title: Effect by custom-made foot orthoses with added support under the first metatarso-phalangeal joint in hallux limitus patients: Improving on first metatarso-phalangeal joint extension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hallux limitus is one of the most common disorders affecting foot biomechanics. Custom-made foot orthoses can improve the function of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective underlying this study was to test whether custom-made foot orthoses increased the range of mobility of metatarso-phalangeal joint in patients with hallux limitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blinded, and clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of 20 participants (40 feet) diagnosed with hallux limitus. A control group and an experimental group both wore the same custom-made foot orthoses and, in the experimental group, a support element under the first metatarso-phalangeal joint was added to the orthoses. Two measurements were made with both groups: the relaxed position of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint and the maximum extension of the hallux. These measurements were made before first placing the foot orthoses and 6 months after application of the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the experimental group, the results showed an improvement of 4.5° in the relaxed position and 22.2° in the maximum extension being statistically significant (p < 0.001) for both measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Custom-made foot orthoses with added support under the first metatarso-phalangeal joint were proved to be an effective treatment to restore functionality of this joint in hallux limitus patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limitation of hallux movement in the joints propulsive phase of gait negatively affects the biomechanics of the lower extremity, causing changes in the rest of the joins. The use of foot orthoses designed in this study restores range of motion of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.
authors.affiliation: University of Seville, Seville, Spain lgordillo@us.es.
authors.forename: Luis María
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gordillo-Fernández
authors.affiliation: University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Romero
authors.affiliation: University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valero-Salas
authors.affiliation: University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Salcini-Macías
authors.affiliation: University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Salomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benhamu-Benhamu
authors.affiliation: University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-de-la-Peña
authors.affiliation: University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cervera-Marin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D061826:Foot Orthoses; D020857:Hallux Limitus / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hallux limitus; custom-made foot orthoses; first metatarso-phalangeal joint