title: Toward 3D Printing of Pure Metals by Laser-Induced Forward Transfer.
abstract: 3D printing of common metals is highly challenging because metals are generally solid at room conditions. Copper and gold pillars are manufactured with a resolution below 5 μm and a height up to 2 mm, using laser-induced forward transfer to create and eject liquid metal droplets. The solidified drop's shape is crucial for 3D printing and is discussed as a function of the laser energy.
authors.affiliation: Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Claas Willem
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Chair of Applied Laser Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.affiliation: Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Chair of Applied Laser Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gert-Willem
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Römer
authors.affiliation: Chair of Applied Laser Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huis in 't Veld
authors.affiliation: Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lohse
keywords: 3D printing; additive manufacturing; laser-induced forward transfer; metal printing