title: Recovery capabilities of Xenopus laevis after exposure to Cadmium and Zinc.
abstract: The present investigation evaluates the recovery capabilities of Xenopus laevis following 12days of exposure to 30μg CdL(-1) and 1000μg ZnL(-1) alone or mixed, followed by a depuration phase in laboratory conditions. Focused endpoints, which were investigated at different times of depuration, are bioaccumulation of Cd and Zn, micronucleus induction, quantification of metallothioneins (MTs), and expression of genes involved in metal toxicity mechanisms. The results show that at the end of the contamination phase, there was higher metal bioaccumulation capability and MT synthesis in remaining tissues than in the liver. An increased expression of genes involved in detoxification and oxidative stress mechanisms was observed, suggesting an additive effect of both metals and a higher Zn regulation in the liver. During the depuration phase, the results show the recovery capability of Xenopus from 7days of depuration related to metamorphosis processes, which were observed at the end of the experiment. The results confirm the relevance of the amphibian model and the complementarities between a marker of genotoxicity, MT production, bioaccumulation and transcriptional analysis in the evaluation of the ecotoxicological impact. The results also highlight the reversible effects of Cd and Zn toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; CNRS, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. Electronic address: florence.mouchet@ensat.fr.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mouchet
authors.affiliation: Université Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, équipe Ecotoxicologie Aquatique EA, Place du Dr. B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Teaniniuraitemoana
authors.affiliation: Université Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, équipe Ecotoxicologie Aquatique EA, Place du Dr. B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baudrimont
authors.affiliation: Université Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, équipe Ecotoxicologie Aquatique EA, Place du Dr. B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daffe
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; CNRS, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Université Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, équipe Ecotoxicologie Aquatique EA, Place du Dr. B. Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D008668:Metallothionein; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Gene expression; Metallothioneins; Metals; Micronucleus; Xenopus laevis larvae