title: Neural substrates of negativity bias in women with and without major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The functional localization of negativity bias, an influential index of emotion information processing, has yet to be identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depressed (n=47) and healthy participants (n=58) completed a clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, symptom checklists, a behavioral task to measure negativity bias, and then viewed positive and negative images of social and nonsocial scenes during an event-related fMRI task. Two subsamples of participants with high (i.e., 75%; n=26) and low (i.e., 25%; n=26) negativity bias scores were as included in subsequent analyses to examine neural differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressed participants with a higher, relative to lower, negative bias showed significantly greater neural activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High negativity bias evokes a distinctive pattern of brain activation in the frontal cortex of depressed participants. Increased activation occurred in the left inferior frontal gyrus, related to Brodmann area 44, which is associated with language and semantic processing, response inhibition, and cognitive reappraisal. This finding may reflect an abnormality in integrative emotional processing rather than processing of individual emotional dimensions in depressed participants with negativity bias.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA. Electronic address: j-gollan@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Jackie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gollan
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Denada
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoxha
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Laina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosebrock
authors.affiliation: The University of Chicago, Center for Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cacioppo
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Csernansky
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, USA.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Affective reactivity; Major depression; Negativity bias; Neural activation; Valence