title: Market Survey and Risk Assessment for Trace Metals in Edible Fungi and the Substrate Role in Accumulation of Heavy Metals.
abstract: Levels of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were investigated in 285 samples of 9 species of edible fungi (Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tremella fuciformis, Flammulina velutipes, Agrocybe chaxinggu, Armillaria mellea, Agaricus bisporus, and Pholiota nameko), which were collected from markets in Beijing, China. In addition, edible fungi and culture substrates were collected from 7 cultivation bases to examine the role of the substrate in trace metal accumulation. Trace metal concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis. Data showed that all the edible fungi contained trace metals, the levels of which varied among species, and there were significant positive correlations between trace metal (Cd, Pb, and As) concentrations in mushrooms and their substrates. The concentrations of Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Fe, and Zn in the tested fungi ranged from 0.005 to 13.8 mg/kg, nd to 1.62 mg/kg, nd to 0.506 mg/kg, 0.011 to 22.1 mg/kg, 46.3 to 2514 mg/kg, and 14.6 to 289 mg/kg, respectively. In general, concentrations of Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Fe, and Zn were relatively high in L. edodes, whereas Tremella fuciformis and P. nameko had relatively low levels of trace metals. Furthermore, the estimated weekly intake of trace metals was calculated and compared with the WHO/FAO provisional tolerable weekly intake. The estimated weekly intake of Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Fe, and Zn from consuming edible fungi was lower than the provisional tolerable weekly intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper reports information about trace metal concentrations in edible fungi collected from Beijing, China. This paper provides useful information for consumers and regulators about levels of trace metals in edible fungi.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agriculture Univ., Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agriculture Univ., Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agriculture Univ., Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agriculture Univ., Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Huafen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agriculture Univ., Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Rongfeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D000068476:Beijing; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D007501:Iron; D008628:Mercury; D015032:Zinc; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: China; edible fungi; estimated weekly intake; substrate; trace metals