title: The importance of high-frequency audibility with and without visual cues on speech recognition for listeners with normal hearing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of visual cues, speech materials, age and listening condition on the frequency bandwidth necessary for optimizing speech recognition performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a randomized repeated measures design; speech recognition performance was assessed using four speech perception tests presented in quiet and noise in 13 LP filter conditions and presented in multimodalities. Participants' performance data were fitted with a Boltzmann function to determine optimal performance (10% below performance achieved in FBW).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty adults (18-63 years) and thirty children (7-12 years) with normal hearing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual cues significantly reduced the bandwidth required for optimizing speech recognition performance for listeners. The type of speech material significantly impacted the bandwidth required for optimizing performance. Both groups required significantly less bandwidth in quiet, although children required significantly more than adults. The widest bandwidth required was for the phoneme detection task in noise where children required a bandwidth of 7399 Hz and adults 6674 Hz.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Listeners require significantly less bandwidth for optimizing speech recognition performance when assessed using sentence materials with visual cues. That is, the amount of bandwidth systematically decreased as a function of increased contextual, linguistic, and visual content.
authors.affiliation: a * Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , The University of Iowa , Iowa City , USA.|b Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , Western Illinois University , Macomb, Illinois , USA.
authors.forename: Amanda B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Silberer
authors.affiliation: a * Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , The University of Iowa , Iowa City , USA.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bentler
authors.affiliation: a * Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , The University of Iowa , Iowa City , USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013063:Speech Discrimination Tests; D013067:Speech Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Frequency bandwidth; low-pass filtering; speech recognition