title: GDM Women's Pre-Pregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Gestational Weight Gain on Offspring Overweight Status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with anthropometry in the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective cohort study in 1263 GDM mother-child pairs. General linear models and Logistic regression models were used to assess the single and joint associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (normal weight, overweight, and obesity) and GWG (inadequate, adequate and excessive GWG) with anthropometry and overweight status in the offspring from birth to 1-5 years old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were positively associated with birth weight for gestational age Z score and birth weight for length for gestational age Z score at birth, and weight for age Z score, length/height for age Z score, and weight for length/height Z score at of 1-5 years old offspring. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight, obesity, and excessive GWG were associated with increased risks of large for gestational age [ORs 95% CIs = 1.87 (1.37-2.55), 2.98 (1.89-4.69), and 2.93 (2.07-4.13), respectively] and macrosomia [ORs 95% CIs = 2.06 (1.50-2.84), 2.89 (1.78-4.70), and 2.84 (1.98-4.06), respectively] at birth and childhood overweight at 1-5 years old [ORs 95% CIs = 1.26 (0.92-1.73), 1.96 (1.24-3.09), and 1.59 (1.15-2.21), respectively].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Offspring born to GDM mothers with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity or excessive GWG were associated with increased risks of large for gestational age and macrosomia at birth, and childhood overweight at 1-5 years old, compared with those born to GDM mothers with pre-pregnancy normal weight and adequate GWG.
authors.affiliation: Project Office, Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Junhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: Project Office, Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China; Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Weiqin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Project Office, Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Project Office, Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Huikun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Project Office, Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Leishen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Project Office, Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Gongshu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Project Office, Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Baccarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lifang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015430:Weight Gain