title: Possible Role of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases.
abstract: As a member of superantigens (SAgs) produced by Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a exotoxin superantigen that can regulate the activity of immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory cell types. In addition, SEB plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders either by initiating the autoimmune process or by inducing a relapse in an individual in clinical remission from an autoimmune disorder. SEB can directly activate T lymphocytes, leading to the release of cytokines, superoxides, or other mediators of inflammation either directly or indirectly, because of its unique ability to cross-link human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and T cell receptors (TCR), forming a trimolecular complex. This review discusses the potential effects of SEB in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis, and explores some updated therapeutic medications to neutralize SEB.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei, China .
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei, China .
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Information, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China .
authors.forename: Yu-wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei, China .
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei, China .
authors.forename: Ming-rui
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei, China .
authors.forename: Ji-min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000150:complications; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology*; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; D018089:Superantigens; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal