title: Free radicals and antioxidant status in chronic osteomyelitis patients: a case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteomyelitis (OM) is a local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow which may be multifactorial in its causation. Chronic infection is characterised by sequestrum and involucrum formation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study has been carried out for assessing the oxidative stress in chronic OM by measurement of serum oxidants {such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), nitrite} and the serum antioxidants {such as ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ceruloplasmin (Cp), blood glutathione} by spectrophotometric method.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case control study. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected for the estimation of biochemical parameters. This study comprised of 50 OM patients diagnosed at SSLH Hospital, Varanasi and 50 healthy ages (15-35 y) and sex matched individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased (p<0.0001) levels of serum oxidants and significantly decreased (p<0.0001) levels of all serum antioxidants except ceruloplasmin indicated significantly increased (p<0.0001) levels in response to infections in chronic OM patients as compared to the healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that there occurs an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, especially an increase in oxidative stress, as measured by the levels of the parameters: serum MDA, serum protein carbonyl and serum nitrite.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Abha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jyoti
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Saurababh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Bedabrata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Roshni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gavel
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Surendra Pratap
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mishra
keywords: Ceruloplasmin; Malondialdehyde; Nitric oxide; Nitric oxide synthase; Protein carbonyl; Superoxide dismutase