title: Can Whitening Strips interfere with the Bond Strength of Composite Resins?
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the bond strength of composite resins on enamel previously treated with whitening strips.
  
  
  
  A total of 48 bovine incisors were allocated to four experimental groups (n = 12 each): G1 (WSC)- treated with 9.5% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips (3D White Whitestrips® Advanced Vivid/CREST); G2 (WSO)-treated with 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips (3D WhiteTM/Oral B); G3 (WG)-treated with 7.5% hydrogen peroxide gel with fluorine, calcium and potassium nitrate (White Class®/FGM); and G4 (C)-control not subjected to bleaching treatment. The specimens were subjected to bleaching over 2 weeks following the manufacturers' instructions. Following the elaboration of the composite resin test specimens, the samples were stored in artificial saliva and subsequently subjected to the micro-shear test using the universal testing machine (EMIC®). The bond strength values were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's statistical test (5%).
  
  
  
  Significant differences were observed among the investigated groups (p < 0.05). The G3-WG exhibited greater values compared with the control group and the groups treated with strips, G1-WSC and G2-WSO. Analysis of the bond interface revealed that a large fraction of the failures occurred at the enamel-resin interface.
  
  
  
  The bond strength decreased following 14 days of treatment with bleaching strips, whereas the whitening gel with 7.5% hydrogen peroxide, calcium and fluorine increased the bond strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry I, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Luis, Maranhao, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leily Macedo
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Firoozmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis Maranhao, Brazil.
authors.forename: Washington Luís Machado dos
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis Maranhao, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mercêdes Aroucha
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry I, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Luis, Maranhao, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Gomes
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis Maranhao, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rudys Rodolfo de Jesus
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tavarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MS Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka India.
authors.forename: Mateus Rodrigues
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Tonetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis Maranhao, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fausto Silva
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Bramante
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MS Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka India.
authors.forename: Shilpa H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bhandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry I, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Luis, Maranhao, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina Vieira de Oliveira
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Roma
authors.affiliation: Professor Department of Dentistry, CEUMA University, Rua Josue Montello, n 01, Renascença São Luis, Maranhão-84035-210, Brazil, e-mail: mbandeca@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Matheus Coelho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bandeca
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000295:instrumentation*; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C554641:Adper single bond 2; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; C444701:Filtek Z250; D009566:Nitrates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D005461:Fluorine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C023844:potassium nitrate; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Dental enamel; Tooth bleaching; Adhesives.