title: Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance to enrofloxacin in uropathogenic Escherichia coli in dog.
abstract: Escherichia coli (E. coli) urinary tract infections (UTIs) are becoming a serious problem both for pets and humans (zoonosis) due to the close contact and to the increasing resistance to antibiotics. This study has been performed in order to unravel the mechanism of induced enrofloxacin resistance in canine E. coli isolates that represent a good tool to study this pathology. The isolated E. coli has been induced with enrofloxacin and studied through 2D DIGE and shotgun MS. Discovered differentially expressed proteins are principally involved in antibiotic resistance and linked to oxidative stress response, to DNA protection and to membrane permeability. Moreover, since enrofloxacin is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase, the overexpression of DNA starvation/stationary phase protection protein (Dsp) could be a central point to discover the mechanism of this clone to counteract the effects of enrofloxacin. In parallel, the dramatic decrease of the synthesis of the outer membrane protein W, which represents one of the main gates for enrofloxacin entrance, could explain additional mechanism of E. coli defense against this antibiotic. All 2D DIGE and MS data have been deposited into the ProteomeXchange Consortium with identifier PXD002000 and DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/PXD002000. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: HUPO 2014.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piras
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soggiu
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia - IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Piera Anna
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.affiliation: Metagenomics Unit Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Del Chierico
authors.affiliation: Parasitology and Metagenomics Units, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Putignani
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia - IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urbani
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
authors.forename: Jarlath E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nally
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonizzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Istituto Sperimentale Italiano L. Spallanzani, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: paola.roncada@istitutospallanzani.it.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roncada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D056689:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Enrofloxacin; Escherichia coli; Urinary tract infections