title: Validation of the simplified Chinese version of the quality of life questionnaire of the European foundation for osteoporosis (QUALEFFO-31).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate quality of life questionnaire of the European foundation for osteoporosis (QUALEFFO-31) into a simplified Chinese version, and test its reliability and validity in osteoporosis patients from mainland Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postmenopausal osteoporosis women with history of vertebral fracture were included as cases, and age-matched healthy female were included as controls. All subjects were from mainland China. The simplified Chinese version of QUALEFFO-31 and SF-36 were assigned to the two groups. Reliability was assessed using kappa statistics of agreement for each item and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's α. Pearson's correlation was used to assess convergent and discriminant validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 66 cases and 66 age-matched controls were included. The ICC for the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.76 to 0.91. Cronbach's α for pain, physical function, and mental function domains were 0.94, 0.87, and 0.79, respectively. Convergent validity and discriminant validity showed that each correlation coefficient between score of each item with total score of related domain was higher than that with total score of unrelated domain. Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated significantly high correlations between corresponding domains of QUALEFFO-31 and SF-36.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simplified Chinese version of the QUALEFFO-31 is a reliable and valid outcome measure of functional status in patients with osteoporosis. This Chinese version of the QUALEFFO-31 can be utilized for future clinical studies in mainland China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.|Department of Internal Medicine, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.
authors.forename: Chuanwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.|Department of Internal Medicine, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.
authors.forename: Qianjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Shushu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.|Department of Internal Medicine, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.
authors.forename: Bingjian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, 223300, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, 223300, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China. xiaomingtang2010@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations
keywords: Osteoporosis; Quality of life; Questionnaires; Validation