title: Critical appraisal of salvage banding for weight loss failure after gastric bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Placement of an adjustable gastric band (AGB) over the gastric pouch after RYGB failure has had varied results. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and outcomes of AGB after RYGB failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients who underwent laparoscopic placement of an AGB around the gastric pouch as a revisional procedure for inadequate weight loss or recidivism after RYGB between 2008-2011 were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four (86%) patients had a dilated gastric pouch and/or stoma. The mean operative and adhesiolysis times were 137.9±52.3 minutes and 83±51 minutes, respectively. History of a previous open RYGB was associated with a longer adhesiolysis time (P = .03). Three (11%) major intraoperative and 5 (18%) early postoperative complications occurred. Late complications (all requiring band removal) were observed in 6 (21%) patients and included ineffectiveness (n = 2), dysphagia/esophageal dilation (n = 2), band erosion (n = 1), and peritonitis (n = 1). In all 4 patients with a normal-sized pouch and stoma at the time of band placement, the band was removed. After a mean follow-up of 38.3±14.8 months, the mean body mass index (BMI) change and median excess weight loss (EWL) after salvage banding were -3.6±4.5 kg/m(2) and 12.7%, respectively. In the subset of patients with a dilated pouch/stoma, BMI less than 42 kg/m(2) at the time of band placement was associated with a significantly higher EWL (41.4%±37.0%) compared with a baseline BMI>42 kg/m(2) (12.1%±7.2%, P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salvage banding is technically challenging due to dense adhesions, carries significant morbidity, and is associated with only 13% additional EWL. However, this approach may still be an option in carefully selected patients, such as those with previous laparoscopic RYGB who have a dilated pouch and/or stoma and lower BMI.
authors.affiliation: Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aminian
authors.affiliation: Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corcelles
authors.affiliation: Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Daigle
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Bipan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chand
authors.affiliation: Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Stacy A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brethauer
authors.affiliation: Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address: schauep@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schauer
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Bariatric; Conversion; Gastric band; Gastric bypass; Pouch; Revision; Revisional; Stoma; Weight loss