title: Computation of the change in length of a braided device when deployed in realistic vessel models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An important issue in the deployment of braided stents, such as flow diverters, is the change in length, also known as foreshortening, underwent by the device when is released from the catheter into a blood vessel. The position of the distal end is controlled by the interventionist, but knowing a priori the position of the proximal end of the device is not trivial. In this work, we assess and validate a novel computer method to predict the length that a braided stent will adopt inside a silicon model of an anatomically accurate vessel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional rotational angiography images of aneurysmatic patients were used to generate surface models of the vessels (3D meshes) and then create accurate silicon models from them. A braided stent was deployed into each silicon model to measure its length. The same stents deployed on the silicon models were virtually deployed on the 3D meshes using the method being evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method was applied to five stent placements on three different silicon models. The length adopted by the real braided device in the silicon models varies between 15 and 30% from the stent length specified by the manufacturer. The final length predicted by the method was within the estimated error of the measured real stent length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method provides, in a few seconds, the length of a braided stent deployed inside a vessel, showing an accurate estimation of the final length for the cases studied. This technique could provide useful information for planning the intervention and improve endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms in the future.
authors.affiliation: Galgo Medical S.L., Barcelona, Spain. hector.fernandez@galgomedical.com.
authors.forename: Hector
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9675-0505
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Macho
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blasco
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis San
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Acandis GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mailaender
authors.affiliation: Galgo Medical S.L., Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Pladema, CONICET, UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina. larrabide@exa.unicen.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Larrabide
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D015607:Stents
keywords: Braided stents; Flow diverter; Intracranial aneurysms; Length change prediction