title: Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membrane in an elderly urban Chinese population in China: the Jiangning Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence and associations of epiretinal membrane (ERM) in an elderly urban Chinese population in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a cluster random sample of residents aged 50 years or older living in the Jiangning Road Sub-district, Shanghai, China. All participants underwent a standardised interview and comprehensive eye examinations, including digital retinal photography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) examinations of both eyes between November 2012 and February 2013. ERM was identified and classified as either cellophane macular reflex (CMR) or preretinal macular fibrosis (PMF) based on the fundus photography and OCT features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2044 subjects who participated (82.5% response rate), 2005 had fundus photographs and OCT results of sufficient quality for grading of ERM signs. ERM was present in 8.4% of participants, including 5.0% with CMR and 3.4% with PMF. After age and gender standardisation to the 2010 Chinese census population, the prevalence rate of ERM in mainland Chinese individuals of 50 years of age or older was estimated to be 7.3%. After adjusting for age and/or gender, idiopathic ERM was positively associated with age (OR, 1.06; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.08), female gender (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.40), myopia (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.51 to 3.22) and hyperlipaemia (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of ERM in elderly urban Chinese was similar to that in Caucasians. Risk factors for idiopathic ERM were older age, female gender, myopia and hyperlipaemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hehua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Siyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wuyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yiqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peiquan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Epidemiology; Retina