title: Growing-up just like everyone else: key components of a successful pediatric HIV disclosure intervention in Namibia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To facilitate replication and adaptation of pediatric HIV disclosure interventions, we identified key components of a child-friendly cartoon book used to guide Namibian caregivers and healthcare workers (HCWs) through a gradual, structured disclosure process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative interviews were conducted with caregivers and HCWs from four high-volume pediatric HIV clinics in Namibia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 35 HCWs and 64 caregivers of HIV+ children aged 7-15 were analyzed using constant comparative and modified grounded theory analysis. Major barriers to disclosure were compared to accounts of intervention success, and themes related to key components were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disclosure book overcomes barriers to disclosure by reducing caregiver resistance, increasing HIV and disclosure knowledge, and providing a gradual, structured framework for disclosure. The delayed mention of HIV-specific terminology overcomes caregiver fears associated with HIV stigma, thus encouraging earlier uptake of disclosure initiation. Caregivers value the book's focus on staying healthy, keeping the body strong, and having a future 'like other kids', thus capitalizing on evidence of the positive benefits of resilience and hopefulness rather than the negative consequences of HIV. The book's concepts and images resonate with children who readily adopt the language of 'body soldiers' and 'bad guys' in describing how important it is for them to take their medicine. Discussion cues ease communication between HCWs, caregivers, and pediatric patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the urgent need for available pediatric HIV disclosure interventions, easily implementable tools like the Namibian disclosure book should be evaluated for utility in similar settings.
authors.affiliation: aInternational Training and Education Center for Health, Namibia bDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington cMinistry of Health and Social Services, Namibia dDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington eDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington fDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Washington.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beima-Sofie
authors.forename: Ndapewa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamunime
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ingo
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: John-Stewart
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Malley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001877:Books; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009276:Namibia; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D014342:Truth Disclosure