title: Sarcoidosis Presenting with Cicatrizing Conjunctivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report two patients with sarcoidosis initially presenting with cicatrizing conjunctivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both patients with chronic conjunctivitis were referred for further management. The first patient had conjunctival granulomas, subepithelial fibrosis, and forniceal foreshortening. The second patient had extensive upper and lower conjunctival scarring with forniceal foreshortening and symblepharon formation of both eyes. Conjunctival biopsy specimens revealed noncaseating granulomas. Immunofluorescein studies were negative for immunoreactant deposition in the basement membrane. Because of further diagnostic evaluations, sarcoidosis was determined to be the final cause of the cicatrizing conjunctivitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sarcoidosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of cicatrizing conjunctivitis. Recognition of the characteristic noncaseating granulomas in the conjunctival biopsy and initiation of the appropriate evaluations are essential in establishing the diagnosis and determining the extent of systemic involvement.
authors.affiliation: *OD, FAAO †MD Premier Eye Care Group, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (JJO'D); and The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (SK, PD, EKA).
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Sezen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakus
authors.forename: Pavle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doroslovacki
authors.forename: Esen K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Akpek
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D008727:Methotrexate