title: Bacterial Enteric Infections Among Older Adults in the United States: Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 1996-2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A growing segment of the population-adults aged ≥65 years-is more susceptible than younger adults to certain enteric (including foodborne) infections and experience more severe disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data on laboratory-confirmed infections from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), we describe trends in the incidence of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, and nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in adults aged ≥65 years over time and by age group and sex. We used data from FoodNet and other sources to estimate the total number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States caused by these infections each year using a statistical model to adjust for underdiagnosis (taking into account medical care-seeking, stool sample submission, laboratory practices, and test sensitivity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1996 to 2012, 4 pathogens caused 21,405 laboratory-confirmed infections among older adults residing in the FoodNet surveillance area; 49.3% were hospitalized, and 2.6% died. The average annual rate of infection was highest for Salmonella (12.8/100,000) and Campylobacter (12.1/100,000). Salmonella and Listeria led as causes of death. Among older adults, rates of laboratory-confirmed infection and the percentage of patients who were hospitalized and who died generally increased with age. A notable exception was the rate of Campylobacter infections, which decreased with increasing age. Adjusting for underdiagnosis, we estimated that these pathogens caused about 226,000 illnesses (≈600/100,000) annually among U.S. adults aged ≥65 years, resulting in ≈9700 hospitalizations and ≈500 deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Campylobacter, E. coli O157, Listeria, and Salmonella are major contributors to illness in older adults, highlighting the value of effective and targeted intervention.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scallan
authors.affiliation: 2 Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Stacy M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Crim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Runkle
authors.affiliation: 2 Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Olga L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Henao
authors.affiliation: 2 Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Barbara E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Mahon
authors.affiliation: 3 Biostatistics and Information Management Office, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.affiliation: 2 Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004751:Enteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000639:trends; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008297:Male; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology