title: [Congenital hemangiomas: Report on ten patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital hemangiomas (CHs) are rare congenital vascular tumors seldom mentioned in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a retrospective study of all the cases of CH diagnosed and treated at Besançon Hospital from 2008 to 2014. The clinical, radiological, and histological data of each case were collected. All the children were seen again in 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten CHs (seven rapidly involuting CHs, RICH and three non-involuting CH, NICH), predominantly full-term eutrophic male infants, were enrolled. RICHs were located on the head (n=2), trunk (n=2), and lower limbs (n=3), and NICHs were found on the hands. Diagnosis was clinical for all ten infants. All CHs resembled "tumor" congenital lesions: single, oval-shaped, nonpulsatile, and well delimited, and their size did not increase after birth. Two RICHs were warm, one had phlebolites, and two had draining veins at the first visit. The mean age of the RICH involution onset was 1.7 months and the mean time to complete involution was 10.4 months. One CH was classified as a PICH (partially involuting CH) due to partial regression, two RICHs were still in the involution process at the age of 10 and 15 months, and one regressed very quickly within 7 days. No complications were observed in the NICH. Two RICHs presented benign complications (ulcerations and bleeding). Two RICHs regressed entirely, and five regressed with sequelae: lipoatrophy (n=3), cutaneous excess (n=2), dysplastic veins (n=3), a pigmented area (n=1), and an anemic halo (n=2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small number of patients in our cohort, in spite of the length of the study, confirms the rarity of CH. The sex-ratio in favor of male infants and the location of NICH on the hands have not been reported. The most discriminating element remained the follow-up over 1 year. The initial clinical aspect of the NICH and the progression of one RICH into a NICH suggested possible overlapping forms between RICH and NICH. Some CHs, including one PICH, presented clinical and radiological criteria similar to those of vascular malformations (warm lesion, dysplastic veins, and echo-Doppler results in favor of vascular malformation). RICH regressed with sequelae in most cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reveals a polymorphous clinical presentation of CH and provides a thorough description of their progression. It underlines the existence of overlapping phenomena between RICH and NICH, and between CH and vascular malformations, thus suggesting a possible link between proliferation and malformation phenomena at the origin of these lesions.
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie, CHU Besançon, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deveza
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie, CHU Besançon, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France. Electronic address: epuzenat@chu-besancon.fr.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puzenat
authors.affiliation: Service de Radiologie A, CHU Besançon, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manzoni
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie, CHU Besançon, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France; Inserm U1098, SFR FED 4234 IBCT, université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Humbert
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie, CHU Besançon, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France; EA 3181, SFR FED 4234 IBCT, université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aubin
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis*