title: Present status of endoscopic mastectomy for breast cancer.
abstract: Endoscopy is now being used for breast cancer surgery. Though it is used for mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and breast reconstruction, its prime use is for mastectomy. Because an incision can be placed inconspicuously in the axillary site, a relatively large incision can be created. A retractor with an endoscope, CO2, and an abrasion device with the endoscope are used for operation space security. It is extremely rare that an endoscope is used for lymph node dissection. For breast reconstruction, it may be used for latissimus muscle flap making, but an endoscope is rarely used for other reconstructions. Endoscopic mastectomy is limited to certain institutions and practiced hands, and it has not been significantly developed in breast cancer surgery. On the other hand, endoscopic surgery may be used widely in breast reconstruction. With respect to the spread of robotic surgery, many factors remain uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Tetsuhiro Owaki, Yuko Kijima, Heiji Yoshinaka, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Simiya Ishigami, Yasuhito Nerome, Toshiro Takezaki, Shoji Natsugoe, Community-based Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Health, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Owaki
authors.affiliation: Tetsuhiro Owaki, Yuko Kijima, Heiji Yoshinaka, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Simiya Ishigami, Yasuhito Nerome, Toshiro Takezaki, Shoji Natsugoe, Community-based Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Health, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kijima
authors.affiliation: Tetsuhiro Owaki, Yuko Kijima, Heiji Yoshinaka, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Simiya Ishigami, Yasuhito Nerome, Toshiro Takezaki, Shoji Natsugoe, Community-based Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Health, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: Heiji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshinaka
authors.affiliation: Tetsuhiro Owaki, Yuko Kijima, Heiji Yoshinaka, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Simiya Ishigami, Yasuhito Nerome, Toshiro Takezaki, Shoji Natsugoe, Community-based Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Health, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: Munetsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Tetsuhiro Owaki, Yuko Kijima, Heiji Yoshinaka, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Simiya Ishigami, Yasuhito Nerome, Toshiro Takezaki, Shoji Natsugoe, Community-based Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Health, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Tetsuhiro Owaki, Yuko Kijima, Heiji Yoshinaka, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Simiya Ishigami, Yasuhito Nerome, Toshiro Takezaki, Shoji Natsugoe, Community-based Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Health, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: Simiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.affiliation: Tetsuhiro Owaki, Yuko Kijima, Heiji Yoshinaka, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Simiya Ishigami, Yasuhito Nerome, Toshiro Takezaki, Shoji Natsugoe, Community-based Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Health, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nerome
authors.affiliation: Tetsuhiro Owaki, Yuko Kijima, Heiji Yoshinaka, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Simiya Ishigami, Yasuhito Nerome, Toshiro Takezaki, Shoji Natsugoe, Community-based Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Health, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takezaki
authors.affiliation: Tetsuhiro Owaki, Yuko Kijima, Heiji Yoshinaka, Munetsugu Hirata, Hiroshi Okumura, Simiya Ishigami, Yasuhito Nerome, Toshiro Takezaki, Shoji Natsugoe, Community-based Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Health, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
keywords: Breast cancer; Endoscopy; Mastectomy; Surgery; Video-assisted