title: EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY AND ENDOSCOPIC URETERAL STENT PLACEMENT IN AN ASIAN SMALL-CLAWED OTTER (AONYX CINEREA) WITH NEPHROLITHIASIS.
abstract: Urolithiasis is a significant disease concern in Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinerea), with over 60% of captive animals affected. Bilateral ureteral stent placement, using endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) were performed as salvage procedures in a 13-yr-old intact female Asian small-clawed otter following a 7-yr history of nephrolithiasis and progressive renal insufficiency. Following the procedure, radiographs revealed a slight shifting of urolith position, although a decrease in urolith mass was not observed. As a result of declining quality of life related to severe osteoarthritis, the otter was euthanized 5 wk after the procedure. While this treatment approach was unsuccessful in this case, the technique was clinically feasible, so ESWL and ureteral stent placement may remain a consideration for other individuals of this species presented earlier in the course of this disease.
authors.forename: Kimberlee B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Wojick
authors.forename: Allyson C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Berent
authors.forename: Chick W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Weisse
authors.forename: Kathryn C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gamble
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010041:Otters; D015607:Stents / Q000662:veterinary*; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Aonyx cinerea; Asian small-clawed otter; interventional radiography; lithotripsy; nephrolith; ureteral stent