title: Circulating profiling reveals the effect of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet on common microRNAs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are abundant in seafood and nuts, ameliorates components of the metabolic syndrome. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated to be valuable biomarkers of metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated whether a sustained nuts-enriched diet can lead to changes in circulating miRNAs, in parallel to the dietary modification of fatty acids (FAs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The profile of 192 common miRNAs was assessed (TaqMan low-density arrays) in plasma from 10 healthy women before and after an 8-week trial with a normocaloric diet enriched with PUFAs (30 g/day of almonds and walnuts). The most relevant miRNAs were validated in an extended sample of 30 participants (8 men and 22 women). Adiponectin was measured by immunoassay and FAs by gas liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The percentage of both ω-3 (P=.01) and ω-6 (P=.029) PUFAs of dietary origin (as inferred from plasma FA concentrations) increased, whereas saturated FAs decreased (P=.0008). Concomitantly with changes in circulating FAs, several miRNAs were modified by treatment, including decreased miR-328, miR-330-3p, miR-221 and miR-125a-5p, and increased miR-192, miR-486-5p, miR-19b, miR-106a, miR-769-5p, miR-130b and miR-18a. Interestingly, miR-106a variations in plasma correlated with changes in PUFAs, while miR-130b (r=0.58, P=.003) and miR-221 (r=0.46, P=.03) reflected changes in C-reactive protein. The dietary modulation of miR-125a-5p mirrored changes in fasting triglycerides (r=-0.44, P=.019) and increased adiponectin (r=0.43, P=.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary FAs (as inferred from plasma FA concentration) are linked to changes in circulating miRNAs, which may be modified by a PUFAs-enriched diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain. Electronic address: fortega@idibgi.org.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, México.
authors.forename: Mónica I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Cardona-Alvarado
authors.affiliation: Joint IRB-BSC program on Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mercader
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreno-Navarrete
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabater
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Batllevell
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Chávez
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Wifredo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ricart
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molina-Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, México.
authors.forename: Elva L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Pérez-Luque
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain. Electronic address: jmfreal@idibgi.org.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Real
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D035683:MicroRNAs; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Circulating microRNAs; Diet; LDL cholesterol; Omega ω-3; Omega ω-6; Polyunsaturated fatty acids