title: Assessing Demographic Differences in Patient-Perceived Improvement in Facial Appearance and Quality of Life Following Rhinoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As rhinoplasty patient demographics evolve, surgeons must consider the impact of demographics on patient satisfaction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify independent demographic predictors of differences in satisfaction with appearance and quality of life following rhinoplasty utilizing the FACE-Q patient-reported outcome instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting for rhinoplasty completed the following FACE-Q scales: Satisfaction with Facial Appearance, Satisfaction with Nose, Social Function, and Psychological Well-being. Higher FACE-Q scores indicate greater satisfaction with appearance or superior quality of life. Pre- and post-treatment scores were compared in the context of patient demographics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scales were completed by 59 patients. Women demonstrated statistically significant improvements in Satisfaction with Facial Appearance and quality of life while men only experienced significant improvement in Satisfaction with Facial appearance. Caucasians demonstrated statistically significant improvement in Satisfaction with Facial Appearance and quality of life while non-Caucasians did not. Patients younger than 35 years old were more likely to experience enhanced Satisfaction with Facial Appearance and quality of life compared with patients older than 35 years old. Patients with income ≥$100,000 were more likely to experience significant increases in Satisfaction with Facial Appearance and quality of life than patients with incomes <$100,000.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an objective study using a validated patient-reported outcome instrument, the authors were able to quantify differences in the clinically meaningful change in perception of appearance and quality of life that rhinoplasty patients gain based on demographic variables. The authors also demonstrated that these variables are potential predictors of differences in satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Mr Schwitzer is a Research Fellow and Ms Scott is a Research Coordinator, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Drs. Albino and Mathis are Residents, Ms. Gamble is an Executive Assistant, and Dr Baker is a Professor and Program Director, Department of Plastic Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC and Medical Director, Inova Children's Hospital Craniofacial Program, Falls Church, VA.
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schwitzer
authors.affiliation: Mr Schwitzer is a Research Fellow and Ms Scott is a Research Coordinator, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Drs. Albino and Mathis are Residents, Ms. Gamble is an Executive Assistant, and Dr Baker is a Professor and Program Director, Department of Plastic Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC and Medical Director, Inova Children's Hospital Craniofacial Program, Falls Church, VA.
authors.forename: Frank P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Albino
authors.affiliation: Mr Schwitzer is a Research Fellow and Ms Scott is a Research Coordinator, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Drs. Albino and Mathis are Residents, Ms. Gamble is an Executive Assistant, and Dr Baker is a Professor and Program Director, Department of Plastic Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC and Medical Director, Inova Children's Hospital Craniofacial Program, Falls Church, VA.
authors.forename: Ryan K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.affiliation: Mr Schwitzer is a Research Fellow and Ms Scott is a Research Coordinator, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Drs. Albino and Mathis are Residents, Ms. Gamble is an Executive Assistant, and Dr Baker is a Professor and Program Director, Department of Plastic Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC and Medical Director, Inova Children's Hospital Craniofacial Program, Falls Church, VA.
authors.forename: Amie M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Mr Schwitzer is a Research Fellow and Ms Scott is a Research Coordinator, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Drs. Albino and Mathis are Residents, Ms. Gamble is an Executive Assistant, and Dr Baker is a Professor and Program Director, Department of Plastic Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC and Medical Director, Inova Children's Hospital Craniofacial Program, Falls Church, VA.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.affiliation: Mr Schwitzer is a Research Fellow and Ms Scott is a Research Coordinator, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Drs. Albino and Mathis are Residents, Ms. Gamble is an Executive Assistant, and Dr Baker is a Professor and Program Director, Department of Plastic Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC and Medical Director, Inova Children's Hospital Craniofacial Program, Falls Church, VA.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D044469:Racial Groups; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires