title: Effects of volatile organic compounds from Streptomyces albulus NJZJSA2 on growth of two fungal pathogens.
abstract: A Streptomyces albulus strain NJZJSA2 was isolated from the forest soil sample of Tzu-chin Mountain (Nanjing China) and identified based on its morphological and physiological properties and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The strain S. albulus NJZJSA2 was evaluated for the production of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) against two fungal pathogens. Results showed that the VOCs generated by S. albulus NJZJSA2 inhibited mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SS) and Fusarium oxysporum (FO) by 100 and 56.3%, respectively. The germination of SS sclerotia and FO conidia was completely inhibited in the presence of VOCs produced by S. albulus NJZJSA2 in vitro. In soil, the VOCs delayed the germination of SS sclerotia and inhibited the germination of FO conidia for 45 days. The strain S. albulus NJZJSA2 was able to produce 13 VOCs based on GC/MS analyses. Among those, six compounds were purchased and used for the antifungal activity assay. Three relatively abundant VOCs, 4-methoxystyrene, 2-pentylfuran, and anisole were proved to have antifungal activity. Microscopy analysis showed that the pathogen hyphae were shriveled and damaged after treatment with 4-methoxystyrene. These results suggest that the S. albulus strain NJZJSA2 produce VOCs that not only reduce the growth of SS and FO, but also significantly inhibit the SS sclerotia and FO conidia. The results are useful for the better understanding of biocontrol mechanisms by S. albulus strains and will help to improve the biological control efficiency of lethal plant diseases.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yuncheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yaoyao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: E
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Waseem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Qirong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Qiwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000840:Anisoles / Q000378:metabolism; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002681:China; D005663:Furans / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013343:Styrenes / Q000378:metabolism; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000840:Anisoles; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005663:Furans; D013343:Styrenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C534356:4-methoxystyrene; C530101:2-pentylfuran; C060998:anisole
keywords: Fusarium oxysporum; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Streptomyces albulus; Volatile organic compounds