title: Mussel-Inspired Artificial Grafts for Functional Ligament Reconstruction.
abstract: The development of an artificial graft with distinct osteogenetic activity to enhance osseointegration and to induce the formation of biomimetic tissue structure for ligament reconstruction remains a significant challenge. Inspired by mussels, biomimetic calcium phosphate apatite/polydopamine hybridized-polyethylene terephthalate (APA/PDA-PET) grafts were successfully prepared. The efficacy and mechanism of APA/PDA-PET grafts to induce osseointegration were systematically investigated. The results from the in vitro study indicated that the prepared APA/PDA-PET grafts support the attachment of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and stimulate the proliferation and osteogenic/angiogenic differentiation of BMSCs via activation of the PKC/p-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In vivo, histological and radiological results further demonstrate that the APA/PDA-PET grafts significantly improve osseointegration by inducing the formation of new bone tissue and the fibrocartilage transitional zone compared with pure PET grafts. In addition, the pull-out strength of the APA/PDA-PET grafts is significantly higher than that of the pure PET grafts 12 weeks after surgery. These results suggest that this mussel-inspired biomimetic method is an effective strategy for modifying artificial grafts, and the prepared APA/PDA-PET grafts, which possess a beneficial interface, can significantly improve in vivo osseointegration for ligament reconstruction via the synergistic effect of polydopamine and apatite.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shiyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: †Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengchi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: †Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yaying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chengtie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008022:Ligaments / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D019737:Transplants / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: apatite; artificial ligament; mussel; osseointegration; polydopamine