title: Exploiting cytokines in adoptive T-cell therapy of cancer.
abstract: Adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-reactive autologous T cells, either expanded from tumor specimens or genetically engineered to express tumor-reactive T-cell receptors and chimeric antigen receptors, is holding promising results in clinical trials. Several critical issues have been identified and results underline the possibility to exploit cytokines to further ameliorate the efficacy of current treatment protocols, also encompassing adoptive T-cell therapy. Here we review latest developments on the use of cytokines to better direct the nature of the T-cell infusion product, T-cell function and persistence in vivo, as well as to modulate the tumor microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petrozziello
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Tabea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sturmheit
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mondino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064592:Autografts; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: T-cell differentiation; T-cell homing; adoptive T-cell therapy; common γ-chain cytokines; hematological malignancies; innate and adaptive immune responses; proinflammatory cytokines; solid tumor; tumor microenvironment