title: Photosynthetic and Ultrastructure Parameters of Maize Plants are Affected During the Phyto-Rhizoremediation Process of Degraded Metal Working Fluids.
abstract: A phyto-rhizoremediation system using corn and esparto fiber as rooting support to remediate degraded metal working fluids (dMWFs) has been developed in the present study. In order to improve the process, plants were inoculated at the root level with bacteria either individually, and with a consortium of strains. All strains used were able to grow with MWFs. The results show that this system significantly lowers the Chemical Oxygen Demand below legal limits within 5 days. However, results were only improved with the bacterial consortium. Despite the effectiveness of the phyto-rhizoremediation process, plants are damaged at the photosynthetic level according to the photosynthetic parameters measured, as well as at the ultrastructure of the vascular cylinder and the Bundle Sheath Cells. Interestingly, the bacterial inoculation protects against this damage. Therefore, it seems that that the inoculation with bacteria can protect the plants against these harmful effects.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de CC. Farmacéuticas y de la Salud , Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urb. Monteprincipe , 28668 , Boadilla del Monte , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grijalbo
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de CC. Farmacéuticas y de la Salud , Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urb. Monteprincipe , 28668 , Boadilla del Monte , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gutierrez Mañero
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Protection, CSIC , Serrano, 115-bis, 28006 , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Pascual
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de CC. Farmacéuticas y de la Salud , Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urb. Monteprincipe , 28668 , Boadilla del Monte , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lucas
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence; maize; metal working fluids; phyto-rhizoremediation