title: The economic burden of cancer in the UK: a study of survivors treated with curative intent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aim to describe the economic burden of UK cancer survivorship for breast, colorectal and prostate cancer patients treated with curative intent, 1 year post-diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient-level data were collected over a 3-month period 12-15 months post-diagnosis to estimate the monthly societal costs incurred by cancer survivors. Self-reported resource utilisation data were obtained via the electronic Patient-reported Outcomes from Cancer Survivors system and included community-based health and social care, medications, travel costs and informal care. Hospital costs were retrieved through data linkage. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine cost predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 298 patients were included in the analysis, including 136 breast cancer, 83 colorectal cancer and 79 prostate cancer patients. The average monthly societal cost was $ US 409 (95%CI: $ US 316-$ US 502) [mean: £ 260, 95%CI: £ 198-£ 322] and was incurred by 92% of patients. This was divided into costs to the National Health Service (mean: $ US 279, 95%CI: $ US 207-$ US 351) [mean: £ 177, 95%CI: £ 131-£ 224], patients' out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses (mean: $ US 40, 95%CI: $ US 15-$ US 65) [mean: £ 25, 95%CI: £ 9-£ 42] and the cost of informal care (mean: $ US 110, 95%CI: $ US 57-$ US 162) [mean: £ 70, 95%CI: £ 38-£ 102]. The distribution of costs was skewed with a small number of patients incurring very high costs. Multivariate analyses showed higher societal costs for breast cancer patients. Significant predictors of OOP costs included age and socioeconomic deprivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found the economic burden of cancer survivorship is unevenly distributed in the population and that cancer survivors may still incur substantial costs over 1 year post-diagnosis. In addition, this study illustrates the feasibility of using an innovative online data collection platform to collect patient-reported resource utilisation information.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Health Economics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Health Economics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.|Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Health Economics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Health Economics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Claire T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hulme
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Velikova
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult