title: Effect of adipose tissue volume loss on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: results from a 1-year lifestyle intervention in viscerally obese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although weight loss has been associated with changes in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, the quantification of the increase in 25(OH)D levels as a function of adipose tissue volume loss precisely assessed by imaging has not been reported before. The objective of this substudy was to describe the effects of a 1-year lifestyle intervention on plasma 25(OH)D levels. The relationships between changes in 25(OH)D levels and changes in adiposity volume (total and by adipose tissue compartment) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  This intervention study was performed between 2004 and 2006 and participants were recruited from the general community. Sedentary, abdominally obese and dyslipidemic men (n=103) were involved in a 1-year lifestyle modification program. Subjects were individually counseled by a kinesiologist and a nutritionist once every 2 weeks during the first 4 months with subsequent monthly visits in order to elicit a 500-kcal daily energy deficit and to increase physical activity/exercise habits. Body weight, body composition and fat distribution were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography, whereas the 25(OH)D levels were measured with an automated assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-year intervention resulted in a 26% increase in circulating 25(OH)D (from 48±2 nmol l(-1) or 19±0.8 ng ml(-1) (±s.e.m.) to 58±2 nmol l(-1) or 23±0.8 ng ml(-1), P<0.0001) along with a 26% decrease in visceral adiposity volume (from 1947±458 to 1459±532 cm3). One-year increases in 25(OH)D levels correlated inversely with changes in all adiposity indices, especially Δvisceral (r=-0.36, P<0.0005) and Δtotal abdominal (r=-0.37, P<0.0005) adipose tissue volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that there is a linear increase in circulating 25(OH)D levels as a function of adiposity volume loss, and therefore suggest a role of adiposity reduction in the management of obesity-associated vitamin D insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.|Lipid Research Center, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gangloff
authors.affiliation: Lipid Research Center, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.|Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pelletier-Beaumont
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.|Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nazare
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.|Endocrinology Department, University Hospital, Grenoble, France.|INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France.|University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Borel
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.|Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.|Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5395-3273
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.|Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alméras
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada.|Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011792:Quebec; D012016:Reference Values; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D