title: A Novel Structured Format for Engaging Pharmacy Students in Bioethics Discussions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe an active, structured ethics/professionalism discussion format developed for an elective course titled Ethics and Professionalism in Pharmacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The format uses the acronym ETHICS (Evaluate, Teach, Hear, Interview, Concede, Self-reflect). Before class, students evaluated (Evaluate) literature pertaining to ethics/professionalism topics. Class consisted of faculty-led ethics/professionalism lecture (Teach), student-driven, case discussion, and online self-reflection. Guided by Hear, Interview, and Concede, groups addressed cases from stakeholder perspectives (patient, pharmacist, etc.) considering ethical rules and principles. At the end of class, students answered self-reflection questions. Precourse and postcourse surveys evaluated the impact on students' perceptions of ethical and professional tenets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The format allowed students to actively engage in ethics/professionalism discussions, transforming class into an interactive, structured, student-centered session with self-reflection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The format allowed application of concepts to controversial situations. Although the format was created for a pharmacy elective, it is adaptable to any teaching situation.
authors.affiliation: MCPHS University, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Evan R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.affiliation: MCPHS University, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.affiliation: MCPHS University, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Helen C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pervanas
authors.affiliation: MCPHS University, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: S Mimi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: MCPHS University, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belliveau
mesh_terms: D001675:Bioethics / Q000193:education*; D003142:Communication; D003479:Curriculum; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004522:Educational Status; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D010465:Perception; D000068616:Professionalism; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*
keywords: elective; ethics; pharmacy practice; professionalism