title: The Monkey game: A computerized verbal working memory task for self-reliant administration in primary school children.
abstract: In two studies, the psychometric properties of an online self-reliant verbal working memory task (the Monkey game) for primary school children (6-12 years of age) were examined. In Study 1, children (n = 5,203) from 31 primary schools participated. The participants completed computerized verbal and visual-spatial working memory tasks (i.e., the Monkey game and the Lion game) and a paper-and-pencil version of Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Reading comprehension and math achievement test scores were obtained from the schools. First, the internal consistency of the Monkey game was examined. Second, multilevel modeling was used to examine the effects of classroom membership. Multilevel multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the Monkey game's concurrent relationship with the Lion game and its predictive relationships with reading comprehension and math achievement. Also, age-related differences in performance were examined. In Study 2, the concurrent relationships between the Monkey game and two tester-led computerized working memory tasks were further examined (n = 140). Also, the 1- and 2-year stability of the Monkey game was investigated. The Monkey game showed excellent internal consistency, good concurrent relationships with the other working memory measures, and significant age differences in performance. Performance on the Monkey game was also predictive of subsequent reading comprehension and mathematics performance, even after controlling for individual differences in intelligence. Performance on the Monkey game was influenced by classroom membership. The Monkey game is a reliable and suitable instrument for the online computerized and self-reliant assessment of verbal working memory in primary school children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands. e.vandeweijer@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van de Weijer-Bergsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Evelyn H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kroesbergen
authors.affiliation: Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Shahab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jolani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes E H
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Van Luit
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics / Q000193:education; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009862:Online Systems; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011932:Reading; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014706:Verbal Learning
keywords: Children; Computerized assessment; Psychometric properties; Verbal working memory