title: Factors associated with longitudinal food record compliance in a paediatric cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-compliance with food record submission can induce bias in nutritional epidemiological analysis and make it difficult to draw inference from study findings. We examined the impact of demographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors on such non-compliance during the first 3 years of participation in a multidisciplinary prospective paediatric study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study collects a 3 d food record quarterly during the first year of life and semi-annually thereafter. High compliance with food record completion was defined as the participating families submitting one or more days of food record at every scheduled clinic visit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three centres in the USA (Colorado, Georgia/Florida and Washington) and three in Europe (Finland, Germany and Sweden).
  
  
  METHODS
  Families who finished the first 3 years of TEDDY participation (n 8096).
  
  
  RESULTS
  High compliance was associated with having a single child, older maternal age, higher maternal education and father responding to study questionnaires. Families showing poor compliance were more likely to be living far from the study centres, from ethnic minority groups, living in a crowded household and not attending clinic visits regularly. Postpartum depression, maternal smoking behaviour and mother working outside the home were also independently associated with poor compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings identified specific groups for targeted strategies to encourage completion of food records, thereby reducing potential bias in multidisciplinary collaborative research.
authors.affiliation: 1Pediatrics Epidemiology Center,Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine,University of South Florida,3650 Spectrum Blvd,Suite 100,Tampa,FL 33612,USA.
authors.forename: Jimin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1Pediatrics Epidemiology Center,Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine,University of South Florida,3650 Spectrum Blvd,Suite 100,Tampa,FL 33612,USA.
authors.forename: Kristian F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: 1Pediatrics Epidemiology Center,Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine,University of South Florida,3650 Spectrum Blvd,Suite 100,Tampa,FL 33612,USA.
authors.forename: Ulla M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Uusitalo
authors.affiliation: 2Research Institute of Child Nutrition,Dortmund,Germany.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Foterek
authors.affiliation: 3Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, andForschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar,Technische Universität München, andForschergruppe Diabetes e.V.,Neuherberg,Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.affiliation: 4Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine,Medical College of Georgia,Georgia Regents University,Augusta,GA,USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Silvis
authors.affiliation: 5Department of Clinical Sciences,Lund University/CRC,Skåne University Hospital SUS,Malmö,Sweden.
authors.forename: Carin Andrén
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Aronsson
authors.affiliation: 6National Institute for Health and Welfare,Terveystieteiden yksikkö,Tampereen yliopisto,Finland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riikonen
authors.affiliation: 7Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes,University of Colorado School of Medicine,Aurora,CO,USA.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rewers
authors.affiliation: 4Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine,Medical College of Georgia,Georgia Regents University,Augusta,GA,USA.
authors.forename: Jin-Xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: She
authors.affiliation: 3Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, andForschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar,Technische Universität München, andForschergruppe Diabetes e.V.,Neuherberg,Germany.
authors.forename: Anette G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: 8Departments of Pediatrics,Turku University Hospital,Turku,Finland.
authors.forename: Olli G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Simell
authors.affiliation: 9Department of Physiology and Pediatrics,University of Turku,Turku,Finland.
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toppari
authors.affiliation: 10Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute,Seattle,WA,USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hagopian
authors.affiliation: 5Department of Clinical Sciences,Lund University/CRC,Skåne University Hospital SUS,Malmö,Sweden.
authors.forename: Åke
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Lernmark
authors.affiliation: 11National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,Bethesda,MD,USA.
authors.forename: Beena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akolkar
authors.affiliation: 1Pediatrics Epidemiology Center,Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine,University of South Florida,3650 Spectrum Blvd,Suite 100,Tampa,FL 33612,USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Krischer
authors.affiliation: 12Department of Epidemiology,Colorado School of Public Health,Aurora,CO,USA.
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.affiliation: 13National Institute for Health and Welfare,Nutrition Unit,Helsinki,Finland.
authors.forename: Suvi M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.affiliation: 14Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences,Florida State University College of Medicine,Tallahassee,FL,USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015982:Bias; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003120:Colorado; D015930:Diet Records; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005431:Florida; D005845:Georgia; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014861:Washington
keywords: Dietary assessment; Food record compliance; Longitudinal study; Paediatrics; TEDDY