title: Novel players in coeliac disease pathogenesis: role of the gut microbiota.
abstract: Several studies point towards alteration in gut microbiota composition and function in coeliac disease, some of which can precede the onset of disease and/or persist when patients are on a gluten-free diet. Evidence also exists that the gut microbiota might promote or reduce coeliac-disease-associated immunopathology. However, additional studies are required in humans and in mice (using gnotobiotic technology) to determine cause-effect relationships and to identify agents for modulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic or preventative approach for coeliac disease. In this Review, we summarize the current evidence for altered gut microbiota composition in coeliac disease and discuss how the interplay between host genetics, environmental factors and the intestinal microbiota might contribute to its pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlight the importance of utilizing animal models and long-term clinical studies to gain insight into the mechanisms through which host-microbial interactions can influence host responses to gluten.
authors.affiliation: Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada.
authors.forename: Elena F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Verdu
authors.affiliation: Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Galipeau
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, MB#9, Chicago 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Bana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jabri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans