title: Combined Nonmydriatic Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Nonmydriatic Fundus Photography for the Detection of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Changes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonmydriatic fundus photography (FP) has been a suboptimal tool for detecting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) changes. This study sought to enhance the detection of AMD changes by combining nonmydriatic FP with nonmydriatic spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 249 patients aged 65 years and older who were assessed for AMD changes using standard mydriatic biomicroscopic fundus examination. Each eye then underwent nonmydriatic FP in one session followed 1 week later with nonmydriatic FP coupled with nonmydriatic SD-OCT. Images were interpreted for detection of AMD changes, and findings were compared to the original mydriatic biomicroscopic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonmydriatic FP had 64% sensitivity, 97% specificity, and a kappa value of 0.67 in detecting AMD changes compared with the traditional mydriatic biomicroscopic examination. Combined nonmydriatic FP and nonmydriatic SD-OCT increased sensitivity to 91.5%, specificity to 98.6%, and kappa to 0.91.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of nonmydriatic SD-OCT to nonmydriatic FP enhances the detection of AMD changes.
authors.forename: Haytham I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Salti
authors.forename: Rafic S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Antonios
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Rola N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hamam
authors.forename: Ziad F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Bashshur
authors.forename: Nicola G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ghazi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010781:Photography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics