title: Evaluating the bone regeneration in calvarial defect using osteoblasts differentiated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on three different scaffolds: an animal study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different scaffolds on the viability and differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) to osteoblast for bone regeneration of calvarial defect in rabbit model. Adipose was harvested from the nape of 12 rabbits by direct surgery or hollow-tip cannula. Two standardized circular calvarial defects (case and control), 8 mm in diameter each, were created in all the animals. The animals were divided into 3 different groups. In group 1 (G1), the defect was filled with polyamide + ADMSC. In group 2, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid + ADMSC was used. In group 3, decellularized amniotic membrane + ADMSC was applied. In the control defect, the non-seeded scaffolds were applied for filling the defect. Decellularized pericardial scaffolds were used as a membrane on the scaffolds. The animals were euthanized 2, 4, and 8 weeks of operation and new bone formation was assessed by different analyses. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with osteopontin and osteocalcin antibodies was also performed. After 2 weeks of wound healing, minimal bone regeneration was detected in all groups. Almost complete defect closure was observed in all experimental groups after 8 weeks of operation, with the greatest defect closure in the animals treated with polyamide scaffolds as compared to biopsies obtained from control defects and other experimental groups. The maximal tensile load was higher in G1, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, suggesting the usefulness of polyamide + ADMSC for bone regeneration in calvarial defects. Results of the IHC staining demonstrated a significant difference between seeded and non-seeded scaffold in both short- and long-term follow-ups (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant difference was observed in enhancement of IHC staining of both markers in polyamide group (seeded or non-seeded) 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively in comparison with other scaffolds. It was concluded that bone regeneration in critical calvarial defect was more successful in seeded polyamide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Semyari
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajipour
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Qarib's Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, 1419433151, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabetkish
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Qarib's Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, 1419433151, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Nastaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sabetkish
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh Mashhadi
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Qarib's Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, 1419433151, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. kajbafzd@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Abdol-Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kajbafzadeh
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000650:Amnion / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009757:Nylons / Q000494:pharmacology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011817:Rabbits; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D009757:Nylons; D053495:Osteopontin; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C007293:DAPI; D004247:DNA
keywords: Adipose; Bone regeneration; Calvaria; Mesenchymal stem cells; Scaffold