title: Human plasma concentrations of cytochrome P450 probes extrapolated from pharmacokinetics in cynomolgus monkeys using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.
abstract: 1. Cynomolgus monkeys are widely used in preclinical studies as non-human primate species. Pharmacokinetics of human cytochrome P450 probes determined in cynomolgus monkeys after single oral or intravenous administrations were extrapolated to give human plasma concentrations. 2. Plasma concentrations of slowly eliminated caffeine and R-/S-warfarin and rapidly eliminated omeprazole and midazolam previously observed in cynomolgus monkeys were scaled to human oral biomonitoring equivalents using known species allometric scaling factors and in vitro metabolic clearance data with a simple physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Results of the simplified human PBPK models were consistent with reported experimental PK data in humans or with values simulated by a fully constructed population-based simulator (Simcyp). 3. Oral administrations of metoprolol and dextromethorphan (human P450 2D probes) in monkeys reportedly yielded plasma concentrations similar to their quantitative detection limits. Consequently, ratios of in vitro hepatic intrinsic clearances of metoprolol and dextromethorphan determined in monkeys and humans were used with simplified PBPK models to extrapolate intravenous PK in monkeys to oral PK in humans. 4. These results suggest that cynomolgus monkeys, despite their rapid clearance of some human P450 substrates, could be a suitable model for humans, especially when used in conjunction with simple PBPK models.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan and.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utoh
authors.forename: Norie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008874:Midazolam / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D014859:Warfarin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine; D014859:Warfarin; D003915:Dextromethorphan; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D009853:Omeprazole; D008874:Midazolam
keywords: Cynomolgus monkey; P450 substrates; hepatic clearance; human; in vitro–in vivo extrapolation