title: Survey of iodine nutritional status in 2011, Zhejiang, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Universal salt iodization (USI) was introduced in China in 1995, but whether the iodine status is optimal is questionable. This study was conducted to assess the iodine nutrition among Zhejiang population in coastal regions in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey for iodine nutritional status was conducted with general population (n=10,350), including pregnant and lactating women (n=450 each) selected by stratified multistage sampling. Iodine content in drinking water, table salt and urine, were determined using arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry, the direct titration and the arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry, respectively, and daily iodine intake was estimated by 3 days of 24-hour recall method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median iodine content in drinking water was 2.46 μg/L, Zhejiang belonged to the region of iodine deficiency in outer environment according to China standard. The median iodine content in table salt was 27.9 mg/kg, conforming to the standard requirements; the household coverage rate of qualified iodized salt reached 76.8%, which does not reach the standard requirement of WHO >90%. The dietary iodine intake of a reference individual averaged 379 μg/d, which indicated that the current iodine intake in diet was appropriate. In addition, the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 162 μg/L in general population, and 130 μg/L in pregnant women, which didn't reach the standard requirements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current dietary iodine intake in Zhejiang was generally sufficient and safe, but there is a risk of iodine deficiency among pregnant women and the population who do not consume iodized salt.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Gangqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Ronghua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Editorial Office, Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Pai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Wenming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jinshui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Email: fgu@cdc.zj.cn.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000172:deficiency*; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine