title: The comprehensiveness of environmental management systems: The influence of institutional pressures and the impact on environmental performance.
abstract: This study contributes to the EMS literature by providing a more detailed insight into the comprehensiveness of environmental management systems (EMSs) by focusing on the intensity of use of environmental management practices. In addition, the study examines the influence of institutional pressures (coercive, mimetic and normative) on the comprehensiveness of environmental management systems (EMSs), and the impact of EMS comprehensiveness on environmental performance. A mail survey questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of Australian senior managers across various industries. Both coercive and normative pressures were found to influence the comprehensiveness of EMSs. Specifically, the pressure exerted by the government, through the creation of appropriate regulatory pressures and public incentives, and by employees, customers, professional groups, the media, and community, influenced the comprehensiveness of the EMS. In addition, organisations with more comprehensive EMSs were found to experience higher levels of environmental performance. With more than 300,000 organisations worldwide adopting EMSs (ISO, 2013), the findings provide an important insight into the relevance of EMSs. In particular, it is suggested that organisations should endeavour to implement a more comprehensive EMS and be conscious of the role that coercive and normative pressures play in influencing the comprehensiveness of their EMSs.
authors.affiliation: School of Business, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia. Electronic address: t.phan@uws.edu.au.
authors.forename: Thanh Nguyet
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Business and Economics, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baird
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D058735:Environmental Policy; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Environmental management system; Environmental performance; Institutional theory