title: A New Protein Factor in the Product Formation of Non-Reducing Fungal Polyketide Synthase with a C-Terminus Reductive Domain.
abstract: Azaphilone polyketides are synthesized by iterative non-reducing fungal polyketide synthases (NR-fPKSs) with a C-terminus reductive domain (-R). Several azaphilone biosynthetic gene clusters contain a putative serine hydrolase gene; the Monascus azaphilone pigment (MAzP) gene cluster harbors mppD. The MAzP productivity was significantly reduced by a knockout of mppD, and the MAzP NR-fPKS-R gene (MpPKS5) generated its product in yeast only when co-expressed with mppD. Site-directed mutations of mppD for conserved Ser/Asp/His residues abolished the product formation from the MpPKS5/mppD co-expression. MppD and its homologs are thus proposed as a new protein factor involved in the product formation of NR-fPKS-R.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bijinu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute for Traditional Korean Medicine Industry, Mokpo National University, Muan 534-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Si-Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D032741:Monascus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D005810:Multigene Family; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D048630:Polyketide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D010860:Pigments, Biological; C494154:azaphilone; D048630:Polyketide Synthases
keywords: Monascus pigment; MppD; Ser/Asp/His catalytic triad; azaphilone polyketide; non-reducing fungal polyketide synthase