title: Comparison of the virucidal efficacy of peracetic acid, potassium monopersulphate and sodium hypochlorite on bacteriophages P001 and MS2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The phagicidal activity of peroxy products against the virulent bacteriophage P001 infecting lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophage MS2 used as a surrogate of enteric viruses (EVs) was evaluated and compared to sodium hypochlorite using the EN 13610 European suspension test and a surface test developed in our laboratories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infectivity tests were adapted and/or developed to determine the activity of disinfectants against reference P001 phage of Lactoccocus lactis and F-specific RNA phage MS2 of Escherichia coli in conditions simulating practical use. Similar concentrations of sodium hypochlorite were phagicidal against both bacteriophages, either at 0·05-0·125% of active chlorine using the suspension test or at 0·12-0·5% using the surface test. For Potassium monopersulphate (MPS), phagicidal concentrations varied from 0·006 to 0·012% whatever the type of test and phages. However, for peracetic acid products (PAP) used in suspension, concentrations 55 times higher were necessary against MS2 (0·271%) than against P001 (0·005%). With the surface test, 0·089-0·178% concentrations of PAP were effective against MS2, but these concentrations were 16-32 times greater than needed against P001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium hypochlorite and MPS had similar phagicidal activities against P001 and MS2, but PAP did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first comparative study to investigate through suspension and surface tests the difference in resistance to peroxy compounds between a reference bacteriophage (P001) used to evaluate phagicidal concentrations in European standards and a surrogate of EVs (MS2). Results underline the importance of validation tests on pertinent surrogates of viruses or bacteriophages to adjust the concentration of disinfectants for use in the food and water industries.
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Viral Fish Pathology Unit, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.|ACTALIA, Sécurité des Aliments, Villers Bocage, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soumet
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fresnel
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamaudière
authors.affiliation: ACTALIA, Sécurité des Aliments, Villers Bocage, France.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Le Sauvage
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deleurme
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maris
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017909:Levivirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; C009007:potassium persulfate; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D010463:Peracetic Acid
keywords: bacteriophages; disinfection; infectivity tests; peroxy products; phagicidal activity