title: Neutral Poly/Per-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Air from the Atlantic to the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic Snow.
abstract: The oceanic scale occurrences of typical neutral poly/per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere across the Atlantic, as well as their air-snow exchange at the Antarctic Peninsula, were investigated. Total concentrations of the 12 PFASs (∑PFASs) in gas phase ranged from 2.8 to 68.8 pg m(-3) (mean: 23.5 pg m(-3)), and the levels in snow were from 125 to 303 pg L(-1) (mean: 209 pg L(-1)). Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were dominant in both air and snow. The differences of specific compounds to ∑PFASs were not significant between air and snow. ∑PFASs were higher above the northern Atlantic compared to the southern Atlantic, and the levels above the southern Atlantic <30°S was the lowest. High atmospheric PFAS levels around the Antarctic Peninsula were the results of a combination of air mass, weak elimination processes and air-snow exchange of PFASs. Higher ratios of 8:2 to 10:2 to 6:2 FTOH were observed in the southern hemisphere, especially around the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting that PFASs in the region were mainly from the long-range atmospheric transport. No obvious decrease of PFASs was observed in the background marine atmosphere after 2005.
authors.affiliation: †Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.|‡National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: †Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
authors.forename: Wenying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: †Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.affiliation: †Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolschke
authors.affiliation: †Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ebinghaus
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D012914:Snow / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons