title: Ethyl methane sulfonate induced mutations in M2 generation and physiological variations in M1 generation of peppers (Capsicum annuum L.).
abstract: This study was conducted to enhance genetic variability in peppers (Capsicum annuum, cv B12) using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). Exposure to an EMS concentration of 0.6%, v/v for 12 h was used to mutagenize 2000 seeds for the first generation (M1). It was observed that the growth behaviors including plant height, flowering date, and number of seeds per first fruit were different in the M1 generation than in wild type (WT) plants. In addition one phenotypic mutation (leaf shape and plant architecture) was observed during the M1 generation. During the seedling stage in the M2 generation, the observed changes were in the form of slow growth or chlorophyll defect (e.g., albino, pale green, and yellow seedlings). At maturity, there were three kinds of phenotypic mutations observed in three different families of the mutant population. The first observed change was a plant with yellow leaf color, and the leaves of this mutant plant contained 62.19% less chlorophyll a and 64.06% less chlorophyll b as compared to the wild-type. The second mutation resulted in one dwarf plant with a very short stature (6 cm), compact internodes and the leaves and stem were rough and thick. The third type of mutation occurred in four plants and resulted in the leaves of these plants being very thick and longer than those of WT plants. Furthermore, anatomical observations of the leaf blade section of this mutant plant type contained more xylem and collenchyma tissue in the leaf midrib of the mutant plant than WT. In addition, its leaf blade contained thicker palisade and spongy tissue than the WT.
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling China ; State Key Laboratories for Stress Biology of Arid Region Crop, Northwest A&F University, Yangling China ; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Arisha
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling China ; State Key Laboratories for Stress Biology of Arid Region Crop, Northwest A&F University, Yangling China ; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed N M
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling China ; State Key Laboratories for Stress Biology of Arid Region Crop, Northwest A&F University, Yangling China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling China.
authors.forename: Huai-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Capsicum annuum; EMS; M1 generation; M2 generation; mutations; pepper