title: Conditions that induce biofilm production by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale.
abstract: Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes respiratory disease in birds, and directly affects the poultry industry. The mechanisms behind these infections are not completely known. Currently, its capacity to form biofilms on inert surfaces has been reported; however, the conditions for biofilm development have not been described yet. The present work was aimed at identifying the conditions that enhance in vitro biofilm formation and development by ORT. For this, serovars A-E were analysed to assess their ability to induce biofilm development on 96-well flat-bottom polystyrene microtitre plates under diverse conditions: temperature, incubation time, and CO2 concentration. The results obtained showed not only that all serovars have the ability to produce in vitro biofilms, but also that the optimal conditions for biofilm density were 40°C after 72 h at an elevated CO2 concentration. In conclusion, ORT biofilm formation depends on the environmental conditions and may contribute to the persistence of this microorganism.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Microbiología Veterinaria , Mexico City , Mexico.|b Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De la Rosa-Ramos
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Microbiología Veterinaria , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Maricruz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cruz
authors.affiliation: c Central de Microscopia. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Edgar O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: López-Villegas
authors.affiliation: b Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castro-Escarpulli
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Microbiología Veterinaria , Mexico City , Mexico.|d Laboratorio de Bioinmunología Molecular del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPerIER) , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Fernando M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Guerra-Infante
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D001717:Birds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004777:Environment; D045826:Flavobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D045246:Ornithobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D011200:Poultry; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide