title: Overexpression of Growth-Related Oncogene-β Is Associated with Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, and Poor Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growth-related oncogene- (GRO-) β is a member of the CXC chemokine family, which may mediate various functions, such as attracting neutrophils to sites of inflammation, regulating angiogenesis, and participating in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the expression of GRO-β in ovarian cancer and its relationship to the clinical characteristics of this disease remain poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarray (TMA) was employed to evaluate the expression of GRO-β in ovarian cancer and to contrast expression with normal ovarian epithelial cells and oviduct epithelial cells. Next, we observed the correlation between GRO-β expression and clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer as well as patient outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High GRO-β cytoplasmic expression was observed in 55.15% of patients with ovarian cancer, which was related to lymph node or other metastases (P < 0.001), ascites (P = 0.027), and International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (FIGO) stage (P = 0.032). Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis revealed that high GRO-β expression (P = 0.002) and high CA19-9 level (P = 0.003) were independent prognostic indicators of poor outcome in ovarian cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, high GRO-β expression correlates with poor prognosis and contributes to ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Chenyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C499706:CXCL2 protein, human; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2