title: Does Inflammation Have a Role in the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Syndrome X? A Genetic-Based Clinical Study With Assessment of Multiple Cytokine Levels.
abstract: We compared Turkish patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX) and controls with respect to serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, as well as the single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in the promoter regions of their related genes. This study included 111 consecutive patients angiographically diagnosed with CSX and 111 healthy controls with similar demographic characteristics. Serum interleukin (IL) 6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-10 levels were measured, and the genotypes of the patients and controls were determined using standard methods. Serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the CSX group than in the control group (P < .01, respectively). Serum TNF-α level was lower in the CSX group than in the control group (P < .001). On the other hand, participants with CSX and healthy controls were not significantly different with respect to the genotype distributions of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 genes. As a result of our study, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of CSX. In contrast, the studied gene polymorphisms did not influence CSX pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Medical Pharmacology Department, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Önal
authors.affiliation: Medical Pharmacology Department, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Özyazgan
authors.affiliation: Medical Pharmacology Department, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemre
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kandaz
authors.affiliation: Medical Biochemistry Department, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hafize
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Istinye State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gönül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Açıksarı
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turgut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uygun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selçuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Opan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karakaya
authors.affiliation: Medical Pharmacology Department, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey gakkan@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ahmet Gökhan
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Akkan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: cardiac syndrome X; coronary artery disease; cytokines; genetic polymorphism; inflammation