title: Development of controlled release nanoformulations of carbendazim employing amphiphilic polymers and their bioefficacy evaluation against Rhizoctonia solani.
abstract: Controlled release nanoformulations of carbendazim (Methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate), a systemic fungicide, have been prepared using laboratory synthesized poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs)-based functionalized amphiphilic copolymers. The release kinetics of carbendazim from developed controlled release (CR) formulations was studied and compared with that of the commercially available 50% Wettable Powder (WP). Further, the bioefficacy evaluation of developed formulations was done against plant pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani by the poison food technique method. The release of maximum amount of carbendazim from developed formulations was dependent on the molecular weight of PEGs and was found to increase with increasing molecular weights. The range of carbendazim release was found to be between 10th to 35th day as compared to commercial formulation which was up to 7th day. The diffusion exponent (n value) of carbendazim in water ranged from 0.37 to 0.52 in the tested formulations. The half-release (t1/2) values ranged between 9.47 and 24.20 days, and the period of optimum availability (POA) of carbendazim ranged from 9.15 to 26.63 days. Also, ED50 values of the developed formulations vary from 0.40 to 0.74 mg L(-1). These formulations can be used to optimize the release of carbendazim to achieve disease control for the desired period depending on the matrix of the polymer used.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi , India.
authors.forename: Pushpendra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koli
authors.forename: Braj B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Najam A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shakil
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Deeba
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kamil
mesh_terms: D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; C006698:carbendazim
keywords: Controlled release; Rhizoctonia solani; carbendazim; encapsulation; nanoformulations; sheath blight