title: Sleep disturbances are associated with reduced health-related quality of life in patients with substance use disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep problems and substance use are strongly linked. Sleep problems play a role in the etiology of substance use, but also may be a result of it. After detoxification, sleep problems may worsen leading to relapse. Nowadays, most substance dependence treatment programs aim at recovery rather than total abstinence, and in that view health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a relevant construct. This article describes the association between self-perceived sleep problems and HRQL in a naturalistic population of polydrug-using inpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the start of treatment, 388 polydrug-using inpatients completed questionnaires concerning their sleep quality and HRQL. Three categories were established based on reported sleep problems: patients without sleep problems (21.6%), those with clinically relevant sleep problems (34.5%), and patients with sleep disorders (43.8%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean grades for quality of sleep were M = 7.3 (sd 1.7), M = 6.6 (sd 1.7) and M = 5.3 (sd 1.9) for the three categories, respectively. In addition, patients in the disorder category perceived a lower HRQL than those in the other categories. In the explanation of HRQL, both sleep problems and sleep disorders added significantly to the model when controlling for baseline characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings stress the need for clinicians to pay attention to the quality of sleep of recovering polydrug users, since this may play an important role in the recovery process. Monitoring sleep during treatment is advocated. This study adds to the knowledge about the way HRQL and sleep are related in a naturalistic sample of substance-dependent patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Addiction and Korsakov Care, Vincent van Gogh Institute, Oostrum, the Netherlands.|Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ellis H B
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Magnée
authors.affiliation: Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.|Victas, Addiction Treatment Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerdien H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: de Weert-van Oene
authors.affiliation: Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Toon A G M
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wijdeveld
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anton M L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Coenen
authors.affiliation: Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cor A J
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult