title: Role of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Systems in the Biology and Virulence of Protozoan Parasites.
abstract: In eukaryotic cells, proteasomes perform crucial roles in many cellular pathways by degrading proteins to enforce quality control and regulate many cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, signal transduction, cell death, immune responses, metabolism, protein-quality control, and development. The catalytic heart of these complexes, the 20S proteasome, is highly conserved in bacteria, yeast, and humans. However, until a few years ago, the role of proteasomes in parasite biology was completely unknown. Here, we summarize findings about the role of proteasomes in protozoan parasites biology and virulence. Several reports have confirmed the role of proteasomes in parasite biological processes such as cell differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation, and encystation. Proliferation and cell differentiation are key steps in host colonization. Considering the importance of proteasomes in both processes in many different parasites such as Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Toxoplasma, and Entamoeba, parasite proteasomes might serve as virulence factors. Several pieces of evidence strongly suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is also a viable parasitic therapeutic target. Research in recent years has shown that the proteasome is a valid drug target for sleeping sickness and malaria. Then, proteasomes are a key organelle in parasite biology and virulence and appear to be an attractive new chemotherapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, P.O. Box 170, Antofagasta, Chile.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, P.O. Box 170, Antofagasta, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: San Francisco
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, P.O. Box 170, Antofagasta, Chile.
authors.forename: Bessy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, P.O. Box 170, Antofagasta, Chile.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007891:Leishmania / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D010271:Parasites / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics*; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000472:pathogenicity; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D025801:Ubiquitin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex