title: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression correlates with the invasion of breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is an important marker of tumor-initiating cells. We aimed to investigate ALDH1 expression in benign breast disease and human breast cancer of different histologic stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining of ALDH1 was applied to 21 cases with benign breast diseases, 47 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases, 62 cases diagnosed with invasive cancer with extensive intraductal component (EIC), and 58 cases diagnosed with invasive cancer without EIC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALDH1 was expressed in tumor cells in 61.0% of 164 breast cancer cases, which was higher than that in benign breast disease (3/21) (P < 0.001). Of these 167 breast cancer cases, a significantly higher rate (54/58) of intratumoral ALDH1 expression was observed in invasive cancer without EIC cases than that in DCIS cases (19/46, one case not available) and invasive cancer with EIC cases (27/60, two cases not available) (P < 0.001). Interestingly, a significantly higher rate (22/48) of intratumoral ALDH1 expression in invasive component was observed than that in in situ component (7/48) in the same tumor (P = 0.001). In 47 DCIS cases, no significant association was observed between ALDH1 positivity and any clinicopathological parameter (all P > 0.05). However, ALDH1 positive invasive breast cancers were significantly more likely to be with large tumor size (P = 0.001), high grade (P < 0.001), and high Ki67 expression (P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ALDH1 may play an important role in the invasion of breast cancer, and may be associated with aggressive phenotypes of breast cancer.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1608671725154947 .
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China. pamghong@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China. 386689939@qq.com.|Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital with Suzhou University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000, China. 386689939@qq.com.
authors.forename: Naping
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China. 769898545@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yaoyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China. 664518727@qq.com.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China. 791167023@qq.com.
authors.forename: Chenghao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China. 335027001@qq.com.
authors.forename: Mengdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China. zhouwenbin_1984@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China. liuxiaoan@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China. ws0801@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis*; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase