title: Histopathologic changes in liver and kidney of male sprague dawley rats treated with extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum L.
abstract: In traditional medicine Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (Sapindeaceae) is used against various ailments such as rheumatism, nervous diseases, stiffness of the limbs and snakebite. Leaves are crushed and made into a tea, which aids itchy skin. Salted leaves are used as a poultice on swellings. Young leaves can be cooked and used as vegetables. The leaf juice has been used as a treatment for earache as well. In this study we evaluate acute toxicity (10, 50, 100 and 500 mg/kg) and pathologic changes in esophagus, stomach, liver and kidney tissues with a magnifying glass and microscope in a row to mark changes to both morphological and histological in comparison to control with the treatment of ethyl acetate extract (dose of 40mg/kg) in male Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups consisting of 3 rats per group for acute toxicity and histopathological change. In conclusion, no lethality was observed in acute toxicity study for 7 days. The treatment of ethyl acetate extracts at 40 mg/kg did not show lethal toxicological changes as observed by histopathological examination in the kidney and liver tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Huma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shareef
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ghazala H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Rizwani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shaukat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahmud
authors.affiliation: Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rehana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perveen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Khalid