title: Bioconversion of lutein to form aroma compounds by Pantoea dispersa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the conversion of lutein, a carotenoid, to aroma compounds by Pantoea dispersa Y08, a lutein-degrading bacterium isolated from marigold flower residue. Bioconversion conditions, including substrate concentration, applied co-solvent and reaction time, were optimized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A maximum biodegradation yield of 80 % for lutein at 10 g/l was achieved. The intermediate, 3-hydroxy-β-ionone, and final β-ionone products were revealed by GC-MS. A bioconversion pathway of lutein is proposed to involve cleavage at the 9-10 double bond position, followed by de-hydroxylation at the 3-hydroxy position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of the ability of a bacterium, P. dispersa, to sequentially convert lutein to 3-hydroxy-β-ionone and then β-ionone.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Gui Fang
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Xue Peng
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xian Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Duo Bin
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Yu Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D014975:Lutein / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D045792:Norisoprenoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D020636:Pantoea / Q000378:metabolism*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D045792:Norisoprenoids; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C008157:beta-ionone; D014975:Lutein