title: Fast cerebral flow territory mapping using vessel encoded dynamic arterial spin labeling (VE-DASL).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whole-brain territory mapping using planning-free vessel-encoded pseudocontinuous arterial-spin-labeling (VE-pCASL) takes approximately 5 min, which is frequently considered too long for standard clinical protocols. In this study, vessel-encoded dynamic-ASL (VE-DASL) is optimized to achieve fast (< 30 s) cerebral flow territory mapping, especially aimed for the acute setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  VE-DASL is based on the creation of a continuous stream of magnetically labeled or unlabeled blood with different encoding patterns for each feeding artery, whose inflow into the brain tissue is monitored continuously. This approach leads to unique signal fluctuation within each flow territory, enabling reconstruction of individual flow territories by means of clustering techniques followed by linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VE-DASL was implemented and validated both as single slice and whole-brain method. In vivo results showed reasonable agreement with the "gold-standard" reference maps obtained from VE-pCASL. The Dice similarity coefficient which represents the fractional overlap between VE-DASL and "gold-standard" VE-pCASL territories ranged from 83.4% to 87.7% for the right internal cerebral artery (RICA), 81.7% to 83.1% for the left internal cerebral artery (LICA) and 64.3% to 71.8% for the vertebral arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VE-DASL has the potential to map the main flow territories with whole-brain coverage in a short scan duration (∼30 s).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for high field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Xingxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for high field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eidrees
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghariq
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nolan S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hartkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for high field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for high field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.|Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthias J P
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Osch
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016014:Linear Models; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: acute stroke; arterial spin labeling; cerebral flow territory mapping; vessel encoded pCASL; vessel-encoded dynamic arterial spin labeling