title: Subregional Hippocampal Morphology and Psychiatric Outcome in Adolescents Who Were Born Very Preterm and at Term.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hippocampus has been reported to be structurally and functionally altered as a sequel of very preterm birth (<33 weeks gestation), possibly due its vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic damage in the neonatal period. We examined hippocampal volumes and subregional morphology in very preterm born individuals in mid- and late adolescence and their association with psychiatric outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structural brain magnetic resonance images were acquired at two time points (baseline and follow-up) from 65 ex-preterm adolescents (mean age = 15.5 and 19.6 years) and 36 term-born controls (mean age=15.0 and 19.0 years). Hippocampal volumes and subregional morphometric differences were measured from manual tracings and with three-dimensional shape analysis. Psychiatric outcome was assessed with the Rutter Parents' Scale at baseline, the General Health Questionnaire at follow-up and the Peters Delusional Inventory at both time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to previous studies we did not find significant difference in the cross-sectional or longitudinal hippocampal volumes between individuals born preterm and controls, despite preterm individual having significantly smaller whole brain volumes. Shape analysis at baseline revealed subregional deformations in 28% of total bilateral hippocampal surface, reflecting atrophy, in ex-preterm individuals compared to controls, and in 22% at follow-up. In ex-preterm individuals, longitudinal changes in hippocampal shape accounted for 11% of the total surface, while in controls they reached 20%. In the whole sample (both groups) larger right hippocampal volume and bilateral anterior surface deformations at baseline were associated with delusional ideation scores at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests a dynamic association between cross-sectional hippocampal volumes, longitudinal changes and surface deformations and psychosis proneness.
authors.affiliation: The Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Filippetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthew P G
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Allin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walshe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kie Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, 4676 Admiralty Way, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Boris A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Gutman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rifkin
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, 4676 Admiralty Way, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nosarti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003702:Delusions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009929:Organ Size; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000523:psychology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult