title: Analysis of methanol and its derivatives in illegally produced alcoholic beverages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Illegal alcohol production remains as a common issue worldwide. Methanol poisoning mostly occurs because of the methanol used in production of counterfeit alcohol instead of ethyl alcohol due to its low price or by drinking the liquids containing methyl alcohol. Pectolytic enzymes results in an increase of methanol levels in many fermentation products such as ciders or wines. Methanol poisonings are infrequently encountered in forensic medicine practice. However, sporadic cases due to methanol intoxication as well as epidemic cases have been reported. In this study, we aimed to identify existence of methanol and its metabolites in illegally produced alcoholic beverages used in Antakya region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve legally produced alcohol samples and Fifty-six different illegally produced alcohol samples were collected from the markets and local producers. Existence of methanol, formic acid, methyl amine, methyl formate and trioxan were determined using GC-MS method in these samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six different illegal alcohol samples were analyzed in this study and methanol was detected in 39 (75%) of samples. Formic acid was detected in 3, formamide in 1, methyl amine in 6, methyl formate in 10 and trioxan in 2 samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overwhelming majority of illegal alcoholic beverages was detected to contain methanol. Interestingly this study also revealed the presence of trioxane, which has not previously reported among toxic agents in illegal alcohol samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Mustafa
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeren
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeki
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: drecepfatih@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dokuyucu
authors.affiliation: Kahramanmaraş Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keten
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Necmi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cekin
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D003415:Crime; D005561:Formates / Q000032:analysis; D005563:Formic Acid Esters / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D000432:Methanol / Q000032:analysis*; D008744:Methylamines / Q000032:analysis; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D005561:Formates; D005563:Formic Acid Esters; D008744:Methylamines; D012997:Solvents; C030544:formic acid; C025468:methyl formate; C027451:methylamine; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Alcohol; Ethanol; Forensic toxicology; GC–MS; Methanol