title: Assessment of Arbovirus Surveillance 13 Years after Introduction of West Nile Virus, United States.
abstract: Before 1999, the United States had no appropriated funding for arboviral surveillance, and many states conducted no such surveillance. After emergence of West Nile virus (WNV), federal funding was distributed to state and selected local health departments to build WNV surveillance systems. The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists conducted assessments of surveillance capacity of resulting systems in 2004 and in 2012; the assessment in 2012 was conducted after a 61% decrease in federal funding. In 2004, nearly all states and assessed local health departments had well-developed animal, mosquito, and human surveillance systems to monitor WNV activity and anticipate outbreaks. In 2012, many health departments had decreased mosquito surveillance and laboratory testing capacity and had no systematic disease-based surveillance for other arboviruses. Arboviral surveillance in many states might no longer be sufficient to rapidly detect and provide information needed to fully respond to WNV outbreaks and other arboviral threats (e.g., dengue, chikungunya).
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hadler
authors.forename: Dhara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nasci
authors.forename: Lyle R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Kristy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Etkind
authors.forename: Lilly
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engel
mesh_terms: D001102:Arbovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D001103:Arboviruses; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006296:Health Services; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014902:West Nile virus; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: United States; West Nile virus; arboviruses; capacity building; health departments; mosquito-borne encephalitis; surveillance; vector-borne infections; viruses