title: Laser speckle contrast imaging for assessing microcirculatory changes in multiple splanchnic organs and the gracilis muscle during hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemorrhagic shock induces both macrocirculatory and microcirculatory impairment. Persistent microcirculatory dysfunction is associated with the dysfunction of multiple organs, especially in the splanchnic organs. However, few studies have simultaneously investigated microcirculation in multiple organs. In the present study, we used laser speckle contrast imaging to simultaneously investigate microcirculatory changes secondary to hemorrhagic shock and after fluid resuscitation among multiple splanchnic organs and the gracilis muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  72 male Wistar rats were subjected to sham operation, hemorrhagic shock (total blood loss of 30mL/kg) and saline resuscitation. Macrocirculatory parameters, including the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate, and microcirculatory parameters, including microcirculatory blood flow intensity and tissue oxygen saturation in the liver, kidney, intestine (mucosa, serosal muscular layer, and Peyer's patch), and gracilis muscle were compared in a period of 3h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemorrhagic shock induced a significant reduction of microcirculatory blood flow intensity in the kidney and intestine (especially the mucosa). Tissue oxygen saturation reduction secondary to hemorrhagic shock was comparable among the various splanchnic organs but lower than the gracilis muscle. Fluid resuscitation restored the MAP but not the microcirculatory blood flow in the intestine and the tissue oxygen saturation in each splanchnic organ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrhagic shock induced the largest reduction in microcirculatory blood flow intensity in the intestinal mucosa. By comparison, the reduction of tissue oxygen saturation was not significantly different among the various splanchnic organs. Although fluid resuscitation restored the MAP, the intestinal microcirculation remained damaged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiang-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: wzsun@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wei-Zen
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: chengyj@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ya-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000628:therapy*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Fluid resuscitation; Hemorrhagic shock; Laser speckle contrast imaging; Microcirculation; Multiple splanchnic organs