title: Consensus Paper: Probing Homeostatic Plasticity of Human Cortex With Non-invasive Transcranial Brain Stimulation.
abstract: Homeostatic plasticity is thought to stabilize neural activity around a set point within a physiologically reasonable dynamic range. Over the last ten years, a wide range of non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) techniques have been used to probe homeostatic control of cortical plasticity in the intact human brain. Here, we review different NTBS approaches to study homeostatic plasticity on a systems level and relate the findings to both, physiological evidence from in vitro studies and to a theoretical framework of homeostatic function. We highlight differences between homeostatic and other non-homeostatic forms of plasticity and we examine the contribution of sleep in restoring synaptic homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the growing number of studies showing that abnormal homeostatic plasticity may be associated to a range of neuropsychiatric diseases.
authors.affiliation: Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. Electronic address: ankenk@drcmr.dk.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karabanov
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ziemann
authors.affiliation: National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quartarone
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Classen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massimini
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.affiliation: Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hartwig Roman
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Siebner
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
keywords: Homeostatic plasticity; Long-term inhibition; Long-term potentiation; Metaplasticity; Non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation; Synaptic homeostasis hypothesis