title: IgA gene expression and quantification of cecal IgA+, IgM+, and CD4+ cells in chickens treated with EFAL41 and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis.
abstract: IgA gene expression and quantification of mucous IgA+, IgM+ and CD4+ lymphocytes in the cecum of chicks was studied by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. A total of 220 1-day-old Salmonella-free chicks of Cobb 500 were divided into four groups (n=55). Group 1 served as control (C), group 2 was pretreated with probiotic bacterial strain Enterococus faecium AL41 (EFAL41), group 3 was infected with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (SE), and group 4 was pretreated with E. faecium AL41 and subsequently challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (EFAL41+SE). The relative mRNA expression of IgA was upregulated in the EFAL41 group (P<0.05) when compared to control group at 4dpi. In comparison to the control, EFAL41 and SE group, the relative mRNA expression of IgA was also upregulated in EFAL41+SE group at 7dpi (P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed, that the density of IgA+ cells was higher in EFAL41+SE group comparing to the controls and SE groups (P<0.001). Significantly more CD4+ cells were present in the SE group than in EFAL41 (P<0.05), and EFAL41+SE groups (P<0.001) at 4dpi. In contrast, higher density of CD4+cells at 7dpi was seen in EFAL41+SE group as compared with controls (P<0.05). Flow cytometry determined that relative percentage of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) IgA+ cells was higher in EFAL41 than in SE and EFAL41+SE groups (P<0.05). Comparing to controls the number IgM+ cells increased in SE group (P<0.05) at 7dpi. The results demonstrated beneficial effect of E. faecium AL41 on the mRNA expression of IgA and number of IgA+ cells. Lamina propria lymphocytes (IgA+, IgM+) were not affected by EFAL41 intake or salmonella infection. Probiotic bacterial strain EFAL41 positively influenced the number of IEL during the first days of infection.
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: Katarina.Bobikova@student.uvlf.sk.
authors.forename: Katarína
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bobíková
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Viera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Revajová
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Viera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karaffová
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levkutová
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic; Neuroimmunological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Mikuláš
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levkut
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002432:Cecum / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
keywords: Cecum; Chicken; Enterococcus faecium; Lymphocytes; Salmonella infection