title: Correlates of bullying in Quebec high school students: The vulnerability of sexual-minority youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bullying has become a significant public health issue, particularly among youth. This study documents cyberbullying, homophobic bullying and bullying at school or elsewhere and their correlates among both heterosexual and sexual-minority high school students in Quebec (Canada).
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 8194 students aged 14-20 years was recruited in Quebec (Canada) high schools. We assessed cyberbullying, homophobic bullying and bullying at school or elsewhere in the past 12 months and their association with current self-esteem and psychological distress as well as suicidal ideations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bullying at school or elsewhere was the most common form of bullying (26.1%), followed by cyberbullying (22.9%) and homophobic bullying (3.6%). Overall, girls and sexual-minority youth were more likely to experience cyberbullying and other forms of bullying as well as psychological distress, low self-esteem and suicidal ideations. The three forms of bullying were significantly and independently associated with all mental health outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results underscore the relevance of taking into account gender and sexual orientation variations in efforts to prevent bullying experience and its consequences.
authors.affiliation: Département de sexologie, UQAM, Montréal 4031, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jude Mary
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cénat
authors.affiliation: Département de sexologie, UQAM, Montréal 4031, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: blais.martin@uqam.ca.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blais
authors.affiliation: Département de sexologie, UQAM, Montréal 4031, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hébert
authors.affiliation: École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.affiliation: Département de sexologie, UQAM, Montréal 4031, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerrier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D063509:Homophobia / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012649:Self Concept; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Cyberbullying; Homophobic bullying; Psychological distress; Self-esteem; Sexual-minority youth; Suicidal ideations