title: Global age distribution of pediatric norovirus cases.
abstract: Norovirus is increasingly recognized as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis among children <5 years of age. We searched for publications that reported detailed age distributions of pediatric norovirus cases, and assessed associations between age distribution and socio-demographic factors to identify the most critical age periods to prevent norovirus cases among young children. Approximately 70% of pediatric norovirus cases occurred between 6 and 23 months of age. A younger age distribution was found in lower income countries and inpatient settings. These findings suggest that a norovirus immunization schedule completed by 6 months could have the potential to prevent about 85% of pediatric cases, while a vaccine delivered at 12 months of age would only have the potential to prevent about 50% of pediatric cases. With a younger age distribution in lower income settings, early prevention would be even more critical.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Technology, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Electronic address: yji4@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shioda
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Technology, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Electronic address: wyc4@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kambhampati
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: esg3@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Aron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: iow4@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Ben A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lopman
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Age distribution; Gastroenteritis; Norovirus; Socioeconomic factors; Vaccine; Vaccines