title: Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles by aqueous extract of Gundelia tournefortii and evaluation of their catalytic activity for the synthesis of N-monosubstituted ureas and reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
abstract: A facile, efficient and environmentally-friendly protocol has been developed for the green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) by aqueous extract of Gundelia tournefortii as a mild, renewable and non-toxic reducing agent. CuO NPs were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDS, FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. More importantly, the green synthesized CuO NPs presented excellent catalytic activity for reduction of 4-nitrophenol and synthesis of N-monosubstituted ureas via hydration of cyanamides with the aid of acetaldoxime as an effective water surrogate in ethanol as a green solvent. The catalyst was easily separated and the recovered catalyst was reused many times without any significant loss of the catalytic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom 37185-359, Iran. Electronic address: mahmoudnasr81@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasrollahzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maham
authors.affiliation: Department of Petroleum Geoscience, Faculty of Science, Soran University, PO Box 624, Soran, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
authors.forename: S Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sajadi
mesh_terms: D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D003484:Cyanamide / Q000737:chemistry; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010091:Oximes / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D009596:Nitrophenols; D010091:Oximes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003484:Cyanamide; D003300:Copper; D014508:Urea; C023728:acetaldehyde oxime; C030973:cupric oxide; C024836:4-nitrophenol
keywords: 4-Nitrophenol; CuO NPs; Gundelia tournefortii; N-Monosubstituted ureas; Reduction