title: Towards a differentiated capitation system: relation between patient characteristics, contacts and costs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new payment system could curb primary health care costs. A differentiated capitation system based on patient characteristics could be the best mix for payment. To test the feasibility of such a system, we examined the number of contacts between patients and general practitioners (GPs), the related costs and the relationship with age, sex and comorbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective observational study included 29304 primary care patients in the Netherlands. Age, sex and comorbidity were related to number of contacts per patients per year and costs using a negative binomial regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Males, younger patients and patients with no comorbidities visit their GP least often. Medically unexplained physical symptoms, diabetes and severe back complaints generate the most contacts; diabetes is specifically related to higher costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several patient characteristics are related to the number of contacts patients have with their GP and the consecutive remuneration. This study can be used as an input to create a differentiated capitation system.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. marijkeolthof@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marijke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olthof
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Feikje
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Groenhof
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marjolein Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002204:Capitation Fee; D015897:Comorbidity; D003363:Cost Control; D005260:Female; D006792:House Calls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D009819:Office Visits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D060926:Remuneration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Capitation; comorbidity; costs and cost analysis; economics; primary health care; remuneration.