title: Resting-state EEG, impulsiveness, and personality in daily and nondaily smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resting EEG is sensitive to transient, acute effects of nicotine administration and abstinence, but the chronic effects of smoking on EEG are poorly characterized. This study measures the resting EEG profile of chronic smokers in a non-deprived, non-peak state to test whether differences in smoking behavior and personality traits affect pharmaco-EEG response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting EEG, impulsiveness, and personality measures were collected from daily smokers (n=22), nondaily smokers (n=31), and non-smokers (n=30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daily smokers had reduced resting delta and alpha EEG power and higher impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) compared to nondaily smokers and non-smokers. Both daily and nondaily smokers discounted delayed rewards more steeply, reported lower conscientiousness (NEO-FFI), and reported greater disinhibition and experience seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale) than non-smokers. Nondaily smokers reported greater sensory hedonia than nonsmokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altered resting EEG power in daily smokers demonstrates differences in neural signaling that correlated with greater smoking behavior and dependence. Although nondaily smokers share some characteristics with daily smokers that may predict smoking initiation and maintenance, they differ on measures of impulsiveness and resting EEG power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resting EEG in non-deprived chronic smokers provides a standard for comparison to peak and trough nicotine states and may serve as a biomarker for nicotine dependence, relapse risk, and recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. Electronic address: rasso@indiana.edu.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rass
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. Electronic address: wooyoung.ahn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Woo-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address: bodonnel@indiana.edu.
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anhedonia; Delay discounting; EEG; Impulsiveness; Personality; Smoking