title: Strategic role of selected noble metal nanoparticles in medicine.
abstract: Noble metals and their compounds have been used as therapeutic agents from the ancient time in medicine for the treatment of various infections. Recently, much progress has been made in the field of nanobiotechnology towards the development of different kinds of nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. Among the metal nanoparticles, noble metal nanoparticles have demonstrated potential biomedical applications. Due to the small size, nanoparticles can easily interact with biomolecules both at surface and inside cells, yielding better signals and target specificity for diagnostics and therapeutics. Noble metal nanoparticles inspired the researchers due to their remarkable role in detection and treatment of dreadful diseases. In this review, we have attempted to focus on the biomedical applications of noble metal nanoparticles particularly, silver, gold, and platinum in diagnosis and treatment of dreaded diseases such as cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), and Parkinson disease. In addition, the role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) such as novel antimicrobials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) such as efficient drug carrier, uses of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) in bone allograft, dentistry, etc. have been critically reviewed. Moreover, the toxicity due to the use of metal nanoparticles and some unsolved challenges in the field have been discussed with their possible solutions.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mahendra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Avinash P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ingle
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Birla
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Alka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Alves Dos
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004358:Drug Therapy; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008511:Medicine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012834:Silver; D010984:Platinum; D006046:Gold
keywords: Cancer; HIV; diagnosis; nanoparticles; noble metals; sensors; treatment; tuberculosis