title: Maternal nutrition influences angiogenesis in the placenta through peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: A novel hypothesis.
abstract: Placental angiogenesis is critical to maintain adequate blood flow during gestation, and any alterations in this process can result in an adverse pregnancy. Growing evidence indicates that suboptimal maternal nutrition can alter placental development. Although the underlying mechanisms are not clear, maternal nutrition likely influences the expression of genes involved in placental development through regulation of various transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which can be activated by ligands including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Indeed, several studies demonstrated a role for PPAR in implantation, trophoblast differentiation, and angiogenesis. Alterations in maternal nutrition during pregnancy can affect the expression of PPARs via epigenetic mechanisms or through homocysteine, which is known to compete for PPARs. This review discusses the role of maternal nutrition-particularly micronutrients like folate, vitamin B12 , and omega-3 fatty acids-in modulating the activity of PPARs during placentation and angiogenesis, which affects placental and fetal growth. Additional animal and human studies need to be undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which maternal nutrition regulates PPARs, specifically to determine whether PPARs affect placental angiogenesis directly through angiogenic factors or indirectly by modulating trophoblast differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Akshaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meher
authors.affiliation: Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Deepali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sundrani
authors.affiliation: Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors