title: The "Octopus" Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis: Evolving Beyond the Standard Supermicrosurgical Technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is a promising treatment modality for lymphedema. However, its practice is restricted by the surgeon/equipment-related factors, and its effectiveness limited by technical constraints. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of a modified "octopus" LVA technique in addressing the above problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine consecutive lymphedema patients underwent LVA procedure using the "octopus" technique. Six had the upper extremity disease; three had the lower extremity disease. Except for one patient having primary lower extremity lymphedema, all had secondary disease related to cancer treatment. Disease severity ranged from Campisi stage Ib to IV. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were performed preoperatively, at 1, 3, and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 130 lymphaticovenular drainage pathways were created in 39 "octopus" LVAs. All patients experienced prompt relief of lymphedema symptoms during the 1st postoperative week and continued to improve during the study period. None had postoperative complications. All had disease regression as demonstrated by statistically significant decrease in limb measurements (p = 0.0003) and severity down-staging. The modified technique was found to be easier than the standard supermicrosurgical technique and could be performed using a standard surgical microscope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The "octopus" technique is a viable, effective technical alternative to the standard LVA technique. It may greatly simplify this technically challenging procedure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Wei F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Junlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000601:surgery*; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects