title: Hydrophilic compounds in liquids of enzymatic hydrolyzed spruce and pine biomass.
abstract: This study was focused on organic acids and metals in biofluids of wood. Without seasoning, fresh woods from spruce and bark, phloem, and heartwood from pine were used as materials, which were degraded with either microbes of oyster mushroom, baker's yeast, or lactic acid bacteria. Due to neutral pH of the fluids, ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, and short reaction time, native wood microbe populations were supposed to be present. The water content of the fresh woods was 4 to 20%. The study showed that process methodology and experimental conditions affected the generation of lactic, citric, succinic, and adipic acids, which are considered as source chemicals in the biopolymer industry. In addition to the organic acids and metals, the process produced monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and phenolic acids such as benzoic, salicylic, cinnamic, vanillic, tannic, and conifer (ferulic) acids. Concentrations of total acids and acetic and succinic acids in pine fluids from bark, phloem, and heartwood were 58.4 g/kg and 3.5 to 6.9 g/kg, respectively. In spruce, the most dominant acids were l-lactic and l-malic acids. As for metals, Ag and Cr were detected at 0.01-g/kg quantities in pine bark. Alkali metals K, Mg, Sr, and Ca were detected at 10, 8, 1.3, and 4 g/kg, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: helimmsiren@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sirén
authors.affiliation: Unit of Technology, Saimaa University of Applied Sciences, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland. Electronic address: paivi.riikonen@saimia.fi.
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riikonen
authors.affiliation: Unit of Technology, Saimaa University of Applied Sciences, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland.
authors.forename: Guangyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Lannion (IUT Lannion), 22302 Lannion Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Anael
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petton
authors.affiliation: LUT Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paarvio
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nuran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Böke
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology; D018533:Biomass; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology; D006868:Hydrolysis; D028222:Picea / Q000737:chemistry*; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: Bioreactor; Capillary electrophoresis; Fermentation; Hydrophilic compounds; Liquid chromatography; Wood