title: Clindamycin Resistance among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, in South Western Uganda.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Clindamycin (CL) resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility among clinical isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) from Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Southwestern Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory based cross sectional study.
  The study was conducted at the Microbiology department of Mbarara Regional referral hospital between November 2012 and December 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study, we recruited 300S. aureusisolates that were stored in the laboratory and were obtained from different clinical samples. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by phenotypic methods and for the genotypic expression of Macrolide Lincosamide StreptograminB (MLSB) resistance genes (ermA,ermB,ermC, andmsrA). The D-test was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phenotypically, a total of 109 (36%)S. aureusisolates were resistant to CL, of which 9 (3%) were constitutively resistant while 100 (33.3%) were inducibly resistant. Genotypicaly, 134/300 (44.7%) isolates possessed at least one of the MLSBresistance genes. 23/300 (7.7%) tested positive forermB, 98/300 (32.7%) tested positive for theermCand 43/300 (14.3%) tested positive for themsrAgenes with none possessing theermAgene. Isolates were highly resistant to Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, Erythromycin and Oxacillin with moderate resistance to Vancomycin and Imipenem and least resistance to Linezolid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S. aureusresistance to CL was high in this set up. There was also high resistance to Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, Erythromycin and Oxacillin but low resistance to Linezolid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410 Mbarara, Uganda.
authors.forename: Bashir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mwambi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410 Mbarara, Uganda.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iramiot
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. O Box 7072 Kampala, Uganda. ; MBN Clinical Laboratories, Uganda.
authors.forename: Freddie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bwanga
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410 Mbarara, Uganda.
authors.forename: Marthae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410 Mbarara, Uganda.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itabangi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410 Mbarara, Uganda.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bazira
keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; clindamycin; d-test; genetic; phenotypic; resistance