title: Evidence of Insulin Resistance and Other Metabolic Alterations in Boys with Duchenne or Becker Muscular Dystrophy.
abstract: Aim. Our aim was (1) to determine the frequency of insulin resistance (IR) in patients with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD), (2) to identify deleted exons of DMD gene associated with obesity and IR, and (3) to explore some likely molecular mechanisms leading to IR. Materials and Methods. In 66 patients with DMD/BMD without corticosteroids treatment, IR, obesity, and body fat mass were evaluated. Molecules involved in glucose metabolism were analyzed in muscle biopsies. Results show that 18.3%, 22.7%, and 68% were underweight, overweight, or obese, and with high adiposity, respectively; 48.5% and 36.4% presented hyperinsulinemia and IR, respectively. Underweight patients (27.3%) exhibited hyperinsulinemia and IR. Carriers of deletions in exons 45 (OR = 9.32; 95% CI = 1.16-74.69) and 50 (OR = 8.73; 95% CI = 1.17-65.10) from DMD gene presented higher risk for IR than noncarriers. We observed a greater staining of cytoplasmic aggregates for GLUT4 in muscle biopsies than healthy muscle tissue. Conclusion. Obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and IR were observed in DMD/BMD patients and are independent of corticosteroids treatment. Carriers of deletion in exons 45 or 50 from DMD gene are at risk for developing IR. It is suggested that alteration in GLUT4 in muscle fibers from DMD patients could be involved in IR.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Apartado Postal C-029 C. S.P.I. "Coahuila", Coahuila No. 5, Colonia Roma, 06703 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maricela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Apartado Postal C-029 C. S.P.I. "Coahuila", Coahuila No. 5, Colonia Roma, 06703 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Electrodiagnóstico y Distrofia Muscular, Instituto Nacional de la Rehabilitación, México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Apartado Postal C-029 C. S.P.I. "Coahuila", Coahuila No. 5, Colonia Roma, 06703 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Oriana Del Rocío
authors.initials: Odel R
authors.lastname: Cruz-Guzmán
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Apartado Postal C-029 C. S.P.I. "Coahuila", Coahuila No. 5, Colonia Roma, 06703 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mardia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Alarcón
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Apartado Postal C-029 C. S.P.I. "Coahuila", Coahuila No. 5, Colonia Roma, 06703 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernabe García
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 México City, Mexico ; Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, San Lorenzo 502 (2 Piso), Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100 México City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coral-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Apartado Postal C-029 C. S.P.I. "Coahuila", Coahuila No. 5, Colonia Roma, 06703 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matute
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Velázquez Wong