title: Genetic variants of FADS gene cluster, plasma LC-PUFA levels and the association with cognitive function of under-two-year-old Sasaknese Indonesian children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are regarded as essential for child cognition. Genetic variation in fatty acid (FA) desaturase enzyme (FADS) has been recognized as an important effect modifier in the relation between LC-PUFA and child cognitive function. This study aimed to identify the distribution of genetic variant (genotype) SNP rs174468 and to assess plasma FA and developmental outcome by the genotype among under-2 year old Sasaknese Indonesian children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected at baseline of a randomized trial (NUPICO, clinicaltrials.gov NCT01504633) in East Lombok district, Indonesia. Breastfed, 12- 17 month old children were recruited and 240 subjects were included in the study. Child cognition was assessed as Bayley Mental Developmental Index (MDI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 206 subjects whose blood samples can be collected, only two genotypes were found (90.3% GG homozygotes, 9.7% AG heterozygotes), and minor allele AG was significantly associated with higher level of arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6), n-6 LC-PUFA and FADS1 index. MDI score was associated with a FADS2 index (DHA:EPA ratio) but not genotype (Adjusted R-square= 0.043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FADS2 index was associated with cognitive function. No difference was found between children with GG and AG genotypes who were all breastfed and not low birth weight.
authors.affiliation: Southeast Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Email: umifahmida@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Umi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fahmida
authors.affiliation: Center of Community Health and Population Studies, the Research Institute, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Min Kyaw
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Htet
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adhiyanto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Risatianti
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kolopaking
authors.affiliation: Southeast Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Miza Agria
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yudisti
authors.affiliation: Southeast Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Allay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maududi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Dwi Anita
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Suryandari
authors.affiliation: Southeast Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.|Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Drupadi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.affiliation: Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Afman
authors.affiliation: Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; C000716847:FADS1 protein, human; C533241:FADS2 protein, human