title: Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis in the Knee: A Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) is a 1-step cartilage restoration technique that combines microfracture with the use of an exogenous scaffold. This matrix covers and mechanically stabilizes the clot. There have been an increasing number of studies performed related to the AMIC technique and an update of its use and results is warranted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the PubMed database, a literature search was performed using the terms "AMIC" or "Autologous Matrix Induced Chondrogenesis." A total of 19 basic science and clinical articles were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten studies that were published on the use of AMIC for knee chondral defects were identified and the results of 219 patients were analyzed. The improvements in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective, Lysholm and Tegner scores at 2 years were comparable to the published results from autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and matrix ACI techniques for cartilage repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our systematic review of the current state of the AMIC technique suggests that it is a promising 1-stage cartilage repair technique. The short-term clinical outcomes and magnetic resonance imaging results are comparable to other cell-based methods. Further studies with AMIC in randomized studies versus other repair techniques such as ACI are needed in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yee Han Dave
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Centre for Hip, Knee & Foot Surgery, ATOS Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ferzan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Hip, Knee & Foot Surgery, ATOS Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hajo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thermann
keywords: autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC); cartilage; microfracture