title: Exploring the Potential of Venom from Nasonia vitripennis as Therapeutic Agent with High-Throughput Screening Tools.
abstract: The venom from the ectoparasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) contains at least 80 different proteins and possibly even more peptides or other small chemical compounds, demonstrating its appealing therapeutic application. To better understand the dynamics of the venom in mammalian cells, two high-throughput screening tools were performed. The venom induced pathways related to an early stress response and activated reporters that suggest the involvement of steroids. Whether these steroids reside from the venom itself or show an induced release/production caused by the venom, still remains unsolved. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β was found to be down-regulated after venom and LPS co-treatment, confirming the anti-inflammatory action of N. vitripennis venom. When analyzing the expression levels of the NF-κB target genes, potentially not only the canonical but also the alternative NF-κB pathway can be affected, possibly explaining some counterintuitive results. It is proposed that next to an NF-κB binding site, the promoter of the genes tested by the PCR array may also contain binding sites for other transcription factors, resulting in a complex puzzle to connect the induced target gene with its respective transcription factor. Interestingly, Nasonia venom altered the expression of some drug targets, presenting the venom with an exciting therapeutical potential.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University, S2 Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. ellen.danneels@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Ellen L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Danneels
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University, S2 Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. ellen.formesyn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Formesyn
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University, S2 Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. dirk.degraaf@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Dirk C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: de Graaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014862:Wasp Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014863:Wasps
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D014862:Wasp Venoms; D008156:Luciferases
keywords: NF-κB; Nasonia; PCR array; reporter array; therapeutic; venom