title: Bonded versus banded rapid palatal expander followed by facial mask therapy: analysis on digital dental casts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the dental effects produced by a bonded versus a banded expander combined with facial mask (FM) in patients with Class III malocclusion by means of digital dental casts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of patients with Class III malocclusion and maxillary transverse deficiency in the deciduous or early mixed dentition were selected. The first group consisted of 25 subjects (12 females; 13 males) with a mean age of 7.4 years (SD 1.2 years) treated with a bonded expander and FM. The second group consisted of 25 subjects (13 females; 12 males) with a mean age of 8.1 years (SD 1.3 years) treated with a banded expander and FM. For each subject of the two groups, initial (pre-treatment, T1) and final (post-treatment, T2) dental casts were taken and scanned. Maxillary digital models of T1 and T2 were superimposed on the palatal rugae in order to analyse the maxillary anchorage loss. Significant between-group differences were tested with independent sample t-test (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistical differences were found for any of the variables observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthopaedic treatment of Class III malocclusion with either a bonded or a banded expander and FM during the deciduous or early mixed dentition induced a significant expansion of the maxillary arch and a slight mesialization of the posterior anchoring teeth with no difference between the two intraoral appliance designs.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lione
authors.affiliation: **Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luis Tomas
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Huanca Ghislanzoni
authors.affiliation: ***Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Efisio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Defraia
authors.affiliation: ***Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Italy lorenzo.franchi@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.affiliation: *Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cozza
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D003765:Models, Dental; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010159:Palate / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous