title: One-pot synthesis of levulinic acid from cellulose in ionic liquids.
abstract: A simple and effective route for the production of levulinic acid (LA) from cellulose has been developed in SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids. The effects of ionic liquid structures, reaction conditions and combination of metal chlorides with ILs on the yield of LA were investigated, where the highest yield of 39.4% was obtained for 120 min in the presence of 1-(4-sulfonic acid) butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate ([BSMim]HSO4) with addition of H2O. The catalytic activities of ionic liquids depended on the anions and decreased in the order: CF3SO3(-)>HSO4(-) > OAc(-), which was in good agreement with their acidity order. The ILs play a dual solvent-acid role for the cellulose conversion into LA and exhibited favorable catalytic activity over four repeated runs.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Kui
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xuan
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China. Electronic address: mzlwb@bjfu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Run-Cang
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D007982:Levulinic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D007982:Levulinic Acids; D002482:Cellulose; C032246:levulinic acid
keywords: Cellulose; Degradation; Ionic liquids; Levulinic acid