title: A green capillary zone electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of piperacillin, tazobactam and cefepime in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma.
abstract: A green, novel, rapid, accurate and reliable capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of piperacillin, tazobactam and cefepime in pharmaceutical preparations. Separation was carried out using fused silica capillary (50 µm i.d. × 48.6 cm and 40.2 cm detection length) and applied potential of 20 kV (positive polarity) and a running buffer containing 15 m m sodium borate buffer adjusted to pH 9.3 with UV detection at 215 nm. Amoxicillin was used as an internal standard. The method was suitably validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The method showed good linearity in the ranges of 10-100, 20-400 and 10-400 µg/mL with limits of quantitation of 1.87, 3.17 and 6.97 µg/mL and limits of detection of 0.56, 0.95 and 2.09 µg/mL for tazobactam, piperacillin and cefepime, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of these drugs in their synthetic mixtures and co-formulated injection vials. The method was extended to the in vitro determination of the two drugs in spiked human plasma. It is considered a 'green' method as it consumes no organic solvents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences - Al Faisaliah Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amirah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Attas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Jenny Jeehan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-7315
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nahed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El-Enany
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fathalla
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Belal
mesh_terms: D000077723:Cefepime; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D004304:Dosage Forms; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000078142:Tazobactam
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D004304:Dosage Forms; D000077723:Cefepime; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D000078142:Tazobactam; D010878:Piperacillin
keywords: capillary zone electrophoresis; cefepime; human plasma; piperacillin; tazobactam