title: Role of Narrow Band Imaging in Management of Urothelial Carcinoma.
abstract: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and upper tract is primarily diagnosed by white light endoscopy, which has well-known limitations that contribute to the increased risk of tumor recurrence and progression. Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an optical imaging technology that facilitates detection of tumor vasculature and differentiation of benign urothelium from neoplastic tissue. For urothelial carcinoma, NBI may be utilized in a variety of clinical settings, including office cystoscopy for initial identification and surveillance, transurethral resection for pathological diagnosis, and ureteroscopic management of upper tract lesions. Early evidence suggests that NBI increases the detection of urothelial carcinoma in the bladder and upper tract, including flat high-grade lesions such as carcinoma-in-situ that are a diagnostic challenge under white light. NBI also appears to improve the quality of transurethral resection and thereby reduce the frequency of tumor recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Room S-287, Stanford, CA, 94305-5118, USA, emanuela@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altobelli
authors.forename: Dimitar V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Zlatev
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis; D062048:Narrow Band Imaging / Q000379:methods; D012008:Recurrence; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*