title: Epidemiology, Evolution, and Recent Outbreaks of Avian Influenza Virus in China.
abstract: Novel reassortants of H7N9, H10N8, and H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are currently circulating in China's poultry flocks, occasionally infecting humans and other mammals. Combined with the sometimes enzootic H5N1 and H9N2 strains, this cauldron of genetically diverse AIVs pose significant risks to public health. Here, we review the epidemiology, evolution, and recent outbreaks of AIVs in China, discuss reasons behind the recent increase in the emergence of novel AIVs, and identify warning signs which may point to the emergence of a potentially virulent and highly transmissible AIV to humans. This review will be useful to authorities who consider options for the detection and control of AIV transmission in animals and humans, with the goal of preventing future epidemics and pandemics.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Shenzen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China shoujunli@scau.edu.cn Beeyh@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Global Health Institute, and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Shenzen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China shoujunli@scau.edu.cn Beeyh@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Shoujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D058872:Epidemics / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D058873:Pandemics; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary