title: Assessment of preparation time with fully-liquid versus non-fully liquid paediatric hexavalent vaccines. A time and motion study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Simplified vaccine preparation steps would save time and reduce potential immunisation errors. The aim of the study was to assess vaccine preparation time with fully-liquid hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP-T, Sanofi Pasteur MSD) versus non-fully liquid hexavalent vaccine that needs reconstitution (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six Health Care Professionals (HCPs) participated in a randomised, cross-over, open-label, time and motion study in Belgium (2014). HCPs prepared each vaccine in a cross-over manner with a wash-out period of 3-5min. An independent nurse assessed preparation time and immunisation errors by systematic review of the videos. HCPs satisfaction and preference were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average preparation time was 36s for the fully-liquid vaccine and 70.5s for the non-fully liquid vaccine. The time saved using the fully-liquid vaccine was 34.5s (p≤0.001). On 192 preparations, 57 immunisation errors occurred: 47 in the non-fully liquid vaccine group (including one missing reconstitution of Hib component), 10 in the fully-liquid vaccine group. 71.9% of HCPs were very or somewhat satisfied with the ease of handling of both vaccines; 66.7% and 67.7% were very or somewhat satisfied with speed of preparation in the fully-liquid vaccine and the non-fully liquid vaccine groups, respectively. Almost all HCPs (97.6%) stated they would prefer the use of the fully-liquid vaccine in their daily practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preparation of a fully-liquid hexavalent vaccine can be completed in half the time necessary to prepare a non-fully liquid vaccine. The simplicity of the fully-liquid hexavalent vaccine preparation helps optimise reduction of immunisation errors.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. Electronic address: ilse.decoster@uantwerpen.be.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Coster
authors.affiliation: Mapi, 27 rue de la Villette, 69003 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fournie
authors.affiliation: Mapi, 27 rue de la Villette, 69003 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.affiliation: Sanofi Pasteur MSD, 162 avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Eddy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ziani
authors.affiliation: Sanofi Pasteur MSD, 162 avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.affiliation: Sanofi Pasteur MSD, 162 avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soubeyrand
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Damme
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001530:Belgium; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D017778:Vaccines, Combined
keywords: Childhood vaccination; Hexavalent vaccine; Immunisation errors; Time–motion study