title: Quality of life and self-esteem in children with chronic tic disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the quality of life and self-esteem in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome (TS) and other chronic motor or vocal tic disorders in comparison with the control group. This is the first study examining the effects of quality of life and self-esteem on each other in chronic tic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 62 patients aged between 6 and 16 years who were diagnosed with chronic tic disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, 57 patients who met the study inclusion criteria constituted the study group and 57 age- and gender-matched individuals constituted the control group (Ethics committee file number: 2009/69; ethics committee meeting number: 2009/14 (11.06.2009); ethics committee decision number: 16). The Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Children's Depression Inventory, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime version were applied to the children and adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study group, all quality of life subtests were found to be lower compared to the control group both in children and adolescents except for self-reported emotional functionality and social functionality. Being below the age of 12 years and female gender were found to be predictors of low self-esteem in tic disorder. In the reports obtained from the children and adolescents, low self-esteem was related with decreased quality of life in all areas except for academic functionality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children and adolescents with tic disorder experience functional disruption with a higher rate compared to the group without a psychiatric disorder or severe medical condition. Applying holistic approaches considering other clinical psychiatric symptoms as a part of chronic tic disorder will be useful in increasing the quality of life and self-esteem of these children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selma Tural
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Hesapçıoğlu
authors.affiliation: Ortadoğu Technical University, Engineering of Industry, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tural
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kandil
keywords: Self-esteem; Tourette syndrome; child psychiatry; quality of life; tic disorders