title: CDCA5 overexpression is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract and urinary bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common tumor involving upper urinary tract (UTUC) and urinary bladder (UBUC) whose molecular survival determinants remains obscured. By computerizing a public transcriptomic database of UBUCs (GSE32894), we identified cell division cycle associated 5 (CDCA5) as the most significantly upregulated gene among those associated with G1-S transition of the mitotic cell cycle (GO:0000082). We therefore analyzed the clinicoptaological significance of CDCA5 expression in our well-characterized UC cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantigene assay was used to detect CDCA5 transcript levels in 36 UTUCs and 30 UBUCs. We used immunohistochemistry evaluated by H-scores to determine CDCA5 protein expression in 295 UBUCs and 340 UTUCs, respectively. CDCA5 expression was further correlated with clinicopathological features and disease-specific survival (DSS) and metastasis-free survival (MeFS). For both groups of UCs, increments of CDCA5 transcript levels were associated with higher pT status, CDCA5 protein overexpression was also significantly associated with advanced pT status, nodal metastasis, high histological grade, vascular invasion, and frequent mitoses. CDCA5 overexpression was predictive for worse DSS and MeFS in univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDCA5 overexpression is associated with advanced clinical features of UC, suggesting its potential value as a prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital/I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Wei
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Urology, E-DA Hospital/I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Victor Chia-Hsiang
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital/I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital/I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Tien
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Chia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Jeng
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Nung
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Feng
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Tainan, Taiwan ; Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center Tainan, Taiwan ; National Cancer Research Institute, National Health Research Institutes Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: CDCA5; cell division cycle associated 5; upper tract; urinary bladder; urothelial carcinoma