title: Aged-Related Changes in Body Composition and Association between Body Composition with Bone Mass Density by Body Mass Index in Chinese Han Men over 50-year-old.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aging, body composition, and body mass index (BMI) are important factors in bone mineral density (BMD). Although several studies have investigated the various parameters and factors that differentially influence BMD, the results have been inconsistent. Thus, the primary goal of the present study was to further characterize the relationships of aging, body composition parameters, and BMI with BMD in Chinese Han males older than 50 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was a retrospective analysis of the body composition, BMI, and BMD of 358 Chinese male outpatients between 50 and 89 years of age that were recruited from our hospital between 2009 and 2011. Qualified subjects were stratified according to age and BMI as follows: 50-59 (n = 35), 60-69 (n = 123), 70-79 (n = 93), and 80-89 (n = 107) years of age and low weight (BMI: < 20 kg/m2; n = 21), medium weight (20 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2; n = 118), overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2; n = 178), and obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2; n = 41). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to assess bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), lumbar spine (L1-L4) BMD, femoral neck BMD, and total hip BMD. Additionally, the FM index (FMI; FM/height2), LM index (LMI; LM/height2), FFM index (FFMI; [BMC+LM]/height2), percentage of BMC (%BMC; BMC/[BMC+FM+LM] × 100%), percentage of FM (%FM; FM/[BMC+FM+LM] × 100%), and percentage of LM (%LM; LM/(BMC+FM+LM) × 100%) were calculated. Osteopenia or osteoporosis was identified using the criteria and T-score of the World Health Organization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although there were no significant differences in BMI among the age groups, there was a significant decline in height and weight according to age (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0002, respectively). The LMI and FFMI also declined with age (both p < 0.0001) whereas the FMI exhibited a significant increase that peaked in the 80-89-years group (p = 0.0145). Although the absolute values of BMC and LM declined with age (p = 0.0031 and p < 0.0001, respectively), there was no significant difference in FM. In terms of body composition, there were no significant differences in %BMC but there was an increase in %FM (p < 0.0001) and a decrease in %LM (p < 0.0001) with age. The femoral neck and total hip BMD significantly declined with age (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0027, respectively) but there were no differences in L1-L4. BMD increased at all sites (all p < 0.01) as BMI increased but there were declines in the detection rates of osteoporosis and osteopenia (both p < 0.001). A logistic regression revealed that when the medium weight group was given a BMI value of 1, a decline in BMI was an independent risk factor of osteoporosis or osteopenia, while an increase in BMI was a protective factor for BMD. At the same time, BMD in L1-L4 exhibited a significant positive association with FMI (p = 0.0003) and the femoral neck and total hip BMDs had significant positive associations with FFMI and LMI, respectively (both p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that LMI and FFMI exhibited significant negative associations with aging in Chinese Han males older than 50 years, whereas FMI had a positive association. BMD in the femoral neck and total hip declined with age but an increased BMI was protective for BMD. LMI and FFMI were protective for BMD in the femoral neck and total hip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Hainan Branch Nursing Department, PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Nephrology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Hainan Branch Health care Department, PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China.
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Hainan Branch Health care Department, PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Hainan Branch Endocrinology Department, PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Health care Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors