title: Effects of ultrahigh pressure extraction on yield and antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside extracted from flower buds of Lonicera japonica.
abstract: The present study was designed to establish and optimize a new method for extracting chlorogenic acid and cynaroside from Lonicera japonica Thunb. through orthogonal experimental designl. A new ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) technology was applied to extract chlorogenic acid and cynaroside from L. japonica. The influential factors, including solvent type, ethanol concentration, extraction pressure, time, and temperature, and the solid/liquid ratio, have been studied to optimize the extraction process. The optimal conditions for the UPE were developed by quantitative analysis of the extraction products by HPLC-DAD in comparison with standard samples. In addition, the microstructures of the medicinal materials before and after extraction were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the extraction efficiency of different extraction methods and the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the extracts were investigated. The optimal conditions for extracting chlorogenic acid and cynaroside were as follows: ethanol concentration, 60%; extraction pressure, 400 MPa; extraction time, 2 min; extraction temperature, 30 °C; and the solid/liquid ratio, 1 : 50. Under these conditions, the yields of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside were raised to 4.863% and 0.080%, respectively. Compared with other extraction methods, such as heat reflux extraction (HRE), ultrasonic extraction (UE), and Sohxlet extraction (SE), the UPE method showed several advantages, including higher extraction yield, shorter extraction time, lower energy consumption, and higher purity of the extracts. This study could help better utilize L. japonica flower buds as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical industries.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Guiding Long Da Honeysuckle Technology Co. Ltd., Guiding 551300, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Li
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China. Electronic address: heranli@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: He-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D031239:Lonicera / Q000737:chemistry*; D047311:Luteolin / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011312:Pressure
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C066408:luteolin-7-glucoside; D047311:Luteolin
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Chlorogenic acid; Cynaroside; Lonicera japonica Thunb.; Ultrahigh pressure extraction