title: Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Compared to Stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fatigue is typically associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), but recent studies suggest that it is also a problem for patients with stroke. While a direct comparison of fatigue in, e.g., Stroke and MS is desirable, it is presently not easily possible because of different definitions and assessment tools used for the two conditions. In the present study, we therefore assessed fatigue in Stroke and MS using a generic, not disease-specific instrument to allow transdiagnostic comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 137 patients with MS and 102 patients with chronic stroke completed the SF-36, a generic questionnaire assessing health related quality of life. Fatigue was measured through the vitality scale of the SF-36. The vitality scale consists of two positive items ("lot of energy," "full of life") and two negative ones ("worn out," "tired"). The two negative ones were scaled in reverse order. The vitality scale has been recommended as reciprocal index of fatigue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normalized vitality scores in MS (35.3) and stroke (42.1) were clearly lower than published reference values from the SF-36 in age-matched healthy controls. The sum score of the vitality items was lower in MS than in stroke patients. This difference could not be explained by age, gender, or the Physical Functioning Scale of the SF-36. Both patient groups showed no positive correlation between fatigue and physical functioning. Fatigue - as determined with the vitality scale of the SF-36 - correlated with the estimated working capacity in MS patients, but not in stroke patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm high fatigue in MS and stroke patients with higher values in MS. Fatigue has a higher impact on working capacity in MS than in stroke. Fatigue in both patient groups is not a direct consequent of physical functioning/impairment. Vitality score of the SF-36 is a suitable transdiagnostic measure for the assessment of fatigue in stroke and MS.
authors.affiliation: Kliniken Schmieder Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lukoschek
authors.affiliation: University of Surrey , Guildford , UK ; University of Freiburg , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany ; Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sterr
authors.affiliation: Kliniken Schmieder Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany ; Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder Allensbach , Allensbach , Germany.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Claros-Salinas
authors.affiliation: Kliniken Schmieder Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gütler
authors.affiliation: Kliniken Schmieder Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany ; Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder Allensbach , Allensbach , Germany ; Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dettmers
keywords: SF-36; assessment; fatigue; multiple sclerosis; questionnaire; stroke; vitality