title: Intake of ruminant trans-fatty acids, assessed by diet history interview, and changes in measured body size, shape and composition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies have suggested that total intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA) is positively associated with changes in body weight and waist circumference, whereas intake of TFA from ruminant dairy and meat products (R-TFA) has not been associated with weight gain. However, these previous studies are limited by self-reported measures of body weight and waist circumference or by a cross-sectional design. The objective of the present study was to investigate if R-TFA intake was associated with subsequent changes in anthropometry (body weight, waist and hip circumference) measured by technicians and body composition (body fat percentage).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-year follow-up study. Information on dietary intake was collected through diet history interviews, and anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance measurements were obtained by trained technicians at baseline (1987-1988) and at follow-up (1993-1994). Multiple regression with cubic spline modelling was used to analyse the data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Copenhagen County, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixty-seven men and women aged 35-65 years from the Danish MONICA (MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular diseases) cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median R-TFA intake was 1.3 g/d (5th, 95th percentile: 0.4, 2.7 g/d) or 0.6% of the total energy intake (5th, 95th percentile: 0.2, 1.1%). No significant associations were observed between R-TFA intake and changes in body weight, waist and hip circumference or body fat percentage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  R-TFA intake within the range present in the Danish population was not significantly associated with subsequent changes in body size, shape or composition and the 95% confidence intervals indicate that any relevant associations are unlikely to have produced these observations.
authors.affiliation: 1Section for Epidemiology,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Bartholins Allé 2,8000 Aarhus C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Camilla P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: 4Research Unit for Dietary Studies,The Parker Institute,Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital,The Capital Region,Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Berit L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Heitmann
authors.affiliation: 3Institute of Preventive Medicine,Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital,The Capital Region,Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Thorkild Ia
authors.initials: TIa
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.affiliation: 1Section for Epidemiology,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Bartholins Allé 2,8000 Aarhus C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.affiliation: 1Section for Epidemiology,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Bartholins Allé 2,8000 Aarhus C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Marianne U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D001835:Body Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D003718:Denmark; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017097:Electric Impedance; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D012418:Ruminants; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids
keywords: Anthropometry; Body composition; Ruminants; Trans-fatty acids