title: Candida glabrata Chorioamnionitis following in vitro Fertilization: Review of the Literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review all past reports of Candida glabrata chorioamnionitis in the literature while noting their correlation with in vitro fertilization (IVF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We checked MEDLINE, PubMed and Google scholar (January 1970 to December 2014) for articles using the search terms 'Candida', 'Torulopsis', 'glabrata', 'chorioamnionitis', 'congenital', 'perinatal' and 'infection'. Case reports were included if they described a verified intrauterine infection with C. glabrata. The authors reviewed the articles and abstracted the data. 20 cases were compared, including a case reported from our institution shortly described in this article.
  
  
  RESULTS
  13 of 20 cases (65%) involved pregnancies achieved by IVF; 3 patients underwent amniocentesis during their pregnancy. Of the 7 cases with no history of IVF, 2 involved a history of cerclage and 2 a history of intrauterine device use. Only 6 infants survived, delivered prematurely by cesarean section.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Review of literature demonstrated a high prevalence of IVF-assisted pregnancies among the few C. glabrata chorioamnionitis cases previously described, typically occurring during the second trimester. Additional cases were notable for additional instrumentation/invasive procedure. The prognosis was mostly grim, entailing a high incidence of stillbirth or rapid neonatal death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.
authors.forename: Hadas
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ganer Herman
authors.forename: Noa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mevorach Zussman
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krajden Haratz
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bar
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sagiv
mesh_terms: D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence