title: Advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for Grading and Molecular Characterization of Glioma.
abstract: In recent years, the management of glioma has evolved significantly, reflecting our better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tumor development, tumor progression, and treatment response. Glioma grade, along with a number of underlying molecular and genetic biomarkers, has been recognized as an important prognostic and predictive factor that can help guide the management of patients. This article highlights advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, and perfusion MRI, as well as position emission tomography using various tracers including methyl-(11)C-l-methionine and O-(2-(18)F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine. Use of multiparametric imaging data has improved the diagnostic strength of imaging, introduced the potential to noninvasively interrogate underlying molecular features of low-grade glioma and to guide local therapies such as surgery and radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto/University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: caroline.chung@rmp.uhn.on.ca.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Joint Department of Medical Imaging UHN, MSH and WCH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Metser
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto/University Health Network-Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ménard
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography