title: How many segments are there in an orange: normative data for the new Cognitive Estimation Task in an Italian population.
abstract: The Cognitive Estimation Test (CET) is widely used by clinicians to assess frontal executive dysfunction. In the present work, the Italian standardization of a new version of the CET is provided. This version consists of two 9-item parallel forms (A and B) that were administered to two hundred and twenty-seven healthy Italian male and female participants aged between 19 and 91 years with 5-24 years of full-time education. Performance on the CET was not related to age or level of education; both forms showed a male CET advantage. The new CET is a useful tool for clinicians and researchers to administer the CET more than once without practice effects, which is considered important when assessing frontal executive abilities.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo, Oggebbio, VCO, Italy. f.scarpina@auxologico.it.|"Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. f.scarpina@auxologico.it.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scarpina
authors.affiliation: Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo, Oggebbio, VCO, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: D'Aniello
authors.affiliation: "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.|Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, VCO, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mauro
authors.affiliation: Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo, Oggebbio, VCO, Italy.|Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castelnuovo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.|Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: MacPherson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D004522:Educational Status; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive estimation; Executive function; Frontal lobe; Neuropsychological test