title: Evaluation of the antiemetic efficacy of maropitant in dogs medicated with morphine and acepromazine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether maropitant (1 mg kg(-1)) injected subcutaneously (SC), administered simultaneously or 30 minutes prior to intramuscular (IM) administration of morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1)) and acepromazine (0.05 mg kg(-1)), reduces the incidence of salivation, retching and emesis in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled, prospective clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty dogs scheduled for an ovariohysterectomy as part of a population control program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were randomly allocated to be administered maropitant (1 mg kg(-1)) SC simultaneously (group M0) or 30 minutes prior to (group M30) administration of morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1)) and acepromazine (0.05 mg kg(-1)) IM. A control group was administered normal saline (C) at T-30 and T0. Dogs were observed for 30 minutes after morphine-acepromazine administration. The occurrence of vomiting, retching and salivation were recorded, as well as the time to first emesis and the number of emetic events per dog.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occurrence of salivation was not different between the groups. Retching and vomiting occurred significantly less frequently in M30 than in the other two groups (p < 0.02). The number of emetic events was also significantly less for M30 than for the other two groups (p = 0.01). When emesis occurred, the time to the first emetic event was similar among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maropitant (1 mg kg(-1)) SC reduced the frequency of morphine-induced emesis by as much as 70% when administered 30 minutes in advance. Simultaneous administration of maropitant and morphine-acepromazine produced no measurable effect on the frequency of retching or vomiting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: A Matías
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lorenzutti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín-Flores
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Nicolás J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Litterio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Martín A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Himelfarb
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: M Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zarazaga
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004285:Dogs; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000932:Antiemetics; D011812:Quinuclidines; C518176:maropitant; D000075:Acepromazine; D009020:Morphine
keywords: acepromazine; dogs; maropitant; morphine; vomiting