title: Nanoscale Nutrient Delivery Systems for Food Applications: Improving Bioactive Dispersibility, Stability, and Bioavailability.
abstract: There has been a surge of interest in the development of nanoscale systems for the encapsulation, protection, and delivery of lipophilic nutrients, vitamins, and nutraceuticals. This review article highlights the challenges associated with incorporating these lipophilic bioactive components into foods, and then discusses potential nanoscale delivery systems that can be used to overcome these challenges. In particular, the desirable characteristics required for any nanoscale delivery system are presented, as well as methods of fabricating them and of characterizing them. An overview of different delivery systems is given, such as microemulsions, nanoemulsions, emulsions, microgels, and biopolymer nanoparticles, and their potential applications are discussed. Nanoscale delivery systems have considerable potential within the food industry, but they must be carefully formulated to ensure that they are safe, economically viable, and effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanoscale delivery systems have numerous potential applications in the food industry for encapsulating, protecting, and releasing bioactive agents, such as nutraceuticals and vitamins. This review article highlights methods for designing, fabricating, characterizing, and utilizing edible nanoparticles from a variety of different food-grade ingredients.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, U.S.A.|Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: David Julian
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McClements
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005079:Excipients; D014815:Vitamins
keywords: delivery systems; nanoparticles; nutraceuticals; nutrients; vitamins