title: Phased-array sources based on nonlinear metamaterial nanocavities.
abstract: Coherent superposition of light from subwavelength sources is an attractive prospect for the manipulation of the direction, shape and polarization of optical beams. This phenomenon constitutes the basis of phased arrays, commonly used at microwave and radio frequencies. Here we propose a new concept for phased-array sources at infrared frequencies based on metamaterial nanocavities coupled to a highly nonlinear semiconductor heterostructure. Optical pumping of the nanocavity induces a localized, phase-locked, nonlinear resonant polarization that acts as a source feed for a higher-order resonance of the nanocavity. Varying the nanocavity design enables the production of beams with arbitrary shape and polarization. As an example, we demonstrate two second harmonic phased-array sources that perform two optical functions at the second harmonic wavelength (∼5 μm): a beam splitter and a polarizing beam splitter. Proper design of the nanocavity and nonlinear heterostructure will enable such phased arrays to span most of the infrared spectrum.
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.|Science &Technology Division, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
authors.forename: Omri
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.|Science &Technology Division, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4655-5485
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campione
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.|Science &Technology Division, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Arvind P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ravikumar
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.|Science &Technology Division, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.|Science &Technology Division, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
authors.forename: Ting S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.affiliation: Science &Technology Division, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
authors.forename: Emil A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kadlec
authors.affiliation: Science &Technology Division, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Shaner
authors.affiliation: Science &Technology Division, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Klem
authors.affiliation: Science &Technology Division, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.|Science &Technology Division, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
authors.forename: Igal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brener