title: Hydrogen Production by the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana.
abstract: As the only fuel that is not chemically bound to carbon, hydrogen has gained interest as an energy carrier to face the current environmental issues of greenhouse gas emissions and to substitute the depleting non-renewable reserves. In the last years, there has been a significant increase in the number of publications about the bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana that is responsible for production yields of H2 that are among the highest achievements reported in the literature. Here we present an extensive overview of the most recent studies on this hyperthermophilic bacterium together with a critical discussion of the potential of fermentative production by this bacterium. The review article is organized into sections focused on biochemical, microbiological and technical issues, including the effect of substrate, reactor type, gas sparging, temperature, pH, hydraulic retention time and organic loading parameters on rate and yield of gas production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy. nirakar.pradhan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nirakar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy. ldipasquale@icb.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dipasquale
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy. gdippolito@icb.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: d'Ippolito
authors.affiliation: Telematic University Pegaso, piazza Trieste e Trento, 48, 80132 Naples, Italy. anpanico@unina.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.affiliation: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611-AX Delft, The Netherlands. piet.lens@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Piet N L
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lens
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy. giovanni.esposito@unicas.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy. afontana@icb.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontana
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013696:Temperature; D046949:Thermotoga neapolitana / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D006859:Hydrogen; D005947:Glucose
keywords: biomass; carbon dioxide; energy carrier; fermentation; green-house gas; hydrogen; lactic acid; process kinetics; renewable energy; thermophilic bacteria