title: Global implementation of genomic medicine: We are not alone.
abstract: Around the world, innovative genomic-medicine programs capitalize on singular capabilities arising from local health care systems, cultural or political milieus, and unusual selected risk alleles or disease burdens. Such individual efforts might benefit from the sharing of approaches and lessons learned in other locales. The U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute and the National Academy of Medicine recently brought together 25 of these groups to compare projects, to examine the current state of implementation and desired near-term capabilities, and to identify opportunities for collaboration that promote the responsible practice of genomic medicine. Efforts to coalesce these groups around concrete but compelling signature projects should accelerate the responsible implementation of genomic medicine in efforts to improve clinical care worldwide.
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9305, USA. manolio@nih.gov geoffrey.ginsburg@dm.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Teri A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Manolio
authors.affiliation: Université Libre de Bruxelles 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
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authors.lastname: Abramowicz
authors.affiliation: Genatak-Global Med Clinic, Kuwait University, Kuwait 46300, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Fahd
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Mulla
authors.affiliation: National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Warwick
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authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4362 Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Rudi
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authors.lastname: Balling
authors.affiliation: Board on Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
authors.forename: Adam C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84111, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bleyl
authors.affiliation: McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Aravinda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakravarti
authors.affiliation: Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand.
authors.forename: Wasun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chantratita
authors.affiliation: Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Rex L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Vajira H W
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Dissanayake
authors.affiliation: Genetic and Molecular Sciences, The Wellcome Trust, London NW1 2BE, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: National Academy of Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Dzau
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951 Korea.
authors.forename: Bok-Ghee
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College, London SE1 9RT, and Genomics England, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.affiliation: National Health Committee, Auckland 1050, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolbe
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Korf
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiaki
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authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G4 Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lasko
authors.affiliation: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010 Estonia.
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leego
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000 Thailand.
authors.forename: Surakameth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahasirimongkol
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biomedical Genomics and Indian Statistical Institute, Kalyani 741251 India.
authors.forename: Partha P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matthijs
authors.affiliation: DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612 USA.
authors.forename: Howard L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.affiliation: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010 Estonia.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Metspalu
authors.affiliation: Genome Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1P1, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre
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authors.lastname: Meulien
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyano
authors.affiliation: Research and Academic Affairs, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
authors.forename: Yaakov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naparstek
authors.affiliation: Office of Human Research Affairs, Partners HealthCare, Boston, MA 02199, USA.
authors.forename: P Pearl
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, 26504 Greece.
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Patrinos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Systems, Boston, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Heidi L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Rehm
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Mary V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Relling
authors.affiliation: Carmel Medical Center Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Clalit National Personalized Medicine Program, Haifa 34362, Israel.
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rennert
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9305, USA.
authors.forename: Laura Lyman
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Dan M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Roden
authors.affiliation: Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shuldiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt., New Delhi 110 003 India.
authors.forename: Sukdeb
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Swedish Research Council, SE-101 38 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulfendahl
authors.affiliation: University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 18510, USA.
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
authors.forename: John E L
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9305, USA.
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA. manolio@nih.gov geoffrey.ginsburg@dm.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Geoffrey S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ginsburg
mesh_terms: D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D057285:Precision Medicine