title: Could EEG Monitoring in Critically Ill Children Be a Cost-effective Neuroprotective Strategy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrographic status epilepticus (ESE) in critically ill children is associated with unfavorable functional outcomes, but identifying candidates for ESE management requires resource-intense EEG monitoring. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to estimate how much ESE identification and management would need to improve patient outcomes to make EEG monitoring strategies a good value.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision tree was created to examine the relationships among variables important to deciding whether to perform EEG monitoring. Variable costs were estimated from their component parts, outcomes were estimated in quality-adjusted life-years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated to compare the relative values using four alternative EEG monitoring strategies that varied by monitoring duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight hours of EEG monitoring would be worth its cost if ESE identification and management improved patient outcomes by ≥7%. If ESE identification and management improved patient outcomes by 3% to 6%, then 24 or 48 hours of EEG monitoring would be worth the cost depending on how much decision makers were willing to pay per quality-adjusted life-year gained. If ESE identification and management improved outcomes by as little as 3%, then 24 hours of EEG monitoring would be worth the cost.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EEG monitoring has the potential to be cost-effective if ESE identification and management improves patient outcomes by as little as 3%.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Neurology, †Pediatrics and ‡Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.; §Department of Medicine, the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.; and ‖Department of Health Care Management, the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Nicholas S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Abend
authors.forename: Alexis A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Topjian
authors.forename: Sankey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000191:economics*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000175:diagnosis*