title: [Effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia on oxidative stress and inflammatory response and the interventional roles of adiponectin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on oxidative stress and inflammatory response and the interventional roles of adiponectin (Ad).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of control group, CIH and CIH+Ad (n = 15 each). The control group breathed room air while the CIH and CIH+Ad groups received CIH 8 h/d for 5 successive weeks. The CIH+Ad group Ad had an injection of 10 µg once a week through tail vein. At the end of experiment (Day 35), comparison was performed among three groups about Ad, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL) 6 from serum as well as malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), reactive oxygen spieces (ROS) and nuclear factor (NF) κB from genioglossus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum Ad level in CIH group was lower than those in control and CIH+Ad groups ((4 208 ± 2 239) vs (7 051 ± 2 432) and (6 405 ± 2 384) ng/ml, all P < 0.05) with no statistic difference between control and CIH+Ad groups. Both serum levels of TNF-α and CRP were higher in CIH group than those in control and CIH+Ad groups ((70.87 ± 35.16) vs (26.54 ± 20.32) and (29.50 ± 22.54) pg/ml, as well as (31.84 ± 11.48) vs (22.68 ± 9.63), (25.32 ± 8.34) mg/L, all P < 0.05)with no significant difference between control and CIH+Ad groups. Serum IL-6 levels were all higher in CIH group and CIH+Ad group than that in control group ((30.54 ± 12.25) and (23.04 ± 13.) vs (14.10 ± 8.83) pg/ml, all P < 0.05) with no significant difference between CIH and CIH+Ad groups. Genioglossal malondialdehyde level was significantly elevated in CIH group than those in control and CIH+Ad groups ((8.05 ± 4.53) vs (5.18 ± 3.03) and ((5.74 ± 3.06) nmol/mg, all P < 0.01) with no significant difference between control and CIH+Ad groups. Genioglossal SOD activity was lower in CIH+Ad group than that in CIH group but higher than that in control group ((42.42 ± 23.17) vs (61.77 ± 36.38) and (18.62 ± 11.67) U/mg, all P < 0.05). Genioglossal MPO levels were significantly higher in both CIH and CIH+Ad groups than that in control group ((0.40 ± 0.29) and (0.31 ± 0.17) vs (0.17 ± 0.08) µU/mg, all P < 0.01), with no significance between CIH and CIH+Ad groups. The relative level of total reactive oxygen species (ROS) in genioglossus of CIH+Ad group was significantly lower than that in CIH group but higher than that in control group (1.94 ± 1.01 vs 3.31 ± 1.56 and 1.08 ± 0.38 all P < 0.05). The transcription of NF-κB was significantly higher in CIH group than that in control and CIH+Ad groups (2.24 ± 0.34 vs 0.78 ± 0.21, P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference with CIH+Ad group (1.04 ± 0.27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIH may induce oxidative stress and inflammation possibly through NF κB pathway while a supplement of Ad attenuates the above CIH-induced responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, the Third People's Hospital of Anji County, Zhejiang 313301, China.
authors.forename: Guoyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, the Third People's Hospital of Anji County, Zhejiang 313301, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, the Third People's Hospital of Anji County, Zhejiang 313301, China.
authors.forename: Wenxiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, the Third People's Hospital of Anji County, Zhejiang 313301, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, the Third People's Hospital of Anji County, Zhejiang 313301, China.
authors.forename: Hanpeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, the Third People's Hospital of Anji County, Zhejiang 313301, China; Email: zhangxilong1952@163.com.
authors.forename: Xilong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002908:Chronic Disease; D000860:Hypoxia; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein