title: Depression and the incidence of urinary incontinence symptoms among young women: Results from a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of depressive symptoms with subsequent urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms among young women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from a cohort of 5391 young women (born 1973-1978) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEEs) were used to link depressive symptoms, and history of doctor diagnosed depression at Survey 2 (S2) in 2000 with the incidence of UI symptoms in subsequent surveys (from S3 in 2003 to S6 in 2012).
  
  
  RESULTS
  24% of women reported the incidence of UI over the nine-year study period, while the prevalence rose over time from 6.8% (at S2, aged 22-27 years) to 16.5% (at S6, aged 34-39). From univariable GEE analysis, women with depressive symptoms or a history of depression were more likely to report subsequent UI symptoms. This remained after adjusting for socio-demographic, body mass index, health behaviours and reproductive factors, with depressive symptoms associated with 37% higher odds (odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.61) and history of depression with 42% higher odds (1.42, 1.17 to 1.74) of incidence of UI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When woman seek treatment for UI symptoms, health professionals should consider her current or history of depression.
authors.affiliation: Center for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia. Electronic address: g.mishra@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Gita D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Center for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Megan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Center for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Gerrie-Cor
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Herber-Gast
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole, UK.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hillard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cohort study; Depression; Epidemiology; Urinary incontinence symptoms; Young women