title: CHOROIDAL THICKNESS AND VOLUME IN A HEALTHY PEDIATRIC POPULATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH AGE, AXIAL LENGTH, AMETROPIA, AND SEX.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and volume in healthy pediatric individuals using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), as well as its association with age, sex, axial length (AL), and refractive error.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three eyes from 93 healthy pediatric individuals were examined. An Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid was applied to analyze CT and volume map in each of its nine sectors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean subfoveal CT and volume were 314.22 ± 55.48 μm and 0.25 ± 0.04 mm, respectively. The nasal CT and volume of both the inner and the outer rings were significantly lower than the temporal area of the same ring and lower than the subfoveal choroidal thickness. A significant negative correlation between the subfoveal CT and AL (r = -0.250, P = 0.015) and a significant positive correlation between the subfoveal CT and refractive error (r = 0.238, P = 0.006) were found. The estimation of the variation in the subfoveal CT in relationship to the AL was -13.55 μm per millimeter. The variation in the subfoveal CT with refractive error was 7.52 μm per diopter. The estimation of the variation in the total choroidal volume related to the AL and ametropia was, respectively, -0.2354 mm per millimeter and 0.1412 mm per diopter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy pediatric subjects exhibit choroidal differences in refractive error and AL. In the study population, CT and volume show an increase with age after adjusting for AL.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain; †Department of Applied Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; ‡IIS Aragon Health Sciences Institute, Zaragoza, Spain; and §Department of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: Itziar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Perez-Navarro
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Cano
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perez-Garcia
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Remon
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almenara
authors.forename: Constanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caramello
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cristóbal
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pinilla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002829:Choroid / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000473:pathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods