title: Rhinovirus-C detection in children presenting with acute respiratory infection to hospital in Brazil.
abstract: Human rhinovirus (RV) is a common cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children. We aimed to characterize the clinical and demographic features associated with different RV species detected in children attending hospital with ARI, from low-income families in North-east Brazil. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 630 children <5 years with ARI. Clinical diagnosis and disease severity were also recorded. Samples were analyzed by multiplex PCR for 18 viral and atypical bacterial pathogens; RV positive samples underwent partial sequencing to determine species and type. RV was the fourth commonest pathogen accounting for 18.7% of pathogens detected. RV was commonly detected in children with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma/episodic viral wheeze (EVW). Species and type were assigned in 112 cases (73% RV-A; 27% RV-C; 0% RV-B). Generally, there were no differences in clinical or demographic characteristics between those infected with RV-A and RV-C. However, in children with asthma/EVW, RV-C was detected relatively more frequently than RV-A (23% vs. 5%; P = 0.04). Our findings highlight RV as a potentially important pathogen in this setting. Generally, clinical and demographic features were similar in children in whom RV-A and C species were detected. However, RV-C was more frequently found in children with asthma/EVW than RV-A.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Fawkner-Corbett
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Siew Kim
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carminha M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia G M
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Yury A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Bochkov
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gern
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Le Souef
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: McNamara
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000821:virology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: asthma; bronchiolitis; child; pneumonia; respiratory tract infections; rhinovirus