title: Adding urine and saliva toxicology to SBIRT for drug screening of new patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine illicit drug use among new patients in primary medical care who denied using "street drugs" during Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  96 new patients who denied use of "street drugs" were tested for drugs as part of routine SBIRT screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of those tested, 14.6% of those with urine specimens and 4.1% of those with saliva specimens tested positive for illicit drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug toxicology can detect unreported illicit drug use during SBIRT screening, with urine being superior to saliva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug toxicology can increase the effectiveness of SBIRT screening in primary care medical clinics.
authors.affiliation: Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magura
authors.affiliation: Cherry Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan.|Michigan State University College of Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Achtyes
authors.affiliation: Cherry Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Batts
authors.affiliation: Cherry Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.affiliation: Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan.|Cherry Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs