title: Estrogenic endocrine disruptors: Molecular mechanisms of action.
abstract: A comprehensive summary of more than 450 estrogenic chemicals including estrogenic endocrine disruptors is provided here to understand the complex and profound impact of estrogen action. First, estrogenic chemicals are categorized by structure as well as their applications, usage and effects. Second, estrogenic signaling is examined by the molecular mechanism based on the receptors, signaling pathways, crosstalk/bypassing and autocrine/paracrine/homeostatic networks involved in the signaling. Third, evaluation of estrogen action is discussed by focusing on the technologies and protocols of the assays for assessing estrogenicity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of estrogen action is important to assess the action of endocrine disruptors and will be used for risk management based on pathway-based toxicity testing.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. Electronic address: kiyama.r@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Ryoiti
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada-Kiyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004967:Estrogens
keywords: Endocrine disruptor; Estrogen action; Molecular mechanism; Signal transduction; Techonology; Toxicity pathway