title: Population pharmacokinetics of kahalalide F in advanced cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we characterize the population pharmacokinetics of kahalalide F (KF), a novel marine anticancer drug, after intravenous (i.v.) administration in advanced cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 240 patients included in three Phase I and three Phase II trials receiving i.v. weekly and every 3 weeks infusions of KF, at doses ranging 266-6650 µg/m(2), were analyzed using NONMEM™ VII. The effect of demographics and/or pathophysiologically relevant factors on KF pharmacokinetic parameters was evaluated. Model evaluation was conducted using nonparametric bootstrap and visual predictive check (in both internal and external datasets).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An open two-compartment model with linear distribution and elimination from central compartment was suitable to describe the data. Volume of distribution at steady state and its between-subject variability (CV%) was estimated to be 6.56 L (28 %). Plasma clearance was estimated to be 6.25 L/h (43 %). Within the range of covariates evaluated, age, weight, body surface area, gender, ECOG performance status, presence of liver metastases, creatinine clearance, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, total protein and serum albumin did not contribute to explain KF pharmacokinetic variability to a significant extent. The developed model was deemed appropriate to describe the time course of KF plasma concentrations and its variability in advanced cancer patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The integration of pharmacokinetic data from six clinical studies demonstrated KF linear elimination from plasma, dose-proportional exposure and time-independent pharmacokinetics. Based on analyzed data, no clinically relevant covariates were identified as predictors of KF pharmacokinetics.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology, Pharma Mar, Madrid, Spain, bmlillo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miguel-Lillo
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: José Esteban
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Peris-Ribera
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soto-Matos
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Ruixo
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047630:Depsipeptides; C097897:kahalalide F