title: Evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of three capripoxvirus vaccine strains against lumpy skin disease virus.
abstract: The safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of three commercially available vaccines against lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle have been evaluated using a combination of vaccine challenge experiments and the monitoring of immune responses in vaccinated animals in the field. The three vaccines evaluated in the study included two locally produced (Ethiopian) vaccines (lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) Neethling and Kenyan sheep and goat pox (KSGP) O-180 strain vaccines) and a Gorgan goat pox (GTP) vaccine manufactured by Jordan Bio-Industries Centre (JOVAC). The latter vaccine was evaluated for the first time in cattle against LSDV. The Ethiopian Neethling and KSGPO-180 vaccines failed to provide protection in cattle against LSDV, whereas the Gorgan GTP vaccine protected all the vaccinated calves from clinical signs of LSD. There was no significant difference in protective efficacy detected between two dosage levels (P=0.2, P=0.25, and P=0.1 for KSGP, Neethling and Gorgan vaccines, respectively). Additionally, the Gorgan GTP vaccinated cattle showed stronger levels of cellular immune responses measured using Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions at the vaccination site indicating higher levels of immunogenicity produced by the GTPV vaccine in cattle, as opposed to the other two vaccines. This study indicated, for the first time, that the Gorgan GTP vaccine can effectively protect cattle against LSDV and that the Neethling and KSGP O-180 vaccine were not protective. The results emphasise the need for molecular characterization of the Neethling and KSGP O-180 vaccine seed viruses used for vaccine production in Ethiopia. In addition, the potency and efficacy testing process of the Ethiopian LSD Neethling and KSGP O-180 vaccines should be re-evaluated.
authors.affiliation: National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia. Electronic address: getachewgj@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Getachew
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gari
authors.affiliation: National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Getnet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abie
authors.affiliation: National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gizaw
authors.affiliation: National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Alehegn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wubete
authors.affiliation: National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Membere
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kidane
authors.affiliation: National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Hagos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asgedom
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Berecha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bayissa
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Gelagay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ayelet
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Champ Fleurs, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. Electronic address: christopher.oura@sta.uwi.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher A L
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Oura
authors.affiliation: International Agricultural Research Center for Development (CIRAD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, Surrey, United Kingdom. Electronic address: eeva.tuppurainen@pirbright.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Eeva S M
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Tuppurainen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018151:Capripoxvirus / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D005002:Ethiopia; D008166:Lumpy Skin Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008167:Lumpy skin disease virus / Q000276:immunology*; D012756:Sheep; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Cattle; Gorgangoat pox strain; Kenyan sheep and goat pox strain; Lumpy skin disease; Neethling strain; Vaccine