title: Combined effect of body mass index and body size perception on metabolic syndrome in South Korea: results of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2010-2012).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Body mass index (BMI) has been used as an indirect predictor for the risk of metabolic syndrome. However, there are challenges in evaluating the risk of metabolic syndrome using BMI in certain parts of the world. Therefore, it is worth exploring additional factors that could supplement BMI to predict the risk of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we assessed the combined effect of BMI and perception for predicting metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES V, 2010-12, N = 16,537) in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association while controlling for potential confounding variables. We also performed an analysis for the combined effect of BMI and perception of body size, and subgroup analysis by age group or moderate physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 16,537 participants were analyzed in this study (males: 6,978, females: 9,559). Among them, metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 1,252 (17.9%) males and 2,445 (25.6%) females, respectively. The combination of BMI and body size perception had a positive relation with the presence of metabolic syndrome. People who perceived themselves to be overweight for their body size had a higher risk for metabolic syndrome even if they have the same BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the combination of body size perception and BMI is useful in predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome. The use of complementary predictors could reduce the risk for inaccurate prediction of metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. vpdrnls1975@daum.net.
authors.forename: Sook Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. kthan@yuhs.ac.|Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. kthan@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Kyu-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. sunjkim0623@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sun Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Administration, Yuhan University, Bucheon, Republic of Korea. sohnty@yuhan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Tae Yong
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. BYJUN@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Byungyool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. ecpark@yuhs.ac.|Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. ecpark@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Woorim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. ecpark@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001828:Body Image; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight; D010465:Perception; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult