title: Angulations of Anterior Teeth With Reference to the Alveolar Bone Measured by CBCT in a Chinese Population.
abstract: To analyze angulations of anterior teeth with reference to the alveolar bone.
  
  
  
  Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 105 participants were taken with the same machine (ProMax 3D Max CBCT), showing the intact anterior teeth. The angulations formed between the long axis of the anterior teeth and the alveolus were measured using cross-sectional images. The thicknesses of alveolar bone on different area of root surfaces were also measured.
  
  
  
  Maxillary anterior teeth were found to be close to the buccal alveolar surface in apical level with the angulations referred to alveolar bone in center incisor, lateral incisor, and canine were 17.65 ± 6.8, 18.79 ± 7.4, and 23.82 ± 6.96 degrees, respectively. Means of angulations of mandibular anterior teeth were less than 8 degree. The thicknesses of buccal bone at mid-root level in 77% to 90% maxillary anterior teeth were less than 1 mm. The determinations provided high intrarater/interrater reliability.
  
  
  
  The application of CBCT is reliable for a complete calculation of angulations and thicknesses in a Chinese Han population. As a result, adequate planning combined with image examination preoperatively would contribute to a favorable outcome.
authors.affiliation: Center of Stomatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.|Doctor, Institute of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shanchuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Doctor, Department of Oral Radiology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Center of Stomatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hongchen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D002681:China; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult