title: Increased Body Adiposity and Serum Leptin Concentrations in Very Long-Term Adult Male Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the body composition and its association with hypogonadism in adult male long-term acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cohort included 49 long-term male ALL survivors and 55 age-matched healthy controls. Fat and lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; blood biochemistry was obtained for adipokines and testicular endocrine markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with controls, the ALL survivors (median age 29 years, range 25-38), assessed 10-28 years after ALL diagnosis, had higher percentages of body (p < 0.05) and trunk fat mass (p < 0.05), and a lower body lean mass (p < 0.001). Survivors had significantly higher levels of leptin and adiponectin and lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3. Body fat mass and percent fat mass correlated with serum leptin and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. Altogether, 15% of the ALL survivors and 9% of age-matched controls were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Obese survivors more often had hypogonadism, had received testicular irradiation, and needed testosterone replacement therapy compared to nonobese survivors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At young adulthood, long-term male ALL survivors have significantly increased body adiposity despite normal weight and BMI. Potential indicators of increased adiposity included high leptin and low SHBG levels. Serum testicular endocrine markers did not correlate with body adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jahnukainen
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heikkinen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.forename: Sture
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Kaisa K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ivaska
authors.forename: Leena-Riitta
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Puukko-Viertomies
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mäkitie
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000209:etiology; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D054218:Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D017741:Survivors; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D020738:Leptin; D013739:Testosterone