title: Genetic markers and biochemical evaluation in the winter triticale identification and breeding.
abstract: Winter hexaploid triticale lines and cultivars were identified by protein (storage and enzyme) and DNA markers. The locus of B-Amy-2 and Adh-1 were characterized by two alleles, Mdh-1 by 3 alleles, B-Amy-1 and Mdh-2 by 4 alleles and the locus controlling cathodic peroxidase isozymes, a-amylase and esterase by 6, 9 and 12 alleles, respectively. Intra-and intervarietal variation, for the enzyme coding loci, gliadin and glutenine were found. According to the isoenzyme analysis and the grain quality lines 28 and 49 (softness, high amylose content: 28.9-25.6, protein: 11,6- 11,2% and albumin 50-43%) could be marked as genotypes suitable for brewing and were characterized by allele b-Amy-1-b. Genotypes 1420 and 1434 are good for bread making with a hardness index between 52 and 62 and a W value (alveograph) of 110- 120. Allele a-Amy-b is positively correlated with amylose content (r = 0.601) and negatively with protein content (r - 0.490), the correlation of the presence of allele 1-Amy-1-b and amylose content is r- 0.549. Three breeding lines had 40% amylose content in grain and flour. Furthermore, the presence of allele Mdh-1 was associated with a high content of glutenin (r = 0.568), and controlled by genes localized in a single linkage group. Also statistically significant correlations for Mdh-1 -a and Prx-D containing albumin to total protein (%) could observed. It was illustrated that the peroxidase activity and free proline content can be used as resistance markers to abiotic factors.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Abugalieva
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Turuspekov
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Abugalieva
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Savin
mesh_terms: D001947:Breeding; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005819:Genetic Markers; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D010940:Plant Proteins