title: Impact of an organic formulation (panchakavya) on the bioleaching of copper and lead in contaminated mine soil.
abstract: The study was aimed to evaluate the potential of organic formulation, panchakavya, for enhancing the biological leaching of Pb and Cu in contaminated mine soil. Response surface methodology based Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the variables such as incubation time, panchakavya concentration, and agitation rate. The maximum bioleaching (Pb=64% and Cu=49%) was observed after 54 h of incubation with 10 mL panchakavya at 120 rpm. Statistics-based contour and three-dimensional plots were generated to understand the relationship between Pb and Cu bioleaching and variables. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed the presence of lactic (25.88 mg g(-1)), citric (0.14 mg g(-1)), succinic (0.14 mg g(-1)), malic (0.66 mg g(-1)), and acetic (0.44 mg g(-1)) acids in panchakavya, which may have a vital role in the removal of metals from the contaminated soil. Soil fraction studies indicate a significant increase of Pb (45%) in the exchangeable fraction of panchakavya-treated soil. XRD studies confirmed the role of panchakavya induced calcite and other minerals in the precipitation of metal ions. A significant increase in the enzyme activities of phosphatase, dehydrogenase, urease, amylase, invertase, and cellulase were observed in the panchakavya-treated soil.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570 752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Loganathan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Praburaman
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570 752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570 752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Muthusamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Govarthanan
authors.affiliation: PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti 637 501, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Thangaswamy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Selvankumar
authors.affiliation: Mine Reclamation Corp., Seoul 110-727, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sae-Gang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570 752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jum-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570 752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570 752, South Korea. Electronic address: kannan@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamala-Kannan
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570 752, South Korea. Electronic address: btoh@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byung-Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008906:Mining; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014866:Waste Products; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Copper; Lead; Organic acids; Panchakavya; Sequential extraction; Soil enzymes