title: High Precision DNA Modification Analysis of HCG9 in Major Psychosis.
abstract: New epigenetic technologies may uncover etiopathogenic mechanisms of major psychosis. In this study, we applied padlock probe-based ultra-deep bisulfite sequencing for fine mapping of modified cytosines of the HLA complex group 9 (nonprotein coding) gene in the postmortem brains of individuals affected with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and unaffected controls. Significant differences between patients and controls were detected in both CpG and CpH modifications. In addition, we identified epigenetic age effects, DNA modification differences between sense and anti-sense strands, and demonstrated how DNA modification data can be used in clustering of patient populations. Our findings revealed new epigenetic complexities but also highlighted the potential of DNA modification approaches in the search of heterogeneous causes of major psychiatric disease.
authors.affiliation: Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada;
authors.forename: Mrinal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada;
authors.forename: Sasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada;
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada;
authors.forename: Tarang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khare
authors.affiliation: Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada;
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Mood Disorders Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287;
authors.forename: Zachary A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Kaminsky
authors.affiliation: Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Chungli City 32001, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sun-Chong
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Art.Petronis@camh.ca.
authors.forename: Arturas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petronis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002102:Cadaver; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: C089801:HCG9 non-protein coding RNA, human; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D004247:DNA
keywords: bipolar disorder; bisulfite sequencing; brain; epigenetics; padlock probes; schizophrenia