title: Cyclin E is overexpressed by clear cell carcinomas of the endometrium and is a prognostic indicator of survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Upregulation of cyclin E and cyclin D1-6 accelerates the transition from G1 to S phase. The objective of this study was to determine if cyclin D1 and E are prognostic indicators in endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgically-treated patients with endometrial carcinoma had their tumors stained for nuclear expression of cyclin D1 and E. Quantification of staining and measurement of growth phase fraction were performed using image analysis. FIGO stage, grade, and histology were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclin D1 and E expression was unrelated to DNA index (p = 0.93). While cyclin D1 expression did not correlate with S+G2M phase fraction (p = 0.69), increased cyclin E expression was directly correlated with increased S+G2M phase fraction (p = 0.002). Cyclin E expression was highest in clear cell carcinomas (p = 0.042) while cyclin D1 expression was highest in adenosquamous carcinomas (p = 0.028). Patients dying from cancer had significantly higher expression of cyclin D1 (p = 0.042) and E (p = 0.02) as compared to patients surviving their disease. Multivariate logistic regression revealed FIGO stage, grade, and lack of cyclin E overexpression to be independent prognostic indicators of survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclin E expression is related to increased growth fraction, clear cell histology, and decreased survival in patients with endometrial cancer.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zapiecki
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Manahan
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Geisler
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000032:analysis*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D019927:Cyclin E; D019938:Cyclin D1