title: Device Performance of APFO-3/PCBM Solar Cells with Controlled Morphology.
abstract: Polymer/fullerene solar cells with three different device structures: A) diffuse bilayer, B) spontaneously formed multilayer, and C) vertically homogenous thin films, are fabricated. The photocurrent/voltage performance is compared and it is found that the self-stratified structure (B) yields the highest energy conversion efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering Karlstad University 651 88 Karlstad (Sweden).
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Björström Svanström
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków (Poland).
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rysz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH - University of Science and Technology Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków (Poland).
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernasik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków (Poland).
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Budkowski
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular and Organic Electronics IFM and Center of Organic Electronic (COE) Linköping University 581 83 Linköping (Sweden).
authors.forename: Fengling
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular and Organic Electronics IFM and Center of Organic Electronic (COE) Linköping University 581 83 Linköping (Sweden).
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Inganäs
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Technology Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg (Sweden).
authors.forename: Mats R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering Karlstad University 651 88 Karlstad (Sweden).
authors.forename: Kjell O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Imperial College London London SW7 2BW (UK).
authors.forename: Jessica J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Benson-Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Imperial College London London SW7 2BW (UK).
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering Karlstad University 651 88 Karlstad (Sweden). ellen.moons@kau.se.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moons
keywords: conjugated polymers; morphology; self‐stratification; solar cells