title: Dermal fillers: an update.
abstract: Injection of dermal fillers is the second most frequent nonsurgical cosmetic procedure performed in the USA. Dermal fillers are an option in the treatment of volume deficiency, scars, and rhytides; facial sculpting; facial contouring; and augmentation of specific anatomical sites such as the lips. The number of injectable dermal fillers available on the market increases yearly. Dermatologists and cosmetic surgeons should regularly review treatment options to provide patients with safe and effective filler options. This paper extensively reviews the properties of the available fillers, such as their rheology, longevity, and adverse effects, and how these properties affect the choice of filler agent for a particular patient or a particular site. Also, trends in dermal filler injections are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Federal University of Parana, Rua General Carneiro, 181, Curitiba, PR, 80060-900, Brazil. annelysecb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Annelyse Cristine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ballin
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Research Institute, Coral Gables, FL, USA.|Private Practice, Coral Gables, FL, USA.|Private Practice, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Fredric S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Research Institute, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cazzaniga
mesh_terms: D002921:Cicatrix / Q000628:therapy; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D000067548:Dermal Fillers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D012212:Rheology; D015595:Skin Aging; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000067548:Dermal Fillers