title: Evaluating long-term attachment of a novel endoclip in porcine stomachs: a prospective study of initial deployment success and clip retention rates at different regions of the stomachs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Through-the-scope endoscopic clips are widely used. Several designs of endoscopic clips are marked for different applications. However, no prior reports have been published to aid in comparing success rates of clip deployment and the retention rates at different regions of the stomachs. The aims of the article were to compare success rates of clip deployment and the retention rates at different regions of the stomachs with a novel endoclip.
  
  
  METHODS
  Upper endoscope was inserted into the stomach of five pigs under general anesthesia. In all animals, three regions of the stomachs (gastric fundus, gastric body, and gastric antrum) were chosen as the sites of clip application. Two clips of a novel type were placed along the same gastric site at a distance of 0.5-1 cm from each other. Animals had weekly endoscopies to quantitate clip retention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Success rates of clip deployment were 70% for gastric fundus, 100% for gastric body, and 100% for gastric antrum. Clip retention rates were significantly higher with gastric body than with gastric fundus or gastric antrum at 1-8 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) For the clip device, it seems that it is difficult for the clip deployment in gastric fundus (70%) than that in the gastric body or gastric antrum (100%), but there is no statistical significance (χ (2) test, p = 0.21). (2) Clips used in the gastric body were retained significantly longer than that in the gastric fundus or gastric antrum. (3) The novel clips were safe, and no complications such as bleeding or weight loss were noted.
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China. dryanbo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Hua
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China. dizhenhai@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhen-Hai
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Di
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000473:pathology*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000473:pathology*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013552:Swine
keywords: Endoclip; Retention rates; Stomach