title: Glycyrrhizic acid attenuated lipid peroxidation induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in rat liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) against hepatic injury induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NTiO2) in rats.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Many recent studies demonstrate that most nanoparticles (NPs) have an adverse or toxic action on liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  NTiO2- intoxicated rats received 300 mg/kg of NTiO2 for 14 days by gavage method. Protection group was pretreated with 10 mg/kg of GA for 7 days before NTiO2 administration. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected as biomarkers in the blood to indicate hepatic injury. Product of lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated for oxidative stress in hepatic injury. Light microscopy for histopathological studies was also done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of NTiO2 induced a significant elevation in plasma AST, ALT and ALP. In the liver, NTiO2 increased the oxidative stress through the increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in SOD and GPx enzymes. Pretreatment of GA significantly decreased ALT, AST and ALP, attenuated the histopathology of hepatic injury, ameliorated oxidative stress in hepatic tissue, and increased the activities of SOD and GPx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that GA effectively protects against NTiO2-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and might be clinically useful (Fig. 4, Ref. 47). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Khorsandi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orazizadeh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mansori
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fakhredini
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C009495:titanium dioxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D014025:Titanium; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: antioxidants.; glycyrrhizic acid; hepatotoxicity; oxidative stress; titanium dioxide nanoparticles