title: Systematic review of the relationship between quick returns in rotating shift work and health-related outcomes.
abstract: A systematic literature search was carried out to investigate the relationship between quick returns (i.e., 11.0 hours or less between two consecutive shifts) and outcome measures of health, sleep, functional ability and work-life balance. A total of 22 studies published in 21 articles were included. Three types of quick returns were differentiated (from evening to morning/day, night to evening, morning/day to night shifts) where sleep duration and sleepiness appeared to be differently affected depending on which shifts the quick returns occurred between. There were some indications of detrimental effects of quick returns on proximate problems (e.g., sleep, sleepiness and fatigue), although the evidence of associations with more chronic outcome measures (physical and mental health and work-life balance) was inconclusive.
  Modern societies are dependent on people working shifts. This study systematically reviews literature on the consequences of quick returns (11.0 hours or less between two shifts). Quick returns have detrimental effects on acute health problems. However, the evidence regarding effects on chronic health is inconclusive.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychosocial Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.|b Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Øystein
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Vedaa
authors.affiliation: c Department of Health Promotion and Development , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: d Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.|e Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bjorvatn
authors.affiliation: d Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.|e Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Siri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waage
authors.affiliation: b Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Bergen , Norway.|h The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health , Bergen , Norway.|i Department of Psychiatry , Helse Fonna HF , Haugesund , Norway.
authors.forename: Børge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sivertsen
authors.affiliation: f Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden.|g Department of Psychology , Swansea University , Swansea , UK.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychosocial Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.|e Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Ståle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pallesen
mesh_terms: D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D011788:Quality of Life; D012890:Sleep; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance
keywords: quick changeover; quick return; short changeover; short recovery