title: Increased cerebrospinal fluid fibrinogen in major depressive disorder.
abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) presumably includes heterogeneous subgroups with differing pathologies. To obtain a marker reflecting such a subgroup, we analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of fibrinogen, which has been reported to be elevated in the plasma of patients with MDD. Three fibrinogen-related proteins were measured using aptamer-based analyses and CSF samples of 30 patients with MDD and 30 controls. The numbers of patients with an excessively high level (>99 percentile of the controls) was significantly increased (17 to 23%). Measurement reproducibility of these results was confirmed by an ELISA for fibrinogen (Pearson's r = 0.77). In an independent sample set from 36 patients and 30 controls, using the ELISA, results were similar (22%). When these two sample sets were combined, the number of patients with a high fibrinogen level was significantly increased (15/66; odds ratio 8.53; 95% confidence interval 1.9-39.1, p = 0.0011). By using diffusion tensor imaging, we found white matter tracts abnormalities in patients with a high fibrinogen level but not those patients with a normal fibrinogen level, compared with controls. Plasma fibrinogen levels were similar among the diagnostic groups. Our results point to a subgroup of MDD represented by increased CSF fibrinogen and white matter tract abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan [2] Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Daimei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sasayama
authors.affiliation: National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.affiliation: Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teraishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohsaka
authors.affiliation: Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu-ichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kunugi
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005340:Fibrinogen