title: Iron Homeostasis and Trypanosoma brucei Associated Immunopathogenicity Development: A Battle/Quest for Iron.
abstract: African trypanosomosis is a chronic debilitating disease affecting the health and economic well-being of developing countries. The immune response during African trypanosome infection consisting of a strong proinflammatory M1-type activation of the myeloid phagocyte system (MYPS) results in iron deprivation for these extracellular parasites. Yet, the persistence of M1-type MYPS activation causes the development of anemia (anemia of chronic disease, ACD) as a most prominent pathological parameter in the mammalian host, due to enhanced erythrophagocytosis and retention of iron within the MYPS thereby depriving iron for erythropoiesis. In this review we give an overview of how parasites acquire iron from the host and how iron modulation of the host MYPS affects trypanosomosis-associated anemia development. Finally, we also discuss different strategies at the level of both the host and the parasite that can/might be used to modulate iron availability during African trypanosome infections.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium ; Department of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stijlemans
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium ; Department of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beschin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium ; Department of Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium ; Department of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jo A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Van Ginderachter
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium ; Department of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Baetselier
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007501:Iron