title: The Canonical Immediate Early 3 Gene Product pIE611 of Mouse Cytomegalovirus Is Dispensable for Viral Replication but Mediates Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of Viral Gene Products.
abstract: Transcription of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate early ie1 and ie3 is controlled by the major immediate early promoter/enhancer (MIEP) and requires differential splicing. Based on complete loss of genome replication of an MCMV mutant carrying a deletion of the ie3-specific exon 5, the multifunctional IE3 protein (611 amino acids; pIE611) is considered essential for viral replication. Our analysis of ie3 transcription resulted in the identification of novel ie3 isoforms derived from alternatively spliced ie3 transcripts. Construction of an IE3-hemagglutinin (IE3-HA) virus by insertion of an in-frame HA epitope sequence allowed detection of the IE3 isoforms in infected cells, verifying that the newly identified transcripts code for proteins. This prompted the construction of an MCMV mutant lacking ie611 but retaining the coding capacity for the newly identified isoforms ie453 and ie310. Using Δie611 MCMV, we demonstrated the dispensability of the canonical ie3 gene product pIE611 for viral replication. To determine the role of pIE611 for viral gene expression during MCMV infection in an unbiased global approach, we used label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to delineate pIE611-dependent changes of the MCMV proteome. Interestingly, further analysis revealed transcriptional as well as posttranscriptional regulation of MCMV gene products by pIE611.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Cytomegaloviruses are pathogenic betaherpesviruses persisting in a lifelong latency from which reactivation can occur under conditions of immunosuppression, immunoimmaturity, or inflammation. The switch from latency to reactivation requires expression of immediate early genes. Therefore, understanding of immediate early gene regulation might add insights into viral pathogenesis. The mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate early 3 protein (611 amino acids; pIE611) is considered essential for viral replication. The identification of novel protein isoforms derived from alternatively spliced ie3 transcripts prompted the construction of an MCMV mutant lacking ie611 but retaining the coding capacity for the newly identified isoforms ie453 and ie310. Using Δie611 MCMV, we demonstrated the dispensability of the canonical ie3 gene product pIE611 for viral replication and delineated pIE611-dependent changes of the MCMV proteome. Our findings have fundamental implications for the interpretation of earlier studies on pIE3 functions and highlight the complex orchestration of MCMV gene regulation.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsklinikum, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rattay
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trilling
authors.affiliation: Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Megger
authors.affiliation: Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sitek
authors.affiliation: Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS, e.V., Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmut E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hengel
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany khanh.le@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Vu Thuy Khanh
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Le-Trilling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000235:genetics; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D018146:Muromegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006388:Hemagglutinins; C088646:IE3 protein, cytomegalovirus; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms