title: Idiopathic disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection in three infants.
abstract: We describe the cases of three infants between 4 and 9 months of age with disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection who developed persistent fever, skin rash, and multiple chest nodules visible on computed tomography 22-34 days after BCG vaccination. These infants were healthy before inoculation, and their detailed immunological profiles, including T cell and neutrophil levels, were within normal range. Most reported BCG cases involve impaired immunity, such as children with chronic granulomatous disease, severe combined immunodeficiency, or human immunodeficiency virus infections. Because of their immature immune systems, BCG vaccination can be hazardous even in early infants without immune abnormalities. Hence, we advise caution when administering BCG vaccines to early infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto Regional Medical Center, Kumamoto, Chiba, Japan.|Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Chiba, Japan.|Division of Pediatrics, Department of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizukami
authors.affiliation: Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatal and Pediatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto Regional Medical Center, Kumamoto, Chiba, Japan.|Vaccination Center of Kumamoto Prefecture, Kumamoto, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanai
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine
keywords: BCG; T cell; disseminated BCG infection; infant; neutrophil