title: Chronic exposure to manganese sulfate leads to adverse dose-dependent effects on the neurobehavioral ability of rats.
abstract: Manganese sulfate is the main combustion product of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). Currently, little is known about the neurobehavioral consequences of chronic manganese sulfate exposure. In this study, rats were treated with 0, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg MnSO4·H2O for 24 consecutive weeks via intraperitoneal injection. During the treatment period, spatial learning-memory ability was measured using the Morris water maze (MWM). At the end of the exposure period, spontaneous motor behavior and emotional status, hippocampal histologic changes, and Hsp70 mRNA levels were measured using the open-field test (OFT), hematoxylin-eosin staining and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), respectively. A dose-dependent decrease was noted in the spatial learning-memory ability and the spontaneous activities of rats (P < 0.05), and negative emotions differed significantly between the exposed groups and the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, overt morphological changes in the hippocampuses of the exposed rats were detected. Cellular degeneration and death were also found. The Hsp70 mRNA levels of the hippocampal areas in the 20.0 mg/kg group (1.567 ± 0.236) were significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that chronic exposure to manganese sulfate can have adverse dose-dependent effects on rats' neurobehavioral ability, and the mechanism of abnormal hippocampal Hsp70 expression needs to be further explored. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1571-1579, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Kangcheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Yuefei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Guiqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Yingnan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Fenfen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Damin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Guangxi Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanning, Guangxi, China. yxbo21021@163.com.|Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. yxbo21021@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013431:Sulfates / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013431:Sulfates; C039798:manganese sulfate
keywords: Hsp70; hippocampus; manganese sulfate; methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl; neurobehavior