title: Immunomodulatory activity and control of Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in the intestinal tract of chickens by Lactobacillus based probiotic.
abstract: Lactobacillus-based probiotics (LBP) are used as competitive exclusion to control pathogenic enterobacterial infections and improve the weight gain in broiler chickens. This study assessed the inhibition of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection in one-week-old broiler chicks, using an experimental LBP containing four Lactobacillus strains isolated from chickens (L. acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. reuteri, L. salivarius). The immunomodulatory effects of this treatment were evaluated, through the analysis of cytokines and influx of macrophages, γδ, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the gut. The intestinal colonization by SE was reduced by 1.8 CFU/g (log10) in chicks treated with LBP (p<0.05). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, LITAF) were significantly reduced in treated chicks (p<0.05), whilst untreated chicks showed elevated inflammatory stimulus and an increased population of CD8(+) T cells in the intestinal mucosa after challenge (p<0.05). Additionally, the LBP stimulated TLR2 expression in caecal tonsils. The adjuvant property of the Lactobacillus cell wall (LCW) was evaluated, demonstrating good capability to stimulate T helper 2 (Th2) cell proliferation. Pretreatment of chicks with LBP decreased the intestinal colonization by SE, minimizing the tissue lesions and inflammation after challenge and showed a potential use as adjuvant with injectable killed vaccines.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine - Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Campus, SP 14884-900, Brazil. Electronic address: rafaelpenha12@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Rafael Antonio Casarin
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Penha Filho
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Campus, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Juliana Acelas
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Campus, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe Santos
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine - Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
authors.forename: Yung-Fu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, SP 18618-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael Lucio
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Andreatti Filho
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Campus, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berchieri Junior
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000276:immunology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: Adjuvant; Cytokine; Fowl paratyphoid; Macrophage; TLR2; Vaccine