title: Cytokine profile in severe Gram-positive and Gram-negative abdominal sepsis.
abstract: Sepsis is a principal cause of death in critical care units worldwide and consumes considerable healthcare resources. The aim of our study was to determine whether the early cytokine profile can discriminate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteraemia (GPB and GNB, respectively) and to assess the prognostic value regarding outcome in critically ill patients with severe abdominal sepsis. The outcome measure was hospital mortality. Blood samples were obtained from 165 adult patients with confirmed severe abdominal sepsis. Levels of the proinflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-8, IL-12 and IFN-γ and the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were determined and correlated with the nature of the bacteria isolated from the blood culture and outcome. The cytokine profile in our study indicated that the TNF-α levels were 2-fold, IL-8 were 3.3-fold, IFN-γ were 13-fold, IL-1ra were 1.05-fold, IL-4 were 1.4-fold and IL-10 were 1.83-fold higher in the GNB group compared with the GPB group. The TNF-α levels were 4.7-fold, IL-8 were 4.6-fold, IL-1ra were 1.5-fold and IL-10 were 3.3-fold higher in the non-survivors compared with the survivors.
authors.affiliation: 1] Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade 11000, Serbia [2] Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Surbatovic
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia [2] Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade 11000, Serbia [2] Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vojvodic
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia [2] Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Milosevic
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Acimovic
authors.affiliation: 1] School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia [2] Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stojicic
authors.affiliation: 1] Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade 11000, Serbia [2] Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Milic
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veljovic
authors.affiliation: 1] Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia [2] Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69,Kragujevac 34000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jasna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jevdjic
authors.affiliation: 1] Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade 11000, Serbia [2] Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Djordjevic
authors.affiliation: 1] Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade 11000, Serbia [2] Sector of Preventive Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radakovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016470:Bacteremia; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D012372:ROC Curve; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators