title: SNSMIL, a real-time single molecule identification and localization algorithm for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.
abstract: Single molecule localization based super-resolution fluorescence microscopy offers significantly higher spatial resolution than predicted by Abbe's resolution limit for far field optical microscopy. Such super-resolution images are reconstructed from wide-field or total internal reflection single molecule fluorescence recordings. Discrimination between emission of single fluorescent molecules and background noise fluctuations remains a great challenge in current data analysis. Here we present a real-time, and robust single molecule identification and localization algorithm, SNSMIL (Shot Noise based Single Molecule Identification and Localization). This algorithm is based on the intrinsic nature of noise, i.e., its Poisson or shot noise characteristics and a new identification criterion, QSNSMIL, is defined. SNSMIL improves the identification accuracy of single fluorescent molecules in experimental or simulated datasets with high and inhomogeneous background. The implementation of SNSMIL relies on a graphics processing unit (GPU), making real-time analysis feasible as shown for real experimental and simulated datasets.
authors.affiliation: 1] National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China No.11, Beiyitiao Zhongguancun 100190 Beijing, P.R. China [2] Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China [3] State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yunqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China No.11, Beiyitiao Zhongguancun 100190 Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Luru
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China No.11, Beiyitiao Zhongguancun 100190 Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China No.11, Beiyitiao Zhongguancun 100190 Beijing, P.R. China [2] Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Junbai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-4, Cellular Biophysics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.affiliation: Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-4, Cellular Biophysics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-4, Cellular Biophysics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gruteser
authors.affiliation: Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-4, Cellular Biophysics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meisenberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-4, Cellular Biophysics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-5, Molecular Biophysics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katranidis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-4, Cellular Biophysics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gensch