title: Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Polyomaviruses in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Young age and thiopurine therapy are risk factors for lymphoproliferative disease among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of seropositivity for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) among children and adolescents with IBD, to assess the viral load of EBV, CMV, and BK and JC polyomaviruses (BKV, JCV) in these patients, and to assess the influence of different therapeutic regimens on seroprevalence and viral load.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children who had been followed in our center were tested for EBV, CMV, BKV, and JCV in a cross-sectional study. One hundred and six children were included who had Crohn's disease (68%), ulcerative colitis (29%), and unclassified IBD (3%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 64% of patients were EBV seropositive. The proportion of EBV seropositive patients increased during childhood. Azathioprine therapy (p = 0.003) was associated with EBV seropositivity in a multiple logistic regression model, after adjusting for gender, age, and disease activity at determination. We found a significant association between the number of polymerase chain reaction copies and infliximab dose (p = 0.023). We did not find any significant association between CMV serology and CMV, BKV, or JCV viral load, or any other therapeutic regimen or clinical characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with azathioprine appears to be a risk factor for early EBV seropositivity in children with IBD, and the infliximab dose was associated with a higher EBV viral load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic. ondrej.hradsky@lfmotol.cuni.cz.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hradsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Copova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kristyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarubova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durilova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nevoral
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maminak
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hubacek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bronsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018153:Czech Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069285:Infliximab / Q000009:adverse effects; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012698:Serologic Tests; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069285:Infliximab; D001379:Azathioprine
keywords: Azathioprine; Cytomegalovirus; Epstein–Barr virus; Immunosuppressive therapy; Inflammatory bowel disease; Infliximab