title: Food insecurity and intimate partner violence against women: results from the California Women's Health Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between food insecurity and intimate partner violence in a population-based sample of heterosexual women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between three levels of food insecurity and intimate partner violence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 6 years of the California Women's Health Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomly selected women (n 16 562) aged 18 years and older from the State of California, USA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found: (i) that African-American women had a higher prevalence of food insecurity and were more likely to report severe intimate partner violence; (ii) a strong positive association between food insecurity and intimate partner violence; (iii) evidence of effect modification of the association between food insecurity and intimate partner violence by marital status; and (iv) higher odds of intimate partner violence among those reporting more severe food insecurity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Food insecurity is an important risk indicator for intimate partner violence among women. Understanding the factors that put women, especially minority women, at greatest risk facilitates intervention development.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,Fielding School of Public Health,University of California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
authors.forename: Joni L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ricks
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,Fielding School of Public Health,University of California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,Fielding School of Public Health,University of California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
authors.forename: Onyebuchi A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Arah
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior,University of California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,Fielding School of Public Health,University of California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
authors.forename: Teresa E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Seeman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D002140:California; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016387:Women's Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Food insecurity; Intimate partner violence; Race/ethnicity; Women