title: Predicting outcome of status epilepticus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Status epilepticus (SE) is a frequent neurological emergency complicated by high mortality and often poor functional outcome in survivors. The aim of this study was to review available clinical scores to predict outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review. PubMed Search terms were "score", "outcome", and "status epilepticus" (April 9th 2015). Publications with abstracts available in English, no other language restrictions, or any restrictions concerning investigated patients were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two scores were identified: "Status Epilepticus Severity Score--STESS" and "Epidemiology based Mortality score in SE--EMSE". A comprehensive comparison of test parameters concerning performance, options, and limitations was performed. Epidemiology based Mortality score in SE allows detailed individualization of risk factors and is significantly superior to STESS in a retrospective explorative study. In particular, EMSE is very good at detection of good and bad outcome, whereas STESS detecting bad outcome is limited by a ceiling effect and uncertainty of correct cutoff value. Epidemiology based Mortality score in SE can be adapted to different regions in the world and to advances in medicine, as new data emerge. In addition, we designed a reporting standard for status epilepticus to enhance acquisition and communication of outcome relevant data. A data acquisition sheet used from patient admission in emergency room, from the EEG lab to intensive care unit, is provided for optimized data collection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Status Epilepticus Severity Score is easy to perform and predicts bad outcome, but has a low predictive value for good outcomes. Epidemiology based Mortality score in SE is superior to STESS in predicting good or bad outcome but needs marginally more time to perform. Epidemiology based Mortality score in SE may prove very useful for risk stratification in interventional studies and is recommended for individual outcome prediction. Prospective validation in different cohorts is needed for EMSE, whereas STESS needs further validation in cohorts with a wider range of etiologies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Status Epilepticus".
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. Electronic address: markusleitinger@gmx.at.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leitinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalss
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rohracher
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pilz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Höfler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Deak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuchukhidze
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dobesberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakonig
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Austria; University for Medical Informatics and Health Technology, UMIT, Hall in Tirol, Austria. Electronic address: e.trinka@salk.at.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trinka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EMSE; Outcome; Reporting; STESS; Status epilepticus