title: SATB1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Invasion Depending on MYC Activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  SATB1 plays an important role in human malignant progression, inducing cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating downstream gene expressions. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms in which SATB1 promotes pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate SATB1 expression levels and its biological functions in promoting pancreatic cancer growth and invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  SATB1 expression levels were detected in seven human pancreatic cancer cell lines and 16 pairs of normal pancreatic/pancreatic cancer tissues using RT-PCR and western blot. SW1990 or Capan-1 cells stably knockdown (shRNA) or transiently knockdown (siRNA) SATB1 cells, and PANC-1 stably overexpressing SATB1 cells were investigated with MTT, EdU assay, flow cytometry, and transwell invasion assay for cell proliferation and invasion activity. The binding of SATB1 to MYC promoter region was examined using reporter assay. Expression of SATB1 in 68 pancreatic cancer samples was studied by immunohistochemical staining and scoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SATB1 was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues samples, showing strong correlation with pancreatic cancer invasion depth and tumor staging. SATB1 induced MYC mRNA and protein expression; promoted pancreatic cancer cell growth; increased cell population in S phase; and enhanced pancreatic cancer cell invasion in vitro. On the other hand, SATB1 knockdown showed opposite effects. Furthermore, MYC blocking in SATB1-overexpressing cells attenuated the promotion of pancreatic cancer cell growth and invasion. Our data also indicated that SATB1 bound to specific promoter region of MYC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SATB1 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, promoting cancer cell proliferation and invasion through the activation of MYC.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. czjssry@gmail.com.|Institute of Tumor Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. czjssry@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. lizengliang123@126.com.|Institute of Tumor Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. lizengliang123@126.com.|Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, 223300, People's Republic of China. lizengliang123@126.com.|Department of General Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China. lizengliang123@126.com.
authors.forename: Zengliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. liwei10@suda.edu.cn.|Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1, Shizi Street, Suzhou City, 215006, People's Republic of China. liwei10@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. zangy_0316@yahoo.com.cn.|Institute of Tumor Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. zangy_0316@yahoo.com.cn.|Department of General Surgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, 1 Shuyuan Street, Changshu, 215500, People's Republic of China. zangy_0316@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. zhuyijssry@126.com.|Institute of Tumor Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. zhuyijssry@126.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. miaoyi@njmu.edu.cn.|Institute of Tumor Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. miaoyi@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. xzkjssry@gmail.com.|Institute of Tumor Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. xzkjssry@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zekuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C489427:MYC protein, human; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C076189:SATB1 protein, human
keywords: Cell cycle; Myelocytomatosis viral oncogene; Pancreatic carcinoma; Special AT-rich binding protein 1