title: Early National Experience with Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Comparison of Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy and Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy from the National Cancer Data Base.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is considerable debate about the safety and clinical equivalence of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We queried the National Cancer Data Base to identify patients undergoing LPD and OPD for PDCA between 2010 and 2011. Chi-square and Student's t-tests were used to evaluate differences between the 2 approaches. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to identify patient, tumor, or facility factors associated with perioperative mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four thousand and thirty-seven (91%) patients underwent OPD. Three hundred and eighty-four (9%) patients underwent LPD. There were no statistical differences between the 2 surgical cohorts with regard to age, race, Charlson score, tumor size, grade, stage, or treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy demonstrated a shorter length of stay (10 ± 8 days vs 12 ± 9.7 days; p < 0.0001) and lower rates of unplanned readmission (5% vs 9%; p = 0.027) than OPD. In an unadjusted comparison, there was no difference in 30-day mortality between the LPD and OPD cohorts (5.2% vs 3.7%; p = 0.163). Multivariable logistic regression modeling predicting perioperative mortality controlling for age, Charlson score, tumor size, nodal positivity, stage, facility type, and pancreaticoduodenectomy volume identified age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05; p < 0.0001), positive margins (OR = 1.45; p = 0.030), and LPD (OR = 1.89; p = 0.009) as associated with an increased probability of 30-day mortality; higher hospital volume was associated with a lower risk of 30-day mortality (OR = 0.98; p < 0.0001). In institutions that performed ≥10 LPDs, the 30-day mortality rate of the laparoscopic approach was equal to that for the open approach (0.0% vs 0.7%; p = 1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is equivalent to OPD in length of stay, margin-positive resection, lymph node count, and readmission rate. There is a higher 30-day mortality rate with LPD, but this appears driven by a surmountable learning curve for the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Talamonti
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL.
authors.forename: Chihsiung E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Prinz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kevin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Roggin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bentrem
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Winchester
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL.
authors.forename: Robert D W
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Stocker
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL. Electronic address: MBaker3@northshore.org.
authors.forename: Marshall S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000401:mortality; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States