title: Tissue Ablation Dynamics During Magnetic Resonance-Guided, Laser-Induced Thermal Therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnetic resonance-guided, laser-induced thermal therapy is a real-time magnetic resonance thermometry-guided, minimally invasive procedure used in the treatment of intracranial tumors, epilepsy, and pain. Little is known about its dynamics and the effects of various pathologies on overall ablation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between thermal energy delivery and the time to maximal estimated thermal damage and whether differences exist between various intracranial pathologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used real-time ablation data from 28 patients across 5 unique intracranial pathologies. All ablations were performed using the Visualase Thermal Therapy System (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota), which uses a 980-nm diffusing tip diode laser. The thermal damage area was plotted against time for each ablation. We then estimated the duration of time required to reach 50% (t50) and 97% (t97) of maximal damage. Comparisons were then made between different intracranial pathologies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration required to reach maximal thermal damage estimate (TDE) among all ablations was 159 ± 62 seconds, and the t50 and t97 were 43 ± 21 and 136 ± 57 seconds, respectively, where t97 was reached at an average of 23 seconds before the maximal TDE. The t97 was shorter in the recurrent metastasis/radiation necrosis and epilepsy groups compared with the previously untreated glioblastoma multiforme group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optimal duration can be estimated by the t97, which can be achieved in less than 3 minutes and differs across ablation targets. TDE expansion decelerates with prolonged ablation. Future studies are needed to examine the radiographic and clinical outcomes as well as the effects of ablation power, irrigation speed, and the effect of previous therapies on ablation dynamics.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Neurosurgery, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; ‡Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Xiaonan R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Nitesh V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Shabbar F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Danish
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods