title: Body composition and bone mineral density in users of the etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is scarce information about bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (BC) among users of the etonogestrel (ENG)-releasing implant.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate BC and BMD in ENG-releasing implant users as compared to copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD)-users.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted on 75 users of both contraceptive methods. BMD was evaluated at femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) (L1-L4) and BC at baseline and at 12 months after insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (±SD) age was 30.4 ± 6.8 and 29.8 ± 8.4 years and body mass index (kg/m(2)) was 24.9 ± 4.1 and 24.6 ± 3.5 in ENG-releasing implant- and Cu-IUD-users, respectively. ENG-releasing implant users did not show significant differences on BMD at the LS and FN at 12 months of use. Furthermore, ENG-implant users had an increase in body weight at 12 months (p < 0.001) and an increase of 2 % in the percentage of body fat, when compared with Cu-IUD users. There was a significant increase in lean mass in ENG-implant users at 12 months (p = 0.020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant changes of BMD were seen after the first year of use among the ENG-releasing implant-users, albeit an increase of weight and fat mass was seen when compared to Cu-IUD users.
authors.affiliation: Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences and the National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6181, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil. waleskamodesto@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Waleska
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Modesto
authors.affiliation: Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences and the National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6181, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dal Ava
authors.affiliation: Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences and the National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6181, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ilza
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences and the National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6181, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bahamondes
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000009:adverse effects; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; C044815:etonogestrel; D017135:Desogestrel
keywords: Body composition; Bone mineral density; Etonogestrel-releasing implant