithm (GA), the required amount of laccase and synthetic latex could be optimized enabling the reduction of the binder by 40%.
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Applied Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: Pavatex SA, Cham, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruedin
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Applied Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Civardi
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biointerfaces, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Applied Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hach
authors.affiliation: Pavatex SA, Cham, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christen
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000201:enzymology; D055162:Biocatalysis; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D014867:Water; D008031:Lignin; D042845:Laccase