title: The recursive combination filter approach of pre-processing for the estimation of standard deviation of RR series.
abstract: Variation in the interval between the R-R peaks of the electrocardiogram represents the modulation of the cardiac oscillations by the autonomic nervous system. This variation is contaminated by anomalous signals called ectopic beats, artefacts or noise which mask the true behaviour of heart rate variability. In this paper, we have proposed a combination filter of recursive impulse rejection filter and recursive 20% filter, with recursive application and preference of replacement over removal of abnormal beats to improve the pre-processing of the inter-beat intervals. We have tested this novel recursive combinational method with median method replacement to estimate the standard deviation of normal to normal (SDNN) beat intervals of congestive heart failure (CHF) and normal sinus rhythm subjects. This work discusses the improvement in pre-processing over single use of impulse rejection filter and removal of abnormal beats for heart rate variability for the estimation of SDNN and Poncaré plot descriptors (SD1, SD2, and SD1/SD2) in detail. We have found the 22 ms value of SDNN and 36 ms value of SD2 descriptor of Poincaré plot as clinical indicators in discriminating the normal cases from CHF cases. The pre-processing is also useful in calculation of Lyapunov exponent which is a nonlinear index as Lyapunov exponents calculated after proposed pre-processing modified in a way that it start following the notion of less complex behaviour of diseased states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India. alokmishra8@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Bioinformatics, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India. swati.phys.res@bhu.ac.in.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Heart rate variability; Lyapunov exponent; Poincaré plot; Pre-processing; Recursive 20 % filter; Recursive impulse rejection filter; Standard deviation of normal to normal beat intervals