title: Hospitalization and 1-year all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease at Stages 1 and 2: Effect of mild anemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of anemia in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) on morbidity and mortality is known. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of mild anemia on hospitalization and 1-year all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with Stage 1 and 2 CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalized T2DM patients (n = 307) with a glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) and urinary albumin excretion > 30 mg/24 h (Stage 1 and 2 CKD) were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups based on hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations: those with (mean [ ± SD] Hb 10.7 ± 0.7 g/dL) and without (mean Hb 13.3 ± 1.28 g/dL) anemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between patients with and without anemia in terms of age, gender, body mass index, HbA1c, and cardiovascular diseases. The mean length of hospitalization of the 130 anemic and 177 non-anemic patients was 4.3 ± 3.5 and 3.5 ± 1.9 days, respectively (P < 0.001). Twelve anemic patients died within 1 year, compared with three patients without anemia (9.2% vs 1.7%, respectively; P = 0.002). After adjusting for confounding variables, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that mild anemia was significantly associated with 1-year all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.92-2.54; P = 0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mild anemia may increase the length of hospitalization and was associated with 1-year all-cause mortality among hospitalized T2DM patients with Stage 1 and 2 CKD.
authors.affiliation: Intenal Medicine Department, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Israel.|Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nseir
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, EMMS, The Nazareth Hospital, Nazareth, Israel.|Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
authors.forename: Suheil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Artul
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, EMMS, The Nazareth Hospital, Nazareth, Israel.
authors.forename: Najib
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nasrallah
authors.affiliation: Intenal Medicine Department, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Israel.
authors.forename: Julnar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mograbi
authors.affiliation: Intenal Medicine Department, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Israel.|Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
authors.forename: Mahmud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahamid
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D002423:Cause of Death; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: 1-year all-cause mortality; 1年全因死亡率; 1期与2期CKD; anemia; diabetes mellitus; length of hospitalization; stage 1 and 2 CKD; 住院时间; 糖尿病; 贫血