title: The effect of pro-ecological procedures and insect foraging on the total content of phenol compounds in winter wheat.
abstract: In laboratory conditions, the effect of pro-ecological procedures (application of effective microorganisms and Asahi SL biostimulator) and foraging by insects [cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopa L.) and bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)] on the total content of phenolic compounds in winter wheat, was studied. Correlations between the total content of phenolic compounds (determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method) expressed as the amount of pyrogallol in wheat plants: undamaged, damaged by O. melanopa, damaged by R. padi, the length of feeding scar left by cereal leaf beetle and the number of pricks made by actively feeding insects of bird cherry-oat aphid were analysed. The wheat was treated by EM inoculant and a biostimulator. The mode of application of the preparations used had a significant effect on level the total phenolic compounds in the undamaged wheat and the wheat exposed to foraging by the above-mentioned insects. The plants not exposed to insects foraging contained greater amounts of phenolic compounds than those exposed to the insects. The correlation between the total content of phenols in the wheat damaged by the insects in the 'no-choice' conditions, proved insignificant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Molecular Phytopathology, University of Technology and Life Sciences , 20 Kordeckiego St., 85-225 Bydgoszcz , Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamparski
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balcerek
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Modnicki
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotwica
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wawrzyniak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids; D001517:Coleoptera; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005504:Food Analysis; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols
keywords: Asahi SL biostimulant; Content of total phenolic compounds; Oulema melanopa L.; Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); effective microorganism; wheat