title: In vitro anti-reovirus activity of kuraridin isolated from Sophora flavescens against viral replication and hemagglutination.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated the anti-reovirus activity of kuraridin isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. In particular, we focused on whether this property is attributable to direct inhibition of reovirus attachment and/or inhibition of viral replication with the aid of time-of-addition (pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment) experiments. No significant antiviral activity of kuraridin was detected in the pre-treatment assay. In the simultaneous assay, the 50% effective inhibitory concentrations (EC50) of kuraridin were 15.3-176.9 μM against human type 1-3 reoviruses (HRV1-3) and Korean porcine reovirus (PRV). Kuraridin completely blocked binding of viral sigma 1 protein to sialic acids at concentrations lower than 82.5 μM in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Moreover, kuraridin inhibited HRV1-3 and PRV viral replication with EC50 values of 14.0-62.0 μM. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis disclosed strong suppression of reovirus RNA synthesis at the late stage (18 h) of virus replication by kuraridin. The viral yields of kuraridin-treated cells were significantly reduced at 24 h post-infection, compared with DMSO-treated cells. Our results collectively suggest that kuraridin inhibits virus adsorption and replication by inhibiting hemagglutination, viral RNA and protein synthesis and virus shedding, supporting its utility as a viable candidate antiviral drug against reoviruses.
authors.affiliation: Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Bae
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungsook
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Oh
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Song
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: rho-m@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Mun-Chual
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.affiliation: Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sjpark@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047188:Chalcones / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006384:Hemagglutination / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018165:Orthoreovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D029909:Sophora / Q000737:chemistry*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D047188:Chalcones; D039821:Monoterpenes; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012794:Sialic Acids; C554822:kuraridin; C031728:sigma 1 protein, reovirus
keywords: Anti-reovirus activity; Hemagglutination; Kuraridin; Sophora flavescens; Viral absorption and replication