title: Photopic negative response in diagnosis of glaucoma: an experimental study in glaucomatous rabbit model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the photopic negative response (PhNR) elicited by transient white flash on white background is characterizing for glaucoma model in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glaucoma was induced in twelve rabbits by subconjunctival injection of 0.05 mL of betamethasone in right eyes (each 1 mL contain betamethasone dipropionate 5 mg and betamethasone sodium phosphate 2 mg).The intraocular pressure (IOP), electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) were measured successively prior and on the 3, 7d, two weeks and four weeks postglaucoma induction. After four weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the globes were histopathologically examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IOP increased significantly after one week (P=0.0001), then it gradually returned to the control level. In ERG examination, the means of a and b wave amplitude and latency were not affected significantly. PhNR amplitude decreased significantly within one week (P=0.0001), but its latency was not affected significantly (P=0.132). The means of VEP latency and amplitude were significantly affected after two weeks and four weeks of glaucoma induction (P=0.0001 and 0.02, respectively). The histopathologic examination of the globes showed reduced number of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer with multiple vacuoles in the retinal nerve fibre layer.There was significant positive correlation between ganglion cell layer cells and PhNR amplitude (r=0.8, P=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rise in IOP resulted in irreversible changes or incomplete recovery of VEP and PhNR amplitude. Both PhNR and VEP represented good additional tools in early diagnosis of glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocular Physiology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza,Cairo 12511,Egypt.
authors.forename: Amal A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: ElGohary
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Memorial Institute of Ophthalmology,Giza, Cairo 12511, Egypt.
authors.forename: Laila Hassan M
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Elshazly
keywords: electrophysiology; glaucoma; photopic negative response; rabbits