title: Guided proliferation and bone-forming functionality on highly ordered large diameter TiO2 nanotube arrays.
abstract: The significantly enhanced osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were observed on TiO2 nanotube surface in recent studies in which the scale of nanotube diameter was restricted under 100 nm. In this paper, a series of highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays with larger diameters ranging from 150 nm to 470 nm were fabricated via high voltage anodization. The behaviors of MC3T3-E1 cells in response to the diameter-controlled TiO2 nanotubes were investigated. A contrast between the trend of proliferation and the trend of cell elongation was observed. The highest cell elongation (nearly 10:1) and the lowest cell number were observed on the TiO2 nanotube arrays with 150 nm diameter. While, the lowest cell elongation and highest cell number were achieved on the TiO2 nanotube arrays with 470 nm diameter. Furthermore, the ALP activity peaked on the 150 nm diameter TiO2 nanotube arrays and decreased dramatically with the increase of nanotube diameter. Thus a narrow range of diameter (100-200 nm) that could induce the greatest bone-forming activity is determined. It is expected that more delicate design of orthopedic implant with regional abduction of cell proliferation or bone forming could be achieved by controlling the diameter of TiO2 nanotubes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P R China.
authors.forename: Ruopeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P R China.
authors.forename: Hongliu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P R China. Electronic address: jiahua.ni@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiahua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P R China.
authors.forename: Changli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P R China.
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P R China.
authors.forename: Chengjunyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P R China. Electronic address: xnzhang@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaonong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: ALP activity; Cell morphology; Large diameter; MC3T3-E1 cell; Proliferation rate; TiO(2) nanotube arrays