title: Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Aromatic and Quality Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces from North-Eastern India.
abstract: The North-eastern (NE) India, comprising of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura, possess diverse array of locally adapted non-Basmati aromatic germplasm. The germplasm collections from this region could serve as valuable resources in breeding for abiotic stress tolerance, grain yield and cooking/eating quality. To utilize such collections, however, breeders need information about the extent and distribution of genetic diversity present within collections. In this study, we report the result of population genetic analysis of 107 aromatic and quality rice accessions collected from different parts of NE India, as well as classified these accessions in the context of a set of structured global rice cultivars. A total of 322 alleles were amplified by 40 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with an average of 8.03 alleles per locus. Average gene diversity was 0.67. Population structure analysis revealed that NE Indian aromatic rice can be subdivided into three genetically distinct population clusters: P1, joha rice accessions from Assam, tai rices from Mizoram and those from Sikkim; P2, aromatic rice accessions from Nagaland; and P3, chakhao rice germplasm from Manipur [corrected]. Pair-wise FST between three groups varied from 0.223 (P1 vs P2) to 0.453 (P2 vs P3). With reference to the global classification of rice cultivars, two major groups (Indica and Japonica) were identified in NE Indian germplasm. The aromatic accessions from Assam, Manipur and Sikkim were assigned to the Indica group, while the accessions from Nagaland exhibited close association with Japonica. The tai accessions of Mizoram along with few chakhao accessions collected from the hill districts of Manipur were identified as admixed. The results highlight the importance of regional genetic studies for understanding diversification of aromatic rice in India. The data also suggest that there is scope for exploiting the genetic diversity of aromatic and quality rice germplasm of NE India for rice improvement.
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: Somnath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: Amrita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: Bandapkuper
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mawkhlieng
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pattanayak
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Harish
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ngachan
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Bansal
mesh_terms: D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D063427:Food Quality; D017343:Genes, Plant; D007194:India; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic