title: Empirically derived dietary patterns in relation to psychological disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychological disorders are highly prevalent worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns and prevalence of psychological disorders in a large sample of Iranian adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was done to identify dietary patterns derived from factor analysis. Dietary data were collected through the use of a validated dish-based semi-quantitative FFQ. Psychological health was examined by use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the General Health Questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, within the framework of the Study on Epidemiology of Psychological, Alimentary Health and Nutrition (SEPAHAN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Iranian adults (n 3846) aged 20-55 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for potential confounders, greater adherence to the lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern was protectively associated with depression in women (OR=0·65; 95 % CI 0·46, 0·91). Normal-weight participants in the top quintile of this dietary pattern tended to have decreased odds of anxiety compared with those in the bottom quintile (OR=0·61; 95 % CI 0·38, 1·00). In addition, the traditional dietary pattern was associated with increased odds of depression (OR=1·42; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·99) and anxiety (OR=1·56; 95 % CI 1·00, 2·42) in women. Normal-weight participants in the highest quintile of the traditional dietary pattern had greater odds for anxiety (OR=1·89; 95 % CI 1·12, 3·08) compared with those in the lowest quintile. The Western dietary pattern was associated with increased odds of depression in men (OR=1·73; 95 % CI 1·07, 2·81) and anxiety in normal-weight participants (OR=2·05; 95 % CI 1·22, 3·46). There was a significant increasing trend in the odds of psychological distress across increasing quintiles of the fast food dietary pattern in women (P-trend=0·02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recommendation to increase the intake of fruits, citrus fruits, vegetables, tomato and low-fat dairy products and to reduce the intakes of snacks, high-fat dairy products, chocolate, carbonated drinks, sweets and desserts might be associated with lower chance of psychological disorders.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Community Nutrition,School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Nutrition,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vafa
authors.affiliation: 3Food Security Research Center,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaillzadeh
authors.affiliation: 5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Awat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feizi
authors.affiliation: 6Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health and Knowledge Utilization Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Majdzadeh
authors.affiliation: 7Psychosomatic Research Center,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Afshar
authors.affiliation: 8Department of Medicine,University of Alberta,Edmonton,Alberta,Canada.
authors.forename: Ammar Hassanzadeh
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Keshteli
authors.affiliation: 9Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adibi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian; D066273:Diet, Western; D057140:Fast Foods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Diet; Dietary pattern; Factor analysis; Psychological disorders