title: Democratization of Nanoscale Imaging and Sensing Tools Using Photonics.
abstract: Providing means for researchers and citizen scientists in the developing world to perform advanced measurements with nanoscale precision can help to accelerate the rate of discovery and invention as well as improve higher education and the training of the next generation of scientists and engineers worldwide. Here, we review some of the recent progress toward making optical nanoscale measurement tools more cost-effective, field-portable, and accessible to a significantly larger group of researchers and educators. We divide our review into two main sections: label-based nanoscale imaging and sensing tools, which primarily involve fluorescent approaches, and label-free nanoscale measurement tools, which include light scattering sensors, interferometric methods, photonic crystal sensors, and plasmonic sensors. For each of these areas, we have primarily focused on approaches that have either demonstrated operation outside of a traditional laboratory setting, including for example integration with mobile phones, or exhibited the potential for such operation in the near future.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.|‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Euan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.affiliation: †Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.|‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Qingshan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: †Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.|‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.|§California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Aydogan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozcan
mesh_terms: D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D036103:Nanotechnology; D055095:Optics and Photonics