title: Current nutritional recommendations and novel dietary strategies to manage sarcopenia.
abstract: Sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with aging, is associated with increased risk for several adverse health outcomes, including frailty, disability, falls, loss of independent living, and mortality. At present, no pharmacological treatment exists that is able to definitely halt the progression of sarcopenia. Likewise, no pharmacological remedies are yet available to prevent the onset of age-related muscle wasting. In this scenario, the combination of nutritional interventions and physical exercise appears to be the most effective strategy presently available for the management of sarcopenia. The purposes of this review are to summarize the current knowledge on the role of nutrition as a countermeasure for sarcopenia, illustrate the mechanisms of action of relevant dietary agents on the aging muscle, and introduce novel nutritional strategies that may help preserve muscle mass and function into old age. Issues related to the identification of the optimal timing of nutritional interventions in the context of primary and secondary prevention are also discussed. Finally, the prospect of elaborating personalized dietary and physical exercise recommendations through the implementation of integrated, high-throughput analytic approaches is illustrated.
authors.affiliation: Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Crystallography, Bari 70126, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calvani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miccheli
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bossola
authors.affiliation: Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle and INSERM Unit 1027, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31000, France.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cesari
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leeuwenburgh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, 90419, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornel C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sieber
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernabei
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marzetti
keywords: Pachinko model; aging; creatine; omics; personalized diet; protein; vitamin D