title: Efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunct Nd:YAG laser therapy in the treatment of periodontal inflammation among patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A short-term pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with and without adjunctneodymium-doped:yttrium, aluminum and garnet (Nd:YAG) lasertherapy in the treatment of periodontal inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uninvestigated. The aim of the present short-term pilot study was to assess efficacy of NSPT with adjunct Nd:YAG laser therapy in the treatment of periodontal inflammation in patients with and without T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with T2DM (Group-1) and 22 controls (Group-2) were included. Teeth on test- and control-sites underwent NSPT with and without Nd:YAG laser therapy, respectively. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP] and probing pocket depth⩾4mm [PPD]) were measured at baseline and after 1 and 3months. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured at baseline and after 3months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group-1, PI, BOP and PPD⩾4mm were higher at the control-sites (6.4% [P<0.05], 5.5% [P<0.05] and 3.5% [P<0.05], respectively) than test-sites (1.5%, 2.1% and 1.1%, respectively) at 1-month follow-up. In Group-2, PI, BOP and PPD⩾4mm were higher at the control-sites (4.2% [P<0.05], 2.2% [P<0.05] and 2.2% [P<0.05], respectively) than test-sites (1.2%, 1.3% and 1.1%, respectively). At 3-months follow-up, there was no difference in PI, BOP and PPD⩾4mm among test- and control-sites in both groups. At 3-month follow-up, mean HbA1c levels were comparable among patients in groups 1 and 2 (5±0.2% and 4.6±0.1%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These short-term pilot results support our hypothesis that NSPT+Nd:YAG laser therapy is more effective in reducing periodontal inflammation in patients with and without T2DM than when NSPT is used alone. Further long-term randomized controlled clinical trials are needed in this regard.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA. Electronic address: fawad_javed@urmc.rochester.edu.
authors.forename: Fawad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Al Amri
authors.affiliation: Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Kheraif
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Talat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.affiliation: Department of Laser and Cosmetic Dentistry, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.affiliation: Chairman of International Dentistry Research Cathedra, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Calvo-Guirado
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Georgios E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Romanos
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D053685:Laser Therapy; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Hemoglobin A1c; Neodymium-doped:yttrium aluminum and garnet laser; Non-surgical periodontal therapy; Periodontal inflammation; Type 2 diabetes mellitus