title: Eight weeks gait retraining in minimalist footwear has no effect on running economy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of an eight week combined minimalist footwear (MFW) and gait-retraining intervention on running economy (RE) and kinematics in conventional footwear runners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three trained male runners (age: 43 ± 10 years, stature: 177.2 ± 9.2 cm, body mass: 72.8 ± 10.2 kg, V̇O2max: 56.5 ± 7.0 mL min(-1) kg(-1)) were recruited. Participants were assigned to either an intervention group (n = 13) who gradually increased exposure to MFW and also implemented gait-retraining over an eight week period. RE and kinematics were measured in both MFW and conventional running shoes (CRS) at pre-tests and eight weeks, in a random order. In contrast the control group (n = 10) had no MFW exposure or gait retraining and were only tested in CRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MFW and gait re-training intervention had no effect on RE (p < .001). However, RE was significantly better in MFW (mean difference 2.72%; p = .002) at both pre and post-tests compared to CRS. Step frequency increased as a result of the intervention (+5.7 steps per minute [spm]; p < .001), and was also significantly higher in MFW vs. CRS (+7.5 spm; p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst a better RE in MFW was observed when compared to CRS due to shoe mass, familiarization to MFW with gait-retraining was not found to influence RE.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, Applied Sports Performance Research Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. Electronic address: Joseph.warne2@mail.dcu.ie.
authors.forename: Joe P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Warne
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, Applied Sports Performance Research Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: Kieran A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, Applied Sports Performance Research Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: Giles D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Warrington
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012775:Shoes; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Barefoot running; Footwear; Performance; Running technique