title: Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota--a randomised controlled trial in obese postmenopausal women.
abstract: The gut microbiota has been implicated in obesity and its progression towards metabolic disease. Dietary interventions that target the gut microbiota have been suggested to improve metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interventions with Lactobacillus paracasei F19 or flaxseed mucilage on the gut microbiota and metabolic risk markers in obesity. A total of fifty-eight obese postmenopausal women were randomised to a single-blinded, parallel-group intervention of 6-week duration, with a daily intake of either L. paracasei F19 (9.4 × 1010 colony-forming units), flaxseed mucilage (10 g) or placebo. Quantitative metagenomic analysis of faecal DNA was performed to identify the changes in the gut microbiota. Diet-induced changes in metabolic markers were explored using adjusted linear regression models. The intake of flaxseed mucilage over 6 weeks led to a reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin release during an oral glucose tolerance test (P< 0.05) and improved insulin sensitivity measured by Matsuda index (P< 0.05). Comparison of gut microbiota composition at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention with flaxseed mucilage showed alterations in abundance of thirty-three metagenomic species (P< 0.01), including decreased relative abundance of eight Faecalibacterium species. These changes in the microbiota could not explain the effect of flaxseed mucilage on insulin sensitivity. The intake of L. paracasei F19 did not modulate metabolic markers compared with placebo. In conclusion, flaxseed mucilage improves insulin sensitivity and alters the gut microbiota; however, the improvement in insulin sensitivity was not mediated by the observed changes in relative abundance of bacterial species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports,Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen,Rolighedsvej 26,1958Frederiksberg C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Lena K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Brahe
authors.affiliation: INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,US 1367 Metagenopolis,Jouy-en-Josas,France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Chatelier
authors.affiliation: INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,US 1367 Metagenopolis,Jouy-en-Josas,France.
authors.forename: Edi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prifti
authors.affiliation: INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,US 1367 Metagenopolis,Jouy-en-Josas,France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.affiliation: INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,US 1367 Metagenopolis,Jouy-en-Josas,France.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports,Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen,Rolighedsvej 26,1958Frederiksberg C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blædel
authors.affiliation: Arla Strategic Innovation Centre,Stockholm,Sweden.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Håkansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science,Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark.
authors.forename: Trine Kastrup
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Dalsgaard
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors.forename: Oluf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports,Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen,Rolighedsvej 26,1958Frederiksberg C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.affiliation: INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,US 1367 Metagenopolis,Jouy-en-Josas,France.
authors.forename: S Dusko
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports,Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen,Rolighedsvej 26,1958Frederiksberg C,Denmark.
authors.forename: Lesli H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D019597:Flax; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D007778:Lactobacillus; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D062087:Plant Mucilage / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017698:Postmenopause; D056692:Prebiotics; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D062087:Plant Mucilage; D056692:Prebiotics
keywords: Flaxseed mucilage; Gut microbiota; Metagenomics; Obesity-related disease; Probiotics