title: Microvesicles: What is the Role in Multiple Sclerosis?
abstract: Microvesicles are a recently described way of cell communication that has been implicated in a number of biological processes, including neuroinflammation. Widely investigated as biomarkers in oncology and neurological disorders, little is known of the role of microvesicles in the pathogenesis of diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Several evidences suggest that pro-inflammatory microglia and infiltrating macrophages release microvesicles that spread inflammatory signals and alter neuronal functions. We review here available information on microvesicles, with a special focus on microglia and macrophage microvesicles, in the pathogenesis of MS, and as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carandini
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finardi
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garzetti
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Neuroscience , Milan , Italy ; IRCCS Humanitas , Rozzano , Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verderio
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Furlan
keywords: biomarkers; ectosomes; exosomes; horizontal communication; microglia; microvesicles; multiple sclerosis