title: Baseline Estimates of Adherence to American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Board of Internal Medicine Choosing Wisely Initiative Among Patients With Cancer Enrolled With a Large Regional Commercial Health Insurer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Choosing Wisely (CW) measures aim to reduce the use of interventions that lack evidence of benefit in cancer care. The study presented here characterized adherence to the 2012 ASCO/ABIM CW recommendations by linking health plan claims data with a regional cancer registry and sought to identify areas for research interventions to improve adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  SEER records for patients diagnosed with cancer in Western Washington State between 2007 and 2014 were linked with enrollment and claims from a large regional commercial insurance plan. Using claims and SEER records, algorithms were developed to characterize adherence to each CW measure. In addition, we calculated differences in total reimbursements and procedure-specific reimbursements for patients receiving adherent and nonadherent care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 22,359 unique individuals with cancer were linked with insurance enrollment records and met basic eligibility criteria. Overall adherence varied from 53% (breast surveillance) to 78% (breast staging). Within each measure, adherence varied substantially by stage at diagnosis and by cancer site in situations in which the CW measure affected multiple types of cancer. The difference in reimbursements between adherent and nonadherent populations across all five measures was approximately $29 million.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to the ASCO/ABIM CW measures varies widely, as does the cost implication of nonadherence. A structured approach to evaluating adherence and cost impact is needed before developing programs aimed at improving adherence to the ASCO/ABIM CW measures.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; and Premera Blue Cross, Seattle, WA sramsey@fhcrc.org.
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; and Premera Blue Cross, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fedorenko
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; and Premera Blue Cross, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; and Premera Blue Cross, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; and Premera Blue Cross, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lyman
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; and Premera Blue Cross, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Karma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kreizenbeck
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; and Premera Blue Cross, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Aasthaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bansal
mesh_terms: D000067575:Administrative Claims, Healthcare; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics / Q000473:pathology*; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors