title: Robotic ablation of atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an established treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). During PVI an electrical conduction block between pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrium (LA) is created. This conduction block prevents AF, which is triggered by irregular electric activity originating from the PV. However, transmural atrial lesions are required which can be challenging. Re-conduction and AF recurrence occur in 20 - 40% of the cases. Robotic catheter systems aim to improve catheter steerability. Here, a procedure with a new remote catheter system (RCS), is presented. Objective of this article is to show feasibility of robotic AF ablation with a novel system.
  
  
  METHODS
  After interatrial trans-septal puncture is performed using a long sheath and needle under fluoroscopic guidance. The needle is removed and a guide wire is placed in the left superior PV. Then an ablation catheter is positioned in the LA, using the sheath and wire as guide to the LA. LA angiography is performed over the sheath. A circular mapping catheter is positioned via the long sheath into the LA and a three-dimensional (3-D) anatomical reconstruction of the LA is performed. The handle of the ablation catheter is positioned in the robotic arm of the Amigo system and the ablation procedure begins. During the ablation procedure, the operator manipulates the ablation catheter via the robotic arm with the use of a remote control. The ablation is performed by creating point-by-point lesions around the left and right PV ostia. Contact force is measured at the catheter tip to provide feedback of catheter-tissue contact. Conduction block is confirmed by recording the PV potentials on the circular mapping catheter and by pacing maneuvers. The operator stays out of the radiationfield during ablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel catheter system allows ablation with high stability on low operator fluoroscopy exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow; Alexander.Wutzler@charite.de.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wutzler
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wolber
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow.
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haverkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow.
authors.forename: Leif-Hendrik
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Boldt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*