title: Novel Serum Biomarkers to Differentiate Cholangiocarcinoma from Benign Biliary Tract Diseases Using a Proteomic Approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most frequent biliary malignancy, which poses high mortality rate due to lack of early detection. Hence, most CCA cases are present at the advanced to late stages with local or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Currently available tumor markers including CA19-9 and CEA are inefficient and of limited usage due to low sensitivity and specificity. Here, we attempt to identify serum tumor markers for CCA that can effectively distinguish CCA from benign biliary tract diseases (BBTDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from 19 CCA patients and 17 BBTDs were separated by SDS-PAGE followed with LC-MS/MS and were subjected to statistical analysis and cross-validation to identify proteins whose abundance was significantly elevated or suppressed in CCA samples compared to BBTDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to identifying several proteins previously known to be differentially expressed in CCA and BBTDs, we also discovered a number of molecules that were previously not associated with CCA. These included FAM19A5, MAGED4B, KIAA0321, RBAK, and UPF3B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novel serum biomarkers to distinguish CCA from BBTDs were identified using a proteomic approach. Further validation of these proteins has the potential to provide a biomarker for differentiating CCA from BBTDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Rajdhevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tavan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6376-5575
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janvilisri
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kawin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leelawat
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sittiruk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roytrakul
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Atchara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paemanee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Rajdhevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rutaiwan
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3670-1004
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tohtong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019744:Chemokines, C / Q000097:blood; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040901:Proteomics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019744:Chemokines, C; C529062:RBaK protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C435488:UPF3B protein, human