title: Adherence to Analgesics for Cancer Pain: A Comparative Study of African Americans and Whites Using an Electronic Monitoring Device.
abstract: Despite well-documented disparities in cancer pain outcomes among African Americans, surprisingly little research exists on adherence to analgesia for cancer pain in this group. We compared analgesic adherence for cancer-related pain over a 3-month period between African Americans and whites using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Patients (N = 207) were recruited from outpatient medical oncology clinics of an academic medical center in Philadelphia (≥18 years of age, diagnosed with solid tumors or multiple myeloma, with cancer-related pain, and at least 1 prescription of oral around-the-clock analgesic). African Americans reported significantly greater cancer pain (P < .001), were less likely than whites to have a prescription of long-acting opioids (P < .001), and were more likely to have a negative Pain Management Index (P < .001). There were considerable differences between African Americans and whites in the overall MEMS dose adherence, ie, percentage of the total number of prescribed doses that were taken (53% vs 74%, P < .001). On subanalysis, analgesic adherence rates for African Americans ranged from 34% (for weak opioids) to 63% (for long-acting opioids). Unique predictors of analgesic adherence varied by race; income levels, analgesic side effects, and fear of distracting providers predicted analgesic adherence for African Americans but not for whites. Perspective: Despite evidence of disparities in cancer pain outcomes among African Americans, surprisingly little research exists on African Americans' adherence to analgesia for cancer pain. This prospective study uses objective measures to compare adherence to prescribed pain medications between African American and white patients with cancer pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; NewCourtland Center of Transitions and Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: meghanis@nursing.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Salimah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Meghani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Aleda M L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chittams
authors.affiliation: Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Deborah W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bruner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; NewCourtland Center of Transitions and Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004581:Electronics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: African Americans; Cancer pain; adherence; analgesics; electronic monitoring