title: A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) approach to study the combined effect of antimicrobial agents against bacterial pathogens.
abstract: The combination of antimicrobial agents has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to control bacterial diseases and to reduce the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains in clinical environments. In this study, the interaction between the lantibiotic bovicin HC5 with chloramphenicol, gentamicin, nisin, lysostaphin and hydrogen peroxide against Staphylococcus aureus O46 was evaluated by MIC assays. The central composite rotatable design (CCRD), a robust and economic statistical design, was used to combine concentration levels of different antimicrobials agents with distinct mechanisms of action and the presence of significant interactions among the antimicrobials was determined by regression analysis. According to the adjusted model, there were no significant interactions between bovicin HC5 and gentamicin, lysostaphin, nisin or hydrogen peroxide. However, bovicin HC5 showed a significant interaction (P < 0.02) with chloramphenicol. This is the first study applying the CCRD approach to evaluate the combined effect of antimicrobials against S. aureus. Based on our results, this approach is an effective strategy to determine synergistic interactions between antimicrobial agents applied in human and veterinary medicine against bacterial pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n - Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Godoy
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Layanne Andrade
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.forename: Hilário Cuquetto
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Mantovani
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008248:Lysostaphin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009561:Nisin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001430:Bacteriocins; D005839:Gentamicins; C514465:bovicin HC5, Streptococcus bovis HC5; D009561:Nisin; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008248:Lysostaphin