title: Temporal relationships between adipocytokines and diabetes risk in Hispanic adolescents with obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Circulating cytokines are frequently cited as contributors to insulin resistance in children with obesity. This study examined whether circulating adipocytokines, independent of adiposity, predicted pubertal changes in insulin sensitivity (SI), insulin secretion (AIR), and β-cell function in high-risk adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  158 Hispanic adolescents with overweight or obesity were followed for a median of 4 years. Adipocytokines were measured using Luminex technology. SI, AIR, and the disposition index were derived from an intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. Total fat mass was measured by DXA and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surprisingly, mean IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased between 5% and 6.5% per year from baseline (P < 0.001). Despite the general temporal trends, gaining 1-SD of VAT was associated with a 2% and 5% increase in MCP-1 and IL-8 (P < 0.05). In addition, a 1-SD higher MCP-1 or IL-6 concentration at baseline was associated with a 16% and 21% greater decline in SI during puberty vs. prepuberty (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several adipocytokines decreased during adolescence and were weakly associated with VAT and lower SI during puberty. Circulating adipocytokines have relatively limited associations with pubertal changes in diabetes risk; however, the consistent findings with MCP-1 warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Human and Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Department of Public Health, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Toledo-Corral
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Tanya L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Alderete
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weigensberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Goran
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha