title: Environmental exposure to manganese in air: Associations with cognitive functions.
abstract: Manganese (Mn), an essential element, can be neurotoxic in high doses. This cross-sectional study explored the cognitive function of adults residing in two towns (Marietta and East Liverpool, Ohio, USA) identified as having high levels of environmental airborne Mn from industrial sources. Air-Mn site surface emissions method modeling for total suspended particulate (TSP) ranged from 0.03 to 1.61 μg/m(3) in Marietta and 0.01-6.32 μg/m(3) in East Liverpool. A comprehensive screening test battery of cognitive function, including the domains of abstract thinking, attention/concentration, executive function and memory was administered. The mean age of the participants was 56 years (±10.8 years). Participants were mostly female (59.1) and primarily white (94.6%). Significant relationships (p<0.05) were found between Mn exposure and performance on working and visuospatial memory (e.g., Rey-O Immediate β=-0.19, Rey-O Delayed β=-0.16) and verbal skills (e.g., Similarities β=-0.19). Using extensive cognitive testing and computer modeling of 10-plus years of measured air monitoring data, this study suggests that long-term environmental exposure to high levels of air-Mn, the exposure metric of this paper, may result in mild deficits of cognitive function in adult populations.
authors.affiliation: San Francisco State University, Department of Psychology, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA. Electronic address: rbowl@sfsu.edu.
authors.forename: Rosemarie M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bowler
authors.affiliation: California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University, 1 Beach St., Suite 100, San Francisco, CA 94133, USA.
authors.forename: Erica S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kornblith
authors.affiliation: San Francisco State University, Department of Psychology, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.
authors.forename: Vihra V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Gocheva
authors.affiliation: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Region 5, 77W. Jackson Blvd., MS ATSD-4J, Chicago, IL 60604, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Colledge
authors.affiliation: U.S. EPA Region 5, 77W. Jackson Blvd., AR 18-J, Chicago, IL 60604, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bollweg
authors.affiliation: Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan 682-060, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yangho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Colorado State University, 1879 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Beseler
authors.affiliation: San Francisco State University, Department of Psychology, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.
authors.forename: Chris W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: San Francisco State University, Department of Psychology, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.
authors.forename: Shane W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: U.S. EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, MD 58A, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
authors.forename: Danelle T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lobdell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese
keywords: Air; Cognitive function; Environmental; Manganese; Neuropsychology