title: Evaluation of different irrigating solutions on smear layer removal of primary root dentin.
abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Salvadora persica (S. persica) and BioPure MTAD (a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent) in removing the intracanal smear layer of primary teeth.
  
  
  
  The root canal of 40 extracted human primary anterior teeth were cleaned, shaped and grouped into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 10). The root canals of the positive (n = 5) and the negative control (n = 5) were irrigated for 3 minutes with 5 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or saline respectively. The canals in the experimental groups were irrigated for 3 minutes with 5 ml of 1 mg/ml ethanolic extract of S. persica (n = 15) or BioPure MTAD (n = 15) and then flushed with 2 ml of saline. The presence or absence of smear layer at the coronal and middle portion of each canal were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  
  
  
  A significant difference (p = 0.004) in smear layer removal between S. persica and MTAD at the middle third of the canal was observed. MTAD solution was as effective as 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer.
  
  
  
  MTAD was significantly more effective in smear layer removal than S. persica solution at the middle third of the canal wall.
  
  
  
  Both tested irrigant solutions have the ability to remove the intracanal smear from primary root dentin following cleaning and shaping of the root canal and could be an alternative to EDTA.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Endodontics, Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966-14677420, e-mail: h_balto@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Balto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fouad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sultan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Mofareh
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Yahya
mesh_terms: D019343:Citric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D032121:Salvadoraceae; D016369:Smear Layer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: C475043:MTAD (intracanal irrigant); D010936:Plant Extracts; D011136:Polysorbates; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D019343:Citric Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D004318:Doxycycline
keywords: Laboratory research; S. persica; Primary teeth; Smear layer