title: Neural and behavioural changes in male periadolescent mice after prolonged nicotine-MDMA treatment.
abstract: The interaction between MDMA and Nicotine affects multiple brain centres and neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, dopamine and glutamate) involved in motor coordination and cognition. In this study, we have elucidated the effect of prolonged (10 days) MDMA, Nicotine and a combined Nicotine-MDMA treatment on motor-cognitive neural functions. In addition, we have shown the correlation between the observed behavioural change and neural structural changes induced by these treatments in BALB/c mice. We observed that MDMA (2 mg/Kg body weight; subcutaneous) induced a decline in motor function, while Nicotine (2 mg/Kg body weight; subcutaneous) improved motor function in male periadolescent mice. In combined treatment, Nicotine reduced the motor function decline observed in MDMA treatment, thus no significant change in motor function for the combined treatment versus the control. Nicotine or MDMA treatment reduced memory function and altered hippocampal structure. Similarly, a combined Nicotine-MDMA treatment reduced memory function when compared with the control. Ultimately, the metabolic and structural changes in these neural systems were seen to vary for the various forms of treatment. It is noteworthy to mention that a combined treatment increased the rate of lipid peroxidation in brain tissue.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Neurotoxicity Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.|Department of Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Adeniyi
authors.affiliation: Neural Systems Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Azeez O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ishola
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Division, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Babafemi J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Laoye
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Division, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Babawale P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Olatunji
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Division, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Oluwamolakun O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Bankole
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Philemon D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Shallie
authors.affiliation: Neural Systems Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. ola.ogundele@abuad.edu.ng.|Neurobiology Division, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. ola.ogundele@abuad.edu.ng.
authors.forename: Olalekan M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ogundele
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000187:drug effects; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
keywords: Behaviour; Hippocampus; MDMA; Motor cortex; Nicotine; Striatum