title: Three-Dimensional Eyeball and Orbit Volume Modification After LeFort III Midface Distraction.
abstract: The aim of our study was to evaluate orbital volume modification with LeFort III midface distraction in patients with craniosynostosis and its influence on eyeball volume and axial diameter modification. Orbital volume was assessed by the semiautomatic segmentation method based on deformable surface models and on 3-dimensional (3D) interaction with haptics. The eyeball volumes and diameters were automatically calculated after manual segmentation of computed tomographic scans with 3D slicer software. The mean, minimal, and maximal differences as well as the standard deviation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for intraobserver and interobserver measurements reliability were calculated. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare measured values before and after surgery. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Intraobserver and interobserver ICC for haptic-aided semiautomatic orbital volume measurements were 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. The intraobserver and interobserver ICC values for manual segmentation of the eyeball volume were 0.87 and 0.86, respectively. The orbital volume increased significantly after surgery: 30.32% (mean, 5.96  mL) for the left orbit and 31.04% (mean, 6.31  mL) for the right orbit. The mean increase in eyeball volume was 12.3%. The mean increases in the eyeball axial dimensions were 7.3%, 9.3%, and 4.4% for the X-, Y-, and Z-axes, respectively. The Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that preoperative and postoperative eyeball volumes, as well as the diameters along the X- and Y-axes, were statistically significant. Midface distraction in patients with syndromic craniostenosis results in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the orbit and eyeball volumes. The 2 methods (haptic-aided semiautomatic segmentation and manual 3D slicer segmentation) are reproducible techniques for orbit and eyeball volume measurements.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland †Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Research Laboratory (OMFS/CHEX/IREC/SSS/UCL), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium ‡Centre for Image Analysis, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden §Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ||Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland ¶Center of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Voivodeship Children's Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smektala
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nysjö
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thor
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Homik
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sporniak-Tutak
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Safranow
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dowgierd
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olszewski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D015588:Observer Variation; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods