title: Clinical outcomes of intermittent antegrade warm versus cold blood cardioplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare clinical outcome in patients undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass graft surgery who received intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia or intermittent antegrade cold blood cardioplegia for myocardial protection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The observational, prospective non-randomised analytical comparative study was conducted at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, and Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan, from September 2012 to October 2013, and comprised patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. They were divided into two groups, with Group I having those who received intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia, and Group II having those who received intermittent antegrade cold blood cardioplegia. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 215 patients, 94(44%) were in Group I, and 121(56%) in Group II. Total surgical time in Group II was 119.26±22.24 minutes compared to 105.73±31.34 in Group I (p >0.0001). Spontaneous resumption of sinus rhythm and peri-operative myocardial infarction was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). There were 21(17.4%) patients in Group II to whom peri-operative myocardial infarction occurred compared to 9(9.6%) in Group I (p=0.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia showed better myocardial protection in early postoperative period compared to intermittent antegrade cold blood cardioplegia.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Perfusionist, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC), Multan.
authors.forename: Mirza Ahmad Raza
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC), Multan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sher-I-Murtaza
authors.affiliation: Clinical Perfusionist, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC), Multan.
authors.forename: Azhar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC), Multan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Zubair
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC), Multan.
authors.forename: Hafiz Muhammad
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Farhan Ali Rizvi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Perfusionist, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC), Multan.
authors.forename: Nosheen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Clinical Perfusionist, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC), Multan.
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shair
authors.affiliation: Clinical Perfusionist, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC), Multan.
authors.forename: Anum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ijaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D061646:Operative Time; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form
keywords: Intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia, Intermittent antegrade cold blood cardioplegia, Myocardial protection.