title: Kleine-Levin Syndrome.
abstract: Kleine-Levin syndrome is a rare recurrent encephalopathy primarily affecting teenagers, characterized by relapsing-remitting episodes of hypersomnia along with cognitive, psychiatric and behavioral disturbances. During episodes, patients suddenly present hypersomnia (with sleep lasting 15-21 h/d), cognitive impairment (major apathy, confusion, slowness, amnesia), and a specific feeling of derealization (dreamy state, altered perception). Less frequently, they may also experience hyperphagia (66%), hypersexuality (53%, principally men), depressed mood (53%, principally women), anxiety, hallucinations, and acute brief psychosis (33%). Brain functional imaging is often abnormal. Stimulants are poorly beneficial during episodes, whereas lithium and valproate help reducing the episodes frequency and duration.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorder Unit, National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine Levin syndrome, Inserm U975, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (APHP), Paris 6 University, Paris, France. Electronic address: isabelle.arnufl@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arnulf
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017593:Kleine-Levin Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Derealization; Hyperphagia; Klein-Levin syndrome; Recurrent hypersomnia