title: Combining Primary Prevention and Risk Reduction Approaches in Sexual Assault Protection Programming.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The object of this study is to extend prior evaluations of Elemental, a sexual assault protection program that combines primary prevention and risk reduction strategies within a single program.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 2012 and 2013, program group and control group students completed pretest, posttest, and 6-week and 6-month follow-up surveys assessing sexual attitudes and knowledge as well as experiences with assault.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results reinforce previous findings that Elemental is effective in reducing sexual assault risk. Program effects were both direct, in that participation was associated with lower risk of assault, and mediated, in that participation impacted attitudes and beliefs that are empirically linked to risk of later assault.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By combining both primary prevention and risk reduction approaches, Elemental is not only effective at reducing incidences of assault, it is also consistent with a number of recent recommendations for directions in sexual assault prevention programming.
authors.forename: Chadwick
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menning
authors.forename: Mellisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holtzman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D011902:Rape / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: college programming; primary prevention; program assessment; risk reduction; sexual assault