title: TRIF promotes angiotensin II-induced cross-talk between fibroblasts and macrophages in atrial fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atrial fibroblasts and macrophages have long been thought to participate in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, which specific mediator may regulate the interaction between them remains unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We provided the evidence for the involvement of Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF), an important inflammation-related molecule, in the pathophysiology of AF. Patients with AF showed higher levels of angiotensin II (AngII) and TRIF expression and larger number of macrophages infiltration in left atria appendage than individuals with sinus rhythm (SR). In the cell study, AngII induced chemokines expressions in mouse atrial fibroblasts and AngII-stimulated atrial fibroblasts induced the chemotaxis of macrophages, which were reduced by losartan and TRIF siRNA. Meanwhile, AngII-stimulated atrial fibroblasts proliferation was enhanced by macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrated that TRIF may be a crucial factor promoting the interaction between atrial fibroblasts and macrophages, leading to atrial fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Dao-Liang
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming-Jian
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: zhaol_zg@163.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: wqxejd@126.com.
authors.forename: Quan-Xing
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: liuxu_xk@163.com.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002450:Cell Communication; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002633:Chemotaxis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C470409:TICAM1 protein, human; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019808:Losartan
keywords: Atrial fibroblasts; Atrial fibrosis; Macrophages; TRIF