title: Diabetic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets.
abstract: Diabetes is a worldwide epidemic that has led to a rise in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Over the past two decades, there has been significant clarification of the various pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of DKD. Nonetheless, very little has changed in the way clinicians manage patients with this disorder. Indeed, treatment is primarily centered on controlling hyperglycemia and hypertension and inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of how the hemodynamic, metabolic, inflammatory, and alternative pathways are all entangled in pathogenesis of DKD and detail the various therapeutic targets that may one day play a role in quelling this epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Suite 416, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toth-Manikowski
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Suite 416, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Atta
mesh_terms: D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*