title: Market implementation of the MVA platform for pre-pandemic and pandemic influenza vaccines: A quantitative key opinion leader analysis.
abstract: A quantitative method is presented to rank strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) as a platform for pre-pandemic and pandemic influenza vaccines. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to achieve pairwise comparisons among SWOT factors in order to prioritize them. Key opinion leaders (KOLs) in the influenza vaccine field were interviewed to collect a unique dataset to evaluate the market potential of this platform. The purpose of this study, to evaluate commercial potential of the MVA platform for the development of novel generation pandemic influenza vaccines, is accomplished by using a SWOT and AHP combined analytic method. Application of the SWOT-AHP model indicates that its strengths are considered more important by KOLs than its weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Particularly, the inherent immunogenicity capability of MVA without the requirement of an adjuvant is the most important factor to increase commercial attractiveness of this platform. Concerns regarding vector vaccines and anti-vector immunity are considered its most important weakness, which might lower public health value of this platform. Furthermore, evaluation of the results of this study emphasizes equally important role that threats and opportunities of this platform play. This study further highlights unmet needs in the influenza vaccine market, which could be addressed by the implementation of the MVA platform. Broad use of MVA in clinical trials shows great promise for this vector as vaccine platform for pre-pandemic and pandemic influenza and threats by other respiratory viruses. Moreover, from the results of the clinical trials seem that MVA is particularly attractive for development of vaccines against pathogens for which no, or only insufficiently effective vaccines, are available.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Viroscience Lab, (')s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: baharramezanpour@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramezanpour
authors.affiliation: Viroclinics Biosciences BV., Rotterdam Science Tower, Marconistraat 16, 3029 AK Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: e.s.pronker@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Esther S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Pronker
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Viroscience Lab, (')s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: joostkreijtz@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Joost H C M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kreijtz
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Viroscience Lab, (')s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Androclus Building, Uithof Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.osterhaus@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Albert D M E
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Viroscience Lab, (')s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Androclus Building, Uithof Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: prof.eric.claassen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Claassen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000592:standards; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control; D058873:Pandemics / Q000517:prevention & control; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: Influenza virus; Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA); Pre-pandemic and Pandemic vaccine; Vaccine production platform; Vaccine technology platform; Virus vectored vaccine