title: A prospective survey of critical care procedures performed by physicians in helicopter emergency medical service: is clinical exposure enough to stay proficient?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physicians in prehospital care must be proficient in critical care procedures. Procedure proficiency requires a combination of training, experience and continuous clinical exposure. Most physicians in helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) in Norway are well-trained and experienced anaesthesiologists, but we know little about their exposure to critical care procedures in the prehospital arena. This knowledge is required to plan clinical training and in-hospital practice to maintain core competences for a HEMS physician.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected survey data on critical care procedures performed by physicians at three HEMS bases in Norway for a one-year period. To correct for differences in duty time between physicians, the expected number of procedures performed in a full time engagement at each HEMS base was calculated. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and expected procedure volume at each base was compared using one-way between group analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We received data from 82.7 % of the duty hours in the study period. Physicians at Oslo University Hospital HEMS had the highest volume of procedures in most categories and were expected to perform a majority of the procedures at least once a year. There were significant differences in procedure volume between the bases in 25 procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians in Norwegian HEMS perform critical care procedures with variable frequencies. The low procedure volume in some cases and variance between bases indicate the need for a tailored procedure maintenance training and relevant in-hospital clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Air Ambulance Department, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway. stephen.sollid@norskluftambulanse.no.|Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway. stephen.sollid@norskluftambulanse.no.|Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Drøbak, Norway. stephen.sollid@norskluftambulanse.no.
authors.forename: Stephen J M
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sollid
authors.affiliation: Air Ambulance Department, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Per P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Bredmose
authors.affiliation: Air Ambulance Department, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anders R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Nakstad
authors.affiliation: Air Ambulance Department, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Mårten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandberg
mesh_terms: D017732:Air Ambulances; D000401:Aircraft; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D010820:Physicians / Q000592:standards*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires