title: Comparison of aqueous concentrations of angiogenic and inﬂammatory cytokines based on optical coherence tomography patterns of diabetic macular edema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to compare aqueous inﬂammatory and angiogenic cytokine levels in diabetic macular edema (DME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous samples were obtained from 50 eyes with DME and 12 normal eyes (control group). DME was classified according to the morphologic pattern based on optical coherence tomography: Diffuse retinal thickening (DRT; n = 19), cystoid macular edema (CME; n = 17), or serous retinal detachment (SRD; n = 14). Aqueous samples were collected just before intravitreal injection and at the beginning of cataract surgery in the control group. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon-induced protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured by multiplex bead assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, and PDGF-AA levels differed significantly among the three groups of DME (P = 0.014, P = 0.038, P = 0.021, and P = 0.041, respectively). However, there were no differences between groups in aqueous concentration levels of MCP-1 and VEGF (P = 0.205 and P = 0.062, respectively). IL-6 (P = 0.026) and IL-8 (P = 0.023) correlated positively with central foveal thickness (CFT) in the CME group. None of the cytokine levels correlated significantly with CFT in any of the DRT and SRD groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aqueous concentrations of cytokines varied according to the morphologic pattern of DME, which might explain the variable response to treatments such as intravitreal bevacizumab or triamcinolone injection.
authors.forename: Moosang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yonguk
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines