title: Performance Enhancement of Pharmacokinetic Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography by Use of Adaptive Extended Kalman Filtering.
abstract: Due to both the physiological and morphological differences in the vascularization between healthy and diseased tissues, pharmacokinetic diffuse fluorescence tomography (DFT) can provide contrast-enhanced and comprehensive information for tumor diagnosis and staging. In this regime, the extended Kalman filtering (EKF) based method shows numerous advantages including accurate modeling, online estimation of multiparameters, and universal applicability to any optical fluorophore. Nevertheless the performance of the conventional EKF highly hinges on the exact and inaccessible prior knowledge about the initial values. To address the above issues, an adaptive-EKF scheme is proposed based on a two-compartmental model for the enhancement, which utilizes a variable forgetting-factor to compensate the inaccuracy of the initial states and emphasize the effect of the current data. It is demonstrated using two-dimensional simulative investigations on a circular domain that the proposed adaptive-EKF can obtain preferable estimation of the pharmacokinetic-rates to the conventional-EKF and the enhanced-EKF in terms of quantitativeness, noise robustness, and initialization independence. Further three-dimensional numerical experiments on a digital mouse model validate the efficacy of the method as applied in realistic biological systems.
authors.affiliation: College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Linhui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Yanqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D019295:Computational Biology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007208:Indocyanine Green