title: Longitudinal development of psychopathology and subjective health status in CHD adults: a 30- to 43-year follow-up in a unique cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine longitudinal changes in psychopathology in a cohort of patients 30-43 years after their first cardiac surgery for Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) in childhood, to compare outcomes of the 30- to 43-year follow-up with normative data, and to identify medical predictors for psychopathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is the third follow-up of this cohort. The first and second follow-ups of this same cohort were conducted in 1990 and 2001, respectively. At all three follow-ups, psychopathology was assessed with standardised, parallel questionnaires. In 2011, subjective health status was assessed by the Short Form-36. Medical predictor variables were derived from medical examinations and medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this third follow-up, a total of 252 patients participated. Of these, 152 patients participated in all three follow-ups. Over a 30-year period, proportions of patients showing psychopathology decreased significantly. At the 30- to 43-year follow-up, overall outcomes on psychopathology for the CHD sample were similar or even better compared with normative groups. Subjective health status was also better compared with normative data. No differences were found between cardiac diagnostic groups. Medical variables that predicted the course of psychopathology over time were as follows: the scar, as judged by the patient, results of the first cardiac surgery, and the number of hospitalisations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over a 30-year period, psychopathology decreased in patients with CHD. Levels of psychopathology in these patients, who are now aged between 30 and 54 years, were comparable or even better than normative data.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Cardiology,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Opić
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Cardiology,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jolien W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Roos-Hesselink
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Cardiology,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith A A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cuypers
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Cardiology,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witsenburg
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Cardiology,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van den Bosch
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Cardiology,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Domburg
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ad J J C
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bogers
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology,Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital,Rotterdam,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elisabeth M W J
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Utens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D057566:Self Report
keywords: CHD; long-term follow-up; longitudinal; psychopathology; quality of life