title: Choline Ameliorates Deficits in Balance Caused by Acute Neonatal Ethanol Exposure.
abstract: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is estimated to occur in 1 % of all live births. The developing cerebellum is vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol. People with FASD have cerebellar hypoplasia and developmental deficits associated with cerebellar injury. Choline is an essential nutrient, but many diets in the USA are choline deficient. In rats, choline given with or following alcohol exposure reduces many alcohol-induced neurobehavioral deficits but not those associated with cerebellar function. Our objective was to determine if choline supplementation prior to alcohol exposure would ameliorate the impact of ethanol on a cerebellar-associated behavioral test in mice. Pregnant C57Bl6/J mice were maintained on a choline-deficient diet from embryonic day 4.5. On postnatal day 1 (P1), pups were assigned to one of eight treatment groups: choline (C) or saline (S) pre-treatment from P1 to P5, ethanol (6 g/kg) or Intralipid(®) on P5, C and or S post-treatment from P6 to P20. On P30, balance and coordination were tested using the dowel crossing test. Overall, there was a significant effect of treatment and females crossed longer distances than males. Ethanol exposure significantly reduced the total distance crossed. Choline pre-treatment increased the distance crossed by males, and both pre- and post-treatment with choline significantly increased total distance crossed for females and males. There was no effect of choline on Intralipid®-exposed animals. This is the first study to show that choline ameliorates ethanol-induced effects on balance and coordination when given before ethanol exposure. Choline fortification of common foodstuffs may reduce the effects of alcohol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., BRB 13-041, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Bearer
authors.forename: Kristen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wellmann
authors.forename: Ningfeng
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mooney
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D002794:Choline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D000431:Ethanol; D002794:Choline