title: Identification and association of relationships between selected personal and environmental factors and formal components of temperament and strategies of coping with stress in asthmatic patients.
abstract: Background: Personal and environmental factors might have an impact on strategies of coping with stress and temperamental traits according to the Regulative Theory of Temperament in asthmatic patients. They can modify the clinical picture, the course of a disease and effectiveness of treatment. Personal variables are key factors in determining formal characteristic of behavior and effective management method in asthmatic patients. Aim of study: The aim of the study was to identify selected personal and environmental factors, as well as factors inducing attacks and asthma exacerbations or maintaining them in a complex of personal traits of patients. Methods: Two hundred and eighty one participants were included in the study. Of this number 122 subjects were healthy volunteers and 159 were asthmatic patients. In all the subjects the authors applied the Formal Characteristic of Behaviour – FCZ-KT – Temperament Inventory, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale. Genotyping of polymorphic forms of NR3C1 gene was conducted with PCR-RFLP and PCR-HRM methods. Expression of TGFβ1 gene was measured with the use of qRT-PCR. Results: The authors confirmed a significant influence of personal and environmental factors, such as: age, height, body weight, sex, asthma exacerbations, drugs administered by patients, allergy and psychopathological variables on strategies of coping with stress by asthmatic patients (Task-Oriented Coping, Emotion-Oriented Coping, Avoidance-Oriented Coping, distraction seeking, social diversion). Temperamental traits (Briskness, Perseverance, Sensory Sensitivity, Emotional Reactivity, Endurance, Activity) depend on age, sex, body weight, genetic predispositions and they are modified by asthma exacerbations, allergy, drugs administered by patients, depression and anxiety (state and trait). The authors confirmed a correlation between Tth111I polymorphic form of NR3C1 gene and perseverance (p= 0.0450). It was noted that an increase in the TGFβ1 expression level led to a decrease in the patients' emotional reactivity (p= 0.0212). Conclusions: Strategies of coping with stress and temperamental traits according to the Regulative Theory of Temperament in asthmatic patients are determined by personal and environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego Str., 90-153 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: michalmp@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego Str., 90-153 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: tadeusz.pietras@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pietras
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Jan Kochanowski University of Humanities and Sciences in Kielce, Branch in Piotrków Trybunalski, 114/118 Słowackiego Str., 97-300 Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland. Electronic address: awitusik@ujk.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Witusik
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., Lodz 92-215, Poland. Electronic address: l.wieteska@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Wieteska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology of Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna Str., Lodz 91-738, Poland. Electronic address: b.e.malachowska@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Małachowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego Str., 90-153 Lodz, Poland; Students Research Group at the Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego Str., 90-153 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: sage.mkrs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Mokros
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology of Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna Str., Lodz 91-738, Poland. Electronic address: wojciech.fendler@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fendler
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., Lodz 92-215, Poland. Electronic address: janusz.szemraj@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szemraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Kopcinskiego Str., 90-153 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: piotr.kuna@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuna
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C497713:NR3C1 protein, human; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Dyspnea; NR3C1 gene; Personality traits (temperament); Strategies of coping with stress; TGfbeta1