title: Thermal comfort indices of female Murrah buffaloes reared in the Eastern Amazon.
abstract: The study aimed to develop new and more specific thermal comfort indices for buffaloes reared in the Amazon region. Twenty female Murrah buffaloes were studied for a year. The animals were fed in pasture with drinking water and mineral supplementation ad libitum. The following parameters were measured twice a week in the morning (7 AM) and afternoon (1 PM): air temperature (AT), relative air humidity (RH), dew point temperature (DPT), wet bulb temperature (WBT), black globe temperature (BGT), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), and body surface temperature (BST). The temperature and humidity index (THI), globe temperature and humidity index (GTHI), Benezra's comfort index (BTCI), and Ibéria's heat tolerance index (IHTI) were calculated so they could be compared to the new indices. Multivariate regression analyses were carried out using the canonical correlation model, and all indices were correlated with the physiological and climatic variables. Three pairs of indices (general, effective, and practical) were determined comprising the buffalo comfort climatic condition index (BCCCI) and the buffalo environmental comfort index (BECI). The indices were validated and a great agreement was found among the BCCCIs (general, effective, and practical), with 98.3 % between general and effective a.nd 92.6 % between general and practical. A significant correlation (P < 0.01) was found between the new indices and the physiological and climatic variables, which indicated that these may be used in pairs to diagnose thermal stress in buffaloes reared in the Amazon.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon - UFRA, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Belém, Pará, 66077-901, Brazil, jamileandrea@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Jamile Andréa Rodrigues
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Airton Alencar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.forename: José de Brito
authors.initials: Jde B
authors.lastname: Lourenço Júnior
authors.forename: Núbia de Fátima Alves
authors.initials: Nde F
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Alexandre Rossetto
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Raimundo Parente
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001938:Brazil; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006813:Humidity; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D013696:Temperature; D013697:Thermosensing