title: Concentration distribution and potential health risk of heavy metals in Mactra veneriformis from Bohai Bay, China.
abstract: To investigate the pollution level and evaluate the potential health risks of heavy metals, the concentrations of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), and lead (Pb) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 198 clams (Mactra veneriformis) collected from 11 sites of the Bohai Bay. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in the clams were different at different sites (p<0.05). Mn was dominant with a percentage of 22.08-77.03% in heavy metals, followed by Zn with 12.66-57.11%, and the concentration of Pb was the lowest with 0.45-1.04%. The potential health risk to consumers was evaluated by the target hazard quotient (THQ) and the maximum daily consumption rate (CRmax). The results indicated that the THQs of Co were the highest with the values of 1.125, 1.665, and 1.144 at three sections; the values of other individual metals were <1, which indicated that consumption of clams from the study areas caused health risks due to Co. Moreover, the CRmax values also indicated the potential health risk caused by Co in clams consumed in this area. Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that there were significantly positive or negative correlations between the heavy metals (p<0.05), and the studied metals were divided into four groups. The results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals in clams were affected not only by pollution sources but also by the characteristics of clams that could absorb selectively and accumulate special metals. This study offers important information on the pollution levels of heavy metals in clams and warns consumers of the health risks associated with the consumption of clams in the area.
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Yuhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17, Chunhui Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17, Chunhui Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China; Haikou Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Haikou 570228, China. Electronic address: zhouhl@hainu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100094, China.
authors.forename: Wandong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Haikou Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17, Chunhui Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address: qzxue@yic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Qinzhao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D061006:Bays; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Bohai Bay; Health risk estimation; Heavy metals; Mactra veneriformis; Target hazard quotient