title: Clinically applicable magnetic-labeling of natural killer cells for MRI of transcatheter delivery to liver tumors: preclinical validation for clinical translation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that MRI can monitor intraportal vein (IPV) transcatheter delivery of clinically applicable heparin-protamine-ferumoxytol (HPF) nanocomplex-labeled natural killer (NK) cells to liver tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liver tumor rat models underwent catheterization for IPV infusion of HPF-labeled NK cells (NK-92MI cell line). MRI measurements within tumor and adjacent liver tissues were compared pre- and post-NK cell infusion. Histology studies were used to identify NK cells in the target tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For first time, we demonstrated that MRI tracks HPF-labeled NK cells migration within liver following IPV delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPV transcatheter infusion permitted selective delivery of NK cells to liver tissues and MRI allowed tracking NK cell biodistributions within the tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China.|Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.|Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 675 N St Clair, 21st Floor, Suite 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Kangan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China.|Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.|Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 675 N St Clair, 21st Floor, Suite 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Linfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Guixiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Disease & Digestive Interventional Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
authors.forename: Guohong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.|Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 675 N St Clair, 21st Floor, Suite 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.|Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 675 N St Clair, 21st Floor, Suite 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Zhuoli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058948:Cell Tracking; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000637:transplantation*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D011479:Protamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D011479:Protamines; C030101:protamine heparin aggregate; D006493:Heparin; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide
keywords: MRI; liver tumor; natural killer cell; portal vein; rat; transcatheter delivery