title: Ca(2+) and caspases are involved in hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis in erythrocytes of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian).
abstract: There are young erythrocytes and mature erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of fish. The present study explored the apoptosis in hydroxyl radical ((·)OH)-induced young and mature erythrocytes of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Carp erythrocytes from the peripheral blood were separated into the young fraction, the intermediate fraction and the mature fraction using fixed-angle centrifugation. The erythrocytes in three age fractions were treated with the caspase inhibitors (zVAD-fmk) in physiological carp saline (PCS) or Ca(2+)-free PCS in the presence of 40 μM FeSO4/20 μM H2O2. The results showed that the (·)OH-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and DNA fragmentation are caspase dependent in carp erythrocytes. Furthermore, the ROS generation, PS exposure and DNA fragmentation in the more young fraction are more dependent on the caspase activity. This suggested that the caspases are involved in the (·)OH-induced apoptosis in the young erythrocytes of fish. Results also indicated that Ca(2+) is involved in (·)OH-induced calpain activation, PS exposure and DNA fragmentation in carp erythrocytes. Moreover, the calpain activation, DNA fragmentation and PS exposure in the more mature fraction are more dependent on the levels of Ca(2+). This revealed that (·)OH-induced apoptosis is Ca(2+) dependent in the mature erythrocytes of fish. Taken together, there might be two apoptosis pathways in fish erythrocytes: one is the caspase-dependent apoptosis in the young erythrocytes and the other is the Ca(2+)-involved apoptosis in the mature erythrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: HuaTao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: WeiDan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
authors.forename: YongAn
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. xqzhouqq@tom.com.|Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. xqzhouqq@tom.com.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. xqzhouqq@tom.com.
authors.forename: XiaoQiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D002154:Calpain; D020169:Caspases; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Apoptosis; Ca2+; Caspase; DNA fragmentation; Fish erythrocyte; PS exposure