title: LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination and Quantitation of Penicillin G and Its Metabolites in Citrus Fruits Affected by Huanglongbing.
abstract: In this study, we developed and validated a method for the extraction, identification, and quantitation of penicillin G and its metabolites (penilloic acid and penillic acid) in a variety of citrus fruits by employing sequential liquid/liquid and solid-phase extraction techniques in conjunction with UHPLC-MS/MS. Two product ion transitions per analyte were required for identification, which contributes to a high degree of selectivity. Corrected recoveries of penicillin G using an isotopically labeled internal standard were 90-100% at fortification levels of 0.1, 0.25, 1, and 10 ng/g. Absolute recoveries for penillic acid and penilloic acid were 50-75% depending on the matrix used. The limit of detection (LOD) of penicillin G and its metabolites was found to be 0.1 ng/g when 2 g of citrus was extracted. This method is useful in determining residue levels of penicillin G and its metabolites in citrus trees infected with huanglongbing bacteria after antibiotic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aldeek
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rosana
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Zaid K
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Crosswhite
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Casey W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Ghislain
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hammack
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 3125 Conner Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1650, United States.
authors.forename: Jo-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012230:Rhizobiaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010400:Penicillin G
keywords: antibiotic; extraction; method development; penillic acid; penilloic acid