title: Adjuvant Therapy With Sodium Alendronate for the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study assesses the effects of topical sodium alendronate (SA) as an adjuvant to the mechanical treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety animals were subjected to the induction of periodontitis via the installation of a ligature around the mandibular left first molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed, and the animals were distributed into the following groups: 1) NT group (n = 30), no treatment; 2) SRP group (n = 30), scaling and root planing (SRP) and local irrigation with physiologic saline solution; and 3) SRP/SA group (n = 30), SRP and local irrigation with SA (10(-5) M). Ten animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days after treatment. Histologic and histometric analyses were performed in the furcation region. The percentage of bone in the furcation (PBF) was measured. Immunohistochemical analyses for detecting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and activated caspase-3 were performed at the furcation region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the other groups, the SRP/SA group showed less local inflammation and better tissue reparation during the entire experiment. There was more PBF in the SRP/SA group than in the other groups at days 7 and 15. Stronger OPG immunolabeling and weaker RANKL immunolabeling were observed in the SRP/SA group at 15 and 30 days. There were fewer TRAP-positive cells in the SRP/SA group than in the NT group at all of the time points. There was no difference in the number of activated caspase-3-positive osteocytes among groups and time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that topical use of SA as an adjuvant to SRP is effective in the treatment of experimental periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, Dental School of Araçatuba, Univ Estadual Paulista, (São Paulo State University), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliano
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Dental School of Araçatuba, Univ Estadual Paulista (São Paulo State University).
authors.forename: Edilson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ervolino
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, Dental School of Araçatuba, Univ Estadual Paulista, (São Paulo State University), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Henrique
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Bonfietti
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, Dental School of Araçatuba, Univ Estadual Paulista, (São Paulo State University), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vivian Cristina Noronha
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, Dental School of Araçatuba, Univ Estadual Paulista, (São Paulo State University), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Helena
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Theodoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Surgery, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro Araujo
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Semiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Marchi
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Periodontology Division, Dental School of Araçatuba, Univ Estadual Paulista, (São Paulo State University), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Lazilha
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Faleiros
authors.affiliation: Department of Masters of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University Center of Educational Foundation of Barretos, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdir Gouveia
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000032:analysis; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods*; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; C506032:Tnfrsf11b protein, rat; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D019386:Alendronate
keywords: Alendronate; periodontal diseases; periodontitis