title: Evaluation of host genetics on outcome of tuberculosis infection due to differences in killer immunoglobulin-like receptor gene frequencies and haplotypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is affected by virulence of the infecting strain of Mtb, host environment, co-morbidities, and the genetic composition of the host, specifically the presence or absence of genes involved in immune responses/regulation. It is hypothesized that specific killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes may be associated with Mtb infection and clinical outcome. This cross-sectional study examined the KIR gene frequencies, profiles, and haplotypes of individuals with active tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis infection, compared to TB and HIV negative healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of KIR gene frequencies revealed differences among disease status groups, suggesting that enrichment or depletion of specific KIR genes may direct the disease outcome. Mtb infected individuals were more likely to have a centromeric-AA haplotype compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences in KIR gene frequencies and haplotypes may result in differential cytokine expression, contributing to different disease outcomes, and suggest a genetic influence on Mtb susceptibility and pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, R3E 0 J9, MB, Canada. kali.a.braun@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kali
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, R3E 3R2, MB, Canada. Joyce.Wolfe@phac-aspc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, R3E 0 J9, MB, Canada. Sandra.Kiazyk@phac-aspc.gc.ca.|National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, R3E 3R2, MB, Canada. Sandra.Kiazyk@phac-aspc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiazyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, R3E 0 J9, MB, Canada. Meenu.Sharma@phac-aspc.gc.ca.|National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, R3E 3R2, MB, Canada. Meenu.Sharma@phac-aspc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Meenu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaushal Sharma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D054340:Receptors, KIR / Q000235:genetics*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054340:Receptors, KIR