title: Association of dietary patterns with serum adipokines among Japanese: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diet may influence disease risk by modulating adipokines. Although some foods and nutrients have been linked to circulating adipokine levels, little is known about the role of dietary patterns on adipokines. We investigated the association between major dietary patterns and circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a working population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 509 employees (296 men and 213 women), aged 20 to 65 years, of two municipal offices. Serum adipokines were measured using a Luminex suspension bead-based multiplexed array. Dietary patterns were derived by using principal component analysis of the consumption of 52 food and beverage items, which were ascertained by a validated diet history questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association between dietary pattern scores and adipokine concentrations, with adjustment for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three major dietary patterns were extracted: a Japanese, a Westernized breakfast, and a meat food patterns. Of these, we found significant, inverse associations of the Westernized breakfast pattern, which was characterized by higher intake of confectioneries, bread, and milk and yogurt but lower intake of alcoholic beverages and rice, with serum leptin and PAI-1 concentrations in a fully adjusted model (P for trend = 0.04 for both leptin and PAI-1). The other adipokines were not significantly associated with any dietary pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Westernized breakfast dietary pattern may be associated with lower circulating levels of leptin and PAI-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan. kashino@ri.ncgm.go.jp.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kashino
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan. nanri@ri.ncgm.go.jp.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanri
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan. kkurotani@ri.ncgm.go.jp.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurotani
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan. samimarub@ri.ncgm.go.jp.
authors.forename: Shamima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akter
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Disorder, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. kyasuda@ri.ncgm.go.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. masaos@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Nutrition and Health Science, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan. s-hayabuchi@fwu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayabuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan. mizoue@ri.ncgm.go.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoue
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D066273:Diet, Western; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase