title: Experimentally-based multiscale model of the elastic moduli of bovine trabecular bone and its constituents.
abstract: The elastic moduli of trabecular bone were modeled using an analytical multiscale approach. Trabecular bone was represented as a porous nanocomposite material with a hierarchical structure spanning from the collagen-mineral level to the trabecular architecture level. In parallel, compression testing was done on bovine femoral trabecular bone samples in two anatomical directions, parallel to the femoral neck axis and perpendicular to it, and the measured elastic moduli were compared with the corresponding theoretical results. To gain insights on the interaction of collagen and minerals at the nanoscale, bone samples were deproteinized or demineralized. After such processing, the treated samples remained as self-standing structures and were tested in compression. Micro-computed tomography was used to characterize the hierarchical structure of these three bone types and to quantify the amount of bone porosity. The obtained experimental data served as inputs to the multiscale model and guided us to represent bone as an interpenetrating composite material. Good agreement was found between the theory and experiments for the elastic moduli of the untreated, deproteinized, and demineralized trabecular bone.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: eevdokim@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Novitskaya
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jasiuk
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKittrick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002417:Cattle; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Demineralization; Deproteinization; Elastic moduli; Micro-computed tomography; Multiscale modeling; Trabecular bone