title: Subgingival bacterial community profiles in HIV-infected Brazilian adults with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: To compare the subgingival microbial diversity between non-HIV-infected and HIV-infected individuals with chronic periodontitis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE).
  
  
  
  Thirty-two patients were selected: 11 were HIV-infected and 21 were non-HIV-infected, and all had chronic periodontitis. Periodontal measurements included probing depth, clinical attachment level, visible supragingival biofilm and bleeding on probing. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from periodontal sites (50% with probing depth ≤ 4 mm and 50% with probing depth ≥ 5 mm) and whole-genomic-amplified DNA was obtained. The DNA samples were subjected to amplification of a 16S rRNA gene fragment using universal bacterial primers, followed by DGGE analysis of the amplified gene sequences.
  
  
  
  The non-HIV-infected group presented higher mean full-mouth visible supragingival biofilm (p = 0.004), bleeding on probing (p = 0.006), probing depth (p < 0.001) and clinical attachment level (p = 0.001) in comparison with the HIV-infected group. DGGE analysis revealed 81 distinct bands from all 33 individuals. Banding profiles revealed a higher diversity of the bacterial communities in the subgingival biofilm of HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis. Moreover, cluster and principal component analyses demonstrated that the bacterial community profiles differed between these two conditions. High interindividual and intra-individual variability in banding profiles were observed for both groups.
  
  
  
  HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis present greater subgingival microbial diversity. In addition, the bacterial communities associated with HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected individuals are different in structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Carmo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feres
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rosado
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: K R N
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P V
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Colombo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D003773:Dental Plaque; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D010514:Periodontal Pocket; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: HIV infections; bacterial community profiling; chronic periodontitis; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis