title: Ulipristal Acetate Antagonizes the Inhibitory Effect of Progesterone on Ciliary Beat Frequency and Upregulates Steroid Receptor Expression Levels in Human Fallopian Tubes.
abstract: Ulipristal acetate (UPA) is a new selective progesterone receptor (PR) modulator used for emergency contraception. However, our understanding of its mechanisms of action on oviductal cilia is limited. The present study focused on the in vitro effects of UPA (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/L) on the cilia and steroid receptors of human fallopian tubes. The ciliary beat frequency (CBF), the ultrastructure of cilia, and the levels of steroid receptors were measured. The effects of UPA on the progesterone-induced CBF reduction were also studied. Our results show that UPA dose dependently antagonizes the progesterone-induced CBF decrease, but it does not affect the CBF or the ultrastructure of the cilia. The UPA also upregulates the expression levels of the estrogen receptor α and the PR in the fallopian tubes. The results enable us to better understand the mechanisms by which UPA works as an emergency contraceptive and provides a scientific basis for its clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital/School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiangjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital/School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital/School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Mingxing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital/School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Minhang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guojuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital/School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital/School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China zhangjian_ipmch@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003281:Contraceptives, Postcoital / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009068:Movement; D009649:Norpregnadienes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D003281:Contraceptives, Postcoital; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D009649:Norpregnadienes; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D011374:Progesterone; C555622:ulipristal acetate
keywords: ciliary beat frequency; human fallopian tube; steroid receptors; ulipristal acetate