title: An immuno-epidemiological model for Johne's disease in cattle.
abstract: To better understand the mechanisms involved in the dynamics of Johne's disease in dairy cattle, this paper illustrates a novel way to link a within-host model for Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis with an epidemiological model. The underlying variable in the within-host model is the time since infection. Two compartments, infected macrophages and T cells, of the within-host model feed into the epidemiological model through the direct transmission rate, disease-induced mortality rate, the vertical transmission rate, and the shedding of MAP into the environment. The epidemiological reproduction number depends on the within-host bacteria load in a complex way, exhibiting multiple peaks. A possible mechanism to account for the switch in shedding patterns of the bacteria in this disease is included in the within-host model, and its effect can be seen in the epidemiological reproduction model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, 358 Little Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. maia@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Maia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martcheva
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. lenhart@math.utk.edu.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lenhart
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. seda@utk.edu.
authors.forename: Shigetoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eda
authors.affiliation: Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CL, The Netherlands. D.Klinkenberg@uu.nl.|Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. D.Klinkenberg@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klinkenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Human-care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Fukaya, Saitama, 366-0052, Japan. eiichimomotani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Momotani
authors.affiliation: National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Ames, IA, 50010, USA. judy.stabel@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stabel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057138:Bacterial Shedding; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D003612:Dairying; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000662:veterinary*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D015995:Prevalence