title: Assessing the biochemical changes of tendons of rats in an experimental model of tenotomy under therapeutic ultrasound and LEDs (625 and 945 nm) by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: Given the complexity of the tendon repair process, where the neoformed scar tissue tends to prevent or hamper the tendon from performing its normal functions, ultrasound (US) and light-emitting diode (LED) devices have been applied to modulate the tendon repair process. This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory and healing effects of therapeutic US and LED in an experimental model of tenotomy using histomorphometry and Raman spectroscopy. Forty Wistar rats (235 ± 8.3 g) were separated into four groups: tenotomy (TC; control), tenotomy associated with ultrasound (US; 1 MHz, 0.5 W/cm(2)), tenotomy associated with LED at 625 nm (LR; 4 J/cm(2)), and tenotomy associated with LED at 945 nm (LIR; 4 J/cm(2)), in two experimental periods of 7 and 14 days. Histomorphometry showed a decrease of inflammatory cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) for the group treated with US compared to the TC group (ANOVA, p < 0.0001) and the LIR group compared to the TC group (p < 0.05) at the seventh day, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. In relation to the LR and TC groups, there was no significant difference. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the LR group presented an increased synthesis of collagen I compared to the other treatments and the TC groups on the 14th day (p < 0.01). US therapy showed an adjuvant effect with anti-inflammatory action, and the LED therapy at 625 nm showed an increase in collagen synthesis, contributing to the process of tendon healing.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade Santo Agostinho - FSA, Av. Valter Alencar, 665, Teresina, PI, 64019-625, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manoel de Jesus
authors.initials: Mde J
authors.lastname: Moura Júnior
authors.forename: Antonio Luís Martins
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Maia Filho
authors.forename: Diego Rodrigues
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.forename: Marcos Danilo Rodrigues
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Jefferson de Sousa
authors.initials: Jde S
authors.lastname: Justino
authors.forename: Matheus Dos Santos
authors.initials: Mdos S
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Ana Maria Gonçalves
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rebêlo
authors.forename: Carlos José
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Antonio Luiz Barbosa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Landulfo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Silveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D013710:Tendons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D058971:Tenotomy / Q000379:methods*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen