title: Evaluation of bacterial communities by bacteriome analysis targeting 16S rRNA genes and quantitative analysis of ammonia monooxygenase gene in different types of compost.
abstract: Biofiltration technology based on microbial degradation and assimilation is used for the removal of malodorous compounds, such as ammonia. Microbes that degrade malodorous and/or organic substances are involved in composting and are retained after composting; therefore, mature composts can serve as an ideal candidate for a biofilter medium. In this study, we focused on different types of raw compost materials, as these are important factors determining the bacterial community profile and the chemical component of the compost. Therefore, bacterial community profiles, the abundance of the bacterial ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA), and the quantities of chemical components were analyzed in composts produced from either food waste or cattle manure. The community profiles with the lowest beta diversity were obtained from single type of cattle manure compost. However, cattle manure composts showed greater alpha diversity, contained higher amounts of various rRNA gene fragments than those of food waste composts and contained the amoA gene by relative quantification, and Proteobacteria were abundantly found and nitrifying bacteria were detected in it. Nitrifying bacteria are responsible for ammonia oxidation and mainly belong to the Proteobacteria or Nitrospira phyla. The quantities of chemical components, such as salt, phosphorus, and nitrogen, differed between the cattle manure and food waste composts, indicating that the raw materials provided different fermentation environments that were crucial for the formation of different community profiles. The results also suggest that cattle manure might be a more suitable raw material for the production of composts to be used in the biofiltration of ammonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan. Electronic address: kitamura.rika1229@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Bidg. 2 Room 319, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Bidg. 2 Room 319, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, 9 Kita 9 Jyou Nishi, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwabuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002417:Cattle; D005374:Filtration; D005502:Food; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D000641:Ammonia; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C045582:ammonia monooxygenase; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: 16S rRNA; Bacteriome; Biofilter medium; Mature compost; Nitrifying bacteria