title: Endotoxin exposure and puberty in female rats: the role of nitric oxide and caspase-1 inhibition in neonates.
abstract: Bacterial toxins are widespread in the environment as well as in the digestive system of humans and animals. Toxin from Gram-negative bacteria (endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide; LPS) has a life-long programming effect on reproduction in rats, but the mediators have not been well-documented, so we investigated the effects of LPS on the timing of puberty in female rats. Because the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) increase following injection of LPS, we injected neonates (post-natal day (pnd) 7) with LPS, with or without NO or IL-1β inhibitors. Half of the prepubescent (pnd 30) animals received an additional LPS injection. Vaginal opening, number of ovarian follicles, and serum anti-LPS antibodies were determined. A single LPS injection was sufficient to reduce the primordial follicle pool, but puberty was delayed when rats received 2 LPS injections (at pnd 7 and 30). NO or IL-1β inhibitors improved both of these parameters, suggesting that the early detrimental effects of LPS on puberty and primordial follicle pool are mediated by NO and IL-1β.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozgocer
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.affiliation: c Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman, Mugla, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hulya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elbe
authors.affiliation: b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nigar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vardi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012737:Sex Factors; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014621:Vagina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; C000594089:IL1B protein, rat; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011804:Quinolines; C440499:lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia coli O111 B4; C468548:quinoline-val-asp(OMe)-CH2-OPH; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D020170:Caspase 1; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
keywords: IL-1β; female rats; fonction ovarienne; lipopolysaccharide; nitric oxide; ovarian function; oxyde nitrique; puberty; puberté; rats femelles