title: [Use of bacteriphages against Salmonella Enteritidis: a prevention tool].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salmonellosis is a highly prevalent disease still searching for preventive tools to avoid contamination level priority public health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The in vitro effect of bacteriophages against Salmonella enteritidis was evaluated as a prevention tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two tests with three concentrations of bacteriophages were conducted against two strains of Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated in fresh faeces of laying hens. Each test had a positive control. Thus, four groups in each test were evaluated. Each experimental group included two replicates, and three plates were incubated per replicate. The concentrations tested were three: commercial solution (5 × 10(7) pfu/mL), and two dilutions (1/10 and 1/30). One of the strains tested was CECT 4300, a certified strain of Colección Española de Cultivo Tipo and the other a field isolated strain in a sacrificed hen farm. Both strains were inoculated at 1.3 × 10(5) cfu/g of faeces in each of the four groups. Isolation and identification of bacteria by ISO6579 was done at various times after inoculation: 1 minute, 24 hours and 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first test, with certified strain, Salmonella was isolated in all groups at time 1 minute. After 24 hours, Salmonella was isolated in all groups except in one of the replicas treated with 1/10 dilution of bacteriophages, one of the other replica plate treated with 1/10 dilution, and two plates of the two replicas treated with the commercial solution. After 7 days, the bacteria were not isolated from any of the experimental groups. In the second test, with the field strain, Salmonella was isolated in all groups at time 1 minute. After 24 hours, Salmonella was isolated in all groups except in one of the replicas treated with 1/10 dilution of bacteriophages and the two replicas treated with the commercial solution. Salmonella was not isolated in any of the experimental groups at 7 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of bacteriophages reduced Salmonella enteritidis isolates in faeces at 24 hours after the application, so it could be considered as a prevention tool. At 7 days after inoculation of bacteria, no one was isolated in any of the experimental groups.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana CECAV, Alquerías del Niño Perdido, Castellón.. jose.soriano@uv.es.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Veterinaria. Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera (Moncada), Valencia.. jose.soriano@uv.es.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.affiliation: Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana CECAV, Alquerías del Niño Perdido, Castellón.. jose.soriano@uv.es.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Catalá-Gregori
authors.affiliation: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición y Dietética Clínica. Universitat de València- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (Valencia), España.. jose.soriano@uv.es.
authors.forename: Jose Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soriano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D000071059:Phage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D012483:Salmonella Phages; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis