title: Multiplexed pyrosequencing of nine sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Actiniaria) mitochondrial genomes.
abstract: Six complete and three partial actiniarian mitochondrial genomes were amplified in two semi-circles using long-range PCR and pyrosequenced in a single run on a 454 GS Junior, doubling the number of complete mitogenomes available within the order. Typical metazoan mtDNA features included circularity, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and length ranging from 17,498 to 19,727 bp. Several typical anthozoan mitochondrial genome features were also observed including the presence of only two transfer RNA genes, elevated A + T richness ranging from 54.9 to 62.4%, large intergenic regions, and group 1 introns interrupting NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, the latter of which possesses a homing endonuclease gene. Within the sea anemone Alicia sansibarensis, we report the first mitochondrial gene order rearrangement within the Actiniaria, as well as putative novel non-canonical protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analyses of all 13 protein-coding and 2 ribosomal genes largely corroborated current hypotheses of sea anemone interrelatedness, with a few lower-level differences.
authors.affiliation: a Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History , New York , NY , USA .
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foox
authors.affiliation: b Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History , New York , NY , USA , and.|c Biological Sciences Department, NYC College of Technology (CUNY) , Brooklyn , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Mercer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brugler
authors.affiliation: a Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History , New York , NY , USA .|b Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History , New York , NY , USA , and.
authors.forename: Mark Edward
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Siddall
authors.affiliation: a Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History , New York , NY , USA .|b Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History , New York , NY , USA , and.
authors.forename: Estefanía
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D012615:Sea Anemones / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012343:RNA, Transfer
keywords: Gene rearrangement; long-range PCR; mitogenome; phylogeny