title: Understanding the Mechanism of Action of Triazine-Phosphonate Derivatives as Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabric.
abstract: Countless hours of research and studies on triazine, phosphonate, and their combination have provided insightful information into their flame retardant properties on polymeric systems. However, a limited number of studies shed light on the mechanism of flame retardancy of their combination on cotton fabrics. The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding of the thermal degradation process of two triazine-phosphonate derivatives on cotton fabric. The investigation included the preparation of diethyl 4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylphosphonate (TPN1) and dimethyl (4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yloxy) methyl phosphonate (TPN3), their application on fabric materials, and the studies of their thermal degradation mechanism. The studies examined chemical components in both solid and gas phases by using attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared (TGA-FTIR) spectroscopy, and 31P solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (31P solid state NMR), in addition to the computational studies of bond dissociation energy (BDE). Despite a few differences in their decomposition, TPN1 and TPN3 produce one common major product that is believed to help reduce the flammability of the fabric.
authors.affiliation: Cotton Chemistry and Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd. New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. monique.nguyen@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Monique M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 701 E. High St. Oxford, OH 45056, USA. s.wahid@miamioh.edu.
authors.forename: M Sameer
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Abdul-Wahid
authors.affiliation: Cotton Chemistry and Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd. New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. krystal.fontenot@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Krystal R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Fontenot
authors.affiliation: Cotton Chemistry and Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd. New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. elena.graves@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Elena E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.affiliation: Cotton Chemistry and Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd. New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. sechin.chang@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: SeChin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Cotton Chemistry and Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd. New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. brian.condon@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Condon
authors.affiliation: Cotton Chemistry and Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd. New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. casey.grimm@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Casey C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 701 E. High St. Oxford, OH 45056, USA. lorigag@miamioh.edu.
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lorigan
mesh_terms: D032561:Cotton Fiber; D005411:Flame Retardants; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D063065:Organophosphonates; D014227:Triazines
keywords: 31P solid state NMR; ATR-IR; TGA-FTIR; mechanism; phosphoric acid; thermal degradation; triazine-phosphonate