title: Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokine Involvement in Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy.
abstract: To determine serum cytokine profiles in Graves' disease (GD) patients with or without active and inactive thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), we recruited 65 subjects: 10 GD only (without TAO), 25 GD + active TAO, 20 GD + TAO, and 10 healthy controls. Liquid chip assay was used to measure serum Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines including IFN-γ (interferon-gamma), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-1α (interleukin-1 alpha), IL-1Ra (IL-1 receptor antagonist), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17 and two chemokines: RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and IP-10 (IFN-γ-induced protein 10). Serum levels of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Compared with healthy controls, TAO patients showed significantly elevated serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IP-10. Comparing active and inactive TAO, serum Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α were elevated in active TAO, while serum Th2 cytokine IL-4 was elevated in inactive TAO. Serum Th17 cytokine IL-17 was elevated in GD but reduced in both active and inactive TAO. A positive correlation was found between TRAb and IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6. Taken together, serum Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and chemokines reflect TAO disease activity and may be implicated in TAO pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Zhangfang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Wenting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou City People's Hospital, Huadu District, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Military General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Defu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Yajuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018828:Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018828:Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating