title: Brown Pine Leaf Extract and Its Active Component Trans-Communic Acid Inhibit UVB-Induced MMP-1 Expression by Targeting PI3K.
abstract: Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) is widely present in China, Japan, and Korea. Its green pine leaves have traditionally been used as a food as well as a coloring agent. After being shed, pine leaves change their color from green to brown within two years, and although the brown pine leaves are abundantly available, their value has not been closely assessed. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-photoaging properties of brown pine leaves for skin. Brown pine leaf extract (BPLE) inhibited UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression to a greater extent than pine leaf extract (PLE) in human keratinocytes and a human skin equivalent model. HPLC analysis revealed that the quantity of trans-communic acid (TCA) and dehydroabietic acid (DAA) significantly increases when the pine leaf color changes from green to brown. BPLE and TCA elicited reductions in UVB-induced MMP-1 mRNA expression and activator protein-1 (AP-1) transactivation by reducing DNA binding activity of phospho-c-Jun, c-fos and Fra-1. BPLE and TCA also inhibited UVB-induced Akt phosphorylation, but not mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), known regulators of AP-1 transactivation. We additionally found that BPLE and TCA inhibited phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), the upstream kinase of Akt, in vitro. In summary, both BPLE and its active component TCA exhibit protective effects against UVB-induced skin aging. Taken together, these findings underline the potential for BPLE and TCA to be utilized as anti-wrinkling agents and cosmetic ingredients, as they suppress UVB-induced MMP-1 expression.
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Bum
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gaeun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-gyu
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Da Som
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14456, United States of America.
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joe Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Gwon
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunjung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Rhan
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14456, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudia Arabia.
authors.forename: Chang Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008954:Models, Biological; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D004224:Diterpenes; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C461919:communic acid; C013913:dehydroabietic acid