title: TPP and TCEP induce oxidative stress and alter steroidogenesis in TM3 Leydig cells.
abstract: Effects of triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) exposure on induction of oxidative stress and endocrine disruption were investigated in TM3 cells. After 24h exposure, cell growth declined and morphology changed in TPP and TCEP treated groups with high dosages. Significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and their respective gene expressions in a dose-dependent and/or time-dependent manner in TPP or TCEP groups. Moreover, the expression of main genes related to testosterone (T) synthesis including cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (P450-17α), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) were dramatically reduced by TPP and TCEP treatments, especially with the high dosage for 24h. TPP and TCEP treatments for 24h caused significant decreases in T levels in the medium. Furthermore, co-treatments of hCG with TPP or TCEP could inhibit hCG-induced changes in the expression of P450scc, P450-17α and 17β-HSD and T levels. Taken together, TPP and TCEP could induce oxidative stress and endocrine disruption in TM3 cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Guanliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Songbin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. Electronic address: jinyx@zjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. Electronic address: azwfu@zjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhengwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010720:Phosphines / Q000633:toxicity*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B / Q000235:genetics; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein
chemical_list: D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D002374:Catalase; D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D010755:Organophosphates; D010720:Phosphines; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D013739:Testosterone; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein; C454739:Scarb1 protein, mouse; C080938:tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine; C044256:3 (or 17)-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; C005445:triphenyl phosphate
keywords: Endocrine disruption; Oxidative stress; TM3 cell; Triphenyl phosphate; Tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate