title: Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy elevates the risks of fetal growth restriction: a population-based birth cohort study.
abstract: We investigated the association between maternal zinc level during pregnancy and the risks of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants in a large population-based birth cohort study. In this study, 3187 pregnant women were recruited. For serum zinc level, 2940 pregnant women were sufficient (≥56 μg/dL) and 247 deficient (<56 μg/dL). Of interest, 7.3% newborns were with LBW among subjects with low zinc level (RR: 3.48; 95% CI: 2.03, 5.96; P < 0.001). Adjusted RR for LBW was 3.41 (95% CI: 1.97, 5.91; P < 0.001) among subjects with low zinc level. Moreover, 15.0% newborns were with SGA among subjects with low zinc level (RR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.88; P < 0.001). Adjusted RR for SGA was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.82; P < 0.001) among subjects with low zinc level. A nested case-control study within above cohort showed that maternal serum zinc level was lower in SGA cases as compared with controls. By contrast, maternal serum C-reactive protein, TNF-α and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in SGA cases than that of controls. Moreover, nuclear NF-κB p65 was significantly up-regulated in placentas of SGA cases as compared with controls. Taken together, maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy elevates the risks of LBW and SGA infants.
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health &Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health &Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Hu
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health &Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health &Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Pu-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health &Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health &Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health &Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Fang-Biao
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health &Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: De-Xiang
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000502:physiology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D016209:Interleukin-8; C498143:RELA protein, human; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015032:Zinc