title: Physical Activity Measurement Accuracy in Individuals With Chronic Lung Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Method Comparison Studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the accuracy of physical activity measurement strategies in adults with chronic lung disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to September 30, 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies reporting validity data for devices measuring energy expenditure in comparison with indirect calorimetry or doubly labeled water measurements in chronic lung disease were included. Nine publications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cystic fibrosis (CF) from 2294 studies were identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers evaluated studies for quality using a modified version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) checklist and extracted data relating to population, setting, devices, activity protocols, and energy expenditure. Disagreements were resolved by consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies were of high quality, with 8 studies scoring at least 9 out of 11 on the QUADAS checklist. In laboratory-based settings, the SenseWear multisensor accurately estimated energy expenditure during walking compared with indirect calorimetry (pooled mean difference, -0.7 kcal/min; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.5 to 1.1) in COPD, but overestimated it in CF. However, 2 studies in COPD and CF showed the SenseWear multisensor accurately estimated energy expenditure during lifestyle tasks compared with indirect calorimetry (pooled mean difference, .18 kcal/min; 95% CI, -.13 to .49). The Digi-Walker pedometer underestimated energy expenditure compared with indirect calorimetry in COPD (mean difference walking, -2.4 kcal/min; 95% CI -3.4 to -1.1; mean difference lifestyle tasks, -2.3 kcal/min; 95% CI, -2.8 to -1.8). In free-living settings, the ActiReg multisensor accurately measured energy expenditure in COPD (mean difference, -21 kcal/d; 95% CI, -133.9 to 91.9), whereas the Flex Heart Rate Method underestimated energy expenditure in CF (mean difference, -454.1 kcal/d; 95% CI, -727 to -181.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Energy expenditure estimation was accurate from the SenseWear and ActiReg multisensors during laboratory-based and free-living testing. Future studies warrant investigation of activity measures in other lung diseases and in specific ranges of lung disease severity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Satvir S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Carmen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sima
authors.affiliation: Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Ashley R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kirkham
authors.affiliation: Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Nafeez
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: Pat.Camp@hli.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Pat G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Camp
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy / Q000379:methods*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Cystic fibrosis; Exercise; Physical exertion; Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Rehabilitation; Validation studies as topic