title: Time to Follow Commands and Duration of Posttraumatic Amnesia Predict GOS-E Peds Scores 1 to 2 Years After TBI in Children Requiring Inpatient Rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the utility of time to follow commands (TFC) in predicting functional outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), as assessed by an outcome measure sensitive to the range of outcomes observed after pediatric TBI, the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, Pediatric Revision (GOS-E Peds).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric inpatient rehabilitation hospital and associated multidisciplinary brain injury follow-up clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven children with moderate-to-severe TBI (mean age at injury = 10.9 years; range, 3-18 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes were scored retrospectively on the basis of documentation from an outpatient follow-up evaluation 1 to 2 years postinjury (days from injury to follow-up: mean = 518, SD = 137). Correlations between measures of severity and functional outcome were examined. Hierarchical logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to examine predictors of outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Earliest documented Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), TFC, posttraumatic amnesia (PTA), total duration of impaired consciousness (TFC + PTA), and GOS-E Peds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the logistic regression, TFC and TFC + PTA were significant predictors of outcome above and beyond GCS. For the linear analysis, PTA was also a significant predictor of functional outcome above and beyond GCS and TFC. The overall models were very comparable, with R values ranging from 0.31 to 0.36 for prediction of GOS-E Peds scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Above and beyond the influence of GCS, TFC, PTA, and TFC + PTA are important predictors of later outcome after TBI.
authors.affiliation: Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland (Drs Davis, Slomine, Salorio, and Suskauer); and Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs Slomine and Salorio), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Drs Slomine, Salorio, and Suskauer), and Pediatrics (Dr Suskauer), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr Davis is now with the HealthBridge Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Kimberly C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Beth S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Slomine
authors.forename: Cynthia F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Salorio
authors.forename: Stacy J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Suskauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000647:Amnesia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors