title: Issues and challenges for pedestrian active safety systems based on real world accidents.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze real crashes involving pedestrians in order to evaluate the potential effectiveness of autonomous emergency braking systems (AEB) in pedestrian protection. A sample of 100 real accident cases were reconstructed providing a comprehensive set of data describing the interaction between the vehicle, the environment and the pedestrian all along the scenario of the accident. A generic AEB system based on a camera sensor for pedestrian detection was modeled in order to identify the functionality of its different attributes in the timeline of each crash scenario. These attributes were assessed to determine their impact on pedestrian safety. The influence of the detection and the activation of the AEB system were explored by varying the field of view (FOV) of the sensor and the level of deceleration. A FOV of 35° was estimated to be required to detect and react to the majority of crash scenarios. For the reaction of a system (from hazard detection to triggering the brakes), between 0.5 and 1s appears necessary.
authors.affiliation: IFSTTAR, TS2, LMA, F-13300 Salon de Provence, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, IFSTTAR, LBA UMR_T24, F-13016 Marseille, France; Centre for Automotive Safety Research-CASR, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Electronic address: hedi.hamdane@ifsttar.fr.
authors.forename: Hédi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamdane
authors.affiliation: IFSTTAR, TS2, LMA, F-13300 Salon de Provence, France. Electronic address: thierry.serre@ifsttar.fr.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Serre
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Univ, IFSTTAR, LBA UMR_T24, F-13016 Marseille, France. Electronic address: catherine.masson@ifsttar.fr.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Automotive Safety Research-CASR, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Electronic address: robert@casr.adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001336:Automobiles; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003654:Deceleration; D004630:Emergencies; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D000069636:Pedestrians; D011482:Protective Devices; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration*
keywords: AEB systems; Accident reconstruction; Pedestrian detection; Safety performance