title: Support for the beam focusing hypothesis in the false killer whale.
abstract: The odontocete sound production system is complex and composed of tissues, air sacs and a fatty melon. Previous studies suggested that the emitted sonar beam might be actively focused, narrowing depending on target distance. In this study, we further tested this beam focusing hypothesis in a false killer whale. Using three linear arrays of hydrophones, we recorded the same emitted click at 2, 4 and 7 m distance and calculated the beamwidth, intensity, center frequency and bandwidth as recorded on each array at every distance. If the whale did not focus her beam, acoustics predicts the intensity would decay with range as a function of spherical spreading and the angular beamwidth would remain constant. On the contrary, our results show that as the distance from the whale to the array increases, the beamwidth is narrower and the received click intensity is higher than that predicted by a spherical spreading function. Each of these measurements is consistent with the animal focusing her beam on a target at a given range. These results support the hypothesis that the false killer whale is 'focusing' its sonar beam, producing a narrower and more intense signal than that predicted by spherical spreading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Brown University and University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 185 Meeting St Box G-LN, Providence, RI 02912, USA laurakloepper@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Laura N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kloepper
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Brown University and University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 185 Meeting St Box G-LN, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Brown University and University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 185 Meeting St Box G-LN, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Brown University and University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 185 Meeting St Box G-LN, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander Ya
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Supin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Brown University and University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 185 Meeting St Box G-LN, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Jason E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gaudette
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Brown University and University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 185 Meeting St Box G-LN, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Nachtigall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004289:Dolphins / Q000502:physiology*; D004455:Echolocation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D013016:Sound
keywords: Biosonar; Echolocation; Odontocetes; Whale