title: [Association study between candidate genes on transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway and the risk of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chinese populations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between 10 candidate genes on transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) signaling pathway and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) among Chinese populations, and to study the gene-environment interaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 806 Chinese Han NSCL/P trios were ascertained from an international consortium, which conducted a genome-wide association study using a case-parent trio design to investigate the genes affecting risk to NSCL/P. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to test for effects of 343 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 genes on TGFB signaling pathway including DCN, TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, BAMBI, SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4. The conditional regression models were used to test for gene-environment interaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For TDT, although 19 SNPs showed nominal significant association with NSCL/P, no significant evidence of association was seen for all SNPs in 806 NSCL/P trios after Bonferroni correction. The interactions between genes and maternal smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, alcohol consumption and multi-vitamin supplementation during pregnancy did not attain statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No evidence for SNP effect of genes on TGFB signaling pathway and significant gene-environment interaction was seen in our data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Zhu-qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33305, China.
authors.forename: Yah-huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wu-Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Wuhan University School of Stomatology, Wuhan 430079, China; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-qian
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Shang-zhi
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery,Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266000, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Dong-jing
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Terri H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Beaty
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics*; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015291:Transforming Growth Factors