title: Pathophysiology and treatment of patients with globus sensation--from the viewpoint of esophageal motility dysfunction.
abstract: "Globus sensation" is often described as the sensation of a lump in the throat associated with dry swallowing or the need for dry swallowing, which disappears completely during eating or drinking and for which no organic cause can be established. Due to the uncertain etiology of "globus sensation", it remains difficult to establish standard treatment strategies for affected patients. Lately most attention has been focused on gastroesophageal reflux disease and several reports have indicated that there is a close relationship between esophageal acid reflux and globus sensation. Nowadays, empirical therapy with a high dose of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is considered to be indicated for patients with globus sensation, after excluding organic diseases such as pharyngeal cancer, Zenker's diverticulum, or thyroid enlargement. If patients are nonresponsive to PPI therapy, evaluation of esophageal motility should be done. In our recent study, 47.9% had abnormal esophageal motility, with the most common esophageal motility abnormality being an ineffective esophageal motility in PPI-resistant patients with globus sensation. This suggests that prokinetics alone or adding prokinetics to PPI should be the treatment to be considered, although few studies have investigated the efficacy of prokinetics in the treatment of patients with globus sensation. If patients without any esophageal motility dysfunctions are nonresponsive to PPI therapy, either cognitive-behavioral therapy, anti-depressants, or gabapentin could be helpful, although further well-designed, randomized controlled large-scale studies will be necessary to determine the effectiveness of each treatment strategy on patients with globus sensation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haruma
mesh_terms: D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors