title: Fixed functional appliances show definite skeletal and dental changes in the short term.
abstract: A meta-analysis of the literature on fixed functional appliances found nine unique data sets (n= 418 patients, mean age = 13.2 years) that fulfilled the criteria. Small but statistically significant changes in SNA, SNB, and ANB occurred, with larger changes in the incisor angulations. The results are compared with a previous meta-analysis on the effects of removable functional appliances by the same team and discussed in regard to their implications for clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Edinburgh Dental Institute, Edinburgh, UK nialljpmcguinness@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Niall
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McGuinness
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional