title: Heat shock protein 60 levels in tissue and circulating exosomes in human large bowel cancer before and after ablative surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a chaperonin involved in tumorigenesis, but its participation in tumor development and progression is not well understood and its value as a tumor biomarker has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, the authors presented evidence supporting the theory that Hsp60 has potential as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target in patients with large bowel cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied a population of 97 subjects, including patients and controls. Immunomorphology, Western blot analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed on tissue specimens. Exosomes were isolated from blood and characterized by electron microscopy, biochemical tests, and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hsp60 was found to be increased in cancerous tissue, in which it was localized in the tumor cell plasma membrane, and in the interstitium associated with cells of the immune system, in which it was associated with exosomes liberated by tumor cells and, as such, circulated in the blood. An interesting finding was that these parameters returned to normal shortly after tumor removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data from the current study suggested that Hsp60 is a good candidate for theranostics applied to patients with large bowel carcinoma and encourage similar research among patients with other tumors in which Hsp60 has been implicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.|Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campanella
authors.affiliation: Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.|Department of Legal Science, Society and Sports, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sciumè
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.|Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marino Gammazza
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.|Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.|Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bucchieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Management, Informatics and Mechanical Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curcurù
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.|Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caruso Bavisotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.|Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitruzzella
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Girolamo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geraci
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Modica
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zummo
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fais
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.|Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Everly
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Conway de Macario
authors.affiliation: Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.|Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.|Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Alberto J L
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Macario
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.|Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cappello
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018834:Chaperonin 60; C060293:HSPD1 protein, human; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins
keywords: colon adenocarcinoma; exosomes; heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60); macrophages; natural killer cells; plasma cell membrane; theranostics