title: Transcriptome Analysis of the Carmine Spider Mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval, 1867) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and Its Response to β-Sitosterol.
abstract: Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a worldwide polyphagous agricultural pest that has the title of resistance champion among arthropods. We reported previously the identification of the acaricidal compound β-sitosterol from Mentha piperita and Inula japonica. However, the acaricidal mechanism of β-sitosterol is unclear. Due to the limited genetic research carried out, we de novo assembled the transcriptome of T. cinnabarinus using Illumina sequencing and conducted a differential expression analysis of control and β-sitosterol-treated mites. In total, we obtained >5.4 G high-quality bases for each sample with unprecedented sequencing depth and assembled them into 22,941 unigenes. We identified 617 xenobiotic metabolism-related genes involved in detoxification, binding, and transporting of xenobiotics. A highly expanded xenobiotic metabolic system was found in mites. T. cinnabarinus detoxification genes-including carboxyl/cholinesterase and ABC transporter class C-were upregulated after β-sitosterol treatment. Defense-related proteins, such as Toll-like receptor, legumain, and serine proteases, were also activated. Furthermore, other important genes-such as the chloride channel protein, cytochrome b, carboxypeptidase, peritrophic membrane chitin binding protein, and calphostin-may also play important roles in mites' response to β-sitosterol. Our results demonstrate that high-throughput-omics tool facilitates identification of xenobiotic metabolism-related genes and illustration of the acaricidal mechanisms of β-sitosterol.
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Chunya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.affiliation: Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qin
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Guanglu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jingyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Younian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D012855:Sitosterols; C025473:gamma-sitosterol