title: An easy-to-use excimer fluorescence derivatization reagent, 2-chloro-4-methoxy-6-(4-(pyren-4-yl)butoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, for use in the highly sensitive and selective liquid chromatography analysis of histamine in Japanese soy sauces.
abstract: In this study, a novel pre-column excimer fluorescence derivatization reagent, 2-chloro-4-methoxy-6-(4-(pyren-4-yl)butoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (CMPT), was developed for polyamines, specifically histamine. By CMPT derivatization, the polyamines, histamine and tyramine were converted to polypyrene derivatives, and emitted intra-molecular excimer fluorescence at 475nm. This could clearly be distinguished from the normal fluorescence emitted from reagent blanks at 375 nm. Unlike conventional excimer fluorescence derivatization reagents, CMPT is chemically stable and its reactivity sustained over at least 36 days even in solution state. We successfully applied this reagent to the sensitive and selective analysis of histamine in different kinds of Japanese commercial soy sauces. The detection and quantification limits of histamine were 15 and 50 μg L(-1), respectively, equating to 1.35 pmol and 4.5 pmol for a 6 μL injection. This sensitivity helped the direct analysis of soy sauce samples only treated by one-step liquid-liquid extraction without concentration. The histamine levels of commercial soy sauce samples (koikuchi, usukuchi and saishikomi) investigated were 1.24-768.5 mg L(-1).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Todoroki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiemi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Amphur Maung, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Arpaporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palee
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun Zhe
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Shizuoka Kensan Shoyu K. K., 80-1 Takashinden, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0204, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan. Electronic address: toyooka@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyo'oka
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006632:Histamine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007564:Japan; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D011073:Polyamines / Q000032:analysis; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014227:Triazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011073:Polyamines; D014227:Triazines; D006632:Histamine
keywords: Excimer fluorescence derivatization; Histamine; Liquid chromatography; Soy sauce; Tyramine