title: Lipids in salicylic acid-mediated defense in plants: focusing on the roles of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate.
abstract: Plants have evolved effective defense strategies to protect themselves from various pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential signaling molecule that mediates pathogen-triggered signals perceived by different immune receptors to induce downstream defense responses. While many proteins play essential roles in regulating SA signaling, increasing evidence also supports important roles for signaling phospholipids in this process. In this review, we collate the experimental evidence in support of the regulatory roles of two phospholipids, phosphatidic acid (PA), and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), and their metabolizing enzymes in plant defense, and examine the possible mechanistic interaction between phospholipid signaling and SA-dependent immunity with a particular focus on the immunity-stimulated biphasic PA production that is reminiscent of and perhaps mechanistically connected to the biphasic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and SA accumulation during defense activation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland Rockville, MD, USA ; Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Shunyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
keywords: biphasic generation of ROS; lipid signaling; phosphatidic acid; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate; phospholipase C; phospholipase D; plant defense signaling; salicylic acid