title: Exploring nursing staffs communication in stressful and non-stressful situations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the factors that characterise the work environment, focusing on communication among nurses in stressful and non-stressful situations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nursing is often described as a stressful occupation. Implementation of change may be an additional stress factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurses and assistant nurses completed a questionnaire from two different perspectives, 'communication in non-stressful situations' and 'communication under stress'. The Systematising Person-Group Relations method was used to gather and analyse the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the two perspectives, 'communication in non-stressful situations' and 'communication under stress', were compared, there were significant differences in 8 of the 12 factors. The stressful situations were characterised by low values in task orientation, caring, criticism, loyalty, acceptance, engagement and empathy; only the factor creativity had higher scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stressful situations were characterised by creative and spontaneous behaviour, not by task orientation and engagement, indicating a potential patient safety risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need to help health-care workers develop more mature analytical and task-oriented behaviours related to both independent work and collaboration in stressful situations. Nursing leadership and organisation must focus on healthy work environments to promote engaged communication in stressful situations, ultimately increasing patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Sør-Trøndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: André
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Sør-Trøndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Sigrun A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Frigstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Torunn H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nøst
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sjøvold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: communication; interaction; nursing; stressful situations; work environment