title: A high calorie diet causes memory loss, metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress into hippocampus and temporal cortex of rats.
abstract: A high calorie intake can induce the appearance of the metabolic syndrome (MS), which is a serious public health problem because it affects glucose levels and triglycerides in the blood. Recently, it has been suggested that MS can cause complications in the brain, since chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are risk factors for triggering neuronal death by inducing a state of oxidative stress and inflammatory response that affect cognitive processes. This process, however, is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the consumption of a high-calorie diet (HCD) on both neurodegeneration and spatial memory impairment in rats. Our results demonstrated that HCD (90 day consumption) induces an alteration of the main energy metabolism markers, indicating the development of MS in rats. Moreover, an impairment of spatial memory was observed. Subsequently, the brains of these animals showed activation of an inflammatory response (increase in reactive astrocytes and interleukin1-β as well as tumor necrosis factor-α) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation), causing a reduction in the number of neurons in the temporal cortex and hippocampus. Altogether, these results suggest that a HCD promotes the development of MS and contributes to the development of a neurodegenerative process and cognitive failure. In this regard, it is important to understand the relationship between MS and neuronal damage in order to prevent the onset of neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Treviño
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jose Angel
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flores Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brambila
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopez-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Arenas
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl, Mexico.
authors.forename: Julio Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morales-Medina
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP 72570, Puebla, Mexico.|Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, INNN-MVS, CP14269, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Toxqui
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biologia y Toxicologia de la Reproduccion Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP.72570, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Venegas
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D065853:Spatial Learning / Q000502:physiology; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000502:physiology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; C000594089:IL1B protein, rat; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: astrocytes; high-caloric diet; hippocampus; metabolic syndrome; neurodegeneration; reactive oxygen species