title: Sleep-wake disturbances after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Sleep-wake disturbances are extremely common after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The most common disturbances are insomnia (difficulties falling or staying asleep), increased sleep need, and excessive daytime sleepiness that can be due to the TBI or other sleep disorders associated with TBI, such as sleep-related breathing disorder or post-traumatic hypersomnia. Sleep-wake disturbances can have a major effect on functional outcomes and on the recovery process after TBI. These negative effects can exacerbate other common sequelae of TBI-such as fatigue, pain, cognitive impairments, and psychological disorders (eg, depression and anxiety). Sleep-wake disturbances associated with TBI warrant treatment. Although evidence specific to patients with TBI is still scarce, cognitive-behavioural therapy and medication could prove helpful to alleviate sleep-wake disturbances in patients with a TBI.
authors.affiliation: Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. Electronic address: marie-christine.ouellet@psy.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ouellet
authors.affiliation: Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beaulieu-Bonneau
authors.affiliation: École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy