title: Multiresidue determination of pyrethroid pesticide residues in pepper through a modified QuEChERS method and gas chromatography with electron capture detection.
abstract: This study developed and used a modified quick, easy, cheap, efficient, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method coupled with gas chromatography with electron capture detection to determine eight pyrethroid pesticide residues in green, red and dehydrated red peppers. Pyrethroids were extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned with sodium chloride and purified with primary secondary amino and graphitized carbon black in hexane. The QuEChERS extraction conditions were optimized, and the matrix effects that might influence recoveries were evaluated and minimized using matrix-matched calibration curves. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves for pyrethroid pesticides showed good linearities in the concentration range of 0.05-20 µg/mL with determination coefficients (R(2) ) >0.997. The limits of quantification of eight pyrethroids were 0.004-0.04 mg/kg for green and red pepper and 0.04-0.5 mg/kg for dehydrated red pepper. These values are below the suggested regulatory maximum residue limits. The mean recoveries ranged between 79.0 and 104%, and the relative standard deviations were <11%. The developed method was successfully applied to commercial samples. Some samples were found to contain pyrethroid pesticides with levels below the legal limits.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.|Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.|Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Deyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.|Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.|Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.|Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Kankan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.|Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Lingzhu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.|Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Baoan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D002212:Capsicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011722:Pyrethrins
keywords: QuEChERS; gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD); pepper; pyrethroids; residue analysis