title: Effect of Processing on the Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Flos Lonicerae: An NMR-based Chemometric Approach.
abstract: The processing of medicinal materials, known as Pao Zhi in traditional Chinese medicine, is a unique part of traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely used for the preparation of Chinese materia medica. It is believed that processing can alter the properties and functions of remedies, increase medical potency, and reduce toxicity and side effects. Both processed and unprocessed Flos Lonicerae (flowers of Lonicera japonica) are important drug ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. To gain insights on the effect of processing factors (heating temperature and duration) on the change of chemical composition, nuclear magnetic resonance combined with chemometric analysis was applied to investigate the processing of F. Lonicerae. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data were analyzed by means of a heat map and principal components analysis. The results indicated that the composition changed significantly, particularly when processing at the higher temperature (210 °C). Five chemical components, viz. 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and myo-inositol, whose concentration changed significantly during the processing, were isolated and identified. The patterns for the concentration change observed from nuclear magnetic resonance analysis during the processing were confirmed and quantitatively determined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The study demonstrated that a nuclear magnetic resonance-based chemometric approach could be a promising tool for investigation of the processing of herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA.
authors.forename: Bharathi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avula
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.
authors.forename: Lingyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Chinese Pharmacopeia commission, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiongming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Shunxiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA.
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D031239:Lonicera / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008419:Materia Medica / Q000737:chemistry*; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011801:Quinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: C480201:4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008419:Materia Medica; D011801:Quinic Acid; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C478100:3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid; C100434:3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid