title: Sodium NMR/MRI for anisotropic systems.
abstract: Sodium ((23)Na) plays a central role in many physiological processes, and its high NMR sensitivity makes it an attractive nucleus for biomedical NMR and MRI research. Many biological tissues contain structures such as fibers and membranes that impose anisotropic translational and rotational motions on the sodium ions. Translational motion can be studied by diffusion measurements. Anisotropic rotational motion results in non-vanishing quadrupolar interaction that it is best studied by exploiting multiple quantum coherences for (23)Na NMR spectroscopy and MRI. The current review covers the application of the various NMR techniques to the study of (23)Na in anisotropic compartments in cartilage, tendon, intervertebral discs, red blood cells, nervous system and muscles.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Eliav
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D012964:Sodium
keywords: brain; cartilage; double quantum filter; intervertebral disc; optic nerve; red blood cells; tendon; triple quantum filter