title: Supplementation of the sow diet with chitosan oligosaccharide during late gestation and lactation affects hepatic gluconeogenesis of suckling piglets.
abstract: Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) has a blood glucose lowering effect in diabetic rats and is widely used as a dietary supplement. However, the effect of COS on the offspring of supplemented mothers is unknown. This experiment investigates the effect of supplementing sows during gestation and lactation on the levels of plasma glucose on suckling piglets. From day 85 of gestation to day 14 of lactation, 40 pregnant sows were divided into two treatment groups and fed either a control diet or a control diet containing 30mgCOS/kg. One 14 day old piglet per pen was selected to collect plasma and tissue (8pens/diet). Performance, hepatic gluconeogenesis genes and proteins expression, amino acids contents in sow milk, hepatic glycogen and free fatty acid were determined. Results showed that supplementation of the maternal diet with COS improved daily gain and weaning weight (P<0.05), and the concentration of amino acids in sow milk (P<0.05). Meanwhile, maternal supplementation with COS increased (P<0.05) mRNA expression levels and activities of PEPCK-C, PEPCK-M and G6Pase in the liver of piglets compared with piglets from control fed sows. Correspondingly, the level of plasma glucose was higher (P<0.001) and hepatic glycogen was lower (P<0.05) in piglets from COS fed sows when compared with that in the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of the diet with COS during late gestation and lactation reduced piglet hypoglycemia by stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis and improved the growth rate of suckling piglets.
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10008, China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
authors.forename: Cimin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
authors.forename: Dingfu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
authors.forename: Ze-yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China. Electronic address: wuxin@isa.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China; School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 41008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10008, China. Electronic address: yinyulong@isa.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000032:analysis; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006003:Glycogen; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan oligosaccharides; Hepatic gluconeogenesis; Plasma glucose; Sow; Suckling piglets