title: Macaque models of enhanced susceptibility to HIV.
abstract: There are few nonhuman primate models of enhanced HIV susceptibility. Such models can improve comprehension of HIV acquisition risk factors and provide rigorous testing platforms for preclinical prevention strategies. This paper reviews past, current, and proposed research on macaque HIV acquisition risk models and identifies areas where modeling is significantly lacking. We compare different experimental approaches and provide practical considerations for designing macaque susceptibility studies. Modifiable (mucosal and systemic coinfections, hormonal contraception, and rectal lubricants) and non-modifiable (hormonal fluctuations) risk factors are highlighted. Risk acquisition models via vaginal, rectal, and penile challenge routes are discussed. There is no consensus on the best statistical model for evaluating increased susceptibility, and additional research is required. The use of enhanced susceptibility macaque models would benefit multiple facets of the HIV research field, including basic acquisition and pathogenesis studies as well as the vaccine and other biomedical preventions pipeline.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS A-25, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. idz4@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Tara R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS A-25, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. jkm7@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McNicholl
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS A-25, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. ile0@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Sundaram A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vishwanathan
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS A-25, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA. ekersh@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Ellen N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Kersh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D008251:Macaca; D015233:Models, Statistical