title: Comparison of International Reference Values for Bone Speed of Sound in Pediatric Populations: Meta-analysis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare international reference values (RV) for tibial and radial speed of sound (SoS) assessed by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in pediatric populations. These values were compared by age and country of origin in a systematic review with meta-analysis from studies published on QUS (Sunlight Omnisense). A search was carried out in electronic databases. Nine studies with 6963 patients were included in the meta-analysis. For the newborn populations, 3 studies (from Italy, Portugal, and Israel) were used. These studies included subjects with 27-42 wk gestational age. The mean difference (Portugal-Israel) was found to be 23.62 m/s [95% confidence interval [CI] 6.29, 40.95]. Additionally, no difference was found between Italy-Portugal (p = 0.69), or Italy-Israel (p = 0.28). In pediatric populations, we compared 8 studies from Canada, Mexico, Israel, Greece, Portugal, and Turkey. No significant differences found for SoS RV between Israel-Turkey, Israel-Greece, or Israel-Canada (p > 0.05). Significant differences were found in Mexico-Israel -105.29 m/s (95% CI -140.05, -70.54) (p < 0.001); Mexico-Portugal -115.14 m/s (95% CI -164.86, -65.42) (p < 0.001); Mexico-Greece: -239.14 m/s (95% CI -267.67, -210.62) (p < 0.001); Mexico-Turkey: -115.14 m/s (95% CI -164.86, -65.42) (p < 0.001); Mexico-Canada: -113.51 m/s (95% CI -140.25, -86.77) (p < 0.001).This study demonstrates that there are differences in SoS-RV obtained by tibial and radial QUS in pediatric populations between Mexico and other countries (Israel, Portugal, Greece, Turkey, and Canada).
authors.affiliation: Centro de Adiestramiento en Investigación Clínica, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional S. XXI, IMSS, México, D.F.; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rivas-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México, D.F.; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.. Electronic address: luciamendezs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Méndez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México, D.F.
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Castelán-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México, D.F.; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Comité Mexicano para la Prevención de la Osteoporosis, México, D.F.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tamayo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Adiestramiento en Investigación Clínica, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional S. XXI, IMSS, México, D.F.; Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Talavera
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huitrón
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, México; Centro de Investigación de Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmerón-Castro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012016:Reference Values; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Pediatrics; quantitative ultrasound; reference-values and meta-analysis; speed of sound