title: Influence of fish oil supplementation and strength training on some functional aspects of immune cells in healthy elderly women.
abstract: Immune function changes with ageing and is influenced by physical activity (strength training, ST) and diet (fish oil, FO). The present study investigated the effect of FO and ST on the immune system of elderly women. Forty-five women (64 (sd 1.4) years) were assigned to ST for 90 d (ST; n 15), ST plus 2 g/d FO for 90 d (ST90; n 15) or 2 g/d FO for 60 d followed by ST plus FO for 90 d (ST150; n 15). Training was performed three times per week, for 12 weeks. A number of innate (zymosan phagocytosis, lysosomal volume, superoxide anion, peroxide of hydrogen) and adaptive (cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), CD8, TNF-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 produced by lymphocytes) immune parameters were assessed before supplementation (base), before (pre-) and after (post-) training. ST induced no immune changes. FO supplementation caused increased phagocytosis (48 %), lysosomal volume (100 %) and the production of superoxide anion (32 %) and H₂O₂(70 %) in the ST90. Additional FO supplementation (ST150) caused no additive influence on the immune system, as ST150 and ST90 did not differ, but caused greater changes when compared to the ST (P< 0·05). FO increased CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the ST150, which remained unchanged when training was introduced. The combination of ST and FO reduced TNF-α in the ST150 from base to post-test. FO supplementation (ST150, base-pre) when combined with exercise (ST150, pre-post) increased IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 production. The immune parameters improved in response to FO supplementation; however, ST alone did not enhance the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Paraná Federal University, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Rua Coração de Maria,92 - Jardim Botânico,Curitiba,Paraná,Brazil.
authors.forename: Cintia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Lourdes Nahhas Rodacki
authors.affiliation: Paraná Federal University, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Rua Coração de Maria,92 - Jardim Botânico,Curitiba,Paraná,Brazil.
authors.forename: André Luiz Felix
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rodacki
authors.affiliation: Paraná Federal University, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Rua Coração de Maria,92 - Jardim Botânico,Curitiba,Paraná,Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Paraná Federal University, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Rua Coração de Maria,92 - Jardim Botânico,Curitiba,Paraná,Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pequito
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education,Paraná Technological Federal University,Curitiba,Paraná,Brazil.
authors.forename: Maressa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: Pelé - Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute,Curitiba,Paraná,Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonatto
authors.affiliation: Paraná Federal University, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Rua Coração de Maria,92 - Jardim Botânico,Curitiba,Paraná,Brazil.
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naliwaiko
authors.affiliation: Paraná Federal University, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Rua Coração de Maria,92 - Jardim Botânico,Curitiba,Paraná,Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Cláudio
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Fish oil; Immune system; Strength training