title: HLTF's Ancient HIRAN Domain Binds 3' DNA Ends to Drive Replication Fork Reversal.
abstract: Stalled replication forks are a critical problem for the cell because they can lead to complex genome rearrangements that underlie cell death and disease. Processes such as DNA damage tolerance and replication fork reversal protect stalled forks from these events. A central mediator of these DNA damage responses in humans is the Rad5-related DNA translocase, HLTF. Here, we present biochemical and structural evidence that the HIRAN domain, an ancient and conserved domain found in HLTF and other DNA processing proteins, is a modified oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide (OB) fold that binds to 3' ssDNA ends. We demonstrate that the HIRAN domain promotes HLTF-dependent fork reversal in vitro through its interaction with 3' ssDNA ends found at forks. Finally, we show that HLTF restrains replication fork progression in cells in a HIRAN-dependent manner. These findings establish a mechanism of HLTF-mediated fork reversal and provide insight into the requirement for distinct fork remodeling activities in the cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kile
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Diana A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bacal
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eldirany
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
authors.forename: Dmitry M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Korzhnev
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bezsonova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Electronic address: brandt.eichman@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Brandt F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Eichman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: cimprich@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Karlene A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cimprich
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004261:DNA Replication; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D034622:RNA Interference; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C100023:HLTF protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA