title: Complications and mortality following surgery for oral cavity cancer: analysis of 408 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the postoperative complications and mortality for oral cavity cancers, their time course, and to identify modifiable risk factors associated with their occurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing surgery for oral cavity cancer were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Data File (2005-2010). Overall and disease-specific complication and mortality data were analyzed using chi-square and multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 408 cases identified. The overall 30-day complication and mortality rates were 20.3% and 1.0%, respectively. The most common adverse events were reoperation (9.6%), infectious (6.6%), and respiratory (5.1%) complications. Twenty patients (4.9%) experienced postdischarge complications. Fifty-two percent of postdischarge wound dehiscences and 67% of postdischarge surgical-site infections occurred by postdischarge day 7, and 91% of all postdischarge complications occurred by postdischarge day 14. Smoking was independently associated with respiratory (odds ratio [OR] 3.59, P = .008) and surgical site complications (OR 5.13, P =.004). Neck dissection was independently associated with respiratory (OR 6.17, P = .001), surgical site (OR 6.30, P = .003), and infectious (OR 3.83, P = .003) complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current smokers and those undergoing neck dissection are at high risk of postoperative complications after oral cavity cancer surgery. Less than 5% of patients experienced postdischarge complications, nearly all of which occurred by postdischarge day 14. Most early postdischarge complications occurred at the surgical site. In order to mitigate postdischarge complications and their sequelae, early clinical follow-up should be sought for high-risk patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Zachary G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Schwam
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine.|Duke Cancer Institute.|Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sosa
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Sanziana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Judson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Head and neck cancer; NSQIP; oral cavity cancer