title: The fabrication of double layer tubular vascular tissue engineering scaffold via coaxial electrospinning and its 3D cell coculture.
abstract: A continuous electrospinning technique was applied to fabricate double layer tubular tissue engineering vascular graft (TEVG) scaffold. The luminal layer was made from poly(ɛ-caprolac-tone)(PCL) ultrafine fibers via common single axial electrospinning followed by the outer layer of core-shell structured nanofibers via coaxial electrospinning. For preparing the outer layernano-fibers, the PCL was electrospun into the shell and both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tetrapeptide val-gal-pro-gly (VAPG) were encapsulated into the core. The core-shell structure in the outer layer fibers was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The in vitro release tests exhibited the sustainable release behavior of BSA and VAPG so that they provided a better cell growth environment in the interior of tubular scaffold wall. The in vitro culture of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) demonstrated their potential to penetrate into the scaffold wall for the 3D cell culture. Subsequently, 3D cell coculture was conducted. First, SMCs were seeded on the luminal surface of the scaffold and cultured for 5 days, and then endothelial cells (ECs) were also seeded on the luminal surface and cocultured with SMCs for another 2 days. After stained with antibodies, 3D cell distribution on the scaffold was revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) where ECs were mainly located on the luminal surface whereas SMCs penetrated into the surface and distributed inside the scaffold wall. This double layer tubular scaffold with 3D cell distribution showed the promise to develop it into a novel TEVG for clinical trials in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Lamei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Ying
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
authors.forename: Lian-Rui
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Zeng-Guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology*; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine
keywords: 3D cell coculture; coaxial electrospinning; double layer tubular scaffold; endothelial cell; smooth muscle cell; tissue engineering vascular graft