title: Active control of epithelial cell-density gradients grown along the channel of an organic electrochemical transistor.
abstract: Complex patterning of the extracellular matrix, cells, and tissues under in situ electronic control is the aim of the technique presented here. The distribution of epithelial cells along the channel of an organic electrochemical transistor is shown to be actively controlled by the gate and drain voltages, as electrochemical gradients are formed along the transistor channel when the device is biased..
authors.affiliation: Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University 601 74 Norrköping (Sweden).|Strategic Research Center for Organic Bioelectronics Linköping University 581 83 Linköping (Sweden).
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bolin
authors.affiliation: Strategic Research Center for Organic Bioelectronics Linköping University 581 83 Linköping (Sweden).|Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm (Sweden).
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Svennersten
authors.affiliation: Strategic Research Center for Organic Bioelectronics Linköping University 581 83 Linköping (Sweden).|Acreo AB Box 787 601 17 Norrköping (Sweden).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Strategic Research Center for Organic Bioelectronics Linköping University 581 83 Linköping (Sweden).|Acreo AB Box 787 601 17 Norrköping (Sweden).
authors.forename: Anurak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawatdee
authors.affiliation: Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University 601 74 Norrköping (Sweden).|Strategic Research Center for Organic Bioelectronics Linköping University 581 83 Linköping (Sweden).
authors.forename: Edwin W H
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.affiliation: Strategic Research Center for Organic Bioelectronics Linköping University 581 83 Linköping (Sweden).|Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm (Sweden).
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richter-Dahlfors
authors.affiliation: Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University 601 74 Norrköping (Sweden). magbe@itn.liu.se.|Strategic Research Center for Organic Bioelectronics Linköping University 581 83 Linköping (Sweden). magbe@itn.liu.se.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berggren
keywords: cell cultures; electrochamistry; epithelial growth; organic transistor; transistors