title: Capsaicin attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production by upregulation of LXRα.
abstract: Here, we investigated the role of LXRα in capsaicin mediated anti-inflammatory effects. Results revealed that capsaicin inhibits LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, capsaicin increases LXRα expression through PPARγ pathway. Inhibition of LXRα activation by siRNA diminished the inhibitory action of capsaicin on LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production. Additionally, LXRα siRNA abrogated the inhibitory action of capsaicin on p65 NF-κB protein expression. Thus, we propose that the anti-inflammatory effects of capsaicin are LXRα dependent, and LXRα may potentially link the capsaicin mediated PPARγ activation and NF-κB inhibition in LPS-induced inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China. Electronic address: wdm1998@163.com.
authors.forename: Deming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China. Electronic address: 253477652@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000187:drug effects; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016207:Cytokines; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047495:PPAR gamma; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002211:Capsaicin
keywords: Capsaicin; Inflammation; LXRα; NF-κB; PPARγ