title: The MCP-1 Gene A-2518G Polymorphism Confers an Increased Risk of Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the correlation of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) A-2518G polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and vascular complications in T2DM, to aid in understanding its role in pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 T2DM patients and 50 healthy controls (group A) were enrolled. The T2DM patients were divided into three groups based on the absence of complications (group B) presence of microvascular disease (group C) or macrovascular disease (group D). DNA of all enrolled subjects was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for the MCP-1 A-2518G polymorphism. Serum MCP-1 levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in group D had increased serum MCP-1 levels relative to group B, group C, and group A (all p<0.01). Compared with group A, the frequencies of the MCP-1 A-2518G G/G genotype and G allele were significantly higher in group C and group D (all p<0.05). In contrast to group B, group C had higher frequencies of the G/G genotype and G allele, while group D had higher G allele frequencies (all p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that lower body-mass index (BMI) and free cholesterol (FC), as well as higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels may be the protective factors for T2DM, while higher levels of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and G/G genotype frequency were independent risk factors for T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicates a correlation between the MCP-1 A-2518G polymorphism with macrovascular complications in T2DM patients; lower BMI and FC, as well as higher HDL-C levels may be the protective factors for T2DM, while higher levels of TG, LDL-C, and G/G genotype frequency were independent risk factors for T2DM.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Yichang, The Second People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University , Yichang, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital of Wuhan , Wuhan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Yun-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Yichang, The Second People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University , Yichang, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Wei-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Yichang, The Second People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University , Yichang, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Hua-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Yichang, The Second People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University , Yichang, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Qing-Hai
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL