title: Investigating the effect of silver coating on the solubility, antibacterial properties, and cytocompatibility of glass microspheres.
abstract: Silver (Ag) coatings have been incorporated into many medical materials due to its ability to eradicate harmful microbes. In this study, glass microspheres (SiO2-Na2O-CaO-Al2O3) were synthesized and employed as substrates to investigate the effect Ag coating has on glass solubility and the subsequent biological effects. Initially, glasses were amorphous with a glass transition point (T(g)) of 605℃ and microspheres were spherical with a mean particle diameter of 120 µm (±27). The Ag coating was determined to be crystalline in nature and its presence was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ion release determined that Ag-coated (Ag-S) microspheres increased the Na(+) release rate but slightly reduced the Ca(2+) and Si(4+) release compared to an uncoated control (UC-S). Additionally, the Ag-S reduced the pH to just above neutral (7.3-8.5) compared to the UC-S (7.7-9.1). Antibacterial testing determined significant reductions in planktonic Escherichia coli (p = 0.000), Staphylococcus epidermidis (p = 0.000) and Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.000) growth as a function of the presence of Ag and with respect to maturation (1, 7, and 30 days). Testing for toxicity levels using L929 Fibroblasts determined higher cell viability for the Ag-S at lower concentrations (5 µg/ml); in addition, no significant reduction in cell viability was observed with higher concentrations (15, 30 µg/ml).
authors.affiliation: Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.affiliation: Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Placek
authors.affiliation: Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Mellott
authors.affiliation: Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA wren@alfred.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Wren
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D002460:Cell Line; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012995:Solubility; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D012834:Silver
keywords: Glass microspheres; S. aureus; coatings; fibroblasts; silver