title: S100B protein as a screening tool for computed tomography findings after mild traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether S100B protein in serum can predict intracranial lesions on computed tomography (CT) scan after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis Methods and procedures: A literature search was conducted using Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, CINAHL, SUMSearch, Bandolier, Trip databases, bibliographies from identified articles and review article references. Eligible articles were defined as observational studies including patients with MTBI who underwent post-traumatic head CT scan and assessing the screening role of S100B protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant positive association between S100B protein concentration and positive CT scan (22 studies, SMD = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.29-2.45, I2= 100%; p < 0.001). The pooled sensitivity and specificity values for a cut-point range = 0.16-0.20 µg L-1were 98.65 (95% CI = 95.53-101.77; I2= 0.0%) and 50.69 (95% CI = 40.69-60.69; I2= 76.3%), respectively. The threshold for serum S100B protein with 99.63 (95% CI = 96.00-103.25; I2= 0.0%) sensitivity and 46.94 (95% CI = 39.01-54.87; I2= 95.5%) specificity was > 0.20 µg L-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After MTBI, serum S100B protein levels are significantly associated with the presence of intracranial lesions on CT scan. Measuring the protein could be useful in screening high risk MTBI patients and decreasing unnecessary CT examinations.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Emergency Medicine , Loghmane-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: a Department of Emergency Medicine , Loghmane-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vafaee
authors.affiliation: b School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Mazandaran , Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza Maleki
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rastekenari
authors.affiliation: a Department of Emergency Medicine , Loghmane-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taghizadeh
authors.affiliation: c School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Ensieh Ghaffari
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Shad
authors.affiliation: d Department of Emergency Medicine , Princess Alexandra Hospital , Queensland , Australia.|e School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia , and.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eley
authors.affiliation: d Department of Emergency Medicine , Princess Alexandra Hospital , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinnott
authors.affiliation: f School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asadollahi
keywords: Brain injuries; S100 protein; computed tomography; diagnosis; meta-analysis; screening