title: Forest carbon in lowland Papua New Guinea: Local variation and the importance of small trees.
abstract: Efforts to incentivize the reduction of carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation require accurate carbon accounting. The extensive tropical forest of Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a target for such efforts and yet local carbon estimates are few. Previous estimates, based on models of neotropical vegetation applied to PNG forest plots, did not consider such factors as the unique species composition of New Guinea vegetation, local variation in forest biomass, or the contribution of small trees. We analysed all trees >1 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH) in Melanesia's largest forest plot (Wanang) to assess local spatial variation and the role of small trees in carbon storage. Above-ground living biomass (AGLB) of trees averaged 210.72 Mg  ha-1at Wanang. Carbon storage at Wanang was somewhat lower than in other lowland tropical forests, whereas local variation among 1-ha subplots and the contribution of small trees to total AGLB were substantially higher. We speculate that these differences may be attributed to the dynamics of Wanang forest where erosion of a recently uplifted and unstable terrain appears to be a major source of natural disturbance. These findings emphasize the need for locally calibrated forest carbon estimates if accurate landscape level valuation and monetization of carbon is to be achieved. Such estimates aim to situate PNG forests in the global carbon context and provide baseline information needed to improve the accuracy of PNG carbon monitoring schemes.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Conservation Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.affiliation: Papua New Guinea Forest Research Institute Lae, Papua New Guinea.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saulei
authors.affiliation: New Guinea Binatang Research Center Madang, Papua New Guinea.
authors.forename: Gibson
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sosanika
authors.affiliation: Bell Museum and Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Weiblen
keywords: Papua New Guinea; above-ground living biomass; forest carbon; tropical rain forest