title: Making the best of a bad situation: host partial resistance and bypass of behavioral manipulation by parasites?
abstract: With few exceptions, parasitic manipulation dramatically reduces host fitness. That said, evidence of host resistance to behavior-manipulating parasites is scarce. Here, we suggest that the evolution of partial resistance, as well as bypass, to manipulation (PRM and BPM, respectively) represents new, seldom-explored options for parasitized hosts. Natural selection could favor hosts that partially resist certain manipulative dimensions to postpone their death and perform additional reproductive episodes (PRM). Alternatively, manipulated hosts may express novel traits that do not alter the manipulation per se but that alleviate its detrimental fitness consequences (BPM). If effective, PRM and BPM have many implications for the ecology and evolution of hosts and their parasites, especially the evolution of multidimensional manipulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, John Abbott College, 21275 Lakeshore Rd, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3L9, Canada.
authors.forename: Simon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Daoust
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
authors.forename: Kayla C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brodeur
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Biosciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
authors.forename: Bernard D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Roitberg
authors.affiliation: Unité mixte internationale de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes (UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO), 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; MIVEGEC - UMR (IRD/CNRS/UM) 5290, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Centre IRD- 911 Avenue Agropolis - BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: Unité mixte internationale de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes (UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO), 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France. Electronic address: frederic.thomas2@ird.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D032763:Behavior Control; D005075:Biological Evolution; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D012641:Selection, Genetic
keywords: manipulation; parasites; phenotype; resistance