title: Up-regulation of DRP-3 long isoform during the induction of neural progenitor cells by glutamate treatment in the ex vivo rat retina.
abstract: Glutamate has been shown to induce neural progenitor cells in the adult vertebrate retina. However, protein dynamics during progenitor cell induction by glutamate are not fully understood. To identify specific proteins involved in the process, we employed two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics on glutamate untreated and treated retinal ex vivo sections. Rat retinal tissues were incubated with 1 mM glutamate for 1 h, followed by incubation in glutamate-free media for a total of 24 h. Consistent with prior reports, it was found that mitotic cells appeared in the outer nuclear layer without any histological damage. Immunohistological evaluations and immunoblotting confirmed the emergence of neuronal progenitor cells in the mature retina treated with glutamate. Proteomic analysis revealed the up-regulation of dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3 (DRP-3), DRP-2 and stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) during neural progenitor cell induction by glutamate. Moreover, mRNA expression of DRP-3, especially, its long isoform, robustly increased in the treated retina compared to that in the untreated retina. These results may indicate that glutamate induces neural progenitor cells in the mature rat retina by up-regulating the proteins which mediate cell mitosis and neurite growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan. Electronic address: r502um@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuramitsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Baron
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Byron
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Norie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Koh-Hei
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C449760:Dpysl3 protein, rat; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018698:Glutamic Acid
keywords: Mass spectrometry; Neuritogenesis; Neurogenesis; Organotypic; Regeneration