title: Impact of Predator Cues on Responses to Silver Nanoparticles in Daphnia carinata.
abstract: The past decades have witnessed a boom in nanotechnology that has led to increasing production and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the textile industry due to their antimicrobial properties. Increase in the manufacture and use of NPs inevitably has resulted in their increased release into aquatic environments resulting in the exposure of organisms living in these environments. Recently, the risk of exposure to NPs and the potential interaction with biological systems has received increasing attention. The present study investigated the potential effects of predator cues on the toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNPs in Daphnia carinata at organismal and biochemical levels. The results of this study show that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNPs can result in adverse effects on daphnids with 24- and 48-h LC50 values of 3.56 and 1.75 μg/L, respectively. Furthermore, significant inhibition of reproduction was observed at concentrations as low as 0.5 μg/L. Exposure to predator cues alone resulted in an increase in reproduction and inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity in daphnids. However, coexposure to predator cues interacted in an antagonistic manner with AgNPs with a 24-h LC50 value of 10.81 μg/L compared with 3.56 μg/L for AgNPs alone. In summary, AgNPs could pose risks to aquatic invertebrates at environmentally relevant concentrations. Interestingly, the presence of other factors, such as predator cues, moderated the effects of exposure to AgNPs. Therefore, there is a need to further investigate the potential interactions between NPs and biological factors that can modulate toxicity of NPs for application to the risk assessment of aquatic invertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530028, China. qinguangqiu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Guangqiu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
authors.forename: Yunxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530028, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Doering
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: Shawn C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Beitel
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.|Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Hongling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Haoliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China. duhmao@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huamao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003463:Cues; D003621:Daphnia / Q000502:physiology*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012834:Silver