title: Effect of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles on Skin Tumor Cells and Dermal Fibroblasts.
abstract: Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have been used in many biomedical approaches. The toxicity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on mammalian cells was published recently. Though, little is known about the viability of human cells after treatment with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Herein, we examined the toxicity, production of reactive oxygen species, and invasive capacity after treatment of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and cells of the squamous tumor cell line (SCL-1) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles had an average size of 65 nm. Fe3O4 nanoparticles induced oxidative stress via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent initiation of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the question was addressed of whether Fe3O4 nanoparticles affect myofibroblast formation, known to be involved in tumor invasion. Herein, Fe3O4 nanoparticles prevent the expression alpha-smooth muscle actin and therefore decrease the number of myofibroblastic cells. Moreover, our data show in vitro that concentrations of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which are nontoxic for normal cells, partially reveal a ROS-triggered cytotoxic but also a pro-invasive effect on the fraction of squamous cancer cells surviving the treatment with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The data herein show that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles appear not to be adequate for use in therapeutic approaches against cancer cells, in contrast to recently published data with cerium oxide nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Lirija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alili
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Swetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chapiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Gernot U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Marten
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zanger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brenneisen
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C000499:ferric oxide