title: The German 19-item version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile: translation and psychometric properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study seeks to develop and validate the 19-item German version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP-G19), an instrument to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 19 items of the original English-language COHIP were translated into German using an established forward-backward approach. For the assessment of the psychometric properties of the COHIP-G19, children and adolescents aged 7-17 years came from two samples: 112 patients were consecutively recruited at a university-based orthodontic clinic and 313 came from a convenience sample of students in public schools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency of the COHIP-G19 was satisfactory in both populations (Cronbach's alpha, 0.78/0.80; average inter-item correlation, 0.16/0.17). The COHIP-G19 summary scores were correlated in the expected direction with a global oral health rating (r = 0.46/0.40) and two measures for perceived general health (EQ-5D-Y: r = 0.26/0.29; KIDSCREEN-27: r = 0.40/0.33). While COHIP-G19 summary scores did not significantly differ with respect to the presence of caries or gingivitis (p > 0.05), malocclusion and insufficient oral hygiene behavior were related to more impaired OHRQoL, represented in significantly lower COHIP-G19 summary scores in students in public schools (p < 0.05), but not in orthodontic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While this study revealed some potential to improve reliability and validity in scores of the German version of the COHIP-19, overall, the study proved the instrument has sufficient psychometric properties and is well comparable to the original English-language version.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The COHIP-G19 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess OHRQoL in German children and adolescents in clinical and community settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany. ira.sierwald@charite.de.
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sierwald
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Mike T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Darius
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sagheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neuschulz
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schüler
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Splieth
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul-Georg
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Jost-Brinkmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.|Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Reissmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009909:Oral Health; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D014175:Translating
keywords: Child oral health impact profile; Children; Oral health-related quality of life; Psychometric properties; Questionnaire; Translation; Validation