title: Short term exposure to ethyl pyruvate has long term anti-inflammatory effects on microglial cells.
abstract: Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has been increasingly appreciated as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent with potent pharmacological properties relevant for treatment of various CNS disorders. Microglial cells seem to be particularly sensitive to its effects. In this study, microglial cells were exposed to EP for relatively short periods (10-120min) and inflammatory properties of the cells were determined after 24h of cultivation. Application of EP in the short-term periods inhibited production of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide in microglial cells. At the same time, the effects on cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation and expression of F4/80 and CD40 of microglial cells were minor. NFκB activation was not affected by EP in the cells during the short exposures, thus implying that the observed effect of EP on cytokine and nitric oxide generation was performed in NFκB independent way. Importantly, effects of the short term EP treatment on microglial cells were detected by a real time cell analysis, as well. The observed ability of EP to affect microglial cell function after relatively short time of exposure is relevant for its therapeutic potential against inflammatory disorders of the CNS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stanisavljević
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jevtić
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Djedović
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: georgije_zw@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Djordje
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miljković
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011773:Pyruvates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C046522:ethyl pyruvate; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Ethyl pyruvate; Interleukin-6; Microglia; Nitric oxide; Tumor necrosis factor