title: The influence of alcohol on pedestrians: A different approach to the effectiveness of the new traffic safety law.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the new traffic safety law on pedestrian mortality by exploring hazardous behaviors of pedestrians in terms of alcohol use and blood alcohol concentration (BAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective autopsy study was performed, covering a 7-year period (from 2006 to 2012), including cases of fatally injured pedestrians who died at the scene of the incident. Blood samples obtained from the femoral vein during autopsy were analyzed for BAC. The entire sample was divided into 2 groups. The first included cases from 2006 to 2009, at which time the old traffic safety law was in force, and the second included cases from 2010 to 2012, under the new traffic safety law.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 247 cases were examined, covering a 7-year period. The average age was 57.5 ± 19.7 years (median 61.0 years) with a significant male predominance of 147 men to 100 women. This predominance also applied to alcohol use (54 vs. 13). The results show a significant decrease in the total annual number of fatally injured pedestrians, starting from 2009, compared to previous years, reaching a low in 2010, one year after implementation of the new traffic safety law. In contrast, the proportion of alcohol-intoxicated pedestrians showed no significant difference in the years preceding and following the new traffic safety law, nor did the annual distribution of BAC or mean BAC before and after application of the new law.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that the new traffic safety law has been quite effective in reducing pedestrian mortality. However, alcohol consumption and intoxication in pedestrians remains a fairly important factor in motor vehicle accidents involving pedestrians, because the proportion of pedestrians positive for alcohol, the proportion of severely intoxicated pedestrians with BAC > 1 g/L, and annual mean BAC have remained unchanged.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Belgrade-School of Medicine , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Živković
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Belgrade-School of Medicine , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lukić
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Belgrade-School of Medicine , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Slobodan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikolić
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D001344:Autopsy; D000067401:Blood Alcohol Content; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069636:Pedestrians / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012449:Safety / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D055771:Serbia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000067401:Blood Alcohol Content
keywords: alcohol; blood alcohol concentration; legislation; pedestrians; traffic safety law