title: Application of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Disorders of the Knee Joint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The promising therapeutic potential and regenerative properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have rapidly led to its widespread clinical use in musculoskeletal injury and disease. Although the basic scientific rationale surrounding PRP products is compelling, the clinical application has outpaced the research.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to examine the current concepts around the basic science of PRP application, different preparation systems, and clinical application of PRP in disorders in the knee.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of PubMed for studies that evaluated the basic science, preparation and clinical application of platelet concentrates was performed. The search used terms, including platelet-rich plasma or PRP preparation, activation, use in the knee, cartilage, ligament, and meniscus. Studies found in the initial search and related studies were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comprehensive review of the literature supports the potential use of PRP both nonoperatively and intraoperatively, but highlights the absence of large clinical studies and the lack of standardization between method, product, and clinical efficacy. Conclusions and Relevance. In addition to the call for more randomized, controlled clinical studies to assess the clinical effect of PRP, at this point, it is necessary to investigate PRP product composition and eventually have the ability to tailor the therapeutic product for specific indications.
authors.affiliation: Santa Monica Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Group, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.affiliation: Santa Monica Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Group, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bert R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Mandelbaum
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: C Wayne
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: McIlwraith
keywords: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); articular cartilage; platelet-rich plasma; tissue; variability