title: Genotype-phenotype correlation in multiresistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in Western Romania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacterial multidrug-resistance (MDR) to antimicrobials has become an important public health issue all over the world and it involves both hospital and community-acquired strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  A number of 75 Escherichia coli and 77 Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.) strains identified in biological samples collected from community (CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) infections were found to be resistant to the third generation cephalosporins. Of these, 93 MDR strains were subjected to microarray analysis to detect the expression of 31 antimicrobial resistance genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that all HA extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli strains had at least one resistance gene to third generation cephalosporins, while in 54% of all CA strains genetic substrates justifying their antibiotic resistance were identified. Almost 81% of HA-ESBL (Extended-Spectrum β Lactamase) K. pneumoniae strains had at least one resistance gene to third generation cephalosporins, while in only 6% of the CA strains a similar genotype was identified. In the HA group, the blaCTX-M-15 genotype proved to be most frequent in multidrug-resistant E. coli strains and second most frequent (after ampC) in K. pneumoniae, while in the CA group, this genotype was the fourth most frequent in ESBL E. coli (after ampC, sul1, tet(R)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, in 67% of all ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae strains a genetic substrate justifying the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was identified; most of the remaining 33.33% strains were CA with a predominance of K. pneumoniae, in which a different antibiotic resistance genetic substrate (outside the detection limit of the kit used in this study) might have been involved.
authors.affiliation: "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania. deliacristimuntean@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Licker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anghel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moldovan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hogea
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muntean
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horhat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seclaman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anghel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baditoiu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D056726:Genetic Association Studies / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012383:Romania / Q000453:epidemiology; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D047090:beta-Lactams