title: Preparation and characterization of vanillin-crosslinked chitosan therapeutic bioactive microcarriers.
abstract: Chitosan microspheres with diameter of 14.3-48.5 μm were prepared by emulsion method and using natural vanillin as cross-linking agent. The surface morphology and microstructure of the microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. The hollow microspheres showed a well-defined spherical shape with median diameter of 30.3 μm and possessed a uniform surface with micro-wrinkles, which is in favor of the drug release. Interpenetrating network cross-linking mechanism might result from the Schiff base reaction and the acetalization of hydroxyl and carbonyl between chitosan and vanillin. Berberine, as a model drug, was loaded in the microspheres and released in a sustainable manner. The drug loading ratio could change from 9.16% to 29.70% corresponding to the entrapment efficiency of 91.61% to 74.25%. In vitro cell culture study using MG63 cells and in vivo implantation clearly showed that the microspheres could provide favorable cell attachment and biocompatibility. The results confirm that the drug-loaded vanillin-crosslinked chitosan microspheres could be a worthy candidate either as carriers of drugs and cells, or as therapeutic matrix for bone repair and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China. Electronic address: nic7504@scu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yubao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry*; D001599:Berberine / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004058:Diffusion; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007700:Kinetics; D008863:Microspheres; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000601:surgery; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D001599:Berberine; D048271:Chitosan; C100058:vanillin
keywords: Biocompatibility; Drug delivery; Vanillin-crosslinked chitosan microspheres