title: Magnesium in disease.
abstract: Although the following text will focus on magnesium in disease, its role in healthy subjects during physical exercise when used as a supplement to enhance performance is also noteworthy. Low serum magnesium levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension; consequently, some individuals benefit from magnesium supplementation: increasing magnesium consumption appears to prevent high blood pressure, and higher serum magnesium levels are associated with a lower risk of developing a metabolic syndrome. There are, however, conflicting study results regarding magnesium administration with myocardial infarction with and without reperfusion therapy. There was a long controversy as to whether or not magnesium should be given as a first-line medication. As the most recent trials have not shown any difference in outcome, intravenous magnesium cannot be recommended in patients with myocardial infarction today. However, magnesium has its indication in patients with torsade de pointes and has been given successfully to patients with digoxin-induced arrhythmia or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Magnesium sulphate as an intravenous infusion also has an important established therapeutic role in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia as it decreases the risk of eclamptic seizures by half compared with placebo.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der J.W. Goethe-Universität, Medizinische Klinik III/Nephrologie, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wanner
keywords: cardiovascular disease; diabetes mellitus; magnesium; metabolic syndrome; pre-eclampsia/eclampsia