title: [Hypoxemia due to pulmonary tumor microembolisms from a hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report].
abstract: We report a case of pulmonary tumor embolism due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A woman in her 60s was treated with sorafenib 800 mg daily for HCC with lymph node metastasis. Approximately 50 days after taking sorafenib, she experienced dyspnea and was admitted to the hospital on account of hypoxia. Although her oxygen saturation levels deteriorated, we could find no obvious cause for the hypoxia; despite artificial respiration and oxygenation, she died of respiratory failure on the fourth day of admission. Tissue samples revealed that the HCC cells had infiltrated her lung arterioles; therefore, we concluded that multiple tumor microembolisms from the HCC to the lungs had caused death via respiratory failure. Cases of hypoxia caused by multiple invisible embolisms from HCCs are rarely reported. We believe that infiltration into the lymphatic system may have been related to the development of pulmonary tumor microembolisms.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Liver Disease, Shin-Kokura Hospital.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiura
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nomura
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology*