title: Differential CO2 effect on primary carbon metabolism of flag leaves in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.).
abstract: C sink/source balance and N assimilation have been identified as target processes conditioning crop responsiveness to elevated CO2 . However, little is known about phenology-driven modifications of C and N primary metabolism at elevated CO2 in cereals such as wheat. Here, we examined the differential effect of elevated CO2 at two development stages (onset of flowering, onset of grain filling) in durum wheat (Triticum durum, var. Sula) using physiological measurements (photosynthesis, isotopes), metabolomics, proteomics and (15) N labelling. Our results show that growth at elevated CO2 was accompanied by photosynthetic acclimation through a lower internal (mesophyll) conductance but no significant effect on Rubisco content, maximal carboxylation or electron transfer. Growth at elevated CO2 altered photosynthate export and tended to accelerate leaf N remobilization, which was visible for several proteins and amino acids, as well as lysine degradation metabolism. However, grain biomass produced at elevated CO2 was larger and less N rich, suggesting that nitrogen use efficiency rather than photosynthesis is an important target for improvement, even in good CO2 -responsive cultivars.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, 48940, Spain.
authors.forename: Iker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aranjuelo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Gorka
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erice
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanz-Sáez
authors.affiliation: Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abadie
authors.affiliation: Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gilard
authors.affiliation: Dpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona, 31006, Spain.
authors.forename: Erena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gil-Quintana
authors.affiliation: Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS, INRA, UMR INRA/UCBN, Institut de Biologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, 14032, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Avice
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Christiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staudinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wienkoop
authors.affiliation: Dpto de Biología Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Araus
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale (PCV), CEA, iRTSV, Grenoble, 38054, France.|Réponse de la plante aux stress environnementaux et métaux lourds, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, 38041, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bourguignon
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias yFarmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
authors.affiliation: Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tcherkez
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002523:Edible Grain; D004579:Electron Transport; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D055432:Metabolomics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase; D008239:Lysine; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Rubisco; carboxylation; isotope labelling; metabolomics; photosynthesis; proteomics