title: Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Autonomic dysfunction is a prevalent and significant cause of disability among patients with multiple sclerosis. Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis is usually explained by lesions within central nervous system regions responsible for autonomic regulation, but novel evidence suggests that other factors may be involved as well. Additionally, the interactions between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system have generated increased interest about the role of autonomic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. In this paper we analyze systematically the most relevant signs and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction in MS, considering separately their potential causes and implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: juanracosta@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Racosta
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimpinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah Anne
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kremenchutzky
mesh_terms: D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Autonomic dysfunction; Diagnosis; Multiple sclerosis; Pathogenesis