title: Association of oxidative stress biomarkers with adiposity and clinical staging in women with breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breast cancer is a disease characterised by both oxidative reactions and inflammation. However, few studies have focused on the oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between oxidative stress markers and adiposity and clinical staging, as well as the association between the oxidative and the antioxidant biomarkers of women with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 135 cases of breast cancer occurring in 2011 and 2012 were assessed. After exclusions, 101 pre- and post-menopausal women with clinical staging I to IV were eligible to participate in the study. The anthropometric evaluation was performed by collecting data on waist circumference, body mass index and body composition. The socioeconomic and clinical profiles were determined using a standard questionnaire. For the oxidative biomarkers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), low-density lipoprotein(-) (LDL(-)), autoantibody anti-LDL(-) and liposoluble antioxidants (α-tocopherol, retinol and β-carotene) were analysed. The data were analysed using differences in the mean values, correlation tests and multiple linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antioxidant levels were higher in postmenopausal women with clinical staging I and II and negative lymph nodes. The TBARS level was associated with clinical staging. Adiposity was associated with levels of retinol and 8-OHdG, whereas LDL(-), 8-OHdG and TBARS were correlated with liposoluble antioxidants after adjusting for the confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adiposity and clinical staging of patients were associated with oxidative stress. The oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers showed a negative correlation in patients with breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A A F
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Carioca
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.|Nutrition course, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: S M M L
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Verde
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Luzia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: P H C
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rondó
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M R D O
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Latorre
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: T H P
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ellery
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: N R T
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Damasceno
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017698:Postmenopause; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol