title: Immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus vectors expressing Norwalk virus capsid protein in the presence or absence of VP2 protein.
abstract: Noroviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Development of an effective vaccine is required for reducing their outbreaks. In order to develop a GI norovirus vaccine, Newcastle disease virus vectors, rLaSota and modified rBC, were used to express VP1 protein of Norwalk virus. Co-expression of VP1 and VP2 proteins by Newcastle disease virus vectors resulted in enhanced expression of Norwalk virus VP1 protein and self-assembly of VP1 protein into virus-like particles. Furthermore, the Norwalk virus-specific IgG response induced in mice by Newcastle disease virus vectors was similar to that induced by baculovirus-expressed virus-like particles in mice. However, the modified rBC vector in the presence of VP2 protein induced significantly higher levels of cellular and mucosal immune responses than those induced by baculovirus-expressed VLPs. These results indicate that Newcastle disease virus has great potential for developing a live Norwalk virus vaccine by inducing humoral, cellular and mucosal immune responses in humans.
authors.affiliation: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Shin-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children׳s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Kim Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. Electronic address: ssamal@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Siba K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Samal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics*; D009663:Norwalk virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C121877:Norwalk virus capsid; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Newcastle disease virus; Norwalk virus; VP1 protein; Vaccine; Virus-like particles