title: Globe Protrusion and Interorbital Divergence in Syndromic Faciocraniosynostoses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between globe protrusion (GP), length of medial and lateral walls, interzygomatic distance, and interorbital angle in syndromic faciocraniosynostoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The axial slices of computed tomography of the orbits of 43 patients with faciocraniosynostosis (31 with Crouzon syndrome and 12 with Apert syndrome) and 23 control subjects were measured with the Image J software. The following 5 variables were quantified: the degree of GP, the length of the medial and lateral walls, the interzygomatic distance, and the interorbital angle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent t-tests revealed significant differences between the patients and the controls regarding the mean values of all variables measured. The degree of GP was better correlated with the interorbital angle (r = 0.81) than with the medial wall length (r = 0.73). No correlation was found between GP and lateral orbital wall length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In syndromic faciocraniosynostoses, GP is highly correlated with the interorbital angle. The increment in the interorbital angle is a natural geometric consequence of the fact that a decrease in the orbital depth is not adequately compensated by an increase in the distance between the lateral orbit rims.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School †Craniofacial Research Support Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil ‡Craniofacial Unit, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Antonio Augusto Velasco E
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Denny Marcos
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Patricia Mitiko Santello
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Akaishi
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: Gherusa Helena
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Milbratz
authors.forename: Adriana Leite Xavier
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bertrand
mesh_terms: D000168:Acrocephalosyndactylia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003394:Craniofacial Dysostosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005123:Eye / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*