title: Coculture with Low-Dose SWCNT Attenuates Bacterial Invasion and Inflammation in Human Enterocyte-like Caco-2 Cells.
abstract: Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been shown to be highly effective against a wide range of bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is a well-known mediator to prolong hospitalization and initiate chronic inflammation, yet the biological effects of SWCNTs on the pathogen-infected enterocytes remain unclear. Herein, it is shown that the low-dose SWCNT treatment attenuates the human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells from the damage of E. coli and S. aureus infection by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The relatively low-dose (1 and 10 μg mL(-1) ) SWCNT treatments reduce the adhesion and invasion of E. coli and S. aureus to Caco-2 cells, increase the cell viability and proliferation, reduce the tight junction permeability, and restitute the integrity of cell surface microvilli structure, meanwhile has low cytotoxicity to the host cells. The low-dose SWCNT treatment further reduces the NLRP3-mediated IL-1β secretion in the infected cells. The results identify that a low-dose SWCNT treatment serves a protective function for the E. coli- and S. aureus-infected Caco-2 cells by negatively regulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Hanqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
authors.forename: Ruifang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Lingna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Zhifang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.|National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Weiyue
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048430:Cell Shape; D002470:Cell Survival; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008871:Microvilli / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D058847:Inflammasomes; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; C402202:PYCARD protein, human; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D020170:Caspase 1
keywords: Caco-2 cells; NLRP3 inflammasome; SWCNT treatments; SWCNTs; bacterial infections, bacterial invasions