title: Artesunate Induces SKM-1 Cells Apoptosis by Inhibiting Hyperactive β-catenin Signaling Pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Artesunate (ART), a wildly used agent to treat severe malarial around the world, also has the power to inhibit growth of different types of tumor. However, the exact molecular mechanisms keep unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we used myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cells (SKM-1 cells) with differential ART concentrations treatment at multiple time points to observe the subsequence cell function alteration and the possible involved pathway genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that ART demonstrated the ability to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in SKM-1 in a dose and time-dependent manner. Demethylase recovered CDH1 gene expression may be involved in the apoptosis process. The β-catenin protein translocated from the nucleus and cytoplasm to the membrane result in inactivation of β-catenin signaling pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide a rational basis to develop ART as a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Hematology, Nan fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Hematology, Nan fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Ultrasound, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Hematology, Nan fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lu-lu
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Hematology, Nan fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hong-sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Hematology, Nan fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077332:Artesunate; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D037621:Artemisinins; C513384:CDH1 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D051176:beta Catenin; D000077332:Artesunate
keywords: Artesunate (ART); E-cadherin; myelodysplastic syndrome; β-catenin pathway