title: Ginseng Berry Extract Promotes Maturation of Mouse Dendritic Cells.
abstract: Ginseng extract has been shown to possess certain anti-virus, anti-tumor and immune-activating effects. However, the immunostimulatory effect of ginseng berry extract (GB) has been less well characterized. In this study, we investigated the effect of GB on the activation of mouse dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and in vivo. GB treatment induced up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). Interestingly, GB induced a higher degree of co-stimulatory molecule up-regulation than ginseng root extract (GR) at the same concentrations. Moreover, in vivo administration of GB promoted up-regulation of CD86, MHC class I and MHC class II and production of IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in spleen DCs. GB also promoted the generation of Th1 and Tc1 cells. Furthermore, Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway were essential for DC activation induced by GB. In addition, GB strongly prompted the proliferation of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. Finally, GB induced DC activation in tumor-bearing mice and the combination of OVA and GB treatment inhibited B16-OVA tumor cell growth in C57BL/6 mice. These results demonstrate that GB is a novel tumor therapeutic vaccine adjuvant by promoting DC and T cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, 1920 Yonggudae-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Si-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Gao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jun-O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4