title: The effects of intraplantar and intrathecal botulinum toxin type B on tactile allodynia in mono and polyneuropathy in the mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mononeuropathies (MNs: nerve ligation) and polyneuropathies (PNs: cisplatin) produce unilateral and bilateral tactile allodynia, respectively. We examined the effects of intraplantar (IPLT) and intrathecal (IT) botulinum toxin B (BoNT-B) on this allodynia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice (male c57Bl/6) were prepared with an L5 nerve ligation. Others received cisplatin (IP 2.3 mg/kg/d, every other day for 6 injections). Saline and BoNT-B were administered through the IPLT or IT route. We examined mechanical allodynia (von Frey hairs) before and at intervals after BoNT. As a control, we injected IPLT BoNT-B treated with dithiothreitol to cleave heavy chain from light chain. We measured motor function using acute thermal escape and sensorimotor tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MN and PN mice showed a persistent ipsilateral and bilateral allodynia, respectively. IPLT BoNT-B resulted in an ipsilateral dorsal horn reduction in the synaptic protein target of BoNT-B (vesicle-associated membrane protein) and a long-lasting (up to approximately 17 days) reversal of allodynia in PN and MN models. The predominant effect after IPLT delivery was ipsilateral to IPLT BoNT. The effects of IPLT BoNT-B in MN mice were blocked by prior reduction of BoNT-B with dithiothreitol. IT BoNT-B in mice with PN resulted in a bilateral reversal of allodynia. With these dosing parameters, hind paw placing and stepping reflexes were unaltered, and there were no changes in thermal escape latencies. After cisplatin, dorsal root ganglions displayed increases in activation transcription factor 3, which were reduced by IT, but not IPLT BoNT-B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BoNT-B given IPLT and IT yields a long-lasting attenuation of the allodynia in mice displaying MN and PN allodynia.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Vila Ipiranga - Campo Grande, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hue Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Rondon
authors.forename: Qinghao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tony L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yaksh
mesh_terms: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020422:Mononeuropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011115:Polyneuropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3; D000700:Analgesics; C497108:Atf3 protein, rat; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C096323:rimabotulinumtoxinB; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A