title: Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology in Middle East and North Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders and a leading cause of nontraumatic disability in young adults in many countries. Recent reports from the Middle East and North Africa have suggested a moderate to high risk of MS in these countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed in August 2014 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and IMEMR to retrieve original population-based studies on MS epidemiology in the Middle East and North African countries published between 1st January 1985 and 1st August 2014. We designed search strategies using the key words: MS, prevalence, incidence, and epidemiology. According to the inclusion criteria, 52 studies were included in this systematic review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  McDonald's criteria were the most widely used diagnostic criteria in the studies. Most studies were conducted in single hospital-based centers with a defined catchment area. The female/male ratio ranged from 0.8 in Oman to 4.3 in Saudi Arabia. MS prevalence ranged from 14.77/100,000 population in Kuwait (2000) to 101.4/100,000 in Turkey (2006). The overall MS prevalence in the region was 51.52/100,000. The mean age at disease onset ranged from 25.2 years in Kuwait to 32.5 years in Northeastern Iran, with an overall estimate of 28.54 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent advances in MS registries will allow nation-wide studies and temporal comparisons between countries, provided that age- and sex-standardized estimates are available.
authors.affiliation: MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Pouria
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heydarpour
authors.forename: Shayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoshkish
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abtahi
authors.forename: Maziar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moradi-Lakeh
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sahraian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000352:Africa, Northern / Q000453:epidemiology; D017668:Age of Onset; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult