title: ABCs of Evidence-based Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Strategies in Female Athletes.
abstract: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a major concern in physically active females. Although ACL reconstruction techniques have seen significant advances in recent years, risk associated with re-injury and future osteoarthritis remains a major concern. Thus, prevention of ACL injury is a logical step to protect and preserve healthy knee joints in young athletes. The current report aims to summarize a list of evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce ACL injury in female athletes. A list of six critical principles, which come from documented, large scale clinical trial studies and further analyses, were presented with ABC format including age, biomechanics, compliance, dosage, exercise, and feedback. Also, a grade for evidence and implications of future research is noted. Finally, in the conclusion section, importance of collaborative efforts from healthcare practitioners, researchers, and personnel associated with athletics is addressed.
authors.affiliation: The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA ; Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA ; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH ; Sports Medicine Biodynamics Center and Human Performance Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH ; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH ; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Myer
authors.affiliation: The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA ; Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Lyle J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH ; Sports Medicine Biodynamics Center and Human Performance Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH ; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH ; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH ; OSU Sports Medicine Sports Health & Performance Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Family Medicine, Anatomy and Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hewett
keywords: ACL; Evidence-based; Female athletes; Prevention; Strategies