title: Protective effects of minocycline on experimental spinal cord injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of minocycline on neuronal injury after spinal cord injury (SCI) are limited and controversial. Therefore we aimed to investigate the protective effects of minocycline on tissue and on serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, tissue total antioxidant and oxidant status (TAS and TOS, respectively), and AST and LDH levels in rats with SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed on 7-8 weeks 38 male Wistar albino rats. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: group 1, Sham (n=8); group 2, SCI (spinal cord injury)/control (n=8); group 3, SCI+minocycline3 (n=7); group 4, SCI+minocycline30 (n=8) and group 5 SCI+minocycline90 (n=7). Blood and tissue samples were analysed for MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, TAS, TOS, AST and LDH levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MDA levels were significantly higher in SCI group compared to sham group (p<0.001), and MDA levels were also significantly higher in SCI group compared to SCI+M3, SCI+M30, SCI+M90 (p<0.05). SOD levels were significantly higher in SCI+M30 when compared to SCI and SCI+M3 groups (p<0.05). GSH-Px levels decreased significantly in SCI and SCI+M3 groups compared to sham (p<0.05). SCI+M3 group showed significantly decreased levels of TAS and TOS compared to SCI group (p<0.05). TAS and TOS levels significantly increased in SCI+M90 group compared to SCI+M3 and SCI+M30 groups (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates the dose-dependent antioxidant activity of minocycline against spinal cord injury in rats. Minocycline administration increased antioxidant enzyme levels and improved total antioxidant status.
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Neurosurgery, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: maras.70@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aras
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Neurosurgery, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altas
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Biochemistry, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Motor
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Physiology, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dokuyucu
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Neurosurgery, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Department of Neurosurgery, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozgiray
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Neurosurgery, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yurdal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seraslan
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Neurosurgery, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nebi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008911:Minocycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008911:Minocycline
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Experimental study; Minocycline; Spinal cord injury