title: Prophylactic treatment for delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting after non-AC based moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains an important adverse effect of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy not containing anthracyclines and cyclophosphamide (non-AC MEC). In this review, we summarize current literature to update recommendations for delayed CINV prophylaxis after non-AC MEC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and conference proceedings from ASCO, ESMO, and MASCC. Included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of two or more antiemetic strategies in the prevention of delayed CINV after the administration of non-AC MEC. At least one of the following endpoints was used: complete response, complete control, no nausea, no vomiting, and/or no use of rescue medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our search provided 247 publications. Nine met the predefined criteria. Included RCTs reported outcomes on palonosetron, aprepitant, casopitant, netupitant/palonosetron (NEPA), olanzapine, and megestrol acetate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superiority of palonosetron over first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the prevention of acute and delayed CINV after non-AC MEC has not been proven. The addition of an NK1 receptor antagonist to first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists does not significantly improve the incidence of delayed CINV after non-AC MEC. The efficacy of a single-day regimen of dexamethasone with palonosetron is non-inferior to multiday dexamethasone. NEPA, olanzapine, and megestrol acetate show highly effective complete response (CR) rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maurice J D L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van der Vorst
authors.forename: Elisabeth C W
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Neefjes
authors.forename: Inge R H M
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Konings
authors.forename: Henk M W
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Verheul
mesh_terms: D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents