title: Ethanol Extract of Persimmon Tree Leaves Improves Blood Circulation and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet.
abstract: The leaves of the persimmon tree (PL) are known to have beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We recently demonstrated that PL had antithrombotic properties in vitro. However, little is known about the antiplatelet and anticoagulant properties of PL in vivo. Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA)-containing fish oil has been widely prescribed to improve blood circulation. This study compared the effects of dietary supplementation with an ethanol extract of PL or n-3 FA on blood coagulation, platelet activation, and lipid levels in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet with either PL ethanol extract (0.5% w/w) or n-3 FA (2.5% w/w) for 9 weeks. Coagulation was examined by monitoring the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time. We examined plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2), serotonin, and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) levels. The aPTT was significantly prolonged in the PL and n-3 FA supplement groups. PL also attenuated the TXB2 level and lowered arterial serotonin transporter mRNA expression, although it did not alter plasma serotonin or sP-selectin levels. C-reactive protein and leptin levels were significantly reduced by PL and n-3 FA supplementation. In addition, PL decreased plasma total- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, as did n-3 FA treatment. These results indicated that the PL ethanol extract may have the potential to improve circulation by inhibiting blood coagulation and platelet activation and by reducing plasma cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: 2 Foods R&D, CJ CheilJedang Corporation , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 2 Foods R&D, CJ CheilJedang Corporation , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byeongseok
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: 3 Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Un Ju
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University , Suncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 5 School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Gun
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 5 School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: ZaeYoung
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ryoo
authors.affiliation: 5 School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Bok
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.|3 Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D029788:Diospyros; D000431:Ethanol; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D000431:Ethanol; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: blood circulation; coagulation; lipid metabolism; persimmon tree leaves; platelet activation