title: Effects of genetic factors on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine in primary hypertensive patients.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of common genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450(CYP)3A4,CYP3A5, cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine in primary hypertensive patients. The mild-to-moderate essential hypertension patients were recruited to complete the genotyping ofCYP3A4,CYP3A5,PORandMDR1by sequencing. After a 1-week placebo washout period, the subjects received 5 mg oral amlodipine daily for 4 weeks. Serial blood samples were collected prior to the last dosing, and 2, 6 and 24 h post-dosing. Blood pressures were measured prior and subsequent to dosing, and the demographical data were also collected. The blood samples were collected for laboratory testing. The plasma concentrations of amlodipine were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 60 patients, including 31 males and 29 females, completed the 4-week treatment. The plasma concentration of amlodipine in females at each time point was significantly higher compared to males (P<0.05). However, no significant gender differences existed in antihypertensive efficacy. The genetic polymorphisms ofMDR1 C3435Thad a certain impact on the plasma concentration of amlodipine, but did not affect its antihypertensive efficacy (P>0.05). The genetic polymorphisms ofCYP3A4*1G,CYP3A5*3andPOR A503Vshowed no impact on plasma concentration and efficacy of amlodipine (P>0.05). Gender andMDR1gene polymorphism may affect the plasma concentration of amlodipine in hypertensive patients. However, there was no impact on the efficacy of amlodipine.
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chengxian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Q I
authors.initials: QI
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: amlodipine; genetic factors; hypertension; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics