title: Etoxazole resistance in predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis A.-H. (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Cross-resistance, inheritance and biochemical resistance mechanisms.
abstract: Phytoseiulus persimilis of the family Phytoseiidae is an effective predatory mite species that is used to control pest mites. The LC50 and LC60 values of etoxazole were determined on P. persimilis using a leaf-disc method and spraying tower. A laboratory selection population designated ETO6 was found to have a 111.63-fold resistance to etoxazole following 6 selection cycles. This population developed low cross-resistance to spinosad, spiromesifen, acetamiprid, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, milbemectin and moderate cross-resistance to deltamethrin. PBO, IBP and DEM synergised resistance 3.17-, 2.85- and 3.60-fold respectively. Crossing experiments revealed that etoxazole resistance in the ETO6 population was an intermediately dominant and polygenic. In addition, detoxifying enzyme activities were increased 2.71-fold for esterase, 3.09-fold for glutathione S-transferase (GST) and 2.76-fold for cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) in the ETO6 population. Selection for etoxazole under laboratory conditions resulted in the development of etoxazole resistance in the predatory mite P. persimilis that are resistant to pesticides are considered valuable for use in resistance management programmes within integrated pest control strategies.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Suleyman Demirel University, Çunur, Isparta 32260, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yorulmaz Salman
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Suleyman Demirel University, Çunur, Isparta 32260, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aydınlı
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Suleyman Demirel University, Çunur, Isparta 32260, Turkey. Electronic address: recepay@ziraat.sdu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008297:Male; D008925:Mites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010080:Oxazoles; D010575:Pesticides; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004950:Esterases; C508136:etoxazole
keywords: Detoxification enzymes; Etoxazole; Inheritance; Phytoseiulus persimilis; Resistance; Synergist