title: Effect of parallel radiofrequency transmission on arterial input function selection in dynamic contrast-enhanced 3 Tesla pelvic MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate whether parallel radiofrequency transmission (mTX) can improve the symmetry of the left and right femoral arteries in dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) of prostate and bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen prostate and 24 bladder cancer patients underwent 3.0 Tesla DCE-MRI scan with a single transmission channel coil. Subsequently, 21 prostate and 21 bladder cancer patients were scanned using the dual channel mTX upgrade. The precontrast signal ( S0) and the maximum enhancement ratio (MER) were measured in both the left and the right femoral arteries. Within the patient cohort, the ratio of S0 and MER in the left artery to that in the right artery ( S0_LR, MER_LR) was calculated with and without the use of mTX. Left to right asymmetry indices for S0 ( S0_LRasym) and MER ( MER_LRasym) were defined as the absolute values of the difference between S0_LR and 1, and the difference between MER_LR and 1, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S0_LRasym, and MER_LRasym were 0.21 and 0.19 for prostate cancer patients with mTX, and 0.43 and 0.45 for the ones imaged without it (P < 0.001). Also, for the bladder cancer patients, S0_LRasym, and MER_LRasym were 0.11 and 0.9 with mTX, while imaging without it yielded 0.52 and 0.39 (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  mTX can significantly improve left-to-right symmetry of femoral artery precontrast signal and contrast enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.|Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Hatim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Saba N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Huyen T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Philips Healthcare, Highland Heights, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Harry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Friel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Knopp
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Statistics, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: BeiBei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Heymsfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.|Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D011846:Radio Waves; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: DCE-MRI; bladder cancer; parallel RF transmission; prostate cancer