title: Comparing different maize supplementation strategies to improve resilience and resistance against gastrointestinal nematode infections in browsing goats.
abstract: The effect of maize grain supplementation on the resilience and resistance of browsing Criollo goat kids against gastrointestinal nematodes was evaluated. Five-month-old kids (n = 42), raised worm-free, were allocated to five groups: infected + not supplemented (I-NS; n = 10), infected + maize supplement at 108 g/d (I-S108; n = 8), maize supplement at 1% of body weight (BW) (I-S1%; n = 8), maize supplement at 1.5% BW (I-S1.5%; n = 8), or infected + supplemented (maize supplement 1.5% BW) + moxidectin (0.2 mg/kg BW subcutaneously every 28 d) (T-S1.5%; n = 8). Kids browsed daily (7 h) in a tropical forest for 112 days during the rainy season. Kids were weighed weekly to adjust supplementary feeding. Hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), and eggs per gram of feces were determined fortnightly. On day 112, five goat kids were slaughtered per group to determine worm burdens. Kids of the I-S1.5% group showed similar body-weight change, Ht and Hb, compared to kids without gastrointestinal nematodes (T-S1.5%), as well as lower eggs per gram of feces and Trichostrongylus colubriformis worm burden compared to the I-NS group (P > 0.05). Thus, among the supplement levels tested, increasing maize supplementation at 1.5% BW of kids was the best strategy to improve their resilience and resistance against natural gastrointestinal nematode infections under the conditions of forage from the tropical forest.
authors.affiliation: FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán 97315, Mexico - FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de san Nicolás de Hidalgo, Unidad Acueducto, Av. Acueducto Esq. Tzintzuntzan Col. Matamoros, Morelia, Michoacán 58130, Mexico.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gárate-Gallardo
authors.affiliation: FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán 97315, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan Felipe de Jesús
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Torres-Acosta
authors.affiliation: FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán 97315, Mexico.
authors.forename: Armando Jacinto
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Caballero
authors.affiliation: FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán 97315, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos Alfredo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sandoval-Castro
authors.affiliation: FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán 97315, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cámara-Sarmiento
authors.affiliation: FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán 97315, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hilda Lorena
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Canul-Ku
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000191:economics; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000191:economics; D065928:Forests; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006041:Goats / Q000469:parasitology*; D006374:Helminthiasis, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007814:Larva; D018942:Macrolides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D011897:Random Allocation; D012621:Seasons; D014253:Trichostrongylosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D018942:Macrolides; C027837:moxidectin