title: Fat intake after prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality in the Physicians' Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diet after prostate cancer diagnosis may impact disease progression. We hypothesized that consuming saturated fat after prostate cancer diagnosis would increase risk of mortality, and consuming vegetable fat after diagnosis would lower the risk of mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study among 926 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer in the Physicians' Health Study who completed a food frequency questionnaire a median of 5 years after diagnosis and were followed for a median of 10 years after the questionnaire. We examined post-diagnostic saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fat, as well as animal and vegetable fat, intake in relation to all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed 333 deaths (56 prostate cancer deaths) during follow-up. Men who obtained 5 % more of their daily calories from saturated fat and 5 % less of their daily calories from carbohydrate after diagnosis had a 1.8-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.81; 95 % CI 1.20, 2.74; p value 0.005) and a 2.8-fold increased risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (HR 2.78; 95 % CI 1.01, 7.64; p value 0.05). Men who obtained 10 % more of their daily calories from vegetable fats and 10 % less of their daily calories from carbohydrates had a 33 % lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.67; 95 % CI 0.47, 0.96; p value 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among men with non-metastatic prostate cancer, saturated fat intake may increase risk of death and vegetable fat intake may lower risk of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Mission Hall: Global Health and Clinical Sciences Building, 550 16th St. 2nd Flr., UCSF Box 0560, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA, erin.vanblarigan@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Van Blarigan
authors.forename: Stacey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kenfield
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sesso
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Meir J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: June M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chavarro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats; D018450:Disease Progression; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats