title: Aspects of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, treated by advanced core decompression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze remodeling processes after advanced core decompression (ACD) in patients with avascular femoral head necrosis by means of 3T MRI and to identify indicators for clinical outcome considering the defect size and characteristics of the bone graft and of the neighboring regeneration tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four hips, with preexisting preoperative MRIs in 21 cases, were examined 1-34 months (mean 12.7) postoperatively by 3T MRI. The volume of necrosis was measured manually pre- and postoperatively to calculate absolute as well as percentage necrosis reduction. The signal intensity of the bone graft was quantified using a 4-point scale. Border phenomena between the bone graft and bone were described and classified into groups. Wilcoxon sign-rank test was used to identify correlations between the analyzed items and clinical signs of femoral head collapse after a mean follow-up time of 28.6 months (10.4-46.8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean percentage reduction of necrosis was significantly higher in asymptomatic patients (59.36%) compared to patients with signs of femoral head collapse (28.78%, p = 0.008). Signal intensity of the bone graft increased in T1w and T2w TIRM sequences over time after surgery and was significantly higher in asymptomatic patients. Five border phenomena between the bone graft and healthy bone were identified. Among them, the so-called "rail sign" representing three layers of remodeling tissue correlated with the histological observations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A variety of border phenomena representing remodeling processes have been described using 3T MRI. Beneath the percentage amount of necrosis reduction, we identified the signal intensity of the bone graft as an indicator for clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany, andrea.lazik@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazik
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landgraeber
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Claßen
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kraff
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lauenstein
authors.forename: Jens M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Theysohn
mesh_terms: D016723:Bone Remodeling; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016896:Treatment Outcome