title: Initial human experience of endoscopic ultrasound-guided photodynamic therapy with a novel photosensitizer and a flexible laser-light catheter.
abstract: New methods for the endoscopic selective ablation of locally advanced pancreaticobiliary malignancies as a minimally invasive approach are needed. Our aim was to examine the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) for local tumor control in patients with locally advanced pancreaticobiliary malignancies.
  
  
  
  A chlorin e6 derivative and a flexible laser-light catheter were used to perform EUS-guided PDT in four patients with locally advanced pancreaticobiliary malignancies.
  
  
  
  EUS-guided PDT was technically feasible in all four patients with locally advanced pancreaticobiliary malignancies (two in the caudate lobe of the liver, one in the far distal bile duct, and one in the tail of the pancreas). No treatment-related complications occurred. The median volume of necrosis produced by PDT was 4.0 cm(3) (range 0.7 - 11.3). Disease remained stable in all four patients during a median follow-up of 5 months (range 3 - 7).
  
  
  
  These preliminary data suggest that EUS-guided PDT with a second-generation photosensitizer and a flexible laser probe is feasible and safe.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dongwook
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Pyo
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Jun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Wan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Koo
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Do Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D057785:Catheters; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002735:Chlorophyllides; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C062985:phytochlorin