title: Surprise Questions for Survival Prediction in Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Predicting the short-term survival in cancer patients is an important issue for patients, family, and oncologists. Although the prognostic accuracy of the surprise question has value in 1-year mortality for cancer patients, the prognostic value for short-term survival has not been formally assessed. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of the surprise question for 7-day and 30-day survival in patients with advanced cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in Japan from September 2012 through April 2014, involving 16 palliative care units, 19 hospital-based palliative care teams, and 23 home-based palliative care services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We recruited 2,425 patients and included 2,361 for analysis: 912 from hospital-based palliative care teams, 895 from hospital palliative care units, and 554 from home-based palliative care services. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the 7-day survival surprise question were 84.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.7%-88.0%), 68.0% (95% CI, 67.3%-68.5%), 30.3% (95% CI, 28.9%-31.5%), and 96.4% (95% CI, 95.5%-97.2%), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the 30-day surprise question were 95.6% (95% CI, 94.4%-96.6%), 37.0% (95% CI, 35.9%-37.9%), 57.6% (95% CI, 56.8%-58.2%), and 90.4% (95% CI, 87.7%-92.6%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surprise questions are useful for screening patients for short survival. However, the high false-positive rates do not allow clinicians to provide definitive prognosis prediction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study indicate that clinicians can screen patients for 7- or 30-day survival using surprise questions with 90% or more sensitivity. Clinicians cannot provide accurate prognosis estimation, and all patients will not always die within the defined periods. The screened patients can be regarded as the subjects to be prepared for approaching death, and proactive discussion would be useful for such patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikenaga
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatara
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Chizuko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takigawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Mie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasara
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu City, Japan; Hospice Children's Hospice Hospital, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, Mitui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Team, and Palliative and Supportive Care, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative Care, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan; Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Primary Care Service, Shinsei Hospital, Nagano, Japan; Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan; Yuuaikai Nanbu Hospital, Itoman, Japan; Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan hikinosh@east.ncc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000523:psychology*; D010820:Physicians; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: 30-day survival; 7-day survival; Advanced cancer; Prognostic value; Surprise questions