title: The secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells: Role of extracellular vesicles in immunomodulation.
abstract: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) inhibit natural killer cell proliferation and activity, suppress T lymphocyte proliferation, dendritic cells maturation and B lymphocyte proliferation and activation. Moreover, MSCs may induce regulatory T cells. Several factors released from MSCs have been implicated in their immune-modulatory properties. These include soluble factors such as interleukins 6 and 10, prostaglandin E2, hepatocyte growth factor, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, nitric oxide, transforming growth factor β1, human leukocyte antigen and extracellular vesicles. These vesicles released from cells have been characterized as a new mechanism of cell-to-cell communication and emerged as mediators of the MSC-immune-modulatory effects. In this review we focused our attention on the extracellular vesicles as paracrine mediators of MSC immune-modulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Deregibus
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. Electronic address: giovanni.camussi@unito.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camussi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000276:immunology; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology
keywords: Extracellular vesicles; Immune-modulation; Mesenchymal stem cells; Soluble factors