title: Asthma phenotypes in Turkey: a multicenter cross-sectional study in adult asthmatics; PHENOTURK study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate asthma phenotypes in patients with asthma from different regions of Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1400 adult asthmatic patients (mean (SD) age: 44.0 (13.9) years, 75% females) from 14 centers across Turkey were included in this study and a standard questionnaire was applied between the time period of February 2011-January 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disease onset ≥ 40 years of age was higher percentage in obese vs. normal/overweight patients and nonallergic vs. allergic patients (P < 0.01). The percentage of patients who had FEV1 values over 80% was higher in allergic than nonallergic and normal/overweight than obese patients (P < 0.01). Uncontrolled asthmatics have more severe disease (P < 0.01). There were more frequent hospital admissions in nonallergic and uncontrolled asthmatics (P < 0.01). Chronic rhino-sinusitis was the leading comorbid disorder in normal/overweight and allergic asthma, while gastroesophageal reflux disorder was more frequent in nonallergic and uncontrolled asthma (P < 0.01). Asthma control rate was the highest (39.0%) in patients from Marmara region among all geographical regions (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our findings revealed existence of clinical/trigger related phenotypes based on BMI, allergic status, control level and geographical region with more frequent respiratory dysfunction and/or adverse health outcomes in uncontrolled, obese and nonallergic phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fusun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilsad
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mungan
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gemicioglu
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yorgancioglu
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Ataturk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ferda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oner Erkekol
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Candan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ogus
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turktas
authors.affiliation: Diyarbakir State Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gunhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bogatekin
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fusun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Topcu
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deveci
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bayram
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Bulent Ecevit University School of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tor
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A Fuat
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kalyoncu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: allergy − asthma − control level − disease onset − obesity − phenotypes − severity