title: [Food addiction - substance use disorder or behavioral addiction?].
abstract: This article looks at food addiction as a subject situated between psychiatry, neurobiology, nutritional science, internal medicine, food industry, and public health. Essentially, the question is whether or not individual nutritional components can induce physical dependence, similar to the well-known effects of drugs such as alcohol and cocaine, or whether food addiction is rather a behavioral addiction. The literature describes many overlaps as well as differences of substance-based and non-substance-based addiction in both clinical and neurobiological terms. Until recently it was argued that food addiction appears only in the realms of obesity and eating disorders (e.g., binge-eating disorder, BED). Some studies, however, described the prevalence of food addiction symptoms and diagnoses independent of overweight or that they were in subjects who do not fulfill the criteria for BED. This article sums up the controversial discussion about the phenomenological and neurobiological classification of food addiction. Implications of food addiction for children and adolescents as well as public-health-related issues are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: 1 Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Essen.
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Albayrak
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kliewer
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Föcker
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antel
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hebebrand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: DSM-5; Ernährung; Essstörungen; Substanzgebrauchsstörung; behavioral addiction; eating disorder; nutrition; stoffungebundene Sucht; substance use disorder