title: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alteration in semen quality and reproductive hormones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world. Some reports have shown that NAFLD may cause multisystem damage, but its influence on male reproductive function has rarely been studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of NAFLD on sperm quality and reproductive hormones in Chinese men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 NAFLD men and 94 healthy men without fatty liver (control) were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent a physical examination, and were subjected to lifestyle questionnaires and abdominal ultrasound examination. The semen quality (volume, concentration, motility, and morphology) and serum hormonal levels (testosterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibin B, sex hormone-binding globulin, and luteinizing hormone) were examined and compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were significantly lower in the NAFLD patients compared with the control group. Sperm concentration (P=0.04), sperm count (P=0.01), and total motility (P=0.03) in the NAFLD patients were significantly decreased compared with the control group. However, no significant differences were observed in semen volume and morphology. Multivariate analysis showed that sperm concentration, sperm count, and motility were significantly associated with NAFLD and abstinence (P<0.05 or P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that NAFLD could significantly affect sperm quality and reproductive hormones.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital bDepartment of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Biowave Center, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002681:China; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human / Q000097:blood; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012098:Reproduction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human; D006728:Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; C422364:inhibin B; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007265:Inhibins; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone