title: Modulation of the Association between the PEPD Variant and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes by n-3 Fatty Acids in Chinese Hans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is modulated by the interactions between genetic and dietary factors. This study sought to examine whether the associations of genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified genetic variants with T2D risk were modulated by n-3 fatty acids in Chinese Hans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and twenty-two T2D patients and 293 healthy controls were recruited. Erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids were measured by standard methods. Nine GWAS-identified T2D-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. These SNPs were all identified in GWAS of Asian populations with a high minor allele frequency (>0.2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 9 SNPs, only rs3786897 at PEPD (peptidase D) showed a significant interaction with n-3 fatty acids (p(interaction) after Bonferroni correction = 0.027). The rs3786897 A allele was associated with a higher risk of T2D [GA+AA vs. GG: odds ratio (OR) = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-3.55] when n-3 fatty acids were lower than the population median, but no significant association (GA+AA vs. GG: OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.35-1.12) was observed when n-3 fatty acids were higher than the median.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between the PEPD genetic variant and the risk of T2D was modulated by n-3 fatty acids. Higher n-3 fatty acids may abolish the adverse effect of the risk allele at PEPD for T2D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ju-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kelei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yanqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Danfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jianqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004150:Dipeptidases / Q000235:genetics*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D004150:Dipeptidases; C022449:proline dipeptidase