title: Mid-term results of a physiotherapist-led Ponseti service for the management of non-idiopathic and idiopathic clubfoot.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Ponseti method is the preferred treatment for idiopathic clubfoot. Although popularised by orthopaedic surgeons it has expanded to physiotherapists and other health practitioners. This study reviews the results of a physiotherapist-led Ponseti service for idiopathic and non-idiopathic clubfeet and compares these results with those reported by other groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort of clubfeet (2005-2012) with a minimum 2-year follow-up after correction was reviewed. Physiotherapists treated 91 children-41 patients (69 feet) had non-idiopathic deformities and 50 children (77 feet) were idiopathic. Objective outcomes were evaluated and compared to results from other groups managing similar patient cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up was 4.6 years (range 2-8.3 years) for both groups. The non-idiopathic group required a median of 7 casts to correct the clubfoot deformity with an 83 % tenotomy rate compared to a median of 5 casts for the idiopathic group with a 63 % tenotomy rate. Initial correction was achieved in 96 % of non-idiopathic feet and in 100 % of idiopathic feet. Recurrence requiring additional treatment was higher in the non-idiopathic group with 40 % of patients (36 % of feet) sustaining a relapse as opposed to 8 % (6 % feet) in the idiopathic group. Surgery was required in 26 % of relapsed non-idiopathic feet and 6 % of idiopathic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although Ponseti treatment was not as successful in non-idiopathic feet as in idiopathic feet, deformity correction was achieved and maintained in the mid-term for the majority of feet. These results compare favourably to other specialist orthopaedic-based services for Ponseti management of non-idiopathic clubfeet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prognostic Level III.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JL, UK.
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunkley
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gelfer
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Evette
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parnell
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armstong
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rafter
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Eastwood