title: Karyotypic assignment of Sri Lankan Anopheles culicifacies species B and E does not correlate with cytochrome oxidase subunit I and microsatellite genotypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The identification of species B and E in the Anopheles culicifacies complex in the Indian subcontinent has been based on Y-chromosome karyotype. Since no detectable variations were previously found in DNA markers commonly used for sibling species identification, further molecular characterization using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and microsatellite markers was carried out on Y-chromosome karyotyped Anopheles culicifacies specie B and E from Unnichchai, Kallady and Ranawarunawa in Sri Lanka.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COI sequence analysis (n = 22) revealed the presence of nine unique haplotypes with six in each species. Three haplotypes were shared by both species. The two sibling species had a pairwise FST value of 1.338 (p < 0.05) with the number of migrants (Nm) value <1. The genetic structure analysis resulted in two genetic clusters not 100% associated with karyotypes. While none of the species B were incorrectly assigned two were inconclusive. Five out of 26 specimens karyotyped as species E were incorrectly assigned, while further 9 were inconclusive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new molecular data support the existence of two genetically different populations of the Culicifacies Complex in Sri Lanka that are not associated with the Y-chromosome karyotype. Detailed analysis with more microsatellite markers and assortative mating experiments are needed to establish the presence of the two genetically distinct populations and relate them to Y-chromosome morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 40000, Sri Lanka. noble@jfn.ac.lk.|Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. noble@jfn.ac.lk.
authors.forename: Sinnathamby N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Surendran
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. trueloven@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Truelove
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. dkbiotek@gmail.com.|Regional Medical Research Centre, NE region (ICMR), Dibrugarh, 786001, Assam, India. dkbiotek@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Devojit K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sarma
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 40000, Sri Lanka. pjustinjude@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pavilupillai J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jude
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK. ranjan.ramasamy@anglia.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ranjan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 40000, Sri Lanka. gayan156@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kanapathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gajapathy
authors.affiliation: Regional Office, Anti Malaria Campaign, Hambantota, 82000, Sri Lanka. lalanthikaperis@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Lalanthika B S
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Peiris
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka. shppkaru@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: S H P Parakrama
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Karunaratne
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. catherine.walton@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008288:Malaria / Q000635:transmission; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D013188:Sri Lanka
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV