title: Photoperiod affects the cerebrospinal fluid proteome: a comparison between short day- and long day-treated ewes.
abstract: Photoperiod is the main physical synchronizer of seasonal functions and a key factor in the modulation of molecule access to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in animals. Previous work has shown that photoperiod affects the transfer rate of steroids and protein hormones from blood to CSF and modulates choroid plexus tight junction protein content. We hypothesized that the CSF proteome would also be modified by photoperiod. We tested this hypothesis by comparing CSF obtained from the third ventricle of mature, ovariectomized, estradiol-replaced ewes exposed to long day length (LD) or short day length (SD). Variations in CSF protein expression between SD- or LD-treated ewes were studied in pools of CSF collected for 48 h. Proteins were precipitated, concentrated, and included in a polyacrylamide gel without protein fractionation. After in-gel tryptic digestion of total protein samples, we analyzed the resulting peptides by nanoliquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS). Quantitative analysis was performed using 2 methods based on spectral counting and extracted ion chromatograms. Among 103 identified proteins, 41 were differentially expressed between LD and SD ewes (with P < 0.05 and at least a 1.5-fold difference). Of the 41 differentially expressed proteins, 22 were identified by both methods and 19 using extracted ion chromatograms only. Eighteen proteins were more abundant in LD ewes and 23 were more abundant in SD ewes. These proteins are involved in numerous functions including hormone transport, immune system activity, metabolism, and angiogenesis. To confirm proteomic results, 2 proteins, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and gelsolin, for each individual sample of CSF collected under SD or LD were analyzed with Western blots. These results suggest an important photoperiod-dependent change in CSF proteome composition. Nevertheless, additional studies are required to assess the role of each protein in seasonal functions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules, INRA, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France.
authors.forename: A-P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Gomes
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules, INRA, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 7247, CNRS, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Harichaux
authors.affiliation: Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 7247, CNRS, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gennetay
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skipor
authors.affiliation: Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 7247, CNRS, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thiery
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules, INRA, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 7247, CNRS, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Labas
authors.affiliation: Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Unité Mixte de Recherches 7247, CNRS, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: laurence.dufourny@tours.inra.fr.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dufourny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D010052:Ovariectomy; D017440:Photoperiod; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D012756:Sheep / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Blood–brain barrier; Label-free quantification; Melatonin; Proteomics; Seasonality; Sheep