title: Serum sclerostin and DKK1 in relation to exercise against bone loss in experimental bed rest.
abstract: The impact of effective exercise against bone loss during experimental bed rest appears to be associated with increases in bone formation rather than reductions of bone resorption. Sclerostin and dickkopf-1 are important inhibitors of osteoblast activity. We hypothesized that exercise in bed rest would prevent increases in sclerostin and dickkopf-1. Twenty-four male subjects performed resistive vibration exercise (RVE; n = 7), resistive exercise only (RE; n = 8), or no exercise (control n = 9) during 60 days of bed rest (2nd Berlin BedRest Study). We measured serum levels of BAP, CTX-I, iPTH, calcium, sclerostin, and dickkopf-1 at 16 time-points during and up to 1 year after bed rest. In inactive control, after an initial increase in both BAP and CTX-I, sclerostin increased. BAP then returned to baseline levels, and CTX-I continued to increase. In RVE and RE, BAP increased more than control in bed rest (p ≤ 0.029). Increases of CTX-I in RE and RVE did not differ significantly to inactive control. RE may have attenuated increases in sclerostin and dickkopf-1, but this was not statistically significant. In RVE there was no evidence for any impact on sclerostin and dickkopf-1 changes. Long-term recovery of bone was also measured and 6-24 months after bed rest, and proximal femur bone mineral content was still greater in RVE than control (p = 0.01). The results, while showing that exercise against bone loss in experimental bed rest results in greater bone formation, could not provide evidence that exercise impeded the rise in serum sclerostin and dickkopf-1 levels.
authors.affiliation: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Muscle and Bone Research, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany. belavy@gmail.com.|Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia. belavy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Belavý
authors.affiliation: IEL-Nutrition Physiology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 11-13, 53115, Bonn, Germany.|Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baecker
authors.affiliation: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Muscle and Bone Research, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Armbrecht
authors.affiliation: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Muscle and Bone Research, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beller
authors.affiliation: IEL-Nutrition Physiology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 11-13, 53115, Bonn, Germany.|Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buehlmeier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frings-Meuthen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, 51147, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rittweger
authors.affiliation: Labor Limbach, Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Onkologie, Im Breitspiel 15, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinz J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung GmbH, Hellersbergstr. 9, 41460, Neuss, Germany.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heer
authors.affiliation: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Muscle and Bone Research, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Felsenberg
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000328:Adult; D001510:Bed Rest; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D015444:Exercise; D005269:Femur / Q000378:metabolism*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015415:Biomarkers; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C501126:DKK1 protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C422903:SOST protein, human
keywords: Bone mineral density; Immobilisation; Spaceflight; Training; pQCT