title: Bonding Effectiveness to Differently Sandblasted Dental Zirconia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of different mechanical pre-treatments on the bond durability to dental zirconia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fully sintered IPS e.max ZirCAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) blocks were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: (1) kept as-sintered (control), (2) sandblasted with 50-μm Al₂O₃(Danville), or tribochemically silica sandblasted using (3) CoJet (3M ESPE) and (4) SilJet (Danville). The zirconia specimens were additionally pre-treated chemically using a 10-MDP/silane ceramic primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer, Kuraray Noritake). Two identically pre-treated zirconia blocks were bonded together using resin-composite cement (RelyX Ultimate, 3M ESPE). The specimens were trimmed at the interface to a cylindrical hourglass shape and stored in distilled water (7 days, 37°C), after which they were randomly tested as is or subjected to additional mechanical aging involving cyclic tensile stress (10 N, 10 Hz, 10,000 cycles). Subsequently, the microtensile bond strength was determined and SEM fractographic analysis performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weibull analysis revealed the highest Weibull scale and shape parameters when zirconia was tribochemically silica sandblasted using either CoJet or SilJet. The Weibull shape parameter of Al₂O₃-sandblasted zirconia was significantly reduced upon mechanical aging, but not when zirconia was tribochemically silica sandblasted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanical surface pre-treatment of zirconia using tribochemical silica sandblasting (CoJet, SilJet) resulted in the most favorable bond durability of a resin-composite cement (RelyX Ultimate) to dental zirconia before and after aging.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bielen
authors.forename: Masanao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inokoshi
authors.forename: Jan De
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Munck
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanmeensel
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minakuchi
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vleugels
authors.forename: Ignace
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naert
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Meerbeek
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; C528569:Rely-X; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D014867:Water; D015019:Yttrium; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide