title: A novel tissue-engineered trachea with a mechanical behavior similar to native trachea.
abstract: A novel tissue-engineered trachea was developed with appropriate mechanical behavior and substantial regeneration of tracheal cartilage. We designed hollow bellows scaffold as a framework of a tissue-engineered trachea and demonstrated a reliable method for three-dimensional (3D) printing of monolithic bellows scaffold. We also functionalized gelatin sponge to allow sustained release of TGF-β1 for stimulating tracheal cartilage regeneration and confirmed that functionalized gelatin sponge induces cartilaginous tissue formation in vitro. A tissue-engineered trachea was then created by assembling chondrocytes-seeded functionalized gelatin sponges into the grooves of bellows scaffold and it showed very similar mechanical behavior to that of native trachea along with substantial regeneration of tracheal cartilage in vivo. The tissue-engineered trachea developed here represents a novel concept of tracheal substitute with appropriate mechanical behavior similar to native trachea for use in reconstruction of tracheal stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Hyun-Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Sang Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology and HNS, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, South Korea. Electronic address: dwcho@postech.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong-Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D021522:Bioartificial Organs; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000502:physiology; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006244:Hardness / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014132:Trachea / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*
keywords: Appropriate mechanical behavior; Bellows scaffold; Heparinization; Indirect 3D printing; Tracheal cartilage regeneration