title: Molecular markers as a method to evaluate the movement of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari).
abstract: The objective of this research was to develop a methodology to describe the movement of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the field through: (i) the evaluation of allele variation of a microsatellite marker on polymorphic Colombian H. hampei populations; (ii) the invention of a device for releasing H. hampei adults; (iii) the standardization of a release-recapture technique for H. hampei populations; (iv) the estimation of the flight distance of the insect; and (v) the calculation of a mathematical expression that describes the movement of H. hampei in space over time. The results indicated that: (i) the microsatellite molecular marker HHK.1.6 was exclusively present in a population from Guapotá-Santander, was dominant and allows the evaluation of H. hampei movement for several generations; (ii) a device that released 88.8% of H. hampei adults in 2 s was designed; (iii) this device was used as H. hampei populations containing HHK.1.6 marker release strategy, and coffee seeds as recapture strategy; (iv) it was estimated that H. hampei adults flew as far as 65 m, however, 90% were recovered in a radius of <40 m. Finally, (v) the mathematical expression that described the movement of H. hampei in space over time was [Formula: see text], being [Formula: see text] the average number of borer beetles recaptured per tree, and x the distance in meters. This method will allow to determine the movement of H. hampei from different environmental and ecological scenarios.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café-Cenicafé, Colombia zulma.gil@cafedecolombia.com.
authors.forename: Zulma Nancy
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café-Cenicafé, Colombia.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Benavides
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, CEP 36571-000.
authors.forename: Og
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Flor Edith
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, CEP 36571-000.
authors.forename: Eraldo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D040503:Coffea / Q000469:parasitology; D005426:Flight, Animal; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D012639:Seeds / Q000469:parasitology; D048889:Weevils / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Coffea arabica; coffee; dispersal; microsatellites; releasing device