title: Redox regulation of genome stability by effects on gene expression, epigenetic pathways and DNA damage/repair.
abstract: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (e.g. H2O2, nitric oxide) confer redox regulation of essential cellular signaling pathways such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In addition, classical regulation of gene expression or activity, including gene transcription to RNA followed by translation to the protein level, by transcription factors (e.g. NF-κB, HIF-1α) and mRNA binding proteins (e.g. GAPDH, HuR) is subject to redox regulation. This review will give an update of recent discoveries in this field, and specifically highlight the impact of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on DNA repair systems that contribute to genomic stability. Emphasis will be placed on the emerging role of redox mechanisms regulating epigenetic pathways (e.g. miRNA, DNA methylation and histone modifications). By providing clinical correlations we discuss how oxidative stress can impact on gene regulation/activity and vise versa, how epigenetic processes, other gene regulatory mechanisms and DNA repair can influence the cellular redox state and contribute or prevent development or progression of disease.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Yuliya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mikhed
authors.affiliation: German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Görlach
authors.affiliation: Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ulla G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Knaus
authors.affiliation: 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. Electronic address: daiber@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daiber
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006657:Histones; D022661:RNA, Untranslated
keywords: DNA repair; Epigenetics; Gene regulation; Oxidative stress; Redox signaling