title: Vascular invasion as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in nonmetastatic gastric cancer after curative resection.
abstract: The prognostic significance of vascular invasion (VI) in nonmetastatic gastric cancer (GC) remains a matter of controversy. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of VI on survival in this group of GC patients. We enrolled 361 GC patients without metastasis who underwent curative gastrectomy between 1996 and 2009 in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. A retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological data was performed, focusing on the impact of VI detected by routine H&E staining on disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The presence of VI was detected in 13.9% of our cohort. The VI status was significantly correlated with the tumor size, infiltration depth, and TNM stage (P < 0.05). Patients with VI showed significantly lower DFS and CSS compared with patients without VI (P < 0.0001 for both). The subgroup analysis indicated that the presence of VI was a negative predictor of DFS in all TNM stages and a predictor of lower CSS only in stage I (P < 0.05 for all). A multivariate Cox proportional analysis identified VI as an independent predictor of CSS (P = 0.022). The presence of VI is a risk factor for recurrence and an independent predictor of poor survival in nonmetastatic GC after curative resection. The VI status should be considered to stratify with this group of GC patients for adjuvant treatment and more effective follow-up protocol.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chong-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wan-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Ke
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Zhen
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jie-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Department of Gastric & pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China ; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Mu-Yan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gastric cancer; nonmetastatic; prognosis; vascular invasion