title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms associated with risk of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of 23 case-control studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is important to the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). A lot of research has focused on the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I) /deletion (D) gene polymorphisms and AF, with inconsistent results. A meta-analysis was carried out to find the correlation between ACE I/D gene polymorphisms and AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted from articles published before September 2013 on ACE I/D polymorphisms and AF in Embase, PubMed, WanFangData, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recessive model found that ACE I/D gene polymorphisms were related to AF (odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16-1.72). Subgroup analysis showed a significant association in the recessive model for Asian (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.19-1.80) and Caucasian (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.01-1.99) populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACE I/D gene polymorphisms and AF are significantly related to ethnicity. Individuals with the ACE D/D genotype appear to be at higher risk of AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China songyi0323@163.com.
authors.forename: Runwei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Guoning
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Wenshan Prefecture, China.
authors.forename: Xingjian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Jiyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Ziliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the No. 1 Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, China.
authors.forename: Shaohong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; atrial fibrillation; gene polymorphisms