title: A morpholinium ionic liquid for cellulose dissolution.
abstract: A series of substituted morpholinium ionic salts and allyl ammonium acetates were prepared. Amongst those, N-allyl-N-methylmorpholinium acetate ([AMMorp][OAc]) was found to dissolve cellulose readily without any pre-processing of native cellulose. At 120°C, [AMMorp][OAc] could dissolve 30 wt%, 28 wt% and 25 wt% of cellulose with degree of polymerization (DPn) - 789, 1644 and 2082 respectively, in 20 min. Importantly, SEC analysis indicated that no discernible changes occurred in terms of the degree of polymerization of the different celluloses after regeneration. Furthermore, when comparing the cellulose dissolution capability of these newly synthesized ionic liquids, it is evident that the combination of all three constituents - the morpholinium cation, the existence of an allyl group and choosing the acetate anion are essential for efficient cellulose dissolution. The structure and morphology of the regenerated cellulosic materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, TGA, CP/MAS (13)C NMR and FTIR, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, Chemical-Biology Centre, Technical Chemistry, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: dileepraut.15@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dilip G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Raut
authors.affiliation: Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, Chemical-Biology Centre, Technical Chemistry, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: ola.sundman@chem.umu.se.
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sundman
authors.affiliation: Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, Chemical-Biology Centre, Technical Chemistry, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: swqshy@163.com.
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland. Electronic address: pvirtane@abo.fi.
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.affiliation: Åbo Akademi University, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemsitry Centre, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland. Electronic address: ysugano@abo.fi.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.affiliation: Microelectronics and Materials Physics Laboratories, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, FIN-90014, Finland. Electronic address: lapy@ee.oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Krisztian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kordas
authors.affiliation: Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, Chemical-Biology Centre, Technical Chemistry, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland. Electronic address: Jyri-Pekka.Mikkola@chem.umu.se.
authors.forename: Jyri-Pekka
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mikkola
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009025:Morpholines / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D009025:Morpholines; C054392:2-(N-methylmorpholinium)ethyl acetate; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Acetate; Allyl; Cellulose; Dissolution; Ionic liquid; Morpholinium