title: Long-Term Outcome of the Pippi Salle Procedure for Intractable Urinary Incontinence in Patients with Severe Intrinsic Urethral Sphincter Deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the long-term outcome of the Pippi Salle procedure in patients with severe intrinsic urethral sphincter deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed the Pippi Salle procedure in 6 males and 6 females with severe intrinsic sphincter deficiency between March 2003 and August 2013. Median patient age was 15 years (range 6 to 45). Mean followup was 75 months (range 17 to 142). Six males and 3 females had neurogenic intrinsic sphincter deficiency (spina bifida in 8 and spinal cord injury in 1). Three females had anatomical intrinsic sphincter deficiency (idiopathic bladder hypoplasia in 2 and pseudo-ureterocele in 1). Four patients had previously undergone bladder neck surgery, 3 had been treated with endoscopic injection of collagen, 2 had undergone fascial sling and 1 had been treated with tension-free vaginal tape surgery. The Pippi Salle procedure was performed alone (2 patients), or in combination with bladder augmentation (4) or catheterizable abdominal stoma (1), or both (5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete dryness was achieved in 7 patients (58%). Of 9 patients with neurogenic intrinsic sphincter deficiency 7 (78%) achieved complete dryness. Eight patients experienced complications, including continued urinary incontinence (5), difficulty catheterizing per urethra (3) and urinary calculi (1). These 8 patients were successfully treated with additional endoscopic interventions, including injection of collagen in 4, injection of dextranomer-hyaluronic acid in 1, transurethral incision of urethral kink in 3 and vesicolithotripsy in 1. After these simple interventions complete dryness was achieved in all 12 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we experienced some minor complications in the short term, most patients were simply and successfully treated with endoscopic surgery. The long-term results of the Pippi Salle procedure are promising.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University, Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Tochigi, Japan. Electronic address: naka251148@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University, Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiju
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyuga
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University, Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University, Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D053825:Suburethral Slings; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014554:Urination; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: urethra; urinary bladder; urinary incontinence; urologic surgical procedures