title: In vitro evaluation of thermal frontally polymerized thiol-ene composites as bone augments.
abstract: Because of the large number of total knee replacement (TKR) surgeries conducted per year, and with projections of increased demand to almost a million primary TKR surgeries per year by 2030 in the United States alone, there is a need to discover more efficient working materials as alternatives to current bone cements. There is a need for surgeons and hospitals to become more efficient and better control over the operative environment. One area of inefficiency is the cement steps during TKR. Currently the surgeon has very little control over cement polymerization. This leads to an increase in time, waste, and procedural inefficiencies. There is a clear need to create an extended working time, moldable, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive bone augment as a substitution for the current clinically used bone cement where the surgeon has better control over the polymerization process. This study explored several compositions of pentaerythritol-co-trimethylolpropane tris-(3-mercaptopropionate) hydroxyapatite composite materials prepared via benzoyl peroxide-initiated thermal frontal polymerization. The 4:1 acrylate to thiol ratio containing augment material shows promise with a maximal propagation temperature of 160°C ± 10°C, with mechanical strength of 3.65 MPa, and 111% cytocompatibility, relative to the positive control. This frontally polymerized material may have application as an augment with controlled polymerization supporting cemented implants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1152-1160, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803.
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Totaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803.
authors.forename: Zachari D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803.
authors.forename: Abigail E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Burcham
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803.
authors.forename: Connor T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Scherr
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803.
authors.forename: Christopher O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Bounds
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70115.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pojman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes
keywords: bone cement; calcium phosphate; composite/hard tissue; frontal polymerization; thiol-ene