title: Differentiation of Whole Grain from Refined Wheat (T. aestivum) Flour Using Lipid Profile of Wheat Bran, Germ, and Endosperm with UHPLC-HRAM Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: A comprehensive analysis of wheat lipids from milling fractions of bran, germ, and endosperm was performed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution accurate-mass multistage mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRAM-MS(n)) with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in both positive and negative modes. About 155 lipid compounds, including free fatty acids (FA), oxylipins, alk(en)ylresorcinols (ARs), γ-oryzanol, sphingolipids, triglycerides (TGs), diglycerides (DGs), phospholipids, and galactolipids were characterized from the three milling fractions. Galactolipids and phospholipids were proposed to be potential discriminatory compounds for refined flour, whereas γ-oryzanols, ARs, TGs, and DGs could distinguish whole wheat flour from a refined one based on principal component analysis (PCA).
authors.affiliation: Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harnly
authors.affiliation: Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis*; D056625:Endosperm / Q000737:chemistry*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067348:Whole Grains / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D008055:Lipids
keywords: APCI; ESI; PCA; UHPLC; alk(en)ylresorcinols; galactolipid; phospholipid; sphingolipid; triglyceride; whole grain; γ-oryzanol