title: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for hepatic malignancy adjacent to the gallbladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was performed to assess the safety and efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous microwave (MW) ablation for hepatic malignancy adjacent to the gallbladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2011 to December 2013, 49 patients with 51 hepatic tumours adjacent to the gallbladder who underwent US-guided percutaneous MW ablation were included in the study group. A total of 106 patients with 117 hepatic tumours not adjacent to the gallbladder who underwent US-guided percutaneous MW ablation were included in the control group. In the study group the temperature of marginal ablation tissue proximal to the gallbladder was monitored and controlled at 45-54 °C for 5-10 min during the ablation. Ethanol (4.5-13 mL) was injected into the marginal tissue in 27 of 51 tumours of the study group. We compared the results of ablation between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were successfully treated. A total of 47 of 51 tumours in the study group (92.2%) and 110 of 117 tumours in the control group (94.0%) achieved complete ablation (p = 0.93). Local tumour progression was found in nine (17.6%) tumours in the study group and 15 (12.8%) tumours in the control group during follow-up after MW ablation (p = 0.41). No peri-procedural major complications occurred in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under strict temperature monitoring, US-guided percutaneous MW ablation assisted with ethanol injection appears to be safe and can achieve a high rate of complete ablation for the treatment of hepatic malignant tumours adjacent to the gallbladder.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Interventional Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China and.|b Department of Ultrasound , Chinese PLA 302 Hospital , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Interventional Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China and.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Interventional Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China and.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Interventional Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China and.
authors.forename: Baowei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Interventional Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China and.
authors.forename: Fangyi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D059708:Ultrasonic Surgical Procedures
keywords: Complication; gallbladder; hepatic tumour; microwave ablation; ultrasound