title: New clues to the evolutionary history of the main European paternal lineage M269: dissection of the Y-SNP S116 in Atlantic Europe and Iberia.
abstract: The dissection of S116 in more than 1500 individuals from Atlantic Europe and the Iberian Peninsula has provided important clues about the controversial evolutionary history of M269. First, the results do not point to an origin of M269 in the Franco-Cantabrian refuge, owing to the lack of sublineage diversity within M269, which supports the new theories proposing its origin in Eastern Europe. Second, S116 shows frequency peaks and spatial distribution that differ from those previously proposed, indicating an origin farther west, and it also shows a high frequency in the Atlantic coastline. Third, an outstanding frequency of the DF27 sublineage has been found in Iberia, with a restricted distribution pattern inside this peninsula and a frequency maximum in the area of the Franco-Cantabrian refuge. This entire panorama indicates an old arrival of M269 into Western Europe, because it has generated at least two episodes of expansion in the Franco-Cantabrian area. This study demonstrates the importance of continuing the dissection of the M269 lineage in different European populations because the discovery and study of new sublineages can adjust or even completely revise the theories about European peopling, as has been the case for the place of origin of M269.
authors.affiliation: BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.affiliation: BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Illescas
authors.affiliation: BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Villaescusa
authors.affiliation: BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gotor
authors.affiliation: BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Ainara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Progenika Biopharma SA (a Grifols company), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.|Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Algorta
authors.affiliation: Progenika Biopharma SA (a Grifols company), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Catarino
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR1078, Génétique, Génomique fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rouault
authors.affiliation: Inserm UMR1078, Génétique, Génomique fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Férec
authors.affiliation: National Neuroscience Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Orla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hardiman
authors.affiliation: Forensic and Legal Medicine Area, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarrabeitia
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine Division, Department of Pathology and Surgery, University Miguel Hernandez Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Forensic Genetics Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria Fátima
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics and Genetic Identification, Department of Pharmacology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Begoña M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Jarreta
authors.affiliation: Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.affiliation: Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morling
authors.affiliation: BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Marian M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: de Pancorbo
mesh_terms: D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*