title: Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer: recommendations of the St Gallen Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2015.
abstract: The first St Gallen Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) Expert Panel identified and reviewed the available evidence for the ten most important areas of controversy in advanced prostate cancer (APC) management. The successful registration of several drugs for castration-resistant prostate cancer and the recent studies of chemo-hormonal therapy in men with castration-naïve prostate cancer have led to considerable uncertainty as to the best treatment choices, sequence of treatment options and appropriate patient selection. Management recommendations based on expert opinion, and not based on a critical review of the available evidence, are presented. The various recommendations carried differing degrees of support, as reflected in the wording of the article text and in the detailed voting results recorded in supplementary Material, available at Annals of Oncology online. Detailed decisions on treatment as always will involve consideration of disease extent and location, prior treatments, host factors, patient preferences as well as logistical and economic constraints. Inclusion of men with APC in clinical trials should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology/Haematology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland silke.gillessen@kssg.ch.
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authors.lastname: Gillessen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology/Haematology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
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authors.lastname: Omlin
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.
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authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.
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authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: de Bono
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, David H. Koch Centre, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, USA Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France.
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authors.lastname: Fizazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham.
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authors.affiliation: Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle.
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authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Tulane Cancer Centre, Tulane University, New Orleans.
authors.forename: O
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authors.lastname: Sartor
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Centre, Boston.
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authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, USA.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Soule
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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authors.affiliation: Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York.
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authors.lastname: Beltran
authors.affiliation: Michigan Centre for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chinnaiyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: G
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authors.lastname: Daugaard
authors.affiliation: Monash University and Eastern Health, Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, Australia.
authors.forename: I D
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authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Cancer Research, Kaiser Franz Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
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authors.lastname: De Santis
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and The Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Eeles
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: S
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authors.lastname: Fanti
authors.affiliation: Urological Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gleave
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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authors.lastname: Heidenreich
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Centre, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Centre du Cancer et Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lecouvet
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, David H. Koch Centre, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, USA.
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authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Logothetis
authors.affiliation: Europa Uomo Prostate Patients, Clayhall Ilford, UK.
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authors.lastname: Mastris
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
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authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid CNIO-IBIMA Genitourinary Cancer Unit, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen de la Victoria y Regional de Málaga, Málaga Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: D
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authors.initials: AR
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authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, Academic Urology Unit and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.
authors.forename: C
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authors.affiliation: Institute for Precision Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud University, Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
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authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Zerifin, Israel.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Carolina Urologic Research Centre, Myrtle Beach.
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authors.initials: EJ
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authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, San Camillo and Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy.
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authors.initials: CN
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Tannock
authors.affiliation: Service D'Urologie, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
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mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D043823:Taxoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel
keywords: advanced prostate cancer; castration-naïve prostate cancer; castration-resistant prostate cancer; consensus; therapeutics