title: The effects of flow rate and temperature on SPMD measurements of bioavailable PAHs in seawater.
abstract: This work investigates the dependence of the sampling rate (Rs) of semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) on flow rate and temperature. The in situ Rs values were obtained using performance reference compounds (PRCs) with weighted polynomial regression and used to estimate the bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in seawater. The in situ Rs values did not vary with flow rate and temperature. The empirical equation of the Rs value from the SPMDs was established. This infers that PRCs could be avoided by using an established empirical equation under similar field conditions. The sum of the bioavailable PAHs ranged from 0.281 to 0.611ngL(-1) on the eastern side of the Taiwan Strait and from 0.438 to 1.10ngL(-1) on the western side. Distinct sources and toxicity of these bioavailable PAHs were observed and mainly resulted from different types of energy consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 80424 Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wan-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 80424 Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Kuroshio Research Group, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, 80424 Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. Electronic address: linnohc@fac.nsysu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chon-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brimblecombe
authors.affiliation: Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Meng-Der
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kuo-Tung
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013624:Taiwan; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Bioavailability; SPMD; Sampling rate; Taiwan Strait