title: The Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-1β is a Key Regulatory Factor for the Postictal Suppression in Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The postictal suppression (PS) is a common and important period following an epileptic seizure but has not been well studied. This study was designed to determine whether interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is involved in the PS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of IL-1β on the PS were tested in three independent seizure models induced by hippocampal kindling, maximal electroshock seizure (MES), and 4-aminopyridine, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1R1 knockout or IL-1RA enhanced the seizure refractory phenomenon without influencing the baseline seizure threshold in intermittent MES model. IL-1β attenuated the seizure refractory phenomenon without affecting the severity of the preceding seizures in hippocampal kindling model, while IL-1RA enhanced it. Besides, IL-1β reduced the postictal EEG suppression period, while IL-1RA prolonged it. And IL-1β showed no further effect on the postictal EEG suppression and seizure refractory phenomenon in IL-1R1 knockout mice. In addition, 30 min after intrahippocampal injection of 4-aminopyridine, IL-1β increased the incidence of SE, while IL-1RA prolonged the intervals between recurrent seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first direct evidence that IL-1β is key regulatory factor for the PS, and its receptor IL-1R1 may be a potential target for adjuvant treatment of postictal problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: An-Feng
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Hao
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yang-Shun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Ceng-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Li-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004597:Electroshock; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053573:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D012640:Seizures / Q000378:metabolism*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C508585:IL1B protein, human; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; C583355:IL1R1 protein, mouse; C507764:Il1rn protein, mouse; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053573:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015761:4-Aminopyridine
keywords: Epilepsy; Inflammation; Interleukin-1 Receptor Type I; Interleukin-1 beta; Seizures