title: Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome: Impedance changes over time with different cochlear implant electrode arrays.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess if large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS), with the increase in perilymphatic pressure, affects impedance changes over time with different types of Cochlear(®) implant electrode arrays Contour, Straight, and CI 422. To report speech perception outcomes for these cochlear implant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review of impedance levels and categories of auditory performance. Impedance data were collected at switch on, 1 month, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after cochlear implantation and compared with control (non-LVAS cochlear implant recipient) data for each array type. Forty-seven patients with exclusive LVAS and no other vestibulocochlear abnormalities or other identifiable cause of deafness were eligible for inclusion in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In LVAS patients, there was a significant difference in impedance between the three types of device (P < 0.0001). Time since switch on was associated with a decrease in impedance for all three devices (P < 0.0001). The mean impedance reduced between switch on and 1 month and remained relatively constant thereafter. Sound variation with softening of sounds was seen in four CI 422 (Straight Research Array) recipients due to ongoing fluctuations in electrode compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For all three array types, there was no significant difference in the mean impedance between the LVAS patients and controls over the first 12 months. In keeping with previous studies cochlear implant recipients with LVAS hear very well through the cochlear implant.
authors.forename: Harry R F
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Catherine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Birman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013067:Speech Perception; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014723:Vestibular Aqueduct / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cochlear implant; Electrode impedance; Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome