title: MicroRNAs: short non-coding players in cancer chemoresistance.
abstract: Chemoresistance is one of the main problems in the therapy of cancer. There are a number of different molecular mechanisms through which a cancer cell acquires resistance to a specific treatment, such as alterations in drug uptake, drug metabolism and drug targets. There are several lines of evidence showing that miRNAs are involved in drug sensitivity of cancer cells in different tumor types and by different treatments. In this review, we provide an overview of the more recent and significant findings on the role of miRNAs in cancer cell drug resistance. In particular, we focus on specific miRNA mechanisms of action that in various steps lead from drug cell sensitivity to drug cell resistance. We also provide evidence on how miRNA profiling may unveil relevant predictive biomarkers for therapy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donzelli
authors.affiliation: Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biagioni
authors.affiliation: Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bellissimo
authors.affiliation: Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pulito
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center-McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muti
authors.affiliation: Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy ; Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center-McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strano
authors.affiliation: Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy ; College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Unisa, Florida campus, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blandino
keywords: Chemoresistance; MicroRNA; Multiple drug resistance