title: Predictors of depressive symptoms and physical health in caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia.
abstract: This cross-sectional study examined relationships among factors influencing caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, and physical health in family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia. Two hundred family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia completed standardized questionnaires related to depressive symptoms, physical health, perceptions of burden, coping, and social support. The results revealed that 19.5% of family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia experienced significant depressive symptoms and 65.5% perceived themselves in poor physical health. Burden, self-controlling coping strategies, and physical health status were all independently predictive of depressive symptoms. Two emotion-focused coping strategies (self-controlling and escape-avoidance) were independently predictive of caregiver burden. Only burden predicted physical health status. The findings suggest that health professionals who provide community care for those with schizophrenia need to consider the "unit of care" as the family rather than the individual. The health status of family caregivers should be routinely assessed. Individualized interventions to reduce family burden could include community-based health professionals as well as trained community volunteers, opportunities for social interaction, and improving self-care for all family members.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chanya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thunyadee
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Yajai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sitthimongkol
authors.affiliation: Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sopin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sangon
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Teradech
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chai-Aroon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hegadoren
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing*; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: burden; depressive symptoms; emotion-focused coping; physical health; problem-focused coping; social support