title: Sameness: The regulatory crux with nanomaterial identity and grouping schemes for hazard assessment.
abstract: Regulators and industry need clear rules for identification and grouping of nanomaterials for a streamlined quantitative hazard evaluation. Therefore, we provide convincing reasons for (i) why to introduce pragmatic definition of identities for nanomaterials, (ii) how to combine them into entities, and ultimately (iii) how the entities might be evaluated with testing strategies based on clouds of similar nanomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Federal Office of Public Health, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walser
authors.affiliation: Federal Office of Public Health, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Studer
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000145:classification* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018675:Toxicity Tests
keywords: Entity of nanomaterials; Grouping; Hazard assessment of nanomaterials; Identity of nanomaterials; Regulatory toxicology; Sameness; Testing strategy