title: Nonmulberry Silk Fibroin Scaffold Shows Superior Osteoconductivity Than Mulberry Silk Fibroin in Calvarial Bone Regeneration.
abstract: Recent years have witnessed the advancement of silk biomaterials in bone tissue engineering, although clinical application of the same is still in its infancy. In this study, the potential of pure nonmulberry Antheraea mylitta (Am) fibroin scaffold, without preloading with bone precursor cells, to repair calvarial bone defect in a rat model is explored and compared with its mulberry counterpart Bombyx mori (Bm) silk fibroin. After 3 months of implantation, Am scaffold culminates in a completely ossified regeneration with a progressive increase in mineralization at the implanted site. On the other hand, the Bm scaffold fails to repair the damaged bone, presumably due to its low osteoconductivity and early degradation. The deposition of bone matrix on scaffolds is evaluated by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. These results are corroborated by in vitro studies of enzymatic degradation, colony formation, and secondary conformational features of the scaffold materials. The greater biocompatibility and mineralization in pure nonmulberry fibroin scaffolds warrants the use of these scaffolds as an "ideal bone graft" biomaterial for effective repair of critical size defects.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
authors.forename: Neety
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baligar
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Midha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India.
authors.forename: Banani
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
authors.forename: Maumita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
authors.forename: Snehasish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
authors.forename: Souhrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Biozentrum and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maushart
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
authors.forename: Sanskrita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Biozentrum and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loparic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India.
authors.forename: Subhas C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
authors.forename: Sourabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
authors.forename: Asok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005349:Fibroins / Q000737:chemistry*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D031625:Morus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009036:Moths / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D005349:Fibroins
keywords: biodegradation; bone graft materials; bone regeneration; calvarial bone defect; mulberry silk; nonmulberry silk