title: Elicitation of secondary metabolism in actinomycetes.
abstract: Genomic sequence data have revealed the presence of a large fraction of putatively silent biosynthetic gene clusters in the genomes of actinomycetes that encode for secondary metabolites, which are not detected under standard fermentation conditions. This review focuses on the effects of biological (co-cultivation), chemical, as well as molecular elicitation on secondary metabolism in actinomycetes. Our review covers the literature until June 2014 and exemplifies the diversity of natural products that have been recovered by such approaches from the phylum Actinobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt. Electronic address: usama.ramadan@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Usama Ramadan
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Abdelmohsen
authors.affiliation: Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Srikkanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed Salah
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.affiliation: Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hentschel
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005810:Multigene Family; D064210:Secondary Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products
keywords: Actinomycetes; Biological activities; Co-cultivation; Elicitation; Natural products; Silent gene clusters