title: Isolation of Primary Human Colon Tumor Cells from Surgical Tissues and Culturing Them Directly on Soft Elastic Substrates for Traction Cytometry.
abstract: Cancer cells respond to matrix mechanical stiffness in a complex manner using a coordinated, hierarchical mechano-chemical system composed of adhesion receptors and associated signal transduction membrane proteins, the cytoskeletal architecture, and molecular motors. Mechanosensitivity of different cancer cells in vitro are investigated primarily with immortalized cell lines or murine derived primary cells, not with primary human cancer cells. Hence, little is known about the mechanosensitivity of primary human colon cancer cells in vitro. Here, an optimized protocol is developed that describes the isolation of primary human colon cells from healthy and cancerous surgical human tissue samples. Isolated colon cells are then successfully cultured on soft (2 kPa stiffness) and stiff (10 kPa stiffness) polyacrylamide hydrogels and rigid polystyrene (~3.6 GPa stiffness) substrates functionalized by an extracellular matrix (fibronectin in this case). Fluorescent microbeads are embedded in soft gels near the cell culture surface, and traction assay is performed to assess cellular contractile stresses using free open access software. In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy on different stiffness substrates provides useful information about primary cell morphology, cytoskeleton organization and vinculin containing focal adhesions as a function of substrate rigidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
authors.forename: M Yakut
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
authors.forename: Sandeep V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Provena Covenant Medical Centre.
authors.forename: Krishnarao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tangella
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Provena Covenant Medical Centre.
authors.forename: Davendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; saif@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Taher A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Saif
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004548:Elasticity; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D020100:Hydrogels; D000099166:Polyacrylamides