title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery compared with open resection for mid and low rectal cancer: a case-matched study with long-term follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to compare the long-term surgical outcomes of patients with mid and low rectal cancer after open or hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-matched controlled prospective analysis of 116 patients who underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) for stage I to III mid and low rectal cancer from 2005 to 2010 was performed. Contemporary patients who underwent open rectal surgery were matched to the HALS group at the ratio of 1:1. The perioperative clinical outcomes, postoperative pathology, and survival outcomes were compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient characteristics between the two groups were comparable. Ninety patients in the open group and 85 in the HALS group received sphincter-preserving surgery. HALS resulted in less blood loss and wound infection, faster return to oral diet, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and longer operating time. The two groups had similar complication rates. Lymph node retrieval and involvement of circumferential and distal margins were similar for both procedures. Cumulative incidences of locoregional recurrence, disease-free, or overall survival rates were statistically similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that HALS for mid and low rectal cancer is acceptable in terms of short-term clinical outcomes and long-term survival results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. xilezhou_1@163.com.
authors.forename: Xile
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. fanlongliuzyyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Fanlong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. caizhaolin_1@163.com.
authors.forename: Caizhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. qihanyouzyyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Qihan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. jinsongyangzyyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. chenwbzju@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. jiahexuzyyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiahe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. ljjzyyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianjiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China. 2810941796@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiangming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D058733:Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate