title: Anti-VEGFs hinder bone healing and implant osseointegration in rat tibiae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) on bone healing (defect volume) and implant osseointegration (bone-implant contact per cent) in rat tibia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36), a unicortical defect was created in the right tibia and a titanium implant was placed in the left tibia of each rat. Rats were assigned into three groups and received either anti-vascular endothelial growth factor neutralizing antibody, Ranibizumab or saline (control). Two weeks following surgery, rats were euthanized and bone samples were retrieved. Bone healing and osseointegration were assessed using micro-CT and histomorphometry. One-way anova followed by the Tukey's test was used for data analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The volume of the bone defects in the anti-VEGF group (2.48 ± 0.33 mm(3) ) was larger (p = 0.026) than in the controls (2.11 ± 0.36 mm(3) ) as measured by μ-CT. Bone-implant contact percent in the anti-VEGF (19.9 ± 9.4%) and Ranibizumab (21.7 ± 9.2%) groups were lower (p < 0.00) than in the control group (41.8 ± 12.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that drugs that inhibit the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (i.e. anti-VEGF) may hinder bone healing and implant osseointegration in rat tibiae.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.|College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed Ebraheem
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Al Subaie
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Hazem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eimar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohamed-Nur
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feine
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Faleh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tamimi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Faculty of Dentistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emami
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000473:pathology*; D000071556:Cancellous Bone / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D023421:Models, Animal; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D015921:Dental Implants; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D000069579:Ranibizumab
keywords: Ranibizumab; VEGF; angiogenesis; anti-VEGF; bone healing; osseointegration