title: Mood & alcohol-related attentional biases: New considerations for gender differences and reliability of the visual-probe task.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol-related attentional biases are positively associated with drinking history and may represent a mechanism by which alcohol use behavior is maintained over time. This study was designed to address two unresolved issues regarding alcohol-related attention biases. Specifically, this study tested whether acute changes in positive and negative mood increase attentional biases toward alcohol cues and whether coping and enhancement drinking motives moderate these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 100 college students aged 18-25, who drank alcohol at least once in the last 90 days. In a 2 × 3 mixed design, participants were randomized to one of three mood conditions (neutral, negative, or positive) and completed visual-probe tasks pre- and post-mood-induction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attentional biases toward alcohol cues were significantly associated with alcohol consumption among men, but not women. Although the mood manipulation was highly successful, attentional biases did not vary as a function of mood condition and hypothesized moderating effects of drinking motives were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The largely null findings of the experiment are discussed in light of the fact that the visual probe task had poor reliability. Issues related to the reliability of visual-probe task are discussed, as more research is needed to evaluate and improve the psychometrics of this method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of South Dakota, United States. Electronic address: noah.emery@usd.edu.
authors.forename: Noah N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of South Dakota, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Simons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Affect; Alcohol-related attentional bias; Drinking motives; Gender differences; Reliability; Visual-probe task