title: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of Taxillus tsaii Chiu in mice.
abstract: Preclinical Research This study was conducted to investigate the analgesic activities and mechanism of anti-inflammatory activities of a 50% ethanol extract of Taxillus tsaii (ETT) in vivo using the acetic acid induced writhing test and formalin induced paw licking in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of ETT was evaluated using a mouse model of λ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced paw edema. ETT reduced the writhing in the acetic acid assay test at a dose 1.0 g/kg po and reduced the licking time in the late phase of the formalin test at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg po). Carr-induced paw edema was reduced when ETT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg po) was administered 3-5 h after Carr injection. ETT (1.0 g/kg po) reduced the level of malondialdehyde in the edemic paw by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, e.g., superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, in the liver and reducing TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 activity in the edemic paw. This study demonstrates the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ETT, thus verifying its application in traditional Chinese medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.|Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, No. 79-9, Sha-Luen-Hu, Xi Zhou Li, Hou-Loung Town, Miaoli County, 35664, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chia-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Yung-Jia
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chao-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Tzu-Mei
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou university, No.1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Rd., Dashu District, Kaohsiung City, 84001, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Lung-Yuan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Wen-Huang
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005557:Formaldehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D028183:Loranthaceae; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D005557:Formaldehyde; D000431:Ethanol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002351:Carrageenan; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: SOD; TNF-a; TNF-α; Taxillus tsaii; analgesia; anti-inflammation