title: Frequency of Attainment of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goals in Cardiovascular Clinical Practice (from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry PINNACLE Registry).
abstract: Studies have found that non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is a superior marker for coronary heart disease compared to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Little is known about achievement of non-HDL-C goals outside clinical trials. Within a population of 146,064 patients with dyslipidemia in the PINNACLE Registry and a subgroup of 36,188 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), we examined the proportion of patients and patient characteristics associated with having LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and both LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels at National Cholesterol Education Program goals. LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and both LDL-C and non-HDL-C goals in the overall cohort were achieved by 73%, 73.4%, and 68.9% patients, respectively. Significant predictors of meeting all 3 goals were age, male gender, statin, nonstatin, and combined statin plus nonstatin use. Patients with co-morbidities of hypertension, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease, myocardial infarction, and smoking were less likely to have LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and both LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels at National Cholesterol Education Program goal. In the overall cohort, patients with DM were less likely to meet non-HDL-C and both LDL-C and non-HDL-C goals. In the subgroup of patients with DM, predictors of meeting lipid goals were similar to the overall cohort. In conclusion, these data suggest contemporary treatment patterns by cardiologists successfully achieve lipid goals in most patients. Younger, female patients and those with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and risk factors, such as hypertension and DM, are less likely to achieve goals and may require more careful follow-up after statin initiation. Both LDL-C and non-HDL-C goals are achieved in <70% of patients, suggesting room for improvement if a goal-targeted individualized strategy is adopted.
authors.affiliation: University of the Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: s.spinle@usciences.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Spinler
authors.affiliation: University of the Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; HealthCore, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cziraky
authors.affiliation: University of the Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; HealthCore, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware.
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Willey
authors.affiliation: St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Fengming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, University of Colorado, School of Medicine and Colorado Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (CCOR) Consortium, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Maddox
authors.affiliation: University of the Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Tyan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: University of the Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Gladys G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Dueñas
authors.affiliation: Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Salim S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Virani
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012042:Registries; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors