title: [Pneumorachis and pneumopericardium after ecstasy use: an uncommon complication].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the past few years there has been an increase in the use of ecstasy among the Dutch population. A number of complications are associated with this drug, hyperthermia being the most well-known. A less commonly-occurring complication is pneumomediastinum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20-year-old man presented at the emergency department with extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and pneumorachis (air within the spinal canal), which had developed after visiting a festival. After excluding the most likely causes, it was concluded that it was due to a combination of ecstasy use and intensive activity (dancing). He was managed conservatively and after two days of observation in the ICU the patient fully recovered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case illustrates a rare complication that seems - indirectly - related to using ecstasy. In most cases conservative treatment is adequate but the presence of pneumopericardium means that given the risk of cardiovascular complications, cardiopulmonary monitoring is essential to trace them.
authors.affiliation: Bernhoven, afd. Intensive Care, Uden.
authors.forename: Iris E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Kubbenga
authors.forename: Nynke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Postma
authors.forename: Bart P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ramakers
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000209:etiology*; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011026:Pneumopericardium / Q000209:etiology*; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000209:etiology; D057832:Watchful Waiting; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine