title: Monitoring forest carbon in a Tanzanian woodland using interferometric SAR: a novel methodology for REDD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  REDD+ implementation requires establishment of a system for measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of forest carbon changes. A challenge for MRV is the lack of satellite based methods that can track not only deforestation, but also degradation and forest growth, as well as a lack of historical data that can serve as a basis for a reference emission level. Working in a miombo woodland in Tanzania, we here aim at demonstrating a novel 3D satellite approach based on interferometric processing of radar imagery (InSAR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forest carbon changes are derived from changes in the forest canopy height obtained from InSAR, i.e. decreases represent carbon loss from logging and increases represent carbon sequestration through forest growth. We fitted a model of above-ground biomass (AGB) against InSAR height, and used this to convert height changes to biomass and carbon changes. The relationship between AGB and InSAR height was weak, as the individual plots were widely scattered around the model fit. However, we consider the approach to be unique and feasible for large-scale MRV efforts in REDD+ because the low accuracy was attributable partly to small plots and other limitations in the data set, and partly to a random pixel-to-pixel variation in trunk forms. Further processing of the InSAR data provides data on the categories of forest change. The combination of InSAR data from the Shuttle RADAR Topography Mission (SRTM) and the TanDEM-X satellite mission provided both historic baseline of change for the period 2000-2011, as well as annual change 2011-2012.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 3D data set from InSAR is a promising tool for MRV in REDD+. The temporal changes seen by InSAR data corresponded well with, but largely supplemented, the changes derived from Landsat data.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, P.O.Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solberg
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, P.O.Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Belachew
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gizachew
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Næsset
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Terje
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gobakken
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Ole Martin
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Bollandsås
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway ; Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro United Republic of Tanzania.
authors.forename: Ernest William
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Mauya
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro United Republic of Tanzania.
authors.forename: Rogers
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malimbwi
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro United Republic of Tanzania.
authors.forename: Eliakimu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zahabu
keywords: Biomass; Carbon; Forest monitoring; InSAR