title: Acute kidney injury after open ventral hernia repair: an analysis of the 2005-2012 ACS-NSQIP datasets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious postoperative complication, negatively impacting mortality rates, extending length of stay, and raising hospital costs. The purpose of this study was to examine AKI following open ventral hernia repair (OVHR) using a large, heterogeneous database to determine the incidence and identify risk factors for this complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the 2005-2012 ACS-NSQIP database, patients undergoing open ventral hernia repair were identified by CPT codes. Patients with acute kidney injury within 30 days of surgery were compared to controls by multivariate logistic regression across preoperative and intraoperative characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 48,629 open ventral hernia repair patients identified in the dataset, AKI developed in 1.4% (681 patients). Multivariate logistic regression determined a number of factors associated with AKI. These include WHO Class III obesity (OR = 2.57, p < 0.001), history of cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.81, p < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.29, p = 0.028), hypoalbuminemia (OR = 1.42, p = 0.004), and chronic kidney disease (for a baseline GFR of 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2, OR = 1.62, p = 0.001; for 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2, OR = 2.25, p < 0.001; for 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2, OR = 4.96, p < 0.001). Intraoperative factors include prolonged operative time (for ≥1 SD above the mean, OR = 1.68, p = 0.002; for ≥2SD above the mean, OR = 2.76, p < 0.001) and intraoperative transfusion (OR = 2.44, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a history of obesity, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular history, diabetes, and hypoalbuminemia are at increased risk for AKI when undergoing OVHR. Intraoperative variables such as prolonged operative times and blood transfusions may also suggest increased risk. Preoperative identification of patients with these characteristics and perioperative hemodynamic stabilization are important first steps to minimize this complication.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. cyndichung@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wink
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Serletti
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kovach
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D000368:Aged; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006555:Hernia, Ventral / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Open ventral hernia repair