title: Comparison of Neurological and Cognitive Deficits in Children With ADHD and Anxiety Disorders.
abstract: To compare the neuro-cognitive profiles among initial clinic referred medication naive sample of children with anxiety disorders (ANXs) and ADHD in a youth sample.
  
  
  
  Three groups of patients, ANX ( n = 40), ADHD ( n = 48), and ANX + ADHD ( n = 33), aged 7 to 12 years, were compared with respect to their Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS) and cognitive measures (digit span, digit symbol, Trail Making Test [TMT]-A and TMT-B, Stroop test).
  
  
  
  ADHD group performed worse than the other two groups with regard to soft signs and cognitive test performance; ANX + ADHD were impaired relative to ANX but better than ADHD. Significant differences were found for gait and station problems, overflows and timed movements, TMT error points, and Stroop interference scores. ADHD patients had more difficulty in warding off irrelevant responses and lower speed of time-limited movements.
  
  
  
  This clinical evaluation study suggested that ANX and ADHD seem to have significantly different neuro-cognitive features: Poorest outcomes were observed among children with ADHD; rather than problems of attention, inhibitory control deficits were the most prominent differences between ANX and ADHD; and the presence of ANX appears to have mitigating effect on ADHD-related impairments.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.|3 Fogarty International Center Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Program, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Pınar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yurtbaşı
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seçil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aldemir
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meryem Gül
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Teksin Bakır
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Şule
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Aktaş
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma Betül
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Ayvaz
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, Turgut Özal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Şeyma
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Piştav Satılmış
authors.affiliation: 3 Fogarty International Center Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Program, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kerim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Münir
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D057190:Stroop Test
keywords: ADHD; PANESS; Stroop; TMT; anxiety