title: High Surface Area Tunnels in Hexagonal WO₃.
abstract: High surface area in h-WO3 has been verified from the intracrystalline tunnels. This bottom-up approach differs from conventional templating-type methods. The 3.67 Å diameter tunnels are characterized by low-pressure CO2 adsorption isotherms with nonlocal density functional theory fitting, transmission electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. These open and rigid tunnels absorb H(+) and Li(+), but not Na(+) in aqueous electrolytes without inducing a phase transformation, accessing both internal and external active sites. Moreover, these tunnel structures demonstrate high specific pseudocapacitance and good stability in an H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. Thus, the high surface area created from 3.67 Å diameter tunnels in h-WO3 shows potential applications in electrochemical energy storage, selective ion transfer, and selective gas adsorption.
authors.affiliation: †Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.|‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Wanmei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lech
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Cheng-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Chain
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: †Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tianqi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Xiangfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: †Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.|§Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kaner
keywords: Tungsten trioxide; high surface area; intracrystalline tunnels