title: Using ICR and SCID mice as animal models for smallpox to assess antiviral drug efficacy.
abstract: The possibility of using immunocompetent ICR mice and immunodeficient SCID mice as model animals for smallpox to assess antiviral drug efficacy was investigated. Clinical signs of the disease did not appear following intranasal (i.n.) challenge of mice with strain Ind-3a of variola virus (VARV), even when using the highest possible dose of the virus (5.2 log10 p.f.u.). The 50 % infective doses (ID50) of VARV, estimated by the virus presence or absence in the lungs 3 and 4 days post-infection, were 2.7 ± 0.4 log10 p.f.u. for ICR mice and 3.5 ± 0.7 log10 p.f.u. for SCID mice. After i.n. challenge of ICR and SCID mice with VARV 30 and 50 ID50, respectively, steady reproduction of the virus occurred only in the respiratory tract (lungs and nose). Pathological inflammatory destructive changes were revealed in the respiratory tract and the primary target cells for VARV (macrophages and epithelial cells) in mice, similar to those in humans and cynomolgus macaques. The use of mice to assess antiviral efficacies of NIOCH-14 and ST-246 demonstrated the compliance of results with those described in scientific literature, which opens up the prospect of their use as an animal model for smallpox to develop anti-smallpox drugs intended for humans.
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Ksenya A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Titova
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sergeev
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alena S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zamedyanskaya
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Darya O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Galahova
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexey S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kabanov
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Anastasia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Morozova
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Leonid E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bulychev
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Artemiy A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sergeev
authors.affiliation: State Scientific Establishment - Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Tanyana I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Glotova
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Larisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Shishkina
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Oleg S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Taranov
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Vladimir V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Omigov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Evgenii L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Zavjalov
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexander P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Agafonov
authors.affiliation: Federal Budgetary Research Institution - State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Sergeev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004341:Drug Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016513:Mice, SCID; D012899:Smallpox / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012901:Variola virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents