title: Use of X-Chromosome Inactivation Pattern to Analyze the Clonality of 14 Female Cases of Kaposi Sarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kaposi sarcoma (KS) has features of both neoplastic growth and hyperplastic proliferation. It is the most common tumor seen in patients with HIV infection. Whether KS is a real tumor or a benign hyperplastic disease is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissues from KS and cutaneous hemangioma lesion DNA were extracted, and then digested with methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease HpaII. Human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) was amplified with PCR method and the product was separated on 10% denaturing polyacrylamide gels and stained with ethylene dibromide (EB) to show the polymorphism of HUMARA. Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) was amplified and the product was digested by BStXI, agarose gel and EB stained to show the polymorphism of PGK. Finally, we analyzed the clonality of KS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 14 patients with KS, heterozygosity of the HUMARA gene was observed in 12 (85.7%) cases. Loss of heterozygosity of HUMARA gene on X-chromosome (without HpaII digestion there were 2 bands, after HpaII digestion there were just 1 of the bands), representing monoclonal origin, was present in 11 cases of Kaposi sarcoma. Heterozygosity of the PGK gene was observed in 5 (35.7%) cases, which all represent monoclonal origin. There was no significant difference according to country, stage, or HIV and HHV-8 (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings suggest that Kaposi sarcoma is a clonal neoplasm, not a reactive proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: XiuJuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: JunQin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirong
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xiaojing
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yanyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weidong
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Luo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qingli
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: DeZhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: XiongMing
mesh_terms: D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000235:genetics*; D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D017931:DNA Primers; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase