title: Effect of dietary Fatty acids on human lipoprotein metabolism: a comprehensive update.
abstract: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary fatty-acid composition regulates lipids and lipoprotein metabolism and may confer CVD benefit. This review updates understanding of the effect of dietary fatty-acids on human lipoprotein metabolism. In elderly participants with hyperlipidemia, high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acids (PUFA) consumption diminished hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) secretion and enhanced TRL to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) conversion. n-3 PUFA also decreased TRL-apoB-48 concentration by decreasing TRL-apoB-48 secretion. High n-6 PUFA intake decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations by up-regulating VLDL lipolysis and uptake. In a study of healthy subjects, the intake of saturated fatty-acids with increased palmitic acid at the sn-2 position was associated with decreased postprandial lipemia. Low medium-chain triglyceride may not appreciably alter TRL metabolism. Replacing carbohydrate with monounsaturated fatty-acids increased TRL catabolism. Trans-fatty-acid decreased LDL and enhanced high-density lipoprotein catabolism. Interactions between APOE genotype and n-3 PUFA in regulating lipid responses were also described. The major advances in understanding the effect of dietary fatty-acids on lipoprotein metabolism has centered on n-3 PUFA. This knowledge emphasizes the importance of regulating lipoprotein metabolism as a mode to improve plasma lipids and potentially CVD risk. Additional studies are required to better characterize the cardiometabolic effects of other dietary fatty-acids.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, Western Australia, Australia. esther.ooi@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Esther M M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, Western Australia, Australia. gerald.watts@uwa.edu.au.|Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiometabolic Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, 6000, Western Australia, Australia. gerald.watts@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, Western Australia, Australia. theodorewai.ng@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Theodore W K
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, Western Australia, Australia. Hugh.Barrett@uwa.edu.au.|Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, Western Australia, Australia. Hugh.Barrett@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: P Hugh R
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: cardiovascular disease; dietary fatty acids; dyslipidemia; lipoprotein metabolism