title: Nonintubated anesthesia in thoracic surgery: general issues.
abstract: Anesthetic management for awake thoracic surgery (ATS) is more difficult than under general anesthesia (GA), being technically extremely challenging for the anesthesiologist. Therefore, thorough preparation and vigilance are paramount for successful patient management. In this review, important considerations of nonintubated anesthesia for thoracic surgery are discussed in view of careful patient selection, anesthetic preparation, potential perioperative difficulties and the management of its complications.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France ; 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France ; 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castillo
keywords: Awake thoracic surgery (ATS); conversion; general anesthesia (GA)