title: Role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in resistance to drug therapy in patients with resistant hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the increased evidence of the important role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9 and MMP‑2) in the pathophysiology of hypertension, the profile of these molecules in resistant hypertension (RHTN) remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the plasma levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and of their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, respectively), as well as their MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios, between patients with controlled RHTN (CRHTN, n=41) and uncontrolled RHTN (UCRHTN, n=35). In addition, the association of those parameters with clinical characteristics, office blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness (determined by pulse wave velocity) was evaluate in those subgroups.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 76 individuals diagnosed with RHTN and submitted to physical examination, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests to assess biochemical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar values of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios were found in the UCRHTN and CRHTN subgroups (P>0.05). A significant correlation was found between diastolic BP (DBP) and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio (r=0.37; P=0.02) and DPB and MMP-2 (r=-0.40; P=0.02) in the UCRHTN subgroup. On the other hand, no correlation was observed in the CRHTN subgroup. Logistic regression models demonstrated that MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and their ratios were not associated with the lack of BP control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that neither MMP-2 nor MMP-9 affect BP control in RHTN subjects.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lacerda
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Ana Paula de
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Heitor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sandrim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000097:blood*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9