title: Soil and plant response to used potassium silicate drilling fluid application.
abstract: Use of drilling waste generated from the oil and gas industry for land reclamation has potential to be a practical and economical means to improve soil fertility and to decrease landfills. A four month greenhouse experiment with common barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on three different textured soils was conducted to determine soil and plant response to incorporated or sprayed potassium silicate drilling fluid (PSDF). Two PSDF types (used once, used twice) were applied at six rates (10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 120m(3)ha(-1)) as twelve PSDF amendments plus a control (non PSDF). Effects of PSDF amendment on plant properties were significant, and varied through physiological growth stages. Barley emergence and below ground biomass were greater with used once than used twice PSDF at the same application rate in clay loam soil. Used twice PSDF at highest rates significantly increased barley above ground biomass relative to the control in loam and sand soil. All PSDF treatments significantly increased available potassium relative to the control in all three soils. Soil electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio increased with PSDF addition, but not to levels detrimental to barley. Soil quality rated fair to poor with PSDF amendments in clay loam, and reduced plant performance at the highest rate, suggesting a threshold beyond which conditions are compromised with PSDF utilization. PSDF application method did not significantly affect plant and soil responses. This initial greenhouse research demonstrates that PSDF has potential as a soil amendment for reclamation, with consideration of soil properties and plant species tolerances to determine PSDF types and rates to be used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; School of Land Science and Technology, University of Geosciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: linjun@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Linjun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anne Naeth
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D001467:Hordeum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis*; D017640:Silicates / Q000032:analysis*; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D007220:Industrial Waste; D017640:Silicates; D012987:Soil; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Drilling fluid; Potassium silicate; Reclamation; Revegetation; Soil amendment