title: Parental determinants of metabolic syndrome among adolescent Asian Indians: A cross-sectional analysis of parent-offspring trios.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between parental metabolic syndrome (MS) and the risk of MS and associated abnormalities in adolescent offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was performed on 304 adolescents (12-16 years; 236 children with at least one parent and 124 father-mother-child trios) recruited from four schools representing different socioeconomic strata from Vellore, India. Anthropometric data was collected and blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipids were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MS in adolescent offspring, fathers, and mothers was 3.3%, 52.5%, and 48.7% respectively. The most commonly observed metabolic abnormality among adolescents was lower high-density lipoprotein. Maternal waist circumference (WC) was strongly correlated with adolescent body mass index (P = 0.007), WC (P < 0.001), serum triglycerides (P = 0.02), and systolic (P = 0.005) and diastolic (P = 0.01) blood pressure. Maternal MS status was significantly associated with a greater risk of central obesity (WC odds ratio [OR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-3.17) in offspring. Both parents having MS conferred a significant effect on the child's WC (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.72-2.07) and increased risk of MS (OR 6.19; 95% CI 1.64-23.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the possible heritable parental components that may contribute to the MS phenotype in offspring: MS in adolescent offspring is related to parental MS status, and maternal traits reflect offspring adiposity and metabolic traits more strongly than paternal factors. Therefore, adolescent children of parents with MS should be targets for primordial prevention of cardiometabolic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baxi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.|Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Senthil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hansdak
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Prasanna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Visali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jeyaseelan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Finney S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Geethanjali
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Ruth R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Padmanaban
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009679:Nuclear Family; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D010290:Parents; D015995:Prevalence; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: adolescent; maternal; metabolic syndrome; paternal; waist circumference; 代谢综合征; 母亲的; 父亲的; 腰围; 青少年