title: Socioeconomic status and organ damage in Mexican systemic lupus erythematosus women.
abstract: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine relationships between socioeconomic status and organ damage in Mexican systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Demographic and clinical variables were assessed. Socioeconomic status was evaluated using the Graffar method and monthly household income. Lupus activity and organ damage were measured using the SLE disease activity scale, validated for the Mexican population (Mex-SLEDAI), and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) scale. The 143 Mexican female SLE patients included (mean age 40.1 ± 8.9 years, mean disease duration 8.9 ± 6.3 years) had a mean monthly household income of $ 407.2 ± 326.5. According to the Graffar index, 18.9%, 52.5%, and 28.7% had high/medium-high, medium, and medium-low/low socioeconomic status, respectively. Organ damage was observed in 61 patients (42.7%). Patients with organ damage had lower monthly household incomes ($241.4 ± 152.4 vs. $354.8 ± 288.3) and were more frequently unemployed (57.3% vs. 35.3%; p = 0.01) than those without. Low monthly income was not associated with lupus activity or self-reported health status. In the adjusted multivariate analysis, low monthly income ( < $300) was associated with organ damage. In conclusion, low income may be associated with organ damage in Mexican SLE patients.
authors.affiliation: Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, IMSS, Puebla, México Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México mgc30591@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Pinto
authors.affiliation: Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, IMSS, Puebla, México.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Méndez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, IMSS, Puebla, México.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soto-Santillán
authors.affiliation: Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, IMSS, Puebla, México.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galindo Herrera
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Administration, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pérez-Contreras
authors.affiliation: Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, IMSS, Puebla, México.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macías-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Education Department, IMSS, Puebla, México.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taboada-Cole
authors.affiliation: Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, IMSS, Puebla, México Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Carrasco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008179:Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid / Q000191:economics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000191:economics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000191:economics* / Q000473:pathology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012923:Social Class; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus; lupus activity; organ damage; socioeconomic status