title: Electrocardiographic patch devices and contemporary wireless cardiac monitoring.
abstract: Cardiac electrophysiologic derangements often coexist with disorders of the circulatory system. Capturing and diagnosing arrhythmias and conduction system disease may lead to a change in diagnosis, clinical management and patient outcomes. Standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitors and event recorders have served as useful diagnostic tools over the last few decades. However, their shortcomings are only recently being addressed by emerging technologies. With advances in device miniaturization and wireless technologies, and changing consumer expectations, wearable "on-body" ECG patch devices have evolved to meet contemporary needs. These devices are unobtrusive and easy to use, leading to increased device wear time and diagnostic yield. While becoming the standard for detecting arrhythmias and conduction system disorders in the outpatient setting where continuous ECG monitoring in the short to medium term (days to weeks) is indicated, these cardiac devices and related digital mobile health technologies are reshaping the clinician-patient interface with important implications for future healthcare delivery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California and Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London London, UK ; Digital Health Kitchen, Institute for Digital Health London, UK.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London London, UK ; Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Järvelin
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California and Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Rahul N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California and Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jerold S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shinbane
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California and Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California and Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Luanda P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Grazette
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California and Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA ; Section of Cardiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Rajbir S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sangha
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center Oulu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Huikuri
authors.affiliation: Digital Health Kitchen, Institute for Digital Health London, UK ; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, St Mary's and Hammersmith Hospitals London, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Peters
keywords: ambulatory patients; arrhythmias; cardiac; conduction system disorders; electrocardiography; healthcare delivery; medical devices