title: Lipid rafts regulate PCB153-induced disruption of occludin and brain endothelial barrier function through protein phosphatase 2A and matrix metalloproteinase-2.
abstract: Occludin is an essential integral transmembrane protein regulating tight junction (TJ) integrity in brain endothelial cells. Phosphorylation of occludin is associated with its localization to TJ sites and incorporation into intact TJ assembly. The present study is focused on the role of lipid rafts in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-induced disruption of occludin and endothelial barrier function. Exposure of human brain endothelial cells to 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) induced dephosphorylation of threonine residues of occludin and displacement of occludin from detergent-resistant membrane (DRM)/lipid raft fractions within 1h. Moreover, lipid rafts modulated the reduction of occludin level through activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) after 24h PCB153 treatment. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity by okadaic acid or fostriecin markedly protected against PCB153-induced displacement of occludin and increased permeability of endothelial cells. The implication of lipid rafts and PP2A signaling in these processes was further defined by co-immunoprecipitation of occludin with PP2A and caveolin-1, a marker protein of lipid rafts. Indeed, a significant MMP-2 activity was observed in lipid rafts and was increased by exposure to PCB153. The pretreatment of MMP-2 inhibitors protected against PCB153-induced loss of occludin and disruption of lipid raft structure prevented the increase of endothelial permeability. Overall, these results indicate that lipid raft-associated processes, such as PP2A and MMP-2 activation, participate in PCB153-induced disruption of occludin function in brain endothelial barrier. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to brain endothelial barrier dysfunction in response to exposure to environmental pollutants, such as ortho-substituted PCBs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Electronic address: seum@miami.edu.
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Eum
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Dima
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jaraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Ibolya E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: András
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toborek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D062793:Occludin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; C568985:OCLN protein, human; D062793:Occludin; C568986:Ocln protein, mouse; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C522362:Mmp2 protein, mouse; C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
keywords: 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-Hexachlorobiphenyl; Brain endothelium; Lipid rafts; Matrix metalloproteinase-2; Occludin; Protein phosphatase 2A