title: Single-step solubilization of milk samples with N,N-dimethylformamide for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis and classification based on their elemental composition.
abstract: A single-step procedure for trace elements analysis of milk samples is presented. Solubilization with small amounts of dymethylformamide (DMF) was assayed prior to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) detection with a high efficiency sample introduction system. All main instrumental conditions were optimized in order to readily introduce the samples without matrix elimination. In order to assess and mitigate matrix effects in the determination of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Eu, Ga, Gd, Ge, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sm, S, Sr, Ta, Tb, V, Zn, and Zr, matrix matching calibration with (103)Rh as internal standard (IS) was performed. The obtained limits of detection were between 0.68 (Tb) and 30 (Zn) μg L(-1). For accuracy verification, certified Skim milk powder reference material (BCR 063R) was employed. The developed method was applied to trace elements analysis of commercially available milks. Principal components analysis was used to correlate the content of trace metals with the kind of milk, obtaining a classification according to adults, baby or baby fortified milks. The outcomes highlight a simple and fast approach that could be trustworthy for routine analysis, quality control and traceability of milks.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de las Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, L6300XAI Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
authors.forename: Silvana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Azcarate
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de San Luis (CCT-San Luis) - Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, D5700BWQ San Luis, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marianela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savio
authors.affiliation: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Gerencia Química, Av. Gral Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smichowski
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de San Luis (CCT-San Luis) - Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, D5700BWQ San Luis, Argentina.
authors.forename: Luis D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de las Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, L6300XAI Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Camiña
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de San Luis (CCT-San Luis) - Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, D5700BWQ San Luis, Argentina. Electronic address: ragil@unsl.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Raúl A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004126:Dimethylformamide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D058626:Plasma Gases; D004126:Dimethylformamide
keywords: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Milk analysis; Principal component analysis; Solubilization with N,N-dimethylformamide, High efficiency sample introduction system