title: Self-immolative spacers: kinetic aspects, structure-property relationships, and applications.
abstract: Self-immolative spacers are covalent assemblies tailored to correlate the cleavage of two chemical bonds after activation of a protective part in a precursor: Upon stimulation, the protective moiety is removed, which generates a cascade of disassembling reactions leading to the temporally sequential release of smaller molecules. Originally introduced to overcome limitations for drug delivery, self-immolative spacers have gained wide interest in medicinal chemistry, analytical chemistry, and material science. For most applications, the kinetics of the disassembly of the activated self-immolative spacer governs functional properties. This Review addresses kinetic aspects of self-immolation. It provides information for selecting a particular self-immolative motif for a specific demand. Moreover, it should help researchers design kinetic experiments and fully exploit the rich perspectives of self-immolative spacers.
authors.affiliation: Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France).|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).|CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).|Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris (France).|CNRS, UMR 3666, 75248 Paris (France).|INSERM, U 1143, 75248 Paris (France).
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alouane
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France).
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Labruère
authors.affiliation: Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France).|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).|CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France).
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Le Saux
authors.affiliation: Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris (France). Frederic.Schmidt@curie.fr.|CNRS, UMR 3666, 75248 Paris (France). Frederic.Schmidt@curie.fr.|INSERM, U 1143, 75248 Paris (France). Frederic.Schmidt@curie.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France). Ludovic.Jullien@ens.fr.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France). Ludovic.Jullien@ens.fr.|CNRS, UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 75005 Paris (France). Ludovic.Jullien@ens.fr.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jullien
mesh_terms: D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure
keywords: disassembly; kinetics; self-immolation; self-immolative spacers