title: Impact of vaccination on the molecular epidemiology and evolution of group A rotaviruses in Latin America and factors affecting vaccine efficacy.
abstract: Despite high rotavirus (RV) vaccine coverage (∼83%) and good effectiveness (∼77%) against RV-diarrhea hospitalization, RV is still contributing to the burden of diarrhea that persists in hospital settings in several Latin American countries, where RV vaccination is being implemented. Due to the extensive genomic and antigenic diversity, among co-circulating human RV, a major concern has been that the introduction of RV vaccination could exert selection pressure leading to higher prevalence of strains not included in the vaccines and/or emergence of new strains, thus, reducing the efficacy of vaccination. Here we review the molecular epidemiology of RV in Latin America and explore issues of RV evolution and selection in light of vaccination. We further explore etiologies behind the large burden of diarrhea remaining after vaccination in some countries and discuss plausible reasons for vaccine failures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, National Autonomous University of León, Nicaragua (UNAN-León), Nicaragua. Electronic address: fili_bucardo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Filemón
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bucardo
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Virology, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Linköping, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nordgren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D040961:Genetic Drift; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines
keywords: Antigenic sites; Gene reassortment; Host genetics; Latin America; Molecular epidemiology; Rotavirus; Vaccination