title: Composition and antioxidant activity of raisin extracts obtained from various solvents.
abstract: Experiments were conducted to determine if the contents of phenolics and browning reaction products and antioxidant activity of raisin extracts were closely dependent on the extraction solvent. Enhanced extraction yields were obtained from solvent containing higher water concentrations. However, total phenolic content (TPC) was highest for extracts obtained from solvent to water ratios of 60:40 (v/v), whereby the extract obtained from ethanol:water (60:40, v/v) had the highest TPC of 375mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100g extract. HMF content was highest in extracts obtained from 60% solvent, regardless of solvent type. The extract obtained from 60% methanol had the highest HMF content at 199μg/g extract. Although the 60% solvents provided extract with high antioxidant components, the antioxidant activity of raisin extracts obtained from 80:20 (v/v) solvent/water was significantly higher than other raisin extracts obtained from different solvent concentrations. Phenolic acids, HMF, and low-molecular-weight flavonoids were responsible for the antioxidant activity, but not the high-molecular-weight flavonoids.
authors.affiliation: Kraft Foods Inc., 200 DeForest Avenue, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cereal and Food Sciences, 210 Harris Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. Electronic address: Clifford.Hall@ndsu.edu.
authors.forename: Clifford A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hall
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Bulk oil; HMF; Phenolic compounds; Raisin extract; Solvent extraction