title: Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid on the Fatty Acid Content of the Erythrocyte Membrane and Proteinuria in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid (FA) has cardioprotective effect and is associated with a slower deterioration of albumin excretion in patients with diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of omega-3 FA on proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy patients who are controlling blood pressure (BP) with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). In addition, we identified changes in erythrocyte membrane FA contents. A total of 19 patients who were treated with ACEi or ARB for at least 6 months were treated for 12 weeks with omega-3 FA (Omacor, 3 g/day) or a control treatment (olive oil, 3 g/day). Proteinuria levels were unchanged after 12 weeks compared with baseline values in both groups. The erythrocyte membrane contents of omega-3 FA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were significantly increased, and oleic acid, arachidonic acid : EPA ratio, and omega-6 : omega-3 FA ratio were significantly decreased after 12 weeks compared with the baseline values in the omega-3 FA group. Although omega-3 FA did not appear to alter proteinuria, erythrocyte membrane FA contents, including oleic acid, were altered by omega-3 FA supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, 3Ga-1, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Mi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6455-8519
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan Central Hospital, Ulsan 680-739, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seuk Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yongjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, 3Ga-1, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, 3Ga-1, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, 3Ga-1, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, 3Ga-1, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan 602-715, Republic of Korea ; Institute of Medical Science, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 602-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Suk
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4015-0284
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: An