title: Modulation of T cell response by Phellinus linteus.
abstract: Phellinus linteus, a species of mushroom, has been shown to contribute to health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory activity and immunomodulatory efficacy. The aim of this study was to analyze the most effective constituents of P. linteus fermented broths, polysaccharides, and to evaluate their immunoregulatory effects on T cells. Four fermented broths (PL1-4) and the dialyzate medium (MD) were prepared from P. linteus mycelia, and the polysaccharide contents of each were analyzed. The P. linteus samples were tested for biological activity in the regulation of T cell activation. In T cells, the production of mitogen-induced interleukin (IL)-2 and cell cycle progression were dose-responsively inhibited by PL3 and MD, primarily through cell-cycle arrest in S phase. PL3 broth, which contained large quantities of polysaccharides, significantly decreased the ratio of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) to interleukin 4 (IL-4) in T cells. Thus, P. linteus fermented broths produced additive effects on the regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance and show promise for the development of immunomodulatory therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsuehshih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Chun-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, 1727, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hwai-Jeng
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Lu
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsuehshih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Chuan
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsuehshih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-An
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Kuo
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yin-Kuang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hua-Shan
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsuehshih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan. Electronic address: chl@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chih-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D011134:Polysaccharides; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Cell cycle; Cytokine; Phellinus linteus; Polysaccharide; Th1/Th2 balance