title: 1H NMR Spectroscopy and MVA Analysis of Diplodus sargus Eating the Exotic Pest Caulerpa cylindracea.
abstract: The green alga Caulerpa cylindracea is a non-autochthonous and invasive species that is severely affecting the native communities in the Mediterranean Sea. Recent researches show that the native edible fish Diplodus sargus actively feeds on this alga and cellular and physiological alterations have been related to the novel alimentary habits. The complex effects of such a trophic exposure to the invasive pest are still poorly understood. Here we report on the metabolic profiles of plasma from D. sargus individuals exposed to C. cylindracea along the southern Italian coast, using 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis, PCA, Orthogonal Partial Least Square, PLS, and Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis, OPLS-DA). Fish were sampled in two seasonal periods from three different locations, each characterized by a different degree of algal abundance. The levels of the algal bisindole alkaloid caulerpin, which is accumulated in the fish tissues, was used as an indicator of the trophic exposure to the seaweed and related to the plasma metabolic profiles. The profiles appeared clearly influenced by the sampling period beside the content of caulerpin, while the analyses also supported a moderate alteration of lipid and choline metabolism related to the Caulerpa-based diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. sandra.depascali@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: De Pascali
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. laura.delcoco@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Del Coco
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. serena.felline@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Felline
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy. emollo@icb.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mollo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. antonio.terlizzi@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terlizzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. fp.fanizzi@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Francesco P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Fanizzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046068:Caulerpa; D020387:Food Chain; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010473:Perciformes / Q000502:physiology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; C000392:caulerpin
keywords: Caulerpa cylindracea; Diplodus sargus; NMR spectroscopy; OPLS; OPLS-DA; PCA; fish plasma; metabolic status; multivariate analysis