title: Staphylococcal enterotoxin A regulates bone marrow granulocyte trafficking during pulmonary inflammatory disease in mice.
abstract: Pulmonary neutrophil infiltration produced by Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) airway exposure is accompanied by marked granulocyte accumulation in bone marrow (BM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of BM cell accumulation, and trafficking to circulating blood and lung tissue after SEA airway exposure. Male BALB/C mice were intranasally exposed to SEA (1μg), and at 4, 12 and 24h thereafter, BM, circulating blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue were collected. Adhesion of BM granulocytes and flow cytometry for MAC-1, LFA1-α and VLA-4 and cytokine and/or chemokine levels were assayed after SEA-airway exposure. Prior exposure to SEA promoted a marked PMN influx to BAL and lung tissue, which was accompanied by increased counts of immature and/or mature neutrophils and eosinophils in BM, along with blood neutrophilia. Airway exposure to SEA enhanced BM neutrophil MAC-1 expression, and adhesion to VCAM-1 and/or ICAM-1-coated plates. Elevated levels of GM-CSF, G-CSF, INF-γ, TNF-α, KC/CXCL-1 and SDF-1α were detected in BM after SEA exposure. SEA exposure increased production of eosinopoietic cytokines (eotaxin and IL-5) and BM eosinophil VLA-4 expression, but it failed to affect eosinophil adhesion to VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. In conclusion, BM neutrophil accumulation after SEA exposure takes place by integrated action of cytokines and/or chemokines, enhancing the adhesive responses of BM neutrophils and its trafficking to lung tissues, leading to acute lung injury. BM eosinophil accumulation in SEA-induced acute lung injury may occur via increased eosinopoietic cytokines and VLA-4 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: V O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Gushiken
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pinheiro-Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Roncalho-Buck
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Squebola-Cola
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Anhê
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ivanidesouza@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: DeSouza
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004768:Enterotoxins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal
keywords: Cell trafficking; ICAM-1; MAC-1; SDF-1α; VCAM-1; VLA-4