title: Components of the metabolic syndrome in early childhood in very-low-birth-weight infants and term small and appropriate for gestational age infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm born infants have an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome components already in childhood. Our recent study in 2-y-old very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants was limited by the absence of a control group of term born children. We compared the metabolic syndrome components in early childhood in VLBW and term SGA infants to term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 38 VLBW children and 82 term born children (64 AGA/18 SGA). HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin were measured in blood samples taken at 1 y (term children) and 2 y (all children) of (corrected) age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 y corrected age, VLBW children have lower BMI and higher glucose level compared to AGA children. SGA children have lower BMI at 1 and 2 y of age and a high prevalence of high triglyceride levels at 1 y of age compared to AGA children. Total body fat is a significant determinant of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides and birth weight is a significant determinant of glucose at 2 y corrected age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In early childhood, VLBW and term SGA children already have a high prevalence of some metabolic syndrome components compared to term AGA children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1820-3511
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cranendonk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mirjam M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van Weissenbruch
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides