title: Characterization of a Direct Sample Analysis (DSA) Ambient Ionization Source.
abstract: Water cluster ion intensity and distribution is affected by source conditions in direct sample analysis (DSA) ionization. Parameters investigated in this paper include source nozzle diameter, gas flow rate, and source positions relative to the mass spectrometer inlet. Schlieren photography was used to image the gas flow profile exiting the nozzle. Smaller nozzle diameters and higher flow rates produced clusters of the type [H + (H(2)O)(n)](+) with greater n and higher intensity than larger nozzles and lower gas flow rates. At high gas flow rates, the gas flow profile widened compared with the original nozzle diameter. At lower flow rates, the amount of expansion was reduced, which suggests that lowering the flow rate may allow for improvements in sampling spatial resolution.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wilhide
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: LaCourse