title: Antitumor and Adjuvant Activity of λ-carrageenan by Stimulating Immune Response in Cancer Immunotherapy.
abstract: λ-Carrageenan is a seaweed polysaccharide which has been generally used as proinflammatory agent in the basic research, however, how the immunomodulating activity of λ-carrageenan affects tumor microenvironment remains unknown. In this study, we found that intratumoral injection of λ-carrageenan could inhibit tumor growth in B16-F10 and 4T1 bearing mice and enhance tumor immune response by increasing the number of tumor-infiltrating M1 macrophages, DCs and more activated CD4(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes in spleen. In addition, λ-carrageenan could enhance the secretion of IL17A in spleen and significantly increase the level of TNF-α in tumor, most of which was secreted by infiltrating macrophages. Moreover, λ-carrageenan exhibited an efficient adjuvant effect in OVA-based preventative and therapeutic vaccine for cancer treatment, which significantly enhanced the production of anti-OVA antibody. The toxicity analysis suggested that λ-carrageenan was with a good safety profile. Thus, λ-carrageenan might be used both as a potent antitumor agent and an efficient adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of medical oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Xia-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Bi-Lan
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yao
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Ting-Hong
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007167:Immunotherapy; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D020381:Interleukin-17; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002351:Carrageenan; D010047:Ovalbumin