title: Resolution-enhanced 2D NMR of complex mixtures by non-uniform sampling.
abstract: NMR is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex mixtures and the identification of individual components. Two-dimensional (2D) NMR potentially offers a wealth of information, but resolution is often sacrificed in order to contain experimental times. We explore the use of non-uniform sampling (NUS) to increase substantially the resolution of 2D NMR spectra of complex mixtures of small molecules, with no increase in experimental time. Two common pulse sequences for metabolomics applications are analysed, HSQC and TOCSY. Specific attention is paid to sensitivity in resolution-enhanced NUS spectra, using the signal-to-maximum-noise ratio as a metric. With a careful choice of sampling schedule and reconstruction algorithm, resolution in the (13) C dimension for HSQC is increased by a factor of at least 32, with no loss in sensitivity and no spurious peaks. For TOCSY, multiplets can be resolved in the indirect dimension in a reasonable experimental time. These properties should increase the usefulness of 2D NMR for metabolomics applications by, for example, increasing the chances of metabolite identification.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.|Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, BP92208, 2, rue de la Houssinière, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
authors.forename: Adrien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Guennec
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Nicolas
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Dumez
authors.affiliation: Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, BP92208, 2, rue de la Houssinière, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 03, France.|Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Boulevard St. Michel, 75005, Paris Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giraudeau
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.|Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caldarelli
keywords: 13C; 1H; 2D NMR; HSQC; TOCSY; complex mixture; resolution-enhanced NUS