title: Steroid-induced ischemic bone necrosis of femoral head: Treatment strategies.
abstract: Fat hypertrophy, intravascular coagulation, and fat emboli are important risk factors of steroid-induced ischemic bone necrosis (SI-IBN) which may develop during the initial one year after commencing the use of steroids. This pathology is best studied by MRI, particularly for its staging. The cautious strategies such as low dose, oral route, short duration of steroid usage, use of steroid sparing agent, and alcohol avoidance should be followed as a traditional therapy. The objective of this review article was to recognize and evaluate various Treatment strategies for steroid-induced ischemic bone necrosis of femoral head.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various electronic databases including PubMed, Google and Cochrane library were comprehensively searched for articles on steroid-induced ischemic bone necrosis of femoral head and its treatment strategies. Ninety four articles were reviewed, examined and importantly appraised and the most appropriate 32 papers were used to write this review article.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bisphosphonates, alendronate, and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments have been reported to be effective against IBN. To recommend the regular use of bisphosphonate in IBN patients, more evidences with a larger number of patients are required to verify its therapeutic effectiveness. Core decompression, osteotomy, bone graft and tantalum rod are the surgical approaches for the management of IBN. Advance form of IBN (bone tissue collapse) is advised to be treated with arthroplasty which should be durable, particularly in young patients.
authors.affiliation: Bin Wu, FCPS. Second People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Zhong Dong, MD. Second People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Shuyuan Li, PhD. Second People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Shuyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hongmei Song, FCPS. Second People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
keywords: Arthoplasty; Bone collapse; Ischemic bone necrosis; Steroid; Vasculature