title: Biobanking multifocal breast carcinomas: sample adequacy with regard to histology and DNA content.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the volume of tumoral and normal breast tissue containing sufficient DNA (>2 μg/sample) for genetic platforms and biobanking, with a focus on multifocality, tumoral heterogeneity, and factors that critically influence sample acceptability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined 57 breast surgical specimens with multifocal (46/57) and unifocal (11/57) cancers. Punch biopsies were obtained from tissue slices under multimodal radiological guidance, and the colour-coded sampling sites were identified in large-format histology slides. The study comprised 415 DNA isolations from tumour (n = 105) and normal (n = 283) tissue, including skin (n = 27) samples. A single 2-mm core from invasive tumour contained sufficient DNA in 91.4% (96/105) of cases, depending on tumour type (3.8-108.2 μg/sample), number and size of additional foci in multifocal cases (P = 0.001), tumour consistency, and degree of necrosis. Three biopsies obtained with a 4-mm device were required from normal breast tissue, at least 10 mm from the tumour. Cold ischaemia for up to 82 min did not influence the yield of DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiological disease mapping is useful for guiding optimal specimen slicing and for targeting breast lesions. A single 2-mm core from tumour and multiple 4-mm cores from normal breast tissue yield adequate DNA in the majority of samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, Falun, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gyula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, Falun, Sweden.
authors.forename: Agnes P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lukacs
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hellberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dumanski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, Falun, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tot
mesh_terms: D018070:Biological Specimen Banks; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm
keywords: DNA quality and quantity; biobanking; breast cancer; heterogeneity; multifocality