title: Estrogenic evaluation and organochlorine identification in blubber of North Sea harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) stranded on the North Sea coast.
abstract: Thirteen individual organochlorine compounds at 3 concentrations (80, 400, and 2000 ng/mL culture medium), as well as mixtures, were assayed for the estrogen receptor (ER) activation or inhibition, using a luciferase reporter gene assay (RGA). None of the PCB 138, 153, or 180 or their mixture induced a response in the RGA. o,p'-DDT was the most potent xenoestrogen from the DDT group, inducing a response already at 80 ng/mL. From the HCH and HCB group, only β-HCH (at 400 and 2000 ng/mL) and δ-HCH (at 2000 ng/mL) displayed estrogenic activities. These 13 organochlorines were determined by GC-MS in 12 samples of North Sea harbor porpoise blubber. The PCBs were the main contaminants. Within each group, PCB 153 (6.0 × 10(2)~4.2 × 10(4) μg/kg), p,p'-DDE (5.1 × 10(2)~8.6 × 10(3) μg/kg), and HCB (7.6 × 10(1)~1.5 × 10(3) μg/kg) were the compounds found in highest concentrations. The hormonal activity of the porpoise blubber samples was also assayed in RGA, where two samples showed estrogenic activity, seven samples showed antiestrogenic activity, and one sample showed both estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity. Our results suggest that the 13 POPs measured by GC-MS in the samples cannot explain alone the estrogenicity of the extracts.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Science, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Bâtiment B43b, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pedro Henrique
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1993-0350
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Imazaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Science, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Bâtiment B43b, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brose
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Pathology, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Bâtiment B43, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jauniaux
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Oceanology, MARE Center, University of Liège, Bâtiment B6c, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Août 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Bâtiment B34, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Science, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Bâtiment B43b, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Scippo
mesh_terms: D000825:Animal Structures; D000818:Animals; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000378:metabolism*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D009659:North Sea; D050741:Phocoena / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical