title: EGFR mutations in lung cancer: from tissue testing to liquid biopsy.
abstract: ABSTRACT  The presence of EGFR mutations predicts the sensitivity to EGF receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a molecularly defined subset of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. For this reason, EGFR testing of NSCLC is required to provide personalized treatment options and better outcomes for NSCLC patients. As surgery specimens are not available in the majority of NSCLC, other currently available DNA sources are small biopsies and cytological samples, providing however limited and low-quality material. In order to address this issue, the use of surrogate sources of DNA, such as blood, serum and plasma samples, which often contains circulating free tumor DNA or circulating tumor cells, is emerging as a new strategy for tumor genotyping.
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fenizia
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pasquale
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forgione
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy.
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambiase
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iannaccone
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chicchinelli
authors.affiliation: 3Surgical Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: 4Division of Medical Oncology, 'S.G. Moscati' Hospital, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: 5Medical Oncology Unit, Thoraco-Pulmonary Department, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.affiliation: 6Thoracic Surgery, Thoraco-Pulmonary Department, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.affiliation: 7Clinical Trials Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Carmela
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Piccirillo
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Normanno
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077156:Gefitinib; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D057285:Precision Medicine; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077156:Gefitinib
keywords: EGFR mutations; EGFR-TKIs; liquid biopsy; mechanisms of resistance; non-small-cell lung carcinoma; targeted therapy