title: Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin to Creatinine Ratio: A Novel Index for Steroid Response in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find the value of urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in differentiating steroid response in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 52 children with INS (n = 27, steroid resistant; n = 25, steroid responsive) aged 1-16 y, along with 18 healthy control children were enrolled in this study. Urine NGAL as well as urine protein, and serum creatinine were analyzed during active phase of INS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum creatinine (P 0.032), and urine NGAL/Cr (P 0.001) were significantly higher in steroid resistant than steroid sensitive patients. The optimal cutoff value for urine NGAL/Cr with the highest sensitivity and specificity was 0.46 ng/mg and cut off value of 0.01 and 1.15 ng/mg had maximum sensitivity and specificity, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine NGAL/Cr could be considered as a marker of steroid resistance in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Iran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nickavar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gorgan University Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Safaeian26@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Baranak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Safaeian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zahedan University Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadeghi-Bojd
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Iran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lahouti Harah dashti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D000071068:Lipocalin-2 / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005938:Glucocorticoids; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Creatinine; Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome; NGAL; Steroids