title: High dietary sodium reduces brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in humans with salt-sensitive and salt-resistant blood pressure.
abstract: Recent studies demonstrate that high dietary sodium (HS) impairs endothelial function in those with salt-resistant (SR) blood pressure (BP). The effect of HS on endothelial function in those with salt-sensitive (SS) BP is not currently known. We hypothesized that HS would impair brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) to a greater extent in SS compared with SR adults. Ten SR (age 42 ± 5 yr, 5 men, 5 women) and 10 SS (age 39 ± 5 yr, 5 men, 5 women) healthy, normotensive participants were enrolled in a controlled feeding study consisting of a run-in diet followed by a 7-day low dietary sodium (LS) (20 mmol/day) and a 7-day HS (300 mmol/day) diet in random order. Brachial artery FMD and 24-h BP were assessed on the last day of each diet. SS BP was individually assessed and defined as a change in 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) of >5 mmHg between the LS and HS diets (ΔMAP: SR -0.6 ± 1.2, SS 7.7 ± 0.4 mmHg). Brachial artery FMD was lower in both SS and SR individuals during the HS diet (P < 0.001), and did not differ between groups (P > 0.05) (FMD: SR LS 10.6 ± 1.3%, SR HS 7.2 ± 1.5%, SS LS 12.5 ± 1.7%, SS HS 7.8 ± 1.4%). These data indicate that an HS diet impairs brachial artery FMD to a similar extent in adults with SS BP and SR BP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; and.
authors.forename: Evan L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; and.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Brian
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; and.
authors.forename: Meghan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ramick
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; and Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lennon-Edwards
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; and.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; and wbf@udel.edu.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Farquhar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects*; D004032:Diet; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary
keywords: endothelial; flow-mediated dilation; vascular