title: A nationwide assessment of outcomes after bile duct reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bile duct reconstruction (BDR) is used to manage benign and malignant neoplasms, congenital anomalies, bile duct injuries and other non-malignant diseases. BDR outcomes overall, by year, and by indication were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of Nationwide Inpatient Sample discharges (2004-2011) including ICD-9 codes for BDR. All statistical testing was performed using survey weighting. Univariate analysis of admission characteristics by chi square testing. Multivariate modelling for inpatient complications and inpatient death by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Identified 67 160 weighted patient admissions: 2.5% congenital anomaly, 37.4% malignant neoplasm, 2.3% benign neoplasm, 9.9% biliary injury, 47.9% other non-malignant disease. Most BDRs were performed in teaching hospitals (69.6%) but only 25% at centres with a BDR volume more than 35/year. 32.3% involved ≥ 1 complication, and 84.7% were discharges home. There was a 4.2% inpatient death rate. The complication rate increased but the inpatient death rate decreased over time. The rates of acute renal failure increased. Significant multivariate predictors of inpatient death include indication of biliary injury or malignancy, and predictors of any complication include public insurance and non-elective admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first national description of BDRs using a large database. In this diverse sampling, both procedure indication and patient characteristics influence morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mariam F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Eskander
authors.affiliation: Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsay A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.affiliation: Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Osman K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Yousafzai
authors.affiliation: Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Susanna W L
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: de Geus
authors.affiliation: Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Sing Chau
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Callery
authors.affiliation: Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Tara S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.affiliation: Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: A James
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.affiliation: Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khwaja
authors.affiliation: Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States