title: Therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast cancer: a review.
abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not show immunohistochemical expression of oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors or HER2. At present, no suitable treatment option is available for patients with TNBC. This dearth of effective conventional therapies for the treatment of advanced stage breast cancer has provoked the development of novel strategies for the management of patients with TNBC. This review presents recent information associated with different therapeutic options for the treatment of TNBC focusing on promising targets such as the Notch signalling, Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog pathways, in addition to EGFR, PARP1, mTOR, TGF-β and angiogenesis inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Vinayak S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Jamdade
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.|Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Nikunj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Nitin A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Mundhe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Parveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, India.|Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, India.
authors.forename: Mangala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahkar
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.|Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D051880:Receptors, Notch