title: Olfactory Dysfunction Evaluation Is Not Affected by Comorbid Depression in Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olfactory function assessment is an important screening tool for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis. It is debated whether olfaction is affected by comorbid depression. We assessed the relationship between depression and olfaction in PD and determined whether depression may limit the usefulness of olfactory testing for PD diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Olfaction was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks test and the Hyposmia Rating Scale in four groups of subjects: PD patients without depression (n = 30); PD patients with major depression (PDD; n = 30); major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (n = 29); and healthy controls (HCs; n = 30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found between PD and PDD patients for total Sniffin' Sticks test, threshold, discrimination or identification scores, or in Hyposmia Rating Scale, although both groups differed from HCs and MDD patients (P < 0.05), which, in turn, showed similar olfactory scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of differences in olfactory impairment between PD and PDD suggest that depression may not contribute to olfactory dysfunction in PD.
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Montañeses, Argentina.
authors.forename: Malco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiology and Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Argentine National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perez-Lloret
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Montañeses, Argentina.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Millar Vernetti
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Montañeses, Argentina.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Drucaroff
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Montañeses, Argentina.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Montañeses, Argentina.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Montañeses, Argentina.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bril
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Montañeses, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cerquetti
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Montañeses, Argentina.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guinjoan
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Montañeses, Argentina.|Argentine National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merello
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Parkinson's disease; depression; nonmotor symptoms; olfactory dysfunction; premotor