title: Diagnostic and therapeutic research on ultrasound microbubble/nanobubble contrast agents (Review).
abstract: The contrast enhanced imaging function of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) has been extensively investigated using physical acoustic signatures. It has a number of novel applications, including tissue‑specific molecular imaging and multi‑modal imaging. In addition there are numerous other therapeutic applications of UCAs, for example as vehicles for drug or gene delivery. These uses are discussed, as well as the acoustically‑induced biological effects, including ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD). This review also explores the considerations for the safe use of UCA from an acoustic standpoint. The scope of the application of UCA has markedly expanded in recent years, and it is a rapidly growing field of medical research. The current article reviews recent advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ultrasound microbubble/nanobubble contrast agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chang Song
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lian Fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D045423:Microbubbles; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media