title: Catheter-related blood stream infection caused by Dermacoccus barathri, representing the first case of Dermacoccus infection in humans.
abstract: A 7-year-old boy undergoing home parenteral nutrition with totally implantable central venous access device for chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction experienced repeated episodes of fever with a temperature above 39.0 °C despite the antibiotic treatment. The fever was considered to be catheter-related blood stream infections, as no other etiology could be justified. Repeated blood culture tests revealed negative after 1-week incubation, whereas some samples of blood collected from the central venous catheter yielded positive and gram-positive rods were detected. These bacteria were detected repeatedly, then the central venous access device was removed with consideration for the possibility of this bacteria being a pathogen. Thereafter, the fever did not recur and the blood culture tests were negative. The causative agent was identified as Dermacoccus barathri based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis of 6118-bp concatenated sequences of 4 housekeeping genes. Genus Dermacoccus are one form of Actinomycetes isolated from human skin and water, but human infection with Dermacoccus spp. has not been previously reported and the pathogenicity of the bacteria remains unclear. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Dermacoccus infection in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. Electronic address: m-shinjo@z2.keio.jp.
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinjoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.affiliation: Central Clinical Laboratory, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Control Science, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
keywords: Catheter-related blood stream infection; Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction; Dermacoccus barathri; Ethanol lock therapy; Sepsis