title: Single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine plus morphine after knee arthroscopic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled studies.
abstract: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine plus morphine after knee arthroscopic surgery.
  
  
  
  Meta-analysis.
  
  
  
  A comprehensive literature search, using Medline (1966-2014), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase databases, was conducted to identify randomised placebo-controlled trials that used a combination of single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine and morphine for postoperative pain relief.
  
  
  
  12 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of the bupivacaine plus morphine group were significantly lower than those of the placebo group (weighted mean difference (WMD) -1.75; 95% CI -2.16 to -1.33; p<0.001). The VAS scores at the last follow-up time point (last VAS scores) of the bupivacaine plus morphine group were also significantly lower than those of the placebo group (WMD -1.46; 95% CI -1.63 to -1.29; p<0.001). The number of patients requiring supplementary analgesia was also significantly reduced (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.93; p=0.02), while there was no significant difference in the time to first analgesic request (WMD 3.46; 95% CI -1.81 to 8.72; p=0.20) or short-term side effects (RR 1.67; 95% CI 0.65 to 4.26; p=0.29).
  
  
  
  The administration of single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine plus morphine after knee arthroscopic surgery is effective for pain relief, and its short-term side effects remain similar to saline placebo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yi-lun
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Dong-xing
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Tuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Guang-hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine
keywords: ANAESTHETICS; STATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODS