title: The Effectiveness of Public Simulated Oral Examinations in Preparation for the American Board of Surgery Certifying Examination: A Systematic Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether American Board of Surgery Certifying Examination (CE) performance is improved among residents who prepare using simulated oral examinations (SOEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched using predefined search terms. No language restrictions were imposed and the latest search date was in November 2014. Included studies must have reported on residents training in a general surgery residency in the United States who used SOEs to prepare for the CE and have measured their performance against those without exposure to SOEs. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and a fixed effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the net effect of SOEs on CE performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 4 of 25 abstracts reviewed met inclusion criteria and are included in this review. The most common simulation format included public examinations in front of resident peers during scheduled education sessions. All 4 included studies trended toward improved performance with SOEs and in 2 of these studies the improvement was statistically significant. Overall, 3 studies were of adequate quality to perform a meta-analysis and demonstrated a relative risk for first-attempt CE success of 1.22 (95% CI: 1.07-1.39, p = 0.003) for residents preparing with SOEs compared to those without SOEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The published literature evaluating SOEs is limited and generally of fair quality. A modest improvement in CE performance was identified when public SOEs were used as an educational tool aimed to improve professionalism and communication skills, encourage reading at home, and provide a regular review of clinically relevant topics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York. Electronic address: christopher.pennell@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pennell
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCulloch
mesh_terms: D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D013044:Specialty Boards; D014481:United States
keywords: American Board of Surgery; Interpersonal and Communication Skills; Medical Knowledge; Mock; Professionalism; Simulation; certifying examination; education; oral examination