title: EEG Changes Due to Experimentally Induced 3G Mobile Phone Radiation.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 15-minute placement of a 3G dialing mobile phone causes direct changes in EEG activity compared to the placement of a sham phone. Furthermore, it was investigated whether placement of the mobile phone on the ear or the heart would result in different outcomes. Thirty-one healthy females participated. All subjects were measured twice: on one of the two days the mobile phone was attached to the ear, the other day to the chest. In this single-blind, cross-over design, assessments in the sham phone condition were conducted directly preceding and following the mobile phone exposure. During each assessment, EEG activity and radiofrequency radiation were recorded jointly. Delta, theta, alpha, slowbeta, fastbeta, and gamma activity was computed. The association between radiation exposure and the EEG was tested using multilevel random regression analyses with radiation as predictor of main interest. Significant radiation effects were found for the alpha, slowbeta, fastbeta, and gamma bands. When analyzed separately, ear location of the phone was associated with significant results, while chest placement was not. The results support the notion that EEG alterations are associated with mobile phone usage and that the effect is dependent on site of placement. Further studies are required to demonstrate the physiological relevance of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roggeveen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Viechtbauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Richel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lousberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D040421:Cell Phone; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D004423:Ear / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans