title: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels, BsmI Polymorphism and Insulin Resistance in Brazilian Amazonian Children.
abstract: Vitamin D is associated with a wide range of other functions beyond bone development. We evaluated the factors associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in 974 children aged ≤ 10 years and the impact of BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (rs1544410) on metabolic parameters in a subsample (n: 430) with a follow-up 2 years later from the initial population-based cross-sectional study. Multiple linear regression models were used in the analyses. The prevalence (95% CI) of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency of children was 11.1% (9.2-13.2), 21.8% (19.2-24.5) and 67.2% (64.1-70.1), respectively. Overall, 23% of the variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations was accounted for by BsmI polymorphism β = -0.053 (95% CI) (-0.100, -0.006), maternal schooling (≥ 9 years) β = 0.100 (0.039, 0.161), serum vitamin E β = 0.478 (0.381, 0.574), total cholesterol concentration β = 0.232 (0.072, 0.393) and serum folate β = 0.064 (0.013, 0.115). BsmI polymorphism was positively associated with HOMA-IR β = 0.122 (0.002, 0.243) and fasting glucose concentration β = 1.696 (0.259, 3.133). In conclusion, variables related to socioeconomic level, the presence of the allele risk for BsmI and other nutrient concentrations were associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Our results suggest that BsmI polymorphism is correlated with metabolic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, CEP 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil. fernanda.cobayashi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, CEP 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil. barbaralourenco@usp.br.
authors.forename: Bárbara Hatzlhoffer
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, CEP 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil. marlyac@usp.br.
authors.forename: Marly Augusto
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C579457:VDR protein, human; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: children; genetic polymorphism; insulin resistance; nutrition; vitamin D