title: Plasma Glycoproteomics Reveals Sepsis Outcomes Linked to Distinct Proteins in Common Pathways.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sepsis remains a predominant cause of mortality in the ICU, yet strategies to increase survival have proved largely unsuccessful. This study aimed to identify proteins linked to sepsis outcomes using a glycoproteomic approach to target extracellular proteins that trigger downstream pathways and direct patient outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma was obtained from the Lactate Assessment in the Treatment of Early Sepsis cohort. N-linked plasma glycopeptides were quantified by solid-phase extraction coupled with mass spectrometry. Glycopeptides were assigned to proteins using RefSeq (National Center of Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD) and visualized in a heat map. Protein differences were validated by immunoblotting, and proteins were mapped for biological processes using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD) and for functional pathways using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (Kanehisa Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan) databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalized care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients admitted to the emergency department were enrolled in the study when the diagnosis of sepsis was made, within 6 hours of presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 501 glycopeptides corresponding to 234 proteins were identified. Of these, 66 glycopeptides were unique to the survivor group and corresponded to 54 proteins, 60 were unique to the nonsurvivor group and corresponded to 43 proteins, and 375 were common responses between groups and corresponded to 137 proteins. Immunoblotting showed that nonsurvivors had increased total kininogen; decreased total cathepsin-L1, vascular cell adhesion molecule, periostin, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; and a two-fold decrease in glycosylated clusterin (all p < 0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis identified six enriched pathways. Interestingly, survivors relied on the extrinsic pathway of the complement and coagulation cascade, whereas nonsurvivors relied on the intrinsic pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identifies proteins linked to patient outcomes and provides insight into unexplored mechanisms that can be investigated for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX.|Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.|Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DeCoux
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX.|Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.|Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX.|Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.|Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
authors.forename: Kristine Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: DeLeon-Pennell
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX.|Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.
authors.forename: Nguyen T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX.|Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.|Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
authors.forename: Lisandra E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: de Castro Brás
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX.|Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.|Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX.|Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.|Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
authors.forename: Presley L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.affiliation: Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Griswold
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX.|Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.
authors.forename: Yu-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.|Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Puskarich
authors.affiliation: Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.|Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
authors.forename: Alan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX.|Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.|Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.|Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
authors.forename: Merry L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lindsey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D040901:Proteomics; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins