title: Use of an aggregate exposure model to estimate consumer exposure to fragrance ingredients in personal care and cosmetic products.
abstract: Ensuring the toxicological safety of fragrance ingredients used in personal care and cosmetic products is essential in product development and design, as well as in the regulatory compliance of the products. This requires an accurate estimation of consumer exposure which, in turn, requires an understanding of consumer habits and use of products. Where ingredients are used in multiple product types, it is important to take account of aggregate exposure in consumers using these products. This publication investigates the use of a newly developed probabilistic model, the Creme RIFM model, to estimate aggregate exposure to fragrance ingredients using the example of 2-phenylethanol (PEA). The output shown demonstrates the utility of the model in determining systemic and dermal exposure to fragrances from individual products, and aggregate exposure. The model provides valuable information not only for risk assessment, but also for risk management. It should be noted that data on the concentrations of PEA in products used in this article were obtained from limited sources and not the standard, industry wide surveys typically employed by the fragrance industry and are thus presented here to illustrate the output and utility of the newly developed model. They should not be considered an accurate representation of actual exposure to PEA.
authors.affiliation: B-Safe Toxicology Consulting, 31 Hayway, Rushden, Northants NN10 6AG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Safford
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, United States. Electronic address: amapi@rifm.org.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Api
authors.affiliation: Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Beds MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barratt
authors.affiliation: Creme Global Ltd, The Tower, Trinity Enterprise Centre, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Comiskey
authors.affiliation: Creme Global Ltd, The Tower, Trinity Enterprise Centre, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: Givaudan International S.A., 5 chemin de la parfumerie, CH1214 Vernier, Switzerland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: Creme Global Ltd, The Tower, Trinity Enterprise Centre, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.affiliation: Creme Global Ltd, The Tower, Trinity Enterprise Centre, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.affiliation: The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH 45040, United States.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.affiliation: Firmenich Inc., P.O. Box 5880, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Creme Global Ltd, The Tower, Trinity Enterprise Centre, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Procter&Gamble, Surrey TW20 9NW, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tozer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003358:Cosmetics; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010476:Perfume; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D010476:Perfume; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: Aggregate exposure; Cosmetics; Exposure assessment; Fragrance ingredients; Personal care products; Risk assessment