title: Fast-food consumption, diet quality and body weight: cross-sectional and prospective associations in a community sample of working adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between fast-food consumption, diet quality and body weight in a community sample of working adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional and prospective analysis of anthropometric, survey and dietary data from adults recruited to participate in a worksite nutrition intervention. Participants self-reported frequency of fast-food consumption per week. Nutrient intakes and diet quality, using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), were computed from dietary recalls collected at baseline and 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metropolitan medical complex, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred adults, aged 18-60 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-sectionally, fast-food consumption was significantly associated with higher daily total energy intake (β=72·5, P=0·005), empty calories (β=0·40, P=0·006) and BMI (β=0·73, P=0·011), and lower HEI-2010 score (β=-1·23, P=0·012), total vegetables (β=-0·14, P=0·004), whole grains (β=-0·39, P=0·005), fibre (β=-0·83, P=0·002), Mg (β=-6·99, P=0·019) and K (β=-57·5, P=0·016). Over 6 months, change in fast-food consumption was not significantly associated with changes in energy intake or BMI, but was significantly inversely associated with total intake of vegetables (β=-0·14, P=0·034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequency of fast-food consumption was significantly associated with higher energy intake and poorer diet quality cross-sectionally. Six-month change in fast-food intake was small, and not significantly associated with overall diet quality or BMI.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Epidemiology & Community Health,School of Public Health,University of Minnesota,Twin Cities,Minneapolis,MN 55454,USA.
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Epidemiology & Community Health,School of Public Health,University of Minnesota,Twin Cities,Minneapolis,MN 55454,USA.
authors.forename: Simone A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: French
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Epidemiology & Community Health,School of Public Health,University of Minnesota,Twin Cities,Minneapolis,MN 55454,USA.
authors.forename: Nathan R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Biostatistics,School of Public Health,University of Minnesota,Twin Cities,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D057140:Fast Foods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables; D000067348:Whole Grains; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adults; BMI; Diet quality; Fast food; Healthy Eating Index; Nutrient intake; Weight