title: High prevalence of isolated nocturnal hypertension in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) has been studied among the general population and hypertensive patients. However, little insight is available on the prevalence of INH and its role in target-organ damage among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We recruited 1282 CKD patients admitted to our hospital division. Patients were divided into 4 groups: INH; isolated daytime hypertension; day-night sustained; and ambulatory normotension. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between INH and renal/cardiovascular parameters. A total of 262 (20.44%) CKD patients had isolated nocturnal hypertension and 651 (50.78%) had day-night sustained hypertension, whereas only 350 (27.30%) patients showed normotension and 19 (1.48%) had isolated daytime hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that INH was associated mainly with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, clinic diastolic blood pressure, and that INH was determined only by age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and clinic diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence of impaired renal function, left ventricular hypertrophy, and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with INH were higher than in normotensive patients (P<0.05), whereas impaired renal function and left ventricular hypertrophy in these patients were lower than patients in the day-night sustained hypertension group (P<0.05). INH was correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular mass index, and carotid intima-media thickness according to multiple linear regression analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of INH in CKD patients was high, and INH was correlated with target-organ damage in CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (C.W., W.J.D., W.Y.G., J.Z., H.T., H.P., Q.Z.Z., Z.C.Y., T.L.).
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (C.W., W.J.D., W.Y.G., J.Z., H.T., H.P., Q.Z.Z., Z.C.Y., T.L.).
authors.forename: Wen-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (C.W., W.J.D., W.Y.G., J.Z., H.T., H.P., Q.Z.Z., Z.C.Y., T.L.).
authors.forename: Wen-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (C.W., W.J.D., W.Y.G., J.Z., H.T., H.P., Q.Z.Z., Z.C.Y., T.L.).
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (C.W., W.J.D., W.Y.G., J.Z., H.T., H.P., Q.Z.Z., Z.C.Y., T.L.).
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (C.W., W.J.D., W.Y.G., J.Z., H.T., H.P., Q.Z.Z., Z.C.Y., T.L.).
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (C.W., W.J.D., W.Y.G., J.Z., H.T., H.P., Q.Z.Z., Z.C.Y., T.L.).
authors.forename: Qun-Zi
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (C.W., W.J.D., W.Y.G., J.Z., H.T., H.P., Q.Z.Z., Z.C.Y., T.L.).
authors.forename: Zeng-Chun
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (C.W., W.J.D., W.Y.G., J.Z., H.T., H.P., Q.Z.Z., Z.C.Y., T.L.).
authors.forename: Tanqi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine
keywords: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; chronic kidney disease; isolated nocturnal hypertension