title: Benchmarking biomarker-based criteria for Alzheimer's disease: Data from the Swedish Dementia Registry, SveDem.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New research guidelines for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include biomarker evidence of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate what proportion of AD patients diagnosed in clinical routine in Sweden that had an AD-indicative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  By cross-referencing a laboratory database with the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), 2357 patients with data on CSF Aβ and tau biomarkers and a clinical diagnosis of AD with dementia were acquired.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, 77.2% had pathologic Aβ42 and total tau or phosphorylated tau in CSF. These results were stable across age groups. Female sex and low mini-mental state examination score increased the likelihood of pathologic biomarkers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About a quarter of clinically diagnosed AD patients did not have an AD-indicative CSF biomarker profile. This discrepancy may partly reflect incorrect (false positive) clinical diagnosis or a lack in sensitivity of the biomarker assays.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: christoffer.rosen@neuro.gu.se.
authors.forename: Christoffer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosén
authors.affiliation: Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farahmand
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skillbäck
authors.affiliation: Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nägga
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mattsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kilander
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Religa
authors.affiliation: Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wimo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winblad
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.affiliation: Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksdotter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D019985:Benchmarking / Q000379:methods*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012042:Registries; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D016875:tau Proteins
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Biomarkers; Cerebrospinal fluid; Diagnosis; Diagnostic criteria