title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma in cardiovascular disorders and cardiovascular surgery.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor regulating transcription of several genes involved mainly in fatty acid and energy metabolism. PPARγ agonists are used as insulin sensitizers for treatment of diabetes. However, according to the results of recent studies, their clinical application can be broadened. Activation of PPARγ has a wide spectrum of biological functions, regulating metabolism, reducing inflammation, influencing the balance of immune cells, inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress, and improving endothelial function. These effects appear to be beneficial not only in diabetes and atherosclerosis, but also in a number of other conditions, including cardiovascular surgical interventions. In this review we discuss the role of PPARγ in various conditions associated with cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and hypertension, and will focus on current applications of PPARγ activators and their therapeutic use. We will also give an overview of the potential use of PPARγ agonists in cardiovascular surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Growth and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ekaterina A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery and Translational Research Unit, Policlinico San Donato IRCCS, Malan 20097, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parolari
authors.affiliation: Unit for Clinical Research in Atherothrombosis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Malan 20138, Italy.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Myasoedova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexandra A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Melnichenko
authors.affiliation: Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia. Electronic address: y.bobryshev@unsw.edu.au.
authors.forename: Yuri V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Bobryshev
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Orekhov
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma
keywords: Cardiovascular disorders; Cardiovascular surgery; Cardiovascular surgical interventions; Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma