title: Revisiting classic clines in Drosophila melanogaster in the age of genomics.
abstract: Adaptation to spatially varying environments has been studied for decades, but advances in sequencing technology are now enabling researchers to investigate the landscape of genetic variation underlying this adaptation genome wide. In this review we highlight some of the decades-long research on local adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster from well-studied clines in North America and Australia. We explore the evidence for parallel adaptation and identify commonalities in the genes responding to clinal selection across continents as well as discussing instances where patterns differ among clines. We also investigate recent studies utilizing whole-genome data to identify clines in D. melanogaster and several other systems. Although connecting segregating genomic variation to variation in phenotypes and fitness remains challenging, clinal genomics is poised to increase our understanding of local adaptation and the selective pressures that drive the extensive phenotypic diversity observed in nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Adrion
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: bscooper@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Brandon S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D017753:Ecosystem; D014644:Genetic Variation; D049750:Genome, Insect; D023281:Genomics; D010641:Phenotype
keywords: latitudinal cline; local adaptation; spatially varying selection