title: Applicable advances in the molecular pathology of glioblastoma.
abstract: Comprising more than 80% of malignant brain tumors, glioma has proven to be a daunting cause of mortality in a vast majority of the human population. Progressive and extensive research on malignant glioma has substantially enhanced our understanding of glioma cell biology and molecular pathology. Subtypes of glioma such as astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma are currently grouped together into one pathological class, where they show many differences in histology and molecular etiology. This indicates that it may be beneficial to consider a new and radical subclassification. Thus, we summarize recent developments in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) subtypes, immunohistochemical analyses useful for diagnoses and the biological evaluation and therapeutic implications of gliomas in this review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranjit
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.forename: Fumiharu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ohka
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natsume
mesh_terms: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000235:genetics; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D008745:Methylation; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000075924:X-linked Nuclear Protein
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004265:DNA Helicases; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D006657:Histones; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha; D019098:Telomerase; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000075924:X-linked Nuclear Protein; C405708:OLIG2 protein, human; C515491:MGMT protein, human; C509186:TERT protein, human; C092332:ATRX protein, human