title: Treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye symptoms with a single-dose vectored thermal pulsation: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is understood to be a highly prevalent, chronic progressive disease and the leading cause of dry eye. All available published peer-reviewed results of the novel vectored thermal pulsation therapy for patients with MGD are investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PubMed and meeting abstract search revealed a total of 31 peer-reviewed reports on vectored thermal pulsation therapy at the time of the search (eight manuscripts and 23 meeting abstracts). All manuscripts evidence a significant increase in meibomian gland function (∼3×) and symptom improvement post a single 12-min treatment. Additional reported objective measures such as osmolarity, tear break-up time, or lipid layer thickness also increased as a result of the therapy; however, not all findings were statistically significant. The randomized controlled studies evidence sustained gland function and symptom relief lasting out to 12 months. The uncontrolled case series evidence significantly longer duration of effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single 12 minute vectored thermal pulsation treatment allows for reducing dry eye symptoms, improving meibomian gland function and other correlates of the ocular surface health.
authors.affiliation: aKorb Associates, Boston, Massachusetts bTearScience Inc., Morrisville cDepartment of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Blackie
authors.forename: Alan N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Korb
mesh_terms: D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008405:Massage; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000473:pathology*