title: A de novo Assembly of the Common Frog (Rana temporaria) Transcriptome and Comparison of Transcription Following Exposure to Ranavirus and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.
abstract: Amphibians are experiencing global declines and extinctions, with infectious diseases representing a major factor. In this study we examined the transcriptional response of metamorphic hosts (common frog, Rana temporaria) to the two most important amphibian pathogens: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Ranavirus. We found strong up-regulation of a gene involved in the adaptive immune response (AP4S1) at four days post-exposure to both pathogens. We detected a significant transcriptional response to Bd, covering the immune response (innate and adaptive immunity, complement activation, and general inflammatory responses), but relatively little transcriptional response to Ranavirus. This may reflect the higher mortality rates found in wild common frogs infected with Ranavirus as opposed to Bd. These data provide a valuable genomic resource for the amphibians, contribute insight into gene expression changes after pathogen exposure, and suggest potential candidate genes for future host-pathogen research.
authors.affiliation: UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Trenton W J
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.affiliation: UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Balloux
authors.affiliation: UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruis
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Biomedical Informatics Hub, Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Streatham Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Konrad H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Paszkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Biomedical Informatics Hub, Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Streatham Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Amber G F
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D008411:Chytridiomycota / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016678:Genome; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D011896:Rana temporaria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D017995:Ranavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*