title: Twenty Years of Schizophrenia Research in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Birth cohort designs are useful in studying adult disease trajectories and outcomes, such as schizophrenia. We review the schizophrenia research performed in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966), which includes 10,934 individuals living in Finland at 16 years of age who have been monitored since each mother's mid-pregnancy. By the age of 44, 150 (1.4%) had developed schizophrenia. There are 77 original papers on schizophrenia published from the NFBC 1966. The early studies have found various risk factors for schizophrenia, especially related to pregnancy and perinatal phase. Psychiatric and somatic outcomes were heterogeneous, but relatively poor. Mortality in schizophrenia is high, especially due to suicides. Several early predictors of outcomes have also been found. Individuals with schizophrenia have alterations in brain morphometry and neurocognition, and our latest studies have found that the use of high lifetime doses of antipsychotics associated with these changes. The schizophrenia research in the NFBC 1966 has been especially active for 20 years, the prospective study design and long follow-up enabling several clinically and epidemiologically important findings. When compared to other birth cohorts, the research in the NFBC 1966 has offered also unique findings on course and outcome of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jääskeläinen
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90029 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapea
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 10, 90029 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rautio
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90029 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Pauliina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Juola
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90029 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penttilä
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nordström
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90029 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Husa
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Emmi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keskinen
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Riikka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marttila
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90029 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filatova
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tiina-Mari
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Paaso
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Aurora Doctoral Programme, Thule Institute, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 7300, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koivukangas
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90029 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90029 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isohanni
authors.affiliation: Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90029 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0575-2669
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miettunen