title: Mindfulness Training among Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: Neurobehavioral Effects.
abstract: Objective. To investigate possible neurobehavioral changes secondary to a mindfulness based intervention (MBI) training for individuals living with Parkinson's disease (PD). Background. In the context of complementary medicine, MBIs are increasingly being used for stress reduction and in patient populations coping with chronic illness. The use of alternative and complementary medicine may be higher in patients with chronic conditions such as PD. However, behavioral effects of mindfulness training in PD have not yet been reported in the literature and this points to an unmet need and warrants further examination. Methods. A total of 27 out of 30 PD patients completed a randomized controlled longitudinal trial. Questionnaires and the UPDRS I-IV were obtained at baseline and 8-week follow-up. Results. Significant changes after the MBI were found including a 5.5 point decrease on the UPDRS motor score, an increase of 0.79 points on Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39) pain item, and a 3.15 point increase in the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire observe facet. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative analysis of neurobehavioral effects of MBI in PD.
authors.affiliation: University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium ; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium ; Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, 220 Cherry Street, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA ; Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, 333 Bostwick Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pickut
authors.affiliation: University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium ; Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, School for Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9906-1836
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanneste
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Rehabilitation, 1100 Blythe Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.affiliation: icoMetrix, Tervuursesteenweg 244, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ; Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van Hecke
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2747-8771
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kerckhofs
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium ; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, Lindendreef 1, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mariën
authors.affiliation: University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium ; Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Parizel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crosiers
authors.affiliation: University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium ; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium ; Born Bunge Institute, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cras