title: Predictors of postnatal complications and congenital cardiac diseases in infants of mothers with pregestational and gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aimed to evaluate the postnatal problems of infants of mothers with pregestational and gestational diabetes and the clinical properties of infants who were found to have congenital cardiac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively examined the records of 337 newborns who were followed up with a diagnosis of infant of diabetic mother between January 2010 and January 2012 in our Neonatology Unit. The demographic data of the diabetic mothers and their babies, the postnatal problems of the babies of diabetic mothers and congenital heart diseases found on transthoracic echocardiography were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were classified as group A, B and C in accordance with the recommendations of The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) according to the type of diabetes. The most common postnatal problems included hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia. The rate of congenital heart disease was found be 17.3% in group A, 50% in group B and 9% in group C. No correlation was found between congenital heart disease and gender, multiple pregnancy, diabetes type, diet treatment, use of oral antidiabetic drugs and drug usage. A positive significant correlation was found between congenital heart disease and genetic disease, murmur, cyanosis and presence of gestational hypertension. It was shown that use of insulin, genetic disease and presence of gestational diabetes increased the risk of congenital heart disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, the overall incidence of congenital heart disease was found to be 24% in infants of diabetic mothers. It should be kept in mind that it is important to investigate the infants of mothers with pregestational and gestational diabetes in terms of the risk of congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Buca Women's and Children's Diseases Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Savaş
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirpençe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Banu İnce
authors.initials: Bİ
authors.lastname: Demirpençe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Pediatric Cardiology, Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Timur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meşe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Neonatology, Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sertaç
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arslanoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Pediatric Cardiology, Şifa University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vedide
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tavlı
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Neonatology, Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Şebnem
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Çalkavur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Clinic of Neonatology, Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Olukman
authors.affiliation: Division of Statistics, İzmir Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Sicence and Literature, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Rıza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Firuzan
keywords: Postnatal complications of diabetes; congential heart disease; infant of mother with pregestational and gestational diabetes; transthoracic echocardiography