title: Hypoxia in astrocytic tumors and implications for therapy.
abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM, Grade IV astrocytoma) is the most common and most aggressive of the primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Hypoxia is a distinct feature in GBM and plays a significant role in tumor progression, resistance to treatment and poor outcomes. This review considers the effects of hypoxia on astrocytic tumors and the mechanisms that contribute to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance, with a focus on the vascular changes, chemotaxic signaling pathways and metabolic alterations involved.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cavazos
authors.affiliation: Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. Electronic address: brennera@uthscsa.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Acetate; Aerobic glycolysis; Astrocytic tumors; CXCL12; CXCR7; Glioblastoma multiforme; Hypoxia; Metabolic derangement; Pseudopalisading necrosis; TH-302