title: Orthobunyaviruses and innate immunity induction: alieNSs vs. PredatoRRs.
abstract: The taxonomic group of Orthobunyaviruses is gaining increased attention, as several emerging members are causing devastating illnesses among humans and livestock. These viruses are transmitted to mammals by arthropods (mostly mosquitoes) during the blood meal. The nature of their genomic RNA predisposes orthobunyaviruses for eliciting a strong innate immune response mediated by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), especially the cytoplasmic RIG-I. However, the PRR responses are in fact disabled by the viral non-structural protein NSs. NSs imposes a strong block of cellular gene expression by inhibiting elongating RNA polymerase II. In this review, we will give an overview on the current state of knowledge regarding the interactions between orthobunyaviruses, the PRR axis, and NSs.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: friedemann.weber@vetmed.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Friedemann
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007372:Interferons / Q000276:immunology; D058751:Livestock / Q000821:virology; D016851:Orthobunyavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D007372:Interferons; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; C452820:RIGI protein, human; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases
keywords: Bunyamwera; La Crosse; NSs; Orthobunyaviruses; RIG-I; RNA polymerase II; RPB1 degradation; Schmallenberg; interferon induction; mRNA elongation; pathogen recognition receptors