title: Forward screening for seedling tolerance to Fe toxicity reveals a polymorphic mutation in ferric chelate reductase in rice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rice contains the lowest grain Fe content among cereals. One biological limiting factor is the tolerance of rice to Fe toxicity. Reverse and forward genetic screenings were used to identify tolerance to Fe toxicity in 4,500 M4 lines irradiated by fast neutrons (FN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fe-tolerant mutants were successfully isolated. In the forward screen, we selected five highly tolerant and four highly intolerant mutants based on the response of seedlings to 300 ppm Fe. Reverse screening based on the polymorphic coding sequence of seven Fe homeostatic genes detected by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) revealed MuFRO1, a mutant for OsFRO1 (LOC_Os04g36720). The MuFRO1 mutant tolerated Fe toxicity in the vegetative stage and had 21-30% more grain Fe content than its wild type. All five highly Fe-tolerant mutants have the same haplotype as the MuFRO1, confirming the important role of OsFRO1 in Fe homeostasis in rice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FN radiation generated extreme Fe-tolerant mutants capable of tolerating different levels of Fe toxicity in the lowland rice environment. Mutants from both reverse and forward screens suggested a role for OsFRO1 in seedling tolerance to Fe toxicity. The MuFRO1 mutant could facilitate rice production in the high-Fe soil found in Southeast Asia.
authors.affiliation: Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand, phatsterster@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Siriphat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruengphayak
authors.forename: Vinitchan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruanjaichon
authors.forename: Chatree
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saensuk
authors.forename: Supaporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phromphan
authors.forename: Somvong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tragoonrung
authors.forename: Ratchanee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kongkachuichai
authors.forename: Apichart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanavichit