title: The Novel Anticancer Drug Hydroxytriolein Inhibits Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation via a Protein Kinase Cα- and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2-Dependent Mechanism.
abstract: Membrane lipid therapy is a novel approach to rationally design or discover therapeutic molecules that target membrane lipids. This strategy has been used to design synthetic fatty acid analogs that are currently under study in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. In this context, and with the aim of controlling tumor cell growth, we have designed and synthesized a hydroxylated analog of triolein, hydroxytriolein (HTO). Both triolein and HTO regulate the biophysical properties of model membranes, and they inhibit the growth of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in vitro. The molecular mechanism underlying the antiproliferative effect of HTO involves regulation of the lipid membrane structure, protein kinase C-α and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, the production of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. In vivo studies on a mouse model of NSCLC showed that HTO, but not triolein, impairs tumor growth, which could be associated with the relative resistance of HTO to enzymatic degradation. The data presented explain in part why olive oil (whose main component is the triacylglycerol triolein) is preventive but not therapeutic, and they demonstrate a potent effect of HTO against cancer. HTO shows a good safety profile, it can be administered orally, and it does not induce nontumor cell (fibroblast) death in vitro or side effects in mice, reflecting its specificity for cancer cells. For these reasons, HTO is a good candidate as a drug to combat cancer that acts by regulating lipid structure and function in the cancer cell membrane.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (F.G.-S., R.B.-G., R.R.-L., M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S., X.B., P.V.E.); and Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S.). franciscaguardiola@uib.es.
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guardiola-Serrano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (F.G.-S., R.B.-G., R.R.-L., M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S., X.B., P.V.E.); and Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S.).
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beteta-Göbel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (F.G.-S., R.B.-G., R.R.-L., M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S., X.B., P.V.E.); and Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S.).
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Lorca
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (F.G.-S., R.B.-G., R.R.-L., M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S., X.B., P.V.E.); and Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S.).
authors.forename: Maitane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibarguren
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (F.G.-S., R.B.-G., R.R.-L., M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S., X.B., P.V.E.); and Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S.).
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (F.G.-S., R.B.-G., R.R.-L., M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S., X.B., P.V.E.); and Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S.).
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terés
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (F.G.-S., R.B.-G., R.R.-L., M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S., X.B., P.V.E.); and Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S.).
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (F.G.-S., R.B.-G., R.R.-L., M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S., X.B., P.V.E.); and Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S.).
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alonso-Sande
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (F.G.-S., R.B.-G., R.R.-L., M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S., X.B., P.V.E.); and Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S.).
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Busquets
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (F.G.-S., R.B.-G., R.R.-L., M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S., X.B., P.V.E.); and Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.I., D.J.L., S.T., R.A., M.A.-S.).
authors.forename: Pablo V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Escribá
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014304:Triolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C000601199:hydroxytriolein; D014304:Triolein; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases