title: Increased Serum Interleukin-9 Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Pathogenic Role or Just an Epiphenomenon?
abstract: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the levels of IL-9 in patients with SLE and RA compared with controls and the association of IL-9 levels with clinical and laboratory parameters. IL-9 levels were assessed in 117 SLE patients, 67 RA patients, and 24 healthy controls by ELISA. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. The IL-9 serum levels were significantly higher in RA patients (4,77 ± 3,618 pg/mL) and in SLE patients (12,26 ± 25,235 pg/mL) than in healthy individuals (1,22 ± 0,706 pg/mL) (p < 0,001). In SLE patients, there were no statistically significant associations or correlations between the levels of IL-9 and SLEDAI or other clinical and laboratorial parameters, with the exception of disease time, which showed a statistically significant negative correlation with IL-9 levels (r = -0,1948; p = 0,0378). In RA patients, no association or statistically significant correlation was observed with disease duration, DAS28, HAQ, rheumatoid factor positivity, or erosions on radiography. These data demonstrated increased serum levels of IL-9 in SLE and RA patients, but further studies are needed to clarify the precise role of this cytokine and its potential use as therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisas em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (Nupit SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil ; Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, UFPE, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréa Tavares
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, UFPE, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Diniz Lopes
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisas em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (Nupit SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil ; Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, UFPE, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laurindo Ferreira
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: da Rocha Junior
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisas em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (Nupit SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Brayner
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisas em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (Nupit SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sayonara Maria Calado
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisas em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (Nupit SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pablo Ramon Gualberto
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisas em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (Nupit SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil ; Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, UFPE, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Henrique de Ataide
authors.initials: Hde A
authors.lastname: Mariz
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisas em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (Nupit SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rego
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, UFPE, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angela Luzia Branco Pinto
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisas em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (Nupit SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivan da Rocha
authors.initials: Ida R
authors.lastname: Pitta
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisas em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (Nupit SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maira Galdino da Rocha
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pitta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016906:Interleukin-9 / Q000097:blood*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508607:IL9 protein, human; D016906:Interleukin-9