title: A Survey of Ultrasound Training in U.S. and Canadian Chronic Pain Fellowship Programs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the current state of ultrasound training in U.S. and Canadian Chronic Pain Fellowship programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  U.S. as well as Canadian chronic pain fellowship programs were contacted via email and program directors were asked to complete a survey. The surveys were completed online using a questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire via email.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To assess the current state of ultrasound training in U.S. and Canadian Chronic Pain Fellowship programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current teaching structure, types, and numbers of ultrasound-guided interventional pain procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one responses (30.7%) from the 97 U.S. and four Canadian programs surveyed. Of the 31 programs that responded, 26 offered ultrasound training; five did not. These 31 programs averaged 4.1 fellows per year, majority 96.2% of the 26 programs taught ultrasound throughout the fellowship year. The type of ultrasound training varied, with the large majority 96.2% being patient based. Among 26 programs, 96.2% used ultrasound for peripheral nerve blocks, 76.9% used ultrasound for non-axial musculoskeletal injections, and 53.8% used ultrasound for axial nerve blocks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic pain fellowships were teaching ultrasound-guided procedures to their fellows. The majority of the fellowships offered ultrasound training throughout the fellowship year. A majority of training was accomplished via hands-on experience with patients. Chronic pain fellows were receiving a majority of ultrasound training for peripheral nerve blocks, followed by nonaxial musculoskeletal blocks, with few axial nerve blocks being taught.
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Medical Center.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Medical Center.
authors.forename: Sanjib D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Adhikary
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Medical Center.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giampetro
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Medical Center.
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stolzenberg
mesh_terms: D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002170:Canada; D003479:Curriculum; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States
keywords: Fellowship; Pain; Training; Ultrasound