title: Self-reported oral health, oral hygiene, and oral HPV infection in at-risk women in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the relationships among self-reported oral health, oral hygiene practices, and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience and referral sampling methods were used in a clinic-based setting to recruit 126 women aged 18-45 years between August and October 2013. Behavioral factors were self-reported. Oral-rinse samples were tested for HPV DNA of 2 low-risk and 13 high-risk genotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher unadjusted prevalence of oral HPV infection was associated with poorer self-rated overall oral health (P = .001), reported oral lesions or problems in the past year (P = .001), and reported a tooth loss not because of injury (P = .001). Higher unadjusted prevalence of oral HPV infection was also associated with two measures of oral hygiene: lower frequencies of toothbrushing per day (P = .047) and gargling without toothbrushing (P = .037). After adjusting for other factors in multivariable logistic regression models, poorer self-rated overall oral health remained statistically associated with oral HPV infection (P = .042); yet the frequency of tooth-brushing per day did not (P = .704).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results corroborate the association between self-reported poor oral health and oral HPV infection. The effect of oral hygiene on oral HPV infection remains inconclusive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Electronic address: tcbui@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Thanh Cong
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ly Thi-Hai
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Markham
authors.affiliation: Tu Du Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Thuy Thi-Thu
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Loi Thi
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Vy Thi-Tuong
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Quan Minh
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
authors.forename: Ngoc Hieu
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Lu-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Erich Madison
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sturgis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology