title: Triclosan Induces Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Skin Promoting Th2 Allergic Responses.
abstract: Triclosan is an antimicrobial chemical incorporated into many personal, medical and household products. Approximately, 75% of the U.S. population has detectable levels of triclosan in their urine, and although it is not typically considered a contact sensitizer, recent studies have begun to link triclosan exposure with augmented allergic disease. We examined the effects of dermal triclosan exposure on the skin and lymph nodes of mice and in a human skin model to identify mechanisms for augmenting allergic responses. Triclosan (0%-3%) was applied topically at 24-h intervals to the ear pinnae of OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice. Skin and draining lymph nodes were evaluated for cellular responses and cytokine expression over time. The effects of triclosan (0%-0.75%) on cytokine expression in a human skin tissue model were also examined. Exposure to triclosan increased the expression of TSLP, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the skin with concomitant decreases in IL-25, IL-33, and IL-1α. Similar changes in TSLP, IL1B, and IL33 expression occurred in human skin. Topical application of triclosan also increased draining lymph node cellularity consisting of activated CD86(+)GL-7(+) B cells, CD80(+)CD86(+) dendritic cells, GATA-3(+)OX-40(+)IL-4(+)IL-13(+) Th2 cells and IL-17 A(+) CD4 T cells. In vivo antibody blockade of TSLP reduced skin irritation, IL-1β expression, lymph node cellularity, and Th2 responses augmented by triclosan. Repeated dermal exposure to triclosan induces TSLP expression in skin tissue as a potential mechanism for augmenting allergic responses.
authors.affiliation: *Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505;Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505 andVet Path Services, Inc., Mason 45040, Ohio nmarshall@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Nikki B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: *Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505;
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lukomska
authors.affiliation: *Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505;
authors.forename: Carrie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505 and.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kashon
authors.affiliation: Vet Path Services, Inc., Mason 45040, Ohio.
authors.forename: Douglas D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sharpnack
authors.affiliation: *Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505;
authors.forename: Ajay P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: *Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505;
authors.forename: Katie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: *Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505;
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jean Meade
authors.affiliation: *Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505;
authors.forename: Stacey E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity*; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D016207:Cytokines; D014260:Triclosan; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
keywords: OVA; TSLP; Th2; allergy; triclosan