title: Principles of Natural Photosynthesis.
abstract: Nature relies on a unique and intricate biochemical setup to achieve sunlight-driven water splitting. Combined experimental and computational efforts have produced significant insights into the structural and functional principles governing the operation of the water-oxidizing enzyme Photosystem II in general, and of the oxygen-evolving manganese-calcium cluster at its active site in particular. Here we review the most important aspects of biological water oxidation, emphasizing current knowledge on the organization of the enzyme, the geometric and electronic structure of the catalyst, and the role of calcium and chloride cofactors. The combination of recent experimental work on the identification of possible substrate sites with computational modeling have considerably limited the possible mechanistic pathways for the critical O-O bond formation step. Taken together, the key features and principles of natural photosynthesis may serve as inspiration for the design, development, and implementation of artificial systems.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krewald
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Retegan
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. dimitrios.pantazis@cec.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Dimitrios A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pantazis
mesh_terms: D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010788:Photosynthesis; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Manganese; Oxygen-evolving complex; Photosystem II; Water oxidation