title: Grey matter volume differences associated with gender in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A voxel-based morphometry study.
abstract: Female participants have been underrepresented in previous structural magnetic resonance imaging reports on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we used optimized voxel-based morphometry to examine grey matter volumes in a sample of 33 never-medicated children with combined-type ADHD and 27 typically developing (TD) children. We found a gender-by-diagnosis interaction effect in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), whereby boys with ADHD exhibited reduced volumes compared with TD boys, while girls with ADHD showed increased volumes when compared with TD girls. Considering the key role played by the ventral ACC in emotional regulation, we discuss the potential contribution of these alterations to gender-specific symptoms' profiles in ADHD.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France. Electronic address: t.villemonteix@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Villemonteix
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TTT, UK.
authors.forename: Stéphane A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: De Brito
authors.affiliation: UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherche Cognition et Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; UNESCOG - Research Unit in Cognitive Neurosciences, ULB, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology, Erasme Hospital, 808 Lennik Street, CP601, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hichem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Clinics of Magnetic Resonance, Erasme Hospital, 808 Lennik Street, CP601, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kavec
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Clinics of Magnetic Resonance, Erasme Hospital, 808 Lennik Street, CP601, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balériaux
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Clinics of Magnetic Resonance, Erasme Hospital, 808 Lennik Street, CP601, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Metens
authors.affiliation: UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherche Cognition et Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; UNESCOG - Research Unit in Cognitive Neurosciences, ULB, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baijot
authors.affiliation: UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherche Cognition et Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mary
authors.affiliation: UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherche Cognition et Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, ULB, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peigneux
authors.affiliation: UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, ULB, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; National Fund of Scientific Research (FNRS), 4 rue d'Egmont, B1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, ULB, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit, Centre de Recherche Cognition et Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Massat
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: Anterior cingulate cortex; Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Emotion regulation; Gender; MRI