title: Deficient interference control during working memory updating in adults with ADHD: An event-related potential study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the underlying mechanisms of poor working memory (WM) performance of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigates interference and load effects during WM updating by use of event-related potentials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty ADHD patients and 41 controls performed verbal n-back tasks under conditions of low and high WM load. Intrusion probes, i.e., lures, were implemented to challenge interference control abilities during WM processing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stimulus-dependent N200 amplitude modulation and behavioral performance in lure trials were reduced in adults with ADHD compared to healthy controls. Also, P300 amplitudes tended to be less sensitive to WM load in patients with ADHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide electrophysiological evidence for inaccurate discrimination of stimulus categories. Particularly, deficient interference control may lead to overt WM deficits in adult subjects with ADHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the neural substrates of executive dysfunction in adult ADHD, focusing on the domain of WM.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stroux
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149 Münster, Germany; Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 62, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shushakova
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Geburek-Höfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ohrmann
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rist
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149 Münster, Germany; Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 62, 24118 Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: pedersen@psychologie.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ERP; Executive functioning; Lure; Response conflict