title: Genome-wide identification and characterization of five MyD88 duplication genes in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and expression changes in response to bacterial challenge.
abstract: Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a pivotal adaptor in the TLR/IL-1R signaling pathway, which plays an important role in activating the innate immune system. Although MyD88 genes have been identified in a variety of species, they have not been systematically characterized in scallops. In this study, five MyD88 genes were identified in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), PyMyD88-1, PyMyD88-2a, PyMyD88-2b, PyMyD88-3 and PyMyD88-4, which consisted of two pairs of tandem duplications located on the same chromosome. To our knowledge, this is the largest number of MyD88 genes found in an invertebrate. Phylogenetic and protein structural analyses were carried out to determine the identities and evolutionary relationships of these genes. PyMyD88s have highly conserved structures compared to MyD88 genes from other invertebrate species, except for PyMyD88-4, which contains only a DD domain, suggesting the evolutionarily conserved form of this particular gene member. We investigated the expression profiles of PyMyD88 genes at different developmental stages and in healthy adult tissues and hemocytes after Micrococcus luteus and Vibrio anguillarum infection using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of most PyMyD88s was significantly induced in the acute phase (3-6 h) after infection with both gram-positive (M. luteus) and gram-negative (V. anguillarum) bacteria, with much more dramatic changes in PyMyD88 expression being observed after V. anguillarum challenge. Collectively, the abundance of MyD88s and their specific expression patterns provide insight into their versatile roles in the response of the bivalve innate immune system to gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Xianhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address: rjwang@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ruijia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Shuyue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Mengran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address: hxl707@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Zhenmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D049897:Pectinidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014733:Vibrio / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
keywords: Gram-positive and gram-negative infection; Innate immune response; MyD88; Patinopecten yessoensis; Tandem duplication