title: Are family, neighbourhood and school social capital associated with higher self-rated health among Croatian high school students? A population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the associations between self-rated health and social capital among Croatian high school students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey among high school students was carried out in the 2013-2014 school year.
  
  
  METHODS
  High schools in Croatia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 3427 high school students (1688 males and 1739 females), aged 17-18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-rated health was assessed by the single item: "How do you perceive your health?". Possible responses were arranged along a five-item Likert-type scale: 1 very poor, 2 poor, 3 fair, 4 good, 5 excellent. The outcome was binarised as 'good health' (excellent, good or fair) versus 'poor health' (poor or very poor).
  
  
  METHODS
  We calculated ORs and 95% CIs for good self-rated health associated with family, neighbourhood and school social capital, while adjusting for gender, self-perceived socioeconomic status, psychological distress, physical activity and body mass index. We used generalised estimating equations using an exchangeable correlation matrix with robust SEs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good self-rated health was significantly associated with higher family social capital (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.55 to 3.80), higher neighbourhood trust (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.48 to 2.76) and higher norms of reciprocity at school (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.13 to 2.84). When all of the social capital variables were entered simultaneously, good self-rated health remained significantly associated with higher family social capital (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.19 to 3.30), neighbourhood trust (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.25 to 2.51) and reciprocity at school (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of social capital were independently associated with higher self-rated health among youth. Intervention and policies that leverage community social capital might serve as an avenue for health promotion in youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard University, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Takemi Program in International Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawachi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017523:Croatia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057566:Self Report; D066270:Social Capital; D012923:Social Class; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students
keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH