title: Implication of oxidative stress in progression of diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: Diabetic retinopathy, a severe sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, accounts for a large number of cases of acquired, yet potentially avoidable, blindness. The principal mechanism of its pathogenesis appears to be alterations in the microvasculature of retina as the result of hyperglycemia. The elevated concentration of blood glucose is a harbinger of numerous molecular changes. These lead to various responses that result in microangiopathy. Oxidative stress, one such response, is attributed to disruption in the homeostasis of free radical production during the various vital processes such as the electron transport chain reaction and the scavenging mechanisms designed to neutralize these damaging molecules. This imbalance has been linked to the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. Excessive formation of free radicals influences almost all pathways involved in normal human physiology. Thus, hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is one of the factors associated with biochemical changes. These changes are further responsible for the various structural and functional abnormalities seen in diabetic retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. Electronic address: tapanbehl31@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tapan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Behl
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Ishneet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotwani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D011108:Polymers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C024617:polyol; D013481:Superoxides
keywords: AGEs (advanced glycation end-products); ROS (reactive oxygen species); polyol pathway; protein kinase C; superoxide radical