title: Paraphenylenediamine Containing Hair Dye: An Emerging Household Poisoning.
abstract: Paraphenylenediamine poisoning is among one of the emerging causes of poisoning in Asian countries, because it is a constituent of hair dye formulations and is easily available in market at low cost. Hair dyes are rampantly used in Asian households compared with the western world. Locally, hair dye constituents may have allergic adverse effects, and acute systemic poisoning presents with characteristic angioedema, upper airway obstruction, rhabdomyolysis, methemoglobinemia, myoglobinuria, and acute renal failure. This study reports about the death of a 24-year-old Indian housewife who committed suicide by taking hair dye emulsion. She had an argument with her husband, and because of fit of rage, took a bowlful (80 mL) of hair dye emulsion kept prepared for the use by husband. She developed angioedema, cervical swelling, and rhabdomyolysis and died of acute renal failure within 24 hours. Toxicological analysis of viscera and blood revealed varying levels of paraphenylenediamine. Histopathological samples of kidney showed features of acute tubular necrosis and myoglobin casts in renal tubules. The aim of the study is to create awareness about the adverse effects of the hair dye, its poisoning outcome, and possible preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (Government of India), Pondicherry, India.
authors.forename: Ambika Prasad
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.forename: Kusa Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Shaha
authors.forename: Anand P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rayamane
authors.forename: Shreemanta Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: Manoj Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.forename: Sachidananda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohanty
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced; D000799:Angioedema / Q000139:chemically induced; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D006202:Hair Dyes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning*; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced; D013405:Suicide; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D006202:Hair Dyes; D010655:Phenylenediamines; C029728:4-phenylenediamine