title: Titanium and hydroxyapatite coating of polyetheretherketone and carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone: A pilot study in sheep.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone formation capability of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) implants coated with different titanium and hydroxyapatite plasma-sprayed layers after 2 and 12 weeks.
  
  
  
  In six sheep 108 implants were placed in the pelvis. Altogether six different surface modifications were tested. After 2 and 12 weeks, n = 3 implants per group were examined histologically and n = 6 implants per group were tested by a pull-out test.
  
  
  
  Biomechanically (p = 0.001) as well as histologically (p > 0.05) surface coating of PEEK/CFR-PEEK led to an increase of osseointegration from 2 to 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, coated implants demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) higher pull-out values in comparison to uncoated implants. Overall, the double coating (titanium bond layer and hydroxyapatite top layer) showed the most favorable results after 2 and 12 weeks.
  
  
  
  Plasma-sprayed titanium and hydroxyapatite coatings on PEEK or CFR-PEEK demonstrated a significant improvement of osseointegration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1182-1191, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Hightech Research Center of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.|Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stübinger
authors.affiliation: Hightech Research Center of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drechsler
authors.affiliation: Institute for Surgical Biotechnology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, CH-3014, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bürki
authors.affiliation: Hightech Research Center of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.|Veterinary Anaesthesia Services Int (VAS), CH-8400, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kronen
authors.affiliation: Hightech Research Center of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.|Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: von Rechenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry*; D016348:Osseointegration; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002244:Carbon; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium
keywords: CFR-PEEK; osseointegration; polyetheretherketone; pull-out test; sheep