title: Alarmin' Immunologists: IL-33 as a Putative Target for Modulating T Cell-Dependent Responses.
abstract: IL-33 is a known member of the IL-1 cytokine superfamily classically named "atypical" due to its diverse functions. The receptor for this cytokine is the ST2 chain (or IL-1RL1), part of the IL-1R family, and the accessory chain IL-1R. ST2 can be found as both soluble and membrane-bound forms, property that explains, at least in part, its wide range of functions. IL-33 has increasingly gained our attention as a potential target to modulate immune responses. At the beginning, it was known as one of the participants during the development of allergic states and other Th2-mediated responses and it is now accepted that IL-33 contributes to Th1-driven pathologies as demonstrated in animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), collagen-induced arthritis, and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis, among others. Interestingly, current data are placing IL-33 as a novel regulator of immune tolerance by affecting regulatory T cells (Tregs); although the mechanism is not fully understood, it seems that dendritic cells and myeloid suppressor-derived cells may be cooperating in the generation and/or establishment of IL-33-mediated tolerance. Here, we review the most updated literature on IL-33, its role on T cell biology, and its impact in immune tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gajardo Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terraza
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yáñez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campos-Mora
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pino-Lagos
keywords: IL-33; T cells; tolerance; transplantation