title: Kinetics and mechanisms of depolymerization of alginate and chitosan in aqueous solution.
abstract: The kinetics and mechanisms of depolymerization of aqueous chitosan and alginate solutions at elevated temperatures have been investigated. Chitosan salts of different degree of acetylation (FA), type of counterions (-glutamate, -chloride) and degree of purity were studied. One commercially available highly purified sodium alginate sample with high content of guluronic acid (G) was also studied. Furthermore, the influence of oxygen, H(+) and OH(-) ions on the initial depolymerization rates was investigated. Depolymerization kinetics was followed by measuring the time courses of the apparent viscosity and the intrinsic viscosity. The initial rate constants for depolymerization were determined from the intrinsic viscosity data converted to a quantity proportional to the fraction of bonds broken. The activation energies of the chitosan chloride and chitosan glutamate solutions with pH close to 5 and the same degree of acetylation, FA=0.14, were determined from the initial rate constants to be 76±13kJ/mol and 80±11kJ/mol, respectively. The results reported herein suggest that the stability of aqueous chitosan and alginate solutions at pH values 5-8 will be influenced by oxidative-reductive depolymerization (ORD) as the primary mechanism as long as transition metal ions are presented in the samples. Acid - and alkaline depolymerization will be the primary mechanisms for highly purified samples.
authors.affiliation: FMC BioPolymer AS/NovaMatrix, Industriveien 33, N-1337 Sandvika, Norway; Norwegian BioPolymer Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: Hilde_Holme@fmc.com.
authors.forename: Hilde K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Holme
authors.affiliation: Norwegian BioPolymer Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davidsen
authors.affiliation: FMC BioPolymer AS/NovaMatrix, Industriveien 33, N-1337 Sandvika, Norway.
authors.forename: Are
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.affiliation: Norwegian BioPolymer Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Smidsrød
keywords: Activation energy; Alginate; Chitosan; Depolymerization; Polyelectrolytes; Stability; Thermal degradation