title: Adolescent and adult African Americans have similar metabolic dyslipidemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  African Americans (AAs) have lower triglyceride (TG) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than other ethnic groups; yet, they also have higher risk for developing diabetes mellitus despite the strong relationship of dyslipidemia with insulin resistance. No studies directly compare adolescents and adults with regard to relationships among dyslipidemia, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and insulin resistance. Here, we compare AA adolescents to adults with regard to the relationships of adiposity-related lipid risk markers (TG-to-HDL ratio and non-HDL-C) with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA), and hs-CRP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cohorts of healthy AA were recruited from the same urban community. Participants in each cohort were stratified by TG-to-HDL ratio (based on adult tertiles) and non-HDL-C levels. BMI, WC, HOMA, and hs-CRP were compared in adolescents and adults in the low-, middle-, and high-lipid strata.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of TG-to-HDL ratio greater than 2.028 (high group) was 16% (44 of 283) in adolescents and 33% (161 of 484) in adults; prevalence of non-HDL-C above 145 and 160, respectively, was 8% (22 of 283) in adolescents and 12% (60 of 484) in adults. Values of hs-CRP were lower, and HOMA values were higher in adolescents (both P < .01). As both TG-to-HDL ratio and non-HDL-C strata increased, BMI, WC, HOMA, and hs-CRP increased in both adolescents and adults. In the high TG-to-HDL ratio and non-HDL-C groups, BMI and WC were similar in adolescents vs adults (BMI, 34 kg/m(2) vs 32 kg/m(2); WC, 101 cm vs 101 cm). After adjusting for non-HDL-C and other covariates, a 2-fold increase in TG-to-HDL ratio was associated with increases of 10.4% in hs-CRP (95% CI, 1.1%-20.5%) and 24.2% in HOMA (95% CI, 16.4%-32.6%). Non-HDL-C was not significant in models having TG-to-HDL ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevated TG-to-HDL ratio is associated with similar inflammation and metabolic risk relationships in adolescent and adult AAs.
authors.affiliation: Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA. Electronic address: samuel.gidding@nemours.org.
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gidding
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sydney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Bonita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falkner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: HDL cholesterol; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Obesity; Risk factors; Triglycerides