title: Checks and balances on cholinergic signaling in brain and body function.
abstract: A century after the discovery of acetylcholine (ACh), we recognize both ACh receptors, transporters, and synthesizing and degrading enzymes and regulators of their expression as contributors to cognition, metabolism, and immunity. Recent discoveries indicate that pre- and post-transcriptional ACh signaling controllers coordinate the identity, functioning, dynamics, and brain-to-body communication of cholinergic cells. Checks and balances including epigenetic mechanisms, alternative splicing, and miRNAs may all expand or limit the diversity of these cholinergic components by consistently performing genome-related surveillance. This regulatory network enables homeostatic maintenance of brain-to-body ACh signaling as well as reactions to nicotine, Alzheimer's disease anticholinesterase therapeutics, and agricultural pesticides. Here I review recent reports on the functional implications of these controllers of cholinergic signaling in and out of the brain.
authors.affiliation: Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. Electronic address: hermona.soreq@mail.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Hermona
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soreq
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000109:Acetylcholine
keywords: acetylcholine signaling; miRNA regulation; noncoding SNPs; post-transcriptional changes