title: Nanotoxic profiling of novel iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with perchloric acid and SiPEG as a radiographic contrast medium.
abstract: Emerging syntheses and findings of new metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have become an important aspect in various fields including diagnostic imaging. To date, iodine has been utilized as a radiographic contrast medium. However, the raise concern of iodine threats on iodine-intolerance patient has led to search of new contrast media with lower toxic level. In this animal modeling study, 14 nm iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with silane-polyethylene glycol (SiPEG) and perchloric acid have been assessed for toxicity level as compared to conventional iodine. The nanotoxicity of IONPs was evaluated in liver biochemistry, reactive oxygen species production (ROS), lipid peroxidation mechanism, and ultrastructural evaluation using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The hematological analysis and liver function test (LFT) revealed that most of the liver enzymes were significantly higher in iodine-administered group as compared to those in normal and IONPs groups (P < 0.05). ROS production assay and lipid peroxidation indicator, malondialdehyde (MDA), also showed significant reductions in comparison with iodine group (P < 0.05). TEM evaluation yielded the aberration of nucleus structure of iodine-administered group as compared to those in control and IONPs groups. This study has demonstrated the less toxic properties of IONPs and it may postulate that IONPs are safe to be applied as radiographic contrast medium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhamad Idham
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Khairul Amran
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hairil Rashmizal
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Abdul Razak
authors.affiliation: NanoBiotechnology Research and Innovation, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Khairunisak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abdul Razak
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Mazlina Md
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Saad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000633:toxicity; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010472:Perchlorates; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012821:Silanes
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010472:Perchlorates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012821:Silanes; C490327:poly(ethylene glycol)silane; C000499:ferric oxide; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D007455:Iodine