title: The Stable Level of Glutamine synthetase 2 Plays an Important Role in Rice Growth and in Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolic Balance.
abstract: Glutamine synthetase 2 (GS2) is a key enzyme involved in the ammonium metabolism in plant leaves. In our previous study, we obtained GS2-cosuppressed plants, which displayed a normal growth phenotype at the seedling stage, while at the tillering stage they showed a chlorosis phenotype. In this study, to investigate the chlorosis mechanism, we systematically analyzed the plant growth, carbon-nitrogen metabolism and gene expressions between the GS2-cosuppressed rice and wild-type plants. The results revealed that the GS2-cosuppressed plants exhibited a poor plant growth phenotype and a poor nitrogen transport ability, which led to nitrogen accumulation and a decline in the carbon/nitrogen ratio in the stems. Interestingly, there was a higher concentration of soluble proteins and a lower concentration of carbohydrates in the GS2-cosuppressed plants at the seedling stage, while a contrasting result was displayed at the tillering stage. The analysis of the metabolic profile showed a significant increase of sugars and organic acids. Additionally, gene expression patterns were different in root and leaf of GS2-cosuppressed plants between the seedling and tillering stage. These results indicated the important role of a stable level of GS2 transcription during normal rice development and the importance of the carbon-nitrogen metabolic balance in rice growth.
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. baoaili19870212@163.com.
authors.forename: Aili
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. zzq@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhuqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. dgd@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Leish@mail.hzau.edu.cn.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Leish@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. fangsenxu@mail.hzau.edu.cn.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. fangsenxu@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fangsen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Microelement Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. caihongmei@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; C083818:glutamine synthetase 2; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: GS2; carbon-nitrogen; chlorosis; gene expression; metabolic profile; rice