title: Effect of commercial cleansers on skin barrier permeability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Addition of hydrophobically modified polymers (HMPs) to cleansers can reduce the negative impact of surfactant-based cleansers. In this study, the effects of a cleanser containing HMPs, a gentle lotion cleanser (GLC), water, and 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on barrier permeability, were evaluated in vitro in pig skin and in vivo in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin stratum corneum (SC) barrier function was quantitated by imaging fluorescence intensity of the sulforhodamine B (SRB) in a pig skin model system using 2-photon and conventional fluorescence confocal microscopy. Solutions containing SRB were applied to pig skin in Franz diffusion cells over a period of 2 h. Penetration of SRB into the skin was monitored from 2 μm to 38 μm. In vivo surfactant/cleanser penetration in human skin was determined using tape stripping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 2 h, water, 1% SLS, and GLC, significantly increased SRB intensity at all depths measured. SRB intensity was reduced in the HMP-cleanser group compared with other groups at each depth. In vivo, the presence of HMP reduced SLS penetration as measured by tape stripping.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cleanser containing HMP prevented changes in SC permeability and surfactant penetration, indicating a protective effect on skin barrier properties.
authors.affiliation: JOHNSON & JOHNSON Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hornby
authors.affiliation: JOHNSON & JOHNSON Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: JOHNSON & JOHNSON Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.affiliation: JOHNSON & JOHNSON Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Appa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dorfman
authors.affiliation: Kamath Consulting Inc., Monmouth, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003902:Detergents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004058:Diffusion / Q000187:drug effects; D004817:Epidermis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
keywords: cleanser; confocal microscopy; hydrophobically modified polymers; skin; sulforhodamine B; surfactant