title: The mouse radial spoke protein 3 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that promotes neurogenesis.
abstract: Radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3) was first identified in Chlamydomonas as a component of radial spoke, which is important for flagellar motility. The mammalian homolog of the Chlamydomonas RSP3 protein is found to be a mammalian protein kinase A-anchoring protein that binds ERK1/2. Here we show that mouse RSP3 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. The full-length RSP3-EGFP fusion protein is mainly located in the cytoplasm of Chinese hamster ovary cells. However, by using deletion mutants of RSP3, we identified two nuclear localization signals and a nuclear export signal in RSP3. Moreover, using in utero electroporation, we found that overexpression of RSP3 in the developing cerebral cortex promotes neurogenesis. The layer II/III of the neocortex was much thicker in the RSP3-transfected region than that of the untransfected region in the neocortex. We also show that RSP3 is specifically located in the primary cilia of the radial glial cells, where it acts as a signaling mediator that regulates neurogenesis. Thus, our results suggest that RSP3 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein and plays an essential role in neurogenesis.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Runchuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinde
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lingzhen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiutao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yupeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. shantingzhao@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shanting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D016466:CHO Cells; D002923:Cilia; D003412:Cricetulus; D018274:Electroporation; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005865:Gestational Age; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D049790:Nuclear Export Signals; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D049790:Nuclear Export Signals; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins; C491430:RSP3 protein, mouse; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: Cilia; In utero electroporation; Neurogenesis; Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling; RSP3