title: ATRA and Genistein synergistically inhibit the metastatic potential of human lung adenocarcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was to investigate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with Genistein on the proliferation, expression of apoptosis related proteins and adhesion molecules (MUC1 and ICAM-1) and invasiveness of A549 cells, aiming to investigate whether combined therapy of ATRA and Genistein is superior to monotherapy in suppressing metastasis of lung cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  ATRA, Genistein and both were used to treat human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 cells). Immunohistochemistry was done for MUC1 expression, flow cytometry for ICAM-1 expression, fluorescence quantitative PCR for MUC1 expression and Western blot assay for the expressions of cell cycle related proteins (CDK4, Rb and p-ERK1/2) and apoptosis related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2). Cells were seeded into Matrigel pre-coated Transwell chambers, and the migrating cells were counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined treatment with ATRA and Genistein was able to reduce the expressions of Bcl-2, MUC1 and ICAM-1 and exerted synergistic effects to inhibit the invasion of A549 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ATRA and Genistein may synergistically inhibit MUC1 and ICAM-1 expressions and affect the expressions of cell cycle related proteins (CDK4, Rb and p-ERK1/2) and apoptosis related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2), inhibit the metastatic potential of lung cancer A549 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400037, China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Institute Chongqing 400030, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College Chongqing 401331, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Tao
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400037, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Chongqing Traditional Chinese medicine Hospital Chongqing 400022, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400037, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400037, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Qiang
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathologists, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400037, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400037, China.
authors.forename: Ren-Jie
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
keywords: All-trans retinoic acid; Genistein; ICAM-1; MUC1; lung carcinoma; metastatic potential