title: Distribution of furin, TNF-α, and TGF-β2 in the endometrium of missed abortion and voluntary first trimester termination cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the role of furin, TNF-α, and TGF-β2 in human missed abortion pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Decidual materials were collected from patients diagnosed with a missed abortion (n = 10) (missed abortion group) and from legal voluntary termination cases at < 10 gestational weeks (n = 10) (normal pregnancy group). Tissue samples were collected from each group by dilation and curettage under mask anesthesia. For all tissue samples,furin, TNF-α, and TGF-β2 primary antibodies were performed by immunohistochemical staining. The number of stained cells was evaluated by using the H-score technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In immunohistochemical examination, the immunoreactivities of furin, TNF-α, and TGF-β2 were found to be higher in syncytiotrophoblastic cells in the missed abortion group than in the normal pregnancy group (p < 0.005). Additionally, high immunoreactivity of TNF-α and TGF-β2 molecules was established only in cytotrophoblastic cells of missed abortions (p < 0.005) in examination at decidual cells of the missed abortion group; furin immunoreactivities were detected higher in the missed abortion group than in the control group, but TNF-α and TGF-β2 immunoreactivity were increased in number in the normal pregnancy group (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is considered that high levels offurin and the 2 furin-related proteins (TNF-α and TGF-β2), which play important roles in proliferation, invasion, migration, differentiation, and survival of cells, may be the reason of proceeding decidualization, placentation, and prevention from abortion, in spite of terminating thefetal life.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozbilgin
authors.forename: Afşin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.forename: Burcu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.forename: Coşkun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atay
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vatansever
authors.forename: Elgin T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Uluer
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozçakir
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000030:Abortion, Missed / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D045683:Furin / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C468731:FURIN protein, human; D045683:Furin