title: Association of hypertension and obesity with renal cell carcinoma risk: a report from the Shanghai Men's and Women's Health Studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Consistently reported associations between hypertension and obesity and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk have largely come from studies in Western populations. These associations were examined in a case-control study nested in the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS, 1996-2000) and Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS, 2001-2006).
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 271 incident RCC cases (124 women, 147 men) were identified through 31 December 2011, and 2,693 controls were individually matched by sex, age, and calendar time at cohort enrollment, and menopausal status (for women). Participants completed a structured questionnaire by in-person interview at baseline, and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-reported hypertension was associated with a significant 40 % increased risk of RCC among women and men (95 % CI 1.1, 1.9). Body mass index (BMI), modeled continuously, was associated with an elevated risk of RCC among men, with an OR of 1.5 (95 % CI 1.1, 2.0) per 5 kg/m(2) increase in BMI, but not among women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension is independently associated with risk of RCC among both women and men in Shanghai, while overweight and obesity appear to be associated with risk of RCC in Chinese men only.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 800, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xiao-Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Yong-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Hong-Lan
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lipworth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires