title: Neural crest-derived SEMA3C activates endothelial NRP1 for cardiac outflow tract septation.
abstract: In mammals, the outflow tract (OFT) of the developing heart septates into the base of the pulmonary artery and aorta to guide deoxygenated right ventricular blood into the lungs and oxygenated left ventricular blood into the systemic circulation. Accordingly, defective OFT septation is a life-threatening condition that can occur in both syndromic and nonsyndromic congenital heart disease. Even though studies of genetic mouse models have previously revealed a requirement for VEGF-A, the class 3 semaphorin SEMA3C, and their shared receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1) in OFT development, the precise mechanism by which these proteins orchestrate OFT septation is not yet understood. Here, we have analyzed a complementary set of ligand-specific and tissue-specific mouse mutants to show that neural crest-derived SEMA3C activates NRP1 in the OFT endothelium. Explant assays combined with gene-expression studies and lineage tracing further demonstrated that this signaling pathway promotes an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition that supplies cells to the endocardial cushions and repositions cardiac neural crest cells (NCCs) within the OFT, 2 processes that are essential for septal bridge formation. These findings elucidate a mechanism by which NCCs cooperate with endothelial cells in the developing OFT to enable the postnatal separation of the pulmonary and systemic circulation.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plein
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calmont
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fantin
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Denti
authors.forename: Naomi A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Scambler
authors.forename: Christiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruhrberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D039942:Neuropilin-1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D039961:Semaphorins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D039961:Semaphorins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C510203:semaphorin 3C protein, mouse; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; D039942:Neuropilin-1