title: Percutaneous microwave ablation combined with simultaneous transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) combined with simultaneous transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA combined with simultaneous TACE for advanced ICC at our institution were included. Posttreatment contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were retrieved and reviewed for tumor response to the treatment. Routine laboratory studies, including hematology and liver function tests were collected and analyzed. Procedure-related complications were reviewed and survival rates were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 2011 to December 2014, a total of 26 advanced ICC patients were treated at our single institute with ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA combined with simultaneous TACE. There were 15 males and eleven females with an average age of 57.9±10.4 years (range, 43-75 years). Of 26 patients, 20 (76.9%) patients were newly diagnosed advanced ICC without any treatment, and six (23.1%) were recurrent and treated with surgical resection of the original tumor. The complete ablation rate was 92.3% (36/39 lesions) for advanced ICC. There were no major complications observed. There was no death directly from the treatment. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 6.2 and 19.5 months, respectively. The 6-, 12-, and 24-month survival rates were 88.5%, 69.2%, and 61.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA combined with simultaneous TACE therapy can be performed safely in all patients with advanced ICC. The complete ablation rate was high and there was no major complication. The overall 24-month survival was 61.5%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guo-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xu-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing-Xin
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: interventional radiology; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; microwave ablation; transarterial chemoembolization