title: Detection of horizontal root fracture using four different protocols of cone-beam computed tomography.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze four different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols to identify horizontal root fractures (HRF) in endodontically treated teeth, with or without the presence of a metallic post. Thirty extracted single-rooted human premolars were treated endodontically. Afterwards, an observer induced a horizontal fracture in 15 teeth. Each tooth was inserted in an empty mandibular socket and submitted to a computed tomography scan taken with and without the metallic post. The acquisition followed four different protocols, with different fields of view (FOV) and voxel sizes, as follows: FOV 6 X 16 cm/0.2 mm voxel; FOV 6 X 16 cm/0.25 mm voxel; FOV 8 X 8 cm/0.2 mm voxel; FOV 8 X 8 cm/0.25 mm voxel. Two observers checked all the acquisitions within a two-week interval, and the values of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and kappa were calculated. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values were better for the 8 X 8 cm/0.2 mm and 16 X 6 cm/0.25 mm protocols, ranging from 0.60 to 0.86 and 0.53 to 0.80, respectively. The intra- and interobserver concordance ranged from 0.65 to 0.72. The protocols where FOV and voxel were proportional showed better results. The 8 x 8 cm/0.2 mm protocol had the least interference from the metallic artifact. All four protocols showed a decline in values in the presence of the metallic artifact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Cristina Sales
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Salineiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Rodrigues
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oséas
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: dos Santos Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Gusmão Paraiso
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*