title: Evaluation of a hydrophobic gel adhering to the gingiva in comparison with a standard water-soluble 1% chlorhexidine gel after scaling and root planing in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis. A randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical, microbiological and enzymatic activity of a hydrophobic chlorhexidine-based gingiva-adhering gel containing herbal ingredients, compared with a commercially available 1% chlorhexidine water-soluble gel, during non-surgical therapy of moderate chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 34 subjects participated in this 6-month blinded randomized parallel controlled trial (ISRCTN35210084). After scaling and root planing (SRP), test group received the gel, by rubbing on the gingiva, once every second day, for 14 days. The control group received the control gel twice daily. Clinical parameters considered were the approximal plaque index, simplified oral hygiene index, modified gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level (primary outcome), assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months, together with the frequency of detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola (T.d.), Tannerella forsythia (T.f.), and activity of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase (secondary outcomes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3 and 6 months, all clinical parameters improved significantly, without significant intergroup differences, except OHI-S, which improved at 3 months (P < 0.05). Microbiological data resulted in no significant intergroup differences at baseline and 6 months. At 3 months, significant differences for P.g., T.f. and T.d. were noted. A significant reduction of neutrophil elastase after 3 and 6 months was observed (P < 0.005), without significant intergroup differences. For myeloperoxidase, significant reductions were noted in both groups (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05), but no significant intergroup differences. The tested product seemed to have an increased efficacy, due to longer persistence on the gingiva, with reduced application frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both products had a relatively similar influence on the clinical, microbiological and enzymatic outcomes at 3 and 6 months after SRP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rusu
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
authors.forename: S-I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Stratul
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarbu
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anghel
authors.affiliation: Department of Embryology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Didilescu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jentsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D009195:Peroxidase; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: chlorhexidine; gel; clinical trial; microbiology; periodontitis