title: S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine and it (R/S)-S-oxides in beagle dog plasma and hepatic cytosol.
abstract: 1. Incubation of beagle hepatic cytosol, under conditions promoting phenylalanine hydroxylase activity, led to the formation of the sulfoxide derivatives of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, S-methyl-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine. Thiodiglycolic acid was not a substrate. Enzyme kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax) were derived indicating S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine had the greatest clearance; no enantioselective preference was observed for this S-oxygenation reaction. 2. Following oral administration of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine to beagle dogs, the parent substance and its sulfoxide were the only compounds identified in the plasma. Pharmacokinetic data have been obtained indicating that the small amount of sulfoxide formed persisted within the body for longer than the parent material, but that the majority of the ingested dose remained in the administered sulfide form. 3. The sulfide moiety within the muco-regulatory drug, S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, is thought to be vital as it acts as a free radical scavenger, resulting in the inactive sulfoxide. Additional extensive enyzme-mediated sulfoxidation would decrease the amount of active sulfide available. In the dog this appears to not be an issue, signalling possible exploitation for therapeutic benefit in treating airway disease.
authors.affiliation: a PharOS Pharmaceuticals , Metamorfossi Attikis , Greece .
authors.forename: Panayotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panagopoulos
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Computational and Systems Medicine , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , UK , and.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biochemistry and Physiology , University of Surrey, School of Biosciences and Medicine , Guildford , Surrey , UK.
authors.forename: Glyn B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Steventon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002233:Carbocysteine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005100:Expectorants / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013440:Sulfides / Q000378:metabolism; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005100:Expectorants; D010087:Oxides; D013440:Sulfides; D013454:Sulfoxides; D010649:Phenylalanine; D002233:Carbocysteine
keywords: Beagle dog; S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine; S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine (R/S)-sulfoxides; metabolite pharmacokinetics; sulfoxides