title: Efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone injections for benign refractory oesophageal strictures at Counties Manukau Health, New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Refractory benign strictures of the oesophagus can present a significant clinical challenge and may require repeated attempts at dilatation. Intralesional triamcinolone injections have been used in a limited number of studies to aid in the dilatation of benign, refractory oesophageal strictures. It is hypothesised that intralesional steroid injection inhibits the scar formation, thereby reducing the need for dilatations. The purpose of this study was to assess if steroid injection reduces the need for serial endoscopic dilatations and aids in maintaining oesophageal patency.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case series of 25 patients with refractory oesophageal strictures. The mean age was 75 years and range between 41-95 years. The etiology of strictures consisted of peptic (68%), anastomotic (4%), radiation induced (16%) and eosinophilic oesophagitis (12%). Majority (75%) were distal in location. Triamcinolone (40-80 mg) was injected via 25-gauge sclerotherapy catheter in a four quadrantic manner in aliquots of 0.5 ml each into the proximal end of the stricture and also into the stricture itself after dilatation. Dilatation was carried out with over the guidewire Savary-Gilliard or through the scope (CRE) Balloon dilators depending upon the preference of the endoscopist. Dilatations were continued every 4-6 weeks until asymptomatic and/or endoscopic resolution of stricture. Periodic Dilatation Index (PDI) was calculated by the number of dilatations required over the duration of time in months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of dilatations reduced from mean of 3.12 to 1.41 in the peptic strictures but there was no decrease in the other groups. However, the triamcinolone injection resulted in reducing the periodic dilatation index in all groups except the eosinophilic oesophagitis. The rate ratio of PDI before and after intralesional triamcinolone injection use being 0.45 with 95% confidence interval [0.30 -0.68] (p=0.0005). Furthermore triamcinolone injections showed a trend to increase the maximal achieved diameter of the strictures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the efficacy of triamcinolone intralesional steroids in reducing the requirement for repeated dilatations in refractory peptic strictures of oesophagus. Strictures related to eosinophilic oesophagitis failed to demonstrate similar efficacy.
authors.forename: Yeri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Christin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coomarasamy
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Middlemore Hospital Counties Health, New Zealand. rogra@xtra.co.nz.
authors.forename: Ravinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods*; D057765:Eosinophilic Esophagitis / Q000150:complications; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000150:complications; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000150:complications; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014221:Triamcinolone