title: Leader Behaviors, Group Cohesion, and Participation in a Walking Group Program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Less than half of all U.S. adults meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines. Leader behaviors and group cohesion have been associated with increased participation or adherence in sports team and exercise class settings. Physical activity interventions in community settings that encompass these factors may enhance intervention adherence. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Community Health Promoter leader behaviors and group cohesion on participation in a walking group intervention among racially/ethnically diverse adults in low to moderate-income communities in Detroit, Michigan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for the current study were drawn from the Walk Your Heart to Health (WYHH) data set. WYHH was a multisite cluster RCT with a lagged intervention and outcome measurements at baseline and 4, 8, and 32 weeks. Pooled survey data from both intervention arms were used for the current study. Data were analyzed between August 2013 and October 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 603 non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic adults across five cohorts that began the 32-week WYHH intervention between March 2009 and October 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention was a 32-week walking group program hosted by community- and faith-based organizations and facilitated by Community Health Promoters. Walking groups met three times per week for 90 minutes per session. To promote participation in or adherence to WYHH, Community Health Promoters used evidence-based strategies to facilitate group cohesion. Group members assumed increasing leadership responsibility for facilitating sessions over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participation in WYHH as measured by consistency of attendance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Community Health Promoter leader behaviors were positively associated with participation in WYHH. Social but not task cohesion was significantly associated with consistent participation. Social cohesion may mediate the relationship between leader behaviors and walking group participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing leaders with training to build socially cohesive groups may help motivate individuals to continue participation in community-based physical activity programs.
authors.affiliation: School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. Electronic address: izumibet@pdx.edu.
authors.forename: Betty T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mentz
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Israel
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.affiliation: Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Angela G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Bernadine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoston
authors.affiliation: School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gamboa
authors.affiliation: Friends of Parkside, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Goya
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D058992:Social Participation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016138:Walking