title: Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for determination of p-phenylenediamine and its metabolites in blood samples.
abstract: In some developing countries, p-phenylenediamine (PPD) is used in combination with Henna as hair dye or skin decoration. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and its metabolites N-acetyl-p-phenylenediamine (MAPPD) and N,N-diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine (DAPPD) in human blood. Acetanilide was used as an internal standard (IS). The LC-MS/MS was operated under multiple reaction-monitoring mode using the electrospray positive ionization technique. The transition ions m/z 109→92, m/z 151→92, m/z 193→92, and m/z 136→77 were selected for the quantification of PPD, MAPPD, DAPPD, and IS, respectively. The linear range was 10-2000ng/mL for all the compounds. The absolute recoveries were 51.94, 56.20 and 54.88% for PPD, MAPPD and DAPPD, respectively. Intra- and inter-assay imprecision were lower than 14% (RSD), and the bias of the assay was lower than 15% for all the compounds. The stability studies demonstrated that critical degradation for PPD in blood samples and autosampler occurred after 6h, while MAPPD and DAPPD were stable in blood samples and the autosampler up to 48h and 24h, respectively. This newly developed method allows for the detection of PPD and its metabolites in blood samples in the clinical and forensic setting.
authors.affiliation: Assiut Chemical Laboratory, Medico-Legal Department, Ministry of Justice, Assiut, Egypt. Electronic address: khaled.masoud@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cromarty
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Steenkamp
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010655:Phenylenediamines
keywords: Blood; LC–MS/MS; Metabolites; Stability; Validation; p-Phenylenediamine