title: Preliminary expression profile of cytokines in brain tissue of BALB/c mice with Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis) infection can result in increased risk of eosinophilic meningitis. Accumulation of eosinophils and inflammation can result in the A. cantonensis infection playing an important role in brain tissue injury during this pathological process. However, underlying mechanisms regarding the transcriptomic responses during brain tissue injury caused by A. cantonensis infection are yet to be elucidated. This study is aimed at identifying some genomic and transcriptomic factors influencing the accumulation of eosinophils and inflammation in the mouse brain infected with A. cantonensis.
  
  
  METHODS
  An infected mouse model was prepared based on our laboratory experimental process, and then the mouse brain RNA Libraries were constructed for deep Sequencing with Illumina Genome Analyzer. The raw data was processed with a bioinformatics' pipeline including Refseq genes expression analysis using cufflinks, annotation and classification of RNAs, lncRNA prediction as well as analysis of co-expression network. The analysis of Refseq data provides the measure of the presence and prevalence of transcripts from known and previously unknown genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study showed that Cys-Cys (CC) type chemokines such as CCL2, CCL8, CCL1, CCL24, CCL11, CCL7, CCL12 and CCL5 were elevated significantly at the late phase of infection. The up-regulation of CCL2 indicated that the worm of A. cantonensis had migrated into the mouse brain at an early infection phase. CCL2 could be induced in the brain injury during migration and CCL2 might play a major role in the neuropathic pain caused by A. cantonensis infection. The up-regulated expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 showed Th2 cell predominance in immunopathological reactions at late infection phase in response to infection by A. cantonensis. These different cytokines can modulate and inhibit each other and function as a network with the specific potential to drive brain eosinophilic inflammation. The increase of ATF-3 expression at 21 dpi suggested the injury of neuronal cells at late phase of infection. 1217 new potential lncRNA were candidates of interest for further research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cytokine networks play an important role in the development of central nervous system inflammation caused by A. cantonensis infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China. 37289986@qq.com.|Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 37289986@qq.com.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 390599908@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 306732701@qq.com.|Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 306732701@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China. 272304443@qq.com.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 835796493@qq.com.|Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 835796493@qq.com.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 842558634@qq.com.|Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 842558634@qq.com.
authors.forename: Siqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 497452921@qq.com.|Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 497452921@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Advanced Computing Research Laboratory, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 525878582@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. lvzhiyue@mail.sysu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. lvzhiyue@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiyue
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. wuzhd@mail.sysu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. wuzhd@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhongdao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D017185:Angiostrongylus cantonensis / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines