title: Athletes with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators.
abstract: Athletes with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) represent a diverse group of individuals who may be at an increased risk of sudden cardiac death when engaging in vigorous physical activity. Therefore, they are excluded by the current guidelines from participating in most competitive sports except those classified as low intensity, such as bowling and golf. The lack of substantial data on the natural history of the cardiac diseases affecting these athletes as well as the unknown efficacy of ICDs in terminating life-threatening arrhythmias occurring during intense exercise has resulted in the restrictive nature of these now decade old guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System-Austin, 1000 First Street Northwest, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
authors.forename: Shiva P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ponamgi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Mary Brigh Building 4-506, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: DeSimone
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Mary Brigh Building 4-506, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, 200 First Street Southwest, Guggenheim 5-01, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: Ackerman.Michael@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ackerman
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000628:therapy*; D056352:Athletes; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D064846:Sports for Persons with Disabilities / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Arrhythmia; Athlete; Bethesda Conference; European Society of Cardiology (ESC); Exercise; Implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD); Long QT syndrome; Sudden cardiac death