title: Inhibitory effect of erythromycin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole antibiotics on anaerobic treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater.
abstract: Pharmaceuticals enter ecosystems, which causes changes to microbial community structure and development of resistant genes. Anaerobic treatments can be an alternative application for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewaters, which has high organic content. This study aims to develop an understanding of the effects of sulfamethoxazole-erythromycin-tetracycline (ETS), sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline (ST), erythromycin-sulfamethoxazole (ES) and erythromycin-tetracycline (ET) combinations on the anaerobic treatment of pharmaceutical industry wastewater. The results of this investigation revealed that bacteria have a competitive advantage over archaea under all antibiotic combinations. The ET reactor showed a better performance compared to other reactors; this could be due to antagonistic effects of sulfamethoxazole. Acute inhibition in the microbial community was also strongly affected by antibiotics concentrations. This indicated that the composition of the microbial community changed in association with anaerobic sequencing batch reactor performances. The results of this research support the idea that an acute test could be used to control and improve the anaerobic treatment system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: seaydin@itu.edu.tr; sevcan_aydn@hotmail.com; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Science and Technology Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sevcan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Bogazici University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Rumelihisarustu - Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ince
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: seaydin@itu.edu.tr; sevcan_aydn@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ince
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001105:Archaea / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000378:metabolism*; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004917:Erythromycin; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D013752:Tetracycline; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical