title: Cyclosporin A in Membrane Lipids Environment: Implications for Antimalarial Activity of the Drug--The Langmuir Monolayer Studies.
abstract: Cyclosporin A (CsA), a hydrophobic cyclic peptide produced by the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum, is well known for its high efficiency as an immunosuppressor for transplanted organs and anti-inflammatory properties; however, it is also active as antiparasitic (antimalarial) drug. Antimalarial mechanism of CsA action lacks a detailed understanding at molecular level. Due to a high lipophilicity of CsA, it is able to interact with lipids of cellular membrane; however, molecular targets of this drug are still unknown. To get a deeper insight into the mode of antimalarial activity of CsA, it is of utmost importance to examine its interactions with membrane components. To reach this goal, the Langmuir monolayer technique, which serves as a very useful, easy to handle and controllable model of biomembranes, has been employed. In this work, the interactions between CsA and main membrane lipids, i.e., cholesterol (Chol), 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-3-phosphocholine (POPC), and sphingomyelin (SM), have been investigated. Attractive interactions are observed only for CsA mixtures with SM, while repulsive forces occur in systems containing remaining membrane lipids. Taking into consideration mutual interactions between membrane lipids (Chol-SM; Chol-POPC and SM-POPC), the behavior of CsA in model erythrocyte membrane of normal and infected cells has been analyzed. Our results prove strong affinity of CsA to SM in membrane environment. Since normal and parasitized erythrocytes differ significantly in the level of SM, this phospholipid may be considered as a molecular target for antimalarial activity of CsA.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland. ucdynaro@cyf-kr.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dynarowicz-Łątka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wnętrzak
authors.affiliation: Department of General Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makyła-Juzak
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D016572:Cyclosporine; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cyclosporin A; Interactions; Langmuir monolayers; Membrane lipids; Model of normal and parasitized erythrocyte membrane