title: Toll like receptor-4 gene polymorphisms in patients with solitary cysticercus granuloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Solitary cysticercus granuloma (SCG) of the brain is the most common type of neurocysticercosis in India. In this study, we evaluated TLR4 polymorphisms in patients with SCG.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred-forty-three patients with SCG and 134 controls were enrolled. Assessment for TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphism was done. TLR4 genotype was determined by PCR-sequencing chain termination method. The patients were followed for 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asp/Gly (P=0.024) and Thr/Ile (P=0.004) genotypes were significantly associated with the SCG. The Gly (Asp/Gly plus Gly/Gly) genotype (P=0.025) and Ile (Thr/Ile plus Ile/Ile) genotype (P=0.008) were significantly associated with the SCG. Gly/Gly and Ile/Ile genotypes were not significantly associated with SCG (P=0.767 for Gly/Gly, P=0.936 for Ile/Ile). At 6 months, TLR4 299Asp/Gly (P=0.02) and 399Ile/Thr (P=0.023) polymorphisms were significantly associated with the calcification or persistence of SCG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to infection with SCG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Akhilesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India. Electronic address: garg50@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ravindra Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Hardeep Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Shantanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Praveen Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006099:Granuloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000150:complications*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: Cysticercosis; Innate immunity; Neurocysticercosis; Ring enhancing lesion; Seizures; Toll-like receptors