title: Endoscopic treatment of gastroparesis.
abstract: Gastroparesis has traditionally been a largely medically managed disease with refractory symptoms typically falling under the umbrella of the surgical domain. Surgical options include, but are not limited to, gastrostomy, jejunostomy, pyloromyotomy, or pyloroplasty, and the Food and Drug Administration approved gastric electrical stimulation implantation. Endoscopic management of gastroparesis most commonly involves intrapyloric botulinum toxin injection; however, there exists a variety of endoscopic approaches on the horizon that have the potential to radically shift standard of care. Endoscopic management of gastroparesis seeks to treat delayed gastric emptying with a less invasive approach compared to the surgical approach. This review will serve to highlight such innovative and potentially transformative, endoscopic interventions available to gastroenterologists in the management of gastroparesis.
authors.affiliation: Thomas R McCarty, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8019, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: McCarty
authors.affiliation: Thomas R McCarty, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8019, United States.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rustagi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: Botulinum; Gastric pacemaker; Gastric stimulator; Gastrojejunostomy; Pyloromyotomy; Stenting; Transpyloric