title: Co-circulation of Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus Asian lineage IV with Lineage II in Nigeria.
abstract: Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR), a major small ruminant transboundary animal disease, is endemic in Nigeria. Strains of the causal agent, peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV), have been differentiated into four genetically distinct lineages based on the partial sequence of the virus nucleoprotein (N) or fusion (F) genes. Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus strains that were identified initially in Africa were grouped into lineages I, II and III and viruses from Asia were classified as lineage IV and referred to as the Asian lineage. Many recent reports indicate that the Asian lineage is now also present in Africa. With this in mind, this study was conducted to reassess the epidemiology of PPRV in Nigeria. A total of 140 clinical samples from 16 sheep and 63 goats with symptoms suggestive of PPR were collected from different states of Nigeria during a four-year period (2010-2013). They were analysed by the amplification of fragments of the N gene. Results for 33 (42%) animals were positive. The phylogenetic analysis of the N gene sequences with those available in GenBank showed that viruses that were detected belong to both lineage II and IV. Based on an analysis of the N gene sequences, the lineage IV isolates grouped into two clades, one being predominant in the north-eastern part of the country and the other found primarily in the southern regions of the country. This study reports the presence of PPRV Asian lineage IV in Nigeria for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.|Morbilliviruses Research Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Woma
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Heath Laboratory (APHL), Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Adombi
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Heath Laboratory (APHL), Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FAFU, PR 350002, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Morbilliviruses Research Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Qasim
authors.affiliation: Morbilliviruses Research Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sabi
authors.affiliation: Morbilliviruses Research Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Maurice
authors.affiliation: Morbilliviruses Research Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Olaiya
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Moedling, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loitsch
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Morbilliviruses Research Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shamaki
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Heath Laboratory (APHL), Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Dundon
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006041:Goats; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029021:Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D018107:Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins
keywords: Morbillivirus; PPR; West Africa; nucleoprotein; sheep; viral spread