title: The impact of deposition site on vaccination efficiency of a live bacterial poultry vaccine.
abstract: Vaccines are utilized within the poultry industry to minimize disease-associated losses and spray vaccination is a commonly utilized means for the mass application of poultry vaccines. During this process, vaccine-laden particles are deposited upon target areas (e.g., eyes, nares, and oral cavity) resulting in the direct internalization of the vaccine. However, particles are also deposited on nontarget areas such as the exterior of the subject and its surrounding environment. To better determine the fate of particles deposited upon nontarget areas and the impact of deposition site on the efficiency of vaccine application, a live bacterial poultry vaccine (AviPro(®) MG F) was applied via spray using a spray cabinet with a slotted partition allowing for head-only, body-only, and whole-bird spray application. At 11 wk age, Hy-Line(®) W-36 pullets (n = 280) were allocated equally among 7 treatments including: nonvaccinated controls, pullets spray-vaccinated at the manufacturer's recommended dose (1X) in a site-specific manner (head-only, body-only, and whole-bird), pullets spray-vaccinated at 5X the recommended level (body-only), pullets vaccinated by manual eye-drop application (1X), and pullets eye-drop vaccinated at a level approximating that achieved during the spray vaccination process (1/700X). At 6 to 7 wk postvaccination, vaccination efficiency was assessed via serological-based assays [serum plate agglutination (SPA) and ELISA] and the detection of vaccine-derived in vivo populations. Results indicate an additive contribution of the vaccine deposited on the body to the overall vaccination efficiency of this live bacterial live poultry vaccine.
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 jeff.evans@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Leigh
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Purswell
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Mid South Area Office, Stoneville, MS 38776.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Boykin
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Branton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D045686:Mycoplasma gallisepticum; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines
keywords: AviPro MG F; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; live vaccine; poultry vaccine; spray vaccination; vaccine deposition