title: Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder predict creativity.
abstract: We tested whether polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder would predict creativity. Higher scores were associated with artistic society membership or creative profession in both Icelandic (P = 5.2 × 10(-6) and 3.8 × 10(-6) for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder scores, respectively) and replication cohorts (P = 0.0021 and 0.00086). This could not be accounted for by increased relatedness between creative individuals and those with psychoses, indicating that creativity and psychosis share genetic roots.
authors.affiliation: 1] deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland. [2] MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Power
authors.affiliation: deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Gyda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bjornsdottir
authors.affiliation: Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelius A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rietveld
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Abdel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdellaoui
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nivard
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johannesson
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tessel E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Galesloot
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jouke J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hottenga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gonneke
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Social Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cesarini
authors.affiliation: Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Patrik K E
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ullén
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.identifier: 0000000243951397
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiemeier
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank J A
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Rooij
authors.affiliation: deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: G Bragi
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland. [2] Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Engilbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.affiliation: deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Thorgeir E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Thorgeirsson
authors.affiliation: deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ingason
authors.affiliation: 1] deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland. [2] Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Agnar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helgason
authors.affiliation: deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Augustine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lambertus A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kiemeney
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koellinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dorret I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Boomsma
authors.affiliation: deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gudbjartsson
authors.affiliation: deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Hreinn
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stefansson
authors.affiliation: 1] deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland. [2] Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stefansson
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003405:Creativity; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance / Q000235:genetics*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology