title: Comparison of Obturation Quality in Modified Continuous Wave Compaction, Continuous Wave Compaction, Lateral Compaction and Warm Vertical Compaction Techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to introduce modified continuous wave compaction (MCWC) technique and compare its obturation quality with that of lateral compaction (LC), warm vertical compaction (WVC) and continuous wave compaction techniques (CWC). The obturation time was also compared among the four techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four single-rooted teeth with 0-5° root canal curve and 64 artificially created root canals with 15° curves in acrylic blocks were evaluated. The teeth and acrylic specimens were each divided into four subgroups of 16 for testing the obturation quality of four techniques namely LC, WVC, CWC and MCWC. Canals were prepared using the Mtwo rotary system and filled with respect to their group allocation. Obturation time was recorded. On digital radiographs, the ratio of area of voids to the total area of filled canals was calculated using the Image J software. Adaptation of the filling materials to the canal walls was assessed at three cross-sections under a stereomicroscope (X30). Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc HSD test, the Kruskal Wallis test and t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference existed in adaptation of filling materials to canal walls among the four subgroups in teeth samples (P ≥ 0.139); but, in artificially created canals in acrylic blocks, the frequency of areas not adapted to the canal walls was significantly higher in LC technique compared to MCWC (P ≤ 0.02). The void areas were significantly more in the LC technique than in other techniques in teeth (P < 0.001). The longest obturation time belonged to WVC technique followed by LC, CW and MCWC techniques (P<0.05). The difference between the artificially created canals in blocks and teeth regarding the obturation time was not significant (P = 0.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this in vitro study, MCWC technique resulted in better adaptation of gutta-percha to canal walls than LC at all cross-sections with fewer voids and faster obturation time compared to other techniques.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; School of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aminsobhani
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghorbanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sharifian
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namjou
authors.affiliation: Epidemiologist, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohamad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kharazifard
keywords: Adaptation; Root canal filling; Root canal obturation