title: Transdermal Diagnosis of Malaria Using Vapor Nanobubbles.
abstract: A fast, precise, noninvasive, high-throughput, and simple approach for detecting malaria in humans and mosquitoes is not possible with current techniques that depend on blood sampling, reagents, facilities, tedious procedures, and trained personnel. We designed a device for rapid (20-second) noninvasive diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection in a malaria patient without drawing blood or using any reagent. This method uses transdermal optical excitation and acoustic detection of vapor nanobubbles around intraparasite hemozoin. The same device also identified individual malaria parasite-infected Anopheles mosquitoes in a few seconds and can be realized as a low-cost universal tool for clinical and field diagnoses.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lukianova-Hleb
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bezek
authors.forename: Reka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szigeti
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khodarev
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hurrell
authors.forename: Michail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berba
authors.forename: Nirbhay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.forename: Dmitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lapotko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000175:diagnosis*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D012867:Skin / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D013227:Steam
chemical_list: D013227:Steam
keywords: Anopheles spp.; Plasmodium falciparum; bloodless; diagnosis; hemozoin; laser; malaria; nanobubble; noninvasive; parasites; vector-borne infections