title: Electrical pulse fabrication of graphene nanopores in electrolyte solution.
abstract: Nanopores in graphene membranes can potentially offer unprecedented spatial resolution for single molecule sensing, but their fabrication has thus far been difficult, poorly scalable, and prone to contamination. We demonstrate anin-situfabrication method that nucleates and controllably enlarges nanopores in electrolyte solution by applying ultra-short, high-voltage pulses across the graphene membrane. This method can be used to rapidly produce graphene nanopores with subnanometer size accuracy in an apparatus free of nanoscale beams or tips.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Oxford Nanopore Technologies , One Kendall Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szalay
authors.forename: Jene A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Golovchenko