title: Whole genome sequence analysis of circulating Bluetongue virus serotype 11 strains from the United States including two domestic canine isolates.
abstract: Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a vector-transmitted pathogen that typically infects and causes disease in domestic and wild ruminants. BTV is also known to infect domestic canines as discovered when dogs were vaccinated with a BTV-contaminated vaccine. Canine BTV infections have been documented through serological surveys, and natural infection by the Culicoides vector has been suggested. The report of isolation of BTV serotype 11 (BTV-11) from 2 separate domestic canine abortion cases in the states of Texas in 2011 and Kansas in 2012, were apparently unrelated to BTV-contaminated vaccination or consumption of BTV-contaminated raw meat as had been previously speculated. To elucidate the origin and relationship of these 2 domestic canine BTV-11 isolates, whole genome sequencing was performed. Six additional BTV-11 field isolates from Texas, Florida, and Washington, submitted for diagnostic investigation during 2011 and 2013, were also fully sequenced and analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that the BTV-11 domestic canine isolates are virtually identical, and both share high identity with 2 BTV-11 isolates identified from white-tailed deer in Texas in 2011. The results of the current study further support the hypothesis that a BTV-11 strain circulating in the Midwestern states could have been transmitted to the dogs by the infected Culicoides vector. Our study also expands the short list of available BTV-11 sequences, which may aid BTV surveillance and epidemiology.
authors.affiliation: Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund) natasha.gaudreault@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Natasha N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Gaudreault
authors.affiliation: Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund).
authors.forename: Dane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jasperson
authors.affiliation: Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund).
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dubovi
authors.affiliation: Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund).
authors.forename: Donna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund).
authors.forename: Eileen N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Ostlund
authors.affiliation: Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund).
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D001820:Bluetongue virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002161:Camelids, New World; D003670:Deer; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004285:Dogs; D010802:Phylogeny; D065288:Serogroup; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Bluetongue virus; dogs; domestic canine; genome sequence; phylogeny; serotype 11