title: Complexity and Diversity of the Mammalian Sialome Revealed by Nidovirus Virolectins.
abstract: Sialic acids (Sias), 9-carbon-backbone sugars, are among the most complex and versatile molecules of life. As terminal residues of glycans on proteins and lipids, Sias are key elements of glycotopes of both cellular and microbial lectins and thus act as important molecular tags in cell recognition and signaling events. Their functions in such interactions can be regulated by post-synthetic modifications, the most common of which is differential Sia-O-acetylation (O-Ac-Sias). The biology of O-Ac-Sias remains mostly unexplored, largely because of limitations associated with their specific in situ detection. Here, we show that dual-function hemagglutinin-esterase envelope proteins of nidoviruses distinguish between a variety of closely related O-Ac-Sias. By using soluble forms of hemagglutinin-esterases as lectins and sialate-O-acetylesterases, we demonstrate differential expression of distinct O-Ac-sialoglycan populations in an organ-, tissue- and cell-specific fashion. Our findings indicate that programmed Sia-O-acetylation/de-O-acetylation may be critical to key aspects of cell development, homeostasis, and/or function.
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Langereis
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark J G
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bakkers
authors.affiliation: Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA.
authors.forename: Lingquan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA.
authors.forename: Vered
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Padler-Karavani
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stephin J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Vervoort
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruben J G
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hulswit
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arno L W
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.affiliation: Bio-Organic Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerrit J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gerwig
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stefanie A H
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: de Poot
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willemijn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boot
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Ederen
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Balthasar A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Heesters
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, Free University Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van der Loos
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank J M
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Kuppeveld
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Huizinga
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA.
authors.forename: Ajit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varki
authors.affiliation: Bio-Organic Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannis P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kamerling
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: r.j.degroot@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Raoul J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Groot
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000115:Acetylesterase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016678:Genome; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008322:Mammals; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D028381:Nidovirales / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D008055:Lipids; D011506:Proteins; D012794:Sialic Acids; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; C060814:hemagglutinin esterase; D000115:Acetylesterase; C046298:sialate O-acetylesterase; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid