title: Transfer RNAs Mediate the Rapid Adaptation of Escherichia coli to Oxidative Stress.
abstract: Translational systems can respond promptly to sudden environmental changes to provide rapid adaptations to environmental stress. Unlike the well-studied translational responses to oxidative stress in eukaryotic systems, little is known regarding how prokaryotes respond rapidly to oxidative stress in terms of translation. In this study, we measured protein synthesis from the entire Escherichia coli proteome and found that protein synthesis was severely slowed down under oxidative stress. With unchanged translation initiation, this slowdown was caused by decreased translation elongation speed. We further confirmed by tRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR that this deceleration was caused by a global, enzymatic downregulation of almost all tRNA species shortly after exposure to oxidative agents. Elevation in tRNA levels accelerated translation and protected E. coli against oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide and the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Our results showed that the global regulation of tRNAs mediates the rapid adjustment of the E. coli translation system for prompt adaptation to oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiayong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chuanle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Gaofei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xuesong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Yu
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012343:RNA, Transfer