title: A case of rhabdomyolysis associated with severe opioid withdrawal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While the risk of opioid overdose is widely accepted, the dangers of opioid withdrawal are far less clearly defined. The purpose of this publication is to provide evidence against the erroneous clinical dictum that opioid withdrawal is never life-threatening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This case report (N = 1) illustrates an unfortunate, common scenario of a man abusing prescription opioids and heroin. His attempt at self-detoxification with buprenorphine-naloxone resulted in life-threatening opioid withdrawal. A detailed account of each day of his withdrawal period was documented by patient and family report and review of all medical records. The patient was contacted three months after hospitalization to verify information and determine progress in treatment and abstinence from drugs and alcohol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A review of the literature was completed on severe cases of precipitated and spontaneous opioid withdrawal followed by a discussion of the significance as it relates to this case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the widespread use of prescription opioids and opioid maintenance treatment, physicians should be aware of the complications of acute opioid withdrawal and should be equipped to treat these complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Deepali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gangahar
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069479:Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D003932:Heroin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000009:adverse effects; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000009:adverse effects; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012651:Self Medication; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000069479:Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D003932:Heroin; D010111:Oxymorphone; D010098:Oxycodone