title: Important Role of Menarche in Development of Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer in African American Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Menarche is a critical time point for diverging fates of mammary cells of origin. African American women have young age at menarche, which could be associated with their high rates of estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the AMBER Consortium, using harmonized data from 4426 African American women with breast cancer and 17 474 controls, we used polytomous logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ages at menarche and first live birth (FLB), and the interval between, in relation to ER+ and ER- breast cancer. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk of ER- breast cancer was reduced with later age at menarche among both parous and nulliparous women (≥15 vs <11 years OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.48 to 0.81 and OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.10, respectively), with no effect of age at FLB. For ER+ breast cancer, the inverse association was weaker among nulliparous women. While longer intervals between menarche and FLB were associated with increased risk of ER+ breast cancer in a dose-response fashion (OR for 20 year interval = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.79, P trend = .003), ER- risk was only increased for intervals up to 14 years and not beyond (P trend = .33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While ER- breast cancer risk was markedly reduced in women with a late age at menarche, there was not a clear pattern of increased risk with longer interval between menarche and FLB, as was observed for ER+ breast cancer. These findings indicate that etiologic pathways involving adolescence and pregnancy may differ for ER- and ER+ breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK). christine.ambrosone@roswellpark.org.
authors.forename: Christine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ambrosone
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zirpoli
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Chi-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Troester
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Elisa V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Bandera
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Pepper
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schedin
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Traci N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Bethea
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Song-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Dhyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Laurence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kolonel
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Andrew F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Olshan
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (CBA, GZ, CCH, SY, DC); University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (MAT, AFO); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (EVB); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (PS); Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, LR, JRP); University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO (VB); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP, LNK).
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001942:Breast Feeding; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008572:Menarche; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D017584:Reproductive History; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen