title: Profiles of secreted neuropeptides and catecholamines illustrate similarities and differences in response to stimulation by distinct secretagogues.
abstract: The goal of this study was to define profiles of secreted neuropeptide and catecholamine neurotransmitters that undergo co-release from sympathoadrenal chromaffin cells upon stimulation by distinct secretagogues. Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla participate in the dynamic responses to stress, especially that of 'fight and flight', and, thus, analyses of the co-release of multiple neurotransmitters is necessary to gain knowledge of how the stress response regulates cell-cell communication among physiological systems. Results of this study demonstrated that six different secretagogues stimulated the co-release of the neuropeptides Met-enkephalin, galanin, NPY, and VIP with the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Importantly, the quantitative profiles of the secreted neurotransmitters showed similarities and differences upon stimulation by the different secretagogues evaluated, composed of KCl depolarization, nicotine, carbachol, PACAP, bradykinin, and histamine. The rank-orders of the secreted profiles of the neurotransmitters were generally similar among these secretagogues, but differences in the secreted amounts of each neurotransmitter occurred with different secretagogues. Epinephrine among the catecholamines showed the highest level of secretion. (Met)enkephalin showed the largest levels of secretion compared to the other neuropeptides examined. Levels of secreted catecholamines were greater than that of the neuropeptides. These data support the hypothesis that profiles of secreted neuropeptide and catecholamine neurotransmitters show similarities and differences upon stimulation by distinct secretagogues. These results illustrate the co-release of concerted neurotransmitter profiles that participate in the stress response of the sympathoadrenal nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of Calif.-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Podvin
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Calif.-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bundey
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of Calif.-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toneff
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Calif.-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of Calif.-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Dept. of Neuroscience and Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Univ. of Calif.-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States. Electronic address: vhook@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hook
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000166:cytology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017442:Histamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D017442:Histamine Agonists; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D009538:Nicotine; D006632:Histamine; D002217:Carbachol; D001920:Bradykinin
keywords: Catecholamines; Chromaffin cells; Neuropeptides; Neurotransmitter profiles; Secretagogues; Secretion; Stress response