title: Hydrosalpinx in Postmenarchal Nonsexually Active Girls: A Review of 6 Cases in a Children's Hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the study was to identify the presence of hydrosalpinx in postmenarchal nonsexually active girls in a children's hospital and to review the available literature on hydrosalpinx in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a tertiary care children's hospital, we performed a retrospective review of charts from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2014 and identified six cases of hydrosalpinx in postmenarchal nonsexually active female adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 19 years old. The diagnosis of hydrosalpinx was made using imaging studies. Four of six patients were symptomatic at presentation, and two patients were diagnosed when seen for unrelated reasons. Five of these six girls had previous abdominopelvic surgery. Four girls were given empiric antibiotic treatment for presumed pelvic inflammatory disease related to hydrosalpinx. Two patients required surgical intervention that resulted in complete resolution of the hydrosalpinx. The oldest patient in the series underwent ultrasound-guided drainage of the pyo- and/or hydrosalpinx with subsequent recurrence with tubal ovarian abscess five months later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of hydrosalpinx might be discovered in the workup of pelvic pain in nonsexually active adolescents or on routine follow-up in patients with previous abdominal surgery, some of whom are asymptomatic. The underlying pathophysiology for hydrosalpinx in this population remains unclear. Among our cases, postsurgical adhesions appeared to be the most likely predisposing factor for tubular obstruction. Early detection and prompt diagnosis will allow for appropriate conservative or definitive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami Children's Health System, Miami, Florida. Electronic address: demmacabral@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maria Demma I
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami Children's Health System, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Lorena M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Siqueira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008572:Menarche; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescent females; Hydrosalpinx; Nonsexually active; Postmenarchal