title: Selection of phage-displayed peptides for the detection of imidacloprid in water and soil.
abstract: Imidacloprid is the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide in the world and shows widespread environment and human exposures. A phage clone designated L7-1 that selectively binds to imidacloprid was selected from a commercial phage display library containing linear 7-mer randomized amino acid residues. Using the clone L7-1, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for imidacloprid was developed. The half-maximum signal inhibition concentration (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the phage ELISA for imidacloprid were 96 and 2.3 ng ml(-1), respectively. This phage ELISA showed relatively low cross-reactivity with all of the tested compounds structurally similar to imidacloprid, less than 2% with the exception of 6-chloronicotinic acid, a metabolite of imidacloprid that showed 11.5%. The average recoveries of the phage ELISA for imidacloprid in water and soil samples were in the ranges of 74.6 to 86.3% and 72.5 to 93.6%, respectively. The results of the competitive phage ELISA for imidacloprid in the fortified samples agreed well with those of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The simple phage-displayed peptide technology has been proven to be a convenient and efficient method for the development of an alternative format of ELISA for small molecules.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute for Cereal Science Research, Guangzhou 510050, China.
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
authors.forename: Weilin L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Shelver
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
authors.forename: Qing X
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: xuting@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D019151:Peptide Library; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D019151:Peptide Library; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C082359:imidacloprid
keywords: Environmental monitoring; Food safety; Imidacloprid; Phage ELISA; Phage-displayed peptide