title: Peripheral blood neutrophil cytokine hyper-reactivity in chronic periodontitis.
abstract: Pro-inflammatory cytokine release (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) by peripheral blood neutrophils, isolated from periodontitis patients (before/after therapy) and matched controls, was determined after 18 h culture in the presence/absence of Escherichia coli LPS, opsonised Staphylococcus aureus, heat-killed Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. All cultures demonstrated differences in the amounts of each cytokine detected (P < 0.0001), with a clear release pattern (IL-8 > IL-6 > TNF-α = IL-1β). Median cytokine release from unstimulated patient neutrophils was consistently, but non-significantly, higher than from control cells. Stimulated cytokine release from untreated patient neutrophils was also consistently higher than from control cells. This hyper-reactivity was significant for all tested cytokines when data for all stimuli were combined (P < 0.016). In terms of individual stimuli, significant hyper-reactivity was detected with LPS (IL-8), F. nucleatum (IL-8, TNF-α), opsonised S. aureus (IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β) and P. gingivalis (IL-8, IL-1β). Cytokine production by patient neutrophils did not reduce following successful non-surgical periodontal therapy and, except for responses to F. nucleatum, the cytokine hyper-reactivity detected pre-therapy was retained. These data demonstrate that chronic periodontitis is characterised by neutrophils that constitutively exhibit cytokine hyper-reactivity, the effects of which could modulate local and systemic inflammatory-immune responses and influence the risk and severity of periodontitis-associated systemic inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK m.r.ling@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK.
authors.forename: Iain L C
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D001775:Blood Circulation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: Cytokine; TNF-α; interleukin; neutrophil; periodontitis