title: Antidotes to non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants: necessary or not?
abstract: In the last few years, a new category of anticoagulants have been developed, the non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs). The NOACs are of two classes: the direct thrombin inhibitor, namely dabigatran etexilate; and the oral factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban, which have been proven to be as effective and safe (and sometimes, superior) compared to warfarin in the treatment of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). One major concern about their use has always been the lack of an effective antidote or reversal strategy. The objective of this editorial is to provide an overview of the characteristics of NOAC antidotes that are in development. Moreover, we review their likely place in the management of NOAC-related bleeding episodes.
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital , Birmingham , UK.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069604:Dabigatran / Q000009:adverse effects; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011728:Pyridones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069552:Rivaroxaban / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D011728:Pyridones; D013844:Thiazoles; C522181:apixaban; D000069552:Rivaroxaban; D000069604:Dabigatran; C552171:edoxaban
keywords: antidotes; bleeding risk; non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants; reversal strategies