title: Posttraumatic stress disorder and somatic symptoms among child and adolescent survivors following the Lushan earthquake in China: A six-month longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore somatic conditions in a sample of 2299 child and adolescent survivors of an earthquake and their relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-13 scale, a short version of PHQ-15 scale that omits two items involving sexual pain/problems and menstrual problems, and a project-developed questionnaire were administered to participants three and six months after the earthquake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among child and adolescent survivors, the prevalence rates of probable PTSD were 37.4 and 24.2% three and six months, respectively, after the earthquake. The most common somatic symptoms were trouble sleeping (58.4 and 48.4%), feeling tired or having low energy (52.0 and 46.1%), and stomach pain (45.8 and 45.4%) after three and six months, respectively. Several specific somatic symptoms evaluated three months after the earthquake including trouble sleeping, headache, and shortness of breath were predictors of the overall PTSD symptoms evaluated six months after the earthquake. Additionally, the symptom of hyperarousal evaluated after three months could predict the overall somatic symptoms evaluated after six months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTSD and somatic symptoms were common after the earthquake, and a longitudinal association between PTSD and somatic symptoms was detected among child and adolescent survivors. These findings have implications in China and possibly elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: zh2000jun2000@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Baoxing County Education Bureau, Yaan 625700, China. Electronic address: 770939240@qq.com.
authors.forename: Shenyue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Chengdu Center of Disease Control, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: 71186054@qq.com.
authors.forename: Changhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: fullouter@163.com.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001143:Arousal; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D055866:Earthquakes; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012119:Respiration; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Child; Earthquake; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Predictors; Somatic