title: Clinicopathologic and outcome features of superficial high-grade and deep low-grade squamous cell carcinomas of the penis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinicopathologic and outcome features of superficial high-grade and deep low-grade penile squamous cell carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a retrospectively-collected series of patients with penile cancer we identified 41 cases corresponding to 12 superficial high-grade tumors and 29 deep low-grade tumors. As outcomes we evaluated inguinal lymph node status, presence of tumor relapse, final nodal status, and cancer-specific death. Follow-up ranged from 0.8 to 386.7 months (mean 152.5 months, median 157.3 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinicopathologic features were similar between superficial high-grade and deep low-grade tumors, except for a tendency (Fisher's exact [Formula: see text]) of the former to include tumors with a verruciform pattern of growth. A significantly higher proportion of inguinal lymph node metastasis was found in superficial high-grade tumors compared to deep low-grade tumors [4/5 (80%) vs. 1/5 (20%) respectively, Fisher's exact [Formula: see text]]. No significant differences were found regarding tumor relapse (Fisher's exact [Formula: see text]), final nodal status (Mantel-Cox's [Formula: see text]), or cancer-related death (Mantel-Cox's [Formula: see text]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with superficial high-grade tumors had a significantly higher proportion of inguinal lymph node metastasis compared to patients with deep low-grade tumors. On this regard, prophylactic inguinal lymphadenectomy might be indicated in cases of superficial tumors with high-grade histology while in deeply invasive low-grade penile carcinomas a more conservative approach may be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Scientific Research, Norte University, Gral. Santos e/25 de Mayo, Asunción, Paraguay ; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica, Asunción, Paraguay.
authors.forename: Alcides
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaux
keywords: Anatomical level; Histological grade; Outcome; Penile cancer; Prognostic factors; Squamous cell carcinoma