title: Subcritical extraction of flaxseed oil with n-propane: Composition and purity.
abstract: Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil was obtained via subcritical n-propane fluid extraction (SubFE) under different temperatures and pressures with an average yield of 28% and its composition, purity and oxidative stability were compared to oils obtained via conventional solvent extraction methods (SEMs). When the oxidative stability was measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the oil was found to be up to 5 times more resistant to lipid oxidation as compared to the SEM oils. Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis showed characteristic and similar TAG profiles for SubFE and SEMs oils but higher purity for the SubFE oil. The flaxseed oil content of β-tocopherol, campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol were quantified via GC-MS. SubFE showed to be a promising alternative to conventional SEM since SubFE provides an oil with higher purity and higher oxidation stability and with comparable levels of biologically active components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Beatriz
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zanqui
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Damila Rodrigues
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: de Morais
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Marques
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jandyson Machado
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Terezinha Marques
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jesuí Vergílio
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Visentainer
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Nogueira
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Eberlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry Engineering, State University of Maringá, UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lúcio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cardozo-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. Electronic address: mmakoto@uem.br.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushita
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000032:analysis; D011312:Pressure; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011407:Propane / Q000737:chemistry*; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000032:analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013265:Stigmasterol / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature; D024503:beta-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D010840:Phytosterols; D012855:Sitosterols; C021273:campesterol; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; D008043:Linseed Oil; D002784:Cholesterol; D013265:Stigmasterol; D024503:beta-Tocopherol; D011407:Propane
keywords: Campesterol (PubChem CID: 173183; Flaxseed oil; Linoleic acid (PubChem CID: 5280450; Phytosterol; Sitosterol (PubChem CID: 222284); Stigmasterol (PubChem CID: 5280794); Subcritical fluid extraction; Tocopherol; α-Linolenic acid (PubChem CID: 5280934); β-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 6857447)