title: Bucky Tubes Induce Oxidative Stress Mediated Cell Death in Human Lung Cells.
abstract: Unique physicochemical properties of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have opened a new era for therapeutics and diagnosis (known as theranostics) of various diseases. This exponential increase in application makes them important for toxicology studies. The present study was aimed at exploring the toxic potential of one of the CNMs, that is, bucky tubes (BTs), in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell line. BTs were characterised by electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Flow cytometric study showed a concentration and time dependent increase in intracellular internalization as well as reduction in cell viability upon exposure to BTs. However, a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed as evident by increased fluorescence intensity of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF). BTs induced oxidative stress in cells as evident by depletion in glutathione with concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation with increasing concentrations. A significant increase in micronucleus formation and apoptotic cell population and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as compared to control were observed. Moreover, in the present study, BTs were found to be mild toxic and it is encouraging to conclude that BTs having outer diameter in the range of 7-12 nm and length 0.5-10 μm can be used for theranostics.
authors.affiliation: Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P. O. Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Jaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.affiliation: CSIR, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India.
authors.forename: Surinder P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: CSIR, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India.
authors.forename: Stalin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karuppiah
authors.affiliation: Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P. O. Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India ; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Alok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species