title: Accelerating magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) using t-blipped simultaneous multislice (SMS) acquisition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We incorporate simultaneous multislice (SMS) acquisition into MR fingerprinting (MRF) to accelerate the MRF acquisition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The t-Blipped SMS-MRF method is achieved by adding a Gz blip before each data acquisition window and balancing it with a Gz blip of opposing polarity at the end of each TR. Thus the signal from different simultaneously excited slices are encoded with different phases without disturbing the signal evolution. Furthermore, by varying the Gz blip area and/or polarity as a function of repetition time, the slices' differential phase can also be made to vary as a function of time. For reconstruction of t-Blipped SMS-MRF data, we demonstrate a combined slice-direction SENSE and modified dictionary matching method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Monte Carlo simulation, the parameter mapping from multiband factor (MB) = 2 t-Blipped SMS-MRF shows good accuracy and precision when compared with results from reference conventional MRF data with concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of 0.96 for T1 estimates and 0.90 for T2 estimates. For in vivo experiments, T1 and T2 maps from MB=2 t-Blipped SMS-MRF have a high agreement with ones from conventional MRF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MB=2 t-Blipped SMS-MRF acquisition/reconstruction method has been demonstrated and validated to provide more rapid parameter mapping in the MRF framework.
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science and the Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cauley
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science and the Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.|Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Griswold
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Kawin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Setsompop
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: MR fingerprinting (MRF); simultaneous multislice (SMS); t-blipped SMS-MRF