title: Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum in Salta, Argentina: Possible Reservoirs and Vectors.
abstract: Cases of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) were not recorded until recently in the Chaco region of northwestern Argentina. Dogs were surveyed at the sites of infection of two HVL index cases in the Chaco region of Salta province. Canine cases (CanL) were diagnosed by two parasitological methods, two molecular methods targeting mini- and maxicircle DNA, and immunochromatographic dipstick. Among 77 dogs studied, 10 (13%) were found infected with Leishmania spp. In seven dogs and two humans, the infecting species was typed as Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum. The same genotype was detected in the human and two of the CanL. Although several diagnostic methods displayed weak or moderate agreement, the concordance values for serology versus maxicircle PCR were very good (Kappa index = 0.84). Sandflies captured in the area were identified as Lutzomyia migonei and Lu. cortelezzii/Lu. sallesi (cortelezzii complex). The focal appearance of leishmaniasis in dogs and humans in a sylvatic region and its relatively low prevalence of infection suggests that L. (L.) infantum transmission to dogs and humans may, in this region, stem from sylvatic reservoirs.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Paola A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Jorge D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Fabricio M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Rubén M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cardozo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Carlos L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hoyos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: María F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: García Bustos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: López-Quiroga
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Tatsuyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimori
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Alberto G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Alejandra B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Barrio
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korenaga
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Yoshihisha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNSa, Salta, Argentina; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Salta, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador basombri@unsa.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Basombrío
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D045303:Cytochromes b