title: Effects of exercise on inflammation in cardiac rehabilitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Programs of weight loss and a healthy diet are recommended for patients with cardiovascular risk but the effectiveness of these programs in decreasing cardiovascular mortality is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the acute and long-term effects of a 2-month cardiac rehabilitation program on chemokines related to inflammation in subjects with cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with cardiovascular disease enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program based on nutritional and exercise interventions were studied. Lifestyle and clinical, metabolic and inflammatory variables were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  88.5% were men and the mean age was 54.9 ± 7.8 years. At the end of the cardiac rehabilitation program the levels of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were lower, except for high density lipoprotein cholesterol which was higher. The levels of uric acid, interleukin-6, interleukin-1Beta, adiponectin and leptin remained stable. Interleukin-6 correlated positively with levels of C-reactive protein and negatively with blood glucose. Interleukin-1Beta correlated positively with C-reactive protein levels and negatively with blood pressure figures. Significant correlations were seen between the changes in levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1Beta and changes in metabolic equivalents, and in C-reactive protein levels before and after the cardiac rehabilitation program. No significant correlations were observed with weight, waist circumference or fat mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A cardiac rehabilitation program decreased anthropometric variables and blood pressure figures, and improved lipid metabolism and ergometry data. However, no changes regarding the inflammatory state were observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology. Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Málaga. Virgen de la Victoria Hospital. Investigation Unit (IMABIS), Málaga. Biomedical Research Center of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER CB06/003). Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid.. maroca80@gmail.com.
authors.forename: María del Mar
authors.initials: Mdel M
authors.lastname: Roca-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Virgen de la Victoria Hospital. Investigation Unit (IMABIS), Málaga. Biomedical Research Center of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER CB06/003). Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid.. lourgarrido@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garrido-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology. Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Málaga.. jgarciaalmeida@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jose Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology. Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Málaga.. jruiznava@hotmail.es.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Nava
authors.affiliation: Virgen de la Victoria Hospital. Investigation Unit (IMABIS), Málaga.. juan.alcaidetorres@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcaide-Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation. Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Málaga.. adela.gomez.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-González
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology. Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (Málaga), Spain.. angel.montiel.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montiel-Trujillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology. Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Málaga. Virgen de la Victoria Hospital. Investigation Unit (IMABIS), Málaga. Biomedical Research Center of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER CB06/003). Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid.. fjtinahones@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tinahones-Madueño
mesh_terms: D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044623:Nutrition Therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines