title: Impact of Occupational Exposure to Chemicals in Life Cycle Assessment: A Novel Characterization Model Based on Measured Concentrations and Labor Hours.
abstract: According to Lim et al., based on World Health Organization (WHO) data, hazardous chemicals in the workplace are responsible for over 370,000 premature deaths annually. Despite these high figures, life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) does not yet include a fully operational method to consider occupational impacts in its scope over the entire supply chain. This paper describes a novel approach to account for occupational exposure to chemicals by inhalation in LCA. It combines labor statistics and measured occupational concentrations of chemicals from the OSHA database to calculate operational LCIA characterization factors (i.e., intakes per hour worked and impact intensities for 19,069 organic chemical/sector combinations with confidence intervals across the entire U.S. manufacturing industry). For the seven chemicals that most contribute to the global impact, measured workplace concentrations range between 5 × 10(-4) and 3 × 10(3) mg/m(3). Carcinogenic impacts range over 4 orders of magnitude, from 1.3 × 10(-8) and up to 3.4 × 10(-4) DALY per blue-collar worker labor hour. The innovative approach set out in this paper assesses health impacts from occupational exposure to chemicals with population exposure to outdoor emissions, making it possible to integrate occupational exposure within LCIA. It broadens the LCIA scope to analyze hotspots and avoid impact shifting.
authors.affiliation: †Polytechnique Montréal, CIRAIG, P.O. Box 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A7.
authors.forename: Gaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kijko
authors.affiliation: †Polytechnique Montréal, CIRAIG, P.O. Box 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A7.
authors.forename: Manuele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Margni
authors.affiliation: §Mathematical and Industrial Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Partovi-Nia
authors.affiliation: †Polytechnique Montréal, CIRAIG, P.O. Box 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A7.|∥Bombardier Aerospace, Design for Environment-Core Engineering, 2351 Alfred Nobel, Montréal, Québec H4S 2B8, Canada.
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Doudrich
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jolliet
mesh_terms: D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D035501:Uncertainty; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals