title: C-terminal neurogranin is increased in cerebrospinal fluid but unchanged in plasma in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biomarkers monitoring synaptic degeneration/loss would be valuable for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. Postsynaptic protein neurogranin may be a promising cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker but has not yet been evaluated as a plasma biomarker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an in-house designed prototype enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) targeting neurogranin C-terminally, we studied neurogranin in paired CSF/plasma samples of controls (n = 29) versus patients experiencing MCI, or dementia, due to AD (in total n = 59).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF neurogranin was increased in AD and positively correlated with CSF tau, whereas there was a negative relationship between CSF neurogranin (and tau) and CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40. No differences were detected in plasma neurogranin between controls and AD. Also, there was no correlation between CSF and plasma neurogranin, excluding confounding effects of the latter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study strengthens the potential of neurogranin as an AD CSF biomarker, which now needs validation in larger studies. As tools, straightforward immunoassays can be used, as demonstrated by the described ELISA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, ADx NeuroSciences, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Vos
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, ADx NeuroSciences, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Struyfs
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fransen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Portelius
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Andreasson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Surgeloose
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Daniëlle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hernalsteen
authors.affiliation: Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sleegers
authors.affiliation: Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robberecht
authors.affiliation: Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Broeckhoven
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sebastiaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engelborghs
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, ADx NeuroSciences, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: eugeen.vanmechelen@adxneurosciences.com.
authors.forename: Eugeen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vanmechelen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051579:Neurogranin / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D016875:tau Proteins; D051579:Neurogranin
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid; CSF biomarker; ELISA; Mild cognitive impairment; Neurogranin; Plasma biomarker; Prognostic biomarker; Ratio amyloid β; tau; γ-secretase