title: The cross-cultural validity of the Resilience Scale for Adults: a comparison between Norway and Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The resilience construct is of increasing interest in clinical and health psychology. The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) is a measure of protective factors. The evidence supporting its construct validity is good, however evidence of cross-cultural validity is modest. The present study explored the factorial invariance of the RSA across a Brazilian and a Norwegian sample, as well as the construct validity in the Brazilian sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Brazilian sample (N = 222) completed the Hopkins Symptom Check List-25 (HSCL-25), the Sense of Coherence (SOC), and the RSA. The Norwegian sample (N = 314) was included in order to examine the factorial invariance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that the latent constructs of the RSA (its primary factors) are the same in the Brazilian sample as in the Norwegian sample. The correlations between the subscales of the RSA were significant. In the Brazilian sample, the correlations with HSCL-25 and SOC were negative and positive, respectively, thus supporting its construct validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the original factor structure of the RSA based on Norwegian samples remains stable in a Brazilian sample.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Odin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hjemdal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roazzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria da Graça B B
authors.initials: Mda G
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Oddgeir
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Friborg
keywords: Cross-cultural validation; HSCL-25; Resilience; Resilience scale for Adults; Sense of Coherence