title: Spectrum of mutations in Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene in glutaric aciduria type I--Study from South India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutaric aciduria type I is an autosomal recessive organic acid disorder. The primary defect is the deficiency of Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC number 1.3.99.7) enzyme that is involved in the catabolic pathways of the amino acids l-lysine, l-hydroxylysine, and l-tryptophan. It is a treatable neuro-metabolic disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment helps in preventing brain damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene (GCDH) gene was sequenced to identify disease causing mutations by direct sequencing of all the exons in twelve patients who were biochemically confirmed with GA I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified eleven mutations of which nine are homozygous mutations, one heterozygous and two synonymous mutations. Among the eleven mutations, four mutations p.Q162R, p.P286S, p.W225X in two families and p.V410M are novel. A milder clinical presentation is observed in those families who are either heterozygous or with a benign synonymous SNP. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of GCDH with its homologues revealed that the observed novel mutations are not tolerated by protein structure and function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates genetic heterogeneity in GCDH gene mutations among South Indian population. Genetic analysis is useful in prenatal diagnosis and prevention. Mutation analysis is a useful tool in the absence of non-availability of enzyme assay in GA I.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Metabolic Unit, Rainbow Children Hospital, India; Sandor Life Sciences, India. Electronic address: radharamadevi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radha Rama Devi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Computational Biology, CDFD, Gruhakalpa, Nampally, Hyderabad, India; Graduate Studies, Manipal University, India.
authors.forename: Vakkalagadda A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Computational Biology, CDFD, Gruhakalpa, Nampally, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Nagarajaram
authors.affiliation: Sandor Life Sciences, India.
authors.forename: S P S
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Satish
authors.affiliation: Sandor Life Sciences, India.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jayanthi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children Hospital, India.
authors.forename: Lokesh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lingappa
mesh_terms: D000592:Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001928:Brain Diseases, Metabolic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005091:Exons; D050770:Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D050770:Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase
keywords: Glutaric aciduria; Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase; Metabolic disease; Movement disorders; Novel mutation