title: Tissue-specific effects of acute aluminium exposure on the radiation-induced bystander effect in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if aluminium (Al) modifies the rainbow trout response to radiation exposure and/or the induction of a radiation-induced bystander effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rainbow trout were exposed to 100 or 200 μg l(-1) Al (for 3 h), a 0.5 Gy X-ray dose or Al followed immediately by irradiation. The exposed fish were then swum with completely untreated bystander fish. A human reporter cell clonogenic assay was used to determine whether Al exposure modified the effects of irradiation on the skin and gills from directly exposed fish and also the radiation-induced bystander effect in untreated fish.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Al exposure did not modify the response to direct irradiation by the skin, or the gill. Al did not modify the bystander effect in the skin. However Al did modify the bystander effect in the gill. Gills of bystander fish swum with fish exposed to 200 μg l(-1) Al, followed by irradiation, caused a greater reduction in HPV-G cell survival than was caused by irradiation only. Interestingly Al exposure only also caused a bystander effect (reduced HPV-G survival) in the gill.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that, in a multiple stressor scenario, the communication of radiation-induced stress signals is modified on a tissue-specific basis by acute Al exposure. Aside from the implications this has for radiological protection this response may also have potential for environmental monitoring where detection of the bystander effect could act as an indicator of radiation exposure when direct exposure responses are not evident.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada.|b Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Colin B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.affiliation: b Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moccia
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Carmel E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mothersill
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D000535:Aluminum
keywords: Aluminium; bystander effect; fish radiobiology; multiple stressor