title: Hemodynamic responses and energy expenditure during blood flow restriction exercise in obese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study investigated the acute effects of different initial restrictive pressures (IRP; tightness of cuffs before inflation with air) on heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and energy expenditure (EE) during constant-load upright cycling.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a within subject study design, 34 obese men (age = 24·3, n = 18) and women (age = 23·1, n = 16) completed three cycling sessions (two blood flow restriction and one control sessions). The cycling exercise was performed with an external load of 1kp at 50 rpm for 20 min with 1-min rest after the 10th-min. The blood flow restriction (BFR) cuffs were placed on the thigh of both legs during BFR sessions and IRP and IRP of ~40 or ~60 mmHg were applied in random order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant condition × time interactions for HR, SBP, RPE and RER and time × gender interactions for HR and SBP. There were also significant condition and time main effects for HR, SBP, RPE and RER (P<0·01) and a significant condition effect for EE (P<0·05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intensity of exercise with BFR was higher and affected by IRP, but the subjects perceived the effort as 'light'. Low-intensity cycling with BFR shows potential to reduce the time requirement per session to elicit greater EE while placing greater demands on the circulatory system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sonio D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012119:Respiration; D013781:Texas; D013997:Time Factors; D014111:Tourniquets; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: blood flow restriction; cycling exercise; energy expenditure; hemodynamic responses; obese individuals