title: Molecular evolution and expression profile of the chemerine encoding gene RARRES2 in baboon and chimpanzee.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemerin, encoded by the retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2) gene is an adipocytesecreted protein with autocrine/paracrine functions in adipose tissue, metabolism and inflammation with a recently described function in vascular tone regulation, liver, steatosis, etc. This molecule is believed to represent a critical endocrine signal linking obesity to diabetes. There are no data available regarding evolution of RARRES2 in non-human primates and great apes. Expression profile and orthology in RARRES2 genes are unknown aspects in the biology of this multigene family in primates. Thus; we attempt to describe expression profile and phylogenetic relationship as complementary knowledge in the function of this gene in primates. To do that, we performed A RT-PCR from different tissues obtained during necropsies. Also we tested the hypotheses of positive evolution, purifying selection, and neutrality. And finally a phylogenetic analysis was made between primates RARRES2 protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RARRES2 transcripts were present in liver, lung, adipose tissue, ovary, pancreas, heart, hypothalamus and pituitary tissues. Expression in kidney and leukocytes were not detectable in either species. It was determined that the studied genes are orthologous.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RARRES2 evolution fits the hypothesis of purifying selection. Expression profiles of the RARRES2 gene are similar in baboons and chimpanzees and are also phylogenetically related.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Facultad de Medicina, Avenida Patria 1201, Colonia Lomas del Valle, CP 45129, Zapopan, Jalisco, México. rgonzaleza5@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Av. Madero y Gonzalitos s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey, Jalisco, México. lulugarza87@gmail.com.
authors.forename: María de Lourdes
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Garza-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Colima, Facultad de Medicina, Av. Universidad 333, Colonia Las Víboras, CP 38040, Colima, Colima, México. ivancoliman@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Delgado-Enciso
authors.affiliation: Tecnológico de Monterrey campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Colonia Tecnológico, CP 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. vtrevino@itesm.mx.
authors.forename: Víctor Manuel
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Treviño-Alvarado
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Pedro de Alba, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México. canalesrcc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canales-Del-Castillo
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Departamento de Genética, Av. Madero y Gonzalitos s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. lauraeliamv@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Laura Elia
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Martínez-De-Villarreal
authors.affiliation: Centro Mesoamericano de Estudios en Salud Pública y Desastres (CEMESAD, Nodo Tapachula), Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, CP 30798, Tapachula, Chiapas, México. lugoweb_2@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Lugo-Trampe
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica. Periférico Sur 4809, Colonia Arenal Tepepan, CP 14610, Delegación Tlalpan, Distrito Federal, México. tejero17@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: María Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Tejero
authors.affiliation: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the PB, Odessa, TX, USA. drnatalia@sjsm.org.
authors.forename: Natalia E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Schlabritz-Loutsevitch
authors.affiliation: Tecnológico de Monterrey campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Colonia Tecnológico, CP 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. genmrp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: María Del Refugio
authors.initials: Mdel R
authors.lastname: Rocha-Pizaña
authors.affiliation: Auxology and Metabolism Working Group, Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA. scole@txbiomedgenetics.org.
authors.forename: Shelley A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Pedro de Alba, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México. diaresendez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reséndez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Tecnológico de Monterrey campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Colonia Tecnológico, CP 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. mario.alvarez@itesm.mx.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moises-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Auxology and Metabolism Working Group, Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA. agcomuzzie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Comuzzie
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Av. Madero y Gonzalitos s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey, Jalisco, México. habarrera@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hugo Alberto
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Barrera-Saldaña
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Av. Madero y Gonzalitos s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey, Jalisco, México. rgguajardo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garza-Guajardo
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Av. Madero y Gonzalitos s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey, Jalisco, México. oraliabarboza@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oralia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barboza-Quintana
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Departamento de Genética, Av. Madero y Gonzalitos s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. iramrodriguez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Irám Pablo
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000235:genetics*; D010215:Papio / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid