title: Intraosseous venous malformation of the zygoma: A case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous malformations of the zygoma are rare. Historically, venous malformations have been misrepresented as "hemangiomas". The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomaly (ISSVA) classification is a reasonable classification that leads to appropriate clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Collaboration between surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists is necessary for accurate diagnosis and management.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present here a case of an IOVM in a 59-year-old woman who was treated with a multidisciplinary approach. Superselective arteriography and embolization were effective for diagnosis as well as for prevention of large hemorrhage during surgery. En-bloc resection of the zygoma was performed within hours after embolization and autologous calvarial bone graft was used for primary reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We performed a literature review consisting of reviewing 52 cases of IOVM of the zygoma discussing optimal material for reconstruction of the defect for intraosseous venous malformation of the zygoma nationally and internationally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of surgery and preoperative angiography makes it possible to prevent high risk of hemorrhage. For primary reconstruction of the zygoma, use of autologous calvarial bone can maintain the volume and reconstruct the natural malar contour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Fujigaoka Hospital of Showa University, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aobaku, Yokohamashi, Kanagawa 227-8501, Japan. Electronic address: toshie0602@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Toshie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Fujigaoka Hospital of Showa University, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aobaku, Yokohamashi, Kanagawa 227-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Fujigaoka Hospital of Showa University, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aobaku, Yokohamashi, Kanagawa 227-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Fujigaoka Hospital of Showa University, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aobaku, Yokohamashi, Kanagawa 227-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Fujigaoka Hospital of Showa University, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aobaku, Yokohamashi, Kanagawa 227-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sumiya
keywords: Calvarial bone graft; ISSVA classification; Intraosseous venous malformation; Preoperative arterial embolization; Zygomatic bone