title: Membrane-based microextraction techniques in analytical chemistry: A review.
abstract: The use of membrane-based sample preparation techniques in analytical chemistry has gained growing attention from the scientific community since the development of miniaturized sample preparation procedures in the 1990s. The use of membranes makes the microextraction procedures more stable, allowing the determination of analytes in complex and "dirty" samples. This review describes some characteristics of classical membrane-based microextraction techniques (membrane-protected solid-phase microextraction, hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction and hollow-fiber renewal liquid membrane) as well as some alternative configurations (thin film and electromembrane extraction) used successfully for the determination of different analytes in a large variety of matrices, some critical points regarding each technique are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: eduardo.carasek@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carasek
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josias
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merib
keywords: Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction; Hollow-fiber renewal liquid membrane; Membrane-based techniques; Sample preparation; Solid-phase microextraction