title: The Use of Atomic Force Microscopy for 3D Analysis of Nucleic Acid Hybridization on Microarrays.
abstract: Oligonucleotide microarrays are considered today to be one of the most efficient methods of gene diagnostics. The capability of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the three-dimensional morphology of single molecules on a surface allows one to use it as an effective tool for the 3D analysis of a microarray for the detection of nucleic acids. The high resolution of AFM offers ways to decrease the detection threshold of target DNA and increase the signal-to-noise ratio. In this work, we suggest an approach to the evaluation of the results of hybridization of gold nanoparticle-labeled nucleic acids on silicon microarrays based on an AFM analysis of the surface both in air and in liquid which takes into account of their three-dimensional structure. We suggest a quantitative measure of the hybridization results which is based on the fraction of the surface area occupied by the nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/2, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Dubrovin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Presnova
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: M Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Rubtsova
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991, Moscow, Russia ; Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Barrikadnaya, 2/1, 125993, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Egorov
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Grigorenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/2, 119991, Moscow, Russia ; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Yaminsky
keywords: CTXM type β-lactamases; DNA; atomic force microscopy; gold nanoparticles; hybridization; oligonucleotide microarrays