title: Consolidating behavioral and neurophysiologic findings to explain the influence of contextual interference during motor sequence learning.
abstract: Motor sequence learning under high levels of contextual interference (CI) disrupts initial performance but supports delayed test and transfer performance when compared to learning under low CI. Integrating findings from early behavioral work and more recent experimental efforts that incorporated neurophysiologic measures led to a novel account of the role of CI during motor sequence learning. This account focuses on important contributions from two neural regions-the dorsal premotor area and the SMA complex-that are recruited earlier and more extensively during the planning of a motor sequence in a high CI context. It is proposed that activation of these regions is critical to early adaptation of sequence structure amenable to long-term storage. Moreover, greater CI enhances access to newly acquired motor sequence knowledge through (1) the emergence of temporary functional connectivity between neural sites previously described as crucial to successful long-term performance of sequential behaviors, and (2) heightened excitability of M1-a key constituent of the temporary coupled neural circuits, and the primary candidate for storage of motor memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 4243 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA. d-wright@hlkn.tamu.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, University of Twente, Twente, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Verwey
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 4243 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 4243 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 4243 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA.
authors.forename: Joohyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Human Movement, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Immink
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Contextual interference; Motor learning; Motor sequence learning; Practice schedule