title: Osteocalcin and type 2 diabetes risk in Latinos: a life course approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations between circulating levels of the bone-derived protein osteocalcin (OC) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in Latino children and adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum OC was measured in 136 children and 531 adults who had the following T2D risk factors assessed, body mass index (BMI), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting and 2-hour glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OC was significantly higher in children than adults (209.0 ± 12.1 vs. 41.0 ± 0.9 ng/ml, p<0.0001). In adults, OC was inversely associated (all p<0.001) with BMI (r=-0.2), HbA1c (r=-0.2), fasting glucose (r=-0.16), and 2-hour glucose (r=-0.21), while there were no significant associations in children. There was a stepwise decrease in OC with increasing dysglycemia in adults, normoglycemic (44.1 ± 1.3 ng/ml), prediabetic (39.3 ± 1.3 ng/ml), and T2D (31.8 ± 1.2 ng/ml), (p<0.0001), whereas there were no differences between normal and prediabetic youth (195.7 ± 16.1 vs. 194.7 ± 25.8 ng/ml, p=0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OC was inversely associated with T2D risk in Latino adults; however, this pattern was not observed in children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ.
authors.forename: Zoe M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: González-García
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Iftikhar J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kullo
authors.affiliation: Mayo/ASU Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Scottsdale, AZ.|School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
authors.forename: Dawn K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Coletta
authors.affiliation: Mayo/ASU Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Scottsdale, AZ.|School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mandarino
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ.|Mayo/ASU Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Scottsdale, AZ.|College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ.
authors.forename: Gabriel Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Shaibi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D015675:Osteocalcin
keywords: Disparities; Hispanic; IGT; Pediatrics