title: [Demoralization: A Concept Analysis].
abstract: Demoralization is a relatively new diagnosis that has received increased attention in recent years. This condition is most frequently diagnosed in hospice, cancer, and critical illness patients. Serious demoralization may induce suicide ideation. The current literature on demoralization primarily elaborates on the history of this condition and on the reliability / validation of scales developed to assess demoralization in patients. The present paper conducts a concept analysis of demoralization in accordance with the concept analysis steps outlined by Walker and Avant. We elucidate the definition of relevant terms and identify the characteristic attributes, antecedents, and consequences of demoralization. Additionally, this paper provides examples of model, borderline, contrary, relevant cases and reviews relevant empirical data. We hope this concept analysis enhances the understanding of demoralization among clinical caregivers, increases the general understanding of the methods available to assess demoralization, and, ultimately, helps set patients free of their demoralization haze.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Fan-Hao
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, ROC. hhwang@kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Huang
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009013:Morale
keywords: concept analysis; demoralization