title: Pineal gland volume in schizophrenia and mood disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders have disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythm. Melatonin, which is secreted by the human pineal gland, plays an important role in sleep and circadian rhythm. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare pineal gland volumes in patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the pineal gland volumes of 80 cases, including 16 cases of unipolar depression, 17 cases of bipolar disorder, 17 cases of schizophrenia, and 30 controls. The total pineal gland volume of all cases was measured via magnetic resonance images, and the total mean pineal volume of each group was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pineal volumes of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, and the controls were 83.55±10.11 mm(3), 93.62±11.00 mm(3), 95.19±11.61 mm(3) and 99.73±12.03 mm(3), respectively. The mean pineal gland volume of the patients with schizophrenia was significantly smaller than those of the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that patients with schizophrenia have smaller pineal gland volumes, and this deviation in pineal gland morphology is not seen in those with mood disorders. We hypothesize that volumetric changes in the pineal gland of patients with schizophrenia may be involved in the pathophysiology of this illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University, 46050 Kahramanmaras, Turkey, ebrukanmaz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fındıklı
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Inci
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gökçe
authors.forename: Hüseyin Avni
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Fındıklı
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Karaaslan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000473:pathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*