title: Marriage and parenthood in relation to obesogenic neighborhood trajectories: The CARDIA study.
abstract: Marriage and parenthood are associated with weight gain and residential mobility. Little is known about how obesity-relevant environmental contexts differ according to family structure. We estimated trajectories of neighborhood poverty, population density, and density of fast food restaurants, supermarkets, and commercial and public physical activity facilities for adults from a biracial cohort (CARDIA, n=4,174, aged 25-50) over 13 years (1992-93 through 2005-06) using latent growth curve analysis. We estimated associations of marriage, parenthood, and race with the observed neighborhood trajectories. Married participants tended to live in neighborhoods with lower poverty, population density, and availability of all types of food and physical activity amenities. Parenthood was similarly but less consistently related to neighborhood characteristics. Marriage and parenthood were more strongly related to neighborhood trajectories in whites (versus blacks), who, in prior studies, exhibit weaker associations between neighborhood characteristics and health. Greater understanding of how interactive family and neighborhood environments contribute to healthy living is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boone-Heinonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Annie Green
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Cora E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Catarina I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Kiefe
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Helena H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Laroche
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Erica P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Gunderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: gordon_larsen@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gordon-Larsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D004777:Environment; D015444:Exercise; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010290:Parents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People
keywords: Built environment; Geographic information systems; Life course; Longitudinal study; Obesity