title: [Therapeutic approach in persistent diabetic macular edema].
abstract: Terminology of persistent diabetic macular edema has been initially reserved to cases unresponsive to conventional laser photocoagulation according to ETDRS criteria. While knowledge about pathophysiology of macular edema evolved and new drugs became available, the terminology of persistent diabetic macular edema expanded to include resistance to most current therapies. The purpose of this paper is to review medical and surgical options in the treatment of such difficult cases according to literature data and personal experience.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brănişteanu
authors.forename: Andreea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moraru
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections / Q000379:methods; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000379:methods; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012383:Romania / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D005938:Glucocorticoids