title: Cochlear implantation in irradiated tympanojugular paraganglioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Indications for cochlear implantation have extended progressively over the years both from an audiological and clinical point of view, including the introduction of cochlear implants (CI) for hearing rehabilitation following skull base surgeries and neurotological procedures. In the past, cochlear implantation has been used for hearing rehabilitation in radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss in nasopharyngeal and tonsillar carcinoma with successful outcomes. Here we describe a similar outcome following total deafness after tympanojugular paraganglioma irradiation, which is also the first such report in literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  The irradiated ear of this patient was implanted with a CI through standard posterior tympanotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 26 year old male with multiple paragangliomas with bilateral deafness, secondary to surgery on one ear and radiotherapy for the opposite ear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a follow-up of 48 months, no local complications have occurred and the hearing results have remained stable with 100% sentence recognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral and multiple paragangliomas are rare tumors. Despite the modality of treatment, the hearing is almost always compromised. In these patients, cochlear implantation offers a new perspective for hearing restoration. This report demonstrates that cochlear implantation can be effectively performed after tympanojugular paraganglioma irradiation with long-lasting, satisfactory results, even in the presence of residual tumor.
authors.affiliation: a * Otolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid , Spain.|b Gruppo Otologico Piacenza-Roma , Italy.
authors.forename: María del Mar
authors.initials: Mdel M
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: b Gruppo Otologico Piacenza-Roma , Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piccirillo
authors.affiliation: b Gruppo Otologico Piacenza-Roma , Italy.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'orazio
authors.affiliation: c Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Otolaryngology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma , Parma , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacciu
authors.affiliation: b Gruppo Otologico Piacenza-Roma , Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.affiliation: b Gruppo Otologico Piacenza-Roma , Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001302:Audiometry, Speech; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D004428:Ear Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D004432:Ear, Middle; D006312:Hearing Loss, Bilateral / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cochlear implant; paraganglioma; radiotherapy; tympanojugular