title: Communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation type IA: radiologic anatomy and clinical dilemmas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (CBPFM) type IA is extremely rare and is associated with a high mortality rate. This malformation manifests with communication between the lung and the foregut, and this can lead to esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) to the distal pouch.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To detail radiographic findings of CBPFM type IA cases and to summarize an appropriate therapeutic strategy for the management of this disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical data for two patients with CBPFM type IA were retrospectively reviewed with regard to radiographic characteristics, therapy, and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both cases were initially misdiagnosed due to the presence of EA-TEF. Unusual atelectasis of the lateral lung was observed in chest radiographs, while non-aerated hypoplastic right lung and agenesis of the right main bronchus were detected by computed tomography. A final diagnosis was made by esophagogram. Only one patient survived following surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBPFM type IA is a rare condition and is extremely difficult to diagnose. However, CBPFM type IA should be suspected in patients manifesting EA and atelectasis of a unilateral lung on a chest radiograph. The decision to perform a pneumonectomy or bronchoplasty depends on the degree of exiting permitted due to pulmonary damage assessed by computed tomography.
authors.affiliation: Southern Medical University, No. 9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510623, People's Republic of China.|Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiu-ming
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shang-jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-chun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei-qiang
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. drzhongwei@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Southern Medical University, No. 9 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510623, People's Republic of China. xia-huimin@foxmail.com.|Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. xia-huimin@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Hui-min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D001995:Bronchography; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformations; Esophageal atresia; Sequestered lung; Tracheoesophageal fistula