title: A feasibility study of a thermally sensitive elastin-like polypeptide for submucosal injection application in endoscopic resection in 3 animal models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can successfully resect large lesions en bloc by using a submucosal injection solution, but the cost of currently available submucosal injection solutions is not satisfactory. The authors' aim was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a thermally sensitive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) used as submucosal injection solution in ESD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an ex vivo study to determine the optimal concentration of ELPs in rabbits, an in vivo study to evaluate the effectiveness of mucosal elevation in rats, and a large animal study to confirm the feasibility of preclinical application by using conventional clinical procedure in pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ELP (500 μM) was proved to be the optimal injectable submucosal injection solution and elevated mucosa more efficiently than any control. The same concentration of ELP exhibited an equivalent effectiveness of mucosal elevation, the retention of the elevation, and minimal bleeding with sodium hyaluronate. The ESD procedure time with 500 μM ELP in a preclinical study with pigs was significantly shorter than with any other concentration of ELP and normal saline solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of ELP as submucosal injection solution was feasible, with higher and longer-lasting elevation and fewer adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Wentian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Mingxing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Wenge
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Zhongqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Xuqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D004549:Elastin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013696:Temperature; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004549:Elastin