title: In situ synthesis carbonated hydroxyapatite layers on enamel slices with acidic amino acids by a novel two-step method.
abstract: In situ fabrication of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) remineralization layer on an enamel slice was completed in a novel, biomimetic two-step method. First, a CaCO3 layer was synthesized on the surface of demineralized enamel using an acidic amino acid (aspartic acid or glutamate acid) as a soft template. Second, at the same concentration of the acidic amino acid, rod-like carbonated hydroxyapatite was produced with the CaCO3 layer as a sacrificial template and a reactant. The morphology, crystallinity and other physicochemical properties of the crystals were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), respectively. Acidic amino acid could promote the uniform deposition of hydroxyapatite with rod-like crystals via absorption of phosphate and carbonate ions from the reaction solution. Moreover, compared with hydroxyapatite crystals coated on the enamel when synthesized by a one-step method, the CaCO3 coating that was synthesized in the first step acted as an active bridge layer and sacrificial template. It played a vital role in orienting the artificial coating layer through the template effect. The results show that the rod-like carbonated hydroxyapatite crystals grow into bundles, which are similar in size and appearance to prisms in human enamel, when using the two-step method with either aspartic acid or acidic glutamate (20.00 mmol/L).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. Electronic address: lyi99@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Changchun, 130051, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D024342:Amino Acids, Acidic / Q000737:chemistry*; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D032701:Biomimetics; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D003460:Crystallization; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D024342:Amino Acids, Acidic; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D017886:Durapatite; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Aspartic acid; Calcium carbonate; Enamel; Glutamic acid; Hydroxyapatite