title: Complications Requiring Hospital Admission and Causes of In-Hospital Death over Time in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data on the epidemiology of alcoholic cirrhosis, especially in Asian countries, are limited. We compared the temporal evolution of patterns of alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis over the last decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively examined the inpatient datasets of five referral centers during 2002 and 2011. The study included patients who were admitted due to specific complications of liver cirrhosis. We compared the causes of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths between patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the included 2,799 hospitalizations (2,165 patients), 1,496 (1,143 patients) were from 2002, and 1,303 (1,022 patients) were from 2011. Over time, there was a reduction in the rate of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a cause of hospitalization and an increase in the rate of hepatocellular carcinoma. Deaths that were attributable to HE or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) significantly decreased, whereas those due to hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) significantly increased over time in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. However, in patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis, hepatic failure and HRS remained the principal causes of in-hospital death during both time periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major causes of in-hospital deaths have evolved from acute cirrhotic complications, including HE or SBP to HRS in alcoholic cirrhosis, whereas those have remained unchanged in nonalcoholic cirrhosis during the last decade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Wook
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Don
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sae Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Kuk
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006530:Hepatorenal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cause of death; Complications; Hospitalization; Liver cirrhosis