title: Development of individualized anti-metastasis strategies by engineering nanomedicines.
abstract: Metastasis is deadly and also tough to treat as it is much more complicated than the primary tumour. Anti-metastasis approaches available so far are far from being optimal. A variety of nanomedicine formulae provide a plethora of opportunities for developing new strategies and means for tackling metastasis. It should be noted that individualized anti-metastatic nanomedicines are different from common anti-cancer nanomedicines as they specifically target different populations of malignant cells. This review briefly introduces the features of the metastatic cascade, and proposes a series of nanomedicine-based anti-metastasis strategies aiming to block each metastatic step. Moreover, we also concisely introduce the advantages of several promising nanoparticle platforms and their potential for constructing state-of-the-art individualized anti-metastatic nanomedicines.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China. nanoflower@126.com.|Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. shawn.chen@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Qianjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shengrong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China. nanoflower@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. shawn.chen@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents