title: Soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand serum levels as markers of premature labor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to determine the relationships between secretory and endogenous secretory receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE, esRAGE), sRANKL, osteoprotegerin and the interval from diagnosis of threatened premature labor or premature rupture of the fetal membranes to delivery, and to evaluate the prognostic values of the assessed parameters for preterm birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety women between 22 and 36 weeks' gestation were included and divided into two groups: group A comprised 41 women at 22 to 36 weeks' gestation who were suffering from threatened premature labor; and group B comprised 49 women at 22 to 36 weeks' gestation with preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Levels of sRAGE, esRAGE, sRANKL, and osteoprotegerin were measured. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess differences in parameters between the groups. For statistical analysis of relationships, correlation coefficients were estimated using Spearman's test. Receiver operating characteristics were used to determine the cut-off point and predictive values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A, sRAGE and sRANKL levels were correlated with the latent time from symptoms until delivery (r = 0.422; r = -0.341, respectively). The sensitivities of sRANKL and sRAGE levels for predicting preterm delivery were 0.895 and 0.929 with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.857 and 0.929, respectively. In group B, sRAGE and sRANKL levels were correlated with the latent time from pPROM until delivery (r = 0.381; r = -0.439). The sensitivity of sRANKL and sRAGE for predicting delivery within 24 h after pPROM was 0.682 and 0.318, with NPVs of 0.741 and 0.625, respectively. Levels of esRAGE and sRANKL were lower in group A than in group B (median = 490.2 vs 541.1 pg/mL; median = 6425.0 vs 11362.5 pg/mL, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correlations between sRAGE, sRANKL, and pregnancy duration after the onset of symptoms suggest their role in preterm delivery. The high prognostic values of these biomarkers indicate their usefulness in diagnosis of pregnancies with threatened premature labor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. rafalrz123@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rzepka
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. Barbara.Dolegowska@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dołęgowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. daria_salata@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sałata
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. a.rajevska@o2.pl.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. martabudkowska@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Budkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. domanle@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Domański
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. kwiatkowskiseba@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. wioletta.bedner@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Wioletta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mikołajek-Bedner
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. torbea@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torbé
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000097:blood*; D005865:Gestational Age; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000097:blood; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000097:blood*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; C000593877:esRAGE protein, human; C000593871:AGER protein, human