title: Cerebral Vascular Injury in Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: Traumatic cerebral vascular injury (TCVI) is a very frequent, if not universal, feature after traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is likely responsible, at least in part, for functional deficits and TBI-related chronic disability. Because there are multiple pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies that promote vascular health, TCVI is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention after TBI. The cerebral microvasculature is a component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) coupling neuronal metabolism with local cerebral blood flow. The NVU participates in the pathogenesis of TBI, either directly from physical trauma or as part of the cascade of secondary injury that occurs after TBI. Pathologically, there is extensive cerebral microvascular injury in humans and experimental animal, identified with either conventional light microscopy or ultrastructural examination. It is seen in acute and chronic TBI, and even described in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Non-invasive, physiologic measures of cerebral microvascular function show dysfunction after TBI in humans and experimental animal models of TBI. These include imaging sequences (MRI-ASL), Transcranial Doppler (TCD), and Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS). Understanding the pathophysiology of TCVI, a relatively under-studied component of TBI, has promise for the development of novel therapies for TBI.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Kimbra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amyot
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Margalit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pronger
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bogoslovsky
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. Electronic address: ramon.diaz-arrastia@usuhs.edu.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diaz-Arrastia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D057772:Vascular System Injuries / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Cerebral blood flow (CBF); Cerebral microvasculature; Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVRx); Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE); Controlled cortical impact (CCI); Fluid percussion injury (FPI); Functional Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS); Hypercapnia; MRI-arterial spin labeling (MRI-ASL); Microvascular injury; Mild TBI (mTBI); Neurovascular unit (NVU); Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI); Transcranial Doppler (TCD); Traumatic brain injury (TBI); Traumatic cerebral vascular injury (TCVI)