title: Heterogeneity of Relational Backgrounds is Associated With Variation in Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behavior.
abstract: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a self-destructive behavior of common prevalence in adolescence and young adulthood. Engagement in NSSI has been consistently linked in the literature with perceptions of one's parent-child relationships as negative or invalidating. However, the potential for multiple combinations of such relational characteristics to be associated with varying cognitive and behavioral manifestations of NSSI remains uninvestigated. In the current study, a person-centered approach to studying perceived parent-child relationship quality and NSSI was adopted; functions and behavioral severity of NSSI were then compared across the different relational profiles created. A latent profile analysis in a sample of 264 self-injuring university students (205 females; m(age) = 19.37 years, sd = 1.50) revealed four distinct profiles, two characterized by negative parent-child perceptions and two by positive parent-child perceptions. The perceived relational dimensions of these profiles were unique compared to a parallel group of 264 non-self-injurers (207 females; m(age) = 19.27 years, sd = 1.33). Participants reporting negative parent-child relationships endorsed more severe NSSI, and engaged in NSSI to regulate aggressive emotions. In contrast, individuals reporting positive parent-child relationships engaged in less extreme manifestations of NSSI overall, suggesting lower psychological deficits. Findings suggest that, although not all self-injurers perceive their relationships with parents negatively, variation in the perception of relational quality is implicated in behavioral and cognitive variation in NSSI engagement.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. martinmj@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bureau
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yurkowski
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-France
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lafontaine
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Research, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cloutier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Family environments; Latent profile analysis; Non-suicidal self-injury; Parent–child relationships; Young adults