title: Functional role of inorganic trace elements in angiogenesis-Part II: Cr, Si, Zn, Cu, and S.
abstract: Trace elements play critical roles in angiogenesis events. The effects of nitrogen, iron, selenium, phosphorus, gold, and calcium were discussed in part I. In part II, we evaluated the effect of chromium, silicon, zinc, copper, and sulfur on different aspects of angiogenesis, with critical roles in healing and regeneration processes, and undeniable roles in tumor growth and cancer therapy. This review is the second of series that serves as an overview of the role of inorganic elements in regulation of angiogenesis and vascular function. The methods of exposure, structure, mechanism, and potential activity of these trace elements are briefly discussed. An electronic search was performed on the role of these trace elements in angiogenesis from January 2005 to April 2014. The recent aspects of the relationship between five different trace elements and their role in regulation of angiogenesis, and homeostasis of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors were assessed. Many studies have investigated the effects and importance of these elements in angiogenesis events. Both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on angiogenesis are observed for the evaluated elements. Chromium can promote angiogenesis in pathological manners. Silicon as silica nanoparticles is anti-angiogenic, while in calcium silicate extracts and bioactive silicate glasses promote angiogenesis. Zinc is an anti-angiogenic agent acting on important genes and growth factors. Copper and sulfur compositions have pro-angiogenic functions by activating pro-angiogenic growth factors and promoting endothelial cells migration, growth, and tube formation. Thus, utilization of these elements may provide a unique opportunity to modulate angiogenesis under various setting.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States. Electronic address: Saghiri@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Saghiri
authors.affiliation: Kamal Asgar Research Center, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Armen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asatourian
authors.affiliation: Kamal Asgar Research Center, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orangi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sorenson
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheibani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002857:Chromium / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D012825:Silicon / Q000494:pharmacology; D013455:Sulfur / Q000494:pharmacology; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D002857:Chromium; D013455:Sulfur; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Angiogenesis; Endothelial cells; Trace elements; Wound healing