title: Composite bone cements loaded with a bioactive and ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic: Leaching, bioactivity and cytocompatibility.
abstract: In this work, composite bone cements, based on a commercial polymethylmethacrylate matrix (Palamed®) loaded with ferrimagnetic bioactive glass-ceramic particles (SC45), were produced and characterized in vitro. The ferrimagnetic bioactive glass-ceramic belongs to the system SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5-FeO-Fe2O3 and contains magnetite (Fe3O4) crystals into a residual amorphous bioactive phase. Three different formulations (containing 10, 15 and 20 wt.% of glass-ceramic particles respectively) have been investigated. These materials are intended to be applied as bone fillers for the hyperthermic treatment of bone tumors. The morphological, compositional, calorimetric and mechanical properties of each formulation have been already discussed in a previous paper. The in vitro properties of the composite bone cements described in the present paper are related to iron ion leaching test (by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer), bioactivity (i.e. the ability to stimulate the formation of a hydroxyapatite - HAp - layer on their surface after soaking in simulated body fluid SBF) and cytocompatibility toward human osteosarcoma cells (ATCC CRL-1427, Mg63). Morphological and chemical characterizations by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectrometry have been performed on the composite samples after each test. The iron release was negligible and all the tested samples showed the growth of HAp on their surface after 28 days of immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Cells showed good viability, morphology, adhesion, density and the ability to develop bridge-like structures on all investigated samples. A synergistic effect between bioactivity and cell mineralization was also evidenced.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, C. so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: enrica.verne@polito.it.
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verné
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, C. so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, C. so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miola
authors.affiliation: Traumatology Orthopedics and Occupational Medicine Dept., Università di Torino, Via G. Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maina
authors.affiliation: Traumatology Orthopedics and Occupational Medicine Dept., Università di Torino, Via G. Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cochis
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rimondini
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D017886:Durapatite; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; C023506:Glass ceramics; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D017886:Durapatite; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide
keywords: Bone cement; Cell adhesion; Cytocompatibility tests; Ferrimagnetic bioactive glass-ceramics; PMMA