title: Associations Between Attitudes Toward Physical Education and Aerobic Capacity in Hungarian High School Students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to create a physical education (PE) attitude scale and examine how it is associated with aerobic capacity (AC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n = 961, aged 15-20 years) were randomly selected from 26 Hungarian high schools. AC was estimated from performance on the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular and Endurance Run test, and the attitude scale had 31 items measured on a Likert scale that ranged from 1 to 5. Principal component analysis was used to examine the structure of the questionnaire while several 2-way analyses of variance and multiple linear regression (MLR) were computed to examine trends in AC and test the association between component scores obtained from the attitude scale and AC, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five components were identified: health orientation in PE (C1), avoid failure in PE (C2), success orientation in PE (C3), attitude toward physical activity (C4), and cooperation and social experience in PE (C5). There was a statistically significant main effect for sex on C3 (p < .05), C4 (p < .001), and C5 (p < .05) indicating that boys' scores were higher than girls. The Sex × Age interaction was also statistically significant (p < .05) and follow-up comparisons revealed sex differences in C5 for 15-year-old participants. Girls showed statistically significant higher values than boys in C5 at the age of 16 years. MLR results revealed that component scores were significantly associated with AC (p < .05). Statistically significant predictors included C1, C2, C3, and C4 for boys and C2 and C4 for girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 5-component scale seems to be suitable for measuring students' attitudes toward PE. The design of the study does not allow for direct associations between attitudes and AC but suggests that these 2 might be related.
authors.affiliation: a Hungarian School Sport Federation.
authors.forename: Mónika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaj
authors.forename: Pedro F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Saint-Maurice
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karsai
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vass
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Csányi
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Boronyai
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Révész
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001290:Attitude; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012574:Schools; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: attitudes toward physical activity; physical fitness; youth