title: Impact of gold nanoparticles on brain of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni.
abstract: Schistosomiasis is a condition characterized by high rates of morbidity and cognitive impairment. It afflicts many people in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Our study aimed to investigate the protective role of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on the brain of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Characterizations of GNPs were determined by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Three doses of GNPs (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg body weight) were used to treat animals after S. mansoni infection. The infection induced impairments in histological picture as a result of schistosome infection resulting in a disturbance in the content of the brain neurotransmitters, norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA). Also, the infection induced significant reduction in glutathione level; oppositely, the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were increased significantly. In addition, S. mansoni was able to disregulate the infected mice brain Cacnb4, Cabp4, Vdac3, Glrb, and Adam23 messenger RNA (mRNA). On the other hand, treatment of mice with GNPs could alleviate the histological impairments, the changes in the content of NE and DA, and the brain oxidative damage. Also, GNPs could regulate the gene expression due to S. mansoni infection. Generally, GNPs could decrease the neurooxidative stress and regulated the gene expression in the brain of infected mice. Consequently, our results revealed an anti-neuroschistosomal effect of GNPs in mice infected with S. mansoni.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dkhil
authors.forename: Amira A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bauomy
authors.forename: Marwa S M
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Diab
authors.forename: Rizwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delic
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Quraishy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006046:Gold; D005978:Glutathione