title: A cross-sectional study to determine utility of childbirth fear screening in maternity practice - An Australian perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low intensity anxiety in pregnancy is normal however high levels of fear affect between 20% and 25% of women, with around 10% suffering severe levels. Research from Scandinavian countries includes women with severe levels of fear, with little work undertaken in Australia. This paper explores predictors of fear and the relative benefits of screening women for childbirth fear at high or severe levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary analysis of data collected for the BELIEF study was conducted to determine differences for demographic, psycho-social and obstetric factors in women with severe fear (W-DEQ ≥85, n=68) compared to women with less or no fear (n=1318). Women with severe fear (W-DEQ ≥85, n=68) were also compared to those with high fear scores (W-DEQ ≥66-84, n=265). Logistic regression modelling was used to ascertain if screening for high or severe levels of fear is most optimal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1386 women completed the W-DEQ. There were no differences on demographic variables between women with severe or high fear. Depression symptoms, decisional conflict and low self-efficacy predicted high and severe fear levels. Nulliparity was a predictor of high fear. A previous operative birth and having an unsupportive partner were predictors of high fear in multiparous women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial factors were associated with both high and severe fear levels. Screening for severe fear may detect women with pre-existing mental health problems that are exacerbated by fear of birth. Australian women with high childbirth fear levels (W-DEQ ≥66) should be identified and provided appropriate support.
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, QLD 4131, Australia. Electronic address: J.Toohill@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toohill
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, QLD 4131, Australia. Electronic address: D.Creedy@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Creedy
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, QLD 4131, Australia. Electronic address: J.Gamble@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, QLD 4131, Australia; Gold Coast University Hospital, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia. Electronic address: J.Fenwick@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fenwick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety; D001315:Australia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010298:Parity; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Antenatal screening; Childbirth fear; Depression