title: Association of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Polymorphism I180V With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Resistant Hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic polymorphisms on mineralocorticoid receptor gene (NC3C2) are associated with variability of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) function and cardiovascular implications. We sought to investigate whether I180V (rs5522) and MRc.-2G_C (rs2070951) polymorphisms in NR3C2 gene are associated with resistance to antihypertensive treatment and target-organ damage in resistant hypertensive (RHTN) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty-one RHTN and 122 mild to moderate hypertensive (HTN) patients were enrolled in this study. Genotypes were obtained by allelic discrimination assay using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We determined pulse wave velocity (PWV), microalbuminuria, and left ventricular mass index to assess target-organ damage. We compared clinical and laboratorial characteristics of AA vs. G carriers for rs5522 and AC vs. GG vs. CG for rs2070951.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not found differences in allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies for both polymorphisms between HTN and RHTN subjects. We found increased levels of aldosterone and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in G carriers only for rs5522. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was more prevalent in G carriers than AA homozygous for rs5522 but not for rs2070951 in RHTN. On the other hand, microalbuminuria and PWV were similar among genotypes for both polymorphisms. No differences were observed between the haplotypes, except for higher aldosterone concentration in GG compared to AG and AC haplotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that rs5522 polymorphism might affect cardiac remodeling and aldosterone levels in RHTN subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Alessandra Mileni Versuti
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.affiliation: Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Ana Paula Cabral de
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Modolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Natália R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Andréa R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sabbatini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Heverton
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.affiliation: Santa Casa of Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Biagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil;
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Clinical Hospital - Hypertension Section, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tanus-Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Eduardo B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Heitor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000235:genetics*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: C561839:NR3C2 protein, human; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; D000450:Aldosterone
keywords: aldosterone; blood pressure; mineralocorticoid receptor; polymorphism; refractory hypertension; target-organ damage.