title: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection has donor-dependent effect on human gut microbiota and may be antagonized by probiotic yeast during interaction with Peyer's patches.
abstract: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are major food-borne pathogens responsible for serious infections ranging from mild diarrhea to hemorrhagic colitis and life-threatening complications. Shiga toxins (Stxs) are the main virulence factor of EHEC. The antagonistic effect of a prophylactic treatment with the probiotic strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae against EHEC O157:H7 was investigated using complementary in vitro human colonic model and in vivo murine ileal loop assays. In vitro, the probiotic treatment had no effect on O157:H7 survival but favorably influenced gut microbiota activity through modulation of short-chain fatty acid production, increasing acetate production and decreasing that of butyrate. Both pathogen and probiotic strains had individual-dependent effects on human gut microbiota. For the first time, stx expression was followed in human colonic environment: at 9 and 12 h post EHEC infection, probiotic treatment significantly decreased stx mRNA levels. Besides, in murine ileal loops, the probiotic yeast specifically exerted a trophic effect on intestinal mucosa and inhibited O157:H7 interactions with Peyer's patches and subsequent hemorrhagic lesions. Taken together, the results suggest that S. cerevisiae may be useful in the fight against EHEC infection and that host associated factors such as microbiota could influence clinical evolution of EHEC infection and the effectiveness of probiotics.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.|Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, M2iSH, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte UMR INSERM / Université d'Auvergne U1071 USC-INRA 2018, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thévenot
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.|Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, M2iSH, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte UMR INSERM / Université d'Auvergne U1071 USC-INRA 2018, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordonnier
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, M2iSH, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte UMR INSERM / Université d'Auvergne U1071 USC-INRA 2018, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rougeron
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Le Goff
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, M2iSH, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte UMR INSERM / Université d'Auvergne U1071 USC-INRA 2018, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: H T T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alric
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, M2iSH, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte UMR INSERM / Université d'Auvergne U1071 USC-INRA 2018, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.|Service de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Livrelli
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France. stephanie.blanquet@udamail.fr.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanquet-Diot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054324:Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000382:microbiology; D065129:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D022621:Shiga Toxin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D022621:Shiga Toxin
keywords: Colonic in vitro model; Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC); Gut microbiota; Mice ileal loops; Probiotic; Saccharomyces cerevisiae