title: Expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase is associated with a poor prognosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients treated with CHOP-based chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is involved in somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination processes in the antibody formation. The AID activity induces gene mutations and could be associated with transformation processes of B cells. Nevertheless, the relation between AID expression and the prognosis of B cell lymphoma patients remains uncharacterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined expression levels of the AID gene in 89 lymph node specimens from lymphoma and non-lymphoma patients with Northern blot analysis and investigated an association with their survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AID gene was preferentially expressed in B cell lymphoma in particular in diffuse large B cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. We confirmed AID protein expression in the mRNA-positive but not in the negative specimens with Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Survival of the patients treated with cyclophosphamide-/doxorubicin-/vincristine-/prednisone-based chemotherapy demonstrated that the prognosis of diffuse large B cell patients was unfavorable in the mRNA-positive group compared with the negative group, and that AID expression levels were correlated with the poor prognosis. In contrast, AID expression was not linked with the prognosis of follicular lymphoma patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AID expression is a predictive marker for an unfavorable outcome in DLBCL patients treated with the chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.|Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.|Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Ji-Yang
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.|Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Quanhai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center, 66-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center, 66-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujimura
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center, 66-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center, 66-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itami
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, 477-96 Owadasinden, Yachiyo, 276-8524, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiroshima
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan. mtagawa@chiba-cc.jp.|Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. mtagawa@chiba-cc.jp.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D011241:Prednisone
keywords: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase; Diffuse large B cell lymphoma; Prognosis