title: Use of Photodynamic Therapy and Sterile Water to Target Adipose Tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neither photodynamic therapy (PDT) nor sterile water has not been well studied for the treatment of adipose tissue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This investigation studied 2 different modalities, verteporfin PDT and sterile water, on adipose tissue compared with control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four light-skinned pigs were used. Test sites received verteporfin PDT or sterile water injection. Control sites received injection of verteporfin without PDT, normal saline injection, no intervention, exposure to laser only, or insertion of a needle or cannula only. Sites were evaluated clinically, by ultrasound, and with histology 4 to 6 weeks after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a decrease in adipose tissue by ultrasound after verteporfin PDT (15%, p < .001) and sterile water (2%, p = .23). Verteporfin without PDT showed a decrease in adipose tissue (17%, p = .21). All other control sites showed an increase in adipose tissue. Histologically, verteporfin PDT and sterile water showed moderate damage (median Grade 2, p < .001) 4 to 6 weeks after intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Verteporfin decreased adipose tissue after treatment. Sterile water injection had a statistically significant effect on adipose tissue histologically but did not substantially decrease the adipose tissue by ultrasound 4 to 6 weeks after intervention. Longer follow-up may be needed.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; †Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ‡Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; §Departments of Anesthesia and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ‖Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wanner
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mihm
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Farinelli
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doukas
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zurakowski
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piris
authors.forename: Mathew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Avram
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: R Rox
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000818:Animals; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D014463:Ultrasonography; D000077362:Verteporfin; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D011166:Porphyrins; D014867:Water; D000077362:Verteporfin