title: Isobornyl acrylate: an impurity in alkyl glucosides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alkyl glucosides and alkyl poly-glucosides are widely used as wetting agents, surfactants and emulsifiers in several industrial and cosmetic products. They are known as well-tolerated and are usually added to the primary surfactants in order to reduce the irritating potential of the main foaming agents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Recently, some authors suggested that allergic contact dermatitis to alkyl glucosides might be more frequent than suspected. On the other hand, the chemical structures of glucosides do not show potentially allergenic chemical groups or strongly polarized structures. The aim of our study is to investigate alkyl glucosides carrying out a detailed chemical analysis on samples of raw materials to identify potentially allergenic impurities or by-products contained in commercial samples of alkyl glucosides.
  
  
  METHODS
  We chemically analyzed samples of cocoyl glucoside, decyl glucoside and lauryl glucoside by three different analytical methods, in order to identify any undesired or polluting substances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In each of the three samples, we detected the presence of isobornyl acrylate. Its approximate content in the tested samples is 500 ng/g of the product.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isobornyl acrylate is not used in the synthesis of alkyl glucosides, but as a plasticizer in many plastic materials. It can be easily released to materials flowing over these surfaces when they have high extraction power, as glucosides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isobornyl acrylate may play a role as hidden allergen, in the form of an impurity collected during the industrial process, explaining some cases of allergic reaction to alkyl glucosides.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology , Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy .
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foti
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology , Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy .
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romita
authors.affiliation: b ISPE, Institute of Skin and Product Evaluation, Milano , Milan , Italy .
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rigano
authors.affiliation: c Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology , Malmö University Hospital, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden .
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zimerson
authors.affiliation: d GSC Laboratories, Olgiate Comasco , Como , Italy , and.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sicilia
authors.affiliation: e Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballini
authors.affiliation: d GSC Laboratories, Olgiate Comasco , Como , Italy , and.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ghizzoni
authors.affiliation: c Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology , Malmö University Hospital, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden .
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antelmi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology , Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy .
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology , Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy .
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonamonte
authors.affiliation: c Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology , Malmö University Hospital, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden .
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruze
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000032:analysis*; D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis*; D001892:Camphanes / Q000032:analysis*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis*; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000485:Allergens; D001892:Camphanes; D005960:Glucosides; D010968:Plasticizers; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C587045:isobornyl acrylate
keywords: Acrylates; allergic contact dermatitis; glucosides; handling impurities; isobornyl acrylate