title: Identifying Common Genetic Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathies.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health problem of epidemic proportions, with 60-70% of affected individuals suffering from associated neurovascular complications that act on multiple organ systems. The most common and clinically significant neuropathies of T2DM include uremic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. These conditions seriously impact an individual's quality of life and significantly increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Although advances in gene sequencing technologies have identified several genetic variants that may regulate the development and progression of T2DM, little is known about whether or not the variants are involved in disease progression and how these genetic variants are associated with diabetic neuropathy specifically. Significant missing heritability data and complex disease etiologies remain to be explained. This article is the first to provide a review of the genetic risk variants implicated in the diabetic neuropathies and to highlight potential commonalities. We thereby aim to contribute to the creation of a genetic-metabolic model that will help to elucidate the cause of diabetic neuropathies, evaluate a patient's risk profile, and ultimately facilitate preventative and targeted treatment for the individual.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Ini-Isabée
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Witzel
authors.affiliation: Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Centre for Research in Complex Systems, School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University , Albury, NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Herbert F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Jelinek
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Kinda
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khalaf
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Sungmun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates ; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC , Australia.
authors.forename: Ahsan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Khandoker
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Habiba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alsafar
keywords: cardiac autonomic neuropathy; diabetic complications; diabetic neuropathy; diabetic peripheral neuropathy; genetic factors; type 2 diabetes mellitus; uremic neuropathy