title: Identification of three IFN-γ inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT)-like genes in mud crab Scylla paramamosain with distinct gene organizations and patterns of expression.
abstract: Vertebrate gamma-interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is an IFN-γ-inducible protein and is involved in MHCII-restricted antigen processing and cross-presentation of MHCI-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity. Outside of the endocytic MHC pathway, GILT regulates the cellular redox state, inhibits T cell activation, neutralizes extracellular pathogens and is also a host factor of some bacterial pathogens. In this report, we isolated and characterized three divergent GILT-like genes, GILT1, GILT2 and GILT3, which share only 30.9-40.4% identities in a crustacean mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Whilst the crab GILT1 and GILT3 possess four and five exons, respectively, the GILT2 is intronless, suggesting that GILT2 may arise from a recent retroposition event. The invertebrate GILT-like genes have diverse gene organizations and may be evolved in a species/lineage-specific manner as suggested by phylogenetic tree analysis. The amino acid sequences equivalent to human mature GILT are well conserved, including the GILT signature and nine of the ten cysteine residues that potentially form 5 disulfide bonds in human GILT, across the animal kingdom. However, most invertebrate GILT-like molecules lack the human-type N-terminal propeptide, as well as the human-type C-terminal with a conserved cysteine residue, suggesting differences in post translational processing and mode of action. All the three GILT-like genes are highly expressed in the hepatopancreas and up-regulated by pathogenic bacterial infection suggesting a role in immune defense against bacterial diseases. This study may provide the basis for further investigation of the expanding functions of GILT-like molecules in immunity and other physiological processes in mud crabs and other animals.
authors.affiliation: Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China. Electronic address: wshuang@jmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wen-Shu
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Li-Peng
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PRC, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Fang-Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK. Electronic address: t.h.wang@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Tiehui
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003386:Brachyura / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors
keywords: Cloning; Evolution; Expression; Gene organization; IFN-γ inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT); Mud crab Scylla paramamosain