title: Aerobic exercise training promotes physiological cardiac remodeling involving a set of microRNAs.
abstract: Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is an important physiological compensatory mechanism in response to chronic increase in hemodynamic overload. There are two different forms of LV hypertrophy, one physiological and another pathological. Aerobic exercise induces beneficial physiological LV remodeling. The molecular/cellular mechanisms for this effect are not totally known, and here we review various mechanisms including the role of microRNA (miRNA). Studies in the heart, have identified antihypertrophic miRNA-1, -133, -26, -9, -98, -29, -378, and -145 and prohypertrophic miRNA-143, -103, -130a, -146a, -21, -210, -221, -222, -27a/b, -199a/b, -208, -195, -499, -34a/b/c, -497, -23a, and -15a/b. Four miRNAs are recognized as cardiac-specific: miRNA-1, -133a/b, -208a/b, and -499 and called myomiRs. In our studies we have shown that miRNAs respond to swimming aerobic exercise by 1) decreasing cardiac fibrosis through miRNA-29 increasing and inhibiting collagen, 2) increasing angiogenesis through miRNA-126 by inhibiting negative regulators of the VEGF pathway, and 3) modulating the renin-angiotensin system through the miRNAs-27a/b and -143. Exercise training also increases cardiomyocyte growth and survival by swimming-regulated miRNA-1, -21, -27a/b, -29a/c, -30e, -99b, -100, -124, -126, -133a/b, -143, -144, -145, -208a, and -222 and running-regulated miRNA-1, -26, -27a, -133, -143, -150, and -222, which influence genes associated with the heart remodeling and angiogenesis. We conclude that there is a potential role of these miRNAs in promoting cardioprotective effects on physiological growth.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil;
authors.forename: Valério G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Baraúna
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and.
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Negrão
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Stem Cells, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California.
authors.forename: M Ian
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; edilamar@usp.br.
authors.forename: Edilamar M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059267:Cardiomegaly, Exercise-Induced; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: angiogenesis; cardiac hypertrophy; microRNA; running training; swimming training