title: Lipopolysaccharide stimulation upregulated Toll-like receptor 4 expression in chicken cerebellum.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in innate and adaptive immune responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is responsible for the recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in different parts of central nervous system of many vertebrates. To better understand the functions of TLR4 in cerebellum of chicken, present study was designed to identify the cell types that express TLR4 during postnatal stages as well as the changes in its expression in response to LPS challenge. For this purpose, cerebella were collected from chicken aged 1, 14 and 40 days (n=7 in each group) to analyze TLR4 distribution pattern. The cerebella from 14 chickens injected with LPS or sterilizing saline were also collected at Day 14 (n=7 in each group) to investigate changes in TLR4 expression. This expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using an anti-TLR4 antibody. TLR4 was constitutively expressed in the Purkinje cell layer, pia mater, neurons in medulla and blood vessels in the cerebellum and LPS stimulation significantly up-regulated TLR4 expression on Day 14 in the chicken cerebellum. This study provides evidence that neurons in chicken cerebellum can express TLR4 in vivo and suggests that these neurons may play an important role in initiating a defense reaction via activation of TLR4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS), Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdur Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Yao
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Mei
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China. Electronic address: lhz219@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua-Zhen
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: Cerebellum; Chicken; Innate immunity; Lipopolysaccharide; Toll-like receptor 4