title: Preparation and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: The aim of this study was to develop chitosan composite scaffolds with high strength and controlled pore structures by homogenously dispersed nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) powders. In the fabrication of composite scaffolds, nano-HAp powders distributed in an alginate (AG) solution with a pH higher than 10 were mixed with a chitosan (CS) solution and then freeze dried. While the HAp content increased up to 70 wt.%, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the composite scaffolds significantly increased from 0.27 MPa and 4.42 MPa to 0.68 MPa and 13.35 MPa, respectively. Higher content of the HAp also helped develop more differentiation and mineralization of the MC3T3-E1 cells on the composite scaffolds. The uniform pore structure and the excellent mechanical properties of the HAp/CS composite scaffolds likely resulted from the use of the AG solution at pH 10 as a dispersant for the nano-HAp powders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Lee
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 152-742, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gil-Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 152-742, South Korea; Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-no, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 152-742, South Korea; Department of Craniomaxillofacial Reconstructive Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-no, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Do-Gyoon
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 302L Roberts Hall, WA 98195-2120, USA.
authors.forename: Miqin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea. Electronic address: djkim@sejong.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dae-Joon
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001846:Bone Development; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Alginate; Bone tissue engineering; Chitosan; Hydroxyapatite; Porous scaffold