title: The Hand-Foot Skin Reaction and Quality of Life Questionnaire: An Assessment Tool for Oncology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin toxicity (hand-foot syndrome/hand-foot skin reaction, HFS/R) related to antineoplastic therapy is a significant issue in oncology practice, with potentially large impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient-reported questionnaire, the hand-foot skin reaction and quality of life (HF-QoL) questionnaire was developed to measure the HFS/R symptoms associated with cancer therapeutic agents and their effect on daily activities. The validity and reliability of the HF-QoL questionnaire was tested in a randomized trial of capecitabine with sorafenib/placebo in 223 patients with locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer. Other measures completed included patient ratings of condition severity, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast cancer (FACT-B), and the clinician-rated National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), version 3.0, hand-foot skin reaction grade. The psychometric properties of the HF-QoL tested included structural validity, internal consistency, construct validity, discriminant validity, and responsiveness. Finally, the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HF-QoL instrument comprises a 20-item symptom scale and an 18-item daily activity scale. Each scale demonstrated excellent measurement properties and discriminated between NCI-CTCAE grade and patient-rated condition severity with large effect sizes. The daily activity scale had excellent internal consistency and correlated with the FACT-B and HF-QoL symptom scores. Both HF-QoL scale scores increased linearly with increasing patient-rated condition severity. The MCIDs were estimated as 5 units for daily activities and 8 units for symptoms mean scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HF-QoL was sensitive to symptoms and HRQL issues associated with HFS/R among participants treated with capecitabine with and without sorafenib. The HF-QoL appears suitable for assessing the HRQL impairment associated with HFS/R to cancer therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Skin toxicity related to anticancer therapies is a significant issue in oncology practice. Several newer agents, as well as older therapies, are associated with the skin toxicity known as hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) or hand-foot syndrome (HFS). This study describes the development and validation of a brief, patient-reported questionnaire (the hand-foot skin reaction and quality of life questionnaire) supporting its suitability for use in clinical research to aid in early recognition of symptoms, to evaluate the effectiveness of agents for HFS/R treatment within clinical trials, and to evaluate the impact of these treatments on HFS/R-associated patients' health-related quality of life.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey, USA; ICON Clinical Research U.K., Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom rtanders@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Roger T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey, USA; ICON Clinical Research U.K., Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karen N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey, USA; ICON Clinical Research U.K., Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Helen A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Doll
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey, USA; ICON Clinical Research U.K., Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Camacho
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D060831:Hand-Foot Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Hand-foot skin reaction; Hand-foot syndrome; Multikinase inhibitors; Oncology; Quality of life; Symptom assessment