title: Analysis of the Effects of Normal Walking on Ankle Joint Contact Characteristics After Acute Inversion Ankle Sprain.
abstract: To show the causal relationship between normal walking after various lateral ankle ligament (LAL) injuries caused by acute inversion ankle sprains and alterations in ankle joint contact characteristics, finite element simulations of normal walking were carried out using an intact ankle joint model and LAL injury models. A walking experiment using a volunteer with a normal ankle joint was performed to obtain the boundary conditions for the simulations and to support the appropriateness of the simulation results. Contact pressure and strain on the talus articular cartilage and anteroposterior and mediolateral translations of the talus were calculated. Ankles with ruptured anterior talofibular ligaments (ATFLs) had a higher likelihood of experiencing increased ankle joint contact pressures, strains and translations than ATFL-deficient ankles. In particular, ankles with ruptured ATFL + calcaneofibular ligaments and all ruptured ankles had a similar likelihood as the ATFL-ruptured ankles. The push off stance phase was the most likely situation for increased ankle joint contact pressures, strains and translations in LAL-injured ankles.
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: The Center for Joint Disease, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, 160 Ilsimri, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeonnam, 519-809, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: The Center for Joint Disease, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, 160 Ilsimri, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeonnam, 519-809, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Seon
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea. i_jeon@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Insu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Anteroposterior translation; Contact pressure; Contact strain; Finite element simulation; Lateral ankle ligament injury; Mediolateral translation; Walking experiment