title: Preoperative Evaluation of Lung Cancer in a Community Health Care Setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the presurgical evaluation of suspected lung cancer patients in a community-based health care system to establish current benchmarks of care that will lay the groundwork for an evidence-based quality improvement project.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of all recipients of lung resection at two institutions, and classified all lung cancer relevant procedures into five "nodal points": lesion detection, diagnostic biopsy, radiologic staging, invasive staging, and treatment. We analyzed the frequency of passage through each nodal point, the time intervals between nodal points, and the use of staging modalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 614 eligible patients, 92% had lung cancer, 5% had a non-lung primary tumor, 3% had a benign lesion. Six percent received preoperative therapy; 39% of resections were minimally invasive. Ninety-eight percent of patients had a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, 27% had no preoperative diagnostic procedure, 22% had no preoperative positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans, and 88% had no invasive preoperative staging test. Only 10% had trimodality staging with CT, PET/CT, and invasive staging. Twenty-one percent of patients who had an invasive staging test had mediastinal nodal metastasis at resection. The median duration (interquartile range) from initial lesion identification to resection was 84 days (43 to 189) days; from lesion identification to diagnostic biopsy, 28 days (7 to 96); and from diagnostic biopsy to surgery, 40 days (26 to 69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is opportunity for improvement in the thoroughness, accuracy, and timeliness of preoperative evaluation of suspected lung cancer patients in this community cohort. Better coordination of care may significantly improve these benchmarks.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Faris
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Srishti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sareen
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Raymond S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Signore
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roark
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee; School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee. Electronic address: rosarogi@bmhcc.org.
authors.forename: Raymond U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Osarogiagbon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D003153:Community Health Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies