title: Media internalization and conformity to traditional masculine norms in relation to body image concerns among men.
abstract: Previous studies have separately examined conformity to masculine norms and internalization of body ideals in the media in relation to the drive for muscularity (DM). This study was designed to examine these factors together in relation to DM, and further examine how they may differ in relation to drive for thinness (DT) and drive for leanness (DL). Participants were 284 Australian males between ages 18 and 42. They completed validated measures that assessed DM, DT, DL, male gender role norms, and internalization of body ideals. The findings showed that internalization of body ideals mediated the relationship between masculine role norms and body image in the case of both DM and DL. However, masculine norms and internalization were independent predictors of DT. Our findings contribute to further understanding of the roles that the media and masculine norms have in shaping men's drive for muscularity, leanness, and thinness. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm the nature and direction of these relationships.
authors.affiliation: Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Arthur Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: De Jesus
authors.affiliation: Deakin University, Australia. Electronic address: lina.ricciardelli@deakin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Lina A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ricciardelli
authors.affiliation: University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frisén
authors.affiliation: Kenyon College, United States.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smolak
authors.affiliation: Victoria University, Australia.
authors.forename: Zali
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yager
authors.affiliation: Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
authors.affiliation: University of West of England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Phillippa C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Diedrichs
authors.affiliation: Northeastern University, United States.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franko
authors.affiliation: University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina Holmqvist
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Gattario
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D004328:Drive; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057228:Masculinity; D008402:Mass Media; D012925:Social Conformity; D066262:Social Norms; D013851:Thinness / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Leanness; Male; Masculine norms; Media internalization; Muscularity; Thinness