title: Growth and bone health in paediatric patients with Crohn's disease receiving subcutaneous tumor necrosis factor antibody.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether adalimumab (ADA) was associated with improvement in growth, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  In children with Crohn's disease (CD) there is a high prevalence of growth failure and reduced BMD. Treatment with infliximab is associated with an improvement in growth. Anthropometry, paediatric CD activity index (PCDAI), bone markers and BMD was measured in 18 patients (72% females) one year before and after start of ADA with a median age of 14.4 years (range: 5-19 years) at treatment start. Outcomes were indicators of growth with treatment as well as interval growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven (61%) children experienced catch-up growth after ADA. PCDAI significantly decreased from 52.1 ± 16 to 30.4 ± 23 (P ≤ 0.001). Post ADA, body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) 0.1[range: 2.7-(-0.8)] vs -1 [range: 0.1-(-3.6)], P = 0.04 and ∆BMI SDS in children 0.3 [range: 0.7-(-0.2)] vs -1.1 [range: 1.2-(-2.3)], P = 0.01 in remission were significantly higher compared to those with moderate to severe inflammation. The main predictors for growth were 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and for bone mineralisation weight and height SDS. ADA had no significant influence on bone markers and BMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Next to improvement of PCDAI, half of the children achieved a positive catch-up growth. A better nutritional status with improvement in BMI and weight is positive predictor for improved growth and bone mineralisation.
authors.affiliation: Judith Pichler, Wolf Dietrich Huber, Christoph Aufricht, Bettina Bidmon-Fliegenschnee, Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pichler
authors.affiliation: Judith Pichler, Wolf Dietrich Huber, Christoph Aufricht, Bettina Bidmon-Fliegenschnee, Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolf Dietrich
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Judith Pichler, Wolf Dietrich Huber, Christoph Aufricht, Bettina Bidmon-Fliegenschnee, Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aufricht
authors.affiliation: Judith Pichler, Wolf Dietrich Huber, Christoph Aufricht, Bettina Bidmon-Fliegenschnee, Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bidmon-Fliegenschnee
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000068879:Adalimumab / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068879:Adalimumab; D002112:Calcifediol
keywords: Adalimumab; Bone health; Crohn’s disease; Growth; Paediatrics