title: Sublethal effects of epoxiconazole on the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica.
abstract: Earthworms play a key role in agroecosystem soil processes. This study aims to assess the effects of different doses of a commercial formulation of epoxiconazole (Opus®), a persistent and widely used fungicide, on the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica. A laboratory study was conducted in a natural soil in order to measure effects of Opus® on earthworm mortality, uptake, weight gain, enzymatic activities (catalase and glutathione-S-transferase), and energy resources (lipids and glycogens). The estimated LC50 was 45.5 mg kg(-1), or 268 times the recommended dose. Weight gains were 28, 19, and 13% of the initial weight after 28 days of exposure in the control and D1 and D10 (1 and 10 times the recommended dose) treatments, respectively. No difference was observed for catalase activity between the three treatments, at 7, 14, or 28 days. The glutathion-S-transferase (GST) activity was two times as high in D1 as in D0 at 14 days. At 28 days, glycogen concentration was lower in D10 than in the D1 treatment. This study highlighted moderate sublethal effects of the commercial formulation Opus® for earthworms. Considering that these effects were observed on a species found in cultivated fields, even at recommended rates, much more attention should be paid to this pesticide.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France. celine.pelosi@versailles.inra.fr.|AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France. celine.pelosi@versailles.inra.fr.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pelosi
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France.|AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lebrun
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France.|AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beaumelle
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France.|AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.|Plateforme Biochem-Env, INRA, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles cedex, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cheviron
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France.|AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delarue
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France.|AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nélieu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014230:Triazoles; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C109476:epoxiconazole
keywords: Biochemical biomarkers; Ecotoxicology; Epoxiconazole; Fungicide; Mortality