title: BCG-related renal granulomas managed conservatively: A case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this case series is to present two cases of renal granulomas discovered incidentally post-intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) installations and were managed conservatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first case is a 68-year-old man with bladder and right ureteral orifice carcinoma in situ. After transurethral resection of the right ureteral orifice and bladder tumours, he received 6 + 3 weekly intravesical installations of BCG and then 6 + 3 weekly intravesical installations of BCG with interferon alpha (IFN) in the presence of an indwelling ureteral stent since he had refused cystoprostatectomy. At the 18-month follow-up, his computed tomography scan showed two right renal masses. Biopsy demonstrated non-necrotizing granulomatosis. Serial follow-up with imaging studies showed complete resolution of these masses without anti-tuberculous medications. The second case is a 74-year old man with left renal high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. After ureteral meatotomy and insertion of indwelling ureteral stents, he received 6 weekly intravesical installations of BCG followed by 3 weekly installations of BCG and IFN prior to the definitive management with laparoscopic left nephroureterectomy. Final pathology showed pT1 urothelial carcinoma and an incidental finding of BCG-related renal granulamotosis. The patient has been asymptomatic and did not require anti-tuberculous medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While these two cases demonstrate the ability of intravesical BCG to reach the renal pelvis, patients with a history of intravesical BCG with incidental renal masses may benefit from renal biopsy. These renal granulomas may resolve without anti-tuberculous medications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC;
authors.forename: Talal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al-Qaoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, McGill University, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brimo
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC;
authors.forename: Armen G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Aprikian
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC;
authors.forename: Sero
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andonian