title: Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Injuries Are Induced by Various Irrigation Pressures in Rabbit Models of Mild and Severe Hydronephrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to study whether tolerance to irrigation pressure could be modified by evaluating the oxidative damage of obstructed kidneys based on rabbit models experiencing different degrees of hydronephrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 66 rabbits were randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group. In the experimental groups, the rabbits underwent a surgical procedure inducing mild (group M, n=24) or severe (group S, n=24) hydronephrosis. In each experimental group, the rabbits were then randomly divided into 4 subgroups (M0-M3 and S0-S3) consisting of 6 rabbits each. Group 0 received no perfusion. Groups 1 through 3 were perfused with 20, 60 and 100 mmHg fluid, respectively. For the control group, after a sham operation was performed, the rabbits were divided into 4 subgroups and were perfused with fluid at 0, 20, 60 or 100 mmHg of pressure. Kidney injuries was evaluated by neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL). Oxidative damage was assessed by analyzing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and peroxide (H2O2) levels, mitochondrial injuries was assessed by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the mitochondrial ultrastructure and tubular cell apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the experimental groups, all results were similar for groups 0 and 1. In group 2, abnormalities were observed in the S group only, and the kidneys of rabbits in group 3 suffered oxidative damage and mitochondrial injuries with increased NGAL, decreased Mn-SOD, GR and CAT,increased MDA and H2O2, lower levels of MMP, mitochondrial vacuolization and an increased apoptotic index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In rabbits, severely obstructed kidneys were more susceptible to oxidative damage and mitochondrial injury than mildly obstructed kidneys when subjected to higher degrees of kidney perfusion pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of urology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of urology, Wuhan NO.1 hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zhixiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of urology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of anesthesiology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of urology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of urology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of urology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of urology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Robert Debré Teaching Hospital, University of Reims, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larré
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011817:Rabbits; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054834:Lipocalins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases