title: Role of nitric oxide in murine conventional outflow physiology.
abstract: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main risk factor for glaucoma. Exogenous nitric oxide (NO) decreases IOP by increasing outflow facility, but whether endogenous NO production contributes to the physiological regulation of outflow facility is unclear. Outflow facility was measured by pressure-controlled perfusion in ex vivo eyes from C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) or transgenic mice expressing human endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) superimposed on the endogenously expressed murine eNOS (eNOS-GFPtg). In WT mice, exogenous NO delivered by 100 μM S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) increased outflow facility by 62 ± 28% (SD) relative to control eyes perfused with the inactive SNAP analog N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (NAP; n = 5, P = 0.016). In contrast, in eyes from eNOS-GFPtg mice, SNAP had no effect on outflow facility relative to NAP (-9 ± 4%, P = 0.40). In WT mice, the nonselective NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10 μM) decreased outflow facility by 36 ± 13% (n = 5 each, P = 0.012), but 100 μM l-NAME had no detectable effect on outflow facility (-16 ± 5%, P = 0.22). An eNOS-selective inhibitor (cavtratin, 50 μM) decreased outflow facility by 19 ± 12% in WT (P = 0.011) and 39 ± 25% in eNOS-GFPtg (P = 0.014) mice. In the conventional outflow pathway of eNOS-GFPtg mice, eNOS-GFP expression was localized to endothelial cells lining Schlemm's canal and the downstream vessels, with no apparent expression in the trabecular meshwork. These results suggest that endogenous NO production by eNOS within endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal or downstream vessels contributes to the physiological regulation of aqueous humor outflow facility in mice, representing a viable strategy to more successfully lower IOP in glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina;
authors.forename: Jason Y H
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina;
authors.forename: W Daniel
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Stamer
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.
authors.forename: A Thomas
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Marando
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: C Ross
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ethier
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; d.overby@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Darryl R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Overby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse
keywords: aqueous humor outflow; glaucoma; intraocular pressure; mouse model; nitric oxide