title: Perchlorate adsorption onto orange peel modified by cross-linking amine groups from aqueous solutions.
abstract: Orange peel was made into a highly efficient bio-sorbent by modification with cross-linking amine groups for perchlorate removal. Bench-scale experiments were performed to explore the factors affecting the perchlorate adsorption onto the modified orange peel (MOP). Perchlorate could be removed effectively at a wide range of pH (from 1.5 to 11). The maximum adsorption capacity of MOP for perchlorate was calculated as 154.1 mg/g within 15 min. The Redlich-Peterson model was fitted to the adsorption isotherm very well (R2>0.99). The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, which was proved by thermodynamic parameters (Gibbs energy and enthalpy). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model could provide satisfactory fitting of the experimental data (R2>0.99). The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that the surface of MOP became smooth and the contents of N and Cl in MOP were increased during the modification process. Elemental analysis results showed that the nitrogen content in MOP was increased to 5.5%, while it was 1.06% in orange peel. The adsorption mechanism was also explored using zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Ion exchange was the primary mechanism responsible for uptake of perchlorate onto MOP.
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China and The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration, Industry Clusters of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China E-mail: zqyang@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lixiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China and The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration, Industry Clusters of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China E-mail: zqyang@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China and The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration, Industry Clusters of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China E-mail: zqyang@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China and The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration, Industry Clusters of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China E-mail: zqyang@scut.edu.cn; Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Shanxi Road 1, Guiyang 550001, China and State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
authors.forename: Shaoqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D010472:Perchlorates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C494474:perchlorate