title: Bone morphogenetic protein is required for fibroblast growth factor 2-dependent later-stage osteoblastic differentiation in cranial suture cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding the pathophysiological process of calvarial bones development is important for the treatments on relative diseases such as craniosynostosis. While, the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and how they interacted in osteoblast differentiation remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  we digested bone fragments around the coronal and sagittal sutures from newborn rats to harvest suture cells. Markers expression at different osteoblast differentiation stage was analyzed by increasing FGF2 concentration and BMP2 blocking in these cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMP2 expression could be stimulated by FGF2 in a dose and time dependent manner. FGF2 stimulation may decrease early marker of osteoblast differentiation (collagen type-1, COL-1) and increase the expression of continuously-expressed or late markers (alkaline phosphatase, ALP; osteocalcin, OC and bone sialoprotein, BSP) to accelerate mineralization. Inhibition of BMP2 signaling by Noggin weakens the effect of FGF2 on induction of later-stage osteoblastic differentiation of cranial suture cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that BMP2 signaling is required for FGF2-dependent induction of later-stage of cranial suture cell osteoblastic differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Taoran
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shengfang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yoong Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Dejun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
keywords: Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2); bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2); osteoblast differentiation; suture cells