title: Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia.
abstract: Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia (CNL) is a rare type of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterised by sustained leucocytosis (≥25×10(9)/L) with neoplastic proliferation of neutrophilic granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. In contrast to chronic myeloid leukaemia, the disease primarily involves neutrophilic lineage with persistent proliferation of mature forms of neutrophils. No consistent cytogenetic changes have been reported. Known recurrent genetic changes in other MPNs such as JAK2, MPL, CALR, BCR-ABL1, PDGFRA, PDGFRB and FGFR1 are mostly absent. Recently, mutations in colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) have been reported in high frequency in CNL. This discovery has provided more insight into its pathogenesis and opened up possible treatment options. In this article, we review the clinical findings, morphology, pathobiology and differential diagnosis of CNL and treatment implications of CSF3R mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Guldeep
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uppal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jerald
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015467:Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
keywords: HAEMATO-ONCOLOGY; HEMATOPATHOLOGY; MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE