title: Pertussis vaccines and the challenge of inducing durable immunity.
abstract: Pertussis has re-emerged as an important public health concern. In the 1990s whole-cell pertussis vaccines were replaced with less reactogenic acellular vaccines consisting of purified pertussis components. However, recent data show that protection from acellular pertussis vaccines is not long-lasting. Antibody levels wane rapidly following vaccination, likely a result of the inability of acellular pertussis antigens to stimulate long-lasting B cell memory. In addition, T cell responses to acellular pertussis vaccines are mixed Th2/Th1, while whole-cell pertussis vaccination and infection stimulate Th17 responses, important for host defense against extracellular mucosal pathogens. Consistent with this T cell skewing, acellular vaccines did not prevent colonization or transmission following challenge in nonhuman primates while whole-cell vaccinated and previously infected animals cleared the infection more rapidly.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Warfel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University, 21st Avenue South, S 2323 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Electronic address: kathryn.edwards@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D022282:Vaccines, Acellular / Q000276:immunology; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010567:Pertussis Vaccine; D022282:Vaccines, Acellular