title: Paraxial Schematic Eye Models for 7- and 14-Year-Old Chinese Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop three-surface paraxial schematic eyes with different ages and sexes based on data for 7- and 14-year-old Chinese children from the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six sets of paraxial schematic eyes, including 7-year-old eyes, 7-year-old male eyes, 7-year-old female eyes, 14-year-old eyes, 14-year-old male eyes, and 14-year-old female eyes, were developed. Both refraction-dependent and emmetropic eye models were developed, with the former using linear dependence of ocular parameters on refraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2059 grade 1 children (boys 58%) and 1536 grade 8 children (boys 49%) were included, with mean age of 7.1 ± 0.4 and 13.7 ± 0.5 years, respectively. Changes in these schematic eyes with aging are increased anterior chamber depth, decreased lens thickness, increased vitreous chamber depth, increased axial length, and decreased lens equivalent power. Male schematic eyes have deeper anterior chamber depth, longer vitreous chamber depth, longer axial length, and lower lens equivalent power than female schematic eyes. Changes in the schematic eyes with positive increase in refraction are decreased anterior chamber depth, increased lens thickness, decreased vitreous chamber depth, decreased axial length, increased corneal radius of curvature, and increased lens power. In general, the emmetropic schematic eyes have biometric parameters similar to those arising from regression fits for the refraction-dependent schematic eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paraxial schematic eyes of Chinese children may be useful for myopia research and for facilitating comparison with other children with the same or different racial backgrounds and living in different places.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ningli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuehua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Si-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Tian
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Anyang Eye Hospital, Anyang, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Luo-Ru
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Anyang Eye Hospital, Anyang, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Si-Yan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry & Vision Science and Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Atchison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging; D044466:Asian People; D058452:Axial Length, Eye; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D058453:Emmetropia / Q000502:physiology*; D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology