title: Assessment of incising ethology in the absence and presence of jaw muscle hyperalgesia in a mouse home cage environment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of oral motor behavior in a mouse is challenging due to the lack of currently available techniques that are non-invasive and allow long-term assessment in a home cage environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate incising behavior using mouse chow attached to a three-dimensional force transducer that was mounted on the existing home cage. In addition, a persistent hyperalgesia condition was introduced to evaluate the sensitivity of the technique to identify incising behavioral changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incising activity of CD-1 male and female mice (n=48) was evaluated over a 24 hour recording session during four baseline and six longitudinal hyperalgesia assessment sessions using custom written software. A pre-clinical persistent pain model was used to induce hyperalgesia in the masseter muscle by repetitive acidic saline injections. Sex and age differences were evaluated for multiple incising variables during both light and dark cycles during baseline and hyperalgesia conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant sex differences were found for multiple incising variables but not for age. Discrete incising frequencies were identified in the range of 4.6-10.4 Hz and were reproducibly found in both female and male mice. A significant shift to lower incising frequencies was observed after repetitive acidic saline injections compared to neutral saline injections. This shift to lower frequencies of incising returned to baseline levels after approximately four weeks but was statistically longer in female compared to male mice. Significant differences were also found for chow intake (reduced) and weight change during the hyperalgesia condition. No significant differences were found for total number of incisions or number of incising episodes per day or incising force.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this study support the use of recording three dimensional incising forces as a sensitive measure of incising behavior. This novel technique allowed the identification of specific incising variables that were differentially affected in female and male mice during a persistent hyperalgesia. The data were collected in the home cage environment with minimal bias such as experimenter interaction. Similar to other dental pain studies, mice were able to maintain normal incising activity levels per day (total incisions, total number of incising episodes) even in the presence of hyperalgesia.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthodontics, Box 100444, JHMHSC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0444, USA. Electronic address: widmer@dental.ufl.edu.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Widmer
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 North Lee St., Lewisburg, VA 24901, USA. Electronic address: jmorriswiman@osteo.wvsom.edu.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morris-Wiman
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating; D004777:Environment; D005010:Ethology; D005260:Female; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: 3D force transducer; Central pattern generator; Incising; Mastication; Pain