title: Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease: Relation to Autophagy/Mitophagy and Therapeutic Approaches.
abstract: Diminished glucose metabolism accompanies many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. An understanding of the relation of these metabolic changes to the disease will enable development of novel therapeutic strategies. Following a metabolic challenge, cells generally conserve energy to preserve viability. This requires activation of many cellular repair/regenerative processes such as mitophagy/autophagy and fusion/fission. These responses may diminish cell function in the long term. Prolonged fission induces mitophagy/autophagy which promotes repair but if prolonged progresses to mitochondrial degradation. Abnormal glucose metabolism alters protein signaling including the release of proteins from the mitochondria or migration of proteins from the cytosol to the mitochondria or nucleus. This overview provides an insight into the different mechanisms of autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in response to the diminished metabolism that occurs with diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The review discusses multiple aspects of mitochondrial responses including different signaling proteins and pathways of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Improving cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics will alter protein signaling and improve cellular/mitochondrial repair and regeneration. An understanding of these changes will suggest new therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA.
authors.forename: Kalpita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
authors.forename: Soumyabrata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.affiliation: Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA. ggibson@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D063306:Mitophagy
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose
keywords: Fission; Fusion; Glucose metabolism; Mitophagy/autophagy; Neurodegeneration