title: Mood regulation in bipolar disorders viewed through the pendulum dynamics concept.
abstract: Bipolar disorders have been characterized by powerful fluctuations of energy, mood, and thinking patterns. Mood episodes (manic or depressive) could be considered as deviations of a psycho-physiological index above or below a conventionally defined value called 'normothymia'. In the present study, we analyzed the feedback techniques used to suppress the oscillatory activity exhibited on an inverted pendulum device. Subsequently, we examine the degree that this multimodal feedback design could be considered on a hypothetical pendulum where the mood plays the role of the suspended mass, and the force balance compensation circuitry is substituted by drug-specific therapeutic interventions. The study does not concern a model of bipolar illness that could simulate numerically various phases of mood episodes but focuses on the functional similarities regarding the correction treatments applied on the two different oscillating systems giving a potential perspective of how techniques of feedback control may enhance the conceptualization of the treatment schemes followed in recent guidelines for biological treatment of bipolar disorders. Our theoretical consideration, along with observations on clinical level, gives support to the concept that the compensation of the mood oscillations should be adaptive with selective therapeutic interventions that compensate the excited system in different time scales.
authors.affiliation: Signal Processing Laboratory, University Mental Health Research Institute, 2 Soranou Efessiou, Athens, 115 27, Greece, eliaskoutsoukos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koutsoukos
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angelopoulos