title: Cancer Screening of Renal Transplant Patients Undergoing Long-Term Immunosuppressive Therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With this study we aimed to research the effects of immunosuppressive drugs, their cumulative doses, and viral infections on development of malign tumors in patients who have undergone treatment for 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 100 patients who underwent renal transplantation from 2004 to 2009. Patients had mycophenolate mofetil and steroid in addition to cyclosporine, sirolimus, or tacrolimus as immunosuppressive treatment. For malignancy screening, physical examination, radiologic and endoscopic screening were done, and immunosuppressive drugs and their cumulative doses, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), dialysis history, and viral infection history were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 42.03 ± 11.30 years. There were 1 colon cancer patient, 1 retroperitoneal liposarcoma, 1 renal oncocytoma, 3 Kaposi sarcoma patients treated with cyclosporine; in those treated with Tac there were 1 basal cell carcinoma, 1 Kaposi sarcoma, 2 thyroid carcinoma, 1 breast carcinoma, 1 bladder carcinoma, 1 renal cell carcinoma, and 1 colon carcinoma patients. The mean age of patients having carcinoma was statistically significant compared with those without cancer (P < .01). The prednisolone cumulative dose was significantly higher in carcinoma patients than in patients without carcinoma (P < .01).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of long-term chronic immunosuppressive therapy may increase the development of cancer. The risk of carcinoma increases with increasing drug dose and time period of the immunosuppressive drug. There was not a negative effect on cancer prevalence in patients with cyclosporine or tacrolimus. But the cumulative dose of steroids significantly increased malignancy occurence.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: drleylaozel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ozel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gökçe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Tissue Typing Laboratory, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ata
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eriş
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Titiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000209:etiology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000209:etiology; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013256:Steroids; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus