title: Downregulation of the expression of HDGF attenuates malignant biological behaviors of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells.
abstract: Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) has been reported to be a potential predictive and prognostic marker for several types of cancer and important in malignant biological behaviors. However, its role in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma remains to be elucidated. Our previous study demonstrated that high expression levels of HDGF in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues correlates with tumor progression and patient outcome. The present study aimed to elucidate the detailed functions of the HDGF protein. This was performed by downregulating the protein expression of HDGF in the FRH0201 hilar cholangiocarcinoma cell line by RNA interference (RNAi) in vitro, and revealed that downregulation of the HDGF protein significantly inhibited the malignant biological behavior of the FRH0201 cells. In addition, further investigation revealed that downregulation of the protein expression of HDGF significantly decreased the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, which may be the mechanism partially responsible for the inhibition of malignant biological behaviors. These findings demonstrated that HDGF is important in promoting malignant biological behaviors, including proliferation, migration and invasion of hilar cholangiocarcinoma FRH0201 cells. Inhibition of the expression of HDGF downregulated the malignant biological behaviors, suggesting that downregulation of the protein expression of HDGF by RNAi may be a novel therapeutic approach to inhibit the progression of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jingxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guangyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhaojian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kesen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaopeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhaoyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015870:Gene Expression; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C051610:hepatoma-derived growth factor