title: Urinary excretion of polyols and sugars in children with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The urinary concentrations of monosaccharides and polyols are used for diagnosing inborn errors of metabolism and renal tubular disorders. Reference values are age-related and depend on the method of detection. However, the influence of the renal function is often still neglected. In this study we examined the urinary excretion of monosaccharides and polyols in children with various degrees of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but with no known metabolic or renal tubular disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 25 patients with CKD stage 1-5, urinary concentrations of 18 monosaccharides and polyols were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in random urinary samples and were compared with age-related reference values. Serum creatinine was measured at the time of the urine sample, and the height-independent estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR-Pottel) was calculated. Urinary excretions of monosaccharides and polyols were above the reference values in 8-88% of all patients. A significant difference between CKD stage 1-2 compared with CKD stage 3-5 was found for allose, arabitol and sorbitol (p < 0.05) and for arabinose, fucose, myoinositol, ribitol, xylitol, and xylose (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show that the excretion of polyols and sugars depends on eGFR, which warrants a cautious interpretation of the results in patients with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Growth and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven & Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, vanlede_koen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanlede
authors.forename: Leo A J
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kluijtmans
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monnens
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levtchenko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D065667:Renal Elimination; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D012107:Research Design; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009005:Monosaccharides; D011108:Polymers; C024617:polyol; D003404:Creatinine