title: Herbal infusions of black seed and wheat germ oil: Their chemical profiles, in vitro bio-investigations and effective formulations as Phyto-Nanoemulsions.
abstract: The reported studies related to black seed oil (BSO) and wheat germ oil (WGO) have illustrated that they have a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, enhancing the amount of bio-active compounds that caused higher cell based anti-oxidative effect as well as cell proliferation, etc. in seed oils, infusion of crude plant material has been gained importance as a traditional technique. Herein, we accomplished the infusion of Calendula flowers that also contains many phyto-constituents into BSO and WGO. After the infusion of oils, the change of phytochemical amount was investigated and evaluated according to the oils by chromatography, radical scavenging activity. Subsequently, for investigating the biological impact upon live cells, cytotoxicity, cell-based antioxidant capacity, wound healing and radioprotective activity were tested with monkey kidney fibroblast like cells (Vero) and HaCaT keratinocytes. In vitro cell based experiments (wound healing and radioprotective activity) confirmed that Calendula infused BSO and WGO have greater bio-activity when compared to those plain forms. The herbal oils prepared with an effective extraction technique were incorporated into nanoemulsion systems which will be then called as 'Phyto-Nanoemulsion'. After herbal oil biomolecules were encapsulated into nanoemulsion based delivery systems, the designed formulations were investigated in terms of biological activities. In conclusion, these preparations could be a good candidate as a part of dermal cosmetic products or food supplements which have the therapeutic efficiency, especially after radio- or chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Abuse Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Z Pinar
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Gumus
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Abuse Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guler
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: F Baris
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Barlas
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colpankan
authors.affiliation: Sifa University Hospital, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: A Murat
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Senisik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teksoz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Perihan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Unak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Abuse Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Ege LS, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coskunol
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Abuse Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: suna.timur@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Timur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004655:Emulsions; D029001:Herbal Medicine; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Black seed oil; Calendula; Herbal infusion; In vitro cell culture; Nanoemulsion based carrier; Wheat germ oil