title: Herbicide toxicity on river biofilms assessed by pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry.
abstract: The use of Rapid light curves (RLCs) as a toxicity endpoint for river biofilms was examined in this study and compared to "classical fluorescence parameters" i.e. minimal fluorescence (F0), optimal and effective quantum yields of photosystem II (Fv/Fm and ФPSII). Measurements were performed after exposure to five concentrations of diuron (from 0.3 to 33.4μgL(-1)), its main degradation product (DCPMU) (from 1.0 to 1014μgL(-1)) and norflurazon (from 0.6 to 585μgL(-1)) with the lowest exposure concentrations corresponding to levels regularly encountered in chronically contaminated sites. Biofilm responses were evaluated after 1, 5, 7 and 14 days of exposure to the different toxicants. Overall, the responses of both "classical fluorescence parameters" and RLC endpoints were highly time dependent and related to the mode of action of the different compounds. Interestingly, parameters calculated from RLCs (α, ETRmax and Ik) were useful early markers of pesticide exposure since they revealed significant effects of all the tested toxicants from the first day of exposure. In comparison, classical fluorescence endpoints (F0 and Fv/Fm) measured at day 1 were only affected in the DCPMU treatment. Our results demonstrated the interest of RLCs as early markers of toxicant exposure particularly when working with toxicants with less specific mode of action than PSII inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Irstea, UR EABX, 50 Avenue de Verdun, F-33612, Cestas Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France. Electronic address: sandra.kimtiam@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim Tiam
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia and CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, France; CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230, Villefranche-Sur-Mer France.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laviale
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feurtet-Mazel
authors.affiliation: Irstea, UR EABX, 50 Avenue de Verdun, F-33612, Cestas Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Gwilherm
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Irstea, UR EABX, 50 Avenue de Verdun, F-33612, Cestas Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mazzella
authors.affiliation: Irstea, UR EABX, 50 Avenue de Verdun, F-33612, Cestas Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Soizic
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D004237:Diuron / Q000633:toxicity; D005453:Fluorescence; D005470:Fluorometry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004237:Diuron
keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence; Dose-response curves; Environmental risk assessment; Periphyton; Pesticides; Rapid light curves