title: Bacteremia caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria in a French university hospital center: 3 years of collection.
abstract: The aim of the study was to describe the profile of patients and the characteristics of all bacteremias caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains in a teaching hospital and to assess the mortality related to these events.
  
  
  
  A monocentric retrospective observational cohort study was conducted. All patients with bacteremia caused by MDR bacteria between 2011 and 2013 were included. The characteristics of patients and bacteremias, antibiotic therapy within the first day, and 30-day mortality were collected from the electronic medical records database.
  
  
  
  A total of 228 patients were included with bacteremias caused by Enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (n = 102), Enterobacteriaceae overproducing AmpC β-lactamase (n = 59), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (n = 3), ceftazidime- or carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 2), ceftazidime- or carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 23), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 40), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (n = 2). The median Charlson comorbidity score was 6. Inappropriate antibiotic therapy was prescribed in 41.7% of bacteremias, and 30-day mortality was 23%. For 20.9% of the patients who had had a positive bacteriologic sample in the preceding 2 months, the initial antibiotic therapy was inappropriate.
  
  
  
  In this cohort of bacteremia patients, a high rate of mortality and numerous patient comorbidities were observed. Taking greater account of antecedents of MDR bacterial infections could improve the rate of appropriate initial antibiotic therapy.
authors.affiliation: CHU Grenoble, Pôle Santé Publique, Unité d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Grenoble, France. Electronic address: rpicotgueraud@chu-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Picot-Guéraud
authors.affiliation: CHU Grenoble, Pôle Santé Publique, Unité d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Batailler
authors.affiliation: CHU Grenoble, Pôle Biologie et Pathologie, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Microorganismes (LAPM), Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Caspar
authors.affiliation: CHU Grenoble, Pôle Biologie et Pathologie, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hennebique
authors.affiliation: CHU Grenoble, Pôle Santé Publique, Unité d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Application, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Reine
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mallaret
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult; D001618:beta-Lactamases
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C048795:AmpC beta-lactamases; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Bacteremia; Bloodstream infection; Mortality; Multidrug resistance