title: Does the Anesthetic Urethane Influence the Pharmacokinetics of Antifungal Drugs? A Population Pharmacokinetic Investigation in Rats.
abstract: The aim of this paper was to analyze the impact of anesthesia induced by urethane on pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters of fluconazole (FCZ), mostly eliminated via renal excretion and voriconazole (VRC), eliminated mainly by hepatic metabolism. FCZ and VRC PK were investigated after administration of 10 mg/kg i.v. and 5 mg/kg i.v. doses to awake and urethane anesthetized Wistar rats (n = 6 per group), respectively. After dosing, blood samples were collected up to 18 h (FCZ) or 12 h (VRC) and the plasma data analysis was performed using the software MONOLIX v. 4.2.2. The population PK parameters and microconstants were determined by fitting plasma concentration-time profiles to two-compartment model for FCZ and three-compartment model for VRC. Fitting of FCZ plasma profiles after dosing to awake and anaesthetized animals resulted in a volume of distribution (V) of 9.3 and 8.1 L/kg, and k10 values of 0.12 and 0.14 h(-1) , respectively. VRC plasma profiles in awake and anaesthetized showed V 8.7 of and 7.6 L/kg, and k10 of 0.15 and 0.16 h(-1) , respectively. No statistical differences between plasma PK parameters and microconstants for the same drug in both animal conditions studied were observed (α = 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francine Johansson
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Azeredo
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Elisa
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hass
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Derendorf
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Teresa Dalla
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bibiana Verlindo
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: De Araujo
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D004347:Drug Interactions; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011153:Population; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014520:Urethane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065819:Voriconazole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D014520:Urethane; D015725:Fluconazole; D065819:Voriconazole
keywords: anesthesia; antifungal agents; elimination; fluconazole; metabolism; population pharmacokinetics; renal excretion; urethane; voriconazole