title: Large Cellular Inclusions Accumulate in Arabidopsis Roots Exposed to Low-Sulfur Conditions.
abstract: Sulfur is vital for primary and secondary metabolism in plant roots. To understand the molecular and morphogenetic changes associated with loss of this key macronutrient, we grew Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings in low-sulfur conditions. These conditions induced a cascade of cellular events that converged to produce a profound intracellular phenotype defined by large cytoplasmic inclusions. The inclusions, termed low-sulfur Pox, show cell type- and developmental zone-specific localization. Transcriptome analysis suggested that low sulfur causes dysfunction of the glutathione/ascorbate cycle, which reduces flavonoids. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicated that low-sulfur Pox are the result of peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of quercetin in roots grown under sulfur-depleted conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (T.L.J., G.W.B., F.R.W., V.A.P., P.N.B.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 (J.M.).
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-6411
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (T.L.J., G.W.B., F.R.W., V.A.P., P.N.B.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 (J.M.).
authors.forename: Ginger W
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-9875
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (T.L.J., G.W.B., F.R.W., V.A.P., P.N.B.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 (J.M.).
authors.forename: Floyd R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-2919
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Wilks
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (T.L.J., G.W.B., F.R.W., V.A.P., P.N.B.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 (J.M.).
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Popov
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (T.L.J., G.W.B., F.R.W., V.A.P., P.N.B.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 (J.M.).
authors.forename: Jaideep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (T.L.J., G.W.B., F.R.W., V.A.P., P.N.B.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 (J.M.) philip.benfey@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Philip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Benfey
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009154:Mutation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011794:Quercetin / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005961:Glucosinolates; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D013431:Sulfates; D013455:Sulfur; D011794:Quercetin; D009195:Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione