title: Effects of Iron Supplementation With and Without Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Based on Paraoxonase-1, hs-CRP, and ApoB/ApoA-I Ratio in Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia.
abstract: Numerous studies have demonstrated that tissue deposition of iron following prolonged high dose of oral supplementation for treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) leads to body iron overload and oxidative stress, which starts the process of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the effect of iron supplementation in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the cardiovascular disease risk based on paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in women with IDA. In this randomized controlled trial, 76 women with IDA, aged 15-45 years, were included. The patients were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg of DHA supplement or placebo with an iron tablet, once daily for 12 weeks. The participants were assessed by measurement of the serum iron, ferritin, PON-1, hs-CRP levels, and the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio at the beginning and end of study. Serum hs-CRP decreased in the DHA-supplemented group (p = 0.036), and ApoA-I decreased in the placebo group (p = 0.013). No significant difference was detected for the serum PON-1 concentration and the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in two groups. Iron supplementation combined with DHA may have favorable effects on serum hs-CRP in women with IDA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shidfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amani
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vafa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shekarriz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Robat Karim Branch, Islamic Azad University, Robat Karim, Iran.
authors.forename: Sharieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Worcester Memorial Hospital, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, USA.
authors.forename: Shahrzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shidfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eshraghian
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. neda.mousavi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Seyedeh Neda
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mousavi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Docosahexaenoic acid; Iron deficiency anemia; Iron supplementation; Lipid peroxidation; Lipid profile