title: Stance limb ground reaction forces in high functioning stroke and healthy subjects during gait initiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following stroke, little is known about ground reaction forces during gait initiation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare stroke patients' with healthy subjects' anterior, medial, and lateral ground reaction forces generated during gait initiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with left paresis, right paresis, and age-similar healthy subjects were recruited. During gait initiation the average peak anterior, medial, and lateral ground reaction forces acting on each lower limb were calculated when it was the stance limb.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anterior ground reaction forces acting on the right and left stance limbs of healthy subjects were greater than anterior forces acting on the nonparetic and paretic limbs of stroke patients. Medial ground reaction forces for the nonparetic and paretic limbs of stroke patients and for the right and left stance limbs of healthy subjects were equivalent. While lateral ground reaction forces acting on the nonparetic and paretic limbs were equivalent for left paretic patients, for right paretic patients lateral forces acting on the nonparetic limb were greater compared to the paretic limb and also greater compared to the left limb of healthy subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An effect of side-of-lesion was revealed in average peak lateral ground reaction force data. Larger lateral ground reaction forces acting on the left nonparetic stance limb of right paretic patients compared to the right nonparetic stance limb of left paretic patients during gait initiation may be an indication of differing adaptations that depend on the side-of-lesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 New Zealand; Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience, Northwestern University, 320 East Superior St., Morton Building 1-645, Chicago, IL 60611-3010, United States. Electronic address: ssharma@u.northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Sheena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Electronic address: a.mcmorland@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Angus J C
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McMorland
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Electronic address: j.stinear@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Stinear
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking
keywords: Gait initiation; Ground reaction forces; Older adults; Stroke