title: Comparison between ultrafine and fine particulate matter collected in Lebanon: Chemical characterization, in vitro cytotoxic effects and metabolizing enzymes gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells.
abstract: During the last few years, the induction of toxicological mechanisms by atmospheric ultrafine particles (UFP) has become one of the most studied topics in toxicology and a subject of huge debates. Fine particles (FP) and UFP collected at urban and rural sites in Lebanon were studied for their chemical composition and toxicological effects. UFP were found more enriched in trace elements, secondary inorganic ions, total carbon and organic compounds than FP. For toxicological analysis, BEAS-2B cells were exposed for 24, 48 and 72 h to increasing concentrations of FP, water-UFP suspension (UFPw) and UFP organic extract (UFPorg). Our findings showed that UFP caused earlier alterations of mitochondrial metabolism and membrane integrity from the lowest concentrations. Moreover, a significant induction of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and AhRR genes expression was showed after cells exposure to UFPorg and to a lesser extent to UFPw and FP samples.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borgie
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-2, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Zeina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dagher
authors.affiliation: Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ledoux
authors.affiliation: Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verdin
authors.affiliation: Centre Commun de Mesures, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 1, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cazier
authors.affiliation: Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France.
authors.forename: Perrine
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Micropolluants Technologie, 4 Rue de Bort Les Orgues, 57070 Saint Julien Les Metz, France.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hachimi
authors.affiliation: Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France.
authors.forename: Pirouz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shirali
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences-2, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greige-Gerges
authors.affiliation: Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France. Electronic address: dominique.courcot@univ-littoral.fr.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Courcot
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002460:Cell Line; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C492162:AHRR protein, human; C569463:CYP1A1 protein, human; C585496:CYP1B1 protein, human
keywords: BEAS-2B cells; Chemical characterization; Fine particles; Lung toxicity; Ultrafine particles