title: Fundamentals and Advances in Tonometry.
abstract: According to the World Health Organization, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Although intraocular pressure (IOP) is not considered any more to be a defining feature of the disease, its lowering remains the only treatment option for glaucoma. Therefore, accurate and precise measurement of IOP is the cornerstone of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is a highly dynamic physiological parameter with individual circadian rhythms. The main limitation of current tonometry methods remains the static and mostly office-based nature of their measurements. This review provides a brief historical overview on tonometry and discusses current tonometry instruments. In recent years, approaches to 24-hour IOP monitoring have been introduced, and there is hope that they may become part of routine clinical management in the future.
authors.affiliation: From the *Hamilton Glaucoma Center and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; †Glaucoma Sector, Department of Ophthalmology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; and ‡Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nuyen
authors.forename: Kaweh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mansouri
mesh_terms: D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000379:methods*