title: Radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade: potential interactions and future directions.
abstract: Combining radiation and immune checkpoint blockade provides synergistic antitumor responses in animal models and a small subset of patients. New preclinical data have provided mechanistic insight into this treatment interaction and identification of therapeutic targets to optimize this approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: binderd@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Yang-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Ralph R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Weichselbaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen
keywords: cancer; immunotherapy; radiation