title: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related factors in solid tumor and hematological malignancy.
abstract: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays pivotal roles in regulatory mechanisms of embryogenesis and wound healing physiologically, and organ fibrosis, cancer progression, and metastasis pathologically. EMT is classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary during embryonic development. EMT contributes to repair of tissue injury and fibrogenesis by re-epithelialization and regeneration of fibroblasts, respectively. The hallmarks of EMT include loss of contact inhibition, remodeling of extracellular matrix, and reorganization of cytoskeleton, along with expression of mesenchymal markers and reduction of epithelial markers. Cancer cells acquire stemness, migration and invasive capability, evade apoptosis, and initiate metastasis to distant organs. Several EMT regulators including Snail, Zeb1, Zeb2, and Twist in solid tumor and Sox4, distal-less homeobox gene 4 (DLX4), Prdm14, Bmi1, and the forkhead box family in hematological malignancy are reviewed with regard to their signaling pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and clinical interactions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lo-Hsu Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Luodong, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: mhyang2@vghtpe.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Muh-Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D004260:DNA Repair; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1 / Q000502:physiology; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C069077:BMI1 protein, human; C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
keywords: epithelial–mesenchymal transition; hematological malignancy; solid tumor; transcription factor