title: Hyperactivity and impaired attention in Gamma aminobutyric acid transporter subtype 1 gene knockout mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioural disorder. It is conceivable that Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission is implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD. This study investigated the effect of GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) on the anxiety-like behaviours and cognitive function in knockout mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 20 adult male mice were divided into two groups: wild-type (WT) group and GAT-1-/- group. The open field test, elevated O-maze (EZM) and Morris water maze were used to evaluate behavioural traits relevant to ADHD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with WT mice, the GAT-1-/- mice travelled longer and displayed an enhanced kinematic velocity with the significant reduction of rest time in the open field test (p<0.05). The EZM showed that GAT-1-/- mice displayed a significant increase in total entries into the open sectors and the closed sectors compared with the WT mice. The WT mice showed shorter latencies after the training session (p<0.01), whereas the GAT-1-/- mice made no difference during probe test, the GAT-1-/- mice spent less time in the target quadrant (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that GAT-1-/- mice have phenotypes of hyperactivity, impaired sustained attention and learning deficiency, and the performance of GAT-1-/- mice is similar to ADHD symptoms. So, the study of the GAT-1-/- mice may provide new insights into the mechanisms and the discovery of novel therapeutics for the treatment of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology,Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology,Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology,Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology,Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,China.
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology,Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Pediatric,Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,China.
authors.forename: Biqin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology,Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,China.
authors.forename: Yinghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C493414:Slc6a1 protein, mouse; C491518:Wig1 protein, mouse; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
keywords: GABA transporters 1; Gamma aminobutyric acid; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder