title: The Effects of a High Fat Diet Containing Diacylglycerol on Bone in C57BL/6J Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In epidemiologic and animal studies, a high fat diet (HFD) has been shown to be associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher risk of osteoporotic fractures. Meanwhile, consuming a HFD containing diacylglycerol (DAG) instead of triacylglycerol (TAG) is known to offer metabolically beneficial effects of reductions in body weight and abdominal fat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a HFD containing DAG (HFD-DAG) on bone in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n=39) were divided into three weight-matched groups based on diet type: a chow diet group, a HFD containing TAG (HFD-TAG) group, and a HFD-DAG group. After 20 weeks, body composition and bone microstructure were analyzed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR of bone marrow cells were performed to investigate the expressions of transcription factors for osteogenesis or adipogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HFD-DAG group exhibited lower body weight, higher BMD, and superior microstructural bone parameters, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group showed increased expression of Runx2 and decreased expression of PPARgamma in bone marrow cells, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group also had lower levels of plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride than the HFD-TAG group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to HFD-TAG, HFD-DAG showed beneficial effects on bone and bone metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Zang Hee
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. lsk@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Sung-Kil
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050156:Adipogenesis; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014280:Triglycerides; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: C011439:1,2-diacylglycerol; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004075:Diglycerides; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: High fat diet; bone metabolism; bone mineral density; diacylglycerol; osteoporotic fractures; triacylglycerol