title: Cocaine-mediated impact on HIV infection in humanized BLT mice.
abstract: Cocaine abuse has been shown to have broad-ranging effects on human immunity. With regards to HIV infection, in vitro studies have shown that cocaine enhances infection of stimulated lymphocytes. Moreover, cohort studies in the pre- and post-HAART era have linked stimulant abuse with increased HIV pathogenesis. The latter data, however, have been undermined by a series of confounding factors underscoring the importance of controlled in vivo models to fully assess the impact of cocaine use and abuse on HIV infection and pathogenesis. Here, we have infected humanized mice with HIV-1 following acute cocaine exposure to assess the impact on infection. Stimulant exposure resulted in increased inflammatory cytokine expression, accelerated HIV infection, while blunting effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These data demonstrate cocaine's multifactorial impact on HIV infection that extends beyond high-risk behavior.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology [2] UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
authors.forename: Sohn G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology [2] UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
authors.forename: Emily L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology [2] UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
authors.forename: Dhaval
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology [2] UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
authors.forename: Cindy Seyeon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology [2] UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
authors.forename: Irene J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rovner
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology [2] UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 [3] Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics.
authors.forename: Jerome A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zack
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology [2] UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
authors.forename: Dimitrios N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Vatakis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D003042:Cocaine