title: Non-Enhanced MR Imaging of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations at 7 Tesla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prospectively 7 Tesla time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and 7 Tesla non-contrast-enhanced magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE) for delineation of intracerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in comparison to 1.5 Tesla TOF MRA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with single or multifocal AVMs were enrolled in this trial. The study protocol comprised 1.5 and 7 Tesla TOF MRA and 7 Tesla non-contrast-enhanced MPRAGE sequences. All patients underwent an additional four-vessel 3D DSA. Image analysis of the following five AVM features was performed individually by two radiologists on a five-point scale: nidus, feeder(s), draining vein(s), relationship to adjacent vessels, and overall image quality and presence of artefacts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 21 intracerebral AVMs were detected. Both sequences at 7 Tesla were rated superior over 1.5 Tesla TOF MRA in the assessment of all considered AVM features. Image quality at 7 Tesla was comparable with DSA considering both sequences. Inter-observer accordance was good to excellent for the majority of ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates excellent image quality for depiction of intracerebral AVMs using non-contrast-enhanced 7 Tesla MRA, comparable with DSA. Assessment of untreated AVMs is a promising clinical application of ultra-high-field MRA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Non-contrast-enhanced 7 Tesla MRA demonstrates excellent image quality for intracerebral AVM depiction. • Image quality at 7 Tesla was comparable with DSA considering both sequences. • Assessment of intracerebral AVMs is a promising clinical application of ultra-high-field MRA.
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany. karsten.wrede@uk-essen.de.|Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. karsten.wrede@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Karsten H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wrede
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.|Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dammann
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johst
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mönninghoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.|Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Giessen, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlamann
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maderwald
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.|Department of Neurosurgery, Nordstadtkrankenhaus Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: I Erol
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Sandalcioglu
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.|Division of Medical Physics in Radiology (E020), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ladd
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forsting
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sure
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Lale
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Umutlu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D016477:Artifacts; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000473:pathology*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 7 Tesla; Arteriovenous malformation; MPRAGE; Magnetic resonance angiography; TOF MRA