title: Tricuspid valve endocarditis associated with intravenous nyoape use: a report of 3 cases.
abstract: We report three cases of tricuspid valve infective endocarditis associated with intravenous nyoape use. Nyoape is a variable drug combination of an antiretroviral (efavirenz or ritonavir), heroin, metamphetamines and cannabis. Its use is becoming increasingly common among poor communities in South Africa. All our patients were young HIV-positive men from disadvantaged backgrounds. They all presented with tricuspid regurgitation and septic pulmonary emboli. They were treated with prolonged intravenous antibiotic courses, and one required referral for surgery.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Essop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002188:Cannabis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D003932:Heroin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013019:South Africa; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000473:pathology; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine; D003932:Heroin; C098320:efavirenz; D019438:Ritonavir