title: Subtalar instability.
abstract: Subtalar instability is a common clinical entity. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of this diagnosis in patients who have been diagnosed with chronic lateral ankle instability but have failed standard management and have continued pain in the sinus tarsi. As with ankle instability, nonoperative management is the initial mainstay of treatment. Operative management includes ligamentous reconstruction of key lateral stabilizers of the subtalar joint. Future research on this subject should be focused at improving diagnosis and recognition of this entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aynardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Pedowitz
authors.affiliation: Foot and Ankle Service, Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 925 Chestnut Street, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: steven.raikin@rothmaninstitute.com.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Raikin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013380:Subtalar Joint
keywords: Ankle instability; Subtalar dislocation; Subtalar instability; Subtalar joint