title: Solid phase microextraction as a methodology in the detection of irradiation markers in ground beef.
abstract: The usefulness of solid phase microextraction (SPME) to detect the occurrence of the irradiation markers 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) and 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzene in irradiated ground beef was evaluated. To that aim, beef samples were irradiated with different irradiation doses and subsequently examined together with non-irradiated beef samples used as control samples. The SPME conditions applied were selected as a result of performing an optimization process including different fibers (PDMS, DVB/CAR/PDMS, polyacrylate and PDMS/DVB), as well as extraction times (10, 25 and 40min) and temperatures (40 and 60°C). For comparison, 2-DCB and 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzene were additionally identified in some of the samples by steam distillation-solvent extraction (SDE). Although this study is a preliminary work, from the results obtained SPME seemed to be a rapid and valuable technique to determine 2-DCB and 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzene in ground beef subjected to irradiation, offering advantages over other methods reported in the literature. In addition, SPME allowed to confirm the validity of 2-DCB as an useful marker to distinguish non-irradiated from irradiated ground beef. On the contrary, the occurrence of 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzene was however established in both types of samples by SPME and SDE.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Caja
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: ifir312@ifi.csic.es.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ruiz Del Castillo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Blanch
keywords: 1,3-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzene; 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone; Ground beef; Irradiation; SPME