title: Divided maxillary artery in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle.
abstract: We describe an anatomical variation of the right maxillary artery. The variation loops deep, giving off a middle meningeal artery with an extremely short extracranial segment, then bifurcates into unequal branches. The smaller branch passes superficial to the lateral pterygoid head and distributes primarily to the masticatory muscles. The larger partially pierces the lateral pterygoid lower head, re-emerges superficially, branches again and passes into the pterygopalatine fossa. The larger lies superficial to the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves and deep to the buccal nerve. An embryonic development origin of the cranial arteries is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. raland@une.edu.au.|School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia. raland@une.edu.au.
authors.forename: R Claire
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2169-3024
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Aland
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D063405:Anatomic Variation; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008438:Maxillary Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011626:Pterygoid Muscles / Q000098:blood supply*; D056739:Pterygopalatine Fossa / Q000098:blood supply
keywords: Infratemporal fossa; Lateral pterygoid muscle; Maxillary artery; Variation