title: The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) protects cells against cold-shock-induced apoptosis by maintaining phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT).
abstract: The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) blocks apoptosis and inhibits caspase-3 activation. We previously showed that serum starvation (removal of serum from tissue culture media), which takes several days to induce apoptosis, results in decreased levels of both AKT (protein kinase B) and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) in cells not expressing LAT. In contrast in mouse neuroblastoma cells expressing LAT, AKT, and pAKT levels remained high. AKT is a serine/threonine protein kinase that promotes cell survival. To examine the effect of LAT on AKT-pAKT using a different and more rapid method of inducing apoptosis, a stable cell line expressing LAT was compared to non-LAT expressing cells as soon as 15 min following recovery from cold-shock-induced apoptosis. Expression of LAT appeared to inhibit dephosphorylation of pAKT. This protection correlated with blocking numerous pro-apoptotic events that are inhibited by pAKT. These results support the hypothesis that inhibiting dephosphorylation of pAKT may be one of the pathways by which LAT protects cells against apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Virology Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: Virology Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Chinhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hsiang
authors.affiliation: Virology Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Xianzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Virology Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: Virology Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.|Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.|Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, CA, 92868-32013, USA.|Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Lbachir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: BenMohamed
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA.
authors.forename: Clinton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Virology Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. Wechsler@uci.edu.|Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. Wechsler@uci.edu.|Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. Wechsler@uci.edu.|Ophthalmology Research, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Hewitt Hall (Building 843), Room 2012, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. Wechsler@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wechsler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000821:virology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000502:physiology; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; C477253:latency associated transcript, herpes simplex virus-1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: AKT; Cold-shock-induced apoptosis; Herpes simplex virus type 1; Latency-associated transcript