title: PRL-3 promotes migration and invasion and is associated with poor prognosis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PRL-3 had been found to be involved in tumorigenesis in various malignancies. In this study, we investigated the role of PRL-3 in the development, migration, and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyze the role of PRL-3 in the development and prognosis of SACC. Then, we overexpressed or inhibited the expression of PRL-3 in paired SACC cells to analyze the role of PRL-3 in the migration and invasion of SACC. In vitro migration and invasion assays were used. Western blotting was used to detect metastasis-related protein levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IHC results confirmed that the deregulation of PRL-3 was a frequent event in SACC; the upregulation of PRL-3 was related to clinical stages, vital status, and distant metastasis, which was associated with reduced overall survival and disease-free survival. SACC-LM cells with higher migratory and invasive abilities had more robust PRL-3 protein expression than SACC-83 cells with lower migratory and invasive abilities. PRL-3 overexpression promoted cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, led to simultaneous upregulation of phosphorylated PRL-3, pERK1/2, Slug, vimentin, and downregulation of E-cadherin in SACC-83 cells. However, the inhibition of PRL-3 by PRL-3 inhibitor or PRL-3 siRNA in SACC-LM cells inhibited cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, resulted in simultaneous downregulation of phosphorylated PRL-3, pERK1/2, Slug, vimentin, and upregulation of E-cadherin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm that PRL-3 plays an important role in the development of SACC and contributes to the migratory and invasive abilities of SACC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xueqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Boyang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Haihe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Anxun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011379:Prognosis; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C484730:PTP4A3 protein, human; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
keywords: PRL-3; invasion; migration; prognosis; salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma