title: [Application of hepatic segment resection combined with rigid choledochoscope in the treatment of complex hepatolithiasis guided by three-dimensional visualization technology].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the value of hepatic segment resection combined with rigid choledochoscope by the three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology in the diagnosis and treatment of complex hepatolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enhance computed tomography (CT) data of 46 patients with complex hepatolithiasis who were admitted to the Zhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical University from July 2010 to June 2014 were collected.All of the CT data were imported into the medical image three-dimensional visualization system (MI-3DVS) for 3D reconstruction and individual 3D types. The optimal scope of liver resection and the remnant liver volume were determined according to the individualized liver segments which were made via the distribution and variation of hepatic vein and portal vein, the distribution of bile duct stones and stricture of the bile duct, which provided guidance for intraoperative hepatic lobectomy and rigid choledochoscope for the remnant calculus lithotripsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcomes of individual 3D types: 10 cases of type I, 11 cases of IIa, 23 cases of IIb, 2 cases of IIc, 19 cases coexisted with history of biliary surgery. The variation of hepatic artery was appeared 6 cases. The variation of portal vein was appeared 8 cases. The remaining liver volume for virtual hepatic lobectomy controlled more than 50%. Eighteen cases underwent left lateral hepatectomy, 8 cases underwent left liver resection, 8 cases underwent right posterior lobe of liver resection, 4 cases underwent the right hepatic resection, 4 cases underwent IV segment liver resection, 2 cases underwent right anterior lobe of liver resection, 2 cases underwent left lateral hepatectomy combined with right posterior lobe of liver resection, 26 cases underwent targeting treatment of rapid choledochoscope and preumatic lithotripsy. The actual surgical procedure was consistent with the preoperative surgical planning. There was no postoperative residual liver ischemia,congestion, liver failure occurred in this study. The intraoperative calculus clearance rate was 91.3% (42/46) because 4 cases of postoperatively residual calculi were not suitable for one stage management due to suppurative cholangitis but removed calculus successfully with rigid choledochoscope through T tube fistula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic segment resection combined with rigid choledochoscope under the guidance of three-dimensional visualization technology achieves accurate preoperative diagnosis and higher complete stone clearance rate of complicated hepatolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Email: fangch_dr@126.com.
authors.forename: Chihua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D002137:Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006503:Hepatic Veins; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D011169:Portal Vein; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed