title: Interactions of 1D- and 2D-layered inorganic nanoparticles with fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the effects of tungsten disulfide nanotubes (WSNTs) and molybdenum disulfide nanoplatelets (MSNPs) on fibroblasts (NIH-3T3) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to determine safe dosages for potential biomedical applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxicity of MSNPs and WSNTs (5-300 μg/ml) on NIH-3T3 and MSCs was assessed at 6, 12 or 24 h. MSC differentiation to adipocytes and osteoblasts was assessed following treatment for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only NIH-3T3 cells treated with MSNPs showed dose or time dependent increase in cytotoxicity. Differentiation markers of MSCs in treated groups were unaffected compared with untreated controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSNPs and WSNTs at concentrations less than 50 µg/ml are potentially safe for treatment of fibroblasts or MSCs for up to 24 h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Rm 115, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA.
authors.forename: Jason Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rashkow
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Rm 115, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA.
authors.forename: Yahfi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Talukdar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Rm 115, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lalwani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Rm 115, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA.
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sitharaman
mesh_terms: D004220:Disulfides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D017973:Tungsten Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; D008982:Molybdenum; C082964:molybdenum disulfide
keywords: cytotoxicity; differentiation; inorganic nanoparticles; stem cells; tissue engineering; uptake