title: Nutrients and contaminants in tissues of five fish species obtained from Shanghai markets: Risk-benefit evaluation from human health perspectives.
abstract: Shanghai is a Chinese megacity in the Yangtze River Delta area, one of the most polluted coastal areas in China. The inhabitants of Shanghai have very high aquatic product consumption rates. A risk-benefit assessment of the co-ingestion of fish nutrients and contaminants has not previously been performed for Shanghai residents. Samples of five farmed fish species (marine and freshwater) with different feeding habits were collected from Shanghai markets in winter and summer. Fatty acids, protein, mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorocyclohexanes, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes were measured in liver, abdominal fat, and dorsal, abdominal, and tail muscles from fish. Tolerable daily intakes and benefit-risk quotients were calculated to allow the benefits and risks of co-ingesting n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and contaminants to be assessed according to the cancer slope factors and reference doses of selected pollutants. All of the contaminant concentrations in the muscle tissues were much lower than the national maximum limits, but the livers generally contained high Hg concentrations, exceeding the regulatory limit. The organic pollutant and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations correlated with the lipid contents of the fish tissues, and were higher in carnivorous marine fish than in omnivorous and herbivorous freshwater fish. The tolerable daily intakes, risk-benefit quotients, and current daily aquatic product intakes for residents of large Chinese cities indicated that the muscle tissues of most of the fish analyzed can be consumed regularly without significant contaminant-related risks to health. However, attention should be paid to the potential risks posed by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in large yellow croaker and Hg in tilapia. Based on the results of this study, we encourage people to consume equal portions of marine and freshwater fish.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Pin
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China. Electronic address: yyang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ze-Lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Ni
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Li-Qiao
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China. Electronic address: zydu@bio.ecnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhen-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Fish; Heavy metals; Market; Persistent organic pollutants; Risk–benefit evaluation; Shanghai; n−3 LCPUFA