title: Recent advances on ocular Demodex infestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize recent advances on ocular Demodex infestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demodex infestation is a potential cause of ocular surface inflammation. The pathogenesis of Demodex in eliciting ocular surface inflammation has been further clarified. Cliradex is currently the treatment of choice, it comprises the most active ingredient of tea tree oil, that is terpinen-4-ol, which helps eradicate Demodex mites and reduce ocular surface inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular demodicosis is a common but overlooked eye disease that manifests a number of morbidities. Demodex folliculorum causes chronic anterior blepharitis whereas Demodex brevis causes posterior blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, recurrent chalazia, and refractory keratoconjunctivitis. The lash sampling and microscopic counting method and in-vivo confocal microscopy are key diagnostic methods. Cliradex shows promising potential to reduce Demodex counts with additional antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory actions.
authors.affiliation: aOcular Surface Center bOcular Surface Research Education Foundation cTissueTech, Inc., Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Anny M S
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hosam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sheha
authors.forename: Scheffer C G
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001762:Blepharitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000628:therapy; D015822:Eye Infections, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000469:parasitology*; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000628:therapy; D008925:Mites; D020947:Tea Tree Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D020947:Tea Tree Oil