title: Kaempferol inhibits thrombosis and platelet activation.
abstract: The objectives of the present study were to investigate whether kaempferol affects pro-coagulant proteinase activity, fibrin clot formation, blood clot and thrombin (or collagen/epinephrine)-stimulated platelet activation, thrombosis, and coagulation in ICR (Imprinting Control Region) mice and SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats. Kaempferol significantly inhibited the enzymatic activities of thrombin and FXa by 68 ± 1.6% and 52 ± 2.4%, respectively. Kaempferol also inhibited fibrin polymer formation in turbidity. Microscopic analysis was performed using a fluorescent conjugate. Kaempferol completely attenuated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/PKB (AKT) in thrombin-stimulated platelets and delayed aggregation time (clotting) by 34.6% in an assay of collagen/epinephrine-stimulated platelet activation. Moreover, kaempferol protected against thrombosis development in 3 animal models, including collagen/epinephrine- and thrombin-induced acute thromboembolism models and an FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombus model. The ex vivo anticoagulant effect of kaempferol was further confirmed in ICR mice. This study demonstrated that kaempferol may be clinically useful due to its ability to reduce or prevent thrombotic challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Alternative Medicine, Gwangju University, Gwangju, 503-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Alternative Medicine, Gwangju University, Gwangju, 503-703, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ksceyybjk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000009:adverse effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000009:adverse effects; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000378:metabolism; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005337:Fibrin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D055503:Protein Multimerization / Q000187:drug effects; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D044949:Kaempferols; C006552:kaempferol; D005337:Fibrin; D003094:Collagen; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D013917:Thrombin; D015951:Factor Xa; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Flavonoid; Kaempferol; Platelet activation; Thromboembolism; Thrombosis