title: The experience of older people living independently in Singapore.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Globally, older people are living independently either alone or with their spouse, population continues to age. In Singapore, some may live with an unrelated older person in a public rental apartment. In Asia, these older people are associated with increased risks of poor health and social isolation, have poorer social support and a poor quality of life. Few studies have explored why these older people choose such living arrangements, the challenges they encountered and what has helped or may help them overcome these challenges.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore older people's experiences of living independently or with an unrelated older person.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive qualitative study involved face-to-face interviews with 25 informants, 65 years or older in Singapore. Thematic analysis was adopted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five themes emerged: (1) making own choice--participants decided to live apart from their families, (2) contending with concerns--the availability of external resources for participants was shrinking, (3) coping with the available assistance--depending on available external resources from the community, (4) holding on to their values--participants rely on their internal resources to manage, and (5) preparing for the inevitable--participants were planning for their final years of life and for their death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older people have such living arrangements for many reasons. They attain well-being and quality of life by devising strategies, tapping on their limited external resources and relying on their values to manage their diminishing resources and the foreseeable death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding older people's experiences may help nurses and health professionals to develop health promotion programmes that support older people's everyday needs and help them to stay healthy. Public health policy must support older people to live in a safe environment near their extended family to reduce their need to relocate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: K-K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: H-G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: S W-C
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vehviläinen-Julkunen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012846:Singapore; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Healthy Ageing; Living Alone; Living Independently; Older People; Resources; Singapore