title: The protective effects of apocynin on ionizing radiation-induced intestinal damage in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiation colitis typically emerges during radiotherapy of intra-abdominal malignancies. While the underlying mechanism remains unclear, it is considered that free oxygen radicals act like cellular mediators to cause colonic damage. Apocynin (APO) prevents oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death by inhibiting NADPH oxidase, and preventing the formation of free oxygen radicals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of APO, a strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent, on radiation induced colonic oxidative damage in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group). Group I (control group); Group II (Group RAD) received a single dose of 800 cGy ionizing radiation to the whole abdomen with a linear accelerator (LINAC); Group III (Group APO) received a single dose of 20 mg/kg of APO intraperitoneally for five days; Group IV (Group APO+RAD) received APO for five days before radiation exposure (similar to Group III), (similar to Group II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  APO treatment prior to radiation led to protection in the biochemical and histopathological parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that APO treatment before radiation improves radiation induced colonic injury in rats, by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology .
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cagin
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacology .
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parlakpinar
authors.affiliation: c Department of Physiology .
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.affiliation: d Department of Histology and Embryology .
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vardi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology .
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atayan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology .
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.affiliation: e Department of Radiation Oncology , and.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.affiliation: d Department of Histology and Embryology .
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.affiliation: f Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey , and.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sarihan
authors.affiliation: g Department of Obstetric & Gynecology , Hayat Hospital , Malatya , Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aladag
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003092:Colitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000975:Antioxidants; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; C056165:acetovanillone
keywords: Apocynin; intestine damage; oxidative stress; radiation; rat