title: [A school-level longitudinal study of clinical performance examination scores].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This school-level longitudinal study examined 7 years of clinical performance data to determine differences (effects) in students and annual changes within a school and between schools; examine how much their predictors (characteristics) influenced the variation in student performance; and calculate estimates of the schools' initial status and growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A school-level longitudinal model was tested: level 1 (between students), level 2 (annual change within a school), and level 3 (between schools). The study sample comprised students who belonged to the CPX Consortium (n=5,283 for 2005~2008 and n=4,337 for 2009~2011).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite a difference between evaluation domains, the performance outcomes were related to individual large-effect differences and small-effect school-level differences. Physical examination, clinical courtesy, and patient education were strongly influenced by the school effect, whereas patient-physician interaction was not affected much.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Student scores are influenced by the school effect (differences), and the predictors explain the variation in differences, depending on the evaluation domain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jang Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004501:Education, Medical; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010808:Physical Examination; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012577:Schools, Medical; D013337:Students, Medical
keywords: Clinical performance examination; Longitudinal studies; Multilevel analysis; Quasi-longitudinal data; School effect