title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may distinguish gallbladder adenoma from cholesterol polyps: a prospective case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to find the independent risk factors related with gallbladder (GB) adenoma compared to cholesterol polyp by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2010 and September 2014, a total of 122 consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy for GB polypoid lesions were enrolled. Before cholecystectomy, each patient underwent conventional US and CEUS examination and all image features were documented. The patients were divided into adenoma group and cholesterol polyp group according to the pathological findings. All the image features between two groups were statistically compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were differences in patient age, lesion size, echogenicity, and vascularity of lesion between two groups (P < 0.05). There were differences in stalk width and enhancement intensity between the two groups (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis proved that enhancement intensity, stalk of lesion, and vascularity were the independent risk factors related with GB adenoma (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEUS could offer useful information to distinguish adenoma from cholesterol polyp. The treatment algorithm for gallbladder polyp lesions would likely benefit from CEUS as a routine imaging investigation, especially in cases where the polyp is larger than 1 cm.
authors.affiliation: Ultrasound Department, PLA General Hospital, NO.28 Fu Xiang Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: Surgery Department, PLA General Hospital, NO.28 Fu Xiang Road, Beijing, 100853, China. lvwenping301@126.com.
authors.forename: Wen-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Ultrasound Department, PLA General Hospital, NO.28 Fu Xiang Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Kun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Ultrasound Department, PLA General Hospital, NO.28 Fu Xiang Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Ultrasound Department, PLA General Hospital, NO.28 Fu Xiang Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, PLA General Hospital, NO.28 Fu Xiang Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Huai-Yin
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Ultrasound Department, PLA General Hospital, NO.28 Fu Xiang Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Hong-tian
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Gallbladder adenoma; Gallbladder polyp