title: Immunity of fungal infections alleviated graft reject in liver transplantation compared with non-fungus recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate of the immune tolerance in adult LT recipients with Invasive fungal infections (IFIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  109 consecutive LT recipients who received LT were included. Percentage of T subsets (CD4+CD25hiCD127- T cells, CD4+CD25loCD45RA+ T cells, CD4+CD25loCD45RA- and CD4+CD45RA-CD45RO+ T cells populations), levels of cytokines (IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-17, TNF-α, TNF-β and GM-CSF) were detected by FACS and Bioplex in peripheral blood. Biopsy specimens were fixed, monoclonal antibodies against CD4, Foxp3 and IL-17 were applied to the above sections and FISH was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of acute rejection was decreased in fungal infected liver transplant recipients comparing with non-fungal infected group. CD4+CD25hiCD127T cell population was increased in peripheral blood and memory CD4+CD45RA-CD45RO+ T cell population decreased. There was significant lower levels observed in naïve CD4+CD25loCD45RA+ and CD4+CD25loCD45RA- T cell populations in fungal infected liver transplant. Moreover, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and GM-CSF were decreased. However, no significant difference with IL-4 and IL-8 in serum in two infected LT recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of graft rejection in liver transplantation recipients with fungal infections was lower than the non-fungal group. It is important to assess the risk during pretransplant and postoperation for liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Tonghai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Zhihai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000276:immunology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Graft rejection; T cell subsets; cytokines; fungal infections; liver transplantation