title: Diffusion kurtosis imaging of the pancreas for the assessment of HbA1c levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of diffusion kurtosis (DK) imaging of the pancreas for the assessment of hemoglobin (Hb) A1c values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our Institutional Review Board approved this prospective study and written informed consent was obtained. In all, 102 consecutive patients with suspected pancreatic disease underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including DK imaging. Patients were classified into three groups according to American Diabetes Association criteria: HbA1c < 5.7% (group 1), 5.7% ≤ HbA1c < 6.5% (group 2), and HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (group 3). Mean kurtosis (MK) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of pancreatic parenchyma were computed. MRI measurements and HbA1c values were then compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HbA1c values positively correlated with MK (r = 0.66, P < 0.0001). Group 3 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (P < 0.05) in MK than groups 1 and 2. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve of the MK for the detection of group 3 were 90%, 88%, and 0.92, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MK measurement on DK imaging of the pancreas could be a potential biomarker for assessing HbA1c level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.|Department of Radiology Services, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanematsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Kyongtae T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: diffusion kurtosis imaging; hemoglobin A1c; magnetic resonance imaging; pancreas