title: Advances in the genetically complex autoinflammatory diseases.
abstract: Monogenic diseases usually demonstrate Mendelian inheritance and are caused by highly penetrant genetic variants of a single gene. In contrast, genetically complex diseases arise from a combination of multiple genetic and environmental factors. The concept of autoinflammation originally emerged from the identification of individual, activating lesions of the innate immune system as the molecular basis of the hereditary periodic fever syndromes. In addition to these rare, monogenic forms of autoinflammation, genetically complex autoinflammatory diseases like the periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), Behçet's disease, and systemic arthritis also fulfill the definition of autoinflammatory diseases-namely, the development of apparently unprovoked episodes of inflammation without identifiable exogenous triggers and in the absence of autoimmunity. Interestingly, investigations of these genetically complex autoinflammatory diseases have implicated both innate and adaptive immune abnormalities, blurring the line between autoinflammation and autoimmunity. This reinforces the paradigm of concerted innate and adaptive immune dysfunction leading to genetically complex autoinflammatory phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Translational Genetics and Genomics Unit, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1560 Building 10, Room 10C101C, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1560, USA, Michael.Ombrello@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ombrello
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D056660:Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance; D013577:Syndrome