title: Different reference BMDs affect the prevalence of osteoporosis.
abstract: The T score represents the degree of deviation from the peak bone mineral density (BMD) (reference standard) in a population. Little has been investigated concerning the age at which the BMD reaches the peak value and how we should define the reference standard BMD in terms of age ranges. BMDs of 9,800 participants were analyzed from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Five reference standards were defined: (1) the reference standard of Japanese young adults provided by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machine manufacturer, (2) peak BMD of the Korean population evaluated by statistical analysis (second-order polynomial regression models), (3) BMD of subjects aged 20-29 years, (4) BMD of subjects aged 20-39 years, and (5) BMD of subjects aged 30-39 years. T-scores from the five reference standards were calculated, and the prevalence of osteoporosis was evaluated and compared for males and females separately. The peak BMD in the polynomial regression model was achieved at 26 years in males and 36 years in females in the total hip, at 20 years in males and 27 years in females in the femoral neck, and at 20 years in males and 30 years in females in the lumbar spine. The prevalence of osteoporosis over the age of 50 years showed significant variation of up to two fold depending on the reference standards adopted. The age at which peak BMD was achieved was variable according to the gender and body sites. A consistent definition of peak BMD needs to be established in terms of age ranges because this could affect the prevalence of osteoporosis and healthcare policies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 23-20 Byeongmyeong-Dong, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-Do, 330-721, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-Dong, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Kyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea.
authors.forename: Chin Youb
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-Dong, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Kyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-Dong, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Kyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon-Sun
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, 77 Sakju-Ro, Chuncheon-Si, Gangwon-Do, 200-704, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University Samsung Changwon Hospital, 158, Palyoung-Ro, MasanHoiwon-Gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam-Do, 630-522, Korea.
authors.forename: In Hyeok
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-Dong, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Kyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea.
authors.forename: Ka Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-Dong, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Kyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea. oasis100@empal.com.
authors.forename: Kyoung Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: Bone mineral demsity; DXA; Osteoporosis; Reference standard; T-score