title: Efficacy and Safety of Pancreatobiliary Endoscopic Procedures during Pregnancy.
abstract: Endoscopic therapy with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been suggested as an effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool for biliary and pancreatic disorders during pregnancy. In this report, we describe our experiences with pancreatobiliary endoscopic procedures during pregnancy.
  
  
  
  We reviewed ERCP and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) procedures that were performed at a single tertiary care referral center between January 2002 and October 2013. Medical records were reviewed for the procedure indication, the duration of fluoroscopy, postprocedure complications, etc. Pregnancy outcomes and fetal complications were identified by chart review and phone calls to patients.
  
  
  
  A total of 10 ERCPs and five EUSs were performed in 13 pregnant patients four of whom underwent the procedure in the first trimester, eight in the second trimester, and one in the third trimester. Indications for endoscopic therapy included gallstone pancreatitis, obstructive jaundice with common bile duct (CBD) stone, asymptomatic CBD stone, pancreatic cyst, choledochal cyst, and acute cholecystitis. Only one patient had a complication, which was postprocedural hyperamylasemia. Two patients underwent an artificial abortion, one according to her own decision and the other due to an adverse drug reaction.
  
  
  
  ERCP seems to be effective and safe for pregnant women. Additionally, EUS can be an alternative to ERCP during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Joon
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Koo
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ga Hee
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Do Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sangsoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dongwan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D013513:Obstetric Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde; Endosonography; Fetus; Pregnancy