title: High-density lipoprotein synthesis and metabolism (Review).
abstract: High density lipoproteins (HDL) are heterogeneous particles regarding their size and composition. They have vital functions in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). RCT occurs when lipid-free apolipoprotein AI recruits cholesterol and phospholipid to form nascent HDL particles. Adenosine triphosphate‑binding cassette transporters and scavenger receptor class B type I were found to be associated with the synthesis of HDL. Experimental studies have identified several potential anti‑atherogenic effects of HDL, including promotion of macrophage cholesterol outflow as well as anti‑inflammatory and anti‑thrombotic effects. HDL can also transport microRNAs. This review mainly summarizes the present knowledge of HDL synthesis and metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Congcong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Aihong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000378:metabolism; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002784:Cholesterol