title: Reduced graphene oxide-coated hydroxyapatite composites stimulate spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have great potential as cell sources for bone tissue engineering and regeneration, but the control and induction of their specific differentiation into bone cells remain challenging. Graphene-based nanomaterials are considered attractive candidates for biomedical applications such as scaffolds in tissue engineering, substrates for SC differentiation and components of implantable devices, due to their biocompatible and bioactive properties. Despite the potential biomedical applications of graphene and its derivatives, only limited information is available regarding their osteogenic activity. This study concentrates upon the effects of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated hydroxyapatite (HAp) composites on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The average particle sizes of HAp and rGO were 1270 ± 476 nm and 438 ± 180 nm, respectively. When coated on HAp particulates, rGO synergistically enhanced spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, without hampering their proliferation. This result was confirmed by determining alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of calcium and phosphate as early and late stage markers of osteogenic differentiation. It is suggested that rGO-coated HAp composites can be effectively utilized as dental and orthopedic bone fillers since these graphene-based particulate materials have potent effects on stimulating the spontaneous differentiation of MSCs and show superior bioactivity and osteoinductive potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea. swhong@pusan.ac.kr nanohan@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Oh Seong
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Seok Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yu-Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jong-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Suck Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003102:Colloids; D010087:Oxides; D010710:Phosphates; C004468:Alizarin Red S; D006108:Graphite; D017886:Durapatite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium