title: Renal dysplasia in Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a multisystem genetic disorder characterized with central obesity, pigmentary retinopathy, polydactyly, mental retardation, and hypogenitalism. Renal abnormalities have been recognized as a cardinal feature of the disease with serious prognostic implication. The aim of this study was to analyze the renal status in children with BBS and to implement appropriate interventions in those with progressive course Patients and methods: The diagnosis of BBS was established on the basis of criteria proposed by Beales et al. (J Med Genet 1999). Imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract was performed with ultrasound study, Tc99(m)DMSA scan and a cystographic study. Twenty four hour urine collections were obtained for estimation of proteinuria and creatinine clearance. Blood pressure was monitored at clinical visits or as 24-hour ambulatory monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 4 children (2 males, 2 females). All four children displayed abnormal kidney ultrasound and Tc99(m)DMSA scan resembling dysplastic kidney(s). Two of them had overt proteinuria (glomerulo-tubular pattern). Three children had normal blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR): 107, 145 and 95 ml/min/1.73m(2), and the fourth had hypertension and progressive worsening of the GFR at 65 ml/min/1.73m(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with BBS should undergo imaging studies of the kidneys and urinary tract at initial work up; in those with renal dysplasia proteinuria, GFR and blood pressure should be regularly monitored to slow down progression to terminal renal failure.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, Medical School Skopje, R. Macedonia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ristoska Bojkovska
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Clinic, Clinical Center Prishtina, Kosovo.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spahiu
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, Medical School Skopje, R. Macedonia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janchevska
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, Medical School Skopje, R. Macedonia.
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Gucev
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, Medical School Skopje, R. Macedonia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tasic
mesh_terms: D020788:Bardet-Biedl Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D021782:Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography