title: Breath ammonia and ethanol increase in response to a high protein challenge.
abstract: Quantifying changes in ammonia and ethanol in blood and body fluid assays in response to food is cumbersome. We used breath analysis of ammonia, ethanol, hydrogen (an accepted standard of gut transit) and acetone to investigate gastrointestinal physiology. In 30 healthy participants, we measured each metabolite serially over 6 h in control and high protein trials. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA compared treatment (control versus intervention), change from baseline to maximum and interaction of treatment and time change. Interaction was significant for ammonia (p < 0.0001) and hydrogen (p < 0.0001). We describe the dynamic measurement of multiple metabolites in response to an oral challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA .
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Spacek
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mudalel
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lewicki
authors.forename: Frank K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Tittel
authors.forename: Terence H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Risby
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stoltzfus
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Munier
authors.forename: Steven F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Solga
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000032:analysis; D000328:Adult; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001628:Beverages; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis; D007792:Lactulose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D012119:Respiration; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D007792:Lactulose; D000641:Ammonia; D006859:Hydrogen
keywords: Acetone; ammonia; breath metabolites; ethanol; gastrointestinal physiology