title: Wire-reinforced ureteral stents to rescue from nephrostomy tube in extrinsic ureteral obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ureteral obstruction due to extrinsic compression is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Management options for this condition include renal drainage with percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) or internal ureteral stent placement. A significant portion of patients will have disease progression leading to internal stent obstruction which is almost uniformly managed with PCN. We evaluated a novel, wire-reinforced internal ureteral stent as an alternative to PCN in those patients who fail initial internal ureteral stent placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with extrinsic ureteral obstruction that failed conventional plastic internal ureteral stent placement and ultimately underwent placement of wire-reinforced internal ureteral stents (Scaffold) at the University of Michigan Health System between 2006-2011. Outcomes assessed included time to Scaffold stent failure and failure free time with Scaffold stent in place.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 8 patients were identified with extrinsic ureteral obstruction that failed initial conventional ureteral stenting and had a Scaffold stent placed. Scaffold stents ultimately failed in 3 out of 8 patients. Mean time to Scaffold stent failure was 197 days (range 20-536). In the remaining 5 patients, mean failure-free time with Scaffold stents in place was 277 days (range 18-774).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scaffold stent placement is a viable alternative to PCN in those patients with extrinsic ureteral obstruction who fail conventional internal ureteral stent placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Casey A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dauw
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Faerber
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hollingsworth
authors.forename: J Stuart
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D012185:Retroperitoneal Fibrosis / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine