title: A new formula for calculating standard liver volume for living donor liver transplantation without using body weight.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The standard liver volume (SLV) is widely used in liver surgery, especially for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). All the reported formulas for SLV use body surface area or body weight, which can be influenced strongly by the general condition of the patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the liver volumes of 180 Japanese donor candidates and 160 Swiss patients with normal livers to develop a new formula. The dataset was randomly divided into two subsets, the test and validation sample, stratified by race. The new formula was validated using 50 LDLT recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without using body weight-related variables, age, thoracic width measured using computed tomography, and race independently predicted the total liver volume (TLV). A new formula: 203.3-(3.61×age)+(58.7×thoracic width)-(463.7×race [1=Asian, 0=Caucasian]), most accurately predicted the TLV in the validation dataset as compared with any other formulas. The graft volume for LDLT was correlated with the postoperative prothrombin time, and the graft volume/SLV ratio calculated using the new formula was significantly better correlated with the postoperative prothrombin time than the graft volume/SLV ratio calculated using the other formulas or the graft volume/body weight ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new formula derived using the age, thoracic width and race predicted both the TLV in the healthy patient group and the SLV in LDLT recipients more accurately than any other previously reported formulas.
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokudo
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uldry
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Demartines
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division and Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: KOKUDO-2SU@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Halkic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Body surface area; Living donor liver transplantation; Standard liver volume; Thoracic width