title: The Augmentation of a Collagen/Glycosaminoglycan Biphasic Osteochondral Scaffold with Platelet-Rich Plasma and Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate for Osteochondral Defect Repair in Sheep: A Pilot Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or concentrated bone marrow aspirate (CBMA) with a biphasic collagen/glycosaminoglycan (GAG) osteochondral scaffold for the treatment of osteochondral defects in sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute osteochondral defects were created in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and the lateral trochlea sulcus (LTS) of 24 sheep (n = 6). Defects were left empty or filled with a 6 × 6-mm scaffold, either on its own or in combination with PRP or CBMA. Outcome measures at 6 months included mechanical testing, International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) repair score, modified O'Driscoll histology score, qualitative histology, and immunohistochemistry for type I, II, and VI collagen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in mechanical properties, ICRS repair score, or modified O'Driscoll score were detected between the 4 groups. However, qualitative assessments of the histological architecture, Safranin O content, and collagen immunohistochemistry indicated that in the PRP/scaffold groups, there was a more hyaline cartilage-like tissue repair. In addition, the addition of CBMA and PRP to the scaffold reduced cyst formation in the subchondral bone of healed lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was more hyaline cartilage-like tissue formed in the PRP/scaffold group and less subchondral cystic lesion formation in the CBMA and PRP/scaffold groups, although there were no quantitative differences in the repair tissue formed.
authors.affiliation: Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Getgood
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skelton
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rushton
keywords: cartilage repair; osteochondral scaffold; platelet rich plasma