title: Role of pharmacogenetics of drug-metabolizing enzymes in treating osteosarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) biotransform several toxins and xenobiotics in both tumor and normal cells, resulting in either their detoxification or their activation. Since DMEs also metabolize several chemotherapeutic drugs, they can significantly influence tumor response to chemotherapy and susceptibility of normal tissues to collateral toxicity of anticancer treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review discusses the pharmacogenetics of DMEs involved in the metabolism of drugs which constitute the backbone of osteosarcoma (OS) chemotherapy, highlighting what is presently known for this tumor and their possible impact on the modulation of future treatment approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Achieving further insight into pharmacogenetic markers and biological determinants related to treatment response in OS may ultimately lead to individualized treatment regimens, based on a combination of genotype and tumor characteristics of each patient.
authors.affiliation: a Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit , Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40136 Bologna, Italy +390 516 366 762 ; +390 516 366 763 ; massimo.serra@ior.it.
authors.forename: Claudia Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hattinger
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serra
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological / Q000378:metabolism; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D004798:Enzymes
keywords: collateral toxicity,; drug resistance,; drug-metabolizing enzymes; genetic polymorphisms,; osteosarcoma,; tailored therapy