title: Factors associated with successful bilateral sentinel lymph node mapping in endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As our understanding of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping for endometrial cancer (EC) evolves, tailoring the technique to individual patients at high risk for failed mapping may result in a higher rate of successful bilateral mapping (SBM). The study objective is to identify patient, tumor, and surgeon factors associated with successful SBM in patients with EC and complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2012 to November 2014, women with EC or CAH underwent SLN mapping via cervical injection followed by robot-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy (RA-TLH) at a tertiary care academic center. Completion lymphadenectomy and ultrastaging were performed according to an institutional protocol. Patient demographics, tumor and surgeon/intraoperative variables were prospectively collected and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed evaluating factors known or hypothesized to impact the rate of successful lymphatic mapping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RA-TLH and SLN mapping was performed in 111 women; 93 had EC and 18 had CAH. Eighty women had low grade and 31 had high grade disease. Overall, at least one SLN was identified in 85.6% of patients with SBM in 62.2% of patients. Dye choice (indocyanine green versus isosulfan blue), odds ratio (OR: 4.5), body mass index (OR: 0.95), and clinically enlarged lymph nodes (OR: 0.24) were associated with SBM rate on multivariate analyses. The use of indocyanine green dye was particularly beneficial in patients with a body mass index greater than 30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection dye, BMI, and clinically enlarged lymph nodes are important considerations when performing sentinel lymph node mapping for EC.
authors.affiliation: The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: etanner4@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.affiliation: The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Abdulrahman K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sinno
authors.affiliation: The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.affiliation: The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Kara C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Amanda N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Fader
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C025484:iso-sulfan blue; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Endometrial cancer; Fluorescence imaging; Indocyanine green; Obesity; Robotic hysterectomy; Sentinel lymph node