title: Performance of rapid tests for discrimination between HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infections.
abstract: Major differences exist between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in terms of epidemiology, pathogenicity, sensitivity to antiretrovirals. Determining the type of HIV infecting a patient is essential for management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of simple/rapid tests to differentiate between HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infections. We analyzed 116 samples from patients infected with HIV-1 (n = 61), HIV-2 (n = 47), or HIV-1+HIV-2 (n = 8) at the chronic stage of infection. Each sample was tested with SD Bioline HIV-1/2 3.0, ImmunoFlow HIV1-HIV2, ImmunoFlow HIV1-HIV2 (WB), Genie III HIV-1/HIV-2, ImmunoComb HIV1&2 BiSpot. HIV-1, or HIV-2 single infection was identified with a sensitivity ranging from 90% to 100%. The ability to detect dual infection was less sensitive (12.5-100%). SD Bioline HIV-1/2 3.0, ImmunoFlow HIV1-HIV2, and Genie III were unable to detect HIV-1 group O infection in one, one and two cases, respectively. The specificity of detection of HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1+HIV-2 antibodies differed greatly (36-100%). ImmunoComb BiSpot had the highest sensitivity values (99-100% for HIV-1, 98% for HIV-2, and 75-87.5% for dual infection) and specificity values (94-100% for HIV-1, 100% for HIV-2, and 97-100% for dual infection). In conclusion, this study showed that no single rapid test had a perfect sensitivity/specificity ratio, particularly in the case of the double infections.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, UMRS CR7, INSERM U1135, Persistent Viral Infections, CIMI-Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Virologie, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université René Descartes Paris 5, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gautheret-Dejean
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, UMRS CR7, INSERM U1135, Persistent Viral Infections, CIMI-Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Virologie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bocobza
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Centre National de Référence du VIH, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Nord-Val de Seine, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Damond
authors.affiliation: Université de Rouen, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Charles Nicolle and EA2656-GRAM, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Plantier
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Centre National de Référence du VIH, Tours, France.|Université François-Rabelais, INSERM UMR966, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barin
mesh_terms: D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: HIV-1; HIV-2; differentiation; dual infection; simple rapid test