title: Adopting the sensemaking perspective for chronic disease self-management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-monitoring is an integral component of many chronic diseases; however few theoretical frameworks address how individuals understand self-monitoring data and use it to guide self-management.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To articulate a theoretical framework of sensemaking in diabetes self-management that integrates existing scholarship with empirical data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed framework is grounded in theories of sensemaking adopted from organizational behavior, education, and human-computer interaction. To empirically validate the framework the researchers reviewed and analyzed reports on qualitative studies of diabetes self-management practices published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed framework distinguishes between sensemaking and habitual modes of self-management and identifies three essential sensemaking activities: perception of new information related to health and wellness, development of inferences that inform selection of actions, and carrying out daily activities in response to new information. The analysis of qualitative findings from 50 published reports provided ample empirical evidence for the proposed framework; however, it also identified a number of barriers to engaging in sensemaking in diabetes self-management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed framework suggests new directions for research in diabetes self-management and for design of new informatics interventions for data-driven self-management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, United States. Electronic address: olm2196@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mamykina
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Columbia University, United States.
authors.forename: Arlene M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smaldone
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, United States; School of Nursing, Columbia University, United States.
authors.forename: Suzanne R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bakken
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003071:Cognition; D003625:Data Collection; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000379:methods; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010358:Patient Participation; D011340:Problem Solving; D012648:Self Care; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Chronic disease; Diabetes; Framework; Self-care