title: Short-term exposure to noise, fine particulate matter and nitrogen oxides on ambulatory blood pressure: A repeated-measure study.
abstract: Exposure to road traffic noise, fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) has been associated with transient changes in blood pressure, but whether an interaction exists remains unclear. This panel study investigated whether noise, PM2.5 and NOx exposure were independently associated with changes in 24-h ambulatory blood pressure. We recruited 33 males and 33 females aged 18-32 years as study subjects. Personal noise exposure and ambulatory blood pressure were monitored simultaneously in 2007. During the data collection periods, 24-h data on PM2.5 and NOx from five air-quality monitors within 6 km of participants' home addresses were used to estimate their individual exposures. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate single and combined effects on ambulatory blood pressure. Exposure to both noise and PM2.5 was significantly associated with increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) over 24h; NOx exposure was only significantly related to elevated DBP. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure increased with the current noise exposure of 5 A-weighted decibels (dBA) (SBP 1.44 [95% confidence interval: 1.16, 1.71] mmHg and DBP 1.40 [1.18, 1.61] mmHg) and PM2.5 exposure of 10-µg/m(3) (SBP 0.81 [0.19, 1.43] mmHg and DBP 0.63 [0.17, 1.10] mmHg), as well as the current NOx exposure of 10-ppb (DBP 0.54 [0.12, 0.97] mmHg) after simultaneous adjustment. These findings suggest that exposure to noise and air pollutants may independently increase ambulatory blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Te
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai-Jen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ven-Shing
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bo-Ying
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiu-Shong
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: tychang@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ta-Yuan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Blood pressure; Fine particle; Hypertension; Nitrogen oxides; Noise