title: Nurse practitioners' work hours and overtime: How much, and under what working conditions?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the nature and prevalence of nurse practitioner (NP) overtime, work hours, and their relationship to practice within NP work conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary analysis of data extracted from the 2012 National Sample Survey of Nurse Practitioners. The focus in this study was on data from NPs in active practice in clinical settings. The final analytic sample consisted of 9010 NPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NPs working in hospitals and long-term care settings tended to work more than 40 h/week (p < .001). When healthcare facilities used electronic health records (p < .001) or had recently adopted electronic health records (p = .002), NPs were found to work more hours per week than those who did not. Regarding the type of relationships with physicians, NPs who worked more than 40 h/week either had hierarchical relationships with them (p < 0.001), or relationships in which the physician examined and signed off on patients whom the NP had examined (p < .001). These analyses provide a preliminary description of the nature and prevalence of NP work hours/overtime and work conditions related to longer work hours. Further study is indicated to assess the potential impact of work hours/overtime on NP roles and patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Sung-Heui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Jane Dimmitt
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Champion
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Work environments; occupational health; quantitative; scope of practice