title: Development of a 3D optical scanner for evaluating patient-specific dose distributions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes the hardware and software characteristics of a 3D optical scanner (P3DS) developed in-house. The P3DS consists of an LED light source, diffuse screen, step motor, CCD camera, and scanner management software with 3D reconstructed software.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed optical simulation, 2D and 3D reconstruction image testing, and pre-clinical testing for the P3DS. We developed the optical scanner with three key characteristics in mind. First, we developed a continuous scanning method to expand possible clinical applications. Second, we manufactured a collimator to improve image quality by reducing scattering from the light source. Third, we developed an optical scanner with changeable camera positioning to enable acquisition of optimal images according to the size of the gel dosimeter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We confirmed ray-tracing in P3DS with optic simulation and found that 2D projection and 3D reconstructed images were qualitatively similar to the phantom images. For pre-clinical tests, the dose distribution and profile showed good agreement among RTP, optical CT, and external beam radiotherapy film data for the axial and coronal views. The P3DS has shown that it can scan and reconstruct for evaluation of the gel dosimeter within 1 min. We confirmed that the P3DS system is a useful tool for the measurement of 3D dose distributions for 3D radiation therapy QA. Further experiments are needed to investigate quantitative analysis for 3D dose distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sukmp@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Suk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: WILLMED Medical System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: WILLMED Medical System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Wook
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yuan Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jang Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-medical Science, College of Science & Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Hyeon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Kwon
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Je
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sam Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Kee
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Chul
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Do
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sangwook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: 3D QA; 3D dose analysis; 3D optical scanner (P3DS); Optical scanner; Radiation therapy