title: Review and the state of the art: Sol-gel and melt quenched bioactive glasses for tissue engineering.
abstract: Biomaterial development is currently the most active research area in the field of biomedical engineering. The bioglasses possess immense potential for being the ideal biomaterials due to their high adaptiveness to the biological environment as well as tunable properties. Bioglasses like 45S5 has shown great clinical success over the past 10 years. The bioglasses like 45S5 were prepared using melt-quenching techniques but recently porous bioactive glasses have been derived through sol-gel process. The synthesis route exhibits marked effect on the specific surface area, as well as degradability of the material. This article is an attempt to provide state of the art of the sol-gel and melt quenched bioactive bioglasses for tissue regeneration. Fabrication routes for bioglasses suitable for bone tissue engineering are highlighted and the effect of these fabrication techniques on the porosity, pore-volume, mechanical properties, cytocompatibilty and especially apatite layer formation on the surface of bioglasses is analyzed in detail. Drug delivery capability of bioglasses is addressed shortly along with the bioactivity of mesoporous glasses. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1248-1275, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Holden Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060, USA.|School of Physics & Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala, 147004, India.
authors.forename: Gurbinder
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Holden Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pickrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060, USA.
authors.forename: Nammalwar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sriranganathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Holden Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060, USA.|Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140406, India.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Holden Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Homa
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000378:metabolism; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D044367:Phase Transition; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D018786:Bone Substitutes; C425330:bioactive glass 45S5
keywords: bioactive glasses; bioactivity; cytotoxicity; drug delivery; mechanical properties; melt-quench technique; porosity; sol-gel glasses