title: Children at risk: A comparison of child pedestrian traffic collisions in Santiago, Chile, and Seoul, South Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examine and compare pedestrian-vehicle collisions and injury outcomes involving school-age children between 5 and 18 years of age in the capital cities of Santiago, Chile, and Seoul, South Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conduct descriptive analysis of the child pedestrian-vehicle collision (P-VC) data (904 collisions for Santiago and 3,505 for Seoul) reported by the police between 2010 and 2011. We also statistically analyze factors associated with child P-VCs, by both incident severity and age group, using 3 regression models: negative binomial, probit, and spatial lag models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Descriptive statistics suggest that child pedestrians in Seoul have a higher risk of being involved in traffic crashes than their counterparts in Santiago. However, in Seoul a greater proportion of children are unharmed as a result of these incidents, whereas more child pedestrians are killed in Santiago. Younger children in Seoul suffer more injuries from P-VCs than in Santiago. The majority of P-VCs in both cities tend to occur in the afternoon and evening, at intersections in Santiago and at midblock locations in Seoul. Our model results suggest that the resident population of children is positively associated with P-VCs in both cities, and school concentrations apparently increase P-VC risk among older children in Santiago. Bus stops are associated with higher P-VCs in Seoul, and subway stations relate to higher P-VCs among older children in Santiago. Zone-level land use mix was negatively related to child P-VCs in Seoul but not in Santiago. Arterial roads are associated with fewer P-VCs, especially for younger children in both cities. A share of collector roads is associated with increased P-VCs in Seoul but fewer P-VCs in Santiago. Hilliness is related to fewer P-VCs in both cities. Differences in these model results for Santiago and Seoul warrant additional analysis, as do the differences in results across model type (negative binomial versus spatial lag models).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To reduce child P-VCs, this study suggests the need to assess subway station and bus stop area conditions in Santiago and Seoul, respectively; areas with high density of schools in Santiago; areas with greater concentrations of children in both cities; and collector roads in Seoul.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Engineering Science , Universidad Andres Bello , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blazquez
authors.affiliation: b School of Urban & Civil Engineering, Hongik University , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urban Studies & Planning , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zegras
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D002947:Cities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000069636:Pedestrians; D012306:Risk; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D066106:Seoul / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Santiago; Seoul; child pedestrian–vehicle collisions; descriptive comparison; negative binomial regression model; spatial lag regression models