title: Inhibitory behavioral control: A stochastic dynamic causal modeling study comparing cocaine dependent subjects and controls.
abstract: Cocaine dependence is associated with increased impulsivity in humans. Both cocaine dependence and impulsive behavior are under the regulatory control of cortico-striatal networks. One behavioral laboratory measure of impulsivity is response inhibition (ability to withhold a prepotent response) in which altered patterns of regional brain activation during executive tasks in service of normal performance are frequently found in cocaine dependent (CD) subjects studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, little is known about aberrations in specific directional neuronal connectivity in CD subjects. The present study employed fMRI-based dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to study the effective (directional) neuronal connectivity associated with response inhibition in CD subjects, elicited under performance of a Go/NoGo task with two levels of NoGo difficulty (Easy and Hard). The performance on the Go/NoGo task was not significantly different between CD subjects and controls. The DCM analysis revealed that prefrontal-striatal connectivity was modulated (influenced) during the NoGo conditions for both groups. The effective connectivity from left (L) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to L caudate was similarly modulated during the Easy NoGo condition for both groups. During the Hard NoGo condition in controls, the effective connectivity from right (R) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to L caudate became more positive, and the effective connectivity from R ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) to L caudate became more negative. In CD subjects, the effective connectivity from L ACC to L caudate became more negative during the Hard NoGo conditions. These results indicate that during Hard NoGo trials in CD subjects, the ACC rather than DLPFC or VLPFC influenced caudate during response inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Radiology, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Liangsuo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: Center for Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (UTHSC-H), USA.
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bjork
authors.affiliation: Center for Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Harshini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neelakantan
authors.affiliation: Center for Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, UTHSC-H, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ponnada A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Narayana
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kosten
authors.affiliation: Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, VCU, VA 23219, USA.
authors.forename: F Gerard
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Moeller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cocaine dependence; Dynamic casual modeling; Impulsivity; Inhibitory control