title: Intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, and recovery in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spine surgery is widely accepted as an effective management for patients with lumbar disc herniation; however, the factors influencing intraoperative procedure and prognosis are not fully understood. The present study was aimed to identify the factors influencing intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, and recovery in patients undergoing spinal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 183 consecutive patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent spine surgery. The clinical characteristics, operation procedure, and outcome were documented and the correlations were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences between one-level and two-level operations in the bleeding volumes of male (P = 0.005) and female (P = 0.002) patients, and in final drainage of male (P = 0.043) and female (P = 0.003) patients. The blood loss was correlated with the operation duration. There were differences in intraoperative bleeding and final drainage between groups with one-level and two-level operations. Additionally, there were differences in intraoperative autologous blood transfusion among various groups. There were significant differences in intraoperative bleeding between autologous blood transfusion and non-transfusion groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The key factors affecting the intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume include operation methods, operation duration, blood-transfusion modes, and usage of anticoagulants. These results should be taken into consideration in the attempt to optimize operation procedure and improve post-operative recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China. dr.haibozou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhongshi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Houfu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Mingsheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jingxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000601:surgery*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D016896:Treatment Outcome