title: Autism spectrum disorder symptoms among children enrolled in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED).
abstract: This study examined the phenotypic profiles of children aged 30-68 months in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED). Children classified as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD) with ASD symptoms, DD without ASD symptoms, and population comparison (POP) differed significantly from each other on cognitive, adaptive, behavioral, and social functioning and the presence of parent-reported conditions. Children with ASD and DD with ASD symptoms had mild to severe ASD risk on several measures compared to children with other DD and POP who had little ASD risk across measures. We conclude that children in SEED have varying degrees of ASD impairment and associated deficits. SEED thus provides a valuable sample to explore ASD phenotypes and inform risk factor analyses.
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-86, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. lwiggins@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.affiliation: Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.|Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-86, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schieve
authors.affiliation: Autism Research Program, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Croen
authors.affiliation: Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DiGuiseppi
authors.affiliation: Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blaskey
authors.affiliation: Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.|School of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Li-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinto-Martin
authors.affiliation: JFK Partners, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-86, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.|Emory Autism Research Center, Emory University, Druid Hills, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: JFK Partners, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Cordelia Robinson
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-86, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Marshalyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeargin-Allsopp
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS E-86, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.|Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Åarhus, Denmark.|Department of Economics and Business, National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Åarhus, Denmark.|Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schendel
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010641:Phenotype
keywords: Autism; Etiology; Phenotype; Study to Explore Early Development; Symptoms