title: Bilosomes: A Novel Approach to Meet the Challenges in Oral Immunization.
abstract: Oral immunization with vaccines has proven its worth by eradicating several diseases worldwide, yet only few oral vaccines exist in practice. This is because the oral route is plagued with various challenges for successful delivery of vaccines, such as limited absorption and high degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. Tremendous research in the last decade has made bilosomes a potential carrier system for oral immunization. Bilosomes with its name derived from bile salts (which is one of its major constituent), is a 'niosome-like' colloidal carrier. The collective information addressed through this review, convincingly points out that factors such as size, composition (type of bile salt, and lipid), charge, ligand attached, etc., which show significant influence on the type, and amount of immunity developed following the oral administration of bilosomes. These bile salts containing vesicular carriers have been employed to treat various serious conditions. Some of these methods have been successfully established into patents. Bilosomes loaded with antigens, peptides and other biological materials for the treatment of influenza, heart failure, diuresis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and other gastrointestinal disorders have been discussed in the present article.
authors.affiliation: Advance Drug Delivery Research Lab (Department of Pharmaceutics), Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, University of Delhi, Sector-3, Pushp Vihar, M.B. Road, New Delhi 110 017, India. meenakshindds@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Meenakshi K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Parbat K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.forename: Ashwani S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Arushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bamrara
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000737:chemistry*; D003102:Colloids; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008081:Liposomes; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D003102:Colloids; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D014612:Vaccines