title: Non-contrast cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation is feasible in case of renal insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal insufficiency (RI) is frequent in patients eligible for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and may be worsened by the use of contrast agents. We sought to determine the feasibility of CRT implantation without contrast injection in patients with contraindication to iodine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients eligible for CRT and presenting with RI were prospectively included (non-contrast NC group). A contemporary control group (CG) of CRT patients with contrast injection was used for comparison. An over-the-wire coronary sinus (CS) lead with an angled distal tip was selected for this "blind harpooning" technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients in the NC group were included (78 ± 7 years). Serum creatinine was 208 ± 86 μmol/L (glomerular filtration rate 33 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). CG included 25 patients (70 ± 7 years, serum creatinine 85 ± 21 μmol/L). CRT implantation was successful in 16/17 patients (94.1 %) without contrast injection. The mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were similar in the two groups: 146 ± 29 in the NC group versus 153 ± 25 min (p = 0.57) and 25 ± 12 in the NC group versus 23 ± 16 min (p = 0.7) respectively. The mean CS lead implantation time was 36 ± 19 (NC group) versus 39 ± 15 min (p = 0.64). No major procedure-related complications were observed in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRT implantation is feasible in the majority of the cases (94.1 %) without contrast injection and without lengthening the procedure time in patients with RI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Princess Grace Hospital, Pasteur Avenue, Monaco, Monaco (Principality). soksithikun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sok-Sithikun
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Princess Grace Hospital, Pasteur Avenue, Monaco, Monaco (Principality).
authors.forename: Decebal Gabriel
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Latcu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Princess Grace Hospital, Pasteur Avenue, Monaco, Monaco (Principality).
authors.forename: Abdelkarim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Errahmouni
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Princess Grace Hospital, Pasteur Avenue, Monaco, Monaco (Principality).
authors.forename: Nadir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saoudi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000075202:Contraindications; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: CRT; Non-contrast; Renal insufficiency