title: Predicting disability pension - depression as hazard: a 10 year population-based cohort study in Norway.
abstract: Disability pension (DP) is an escalating challenge to individuals and the welfare state, with mental health problems as imminent hazard. The objective of the present paper was to determine if a diagnosis of depression increased the risk of subsequent DP, and whether the risk differed by gender. A population cohort of 1230 persons were diagnostically interviewed (Composite International Diagnostic Interview, CIDI) in a population study examining mental health, linked to the DP registry and followed for 10 years. The risk for DP following depression was estimated using Cox regression. Life-time depression, as well as current depression, increased the risk of subsequent DP for both genders. The fully adjusted [baseline health, health behavior and socio-economic status (SES)] hazard ratios (HRs) for life-time depressed men and women were 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-5.8] and 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.5) respectively. Men were significantly older at time of DP. There are reasons to believe that depression went under-recognized and under-treated. To augment knowledge in the field, without underestimating depression as risk for DP, a deeper understanding of the nature and effects of other distress is needed.
authors.affiliation: Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lassemo
authors.affiliation: University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.|Finnmark Hospital, Tana, Norway.
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sandanger
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Nygård
authors.affiliation: Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.|University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Sørgaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018672:Community Health Planning; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010415:Pensions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: depression; disability pension; epidemiology; gender; mental health