title: Clinical applications of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy.
abstract: Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE; Intralipid) therapy, a standard treatment in local anesthetic toxicity, has demonstrated therapeutic efficacies for a number of different drug class-mediated toxicities. Some of these varied drug groups include antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, and calcium channel blockers. To meet the objective of describing the growing number of indications for Intralipid therapy and any diverse effects and/or failures of Intralipid therapy in reversing multiple drug toxicities, we queried several Internet search engines with the key words "intravenous lipid emulsion therapy," "Intralipid," "lipid emulsion," and "local anesthetic systemic toxicity," resulting in the identification of 31 case reports for descriptive analysis. These case reports included 49 separate drug overdose cases involving ten separate drug classes which were successfully reversed with Intralipid. The education of clinicians regarding the beneficial and varied roles of Intralipid therapy in different clinical settings is warranted, particularly in terms of the potential for Intralipid therapy to reverse the toxicities of non-local anesthetic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Sam H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.|School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. alankaye44@hotmail.com.|Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. alankaye44@hotmail.com.|Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Ave, Room 656, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. alankaye44@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alan David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D062787:Drug Overdose; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004655:Emulsions; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D010743:Phospholipids; C545823:soybean oil, phospholipid emulsion; D013024:Soybean Oil
keywords: Intralipid; Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy; Lipid emulsion; Local anesthetic systemic toxicity