title: Elevated Levels of SET and MYND Domain-Containing Protein 3 Are Correlated with Overexpression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Gastric Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the messenger RNA and protein expressions of SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in gastric cancer (GC) and to explore the correlations between these proteins and the biologic behavior of GC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expressions of SMYD3 and TGF-β1 were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot in GC tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues. In addition, SMYD3 and TGF-β1 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed samples from 166 GC patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The messenger RNA and protein expression levels of SMYD3 and TGF-β1 in GC tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent nontumor tissues. A significantly positive correlation was found between SMYD3 expression and TGF-β1 expression in GC tissues. In addition, the size of the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis were identified as the independently relative factors of SMYD3 expression in GC tissues, and lymph node metastasis was identified as the independently relative factor of TGF-β1 expression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the degree of differentiation, serosal invasion, lymph node metastasis, SMYD3 expression, and TGF-β1 expression were the independent prognostic indicators for GC. Transforming growth factor-β1 expression was one of the optimal prognostic predictors of patients identified using the Cox regression with Akaike Information Criterion value calculation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 expression and TGF-β1 expression in GC tissues were significantly and positively correlated. High expression levels of SMYD3 and TGF-β1 can indicate poor prognoses for GC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Honggen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Fanming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: tjlianghanzl@126.com.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yingjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C506278:SMYD3 protein, human