title: Protective effect of porcine placenta in a menopausal ovariectomized mouse.
abstract: Menopause is a significant physiological phase that occurs as women's ovaries stop producing ovum and the production of estrogen declines. Human placenta and some amino acids are known to improve menopausal symptoms. In this study, we investigated that porcine placenta extract (PPE) and arginine (Arg), a main amino acid of PPE, would have estrogenic activities in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as a menopause mouse model, human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) cells, and human osteoblast cell line (MG-63) cells. PPE or Arg significantly inhibited the body weight and increased the vagina weight compared to the OVX mice. PPE or Arg ameliorated the vaginal atrophy in the OVX mice. The levels of 17β-estradiol and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased by PPE or Arg in the serum of OVX mice. Trabecular bone parameters such as bone mineral density and porosity were also improved by PPE or Arg in the OVX mice. In the MCF-7 and MG-63 cells, PPE or Arg significantly increased the cell proliferation, estrogen receptor β mRNA expression, and estrogen-response elements luciferase activity. Finally, PPE or Arg increased the activations of ALP and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the MG-63 cells. These results indicate that PPE or Arg would have estrogenic and osteoblastic activity. Therefore, PPE or Arg may be useful as new pharmacological tools for treating menopausal symptoms including osteoporosis. Free Korean abstract: A Korean translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/150/3/173/suppl/DC1.
authors.affiliation: Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Ra
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Lee
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Rae
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myoung-Schook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yoou
authors.affiliation: Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Phil-Dong
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea hmkim@khu.ac.kr hjjeong@hoseo.edu.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea hmkim@khu.ac.kr hjjeong@hoseo.edu.
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001284:Atrophy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D023421:Models, Animal; D009929:Organ Size; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010924:Placental Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014621:Vagina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000600034:ESR2 protein, human; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D010924:Placental Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004958:Estradiol; D001120:Arginine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase