title: Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the celiac disease DUX (CDDUX).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate a specific questionnaire for the evaluation of celiac children and adolescents, the celiac disease DUX (CDDUX).
  
  
  METHODS
  The steps suggested by Reichenheim and Moraes (2007) were followed to obtain conceptual, item, semantic, operational, and measurement equivalences. Four pediatric gastroenterologists; a researcher with tool validation background; three English teachers; and 33 celiac patients, aged 8-18 years, and their caregivers participated in the study. The scores of celiac patients and those obtained from their caregivers were compared. Among the patients, the scores were compared in relation to gender and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All items were considered relevant to the construct and good semantic equivalence of the version was acquired. During measurement equivalence, the exploratory factor analysis showed appropriate weight of all items and good internal consistency, with Cronbach's α of 0.81. Significant difference was found among the final scores of children and their caregivers. There was no difference among the final scores in relation to gender or age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questionnaire was translated and adapted according to all the proposed steps, with all equivalences adequately met. It is a valid tool to access the QoL of celiac children and adolescents in the translated language.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Pediatric Gastroenterology Service, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: manuela.atorres@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manuela Torres Camara
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lins
authors.affiliation: Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Miranda
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tassitano
authors.affiliation: Maternal-Child Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Galeão
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Maternal-Child Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margarida Maria de Castro
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giselia Alves Pontes da
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D017028:Caregivers; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations
keywords: Adaptação transcultural; Celiac disease; Cross-cultural adaptation; Doença Celíaca; Qualidade de vida; Quality of life