title: Effects of glucose on microcystin-LR removal and the bacterial community composition through anoxic biodegradation in drinking water sludge.
abstract: To enhance the degradation efficiency of microcystin (MC) in drinking water sludge (DWS), the underlying mechanisms between organic carbon (glucose) and the biodegradation of MC-LR under anoxic conditions were investigated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technology. The addition of glucose reduced the rate of the MC-LR biodegradation indicating the occurrence of inhibition of degradation, and an increased inhibition was observed with increases in glucose concentration (0-10,000 mg/L). In addition, the community analysis indicated that the variety and the number of the microbes increased with the concentration of glucose amended (0 -1000 mg/L), but they decreased substantially with the addition of 10,000 mg/L of glucose. The phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were found to be the dominant. Methylobacterium and Sphingomonas were MC-degrading bacteria and used glucose as a prior carbon source instead of MC, resulting in the decrease in the MC-LR biodegradation rate under anoxic conditions. Thus, reducing organic carbon could improve the anoxic biodegradation efficiency of MC in DWS.
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guangxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100 , People's Republic of China.|b Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Engineering , 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100 , People's Republic of China.|b Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Engineering , 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenrong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangchao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX 78249 , USA.
authors.forename: Ruoting
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pei
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008387:Marine Toxins; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects*; D052998:Microcystins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D060766:Drinking Water; D005947:Glucose; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C057862:cyanoginosin LR
keywords: anoxic biodegradation; bacteria; drinking water sludge; glucose; microcystin-LR