title: Metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 predicts poor outcomes in patients with breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) expression is a prognostic marker in breast cancer and to demonstrate the potential correlation between MACC1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining with anti-MACC1 and phospho-p44/42 MAPK antibodies was performed in 198 invasive breast carcinomas using tissue microarray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of MACC1 was detected in 109 (55.1%) of 198 invasive breast carcinomas. MACC1 expression was significantly higher in the metastatic relapse-positive group (87.8%, 36/41) than in the metastatic relapse-negative group (46.5%, 73/157) (p < 0.001). MACC1 expression was significantly correlated with phospho-p44/42 MAPK expression (p < 0.05). On univariate analysis a significant association was observed between MACC1 expression and decreased disease-free survival (p < 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis MACC1 expression was one of the statistically significant independent risk factors for disease-free survival (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MACC1 may serve as a new parameter for the prognostic prediction in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. MACC1 is likely to be involved in the regulation of MAPK cascades in invasive breast carcinoma.
authors.forename: Ga-Eon
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Shin
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jung Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C544162:MACC1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C478359:WDR77 protein, human; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1