title: Acupuncture for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a common condition with relatively high prevalence in Australia. It causes a significant impact on sufferers' quality of life (QoL). Meta-analysis has shown that the efficacy of acupuncture for SAR is uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 12 sessions of acupuncture treatment during 4 weeks for SAR in a randomized, subject- and assessor-blinded, sham-controlled trial conducted during the pollen seasons in 2009 through 2011 in Melbourne.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed with SAR and confirmed allergic to rye grass pollen were randomly allocated to receive real acupuncture (RA) or sham acupuncture (SA) treatment. RA was delivered manually, whereas SA involved superficial needling at non-acupoints without additional stimulation. Severity of SAR symptoms was the primary outcome measurement. Secondary outcomes were QoL, global change, SAR-related medication usage, and adverse events. Analysis of covariance using pollen count as a covariate was used to analyze outcome data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 175 participants were included in this trial. RA was significantly better than SA for decreasing SAR symptom severity (sneezing, mean difference -0.28, 95% confidence interval -0.51 to -0.05; itchiness of ears and palate, mean difference -0.40, 95% confidence interval -0.69 to -0.11) at the end of treatment and improving participants' QoL at the end of the treatment and follow-up phases. Furthermore, the acupuncture treatment was safe and well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four weeks of acupuncture treatment is a safe and effective option for clinical management of SAR in the Melbourne area for patients' symptom relief and QoL improvement.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: Charlie.xue@rmit.edu.au.
authors.forename: Charlie Changli
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony Lin
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Claire Shuiqing
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Cliff
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DaCosta
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Story
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Clinical Research Unit, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Thien
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008129:Lolium / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology; D011788:Quality of Life; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult