title: Muscadine grape seed oil as a novel source of tocotrienols to reduce adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation.
abstract: Tocotrienols are unsaturated forms of vitamin E previously shown to reduce adipogenesis and adipose inflammation. In this study, muscadine grape seed oil (MGSO) was identified as a novel source of tocotrienols containing significant amounts of α- and γ-tocotrienol (T3) with minor seasonal changes. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory potential of MGSO by using primary human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Differentiating hASCs were treated with MGSO and compared with rice bran and olive oil. Accumulation of triglyceride was significantly lower in MGSO-treated hASCs than rice bran and olive oils. A tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) from MGSO was prepared by solid phase extraction and eluted with 15% 1,4-dioxane in hexane. The MGSO-derived TRF treatment significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression that are crucial to adipogenesis (e.g., PPARγ and aP2) in hASCs. Furthermore, TRF from MGSO markedly reduced LPS-induced proinflammatory gene expression in human adipocytes and cytokine secretion to the medium (IL-6 and IL-8). Collectively, our work suggests that MGSO is a stable and reliable natural source of T3 and MGSO may constitute a new dietary strategy to attenuate obesity and its associated adipose inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, Florida, USA. martym@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yagiz
authors.forename: Changmou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Soonkyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Maurice R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010938:Plant Oils; D024508:Tocotrienols