title: Skin Sterility After Application of a Vapocoolant Spray Part 2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Refrigerant sprays have been used for pain relief at the time of minor office procedures. However, their sterility remains in question. This study investigates the microbiologic effect of this vapocoolant when sprayed after 70 % isopropyl alcohol skin preparation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 50 healthy volunteers, three skin culture samples were collected: Group 1 prior to alcohol application; Group 2 after preparation with alcohol, and Group 3 after preparation with alcohol followed with vapocoolant spray. Samples were cultured in a blinded fashion and analyzed after 5 days of incubation. Gram staining was performed when cultures were positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial growth was found in 98 % of samples prior to any skin preparation. This was reduced to 54 % after alcohol use (Group 2). Spraying with the skin refrigerant further reduced bacterial growth to 46 % (Group 3). The results showed a significant reduction in the number of positive bacterial cultures following skin preparation with alcohol and when alcohol prep was followed by vapocoolant spray (p < 0.001) compared to initial cultures. No statistical difference was observed between Groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the vapocoolant spray does not compromise the sterility of the skin following alcohol prep. Both 70 % isopropyl alcohol antiseptic preparation and skin preparation followed by vapocoolant spray significantly reduce skin colonization when compared to unprepared skin (p < 0.001).
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A60, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mlynek
authors.forename: Hwang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lyahn
authors.forename: Bryson
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schleicher
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bassiri Gharb
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Procop
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuohy
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult