title: Biological Activities and Chemical Composition of Methanolic Extracts of Selected Autochthonous Microalgae Strains from the Red Sea.
abstract: Four lipid-rich microalgal species from the Red Sea belonging to three different genera (Nannochloris, Picochlorum and Desmochloris), previously isolated as novel biodiesel feedstocks, were bioprospected for high-value, bioactive molecules. Methanol extracts were thus prepared from freeze-dried biomass and screened for different biological activities. Nannochloris sp. SBL1 and Desmochloris sp. SBL3 had the highest radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and the best copper and iron chelating activities. All species had potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (>50%) and mildly inhibited tyrosinase. Picochlorum sp. SBL2 and Nannochloris sp. SBL4 extracts significantly reduced the viability of tumoral (HepG2 and HeLa) cells with lower toxicity against the non-tumoral murine stromal (S17) cells. Nannochloris sp. SBL1 significantly reduced the viability of Leishmania infantum down to 62% (250 µg/mL). Picochlorum sp. SBL2 had the highest total phenolic content, the major phenolic compounds identified being salicylic, coumaric and gallic acids. Neoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene were identified in the extracts of all strains, while canthaxanthin was only identified in Picochlorum sp. SBL2. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the microalgae included in this work could be used as sources of added-value products that could be used to upgrade the final biomass value.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal. hgpereira@ualg.pt.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal. lcustodio@ualg.pt.
authors.forename: Luísa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Custódio
authors.affiliation: Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal. mary_p@sapo.pt.
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal. carolbrunos@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Carolina Bruno
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal. mmfoliveira@live.com.pt.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal. lbarreir@ualg.pt.
authors.forename: Luísa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal. nunoneng@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nuno da Rosa
authors.initials: Nda R
authors.lastname: Neng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal. jmnogueira@fc.ul.pt.
authors.forename: José Manuel Florêncio
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. salrokayan@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Salman A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Alrokayan
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. fmouffouk@gmail.com.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait. fmouffouk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fouzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mouffouk
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. k_abusalah@hotmail.com.|King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia. k_abusalah@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Abu-Salah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. benhamadou@qu.edu.qa.
authors.forename: Radhouan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ben-Hamadou
authors.affiliation: Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal. jvarela@ualg.pt.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varela
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018533:Biomass; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D019156:Indian Ocean; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002614:Chelating Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008055:Lipids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D000432:Methanol
keywords: BuChE inhibitors; antioxidants; bioprospection; carotenoids; microalgae; oxidative stress; phenolics