title: Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Frequently Missed Diagnosis, Part 1: A Review of Pathogenesis, Associations, and Clinical Features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide information about the etiology, diagnostic evaluations, and clinical features of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:1. Identify the prevalence, pathophysiology, and risk factors associated with HS.2. Describe diagnostic evaluations, staging, and comorbid disorders associated with HS. Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a recurrent inflammatory follicular disease that commonly affects the apocrine-bearing skin. The aim of this continuing education article is to review the pathogenesis and clinical presentations of HS. The spectrum of clinical presentations ranges from subcutaneous nodules to draining sinus and fistula. The pathogenesis of HS remains unknown.
authors.affiliation: Sheila C. Wang, PhD • Dermatology Resident PGY1 • McGill University • Montreal, Quebec, Canada Shirley C. Wang, MD • Research Coordinator • Toronto General Hospital • Toronto, Ontario, Canada R. Gary Sibbald, BSc, MD, MEd, FRCPC (Med Derm), MACP, FAAD, MAPWCA • Professor of Public Health and Medicine • University of Toronto • Toronto, Ontario, Canada • Director • International Interprofessional Wound Care Course & Masters of Science in Community Health (Prevention & Wound Care) • Dalla Lana School of Public Health • University of Toronto • Past President, World Union of Wound Healing Societies • Clinical Editor • Advances in Skin & Wound Care • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Raed Alhusayen, MD, MSc (Clin Epi), FRCPC • Assistant Professor • Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre • University of Toronto • Toronto, Ontario, Canada Morteza Bashash, PhD • Research Fellow • Dalla Lana Faculty of Public Health • University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Afsaneh Alavi, MD, MSc, FRCPC • Assistant Professor • Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Toronto • Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sheila C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shirley C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R Gary
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sibbald
authors.forename: Raed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alhusayen
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bashash
authors.forename: Afsaneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alavi
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005260:Female; D017497:Hidradenitis Suppurativa / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*