title: [Physical activity in patients with symptoms of metabolic syndrome reduces the concentration of plasma antioxidant vitamins - protective effect of vitamin C].
abstract: Patients with cardiovascular diseases, including those with the symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MS), are recommended regular exercise but many studies indicate its role in the production of reactive oxygen species. Vitamin C supplementation may enhance the antioxidant barrier in MS patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess the impact of regular physical activity (PA)and vitamin C supplementation on plasma vitamin A, C and E levels in patients with MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 62 patients with MS according to International Diabetes Federation criteria, 32 men and 30 women, aged 38-57 years (mean age 51,24 ± 5,29 years). The patients were divided in two groups: group I (MS+PA) - 31 patients with recommended regular physical activity; group II ( MS+PA+C) - 31 patients with recommended regular physical activity and vitamin C supplementation per os. The control group consisted of 23 healthy individuals without MS, 17 men and 6 women, aged 49-56 years (mean age 53,21 ± 3,6 years), who were not recommended any vitamin supplementation nor physical activity. Plasma vitamin A, C and E levels were estimated in MS patients with spectrophotometry using T60V spectrophotometer (PG Instruments) before and after regular exercise with and without vitamin C supplementation. In the control group plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins were assessed only once.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma vitamin A, C and E levels were significantly lower (p<0,05) in MS patients than in the control group. After 6 weeks of regular physical activity a significant fall in plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins was observed in MS patients. In the group of patients with regular physical activity and vitamin C supplementation there was detected a significant rise in the level of all the tested vitamins close to the levels in control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular physical activity enhances the decrease in plasma antioxidant vitamin level in patients with MS. Vitamin C supplementation conducted in parallel with regular physical activity normalize plasma vitamin A, C and E levels in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Lodz, Poland: Department of Hygiene of Nutrition and Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godala
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Lodz, Poland: Department of Internal Diseases and Nephrodiabetology.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Materek-Kuśmierkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Lodz, Poland: Department of Internal Diseases and Nephrodiabetology.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moczulski
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Lodz, Poland: Department of Military Toxicology and Radiological Protection.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutkowski
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Lodz, Poland: Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion.
authors.forename: Franciszek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Szatko
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Lodz, Poland: Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion.
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaszyńska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Subcarpatian Centre of Pulmonary Diseases in Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokarski
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Lodz, Poland: Department of Internal and Infectious Diseases;
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowalski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000502:physiology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: antioxidative vitamins; avitamin C supplementation; metabolic syndrome; oxidative stress; physical activity