title: Structures and Mechanisms of Enzymes Employed in the Synthesis and Degradation of PARP-Dependent Protein ADP-Ribosylation.
abstract: The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a major family of enzymes capable of modifying proteins by ADP-ribosylation. Due to the large size and diversity of this family, PARPs affect almost every aspect of cellular life and have fundamental roles in DNA repair, transcription, heat shock and cytoplasmic stress responses, cell division, protein degradation, and much more. In the past decade, our understanding of the PARP enzymatic mechanism and activation, as well as regulation of ADP-ribosylation signals by the readers and erasers of protein ADP-ribosylation, has been significantly advanced by the emergence of new structural data, reviewed herein, which allow for better understanding of the biological roles of this widespread post-translational modification.
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barkauskaite
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Gytis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jankevicius
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK. Electronic address: ivan.ahel@path.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahel
mesh_terms: D020134:Catalytic Domain; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C581913:OARD1 protein, human; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C022407:poly ADP-ribose glycohydrolase