title: Feed Fermentation with Reuteran- and Levan-Producing Lactobacillus reuteri Reduces Colonization of Weanling Pigs by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
abstract: This study determined the effect of feed fermentation with Lactobacillus reuteri on growth performance and the abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in weanling piglets. L. reuteri strains produce reuteran or levan, exopolysaccharides that inhibit ETEC adhesion to the mucosa, and feed fermentation was conducted under conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation and under conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Diets were chosen to assess the impact of organic acids and the impact of viable L. reuteri bacteria. Fecal samples were taken throughout 3 weeks of feeding; at the end of the 21-day feeding period, animals were euthanized to sample the gut digesta. The feed intake was reduced in pigs fed diets containing exopolysaccharides; however, feed efficiencies did not differ among the diets. Quantification of L. reuteri by quantitative PCR (qPCR) detected the two strains used for feed fermentation throughout the intestinal tract. Quantification of E. coli and ETEC virulence factors by qPCR demonstrated that fermented diets containing reuteran significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the copy numbers of genes for E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin in feces compared to those achieved with the control diet. Any fermented feed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the abundance of E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin in colonic digesta at 21 days; reuteran-containing diets reduced the copy numbers of the genes for E. coli and the heat-stable enterotoxin below the detection limit in samples from the ileum, the cecum, and the colon. In conclusion, feed fermentation with L. reuteri reduced the level of colonization of weaning piglets with ETEC, and feed fermentation supplied concentrations of reuteran that may specifically contribute to the effect on ETEC.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galle
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Minh Hong Anh
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruurd T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China mgaenzle@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-928X
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gänzle
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005285:Fermentation; D005630:Fructans / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D052200:Limosilactobacillus reuteri / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D005630:Fructans; C072599:levan