title: Postpartum alterations in circulating endothelial progenitor cells in women with a history of pre-eclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize persistent postpartum maternal endothelial dysfunction following pre-eclampsia (PE) through the assessment of endothelial progenitor cells as markers of endothelial reparative capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal circulating endothelial progenitor cells were measured at 2months and 6months postpartum in women who had recently experienced PE pregnancies (n=17). Normotensive controls (n=13) with uncomplicated pregnancies served for comparison at the same time points. Progenitor cells were measured by flow cytometry and by colony forming units. Maternal cardiovascular risk was measured at 6months postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of maternal circulating endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular risk in the early postpartum period of uncomplicated and PE pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD34+VEGFR-2+ and CD133+VEGFR-2+ cells were elevated in PE subjects at 2months postpartum compared to healthy control subjects, although reduced by 6months postpartum. PE was associated with reduced colony forming units at 2 and 6months postpartum. Cardiovascular risk scores were increased in PE compared to normotensive controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated that there is a physiological alteration in the number and function of circulating progenitor cells following PE pregnancies. Furthermore, this population of women exhibited elevated cardiovascular risk profiles compared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies. Pregnancy and the development of PE identify an early window for cardiovascular risk screening in women. Cellular markers of vascular health offer an approach to the investigation of postpartum endothelial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.
authors.forename: Malia S Q
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Casselman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 2V7. Electronic address: gns@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Graeme N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Smith
keywords: Cardiovascular disease risk factors; Endothelial progenitor cells; Pregnancy