title: Macacine Herpesvirus 1 in Long-Tailed Macaques, Malaysia, 2009-2011.
abstract: Macacine herpesvirus 1 (MaHV1; B virus) naturally infects macaques (Macaca spp.) and can cause fatal encephalitis in humans. In Peninsular Malaysia, wild macaques are abundant, and translocation is used to mitigate human-macaque conflict. Most adult macaques are infected with MaHV1, although the risk for transmission to persons who handle them during capture and translocation is unknown. We investigated MaHV1 shedding among 392 long-tailed macaques (M. fascicularis) after capture and translocation by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks in Peninsular Malaysia, during 2009-2011. For detection of MaHV1 DNA, PCR was performed on urogenital and oropharyngeal swab samples. Overall, 39% of macaques were shedding MaHV1 DNA; rates of DNA detection did not differ between sample types. This study demonstrates that MaHV1 was shed by a substantial proportion of macaques after capture and transport and suggests that persons handling macaques under these circumstances might be at risk for exposure to MaHV1.
authors.forename: Mei-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Melinda K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rostal
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Frankie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sitam
authors.forename: Chee-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeffrine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Japning
authors.forename: Mallory E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Misliah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basir
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daszak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D006568:Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine / Q000502:physiology*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000821:virology*; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D017201:Virus Shedding
keywords: B virus; Macaca fascicularis; Macacine herpesvirus 1; Malaysia; PCR; encephalitis; herpes B virus; long-tailed macaque; nonhuman primate; occupational risk; translocation; viruses; zoonoses