title: Caloric Restriction Effect on Proinflammatory Cytokines, Growth Hormone, and Steroid Hormone Concentrations during Exercise in Judokas.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caloric restriction on the immune and hormonal responses during exercise in judo athletes. In a randomised order, 11 male judokas (age: 20.45 ± 0.51; height: 1.71 ± 0.3 m; and body weight: 75.9 ± 3.1 kg) participate in this study during a period of weight maintenance (baseline) and after 7 days of caloric restriction (CR). All subjects performed the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) during the two conditions. Values for nutrient intakes were obtained from a 7 d food record kept during a period of weight maintenance and after a 7-day food restriction (-5~6 MJ/day). Our results showed that CR resulted in significant decreases in body weight (P < 0.05) and performance (P < 0.05). However, heart rate and SJFT index (P < 0.05) increase significantly during CR in comparison to baseline. Moreover, exercise leads to a significant increase in testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone (GH), leukocytes, neutrophils, TNF-α, and IL-6, in both CR and baseline conditions. Compared to baseline, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher during CR condition (P < 0.05). Additionally, CR leads to an increase in cortisol and GH (P < 0.05) and a decrease in testosterone concentrations (P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Sousse Faculty of Medicine, Avenue Mohamed Karoui, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abedelmalek
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization" National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hamdi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chtourou
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization" National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Nizar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Souissi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Sousse Faculty of Medicine, Avenue Mohamed Karoui, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Zouhair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tabka
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D001835:Body Weight; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013739:Testosterone; D013006:Growth Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone