title: Cortical development and neuroplasticity in Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder.
abstract: Cortical development is dependent to a large extent on stimulus-driven input. Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) is a recently described form of hearing impairment where neural dys-synchrony is the predominant characteristic. Children with ANSD provide a unique platform to examine the effects of asynchronous and degraded afferent stimulation on cortical auditory neuroplasticity and behavioral processing of sound. In this review, we describe patterns of auditory cortical maturation in children with ANSD. The disruption of cortical maturation that leads to these various patterns includes high levels of intra-individual cortical variability and deficits in cortical phase synchronization of oscillatory neural responses. These neurodevelopmental changes, which are constrained by sensitive periods for central auditory maturation, are correlated with behavioral outcomes for children with ANSD. Overall, we hypothesize that patterns of cortical development in children with ANSD appear to be markers of the severity of the underlying neural dys-synchrony, providing prognostic indicators of success of clinical intervention with amplification and/or electrical stimulation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled <Auditory Synaptology>.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado at Boulder, Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences Department, Institute of Cognitive Science and Center for Neuroscience, 2501 Kittredge Loop Rd, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Electronic address: anu.sharma@colorado.edu.
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado at Boulder, Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences Department, Institute of Cognitive Science and Center for Neuroscience, 2501 Kittredge Loop Rd, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
authors.forename: Garrett
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardon
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D001307:Auditory Perception; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D006309:Hearing; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006313:Hearing Loss, Central / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
keywords: Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD); Cochlear implants; Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP); Cortical phase synchrony; Current density reconstruction; Hearing aids; High-density EEG; Inter-trial coherence (ITC); P1 biomarker; Source analysis