title: Synthesis and characterization of [Zn(acetate)2(amine)x] compounds (x = 1 or 2) and their use as precursors to ZnO.
abstract: As an obvious candidate for a p-type dopant in ZnO, nitrogen remains elusive in this role. Nitrogen containing precursors are a potential means to incorporate nitrogen during MOCVD growth. One class of nitrogen-containing precursors are zinc acetate amines, yet, they have received little attention. The synthesis and single crystal X-ray structure of [Zn(acetate)2(en)], and the synthesis of [Zn(acetate)2(en)2], [Zn(acetate)2(benzylamine)2], [Zn(acetate)2(butylamine)2], [Zn(acetate)2(NH3)2], and [Zn(acetate)2(tris)2], where en = ethylenediamine and tris = (tris[hydroxymethyl]aminomethane) are reported. The compounds were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolyzed in air and inert gas to yield ZnO. These compounds are useful single source precursors to ZnO bulk powders by alkali precipitation and ZnO thin films by spray pyrolysis. The amine bound to the zinc influences the ZnO crystal size and shape and acts as a nitrogen donor for preparing nitrogen-doped ZnO during alkali precipitation. Thin films of ZnO prepared by spray pyrolysis using the precursors had a (100) preferred orientation and measured n-type to intrinsic conductivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, Idaho 83686.
authors.forename: Jesse S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hyslop
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, Idaho 83686.
authors.forename: Amanda R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Boydstun
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, Idaho 83686.
authors.forename: Theron R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fereday
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, Idaho 83686.
authors.forename: Joanna R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, Idaho 83686.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Strunk
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, Idaho 83686.
authors.forename: Christian T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, Idaho 83686.
authors.forename: Cecelia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, Idaho 83686.
authors.forename: Nicholas L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: McKibben
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, Idaho 83686.
authors.forename: Jerry D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83752.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thurber
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83752.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Punnoose
authors.affiliation: Department Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83752.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brotherton
authors.affiliation: Department Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83752.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Department Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83752.
authors.forename: Lloyd
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: Department Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83752.
authors.forename: Blake
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.affiliation: Department Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83752.
authors.forename: Shem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Purnell
authors.affiliation: Department Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83752.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Knowlton
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623.
authors.forename: Seth M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Frost
keywords: ZnO; crystal structure; single source precursors