title: Hyperbaric oxygen in skeletal muscle of rats submitted to total acute left hindlimb ischemia: A research report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment in skeletal muscle of rats submitted to total acute left hindlimb ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental study was designed using 48 Wistar rats divided into four groups (n = 12): Control; Ischemia (I)--total hindlimb ischemia for 270 minutes; Hyperbaric oxygen treatment during ischemia (HBO2)--total hindlimb ischemia for 270 minutes and hyperbaric oxygen during the first 90 minutes; Pre-treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (PHBO2)--90 minutes of hyperbaric oxygen treatment before total hindlimb ischemia for 270 minutes. Skeletal muscle injury was evaluated by measuring levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total creatine phosphokinase (CPK); muscular malondialdehyde (MDA), muscular glycogen, and serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AST was significantly higher in I, HBO2 and PHBO2 compared with control (P = .001). There was no difference in LDH. CPK was significantly higher in I, HBO2 and PHBO2, compared with control (p = .014). MDA was significantly higher in PHBO2, compared with other groups (p = .042). Glycogen was significantly decreased in I, HBO2 and PHBO2, compared with control (p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in acute total hindlimb ischemia exerted no protective effect on muscle injury, regardless of time of application. When applied prior to installation of total ischemia, hyperbaric oxygen treatment aggravated muscle injury.
authors.forename: Luis Gustavo Campos
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Marcelo Bellini
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Dalio
authors.forename: Edwaldo Edner
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Joviliano
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Feres
authors.forename: Carlos Eli
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Piccinato
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000032:analysis; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000032:analysis; D006003:Glycogen / Q000032:analysis; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D058028:Research Report; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006003:Glycogen; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D003402:Creatine Kinase