title: Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Genetic Risk Factors for Stroke in African Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The majority of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of stroke have focused on European-ancestry populations; however, none has been conducted in African Americans, despite the disproportionately high burden of stroke in this population. The Consortium of Minority Population Genome-Wide Association Studies of Stroke (COMPASS) was established to identify stroke susceptibility loci in minority populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using METAL, we conducted meta-analyses of GWAS in 14 746 African Americans (1365 ischemic and 1592 total stroke cases) from COMPASS, and tested genetic variants with P<10(-6) for validation in METASTROKE, a consortium of ischemic stroke genetic studies in European-ancestry populations. We also evaluated stroke loci previously identified in European-ancestry populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 15q21.3 locus linked with lipid levels and hypertension was associated with total stroke (rs4471613; P=3.9×10(-8)) in African Americans. Nominal associations (P<10(-6)) for total or ischemic stroke were observed for 18 variants in or near genes implicated in cell cycle/mRNA presplicing (PTPRG, CDC5L), platelet function (HPS4), blood-brain barrier permeability (CLDN17), immune response (ELTD1, WDFY4, and IL1F10-IL1RN), and histone modification (HDAC9). Two of these loci achieved nominal significance in METASTROKE: 5q35.2 (P=0.03), and 1p31.1 (P=0.018). Four of 7 previously reported ischemic stroke loci (PITX2, HDAC9, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, and ZFHX3) were nominally associated (P<0.05) with stroke in COMPASS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified a novel genetic variant associated with total stroke in African Americans and found that ischemic stroke loci identified in European-ancestry populations may also be relevant for African Americans. Our findings support investigation of diverse populations to identify and characterize genetic risk factors, and the importance of shared genetic risk across populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.). ccarty@cnmc.org.
authors.forename: Cara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Carty
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Keith L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Keene
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meschia
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nalls
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Joshua C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bis
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kittner
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tajuddin
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zonderman
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Michele K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Langefeld
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gottesman
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mosley
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shahar
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yaffe
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Michèle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sale
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dichgans
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Longstreth
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Braxton D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Psaty
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kooperberg
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Bradford B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Worrall
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.L.C., C.K., A.R.); Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (K.L.K.); Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, MD (Y.-C.C., S.J.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Y.-C.C., S.J.K., B.D.M.); Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.-M.C., S.S.R., M.M.S., B.B.W.); National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD (M.N., S.T., A.B.Z., M.K.E.); University of Washington, Seattle (J.C.B., W.T.L., B.M.P., A.R.); Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (C.D.L., Y.L.); Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson (E.S.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.W.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich, Germany (M.D., R.M.); Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); and Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas, Houston (M.F.).
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fornage
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: African Americans; genetic association studies; genome-wide association study; meta-analysis; stroke