title: Development of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Strip Test for the Detection of Mulberroside A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mulberroside A (MuA) is the major active anti-tyrosinase compound in the root bark extract of Morus alba L. (Moraceae). Typically, MuA is widely employed as an active ingredient in whitening cosmetics. A rapid and simple assay system utilizing a small quantity of test sample is essential for the detection of MuA in large number of samples. An immunoassay using highly specific MuA polyclonal antibodies may be useful for the determination of small quantities of MuA in test samples.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish a rapid qualitative MuA test, an immunochromatographic strip test was developed using anti-MuA polyclonal antibodies (anti-MuA PAb).
  
  
  METHODS
  The qualitative assay was based on a competitive immunoassay where the detection reagent consisted of anti-MuA PAb colored with colloidal gold particles. The capture reagent was a MuA-ovalbumin (MuA-OVA) conjugate immobilized on the test strip membrane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A sample containing MuA and the detection reagent were incubated together with immobilized capture reagent on a nitrocellulose membrane. When MuA was present, it competed with the immobilized conjugates on the strip membrane to bind a limited amount of colored antibodies; thus, a positive sample showed no color on the capture spot zone. The detection limit for the strip test was 2 µg/mL. The developed immunochromatographic strip test was utilized to determine MuA in plants, medical preparations and cosmetic samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This immunochromatographic strip test is advantageous as a rapid, simple and sensitive screening method for the detection of MuA in plant extracts, cosmetic samples and pharmaceutical products.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chadathorn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Inyai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jukrapun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Komaikul
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tharita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitisripanya
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Boonchoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sritularak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Putalun
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000032:analysis*; D029586:Moraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013267:Stilbenes; C420606:mulberroside A
keywords: Morus alba L; immunochromatographic; mulberroside A; polyclonal antibody