title: Novel Highly Energetic Pyrazoles: N-Trinitromethyl-Substituted Nitropyrazoles.
abstract: A new family of energetic compounds, nitropyrazoles bearing a trinitromethyl moiety at the nitrogen atom of the heterocycle, was designed. The desirable high-energy dense oxidizers 3,4-dinitro- and 3,5-dinitro-1-(trinitromethyl)pyrazoles were synthesized in good yields by destructive nitration of the corresponding 1-acetonylpyrazoles. All of the prepared compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as by elemental analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies show remarkably high density. Impact sensitivity tests and thermal stability measurements were also performed. All of the pyrazoles possess positive calculated heats of formation and exhibit promising energetic performance that is the range of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine and pentaerythritol tetranitrate. The new pyrazoles exhibit positive oxygen balance and are promising candidates for new environmentally benign energetic materials.
authors.affiliation: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky pr., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Igor L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Dalinger
authors.affiliation: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky pr., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Irina A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Vatsadze
authors.affiliation: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky pr., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Tatyana K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Shkineva
authors.affiliation: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky pr., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexandr V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kormanov
authors.affiliation: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky pr., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Marina I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Struchkova
authors.affiliation: A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, 28 Vavilov str., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Kyrill Yu
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Suponitsky
authors.affiliation: N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 4 Kosygin St., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Anatoly A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bragin
authors.affiliation: N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 4 Kosygin St., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Konstantin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Monogarov
authors.affiliation: Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Valery P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Sinditskii
authors.affiliation: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky pr., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation. sab@ioc.ac.ru.
authors.forename: Aleksei B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sheremetev
keywords: X-ray diffraction; energetic materials; nitration; nitrogen heterocycles; trinitromethyl moiety