title: Adherence to medication is associated with non-planning impulsivity in euthymic bipolar disorder patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adherence to medication is a major issue in bipolar disorder. Non-planning impulsivity, defined as a lack of future orientation, has been demonstrated to be the main impulsivity domain altered during euthymia in bipolar disorder patients. It was associated with comorbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate relationship between adherence to medication and non-planning impulsivity, we included 260 euthymic bipolar patients. Adherence to medication was evaluated by Medication Adherence Rating Scale and non-planning impulsivity by Barrat Impulsiveness Scale. Univariate analyses and linear regression were used. We conducted also a path analysis to examine whether non-planning impulsivity had direct or indirect effect on adherence, mediated by comorbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adherence to medication was correlated with non-planning impulsivity, even after controlling for potential confounding factors in linear regression analysis (Beta standardized coefficient = 0.156; p = 0.015). Path analysis demonstrated only a direct effect of non-planning impulsivity on adherence to medication, and none indirect effect via substance use disorders and anxiety disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is limited by its cross-sectional design and adherence to medication was assessed only by self-questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher non-planning impulsivity is associated with low medication adherence, without an indirect effect via comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Pôle de psychiatrie, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 7286, 13344 cedex 15, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France. Electronic address: raoul.belzeaux@ap-hm.fr.
authors.forename: Raoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belzeaux
authors.affiliation: EA 3279-Self-perceived Health Assessment Research Unit, School of Medicine, Timone University, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INT UMR 7289, 13385 cedex 15, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzola-Pomietto
authors.affiliation: EA 3279-Self-perceived Health Assessment Research Unit, School of Medicine, Timone University, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: Pôle de psychiatrie, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Correard
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service de psychiatrie, Centre hospitalier Princesse-Grace, Avenue Pasteur, Monaco.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellivier
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Clinique Universitaire de Psychiatrie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bougerol
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Département d'Urgence et Post Urgence Psychiatrique, CHRU Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olie
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Département d'Urgence et Post Urgence Psychiatrique, CHRU Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Courtet
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Inserm, U955, Equipe de psychiatrie génétique et Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine et AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Pôle de psychiatrie, Créteil 94000, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Etain
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Hôpital Charles Perrens, Centre Expert Trouble Bipolaire, Service de psychiatrie adulte, Pôle 3-4-7, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gard
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique, CHU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Le Chesnay, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Passerieux
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Inserm, U955, Equipe de psychiatrie génétique et Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine et AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Pôle de psychiatrie, Créteil 94000, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leboyer
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Inserm, U955, Equipe de psychiatrie génétique et Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine et AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Pôle de psychiatrie, Créteil 94000, France.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Pôle de psychiatrie, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; EA 3279-Self-perceived Health Assessment Research Unit, School of Medicine, Timone University, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Azorin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016903:Drug Monitoring
keywords: Anxiety disorders; Impulsivity; Mood disorders; Substance Use Disorders