title: Epigenetic Regulation by Sulforaphane: Opportunities for Breast and Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention.
abstract: Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytochemical derived from cruciferous vegetables that has multiple molecular targets and anti-cancer properties. Researchers have demonstrated several chemopreventive benefits of SFN consumption, such as reductions in tumor growth, increases in cancer cell apoptosis, and disruption of signaling within tumor microenvironments bothin vitroandin vivo. Emerging evidence indicates that SFN exerts several of its chemopreventive effects by altering epigenetic mechanisms. This review summarizes evidence of the impact of SFN on epigenetic events and how they relate to the chemopreventive effects of SFN observed in preclinical and clinical studies of breast and prostate cancers. Specific areas of focus include the role of SFN in the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, inflammation, antioxidant defense, and cancer cell signaling and their relationships to epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, remaining challenges and research needs for translating mechanistic work with SFN into human studies and clinical intervention trials are discussed.
authors.affiliation: 103 Milam Hall, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Atwell
authors.affiliation: 103 Milam Hall, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA ; 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Beaver
authors.affiliation: 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code CB L606, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Jackilen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.affiliation: 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA ; 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: 2121 West Holcombe Boulevard, Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Houston, TX 77030.
authors.forename: Roderick H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dashwood
authors.affiliation: 103 Milam Hall, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA ; 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA ; 212 Milam Hall, Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ho
keywords: breast; cancer; chemoprevention; epigenetics; prostate; sulforaphane