title: Patents, antibiotics, and autarky in Spain.
abstract: Patents on antibiotics were introduced in Spain in 1949. Preliminary research reveals diversification in the types of antibiotics: patents relating to penicillin were followed by those relating to streptomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline. There was also diversification in the firms that applied for patents: while Merck & Co. Incorporated and Schenley Industries Inc. were the main partners with Spanish antibiotics manufacturers in the late 1940s, this industrial space also included many others, such as Eli Lilly & Company, Abbott Laboratories, Chas. Pfizer & Co. Incorporated, and American Cyanamid Company in the mid-1970s. The introduction of these drugs in Spain adds new elements to a re-evaluation of the autarkic politics of the early years of the Franco dictatorship.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romero De Pablos
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history*; D057217:Economic Development; D049673:History, 20th Century; D010330:Patents as Topic / Q000266:history* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents