title: Fatal human eosinophilic meningo-encephalitis caused by CNS co-infection with Halicephalobus gingivalis and West Nile virus.
abstract: The saprophytic nematode Halicephalobus is a rare cause of fatal human meningo-encephalitis, and West Nile virus is neurotropic flavivirus implicated in a variety of clinical neurologic syndromes. Here we report a case of rapidly progressive CNS encephalopathy and death. Serologic, immuno-histochemical, histopathologic and nucleic acid studies demonstrate the presence of active Halicephalobus and West Nile virus in the CNS tissue. This is the first reported case of co-infection with these neurotropic pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Gokozan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States. Electronic address: bradmcgwire@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: McGwire
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020809:Central Nervous System Helminthiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D060085:Coinfection; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009348:Nematoda / Q000145:classification*; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
keywords: Eosinophilic encephalitis; Granuloma; Halicephalobus; West Nile virus