title: The optoelectronic role of chlorine in CH3NH3PbI3(Cl)-based perovskite solar cells.
abstract: Perovskite photovoltaics offer a compelling combination of extremely low-cost, ease of processing and high device performance. The optoelectronic properties of the prototypical CH3NH3PbI3 can be further adjusted by introducing other extrinsic ions. Specifically, chlorine incorporation has been shown to affect the morphological development of perovksite films, which results in improved optoelectronic characteristics for high efficiency. However, it requires a deep understanding to the role of extrinsic halide, especially in the absence of unpredictable morphological influence during film growth. Here we report an effective strategy to investigate the role of the extrinsic ion in the context of optoelectronic properties, in which the morphological factors that closely correlate to device performance are mostly decoupled. The chlorine incorporation is found to mainly improve the carrier transport across the heterojunction interfaces, rather than within the perovskite crystals. Further optimization according this protocol leads to solar cells achieving power conversion efficiency of 17.91%.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Huanping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Yihao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: 1] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-044, Japan.
authors.forename: Adam Z
authors.identifier: 0000000173129364
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Stieg
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Tze-Bin
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Hsin-Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaobao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.identifier: 000000027135723X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Shirong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Jingbi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Pengyu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Goorsky
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang