title: Deletion of the DNA Ligase IV Gene in Candida glabrata Significantly Increases Gene-Targeting Efficiency.
abstract: Candida glabrata is reported as the second most prevalent human opportunistic fungal pathogen in the United States. Over the last decades, its incidence increased, whereas that of Candida albicans decreased slightly. One of the main reasons for this shift is attributed to the inherent tolerance of C. glabrata toward the commonly used azole antifungal drugs. Despite a close phylogenetic distance to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, homologous recombination works with poor efficiency in C. glabrata compared to baker's yeast, in fact limiting targeted genetic alterations of the pathogen's genome. It has been shown that nonhomologous DNA end joining is dominant over specific gene targeting in C. glabrata. To improve the homologous recombination efficiency, we have generated a strain in which the LIG4 gene has been deleted, which resulted in a significant increase in correct gene targeting. The very specific function of Lig4 in mediating nonhomologous end joining is the reason for the absence of clear side effects, some of which affect the ku80 mutant, another mutant with reduced nonhomologous end joining. We also generated a LIG4 reintegration cassette. Our results show that the lig4 mutant strain may be a valuable tool for the C. glabrata research community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiori
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Patrick.vandijck@mmbio.vib-kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-897X
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Dijck
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D000072481:DNA Ligase ATP; D011088:DNA Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001393:Azoles; C000607891:DNL4 protein, S cerevisiae; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C000607893:LIG4 protein, human; D011088:DNA Ligases; D000072481:DNA Ligase ATP