title: Silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid ameliorate lead-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in rats.
abstract: We studied the effect of silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a chelating agent that was administered individually or in combination against lead (Pb) toxicity in rats. Wistar rats (200 ± 20) were randomly divided into five groups. Group A served as a control. Groups B-E were exposed to 2000 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water for 8 weeks. Group B served as a positive control. Group C received silymarin (100 mg kg(-1) orally) for 8 weeks. Group D received DMSA (75 mg kg(-1) orally) once daily for the last 5 days of treatment. Group E received DMSA and silymarin as groups C and D, respectively. The effect of Pb was evaluated and accordingly the treatments on blood lead levels (BLLs), renal system, and genotoxic effects were calculated using comet assay. The BLLs were significantly increased following the exposition of lead acetate. The administration of silymarin and DMSA provided reduction in BLLs. Silymarin and DMSA provided significant protection on the genotoxic effect of Pb. The toxic effect of Pb on kidneys was also studied. Our data suggest that silymarin and DMSA improve the renal histopathological lesions.
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México yolaalca@ugto.mx.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Alcaraz-Contreras
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Lozano
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Martínez-Alcaraz
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Alfaro
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gallegos-Corona
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Morales
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Guevara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012838:Silymarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004113:Succimer / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D012838:Silymarin; D007854:Lead; D004113:Succimer
keywords: Lead acetate; comet assay; dimercaptosuccinic acid; kidney toxicity; silymarin