title: Hearing configuration in children with cCMV infection and proposal of a flow chart for hearing evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study had three main goals: (1) to determine the hearing configuration in hearing-impaired children born with a congenital CMV (cCMV) infection, (2) to see whether auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) was present, and (3) to propose a flow chart for the follow-up of hearing in children with cCMV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearing configuration and the presence of ANSD in cCMV infected children was analysed. Selection criteria were: hearing-impaired children with a regular audiometric follow-up for at least 36 months, no other major risk factors for hearing loss, a normal middle-ear status, and an appropriate behavioral response to the given pure-tone stimuli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of a cohort of 206 cCMV infected children, 18 hearing-impaired children were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Audiograms of all children showed a flat configuration of SNHL: the slope between octave bands was never greater than 10 decibels. None of the 18 children were found to have ANSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hearing impairment in cCMV infants affected all frequencies equally and ANSD does not appear to be a feature of cCMV infection. A flow chart for hearing follow-up in children with cCMV infection was suggested in order to provide guidance, improve uniformity in follow-up, and to make results easier to compare.
authors.affiliation: a * Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Foulon
authors.affiliation: a * Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Leen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vleurinck
authors.affiliation: b Audiology RC De Poolster , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kerkhofs
authors.affiliation: a * Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gordts
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000367:Age Factors; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D001307:Auditory Perception; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019091:Critical Pathways / Q000592:standards; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018730:Infant Behavior; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cytomegalovirus; congenital infection; follow-up; hearing configuration; otoacoustic emissions