title: Study of carotenoids in cyanobacteria by Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: Cyanobacteria have established dominant aquatic populations around the world, generally in aggressive environments and under severe stress conditions, e.g., intense solar radiation. Several marine strains make use of compounds such as the polyenic molecules for their damage protection justifying the range of colours observed for these species. The peridinin/chlorophyll-a/protein complex is an excellent example of essential structures used for self-prevention; their systems allow to them surviving under aggressive environments. In our simulations, few protective dyes are required to the initial specimen defense; this is an important data concern the synthetic priority in order to supply adequate damage protection. Raman measurements obtained with 1064 and 514.5 nm excitations for Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa strains shows bands assignable to the carotenoid peridinin. It was characterized by bands at 1940, 1650, 1515, 1449, 1185, 1155 and 1000 cm(-1) assigned to ν(C=C=C) (allenic vibration), ν(C=C/CO), ν(C=C), δ(C-H, C-18/19), δ(C-H), ν(C-C), and ρ(C-CH3), respectively. Recognition by Raman spectroscopy proved to be an important tool for preliminaries detections and characterization of polyene molecules in several algae, besides initiate an interesting discussion about their synthetic priority.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus de Rio das Ostras, RJ 28890-000, Brazil. Electronic address: vanessaend@id.uff.br.
authors.forename: Vanessa End
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela A C
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Neves Miranda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Carolina Silva
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Howell G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: NEEM - Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Cappa
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D046891:Cylindrospermopsis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D046931:Microcystis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011090:Polyenes / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D011090:Polyenes; D002734:Chlorophyll; C085815:chlorophyll a'; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
keywords: Carotenoids; Cyanobacteria; Peridinin; Raman spectroscopy