title: Extracellular Mg concentration and Ca blockers modulate the initial steps of the response of Th2 lymphocytes in co-culture with macrophages and dendritic cells.
abstract: Magnesium is highly involved in the metabolic network such that even subtle disturbances in its homeostasis affect many cellular functions, including calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, energy metabolism, membrane stability and cell proliferation. Recently, magnesium level has been proposed to modulate the priming and activity of immune cells. We studied the behavior of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T lymphocytes after altering the magnesium/calcium balance. We used two different populations of primary APCs, i.e. bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages, while D10.G4.1 cells served as a model of responding Th2 cells. Our principal findings are the following: (i) the extracellular magnesium concentration had no significant impact on endocytosis by bone marrow-derived APCs, (ii) high concentrations of extracellular magnesium, with or without calcium antagonists, significantly decreased IL-4 and IL-10 secretion by Th2 cells in a co-culture system of APCs and Th2 lymphocytes, (iii) proliferation of Th2 cells in co-culture systems was significantly inhibited by calcium antagonists independently from extracellular magnesium concentrations. Our results suggest that alterations of magnesium and calcium homeostasis impact on some crucial steps of the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Libako
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nowacki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi, 74 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castiglioni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi, 74 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Jeanette A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Inra, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazur
mesh_terms: D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002413:Cations, Divalent; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; C006014:8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate; D005707:Gallic Acid; D014700:Verapamil; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: T lymphocytes; calcium; dendritic cells; macrophages; magnesium