title: Serum Levels of Progranulin Are Closely Associated with Microvascular Complication in Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Progranulin (PGRN) was recently introduced as a novel marker of chronic inflammatory response in obesity and type 2 diabetes capable of directly affecting the insulin signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between PGRN and type 2 diabetics with microvascular complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  PGRN serum levels and glucose metabolism related substance were measured in 84 type 2 diabetic patients with or without microangiopathies and 12 health persons. Further analyses of serum PGRN in different stages of diabetic microangiopathies were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of PGRN were markedly higher in type 2 diabetic patients with microangiopathies. PGRN serum levels increased with the progress of diabetic microangiopathies with significantly highest values detectable in clinical diabetic nephropathy (CDN) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) groups. Serum PGRN concentrations in all individuals positively and markedly correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), white blood cell (WBC), disease duration, IL-6, and TNF-α, while correlating negatively and significantly with eGFR. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only UAER and CRE were independently associated with serum PGRN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGRN might be considered as a marker for diabetic microangiopathy and its severity.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China ; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Guangren Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
authors.forename: Huixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China ; Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital Affiliated of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
authors.forename: Weijin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
authors.forename: Shufang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077153:Progranulins
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000077153:Progranulins