title: Constrained Implants in Total Knee Replacement.
abstract: Total knee replacement (TKR) is a successful procedure for pain relief and functional restoration in patients with advanced osteoarthritis. The number of TKRs is increasing, and this has led to an increase in revision surgeries. The key to long-term success in both primary and revision TKR is stability, as well as adequate and stable fixation between components and underlying bone. In the vast majority of primary TKRs and in some revision cases, a posterior cruciate retaining or a posterior cruciate substituting device can be used. In some primary cases with severe deformity or ligamentous instability and in most of the revision cases, a more constrained implant is required. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature concerning the use of condylar constrained knee (CCK) and rotating hinge (RH) implants in primary and revision cases focusing on the indications and results. According to this review, although excellent and very good results have been reported, there are limitations of the existing literature concerning the indications for the use of constrained implants, the absence of long-term results, and the limited comparative studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Touzopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Drosos
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ververidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kazakos
mesh_terms: D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D007720:Knee Prosthesis; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome