title: Black Currant Anthocyanins Attenuate Weight Gain and Improve Glucose Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice with Intact, but Not Disrupted, Gut Microbiome.
abstract: Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) is a rich source of anthocyanins; however, the relationship between their apparently limited bioavailability and significant protection against metabolic pathologies is poorly understood. This study examined the gastrointestinal distribution of black currant anthocyanins and their phenolic acid metabolites in lean and diet-induced obese mice with healthy and antibiotic-disrupted microbiomes. Daily consumption of low- or high-fat diet supplemented with 1% black currant powdered extract (32% anthocyanins) for 8 weeks reduced body weight gain and improved glucose metabolism only in mice with the intact gut microbiome. Administration of antibiotic cocktail resulted in a 16-25-fold increase (P < 0.001) in anthocyanin content of feces, and cyanidin-based anthocyanins showed the largest increase in fecal content upon disruption of gut microbiome (92.3 ± 16.3 vs 4719 ± 158 μg/g feces), indicating their high susceptibility to microbial degradation in the gut. A 3-fold enrichment (P < 0.05) in gallic over protocatechuic acid was observed in the jejunum of both intact and antibiotic-treated animals, suggesting that this effect was likely independent of their gut microbiome status. Taken together, the data clearly demonstrate that gut microbiome and the type of the anthocyanin aglycone moiety can alter the protective effect of anthocyanins against obesity and associated insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: †Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: †Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.
authors.forename: Thanakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Damsud
authors.affiliation: †Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.
authors.forename: Mickey
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: †Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.affiliation: †Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.|#Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 100 Derieux Place, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strauch
authors.affiliation: †Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.|#Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 100 Derieux Place, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lila
authors.affiliation: †Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.
authors.forename: Slavko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komarnytsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D031965:Ribes / Q000737:chemistry*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005947:Glucose
keywords: functional food; gastrointestinal tract; gut microbiome; inflammation; obesity