title: Intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid temperature analysis using MR diffusion-weighted imaging thermometry in Parkinson's disease patients, multiple system atrophy patients, and healthy subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the temperature of the intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid (Tv) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and those with multiple system atrophy (MSA) in comparison with healthy subjects, and we examined normal changes in this temperature with aging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tv was estimated by magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) thermometry in 36 PD patients (19 males, 17 females), 34 MSA patients (17 males, 17 females), 64 age-matched controls (27 men, 37 women), and 114 all-age adult controls (47 men, 67 women; 28-89 years old). The volume of lateral ventricles was also estimated using FreeSurfer in all subjects. Tv and ventricular volume data were compared among the PD and MSA patients and age-matched controls. We also evaluated the relationship between Tv and age in the 114 all-age controls, controlling for ventricular volume. Men and women were analyzed separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The male PD and MSA patients had significantly higher Tv values compared to the male controls, with no significant difference in ventricular volume among them. There was no significant difference in Tv between the female patients and controls. In the all-age male controls, there was a significant negative correlation between Tv and age controlling for ventricular volume, and this was not observed in the women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DWI thermometry is a useful and easy method for demonstrating an altered intracranial environment in male patients and healthy controls, but not in females. DWI thermometry can thus be used to help to explore the pathophysiology of Parkinsonian syndromes and to differentiate individuals affected by neurodegenerative disease with autonomic dysfunction from those without it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan ; Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Mental Health 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan ; Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nippashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimiteru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Mental Health 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maikusa
authors.affiliation: Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Imabayashi
authors.affiliation: Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-honmachi, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunimatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuni
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D009929:Organ Size; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D062125:Thermometry / Q000379:methods
keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid; Parkinson's disease; diffusion-weighted imaging thermometry; multiple system atrophy; temperature