title: Treatment of camptocormia with botulinum toxin.
abstract: Camptocormia is defined as an involuntary axial postural distortion of >45° flexion which occurs in the upright position, increases whilst walking and resolves when supine (Ashour and Jankovic, 2006). Unlike orthopaedic or age related kyphosis it is not a fixed structural deformity and produces kyphosis at predominantly lumbar and thoracic rather than cervical regions. Camptocormia has been reported due to a wide range of neurologic, psychiatric, muscular and orthopaedic conditions as well as rare reports of its emergence following the initiation of a number of medications (Finsterer and Strobl, 2010). Parkinson's disease (PD) includes prominent motor features of bradykinesia, rigidity and reduced postural balance responses in all those affected with this disease, but can also cause a range of other motor and non-motor features. Camptocormia is reported in a minority of patients with PD, and it is usually associated with longer disease duration and greater disease burden (Tiple et al., 2009). The aetiology of camptocormia in PD is debated, and responses to treatment have been generally poor and variable between studies. Recent studies have suggested the use of botulinum toxin may improve posture in some affected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bertram
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stirpe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: carlo.colosimo@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colosimo
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009134:Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications; D013121:Spinal Curvatures / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: Botulinum toxin; Camptocormia; Parkinson's disease