title: Osteogenic potential of dualblocks cultured with human periodontal ligament stem cells: in vitro and synchrotron microtomography study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, the early stages of in vitro bone formation in collagenated porcine scaffolds cultured with human periodontal ligament cells were investigated. The comparison between the osteogenic potential of this structure in basal and differentiating culture media was explored to predict the mechanism of its biological behavior as graft in human defect. Results were validated by synchrotron radiation X-Ray phase contrast computed microtomography (micro-CT). As the periodontal disease plays a key role in systemic and oral diseases, it is crucial to find advanced therapeutic clinical interventions to repair periodontal defects. This has been recently explored using cells and tissues developed in vitro that should ideally be immunologically, functionally, structurally and mechanically identical to the native tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro cultures of human periodontal ligament cells, easily obtained by scraping of alveolar crestal and horizontal fibers of the periodontal ligament, were seeded on to collagenated porcine blocks constituted by natural cancellous and cortical bone. 3D images were obtained by synchrotron radiation micro-CT and processed with a phase-retrieval algorithm based on the transport of intensity equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Starting from the second week of culture, newly formed mineralized bone was detected in all the scaffolds, both in basal and differentiating media. Bone mineralization was proved to occur preferentially in the trabecular portion and in differentiating media.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chosen method, supported by phase contrast micro-CT analysis, successfully and quantitatively monitored the early stages of bone formation and the rate of the bioscaffold resorption in basal and differentiating culture media.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Sezione di Biochimica, Biologia e Fisica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manescu
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Sezione di Biochimica, Biologia e Fisica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.affiliation: Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Basovizza (Trieste), Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Basovizza (Trieste), Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tromba
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Sezione di Biochimica, Biologia e Fisica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazzoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Diomede
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, IGM and SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, IOR, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Trubiani
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D013234:Stem Cells; D013552:Swine; D017356:Synchrotrons
keywords: bone regeneration; human periodontal ligament stem cells; phase contrast tomography; synchrotron radiation