title: Comparison of 3 marking techniques in preoperative assessment of toric intraocular lenses using a wavefront aberrometer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy of 3 corneal horizontal meridian marking techniques using the iTrace Surgical Workstation in preoperative assessment for toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective comparative observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were allocated into 3 groups. Three techniques-marking with a nonpendular marker with a surgeon's direct visualization, slitlamp-assisted marking with a pendulum-attached marker, and slitlamp-assisted marking with a horizontal slit beam-were used to perform the horizontal meridian marking. The marks were immediately documented and aligned with the Zaldivar toric caliper transparent topographic map. Using a horizontal reference meridian determined by the toric caliper, the accuracy of corneal horizontal marking techniques was quantitatively evaluated by determining the rotational deviation and vertical misalignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For rotational deviation, the pendular marking showed the fewest errors to the horizontal reference meridian (mean error -0.66 degrees; mean absolute error [MAE] 3.77 degrees). There was a significant difference between the pendular marking and the surgeon's direct visual marking. For the MAE, the pendular marking showed less deviation than the surgeon's direct visual marking and the horizontal slit-beam marking. With vertical misalignment, there was no significant difference between the 3 different corneal horizontal meridian marking techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The slitlamp-assisted technique with the pendulum-attached marker was more precise than marking with a nonpendular marker with a surgeon's direct visualization and marking with a horizontal slit beam in preoperative assessment for toric IOLs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Vision Research (Y.J. Woo, H. Lee, H.S. Kim, E.K. Kim, K.Y. Seo, T-i. Kim), Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Ophthalmology (H. Lee), International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, and the Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science (E.K. Kim), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Vision Research (Y.J. Woo, H. Lee, H.S. Kim, E.K. Kim, K.Y. Seo, T-i. Kim), Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Ophthalmology (H. Lee), International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, and the Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science (E.K. Kim), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Vision Research (Y.J. Woo, H. Lee, H.S. Kim, E.K. Kim, K.Y. Seo, T-i. Kim), Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Ophthalmology (H. Lee), International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, and the Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science (E.K. Kim), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Vision Research (Y.J. Woo, H. Lee, H.S. Kim, E.K. Kim, K.Y. Seo, T-i. Kim), Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Ophthalmology (H. Lee), International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, and the Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science (E.K. Kim), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eung Kweon
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Vision Research (Y.J. Woo, H. Lee, H.S. Kim, E.K. Kim, K.Y. Seo, T-i. Kim), Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Ophthalmology (H. Lee), International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, and the Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science (E.K. Kim), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Yul
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Vision Research (Y.J. Woo, H. Lee, H.S. Kim, E.K. Kim, K.Y. Seo, T-i. Kim), Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Ophthalmology (H. Lee), International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, and the Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science (E.K. Kim), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: tikim@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Tae-im
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D057128:Aberrometry; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002386:Cataract / Q000628:therapy; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D057108:Corneal Wavefront Aberration / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000379:methods*; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies