title: Factors that Contribute in the First Hookah Smoking Trial by Women: A Qualitative Study from Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hookah smoking is growing in popularity especially among women but little is known about the determinants influencing on hookah smoking initiation. In order to address this emerging health risk, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the factors that contribute in the first hookah smoking trial by women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This qualitative study was conducted during 2012 to 2013 in Tehran, Iran. Participants were recruited to represent diversity in smoking status, ethnicity, age groups and residence. Data was collected through in-depth individual interviews and was analyzed through content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four main themes were identified from the qualitative data including: Positive attitude toward hookah smoking; Social and family facilitators; Psychosocial needs and gaps and Sensory characteristic of hookah.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From this study, a variety of factors which contribute to the initiation of hookah smoking among women have been identified. Since one of the major causes of increased hookah smoking may be its ordinary use, all factors causing the ordinary use should be eliminated, and efforts should be made in opposition to hookah smoking promotions.
authors.affiliation: 1. Community-Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baheiraei
authors.affiliation: 2. Dept. of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahbazi Sighaldeh
authors.affiliation: 3. Behavioral Sciences Research Center (BSRC) & Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebadi
authors.affiliation: 4. Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelishadi
authors.affiliation: 5. School of Public Health and Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Majdzadeh
keywords: Ghelyan; Hookah; Qualitative research; Smoking; Tobacco; Waterpipe; Woman