title: The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: II. Impact of short term calorie and protein restriction on circulating hormone levels, glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress in male C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: Limiting food intake attenuates many of the deleterious effects of aging, impacting upon healthspan and leading to an increased lifespan. Whether it is the overall restriction of calories (calorie restriction: CR) or the incidental reduction in macronutrients such as protein (protein restriction: PR) that mediate these effects is unclear. The impact of 3 month CR or PR, (10 to 40%), on C57BL/6 mice was compared to controls fed ad libitum. Reductions in circulating leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were relative to the level of CR and individually associated with morphological changes but remained unchanged following PR. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved following CR but not affected by PR. There was no indication that CR had an effect on oxidative damage, however CR lowered antioxidant activity. No biomarkers of oxidative stress were altered by PR. CR significantly reduced levels of major urinary proteins suggesting lowered investment in reproduction. Results here support the idea that reduced adipokine levels, improved insulin/IGF-1 signaling and reduced reproductive investment play important roles in the beneficial effects of CR while, in the short-term, attenuation of oxidative damage is not applicable. None of the positive effects were replicated with PR.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delville
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Penelope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konstantopedos
authors.affiliation: Mammalian Behaviour & Evolution Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Davina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Derous
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Luonan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jackie J D
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yingchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel E L
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Promislow
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lusseau
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.|State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Speakman
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006706:Homeostasis; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Gerotarget; adipokines; calorie restriction; glucose homeostasis; oxidative stress; protein restriction