title: Spectrum of Clonal Large Granular Lymphocytes (LGLs) of αβ T Cells: T-Cell Clones of Undetermined Significance, T-Cell LGL Leukemias, and T-Cell Immunoclones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clones of T-cell large granular lymphocytes (LGLTs) were detected by flow cytometry. Disease associations are described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow cytometry on blood or marrow detected clonal LGLTs by analyzing variable regions of the T-cell receptor β chain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LGLT clones were detected in 20% (54/264) of tested patients. The clone sizes were less than 2.0 × 10(9)/L in the blood in 73% and less than 10% of marrow space in 94%. Blood counts showed cytopenias. Clinical associations included B-cell clones, myeloid neoplasms, nonneoplastic disorders of blood or marrow, transplants, systemic immune disorders, carcinomas, or hypothyroidism. Twelve patients had LGLT leukemia. Most (76%) had small LGLT clones with limited impact on the clinical management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the LGLT clones detected by flow cytometry were small and did not change the clinical management. We propose the following terminology: T-cell clones of undetermined significance, LGLT leukemias, and T-cell immunoclones.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; tpsingleton@hematologics.com.
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Singleton
authors.affiliation: Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Hematopathology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, Minneapolis.
authors.forename: Andinet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teferra
authors.affiliation: Hematopathology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, Minneapolis.
authors.forename: Jenny Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D054066:Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
keywords: Flow cytometry; T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia