title: Effect of pitavastatin on glucose, HbA1c and incident diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials in individuals without diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether adverse effect of statins on glycaemic indices is common to all statins remains controversial and as yet data for pitavastatin are limited. We sought to assess the effects of pitavastatin on glycaemia and new-onset diabetes (NOD) in non-diabetic individuals using data from RCT pooled together by means of a meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched Medline, Cochrane, Embase and clinical trials registries websites until November-2014 for ≥12-week follow-up placebo or statin-controlled RCT of pitavastatin that included participants without diabetes and reported on fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c or NOD. We additionally sought studies by consulting with Kowa Ph. Ltd. The association of pitavastatin with the outcomes were estimated by random-effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I(2) statistic and sensitivity and subgroup analyses, and publication bias with funnel plots and Egger and Harbord Tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15 studies (approx. 1600 person-years) were included. No significant differences associated with pitavastatin (vs. control) were observed for FBG (MD -0.01 mg/dL [95%CI -0.77, 0.74], I(2) = 0%), HbA1c (MD -0.03% [95%CI -0.11, 0.05], I(2) = 43%) or NOD (RR 0.70 [95%CI 0.30, 1.61]; RD 0.0 [95%CI -0.004, 0.003]; I(2) = 0%). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses (including type of control [placebo or other statin], pitavastatin dose or follow-up] did not yield significant results. Potential publication bias may occur for NOD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present meta-analysis pitavastatin did not adversely affect glucose metabolism or diabetes development compared with placebo or other statins.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vallejo-Vaz
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sreenivasa Rao
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kondapally Seshasai
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurogi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Michishita
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nozue
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of California San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: Sotirios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsimikas
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Electronic address: k.ray@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kausik K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015994:Incidence; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011804:Quinolines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011804:Quinolines; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C108475:pitavastatin
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Glucose; Glycated haemoglobin; HbA1c; Meta-analysis; NK-104; Pitavastatin