title: Evaluation of Bt-cotton Genotypes for Resistance to Cotton Leaf Curl Disease under High Inoculum Pressure in the Field and Using Graft Inoculation in Glasshouse.
abstract: Bt-cotton germplasm, consisting of 75 genotypes was evaluated against cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) under high inoculum pressure in the field and using graft inoculation in glasshouse by visual symptom scoring assessments. None of the tested genotype was found disease free under both evaluation tests. Under field conditions in 2011, 3 genotypes were found resistant, 4 moderately resistant, 3 tolerant, 2 moderately susceptible and one susceptible; in 2012, 3 genotypes were tolerant, 7 moderately susceptible, 5 susceptible and 38 highly susceptible; in 2013, one was moderately susceptible and 51 were highly susceptible with varying degree of percent disease index (PDI) and severity index (SI). However, through graft evaluation in glasshouse, none of the graft inoculated plant was symptomless. All tested genotypes showed disease symptoms with SI values ranging between 5.0 and 6.0, and latent period between 12 and 14 days. Of the 75 genotypes evaluated using graft inoculation, 11 were found susceptible with SI values of 5.0 to 5.4 while remaining 64 were highly susceptible with SI values of 5.5 to 6.0. Inoculated plants of all tested genotypes exhibited severe disease symptoms within 10 days after the appearance of initial symptoms. No reduction in SI value was observed until the end of the experiment i.e., 90 days after grafting. Information generated under the present study clearly demonstrates that no sources of resistance to CLCuD are available among the tested Bt-cotton genotypes. So, a breeding programme is needed to introgress the CLCuD-resistance from other resistant sources to agronomically suitable Bt-cotton genotypes.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Khalid Pervaiz
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Manzoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.lastname: Mahmood-Ul-Hassan
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nighat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarwar
keywords: Bt-cotton; cotton leaf curl disease; graft inoculation; natural screening