title: Caregiver Person-Centeredness and Behavioral Symptoms in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia: A Timed-Event Sequential Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence suggests that person-centered caregiving approaches may reduce dementia-related behavioral symptoms; however, little is known about the sequential and temporal associations between specific caregiver actions and behavioral symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify sequential associations between caregiver person-centered actions, task-centered actions, and resident behavioral symptoms and the temporal variation within these associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Videorecorded observations of naturally occurring interactions (N = 33; 724min) between 12 nursing home (NH) residents with dementia and eight certified nursing assistants were coded for caregiver person-centered actions, task-centered actions, and resident behavioral symptoms and analyzed using timed-event sequential analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although caregiver actions were predominantly person-centered, we found that resident behavioral symptoms were significantly more likely to occur following task-centered caregiver actions than person-centered actions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that the person-centeredness of caregivers is sequentially and temporally related to behavioral symptoms in individuals with dementia. Additional research examining the temporal structure of these relationships may offer valuable insights into the utility of caregiver person-centeredness as a low-cost strategy for improving behavioral symptom management in the NH setting.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S Middleton Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Madison, Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing. algilmore@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gilmore-Bykovskyi
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S Middleton Hospital, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Madison, Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing.
authors.forename: Tonya J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing.
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D014741:Video Recording; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Caregiver task-centeredness; Mealtime interactions; Person-centered interaction