title: Pharmacokinetic Properties of Single- and Multiple-Dose Pitavastatin Calcium Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pitavastatin is a newly developed 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor approved for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Pharmacokinetic properties of pitavastatin have been studied previously.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of pitavastatin in healthy Chinese volunteers after single-dose and multiple-dose administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open-label, randomized, single-dose and multiple-dose study was conducted in healthy Chinese volunteers. The study included 4 stages, each separated with a 5-day washout period. A randomized, 3-way crossover design was carried out in Stages 1 to 3 for the single-dose study. Eligible subjects were randomized to receive a single 1 mg, 2 mg, or 4 mg pitavastatin calcium tablet. Blood samples were obtained predose and up to 36 hours following dosing. In Stage 4 the subjects received a 2-mg pitavastatin calcium tablet once daily for 6 days. At the last day of multiple dosing, blood samples were collected predose and up to 48 hours following dosing. Plasma pitavastatin was quantified by a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Tolerability was assessed by the adverse events, physical examination, 12-lead ECG, and laboratory tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve volunteers (6 male and 6 female) were enrolled in the study and 11 of them completed all 4 study stages. Following a single dose of 1 mg, 2 mg, and 4 mg, the mean (SD) Tmax values were 0.63 (0.17) hours, 0.65 (0.17) hours, and 0.79 (0.36) hours, respectively; the corresponding Cmax values were 66.80 (16.32) ng/mL, 106.09 (31.59) ng/mL, and 232.91 (66.42) ng/mL, respectively. AUC0-36 values were 190.04 (38.97) ng/mL/h, 307.87 (57.94) ng/mL/h, and 785.10 (166.08) ng/mL/h, respectively, whereas t1/2 values were 10.99 (2.70) hours, 9.52 (2.58) hours, and 10.38 (4.28) hours, respectively. The AUC and Cmax showed dose proportionality after single dosing according to linear-regression analysis. In the multiple-dose study, a rapid absorption (Tmax of 0.68 [0.20] hours) and marked peak concentration of 90.99 (36.88) ng/mL were observed. AUC0-48 and AUCss were 306.28 (130.02) ng/mL/h and 256.16 (116.34) ng/mL/h, respectively. The elimination half-life after multiple dosing was significantly prolonged, which amounted to 13.31 (2.58) hours. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters between the male and female groups revealed no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy Chinese volunteers, single dosing of 1 mg, 2 mg, and 4 mg pitavastatin resulted in linear plasma pharmacokinetic properties. Compared with single dosing, multiple dosing of pitavastatin showed different distribution and elimination characteristics. Sex did not appear to affect the pharmacokinetic properties of pitavastatin. Chictr.org identifier: ChiCTR-OO-13004294.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China.
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Yunhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Jingkai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; LC-MS/MS; pharmacokinetics; pitavastatin