title: [Species Identification of Puparium Samples of Common Sarcosaphagous Flies Based on Molecular Marker Analysis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the application value of empty puparia in species identification of common sarcosaphagous flies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five samples of adult flies and their empty puparia were collected. All the samples were identified as 2 families, 6 genera and 8 species by morphological characteristics. The samples were divided into 3 groups according to their time period between eclosion and our analyses: less than 2 years (n = 23), 2-5 years (n = 20), and more than 5 years (n = 12). The mtDNA of each sample was extracted by CTAB method. The purity and concentration of DNA were tested. PCR products were amplified using two sets of primers. Two sequences of CO I gene (sequence I: 498 bp, sequence II : 841 bp) from each sample were compared to the sequences in GenBank using BLAST for species identification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mtDNA was extracted successfully from all the samples. DNA concentration of adult chest muscle preserved less than or equal to 5 years and empty puparia preserved less than 2 years ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 µg/µl, and the value of A260/A280 ranged from 1.6 to 1.8. The purity and concentration was lower than 1.6 and 1.0 µg/µl, when the adult chest muscle and empty puparia preserved more than 5 years and 2 years, respectively. DNA concentration of the samples significantly decreased with the prolonged preservation time (P < 0.01). Two sequences of CO I gene was amplified in adult chest muscle and empty puparia which preserved less than 2 years. The success rates of amplification decreased with the prolonged preservation time, especially for the sequence II (P < 0.01). The morphological identification of 8 species did not match exactly with the results based on the COI gene, correct species identification occurred in 6 and 7 species out of 8 based on the two sequences, respectively, and their Max ident value exceeded 97%
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Empty puparium samples can be used to extract mtDNA and identify species.
authors.forename: Xue-bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shu-hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Gui-qin
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qing-shan
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong-wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004175:Diptera / Q000145:classification*; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011679:Pupa / Q000145:classification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial