title: Effects of intra-abdominal pressure on adrenal gland function and morphology in rats.
abstract: Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome (IAH/ACS) are life-threatening conditions and caused by several clinical status. Although there is insufficient data regarding its effects on adrenal glands. This study aimed to identify whether elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) caused any alteration on the morphology and function of adrenal glands in a rat model. Twenty four Sprague-Dawley male rats were included in the study. Animals were allocated into 4 groups. IAP was elevated to 15 mmHg for one hour and four hours in group 2 and 4. Group 1 and 3 were sham groups. Blood samples were taken for the assessment of plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, and corticosterone levels and adrenalectomies were performed to evaluate apoptosis. Blood adrenaline, noradrenaline and corticosterone levels were significantly higher in the study groups compared with the sham groups. However, there were no significant changes in apoptotic index scores in the study groups as compared to sham groups. These results support that increased IAH leads to discharge of catecholamine and corticosterone from the adrenal glands. Failure to demonstrate similar changes in apoptotic index score may be concluded as apoptosis is not a leading pathway for impairment of adrenal glands during IAH period.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nezih
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akkapulu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Bulent
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Tirnaksiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kulac
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gaye Guler
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Tezel
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayran
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Bulent
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Dogrul
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erdinc
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cetinkaya
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kaya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yorganci
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D059325:Intra-Abdominal Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D003345:Corticosterone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Intra-abdominal pressure; adrenal gland; apoptosis; experimental study; intra-abdominal hypertension