title: Association of Plasma Adiponectin and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Diabetic Nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the association between levels of adiponectin and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in patients with diabetic nephropathy as well as their effect on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adiponectin and ox-LDL were determined in 25 diabetic patients without nephropathy and 94 patients at different stages of diabetic nephropathy including subjects on hemodialysis. cIMT was measured using real-time B-mode ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma adiponectin levels increased significantly with severity of diabetic nephropathy (P = 0.002), on the contrary to ox-LDL which decreased with disease severity (P < 0.001). cIMT was significantly higher at late stages of diabetic nephropathy compared with early stages (P = 0.022). Adiponectin was a significant negative predictor of ox-LDL levels (β = -5.45, P = 0.023), independently of confounding factors. There was no significant correlation between cIMT and adiponectin or ox-LDL either in the total sample population or according to disease staging. Cluster analysis showed that patients with the highest cIMT values, highest levels of adiponectin, and lowest levels of ox-LDL were included in one cluster and all assigned to stage 5 of diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant association between adiponectin or ox-LDL and cIMT and, therefore, other factors affecting this surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease in diabetic nephropathy should be sought.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7995-0177
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavridou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Georgoulidou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roumeliotis
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roumeliotis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Efstathia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giannakopoulou
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papanas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Ploumis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Passadakis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Vangelis G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Manolopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vargemezis
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein