title: Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells with beyond 8% Efficiency by a Sol-Gel and Selenization Process.
abstract: A facile sol-gel and selenization process has been demonstrated to fabricate high-quality single-phase earth abundant kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) photovoltaic absorbers. The structure and band gap of the fabricated CZTSSe can be readily tuned by varying the [S]/([S] + [Se]) ratios via selenization condition control. The effects of [S]/([S] + [Se]) ratio on device performance have been presented. The best device shows 8.25% total area efficiency without antireflection coating. Low fill factor is the main limitation for the current device efficiency compared to record efficiency device due to high series resistance and interface recombination. By improving film uniformity, eliminating voids, and reducing the Mo(S,Se)2 interfacial layer, a further boost of the device efficiency is expected, enabling the proposed process for fabricating one of the most promising candidates for kesterite solar cells.
authors.affiliation: †School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.|‡School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Fangyang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: †School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
authors.forename: Fangqin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: ‡School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: †School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
authors.forename: Liangxing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: †School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
authors.forename: Zili
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: †School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
authors.forename: Zhenghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: ‡School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: ‡School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: ‡School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: †School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
authors.forename: Yexiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4; interface recombination; kesterite; sol−gel; thin film solar cells