title: Psychosocial Work Environment and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among 21-Year-Old Workers: A Population-Based Investigation (2011-2013).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current labour market is becoming more flexible and informal, with job insecurity selectively affecting young workers. However, the role of these increasing adverse psychosocial working conditions on health outcomes remains little known among newly employed workers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the associations between psychosocial work environment and musculoskeletal outcomes (widespread pain syndrome features and regional pain) in a population-based sample of young workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data from workers aged 21 years were collected during the third wave of the EPITeen cohort study (2011-2013; n=650). The Job Content Questionnaire was used to characterize the psychosocial work environment according to the demand-control-support model. Data on pain and non-pain dimensions of the widespread pain syndrome (Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire) as well as on regional musculoskeletal pain (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire) were also collected. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed using logistic regression and all estimates were adjusted for sex, education and occupational biomechanical demands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Job insecurity was significantly associated to the non-pain dimension of the widespread pain syndrome (adjusted OR [95% CI]=1.51 [1.08, 2.12]). Young workers with strain jobs were significantly more likely to report high levels of non-pain symptoms when compared with those with no-strain jobs and this effect was even stronger when social support was added to the main exposure: workers with strain jobs and low social support had twice the odds of reporting high levels of non-pain features than those with high strain but high social support jobs (adjusted OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.31). These significant associations were not observed when widespread pain or multisite regional pain were the outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the beginning of professional life, high strain jobs were associated to non-pain complaints, especially when the work environment provided also low social support.
authors.affiliation: EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carnide
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Occupational Health, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Benavides
authors.affiliation: EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lucas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult