title: Isolation, characterization, and anthelminthic activities of a novel dichapetalin and other constituents of Dichapetalum filicaule.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dichapetalum filicaule Breteler (Dichapetalaceae) is a rare species occurring only in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. Although research on several species of the genus has produced interesting bioactive compounds, particularly the Dichapetalins, a novel class of triterpenoids with antineoplastic properties, there is virtually no information on the ethnobotanical uses and chemical constituents of D. filicaule.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The phytochemical and anthelminthic activities of the constituents of D. filicaule were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemical constituents of the petroleum ether, chloroform-acetone, and methanol root extracts of D. filicaule were isolated by column chromatography and characterized by their physico-chemical properties, 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In vitro anthelminthic activity of the extracts and compounds against the human hookworm, Necator americanus, Stiles 1902 (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) was determined within a concentration range of 2500-250 μg/ml using the Egg Hatch Inhibition (EHI) Assay. The hookworm species were identified using a published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new dichapetalin, dichapetalin X (1), together with the known dichapetalin A (2), pomolic acid (3), glycerol monostearate (4), D:A-friedooleanan-3β-ol (5), and D:A-friedooleanan-3-one (6) were isolated. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited EHI with IC50 values of 523.2, 162.4, and 306.0 μg/ml, respectively, against the hookworm. The positive control albendazole gave an IC50 value of 93.27 μg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of the phytochemical investigation of D. filicaule. The study has yielded a new dichapetalin and also demonstrated the potential anthelminthic properties of the constituents.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana .
authors.forename: Mary Anti
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chama
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana .
authors.forename: Godwin Akpeko
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dziwornu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friederich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany , and.
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waibel
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana .
authors.forename: Dorcas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osei-Safo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana .
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Addae-Mensah
authors.affiliation: c Department of Parasitology , Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otchere
authors.affiliation: c Department of Parasitology , Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005260:Female; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017221:Necator americanus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C000613886:dichapetalin X
keywords: Dichapetalaceae; Necator americanus; dichapetalin X; glycerol monostearate; hookworm; pomolic acid