title: Enzymatically biomineralized chitosan scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications.
abstract: Porous biodegradable scaffolds represent promising candidates for tissue-engineering applications because of their capability to be preseeded with cells. We report an uncrosslinked chitosan scaffold designed with the aim of inducing and supporting enzyme-mediated formation of apatite minerals in the absence of osteogenic growth factors. To realize this, natural enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was incorporated into uncrosslinked chitosan scaffolds. The uncrosslinked chitosan makes available amine and alcohol functionalities to enhance the biomineralization process. The physicochemical findings revealed homogeneous mineralization, with the phase structure of the formed minerals resembling that of apatite at low mineral concentrations, and similar to dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) with increasing ALP content. The MC3T3 cell activity clearly showed that the mineralization of the chitosan scaffolds was effective in improving cellular adhesion, proliferation and colonization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mamoni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.|Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.|Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sangram K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Samal
authors.affiliation: Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Timothy E L
authors.initials: TEL
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), Imec and Ghent University, Technologiepark 914a, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schaubroeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sander C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leeuwenburgh
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, COMOC, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Der Voort
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tissue Engineering Group, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (6B3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Heidi A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Declercq
authors.affiliation: Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dubruel
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D048271:Chitosan; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: alkaline phosphatase; biomineralization; bone; chitosan; enzyme; osteogenic; scaffolds; tissue engineering