title: Adverse Drug Reactions in HIV/AIDS Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Penang, Malaysia.
abstract: In the current study we explored the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antiretroviral therapy among human immune-deficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients. We concluded an observational retrospective study in all patients who were diagnosed with HIV infection and were receiving highly active antiviral therapy from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2012 at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Patient socio-demographic details along with clinical features and susceptible ADRs were observed during the study period. Out of 743 patients, 571 (76.9%) were men, and 172 (23.1%) were women. Overall 314 (42.2%) patients experienced ADRs. A total of 425 ADRs were reported, with 311 (73.1%) occurring in men and 114 (26.8%) in women, with a significant statistical relationship (P value (P) = 0.02, OR = 1.21). Overall 239 (56.2%) ADRs were recorded among Chinese, 94 (22.1%) in Malay, and 71 (16.7%) in Indian patients, which had a statistically significant association with ADRs (P = 0.05, OR = 1.50). Out of a total 425 among ADRs, lipodystrophy was recorded in 151 (35.5%) followed by skin rashes in 80 (18.8%), anemia in 74 (17.4%), and peripheral neuropathy in 27 (6.3%) patients. These findings suggest a need of intensive monitoring of ADRs in HIV treatment centres across Malaysia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kashifullah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Amer Hayat
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Syed Azhar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Chow Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Soo
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akhtar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents