title: Physical principles of membrane remodelling during cell mechanoadaptation.
abstract: Biological processes in any physiological environment involve changes in cell shape, which must be accommodated by their physical envelope--the bilayer membrane. However, the fundamental biophysical principles by which the cell membrane allows for and responds to shape changes remain unclear. Here we show that the 3D remodelling of the membrane in response to a broad diversity of physiological perturbations can be explained by a purely mechanical process. This process is passive, local, almost instantaneous, before any active remodelling and generates different types of membrane invaginations that can repeatedly store and release large fractions of the cell membrane. We further demonstrate that the shape of those invaginations is determined by the minimum elastic and adhesive energy required to store both membrane area and liquid volume at the cell-substrate interface. Once formed, cells reabsorb the invaginations through an active process with duration of the order of minutes.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.|Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: Anita Joanna
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kosmalska
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.|Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casares
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elosegui-Artola
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bangalore 560065, India.
authors.forename: Joseph Jose
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Thottacherry
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno-Vicente
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.|Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González-Tarragó
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Del Pozo
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bangalore 560065, India.
authors.forename: Satyajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayor
authors.affiliation: LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
authors.forename: Marino
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-940X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.|Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.|Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Navajas
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.|Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.|Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Trepat
authors.affiliation: Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nils C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.|Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roca-Cusachs
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D048430:Cell Shape; D048429:Cell Size; D004548:Elasticity; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D013314:Stress, Mechanical