title: Mandibular vertical asymmetry in adult orthodontic patients with different vertical growth patterns: A cone beam computed tomography study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry in adult orthodontic patients with different vertical growth patterns and a clinically normal sagittal skeletal pattern using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 101 adult orthodontic patients (48 men and 53 women) divided into three groups according to their vertical growth patterns: high- (33 patients; mean age, 25.06 ± 6.05 years), low- (34 patients; mean age, 24.88 ± 5.22 years), and normal-angle (34 patients; mean age, 24.14 ± 4.26 years) groups. Condylar, ramal, condylar plus ramal height, and index measurements were performed using CBCT images and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference in height measurements between right and left sides in each group, except a slight difference of approximately 0.5 mm for condylar height (CH) in the low-angle group (P < .05). No statistically significant gender differences were found for the values (P > .05). In the high-angle group, the ramal height (RH) and condylar plus ramal height (CH + RH) on both sides were found to be less than those of the low- (P < .001) and normal-angle groups (P < .017 and P > .017, respectively), and the asymmetry index values were slightly higher than those of the low- and normal-angle groups (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high-angle group showed statistically significantly smaller values of RH and CH + RH on both sides and statistically insignificantly higher asymmetry index values than the low- and normal-angle groups.
authors.affiliation: a  Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: b  Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mevlut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celikoglu
authors.affiliation: c  Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Buyuk
authors.affiliation: d  Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: A Ercan
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sekerci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005146:Facial Asymmetry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Condylar asymmetry; Cone-beam computed tomography; Mandibular asymmetry