title: Cognitive outcome of pallidal deep brain stimulation for primary cervical dystonia: One year follow up results of a prospective multicenter trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective in alleviating motor symptoms of medication refractory cervical dystonia, but little is known about effects on cognitive functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the first randomized, sham-controlled multicenter trial on DBS in medication-refractory primary cervical dystonia (ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00148889), a subgroup of 13 patients aged 39 to 69 underwent prospective neuropsychological long-term follow-up assessments. Various cognitive domains (memory, executive functions, attention, visual perception, mental arithmetic and verbal intelligence) were examined before and after 12 months of continuous DBS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only the number of produced words in a verbal fluency task which included alternating categories decreased after stimulation (p = 0.020). All other cognitive domains remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that long-term pallidal DBS for the treatment of primary cervical dystonia seems to be safe regarding global cognitive functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dinkelbach
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Poewe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delazer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elben
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolters
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Elfriede
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittstock
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benecke
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Volkmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: martin.suedmeyer@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Südmeyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004421:Dystonia / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Cervical dystonia; Cognition; Deep brain stimulation (DBS); Globus pallidus pars interna; Spasmodic torticollis