title: Embedded Left Anterior Descending Artery During Coronary Bypass Operations: A 15-year Experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Revascularisation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is the most important part of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operations. We analysed the results of CABG in patients with embedded LADs compared to age and gender-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 4,102 patients undergoing primary on-pump CABG from January, 1999, through April, 2014, 92 had embedded LADs. Direct dissection (n= 19) or retrograde probe technique (n= 73) was utilised to expose the LAD. Controls had epicardial courses of the LAD. A retrospective study was performed and follow-up information was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were longer (63.5 ± 8.5 vs. 46.6 ± 20, p<0.001; and 81.4 ± 21.4 vs. 60.1 ± 20.8, p<0.001, respectively) in the study group in which four patients had right ventricular injury (n = 3, direct dissection; n = 1, retrograde probe). The groups did not differ in terms of associated comorbidities, number of grafts, reoperation rate for bleeding, duration of intensive care unit stay, and duration of hospital stay. There were no hospital deaths in either group. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed similar survival rates postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with embedded LADs, surgical outcomes following on-pump CABG compare favourably with the age- and gender-matched controls.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Özel Adana Hastanesi, Adana, Turkey. Electronic address: htkiziltan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: H Tarık
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kızıltan
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Özel Adana Hastanesi, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salihi
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Özel Adana Hastanesi, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aslı
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: İdem
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Özel Adana Hastanesi, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alaaddin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pekedis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Cardiac anatomy/pathologic anatomy; Coronary artery bypass grafts/ CABG; Embedded left anterior descending coronary artery/LAD