title: An overview of triple negative breast cancer for surgical oncologists.
abstract: Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) represent a distinct subgroup of breast cancers with an immunohistochemical phenotype that is negative for oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2). The aim of this article is to provide a broad overview of recent developments in the diagnosis and management of TNBC for surgical oncologists. This overview discusses the subtypes of TNBC and the relationship between this type of breast cancer and the BRCA1 gene. In addition, the article explores recent advances in the treatment of TNBC from a surgical, radiation, and medical oncology point of view. Lastly, evolving therapeutic strategies that have potential to enhance outcomes for patients with TNBC are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: mbarry@mater.ie.
authors.forename: Mitchel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kell
authors.affiliation: Breast Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Virgilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sacchini
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: Breast surgery oncology; Review; Triple negative breast cancer