title: Effects of exercise training on HbA1c and VO2peak in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: A randomised clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few exercise trials have focused on patients with both type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. We investigated the effects of 1 year of exercise training on HbA1c and VO(2peak) in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (n = 137) were randomised to combined exercise training or control group. HbA(1c) was measured at the beginning and end of the study. Changes in VO(2peak), and also ventilatory threshold and time to exhaustion, were assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in changes between the randomised groups were observed in HbA1c and VO(2peak), whereas ventilatory threshold and time to exhaustion increased significantly in the exercise group compared with the controls (p = 0.046 and p = 0.034). In patients without previous acute myocardial infarction and diabetes microvascular complications (n = 46), the exercise group did improve HbA1c and VO(2peak) compared with the controls (p = 0.052 and p = 0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant effects of exercise training on HbA(1c) or VO(2peak) were observed in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, although improvements were seen in patients without vascular complications beyond coronary artery disease, implying that the degree of vascular disease may influence exercise responses. Ventilatory threshold and time to exhaustion did increase significantly, indicating improved exercise performance despite the minor change in VO(2peak).
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevål, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway rune.byrkjeland@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Byrkjeland
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevål, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ida U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Njerve
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Sigmund
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anderssen
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevål, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arnesen
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevål, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingebjørg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seljeflot
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevål, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solheim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D010100:Oxygen; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Type 2 diabetes; cardiovascular disease; exercise capacity; glycaemic control; peak oxygen uptake; ventilatory threshold