title: Tolerance and Safety of 5 Models of Sedation During Endobronchial Ultrasound.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sedation during endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is essential due to the long duration of this procedure. We evaluated different models of sedation and their complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter, prospective, observational study of 307 patients undergoing EBUS was conducted. Patients were sedated with: a) midazolam bolus; b) propofol infusion; c) midazolam bolus and propofol infusion; d) propofol infusion and remifentanil infusión, or e) midazolam bolus and fentanyl bolus, and clinical variables were collected. Patients were asked to complete a satisfaction survey following the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients per sedation model were: A 24, B 37, C 107, D 62 and E 77. Scores for perceived sensations of recall, pain, cough, dyspnea and prolonged examination (0.65±1.11; 0 3±0.73, 0.46±0.9, 0.29±0.73, and 0.59±0.96, respectively) were lower compared to fear and nervousness before the examination (1.26±1.37 and 1.5±1.41, respectively). High levels of indifference to repeating the procedure (1.49±1.3) and a reported pleasant feeling during the test (1.23±1.17), with low levels of anxiety (0.49±0.85) and discomfort (0.62±1.1), show that different models of sedation were well tolerated. Almost half the patients (46.6%) did not report any "worst moment" during the procedure, and 89.6% were willing to undergo a repeat test. The E and C models presented fewest complications (12.9 and 31.7%, respectively), and all were resolved with simple therapeutic measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The models of sedation evaluated were well tolerated and most patients were willing to undergo repeat EBUS. Complications were few and easily resolved.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España. Electronic address: cases_enr@gva.es.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cases Viedma
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España; Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andreo García
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flandes Aldeyturriaga
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Reig Mezquida
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briones Gómez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vila Caral
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Iker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernández-Navamuel Basozabal
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Carmen Ángela
authors.initials: CÁ
authors.lastname: Centeno Clemente
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campo Campo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Estefanía
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez Martínez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanchis Moret
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjón Pérez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez Yepes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects; D054810:Deep Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives
keywords: Ecobroncoscopia; Endobronchial ultrasound; Fentanilo; Fentanyl; Midazolam; Propofol; Remifentanil; Remifentanilo; Sedación; Sedation