title: Levels of lipocalin-2 in crevicular fluid and tear fluid in chronic periodontitis and obesity subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lipocalin-2, a 25 kDa secretory glycoprotein, was first found in the neutrophilic granules of humans and in mouse kidney cells. It has been shown to have an important role in inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of lipocalin-2 in gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid in patients with obesity and chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 subjects in the age group 25-40 years were divided into four groups based on probing depth, gingival index, clinical attachment level, body mass index, and radiographic evidence of bone loss. The groups were: nonobese healthy group; obese healthy group; nonobese chronic periodontitis group; obese chronic periodontitis group Gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid samples were collected on the subsequent day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an increase in lipocalin-2 levels from group 1 to group 4 (with the nonobese healthy group showing the least levels and obese chronic periodontitis group showing the highest levels) in both gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipocalin-2 may be an important inflammatory marker that may help link obesity and chronic periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India. periodonticsgdcri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Avani Raju
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Kanika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karvekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Kaushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patnaik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D000071068:Lipocalin-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket; D010518:Periodontitis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000071068:Lipocalin-2
keywords: chronic periodontitis; gingival crevicular fluid; lipocalin-2; obesity; tear fluid