title: Effects of temperature change and beverage on mechanical and tribological properties of dental restorative composites.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature change and immersion in two common beverages on the mechanical and tribological properties for three different types of dental restorative materials. Thermocycling procedure was performed for simulating temperature changes in oral conditions. Black tea and soft drink were considered for beverages. Universal composite, universal nanohybrid composite and universal nanofilled composite, were used as dental materials. The nanoindentation and nanoscratch experiments were utilized to determine the elastic modulus, hardness, plasticity index and wear resistance of the test specimens. The results showed that thermocycling and immersion in each beverage had different effects on the tested dental materials. The mechanical and tribological properties of nanohybrid composite and nanocomposite were less sensitive to temperature change and to immersion in beverages in comparison with those of the conventional dental composite.
authors.affiliation: Fatigue and Fracture Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16846, Iran. Electronic address: m.ayat@iust.ac.ir.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ayatollahi
authors.affiliation: Center for Composite, Institute for Vehicle System and Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Yazid
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yahya
authors.affiliation: Fatigue and Fracture Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16846, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karimzadeh
authors.affiliation: Fatigue and Fracture Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16846, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikkhooyifar
authors.affiliation: Center for Composite, Institute for Vehicle System and Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Amran
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayob
mesh_terms: D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006244:Hardness; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D013499:Surface Properties; D013662:Tea; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D013662:Tea
keywords: Beverage effect; Dental restorative materials; Nanoindentation experiment; Nanoscratch experiment; Thermocycling effect