title: Activities of Daily Living in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: Performance, Learning, and Participation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) face evident motor difficulties in daily functioning. Little is known, however, about their difficulties in specific activities of daily living (ADL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were: (1) to investigate differences between children with DCD and their peers with typical development for ADL performance, learning, and participation, and (2) to explore the predictive values of these aspects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In both a clinical sample of children diagnosed with DCD (n=25 [21 male, 4 female], age range=5-8 years) and a group of peers with typical development (25 matched controls), the children's parents completed the DCDDaily-Q. Differences in scores between the groups were investigated using t tests for performance and participation and Pearson chi-square analysis for learning. Multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the predictive values of performance, learning, and participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with their peers, children with DCD showed poor performance of ADL and less frequent participation in some ADL. Children with DCD demonstrated heterogeneous patterns of performance (poor in 10%-80% of the items) and learning (delayed in 0%-100% of the items). In the DCD group, delays in learning of ADL were a predictor for poor performance of ADL, and poor performance of ADL was a predictor for less frequent participation in ADL compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A limited number of children with DCD were addressed in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the impact of DCD on children's daily lives and the need for tailored intervention.
authors.affiliation: B.W. Van der Linde, PhD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands, and Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Sports Studies, Zernikeplein 17, 9747 AS, Groningen, the Netherlands. Berdienwillemijn@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Berdien W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Van der Linde
authors.affiliation: J.J. van Netten, PhD, Department of Surgery, Hospital Group Twente, Almelo, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jaap J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Netten
authors.affiliation: B. Otten, PhD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Otten
authors.affiliation: K. Postema, PhD, Department for Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation.
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Postema
authors.affiliation: R.H. Geuze, PhD, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen.
authors.forename: Reint H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Geuze
authors.affiliation: M.M. Schoemaker, PhD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences.
authors.forename: Marina M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009426:Netherlands; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires