title: Promoter nucleosome dynamics regulated by signalling through the CTD code.
abstract: The phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) plays a key role in delineating transcribed regions within chromatin by recruiting histone methylases and deacetylases. Using genome-wide nucleosome mapping, we show that CTD S2 phosphorylation controls nucleosome dynamics in the promoter of a subset of 324 genes, including the regulators of cell differentiation ste11 and metabolic adaptation inv1. Mechanistic studies on these genes indicate that during gene activation a local increase of phospho-S2 CTD nearby the promoter impairs the phospho-S5 CTD-dependent recruitment of Set1 and the subsequent recruitment of specific HDACs, which leads to nucleosome depletion and efficient transcription. The early increase of phospho-S2 results from the phosphorylation of the CTD S2 kinase Lsk1 by MAP kinase in response to cellular signalling. The artificial tethering of the Lsk1 kinase at the ste11 promoter is sufficient to activate transcription. Therefore, signalling through the CTD code regulates promoter nucleosomes dynamics.
authors.affiliation: URPHYM-GEMO, Namur Research College, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Materne
authors.affiliation: URPHYM-GEMO, Namur Research College, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jayamani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anandhakumar
authors.affiliation: URPHYM-GEMO, Namur Research College, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Migeot
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.affiliation: URPHYM-GEMO, Namur Research College, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yague-Sanz
authors.affiliation: Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.affiliation: URPHYM-GEMO, Namur Research College, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mignion
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quintales
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Antequera
authors.affiliation: URPHYM-GEMO, Namur Research College, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hermand
mesh_terms: D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism*; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D009707:Nucleosomes; D012319:RNA Polymerase II
keywords: HDAC; MAP kinase; RNA polymerase; S. pombe; Set1; chromatin; chromosomes; genes