title: First multi-reactive dextran-based inisurf for atom transfer radical polymerization in miniemulsion.
abstract: A multi-reactive polysaccharide-based inisurf (acting both as initiator and stabilizer) has been designed for the first time from dextran with the aim of preparing dextran-covered nanoparticles with covalent linkage between core and coverage. This inisurf was used for polymerizing butyl acrylate in miniemulsion by AGET-ATRP. Both hydrophobic phenoxy groups and initiator groups (bromoisobutyryl ester) were introduced within hydrophilic dextran chain, conferring it amphiphilic and macroinitiator characters. Amphiphilic properties of dextran inisurfs have been evidenced as well as their ability to stabilize the direct miniemulsion of n-butyl acrylate. After optimization of polymerization conditions with model studies, assays were successfully realized with dextran-based inisurfs. Because of their amphiphilic character, inisurfs migrated at oil/water interface and initiated polymerization from bromoisobutyryl ester groups. Therefore graft copolymers were produced at oil/water interface, due to the multifunctional character of these inisurfs and constituted the particle inner core with covalent links to the dextran coverage.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Forero Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez Lozano
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM2), Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quémener
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Babin
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; Pôle de Chimie Biophysique, UMR 8640, ENS Chemistry Department, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marie
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Six
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, Nancy, F-54000, France. Electronic address: cecile.nouvel@univ-lorraine.fr.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nouvel
mesh_terms: D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D004655:Emulsions; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
keywords: AGET; Glycopolymer; Nanoparticle; Polysaccharide; Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization; Surfactant