title: Herbs to curb cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and their potential role in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Cyclic nucleotides viz., cAMP/cGMP has been well known to play important role in cellular function and deficiency in their levels has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are the enzymes involved in the metabolism of cyclic nucleotides and the inhibition of phosphodiesterases is considered to be viable strategy to restore the level of cyclic nucleotides and their functions in the brain. Various synthetic PDE inhibitors had been used clinically for various disorders and also suggested to be useful candidates for treating neurological disorders. However, side effects of these synthetic PDE inhibitors have limited their use in clinical practice. Natural plant extracts or their bio-active compounds are considered to be safe and are widely acceptable. During the last decade, many plant extracts or their bio-active compounds were tested pre-clinically for PDE inhibitory activity and are reported to be equally potent in inhibiting PDE's, as that of synthetic compounds. The present review is aimed to discuss the potential plant extract/compounds with PDE inhibitory activity and critically discuss their potential role in Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Ashwani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Vishavdeep
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Vijay Pal
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaundal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India; Molecular Modeling and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
authors.forename: Manish Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Jitender
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bariwal
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India. Electronic address: login2rd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008568:Memory; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Cognitive functions; Herbal plants; Learning and memory; Phosphodiesterase