title: Sleep Facilitates Memory by Blocking Dopamine Neuron-Mediated Forgetting.
abstract: Early studies from psychology suggest that sleep facilitates memory retention by stopping ongoing retroactive interference caused by mental activity or external sensory stimuli. Neuroscience research with animal models, on the other hand, suggests that sleep facilitates retention by enhancing memory consolidation. Recently, in Drosophila, the ongoing activity of specific dopamine neurons was shown to regulate the forgetting of olfactory memories. Here, we show this ongoing dopaminergic activity is modulated with behavioral state, increasing robustly with locomotor activity and decreasing with rest. Increasing sleep-drive, with either the sleep-promoting agent Gaboxadol or by genetic stimulation of the neural circuit for sleep, decreases ongoing dopaminergic activity, while enhancing memory retention. Conversely, increasing arousal stimulates ongoing dopaminergic activity and accelerates dopaminergic-based forgetting. Therefore, forgetting is regulated by the behavioral state modulation of dopaminergic-based plasticity. Our findings integrate psychological and neuroscience research on sleep and forgetting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cervantes-Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
authors.forename: Molee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Electronic address: rdavis@scripps.edu.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007858:Learning; D008568:Memory; D023421:Models, Animal; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018755:GABA Agonists; D007555:Isoxazoles; C015542:gaboxadol; D004298:Dopamine