title: Polymerization and Functionalization of Membrane Pores for Water Related Applications.
abstract: Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was modified by chemical treatments in order to create active double bonds to obtain covalent grafting of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) on membrane. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrum confirms the formation of conjugated C=C double bonds with surface dehydrofluorination. The membrane morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface composition was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thermal stability of the dehydrofluorinated membrane (Def-PVDF) and functionalized membranes were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The influence of covalently attached PAA on Def-PVDF membrane has been investigated to determine its effect on the transport of water and charged solute. Variations in the solution pH show an effect on both permeability and solute retention in a reversible fashion. Metal nanoparticles were also immobilized in the membrane for the degradation of toxic chlorinated organics from water. In addition, PVDF membranes with an asymmetric and sponge-like morphology were developed by immersion-precipitation phase-inversion methods in both lab-scale and large-scale. The new type of spongy PVDF membrane shows high surface area with higher yield of PAA functionalization. The ion-capacity with Ca2+ions was also investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States.
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States.
authors.forename: Lindell
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ormsbee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States.
authors.forename: Dibakar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya