title: p.Q192R SNP of PON1 seems not to be Associated with Carotid Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in an Asymptomatic and Normolipidemic Brazilian Population Sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidences suggest that paraoxonase 1 (PON1) confers important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties when associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationships between p.Q192R SNP of PON1, biochemical parameters and carotid atherosclerosis in an asymptomatic, normolipidemic Brazilian population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 584 volunteers (females n = 326, males n = 258; 19-75 years of age). Total genomic DNA was extracted and SNP was detected in the TaqMan® SNP OpenArray® genotyping platform (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were determined and PON1 activity was measured using paraoxon as a substrate. High-resolution β-mode ultrasonography was used to measure cIMT and the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in a subgroup of individuals (n = 317).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of p.192Q was associated with a significant increase in PON1 activity (RR = 12.30 (11.38); RQ = 46.96 (22.35); QQ = 85.35 (24.83) μmol/min; p < 0.0001), HDL-C (RR= 45 (37); RQ = 62 (39); QQ = 69 (29) mg/dL; p < 0.001) and apo A-I (RR = 140.76 ± 36.39; RQ = 147.62 ± 36.92; QQ = 147.49 ± 36.65 mg/dL; p = 0.019). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that heterozygous and p.192Q carriers influenced by 58% PON1 activity towards paraoxon. The univariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that p.Q192R SNP was not associated with mean cIMT; as a result, in the multiple regression analysis, no variables were selected with 5% significance. In logistic regression analysis, the studied parameters were not associated with the presence of carotid plaques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In low-risk individuals, the presence of the p.192Q variant of PON1 is associated with a beneficial plasma lipid profile but not with carotid atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Daniel Zanetti
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Scherrer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Vanessa Helena de Souza
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Zago
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Isabela Calanca
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Eliane Soler
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Natália Baratella
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Panzoldo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alexandre
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Secolin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baracat
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Lípides, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Eder Carlos Rocha
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Quintão
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Eliana Cotta de
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Faria
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human