title: Liverubin (standardized silymarin) in the supplementary management of functional, temporary hepatic damage. A pilot, registry, study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mild, temporary hepatic failure (MTHF) may be completely asymptomatic or cause minimal signs and symptoms. This common clinical problem is very diffuse and, in case of repeated episodes may cause a chronic impairment in liver function. The aim of this registry was to evaluate the evolution of MTHF in subjects using Liverubin (a new standardized Silymarin preparation) over a 4-week period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with MTHF were observed in a registry study. In all subjects viral hepatitis markers were negative at inclusion. Different possible causes of MTHF had been considered, documented or excluded. The role of alcohol was mainly as a "facilitator" and not definitely determinant as a single factor in causing the MTHF episode. The registry included patients with MTHF characterized by: decreased albumin levels; increased total bilirubin; altered hepatic functions enzymes; increased oxidative stress. Two management groups were created: a. standard management (SM) only; b: SM and Liverubin; 25 Liverubin patients and 23 SM subjects completed the registry. The average follow-up period was 32.2;1.3 days in the supplement group and 32.1;2 days in controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of symptoms and ultrasound results were comparable. Most symptoms observed at inclusion were disappeared or attenuated at 4 weeks in both groups. At inclusion, the values in the two groups were comparable. The increase in albumin levels was significantly (P<0.05 at 4 weeks) faster and the final values were higher in the Liverubin group. Total bilirubin was reduced in the supplement group better than in controls (P<0.05). Direct bilirubin values improved more in the supplement group at 4 weeks (P<0.05). The decrease of ALT-SGPT and AST-ASAT was more evident in the supplement group (P<0.05). Improvement in controls was more limited. Alkaline phosphatase value was normalized at 4 weeks in Liverubin patients; values decreased less in controls (P<0.05). Gamma GT decreased and were normal at 4 weeks with Liverubin. ESR was decreased in both groups (significantly more in the Liverubin group: P<0.05). There was a less important decrease in controls without normalization at 4 weeks. The white cell count was also better at 4 weeks in the supplement group; P<0.05). Plasma free radicals were significantly elevated in both groups at inclusion. A more significant decrease in the supplement group was observed at 4 weeks. Persisting, elevated values were seen in controls (P<0.05 in comparison with normal range). Platelets values improved in the Liverubin group (P<0.05) better than in controls. All other blood tests values (including hematocrit, renal function tests) were within the normal range at inclusion and at 4 weeks in both groups. Hepatitis markers were negative at inclusion and at 4 weeks. Compliance. Ninety-six percent of the Liverubin capsules were correctly used. Safety and tolerability were optimal (no side effect was registered).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, data from this pilot, registry study indicate a significant activity of Liverubin associated with a very good safety profile, in patients with temporary hepatic failure. The recovery of hepatic function is faster and more effective with Liverubin compared to the best "standard" management.
authors.affiliation: Irvine3 labs & PAP/PEA Screening Project and the International Irvine Network, San Valentino, Pescara, Italy - cardres@abol.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belcaro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gizzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dugall
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ledda
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cornelli
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cesarone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luzzi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D034141:Hypoalbuminemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012838:Silymarin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations; D012838:Silymarin; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000637:Transaminases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase