title: Local hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy and-/or chemotherapy: recent advances and promises for the future.
abstract: Hyperthermia, one of the oldest forms of cancer treatment involves selective heating of tumor tissues to temperatures ranging between 39 and 45°C. Recent developments based on the thermoradiobiological rationale of hyperthermia indicate it to be a potent radio- and chemosensitizer. This has been further corroborated through positive clinical outcomes in various tumor sites using thermoradiotherapy or thermoradiochemotherapy approaches. Moreover, being devoid of any additional significant toxicity, hyperthermia has been safely used with low or moderate doses of reirradiation for retreatment of previously treated and recurrent tumors, resulting in significant tumor regression. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies also indicate a unique immunomodulating prospect of hyperthermia, especially when combined with radiotherapy. In addition, the technological advances over the last decade both in hardware and software have led to potent and even safer loco-regional hyperthermia treatment delivery, thermal treatment planning, thermal dose monitoring through noninvasive thermometry and online adaptive temperature modulation. The review summarizes the outcomes from various clinical studies (both randomized and nonrandomized) where hyperthermia is used as a thermal sensitizer of radiotherapy and-/or chemotherapy in various solid tumors and presents an overview of the progresses in loco-regional hyperthermia. These recent developments, supported by positive clinical outcomes should merit hyperthermia to be incorporated in the therapeutic armamentarium as a safe and an effective addendum to the existing oncological treatment modalities.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland. Electronic address: niloyranjan.datta@ksa.ch.
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: Centre of Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland. Electronic address: Silvia.GomezOrdonez@ksa.ch.
authors.forename: S Gómez
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ordóñez
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Electronic address: udo.gaipl@uk-erlangen.de.
authors.forename: U S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Gaipl
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyperthermia Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.paulides@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Paulides
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.crezee@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Crezee
authors.affiliation: Praxis/Zentrum für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Janusz-Korczak-Str. 12, 12627 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: johanna.gellermann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gellermann
authors.affiliation: Centre of Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland. Electronic address: Dietmar.Marder@ksa.ch.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marder
authors.affiliation: Centre of Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland. Electronic address: Emsad.Puric@ksa.ch.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puric
authors.affiliation: Centre of Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: Stephan.Bodis@ksa.ch.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bodis
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Chemotherapy; Clinical trials; Hyperthermia; Radiotherapy; Thermal dose; Treatment planning