title: Imaging of Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture: Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy at a Level 1 Trauma Centre.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) is an uncommon injury that can be associated with significant morbidity if not detected and treated in a timely manner. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64-MDCT) for the detection of TDR in patients at our level 1 trauma centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used our hospital's trauma registry to identify patients with a diagnosis of TDR from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2012. Only patients with a 64-MDCT scan at presentation who subsequently underwent laparotomy/laparoscopy were included in the study cohort. Using surgical findings as the gold standard, the accuracy of the prospective radiology reports was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 3225 trauma patients who presented to our institution, 38 (1.2%) had a TDR. Fourteen of the 38 were excluded as they did not have MDCT before surgery. The study cohort consisted of 20 males and 4 females with a median age of 34.5 years and a median Injury Severity Score (ISS90) of 26. Fifteen had blunt trauma while 9 had a penetrating injury. The overall sensitivity of the radiology reports was 66.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46.7%-82.0%), specificity was 100% (95% CI: 94.1%-100%), positive predictive value was 100% (95% CI: 80.6%-100%), negative predictive value was 88.4% (95% CI: 78.8%-94.0%), and accuracy was 90.6% (95% CI: 82.5%-95.2%). However, only 3 of 9 patients with penetrating injury had a correct preoperative diagnosis. Two of the 6 missed penetrating trauma cases had only indirect signs of injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection of TDR in trauma patients on 64-MDCT can be improved, especially in patients presenting with penetrating injury. A careful search for subtle diaphragmatic defects and indirect evidence of injury is important to avoid missing the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency/Trauma Radiology, Department of Radiology, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Vincent A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency/Trauma Radiology, Department of Radiology, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: patlas@hhsc.ca.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Patlas
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency/Trauma Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Savvas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicolaou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006549:Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007472:Iohexol; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D009864:Ontario; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014193:Trauma Centers; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol
keywords: Diaphragmatic rupture; Multidetector computed tomography; Trauma