title: Stability Assessment of Candidate Reference Genes in Urine Sediment of Prostate Cancer Patients for miRNA Applications.
abstract: We aimed at assessing the stability of candidate reference genes in urine sediments of men subjected to digital rectal examination for suspected prostate cancer (PCa). Two microRNAs (miR-191 and miR-25) and 1 small nucleolar RNA (SNORD48) were assayed in 35 post-DRE urine sediments of men with PCa and in 26 subjects with histologically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The stability of candidate reference genes was assessed through BestKeeper algorithm and equivalence test. miR-200b and miR-452 were used to test for the effect of normalization on target genes. Our results proved miR-191 to be the most stable gene, showing the lowest degree of variation and the highest stability value. miR-25 and SNORD48 values fell beyond the cutoff of acceptability. In conclusion, we recommend the use of miR-191 for normalization purposes in post-DRE urine sediments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Institution of Urological, Andrological Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques, University of Perugia, Loc. S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Giulia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Egidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Institution of Urological, Andrological Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques, University of Perugia, Loc. S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3982-2004
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cochetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3695-9275
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guelfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3887-9204
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zampini
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2128-6952
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diverio
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Institution of Urological, Andrological Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques, University of Perugia, Loc. S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3706-5671
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Institution of Urological, Andrological Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques, University of Perugia, Loc. S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1652-2965
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mearini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine*; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs