title: Variations in the GLA gene correlate with globotriaosylceramide and globotriaosylsphingosine analog levels in urine and plasma.
abstract: Recent data have shown that lyso-Gb3, the deacylated derivative of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of Fabry disease (FD) and might be a clinically useful biomarker of its metabolic load. To test this hypothesis, we assayed Gb3 and lyso-Gb3 and related analogs in plasma and/or urine samples of 12 clinically well-characterized subjects carrying several different GLA variant alleles associated with a wide range of residual α-galactosidase A activities. Urinary Gb3 was measured by HPLC-MS/MS; plasma and urinary lyso-Gb3 and related analogs were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. Individual profiles of Gb3 and lyso-Gb3 and related analogs closely correlated with the phenotypic data for each subject, discerning the classical FD patient from the two patients carrying cardiac variants as well as those from all the others without FD. The lyso-Gb3 analog at m/z 836 was found at increased levels only in patients manifesting clinically severe heart disease, irrespective of the pathogenicity of the GLA variant they carried. This finding suggests that this lyso-Gb3 analog might be an earlier biomarker of progressive heart disease, non-specific of the FD cardiomyopathy. The possibility that urinary Gb3 is a specific marker of kidney involvement in FD deserves further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: susanadg@med.up.pt.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: christiane.auray-blais@usherbrooke.ca.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Auray-Blais
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: michel.boutin2@usherbrooke.ca.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boutin
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: pamela.lavoie@usherbrooke.ca.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.affiliation: Service of Cardiology, São João Hospital Centre, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: jplnunes@med.up.pt.
authors.forename: José Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Service of Cardiology, São João Hospital Centre, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: elismartins@med.up.pt.
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Electronic address: garman@biochem.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garman
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Medical Genetics Outpatient Clinic, São João Hospital Centre, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: jpo@med.up.pt.
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000795:Fabry Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D014281:Trihexosylceramides / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006017:Glycolipids; D013107:Sphingolipids; D014281:Trihexosylceramides; C063288:globotriaosyl lysosphingolipid; C018549:globotriaosylceramide; C576330:GLA protein, human; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase
keywords: Biomarker; Fabry disease; GLA gene; Gb(3); Lyso-Gb3 analogs; α-Galactosidase A