title: Happily Ever After? Pre-and-Post Disaster Determinants of Happiness Among Survivors of Hurricane Katrina.
abstract: This study investigated pre- to post-disaster changes in happiness of 491 women affected by Hurricane Katrina, and identified factors that were associated with the survivors' happiness after the storm. Participants completed surveys approximately 1 year before and 1 and 4 years after the storm. The surveys collected information on the women's happiness, social support, household characteristics, and hurricane exposure. We found that happiness significantly decreased from pre-disaster to 1 year post-disaster but there were no significant differences in happiness between the pre-disaster and 4 years post-disaster assessments. An exception were 38 women who continued to have lower levels of happiness 4 years post-disaster than at pre-disaster. These women were more likely to be living on their own after the storm and reported consistently lower levels of perceived social support from the community both before and after the storm than the other women of the sample. Factors associated with the survivor's happiness after the storm included exposure to hurricane stressors and losing a loved one to the hurricane. These were predictive of lower happiness 1 year post-disaster. Four years after the hurricane only exposure to hurricane stressors was predictive of lower levels of happiness. In contrast, pre-disaster happiness and post-disaster social support were protective against the negative effect of the hurricane on survivors' happiness.
authors.affiliation: Boston College Graduate School of Social Work, McGuinn Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard School of Public Health, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.affiliation: Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard School of Public Health, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arcaya
authors.affiliation: Boston College Graduate School of Social Work, McGuinn Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; Department of Economics, Boston College, Maloney Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftforschung (DIW Berlin), Mohrenstraße 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christopher F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.affiliation: Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Waters
keywords: Happiness; Hurricane exposure; Post-disaster; Pre-disaster; Social support