title: Competitive binding of antagonistic peptides fine-tunes stomatal patterning.
abstract: During development, cells interpret complex and often conflicting signals to make optimal decisions. Plant stomata, the cellular interface between a plant and the atmosphere, develop according to positional cues, which include a family of secreted peptides called epidermal patterning factors (EPFs). How these signalling peptides orchestrate pattern formation at a molecular level remains unclear. Here we report in Arabidopsis that Stomagen (also called EPF-LIKE9) peptide, which promotes stomatal development, requires ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinases and interferes with the inhibition of stomatal development by the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2 (EPF2)-ER module. Both EPF2 and Stomagen directly bind to ER and its co-receptor TOO MANY MOUTHS. Stomagen peptide competitively replaced EPF2 binding to ER. Furthermore, application of EPF2, but not Stomagen, elicited rapid phosphorylation of downstream signalling components in vivo. Our findings demonstrate how a plant receptor agonist and antagonist define inhibitory and inductive cues to fine-tune tissue patterning on the plant epidermis.
authors.affiliation: 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Jin Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Marketa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hnilova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.affiliation: 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Ya-Chen Lisa
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Aarthi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Putarjunan
authors.affiliation: 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Soon-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.affiliation: 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Keiko U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Torii
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D018546:Hypocotyl / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C542689:EPF2 protein, Arabidopsis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C547254:Stomagen protein, Arabidopsis; D014157:Transcription Factors; C459090:too many mouths protein, Arabidopsis; C457763:ER protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases