title: Personality, Attentional Biases towards Emotional Faces and Symptoms of Mental Disorders in an Adolescent Sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of personality factors and attentional biases towards emotional faces, in establishing concurrent and prospective risk for mental disorder diagnosis in adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained as part of the IMAGEN study, conducted across 8 European sites, with a community sample of 2257 adolescents. At 14 years, participants completed an emotional variant of the dot-probe task, as well two personality measures, namely the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale and the revised NEO Personality Inventory. At 14 and 16 years, participants and their parents were interviewed to determine symptoms of mental disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Personality traits were general and specific risk indicators for mental disorders at 14 years. Increased specificity was obtained when investigating the likelihood of mental disorders over a 2-year period, with the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale showing incremental validity over the NEO Personality Inventory. Attentional biases to emotional faces did not characterise or predict mental disorders examined in the current sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personality traits can indicate concurrent and prospective risk for mental disorders in a community youth sample, and identify at-risk youth beyond the impact of baseline symptoms. This study does not support the hypothesis that attentional biases mediate the relationship between personality and psychopathology in a community sample. Task and sample characteristics that contribute to differing results among studies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Maeve
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Leary-Barrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Pihl
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, Orsay, Paris, France; AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Artiges
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banaschewski
authors.affiliation: Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Arun L W
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bokde
authors.affiliation: Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büchel
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Herta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flor
authors.affiliation: Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frouin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ittermann
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, Orsay, Paris, France; AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Paillère-Martinot
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nees
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.affiliation: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pausova
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Luise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poustka
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Trevor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Smolka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ströhle
authors.affiliation: MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Conrod
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008603:Mental Health; D010551:Personality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires