title: RNA Regulation by Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases.
abstract: Posttranscriptional regulation of RNA facilitates the fine-tuning of gene expression. It occurs through multiple pathways that include the nuclear processing of mRNA and its precursors, mRNA silencing, regulation of mRNA decay, and regulation of translation. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), enzymes that modify target proteins with ADP-ribose, play important roles in many of the RNA regulatory pathways through multiple mechanisms. For example, RNA-binding PARPs can target specific transcripts for regulation; ADP-ribosylation of RNA-regulatory proteins can alter their localization, activity, or RNA binding; and noncovalent interactions of RNA-binding proteins with poly(ADP-ribose) can affect their function. In addition to regulating RNA during non-stress conditions, PARPs regulate RNA function during cellular stress conditions that are critical for the proper execution of a stress response. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding PARP-dependent regulation of RNAs, and describe how by modulating RNA processing, translation, and decay PARPs impact multiple processes in the cell.
authors.affiliation: Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Florian J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.affiliation: Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Tanya T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Todorova
authors.affiliation: Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: pchang2@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D012313:RNA; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases