title: Collective efficacy, alcohol outlet density, and young men's alcohol use in rural South Africa.
abstract: Alcohol use contributes to morbidity and mortality in developing countries by increasing the risk of trauma and disease, including alcohol dependence. Limited research addresses determinants of alcohol use beyond the individual level in sub-Saharan Africa. We test the association of community collective efficacy and alcohol outlet density with young men's drinking in a cross-sectional, locally representative survey conducted in rural northeast South Africa. Informal social control and cohesion show protective associations with men's heavy drinking, while alcohol outlet density is associated with more potential problem drinking. These findings provide initial support for intervening at the community level to promote alcohol reduction.
authors.affiliation: MPH-University of California, Berkeley, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA. Electronic address: hannah.leslie@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Hannah H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.affiliation: University of California, Berkeley, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.affiliation: MPH-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA and Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt); School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Audrey E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pettifor
authors.affiliation: MPH-Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt); School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Rhian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Twine
authors.affiliation: MPH, MBBCh-Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt); School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: MBBCh, PhD, MSc-Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt); School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: F Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Gómez-Olivé
authors.affiliation: MPH-University of California, San Francisco, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sheri A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lippman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D003132:Commerce; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Agincourt health and demographic surveillance system; Alcohol; Alcohol outlet density; Collective efficacy; Rural South Africa