title: Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Dystrophin-Deficient Muscle Cells: Effects on Regeneration Capacity, Inflammation Response and Oxidative Stress.
abstract: The present study evaluated low-level laser therapy (LLLT) effects on some physiological pathways that may lead to muscle damage or regeneration capacity in dystrophin-deficient muscle cells of mdx mice, the experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Primary cultures of mdx skeletal muscle cells were irradiated only one time with laser and analyzed after 24 and 48 hours. The LLLT parameter used was 830 nm wavelengths at 5 J/cm² fluence. The following groups were set up: Ctrl (untreated C57BL/10 primary muscle cells), mdx (untreated mdx primary muscle cells), mdx LA 24 (mdx primary muscle cells - LLLT irradiated and analyzed after 24 h), and mdx LA 48 (mdx primary muscle cells - LLLT irradiated and analyzed after 48 h). The mdx LA 24 and mdx LA 48 groups showed significant increase in cell proliferation, higher diameter in muscle cells and decreased MyoD levels compared to the mdx group. The mdx LA 48 group showed significant increase in Myosin Heavy Chain levels compared to the untreated mdx and mdx LA 24 groups. The mdx LA 24 and mdx LA 48 groups showed significant increase in [Ca2+]i. The mdx group showed significant increase in H2O2 production and 4-HNE levels compared to the Ctrl group and LLLT treatment reduced this increase. GSH levels and GPx, GR and SOD activities increased in the mdx group. Laser treatment reduced the GSH levels and GR and SOD activities in dystrophic muscle cells. The mdx group showed significant increase in the TNF-α and NF-κB levels, which in turn was reduced by the LLLT treatment. Together, these results suggest that the laser treatment improved regenerative capacity and decreased inflammatory response and oxidative stress in dystrophic muscle cells, indicating that LLLT could be a helpful alternative therapy to be associated with other treatment for dystrophinopathies.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Barbosa
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Henrique Rapucci
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Sayuri
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Mizobuti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Reis
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fogaça
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Dos Santos Rapucci
authors.initials: Fdos S
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tulio de Almeida
authors.initials: Tde A
authors.lastname: Hermes
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Science of Human Movement, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pertille
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minatel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018101:Mice, Inbred mdx; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016189:Dystrophin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains; D002118:Calcium