title: Production, quality control, and bio-distribution studies of (159)Gd-EDTMP as a palliative agent for bone pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Particle-emitting, bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals have attracted the attention of the nuclear medicine community over the last three decades for the treatment of the pain of osteoblastic metastases. The objectives of this research were to produce quality-controlled (159)Gd-EDTMP in order to provide a new therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for use in clinical applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation was an experimental study in which (159)Gd (T1/2=18.479 h, Eβ (max)=970.60 keV, Eγ=363.55 (11.4%) keV] was produced by thermal neutron bombardment of natural Gd2O3 at the Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) for a period of 7 d at a flux of 3-4×10(13) neutrons/cm(2).s. It was then quality-controlled and used to radio-label the in-house prepared ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complexation parameters were optimized to achieve maximum yields (>99%). The radiochemical purity of (159)Gd-EDTMP was checked by radio thin layer chromatography RTLC. It was found to retain its stability at room temperature (>95%). Bio-distribution studies of the complexes conducted in wild rats showed significant bone uptake with rapid clearance from blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The properties of the (159)Gd-EDTMP that was produced suggest then use of a new, efficient, palliative therapeutic agent for metastatic bone pain instead of some other current radiopharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Radiopharmaceutical Research and Development Lab (RRDL), Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Simindokht Shirvani
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Arani
authors.affiliation: M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Nuclear Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Somaye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Radiopharmaceutical Research and Development Lab (RRDL), Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, P. O. Box: 14155-1339, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Bahrami
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Samani
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor Faculty of Nuclear Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba Shamsaei
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zafarghandi
keywords: EDTMP; bone; gadolinium; radiotherapy