title: Detection of tetrahydrocannabinol residues on hands by ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS). Correlation of IMS data with saliva analysis.
abstract: Ion-mobility spectroscopy (IMS) was evaluated as a high-throughput, cheap, and efficient analytical tool for detecting residues of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on hands. Regarding the usefulness of hand residues as potential samples for determining THC handling and abuse, we studied the correlation between data obtained from cannabis consumers who were classified as positive after saliva analysis and from those who were classified as positive on the basis of the information from hand-residue analysis. Sampling consisted of wiping the hands with borosilicate glass microfiber filters and introducing these directly into the IMS after thermal desorption. The possibility of false positive responses, resulting from the presence of other compounds with a similar drift time to THC, was evaluated and minimised by applying the truncated negative second-derivative algorithm. The possibility of false negative responses, mainly caused by competitive ionisation resulting from nicotine, was also studied. Graphical abstract THC residues: from hands to analytical signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Building, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonnberg
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armenta
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garrigues
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de la Guardia
mesh_terms: D002188:Cannabis / Q000737:chemistry; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000032:analysis*; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D013759:Dronabinol