title: Urinary tract infection in children: recurrent infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Up to 11% of girls and 7% of boys will have had a urinary tract infection (UTI) by the age of 16 years, and recurrence of infection is common. Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is identified in up to 40% of children being investigated for a first UTI, and is a risk factor for, but weak predictor of, renal parenchymal defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection in children? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to December 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found three studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following intervention: prophylactic antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Durham, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larcombe
mesh_terms: D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D012008:Recurrence; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*