title: The Role of PARP-1 in Host-Pathogen Interaction and Cellular Stress Responses.
abstract: Cells are exposed to diverse stresses; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), which processes diverse signals and directs cells to specific fates (survival or death), is a key player in responses to cellular stress. PARP-1 usually uses NAD+ as a donor of ADP-ribose units to regulate the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose). Over 100 novel substrates of PARP-1 have been identified, most of which are involved in cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis and transcription regulation. In addition, PARP-1 functions in inflammation by modulating inflammatory-relevant gene expression. PARP-1 also is involved in the tissue damage caused by ischemia/reperfusion conditions. Common inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin [IL]-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) are regulated by PARP-1, which helps amplify nuclear factor-κB-mediated inflammation. PARP-1 plays a role in adaptive immunity by modulating the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate T cells. The expression of several genes (such as IL-2 and IL-10) and T-cell proliferation also are controlled by the activation of PARP-1. Inhibition of PARP-1 enzymatic activity attenuates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and therefore alleviates autoimmune diseases. PARP inhibitors may represent a new avenue for disease treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Qiming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Longxiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Mingliang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases