title: Somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms among patients with heart disease: differences by sex and age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  this study investigated the association of somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms with sex and age, among patients hospitalized with heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  this study was a secondary analysis of two previous observational studies totaling 531 patients with heart disease, hospitalized from 2005 to 2011 in two public hospitals in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms were assessed using the subscales of the Beck Depression Inventory - I (BDI-I).
  
  
  RESULTS
  of 531 participants, 62.7% were male, with a mean age 57.3 years (SD= 13.0) for males and 56.2 years (SD= 12.1) for females. Analyses of variance showed an effect of sex (p<0.001 for somatic and p=0.005 for cognitive-affective symptoms), but no effect of age. Women presented with higher mean values than men in both BDI-I subscales: 7.1 (4.5) vs. 5.4 (4.3) for somatic, and 8.3 (7.9) vs. 6.7 (7.2) for cognitive-affective symptoms. There were no differences by age for somatic (p=0.84) or cognitive-affective symptoms (p=0.84).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  women hospitalized with heart disease had more somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms than men. We found no association of somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms with age. Future research for these patients could reveal whether these differences according to sex continue throughout the rehabilitation process.
authors.affiliation: Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carina Aparecida Marosti
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dessotte
authors.affiliation: Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Souza
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rejane Kiyomi
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
authors.forename: Marcia Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ciol
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
authors.forename: Jeanne Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosana Aparecida Spadoti
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dantas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult