title: Quercetin and Resveratrol Decrease the Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses in Human Ocular Surface Epithelial Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of quercetin (QCT) and/or resveratrol (RES) on human conjunctival (IOBA-NHC) and corneal (HCE) epithelial cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  IOBA-NHC and HCE cells were treated with QCT (0.5-25 μM), RES (0.5-50 μM) and a low-dose mixture of QCT (0.5 μM) and RES (5 μM) (QCT+RES) and stimulated with either TNF-α or ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation. Cytokine production (IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, and VEGF) was analyzed by an immune bead-based array, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by a H2DCF-DA dye assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stimulation of IOBA-NHC and HCE cells with TNF-α induced an increase of IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10 secretion in both cell lines. Quercetin and RES decreased IL-6 and IP-10 secretion in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. Interleukin-8 secretion was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by QCT in HCE, but only at 20 and 25 μM QCT and 50 μM RES in IOBA-NHC and at 50 μM RES in HCE. QCT+RES decreased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) in IOBA-NHC cells. Ultraviolet-B induced a significant increase of ROS in both cell lines (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 for IOBA-NHC and HCE cells, respectively), which was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner by QCT and RES in HCE cells. Reactive oxygen species production in IOBA-NHC cells was inhibited (P < 0.05) by 50 μM RES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quercetin and RES have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on IOBA-NHC and HCE cells. These in vitro data suggest that both polyphenols may have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory ocular surface diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain 2Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abengózar-Vela
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain 2Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calonge
authors.affiliation: Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Program, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California, United States.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain 2Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: González-García
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain 2Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enríquez-De-Salamanca
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000378:metabolism; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D013267:Stilbenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D011794:Quercetin; D000077185:Resveratrol