title: Single-dose Intravenous Toxicology Testing of Daebohwalryeok Pharmcopuncture in Sprague-Dawley Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to test the single-dose intravenous toxicity of Daebohwalryeok pharmacopuncture (DHRP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to estimate the crude lethal dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech Co., a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) laboratory, according to the GLP regulation and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Biotoxtech Co. (Approval no: 110156). The rats were divided into three groups: DHRP was injected into the rats in the two test groups at doses of 10 mL/kg and 20 mL/kg, respectively, and normal saline solution was injected into the rats in the control group. Single doses of DHRP were injected intravenously into 6 week old SD rats (5 male and 5 female rats per group). General symptoms were observed and weights were measured during the 14 day observation period after the injection. After the observation period, necropsies were done. Then, histopathological tests were performed. Weight data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using statistical analysis system (SAS, version 9.2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No deaths and no statistical significant weight changes were observed for either male or female SD rats in either the control or the test groups during the observation period. In addition, no treatment related general symptoms or necropsy abnormalities were observed. Histopathological results showed no DHRP related effects in the 20 mL/kg DHRP group for either male or female rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study, the results from single-dose intravenous injections of DHRP showed that estimated lethal doses for both male and female rats were above 20 mL/kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sunju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, and Dermatology, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Research Center of the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Rok
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kwon
keywords: aqua acupuncture; intravenous injection; pharmacopuncture; single-dose toxicity test