title: The effects of prenatal long-duration exposure to 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old newborn male rat liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine what effect a 900-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) applied in the prenatal period would have on the liver in the postnatal period.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the start of the study, adult pregnant rats were divided into two groups, control and experimental. The experimental group was exposed to a 900-MHz EMF for 1 h daily during days 13-21 of pregnancy. After birth, no procedure was performed on either mothers or pups. Male rat pups (n = 6) from the control group mothers (CGMR) and male rat pups (n = 6) from the experimental group mothers (EGMR) were sacrificed on postnatal day 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biochemical analyses showed that malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase values increased and glutathione levels decreased in the EGMR pups. Marked hydropic degeneration in the parenchyma, particularly in pericentral regions, was observed in light microscopic examination of EGMR sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Examinations under transmission electron microscope revealed vacuolization in the mitochondria, expansion in the endoplasmic reticulum, and necrotic hepatocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results show that a 900-MHz EMF applied in the prenatal period caused oxidative stress and pathological alterations in the liver in the postnatal period.
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Topal
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanci
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mercantepe
authors.forename: Hüseyin Serkan
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.forename: Osman Nuri
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Keleş
authors.forename: Haydar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Sevdegül
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mungan
authors.forename: Ersan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Odaci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione