title: Viral apoptotic mimicry.
abstract: As opportunistic pathogens, viruses have evolved many elegant strategies to manipulate host cells for infectious entry and replication. Viral apoptotic mimicry, defined by the exposure of phosphatidylserine - a marker for apoptosis - on the pathogen surface, is emerging as a common theme used by enveloped viruses to promote infection. Focusing on the four best described examples (vaccinia virus, dengue virus, Ebola virus and pseudotyped lentivirus), we summarize our current understanding of apoptotic mimicry as a mechanism for virus entry, binding and immune evasion. We also describe recent examples of non-enveloped viruses that use this mimicry strategy, and discuss future directions and how viral apoptotic mimicry could be targeted therapeutically.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U944 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7212, Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amara
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mercer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C408123:phosphatidylserine receptor