title: Subgingival microbiome in patients with healthy and ailing dental implants.
abstract: Dental implants are commonly used to replace missing teeth. However, the dysbiotic polymicrobial communities of peri-implant sites are responsible for peri-implant diseases, such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. In this study, we analyzed the microbial characteristics of oral plaque from peri-implant pockets or sulci of healthy implants (n = 10), peri-implant mucositis (n = 8) and peri-implantitis (n = 6) sites using pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. An increase in microbial diversity was observed in subgingival sites of ailing implants, compared with healthy implants. Microbial co-occurrence analysis revealed that periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia, were clustered into modules in the peri-implant mucositis network. Putative pathogens associated with peri-implantitis were present at a moderate relative abundance in peri-implant mucositis, suggesting that peri-implant mucositis an important early transitional phase during the development of peri-implantitis. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Eubacterium was increased at peri-implantitis locations, and co-occurrence analysis revealed that Eubacterium minutum was correlated with Prevotella intermedia in peri-implantitis sites, which suggests the association of Eubacterium with peri-implantitis. This study indicates that periodontal pathogens may play important roles in the shifting of healthy implant status to peri-implant disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: The Third Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100011, China.
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Zicheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Lianshuo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Jieni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST and Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Jiuxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D005051:Eubacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S