title: Self-Reported Hearing Status Is Associated with Lower Limb Physical Performance, Perceived Mobility, and Activities of Daily Living in Older Community-Dwelling Men and Women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the associations between self-reported hearing problems and physical performance and self-reported difficulties in mobility and activities of daily living (ADLs) in community-dwelling older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men and women aged 75 to 90 (N = 848).
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured face-to-face interviews to assess perceived hearing problems in the presence of noise, mobility difficulties (moving indoors, stair-climbing, 0.5-km walk, 2-km walk), and difficulties in ADLs and instrumental ADLs. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was administered. Age; years of education; cognitive functioning; and self-reported cardiac, circulatory, and locomotor diseases were used as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persons who reported major hearing problems had a lower SPPB total score than those who reported good hearing (mean 9.8 vs 10.9, P = .009), indicating poorer performance, and more difficulties in ADLs (mean 1.8 vs 1.4, P = .002) and IADLs (mean 4.6 vs 3.4, P = .002), after controlling for covariates. They were also more likely to have more difficulty in stair-climbing (odds ratio (OR) = 2.8, P < .001) and walking 2 km (OR = 2.1, P = .003) and tended to have more difficulty in walking 0.5 km (OR = 1.7, P = .05) but not moving indoors (P = .18). Persons who reported only some hearing problems did not differ from those who reported good hearing in any of the variables studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perceived major hearing problems in older adults may contribute to poorer lower limb performance and difficulties in mobility and ADLs. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether poor hearing is a risk factor for decline in physical performance.
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuija M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mikkola
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Hannele
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Polku
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Erja
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-9616
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Portegijs
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rantakokko
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rantanen
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viljanen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D004856:Postural Balance; D057566:Self Report; D016138:Walking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: activity of daily living; aging; hearing; mobility; physical performance