title: Different toxicity of the strobilurin fungicides kresoxim-methyl and trifloxistrobin to Venturia inaequalis isolates from Serbia.
abstract: Sensitivity of monosporial isolates of V. inaequalis, originated from apple orchards previously exposed (commercial and experimental) and those originated from location where fungicides had never been used (wild type), to strobilurin fungicides kresoxim-methyl and trifloxistrobin was investigated in this study. The experiments were carried out in laboratory using in vitro and in vivo methods. Mycelia growth inhibition on PDA medium with kresoxim-methyl and trifloxistrobin was monitored and sensitivity parameters (EC50 values) were determined using probit analysis. The isolates sensitivity in vivo was tested on apple seedlings using inoculation method. The EC50 values were ranging from 0.066-2.033 and 0.011-0.323 µg mL(-1) for kresoxim-methyl and trifloxistrobin, respectively. The wild type of isolates showed a normal susceptibility to kresoxim-methyl and trifloxistrobin, while isolates originated from experimental and commercial orchard where those fungicides had been used extensively, showed significantly lower sensitivity to the both strobilurin fungicides. The isolate that showed the resistance to kresoxim-methyl and trifloxistrobin in vitro test, also showed reduced sensitivity in vivo test and could not been controlled satisfactory by fungicide concentrations that are commercially used, as well as by double higher, after apple seedlings inoculation.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade , Belgrade-Zemun , Serbia.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stević
authors.forename: Nenad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaš
authors.forename: Novica
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miletić
authors.forename: Petar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vukša
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007097:Imines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027845:Malus / Q000382:microbiology; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects*; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D055771:Serbia; D000073739:Strobilurins
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007097:Imines; D008689:Methacrylates; D010648:Phenylacetates; D000073739:Strobilurins; C469328:kresoxim-methyl; C467051:trifloxystrobin
keywords: Venturia inaequalis; kresoxim-methyl; resistance; sensitivity; trifloxistrobin