title: In ovo administration of human recombinant leptin shows dose dependent angiogenic effect on chicken chorioallantoic membrane.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptin, the cytokine produced by white adipose tissue is known to regulate food energy homeostasis through its hypothalamic receptor. In vitro studies have demonstrated that leptin plays a major role in angiogenesis through binding to the receptor Ob-R present on ECs by stimulating and initiating new capillary like structures from ECs. Various in vivo studies indicate that leptin has diverse effect on angiogenesis. A few reports have showed that leptin exerts pro angiogenic effects while some suggested that it has antiangiogenic potential. It is theoretically highly important to understand the effect of leptin on angiogenesis to use as a therapeutic molecule in various angiogenesis related pathological conditions. Chicken chorio allantoic membrane (CAM) on 9th day of incubation was incubated with 1, 3 and 5 μg concentration of HRL for 72 h using gelatin sponge. Images where taken after every 24 h of incubation and analysed with Angioguant software. The treated area was observed under microscope and histological evaluation was performed for the same. Tissue thickness was calculated morphometrically from haematoxylin and eosin stained cross sections. Reverse transcriptase PCR and immunohistochemistry were also performed to study the gene and protein level expression of angiogenic molecules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HRL has the ability to induce new vessel formation at the treated area and growth of the newly formed vessels and cellular morphological changes occur in a dose dependent manner. Increase in the tissue thickness at the treated area is suggestive of initiation of new capillary like structures. Elevated mRNA and protein level expression of VEGF165 and MMP2 along with the activation of ECs as demonstrated by the presence of CD34 expression supports the neovascularization potential of HRL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiogenic potential of HRL depends on the concentration and time of incubation and is involved in the activation of ECs along with the major interaction of VEGF 165 and MMP2. It is also observed that 3 μg of HRL exhibits maximum angiogenic potential at 72 h of incubation. Thus our data suggest that dose dependent angiogenic potential HRL could provide a novel role in angiogenic dependent therapeutics such as ischemia and wound healing conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG IBMS, Taramani Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600 113, Tamilnadu, India. rejimanjunath@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Reji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manjunathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG IBMS, Taramani Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600 113, Tamilnadu, India. rmalathigenetics@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Malathi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ragunathan
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020738:Leptin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008853:Microscopy; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D015053:Zygote
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D020738:Leptin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D018093:Gelatinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2