title: Innate immunity and antioxidant systems in different tissues of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to crude oil dispersed mechanically or chemically with Corexit 9500.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of chemically dispersed oil by the dispersant Corexit 9500 on innate immunity and redox defenses in a marine model fish. Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed 48h to four experimental conditions: a control group (C), a group only exposed to the dispersant (D; 3.6mg/L) and two groups exposed to 80mg/L oil mechanically or chemically dispersed (MD; CD). Alternative pathway of complement activity and lysozyme concentration was measured in plasma in order to evaluate the general fish health status. Total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed in gills, liver, brain, intestine and muscle. The chemical dispersion induced a significant reduction of lysozyme concentration when compared to the controls, and the hemolytic activity of the alternative complement pathway was increased in mechanical and chemical dispersion. The analysis of SOD, GPX and total glutathione showed that antioxidant defenses were activated in liver and reduced in intestine and brain. Dispersant was also responsible for an SOD activity inhibition in these two last tissues, demonstrating a direct effect of this dispersant on reactive oxygen species homeostasis that can be interpreted as a signal of tissue toxicity. This result should raise concern about the use of dispersants and show that they can lead to adverse effects on marine species.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire ORPHY EA4324, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue le Gorgeu, CS 93 837, 29 238 Brest Cedex 3, France; Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France. Electronic address: Matthieudussauze@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dussauze
authors.affiliation: ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Unit of Viral Pathology in Fish, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Morgane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danion
authors.affiliation: Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Floch
authors.affiliation: Total Fluides S.A, 92907 Paris la Défense, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lemaire
authors.affiliation: Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pichavant-Rafini
authors.affiliation: Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Michaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theron
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001492:Bass / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C470995:corexit 9500; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant defenses; Crude oil; Innate immunity; Oil dispersant; Sea bass