title: Improvement of the Immunogenicity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 DNA Vaccine by Recombinant ORF2 Gene and CpG Motifs.
abstract: Nowadays, adjuvant is still important for boosting immunity and improving resistance in animals. In order to boost the immunity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) DNA vaccine, CpG motifs were inserted. In this study, the dose-effect was studied, and the immunity of PCV2 DNA vaccines by recombinant open reading frame 2 (ORF2) gene and CpG motifs was evaluated. Three-week-old Changbai piglets were inoculated intramuscularly with 200 μg, 400 μg, and 800 μg DNA vaccines containing 14 and 18 CpG motifs, respectively. Average gain and rectum temperature were recorded everyday during the experiments. Blood was collected from the piglets after vaccination to detect the changes of specific antibodies, interleukin-2, and immune cells every week. Tissues were collected for histopathology and polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that compared to those of the control piglets, all concentrations of two DNA vaccines could induce PCV2-specific antibodies. A cellular immunity test showed that PCV2-specific lymphocytes proliferated the number of TH, TC, and CD3+ positive T-cells raised in the blood of DNA vaccine immune groups. There was no distinct pathological damage and viremia occurring in pigs that were inoculated with DNA vaccines, but there was some minor pathological damage in the control group. The results demonstrated that CpG motifs as an adjuvant could boost the humoral and cellular immunity of pigs to PCV2, especially in terms of cellular immunity. Comparing two DNA vaccines that were constructed, the one containing 18 CpG motifs was more effective. This is the first report that CpG motifs as an adjuvant insert to the PCV2 DNA vaccine could boost immunity.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Jian
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Bo
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Hui
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Qiang
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Bao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000662:veterinary; D017925:Circovirus / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D007376:Interleukin-2; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines