title: Amniotic membrane and adipose-derived stem cell co-culture system enhances bone regeneration in a rat periodontal defect model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory process that potentially leads to alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss. Tissue engineering combined with stem cell therapy is a potential effective treatment for periodontal bone loss. Amniotic membrane (AM) is a potential scaffold enriched with multiple growth factors. It has the effects of anti-inflammation, antiangiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Herein, we used adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and an AM co-cultured system to study bone regeneration in a rat periodontal defect model in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human ADSCs were isolated from the infrapatellar fat pad, and characterized by flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and multipotent differentiation assays. The co-culture system was applied in the periodontal two-wall osseous defect in a rat model, and computed tomography was used to measure the effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human ADSCs isolated from the infrapatellar fat pad showed spindle-like morphology. Flow cytometry results demonstrated that ADSCs expressed a high level of CD90 and CD105, but not CD31, CD34, and CD45. ADSCs strongly expressed stemness genes, including SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, and KLF4 on different passages. Furthermore, ADSCs were able to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cells. In the periodontal osseous defect rat model, ADSCs and the AM co-culture system significantly increased bone regeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the basis for using ADSCs with an AM co-culture system as stem cell therapy and scaffold transplantation in clinical periodontology.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pin-Hsien
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiang-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jyh-Horng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jin-Chung
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mark Yen-Ping
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, College of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yao-Der
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Cooper's Animal Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Peng-Cheng
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: ccclrc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000650:Amnion / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D008297:Male; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715469:Klf4 protein, rat; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4
keywords: adipose-derived stem cell; amniotic membrane; bone regeneration; periodontal defect animal model