title: Minimally invasive thoracoscopic technique for cardiac resynchronization therapy.
abstract: Outcome of surgical left ventricular (LV) lead placement is not well defined in patients with failed percutaneous cardiac resynchronization therapy. An extended experience with epicardial LV lead placement is here reported, describing the minimally invasive procedure performed at our institution using a thoracoscopic surgical approach.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Unit, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy adroghetti@libero.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Droghetti
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Unit, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Caterina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bottoli
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Unit, Perugia University Medical School, Terni, Italy.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ragusa
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pepi
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Unit, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giovanardi
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy.
authors.forename: Albino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reggiani
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pozzetti
authors.affiliation: Boston Scientific, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malacrida
authors.affiliation: Boston Scientific, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Unit, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muriana
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010496:Pericardium; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cardiac resynchronization therapy; Congestive heart failure; Epicardial lead; Resynchronization; Thoracoscopy