title: Anatomical Single-bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using a Freehand Transtibial Technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In anatomical single-bundle (SB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the traditional transtibial approach can limit anatomical placement of the femoral tunnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a novel three-point freehand technique that allows for anatomic SB ACL reconstruction with the transtibial technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2012 and December 2012, 55 ACL reconstructions were performed using the three-point freehand technique. All the patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months post-operatively. Clinical evaluation was done using the Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grade. All patients were analyzed by 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) at 1 week after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean Lysholm score improved from 68.2±12.7 points preoperatively to 89.2±8.2 points at final follow-up. At final follow-up, the IKDC grade was normal in 42 patients and nearly normal in 13 patients. None of the patients had a positive pivot shift test, anterior drawer test and Lachman test at final follow-up. The anatomical position of the femoral tunnel was confirmed on 3D CT scans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three-point freehand technique for SB transtibial ACL reconstruction is a simple, anatomic technique showing good clinical results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Wook
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Nha
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hwi
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Barunsesang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Woon
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Gwang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Song
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; Reconstruction; Single-bundle; Transtibial technique