title: Maintenance therapy with toceranib following doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for canine splenic hemangiosarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in dogs treated with surgery alone is associated with short survival times, and the addition of doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy only modestly improves outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of toceranib administration on progression free survival in dogs with stage I or II HSA following splenectomy and single agent DOX chemotherapy. We hypothesized that dogs with splenic HSA treated with adjuvant DOX followed by toceranib would have prolonged disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival time (OS) when compared to historical dogs treated with DOX-based chemotherapy alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dogs with stage I or II splenic HSA were administered 5 cycles of single-agent DOX every 2 weeks beginning within 14 days of splenectomy. Dogs were restaged 2 weeks after completing DOX, and those without evidence of metastatic disease began toceranib therapy at 3.25 mg/kg every other day. Forty-three dogs were enrolled in this clinical trial. Seven dogs had evidence of metastatic disease either before or at re-staging, and an additional 3 dogs were found to have metastatic disease within 1 week of toceranib administration. Therefore 31 dogs went on to receive toceranib following completion of doxorubicin treatment. Twenty-five dogs that received toceranib developed metastatic disease. The median disease free interval for all dogs enrolled in this study (n = 43) was 138 days, and the median disease free interval for those dogs that went on to receive toceranib (n = 31) was 161 days. The median survival time for all dogs enrolled in this study was 169 days, and the median survival time for those dogs that went on to receive toceranib was 172 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of toceranib following DOX chemotherapy does not improve either disease free interval or overall survival in dogs with stage I or II HSA.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 454 VMAB, 1925 Coffey Rd, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 454 VMAB, 1925 Coffey Rd, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA. london.20@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: London
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Veterinary Medicine, Champaign, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Roberta A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Portela
authors.affiliation: Animal Referral Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Cancer Group, Tustin, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mona P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.affiliation: Southwest Veterinary Oncology, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Hope Veterinary Specialists, Malvern, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Thamm
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Vail
authors.affiliation: VCA Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hill, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.affiliation: Sage Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Concord, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crawford-Jakubiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Southeast Veterinary Oncology and Medicine, Orange Park, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Locke
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Veterinary Medicine, Champaign, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Garrett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006394:Hemangiosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013160:Splenic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D011758:Pyrroles; C464577:toceranib phosphate; D004317:Doxorubicin