title: Structural features and immunostimulating effects of three acidic polysaccharides isolated from Panax quinquefolius.
abstract: Three acidic polysaccharides (PPQA2, PPQA4 and PPQA5) were successfully purified from the water-extracted crude polysaccharides of Panax quinquefolius by combination of DEAE Sepharose and Sephacryl S-300 chromatography. The average molecular weights (Mws) of PPQA2, PPQA4 and PPQA5 were 2.3×10(4) Da, 1.2×10(5) Da, and 5.3×10(3) Da, respectively. Monosaccharides components analysis indicated that PPQA2 and PPQA5 were composed of arabinose, rhammose, mannose, galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid in a molar percent of 8.0:4.0:2.9:7.2:12.5:26.6:38.8 and 8.5:3.2:5.3:10.8:32.4:15.5:24.4. PPQA4 was composed of arabinose, rhammose, mannose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid in a molar percent of 19.7:5.1:8.1:23.9:41.3:2.0. The (13)C NMR spectra indicated the existence of O-acetyl groups in PPQA2 and PPQA5, while absence in PPQA4. The in vitro study showed that PPQA2, PPQA4 and PPQA5 were all able to stimulate the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α, and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the three acidic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immunopotentiating effects on macrophages and should be used as a beneficial health food.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiushi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: renguixing@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Guixing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009573:Nitrites; D028321:Plant Preparations; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: (13)C NMR; Acidic polysaccharides; American ginseng; Immuno-modulatory activities; Macrophages