title: Interaction between unrelated viruses during in vivo co-infection to limit pathology and immunity.
abstract: Great progress has been made in understanding immunity to viral infection. However, infection can occur in the context of co-infection by unrelated pathogens that modulate immune responses and/or disease. We have studied immunity and disease during co-infection with two unrelated viruses: Ectromelia virus (ECTV) and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). ECTV infection can be a lethal in mice due in part to the blockade of Type I Interferons (IFN-I). We show that ECTV/LCMV co-infection results in decreased ECTV viral load and amelioration of ECTV-induced disease, likely due to IFN-I induction by LCMV, as rescue is not observed in IFN-I receptor deficient mice. However, immune responses to LCMV in ECTV co-infected mice were also lower compared to mice infected with LCMV alone and potentially biased toward effector-memory cell generation. Thus, we provide evidence for bi-directional effects of viral co-infection that modulate disease and immunity.
authors.affiliation: Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Megan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: McAfee
authors.affiliation: Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Trung P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.affiliation: Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Bertram L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. Electronic address: joseph.blattman@asu.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Blattman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001117:Arenaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D004481:Ectromelia virus / Q000276:immunology; D004482:Ectromelia, Infectious / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000276:immunology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I
keywords: Co-infection; ECTV; IFN-I; Immune response; LCMV