title: NBOMe and 2C substitute phenylethylamine exposures reported to the National Poison Data System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hallucinogenic designer drugs, especially NBOMe and the 2C substitute phenylethylamine series, have been increasing ubiquitous in past years. The purpose of this study is to characterize and compare clinical features of NBOMe and 2C exposures in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective cohort study of all single agent exposures to NBOMe and 2C substitute phenylethlamine reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from 1st September 2012 to 30th September 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the study period, there were a total 341 cases including 148 NBOMe exposures and 193 2C exposures. The majority cases involved men (73.9%); median age was 18 years (Interquartile-range, 16-21). Similar clinical effects were reported in both groups including tachycardia (45.2%), agitation/irritable (44.3%), hallucination/delusion (32.0%), confusion (19.1%) and hypertension (18.5%). There were higher incidences of hallucination/delusion, single episode seizure and benzodiazepine administration in NBOMe exposures (40.5%, 8.8% and 50.0%respectively) than those of 2C exposures (25.4%, 3.1%, and 32.6% respectively). There were 2.3% death; no difference between two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher rate of symptoms in NBOMe is consistent with the higher 5HT2A agonistic effects of NBOMe described in both molecular and animal studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common clinical effects of NBOMe and 2C exposures were tachycardia, agitation/irritable, hallucination/delusion, confusion, and hypertension. There were higher incidences of hallucination/delusion, single episode seizure and benzodiazepine administration in NBOMe.
authors.affiliation: Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority , Denver, Colorado , USA.
authors.forename: Sahaphume
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srisuma
authors.forename: Alvin C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bronstein
authors.forename: Christopher O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Hoyte
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000506:poisoning; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000506:poisoning*; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015198:Designer Drugs; D010627:Phenethylamines; D001569:Benzodiazepines
keywords: 2C; NBOMe; Substitute phenylethylamine