title: Transcatheter Closure of Coronary Artery Fistulae: Considerations and Approaches Based on Fistula Origin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate technical approaches for transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula based on anatomic type of the fistula.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The variability in coronary artery fistulae (CAF) anatomy that necessitates different transcatheter closure (TCC) approaches has not been well documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of patients with CAF who underwent TCC at 2 centers were reviewed for technical details and procedural outcome. CAF were classified as proximal and distal. TCC approaches employed were arterio-venous or arterio-arterial loop, retrograde arterial, and antegrade venous.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients with CAF, mean age 12.6 years (0.07-60), 11 male (61%), underwent TCC. All CAF drained predominantly into the right side of the heart. Types of CAF were proximal in 15 and distal in 3 patients. CAF calibers were large in 7, medium in 9, and small in 2 patients. The arterio-venous loop approach was used in the majority of the cases (11 patients) and the CAF size were medium to large. The retrograde arterial approach was used in 4; of these, 3 patients had small to medium sized CAF. In 2 patients with long tortuous CAF an antegrade venous approach was employed. TCC was successful in 17 of the 18 patients (94.4%). There were no peri-procedural deaths or vascular complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documents transcatheter closure approaches for CAF and device selection based on fistula origin. The choices of TCC technique and device selection vary, and are primarily determined by the heterogeneous anatomic characteristics of the fistulae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.|Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Yunbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
authors.forename: Srinath T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Gowda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, Florida.
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Latson
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Shelby
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kutty
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016157:Vascular Fistula / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult