title: Larvicidal activity of Magnolia denudata seed hydrodistillate constituents and related compounds and liquid formulations towards two susceptible and two wild mosquito species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anopheles sinensis, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes transmit malaria, dengue fever and West Nile virus diseases respectively. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of 17 constituents from Magnolia denudata seed hydrodistillate (MD-SHD) and four experimental MD-SHD liquid formulations (10-50 mg L(-1) liquid) to third-instar larvae from insecticide-susceptible Cx. p. pallens and Ae. aegypti as well as wild Ae. albopictus and An. sinensis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol was the most toxic constituent (LC50 1.98-3.90 mg L(-1)), followed by linoleic acid (7.19-10.49 mg L(-1)), towards larvae of the four mosquito species. High toxicity was also produced by nerolidol, (±)-limonene, α-terpinene and γ-terpinene (LC50 9.84-36.42 mg L(-1)). The toxicity of these compounds was virtually identical towards larvae of the four mosquito species, even though An. sinensis larvae were resistant to deltamethrin and temephos. The MS-SHD 50 mg L(-1) liquid resulted in 92-100% control towards larvae of the four mosquito species, while commercial temephos 200 g L(-1) emulsifiable concentrate was almost ineffective towards An. sinensis larvae (30% mortality).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reasonable mosquito control in the aquatic environment can be achieved by MD-SHD 50 mg L(-1) liquid as a potential larvicide.
authors.affiliation: Entomology Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Zhang-Qian
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Haribalan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perumalsamy
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D031566:Magnolia / Q000737:chemistry*; D009032:Mosquito Control; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Magnolia denudata; botanical larvicide; hydrodistillate; insecticide resistance; mosquito