title: Autogenous Metallic Pipe Leak Repair in Potable Water Systems.
abstract: Copper and iron pipes have a remarkable capability for autogenous repair (self-repair) of leaks in potable water systems. Field studies revealed exemplars that metallic pipe leaks caused by nails, rocks, and erosion corrosion autogenously repaired, as confirmed in the laboratory experiments. This work demonstrated that 100% (N = 26) of 150 μm leaks contacting representative bulk potable water in copper pipes sealed autogenously via formation of corrosion precipitates at 20-40 psi, pH 3.0-11.0, and with upward and downward leak orientations. Similar leaks in carbon steel pipes at 20 psi self-repaired at pH 5.5 and 8.5, but two leaks did not self-repair permanently at pH 11.0 suggesting that water chemistry may control the durability of materials that seal the leaks and therefore the permanence of repair. Larger 400 μm holes in copper pipes had much lower (0-33%) success of self-repair at pH 3.0-11.0, whereas all 400 μm holes in carbon steel pipes at 20 psi self-repaired at pH 4.0-11.0. Pressure tests indicated that some of the repairs created at 20-40 psi ambient pressure could withstand more than 100 psi without failure. Autogenous repair has implications for understanding patterns of pipe failures, extending the lifetime of decaying infrastructure, and developing new plumbing materials.
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Durham Hall 418, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Durham Hall 418, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
authors.forename: Simoni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Triantafyllidou
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Durham Hall 418, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003343:Corrosion; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D012498:Sanitary Engineering; D013232:Steel; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D013232:Steel; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron