title: Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles as a novel control tool against dengue virus (DEN-2) and its primary vector Aedes aegypti.
abstract: Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral infection mainly vectored through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. Recently, its transmission has strongly increased in urban and semi-urban areas of tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide, becoming a major international public health concern. There is no specific treatment for dengue. Its prevention and control solely depends on effective vector control measures. In this study, we proposed the green-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) as a novel and effective tool against the dengue serotype DEN-2 and its major vector Aedes aegypti. AgNP were synthesized using the Moringa oleifera seed extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNP were characterized using a variety of biophysical methods including UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and sorted for size categories. AgNP showed in vitro antiviral activity against DEN-2 infecting vero cells. Viral titer was 7 log10 TCID50/ml in control (AgNP-free), while it dropped to 3.2 log10 TCID50/ml after a single treatment with 20 μl/ml of AgNP. After 6 h, DEN-2 yield was 5.8 log10 PFU/ml in the control, while it was 1.4 log10 PFU/ml post-treatment with AgNP (20 μl/ml). AgNP were highly effective against the dengue vector A. aegypti, with LC50 values ranging from 10.24 ppm (I instar larvae) to 21.17 ppm (pupae). Overall, this research highlighted the concrete potential of green-synthesized AgNP in the fight against dengue and its primary vector A. aegypti. Further research on structure-activity relationships of AgNP against other dengue serotypes is urgently required.
authors.affiliation: Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vasu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sujitha
authors.forename: Kadarkarai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.forename: Manickam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paulpandi
authors.forename: Chellasamy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panneerselvam
authors.forename: Udaiyan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: Mathath
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roni
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Akon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Pari
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madhiyazhagan
authors.forename: Jayapal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: Devakumar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dinesh
authors.forename: Chithravel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vadivalagan
authors.forename: Balamurugan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chandramohan
authors.forename: Abdullah A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alarfaj
authors.forename: Murugan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Munusamy
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benelli
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003715:Dengue / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D003716:Dengue Virus; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D029588:Moringa oleifera / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012834:Silver