title: Global cognitive performance and frailty in non-demented community-dwelling older adults: Findings from the Sasaguri Genkimon Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the associations of global cognitive performance with frailty and pre-frailty in non-demented community-dwelling older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the baseline survey of the Sasaguri Genkimon Study in 2011. The study sample consisted of 1565 older adults with complete data and no evidence of dementia. Global cognitive performance was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Frailty state was defined using the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, based on five components: unintentional weight loss, low grip strength, exhaustion, low gait speed and low physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total MoCA and MMSE scores, and their domain-specific scores decreased across the non-frail, pre-frail and frail groups. Poorer total MoCA and MMSE scores, as well as their domain-specific scores, were associated with the greater likelihood of being frail, but not with pre-frailty after full adjustment. The strength of the association with frailty was greater for total MoCA score than for total MMSE score. Domain-specific scores for visuospatial abilities and attention domains in both of the MoCA and MMSE were consistently associated with the likelihood of pre-frailty and frailty, even after being mutually adjusted for all domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MoCA performance is more strongly associated with the odds of frailty than the MMSE performance in the relatively functional and non-demented older adult population. The present findings could contribute to further exploration of possible common pathways that can be targeted in the prevention and management for both of these two conditions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●-●●.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Sanmei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Central Research Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nofuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.|Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumagai
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000066492:Cognitive Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000523:psychology*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D057187:Independent Living / Q000523:psychology*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: aging; cognition; community health; frailty; pre-frailty