title: Interactions between Innate Immunity, Microbiota, and Probiotics.
abstract: The term "microbiota" means genetic inheritance associated with microbiota, which is about 100 times larger than the guest. The tolerance of the resident bacterial flora is an important key element of immune cell function. A key role in the interaction between the host and the microbiota is played by Paneth cell, which is able to synthesize and secrete proteins and antimicrobial peptides, such as α/β defensins, cathelicidin, 14 β-glycosidases, C-type lectins, and ribonuclease, in response to various stimuli. Recent studies found probiotics able to preserve intestinal homeostasis by downmodulating the immune response and inducing the development of T regulatory cells. Specific probiotic strain, as well as probiotic-driven metabolic products called "postbiotics," has been recently recognized and it is able to influence innate immunity. New therapeutic approaches based on probiotics are now available, and further treatments based on postbiotics will come in the future.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Endoscopy & Nutrition Unit, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Piazzale dell'Umanesimo 10, 00144 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: GianMarco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giorgetti
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "Cristo Re" Hospital, Via delle Calasanziane 25, 00167 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brandimarte
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Unit, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Piazzale dell'Umanesimo 10, 00144 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabiocchi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Unit, "Umberto I" Hospital, Viale del Policliniuco 185, 00186 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Unit, "Umberto I" Hospital, Viale del Policliniuco 185, 00186 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flamini
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Unit, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Piazzale dell'Umanesimo 10, 00144 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, "S. Eugenio" Hospital, Piazzale dell'Umanesimo 10, 00144 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Trotta
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, ASL Roma H, Via Borgo Garibaldi 12, Albano Laziale, 00041 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Elisei
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, "S. Paolo" Hospital, Contrada Capo Scardicchio 82, 00123 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "Cristo Re" Hospital, Via delle Calasanziane 25, 00167 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Piera Giuseppina
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Lecca
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, "P. Colombo" Hospital, ASL Roma H, Via Orti Ginnetti 7, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picchio
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Service, ASL BAT, Via Torino 49, 76123 Andria, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5767-5541
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tursi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D019879:Paneth Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*