title: Health insurance coverage and healthcare utilization among infants of mothers in the national methadone maintenance treatment program in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children of heroin-using women have a higher risk of unfavorable health and developmental outcomes. Although methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been widely used to treat heroin-using pregnant women, potential effects on accessibility and utilization of healthcare service for their offspring are less explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used four national registry and health insurance datasets in Taiwan from 2004 to 2009 to form a population-based matched retrospective cohort study. A total of 1056 neonates born to women in the MMT program (857 born before mother's enrollment in the MMT program [BM], 199 born after mother's enrollment in the MMT program [AM]) was established; 10547 matched non-drug [ND] exposed neonates were identified for comparison. Outcome variables included offspring's health insurance coverage and utilization of preventive, outpatient, and emergency room cares in the first year after birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants born to mothers on MMT were more likely to have no or incomplete insurance coverage (BM: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.29, 95% CI: 1.10-1.53; AM: aOR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.14-2.13) as compared with the socioeconomic status-matched ND group. The BM infants appeared to have fewer preventive care visits (adjusted relative risk [aRR]=0.85, 95% CI: 0.80-0.90), whereas the AM infants utilized outpatient and emergency room services more frequently (outpatient: aRR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.23; emergency: aRR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.11-1.90).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addiction treatment and harm reduction programs for women of childbearing ages should be delivered in the coordinated framework that ensures comprehensiveness and continuity in healthcare and social services.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shao-You
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ing-Kang
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan; Center of Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan; College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan. Electronic address: chuanychen@ym.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chuan-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009035:Mothers; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone
keywords: Access to health care; Addiction; Children