title: Gastrointestinal Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: Currently, gastrointestinal dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease (PD) are well-recognized problems and are known to be an initial symptom in the pathological process that eventually results in PD. Gastrointestinal symptoms may result from the involvement of either the central or enteric nervous systems, or these symptoms may be side effects of antiparkinsonian medications. Weight loss, excessive salivation, dysphagia, nausea/gastroparesis, constipation, and defecation dysfunction all may occur. Increased identification and early detection of these symptoms can result in a significant improvement in the quality of life for PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joong-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Neighborhood Christian Clinic, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Hye-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sung
keywords: Assessment; Enteric nervous system; Gastrointestinal dysfunctions; Parkinson’s disease; Pathophysiology