title: Effects of soil and dietary exposures to Ag nanoparticles and AgNO₃ in the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus.
abstract: The effects of Ag-NPs and AgNO3 on the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus were determined upon soil and dietary exposures. Isopods avoided Ag in soil, with EC50 values of ∼16.0 and 14.0 mg Ag/kg for Ag-NPs and AgNO3, respectively. Feeding inhibition tests in soil showed EC50s for effects on consumption ratio of 127 and 56.7 mg Ag/kg, respectively. Although similar EC50s for effects on biomass were observed for nanoparticulate and ionic Ag (114 and 120 mg Ag/kg dry soil, respectively), at higher concentrations greater biomass loss was found for AgNO3. Upon dietary exposure, AgNO3 was more toxic, with EC50 for effects on biomass change being >1500 and 233 mg Ag/kg for Ag-NPs and AgNO3, respectively. The difference in toxicity between Ag-NPs and AgNO3 could not be explained from Ag body concentrations. This suggests that the relation between toxicity and bioavailability of Ag-NPs differs from that of ionic Ag in soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: paulatourinho@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Paula S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tourinho
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelis A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: van Gestel
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Oxford University, Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke Hill, Yarnton, Oxford, OX5 1PF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jurkschat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Amadeu M V M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loureiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033321:Isopoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012834:Silver; D012835:Silver Nitrate
keywords: Bioavailability; Routes of exposure; Silver nanoparticles; Toxicity