title: Use of Psychopharmacologic Medications in Adolescents With Restrictive Eating Disorders: Analysis of Data From the National Eating Disorder Quality Improvement Collaborative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychopharmacologic medications are often prescribed to patients with restrictive eating disorders (EDs), and little is known about the frequency of use in adolescents. We examined the use of psychopharmacologic medications in adolescents referred for treatment of restrictive ED, potential factors associated with their use, and reported psychiatric comorbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data from the initial and 1-year visits were collected for patients referred for evaluation of restrictive ED at 12 adolescent-based ED programs during 2010 (Group 1), including diagnosis, demographic information, body mass index, prior treatment modalities, and psychopharmacologic medications. Additional data regarding patients' comorbid psychiatric conditions and classes of psychopharmacologic medications were obtained from six sites (Group 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 635 patients met inclusion criteria and 359 had 1-year follow-up (Group 1). At intake, 20.4% of Group 1 was taking psychopharmacologic medication and 58.7% at 1 year (p ≤ .0001). White, non-Hispanic race (p = .020), and prior higher level of care (p < .0001) were positively associated with medication use at 1 year. Among Group 2 (n = 256), serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors use was most common, and 62.6% had a reported psychiatric comorbidity. Presence of any psychiatric comorbidity was highly associated with medication use; odds ratio, 10.0 (5.6, 18.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents with restrictive ED treated at referral centers have high rates of reported psychopharmacologic medication use and psychiatric comorbidity. As more than half of this referral population were reported to be taking medication, continued investigation is warranted to ensure the desired outcomes of the medications are being met.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: mcmonge@seton.org.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Monge
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sara F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Pediatrics, Beaumont Children's Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mammel
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: S Todd
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.affiliation: Program for Patient Safety and Quality, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hehn
authors.affiliation: Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ellen S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Rome
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kapphahn
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York.
authors.forename: Joan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Malizio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Terrill D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bravender
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Colorado, Section of Adolescent Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sigel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Mary R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Dionne A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: M Susan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hergenroeder
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York.
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Neville H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D019959:Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
keywords: Adolescents; Anorexia nervosa; Medications; Psychiatric comorbidity; Psychopharmacology; Restrictive eating disorders