title: Effects of prenatal immune activation on amphetamine-induced addictive behaviors: Contributions from animal models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prenatal environmental adversities may affect brain development and are associated with increased risk for schizophrenia, an illness with 50% comorbidity with addiction. Maternal immune activation by poly-inosinic-citidilic acid (Poly(I:C)) exposure can promote behavioral alterations consistent with schizophrenia symptoms in rodents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Considering the vulnerability to addiction in patients with schizophrenia, we evaluated the interactions between prenatal Poly(I:C) administration and addiction in two animal models (behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference - CPP) in mice repeatedly treated with amphetamine (AMP). Additionally, stereotyped behavior and cross-sensitization with cocaine (COC) were also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swiss male mice offspring were submitted to prenatal administration of 5mg/kg Poly(I:C) in the 9(th) day of pregnancy. At the age of 90days, mice were treated with 2.5mg/kg AMP for 9days to evaluate behavioral sensitization or stereotyped behavior. Cross-sensitization with 10mg/kg COC was evaluated 24h after the last treatment day. For AMP-induced CPP evaluation, mice were treated during 8 consecutive days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prenatal Poly(I:C) administration potentiated both AMP-induced behavioral sensitization and CPP. Furthermore, Poly(I:C) increased cross-sensitization with COC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenatal administration of Poly(I:C) is able to potentiate vulnerability to addiction in two animal models, without however modulating stereotyped behavior.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Borçoi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: clpatti@gmail.com.br.
authors.forename: Camilla L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 925, 04021002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Zanin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hollais
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santos-Baldaia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliane M B
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ceccon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 925, 04021002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laís F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Berro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wuo-Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stephanie B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Grapiglia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana T C
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 925, 04021002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Lopes-Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, 1° andar, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frussa-Filho
mesh_terms: D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000633:toxicity; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: Addiction; Amphetamine; Mice; Poly(I:C); Schizophrenia