title: 3D Bioprinting of Carboxymethylated-Periodate Oxidized Nanocellulose Constructs for Wound Dressing Applications.
abstract: Nanocellulose has a variety of advantages, which make the material most suitable for use in biomedical devices such as wound dressings. The material is strong, allows for production of transparent films, provides a moist wound healing environment, and can form elastic gels with bioresponsive characteristics. In this study, we explore the application of nanocellulose as a bioink for modifying film surfaces by a bioprinting process. Two different nanocelluloses were used, prepared with TEMPO mediated oxidation and a combination of carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation. The combination of carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation produced a homogeneous material with short nanofibrils, having widths <20 nm and lengths <200 nm. The small dimensions of the nanofibrils reduced the viscosity of the nanocellulose, thus yielding a material with good rheological properties for use as a bioink. The nanocellulose bioink was thus used for printing 3D porous structures, which is exemplified in this study. We also demonstrated that both nanocelluloses did not support bacterial growth, which is an interesting property of these novel materials.
authors.affiliation: Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating (WCPC), Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9990-6272
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.affiliation: Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Swansea, UK ; Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
authors.forename: Lydia C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8641-0160
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6183-2017
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chinga-Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating (WCPC), Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Gethin
authors.affiliation: Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syverud
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
authors.forename: Katja E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D001458:Bandages; D062028:Bioprinting; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010504:Periodic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010504:Periodic Acid; D002482:Cellulose; C009288:metaperiodate