title: What are the main sources of smoking cessation support used by adolescent smokers in England? A cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent smoking is a worldwide public health concern. Whilst various support measures are available to help young smokers quit, their utilization of cessation support remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2012 Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among Young People survey to quantify the use of seven different types of cessation support by adolescents aged 11-16 in England who reported current smoking and having tried to quit, or ex-smoking. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between participant characteristics and reported use of cessation support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amongst 617 current and ex-smokers, 67.3% (95% CI 63.0-71.2) reported use of at least one cessation support measure. Not spending time with friends who smoke was the most commonly-used measure, reported by 45.4% of participants (95% CI 41.1-49.8), followed by seeking smoking cessation advice from family or friends (27.4%, 95% CI 23.7-31.5) and using nicotine products (15.4%, 95% CI 12.6-18.7). Support services provided by the National Health Service (NHS) were infrequently utilized. Having received lessons on smoking was significantly associated with reported use of cessation support (adjusted OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.02-2.34) and not spending time with friends who smoked (adjusted OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.33-2.95). Students with family members who smoked were more likely to report asking family or friends for help to quit (adjusted OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.07-2.81). Respondents who smoked fewer cigarettes per week were generally less likely to report use of cessation support measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of young smokers reported supported attempts to quit, though the support they used tended to be informal rather than formal. Evidence is needed to quantify the effectiveness of cessation support mechanisms which are acceptable to and used by young smokers.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB, Nottingham, UK. wasifshaikh_14@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wasif
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB, Nottingham, UK. mcxmdnug@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Manjula D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nugawela
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB, Nottingham, UK. lisa.szatkowski@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szatkowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009313:National Health Programs; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012944:Social Support; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder