title: Association of urine CC16 and lung function and asthma in Chinese children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have shown the relationship between serum Club cell secretory protein-16 (CC16) and respiratory diseases. However, little research has been done to study urinary CC16 in relation to respiratory diseases. Our objective was to examine the association of urinary CC16 and physician-diagnosed asthma or lung function measurements in Chinese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 147 physician-diagnosed children with asthma, ages 9-15 years, were recruited from our cross-sectional study population in northeast China. The 390 healthy children who were not asthmatic and not smokers were selected at random from the population according to 10% proportional sampling. Lung function values, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity were measured with two portable spirometers. Urine CC16 was determined by using an enzyme-link immunoassay kit. The relationships between urine CC16 levels and asthma, lung function were assessed by multiple regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) creatinine-adjusted urine CC16 level was, for creatinine, 9.77 ng/mg (95% CI, 8.12-12.02 ng/mg). After adjustments for sex, age, body mass index, parental education, and smoking status, lower urine CC16 levels were found to be associated with asthma (odds ratio 0.782 [95% CI, 0.617- 0.990]). A positive association was found between urine CC16 and forced vital capacity (beta 0.064 [95% CI, 0.008-0.119]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated lower levels of urine CC16 and lung function in patients with asthma than in those patients without asthma. CC16 in urine may be a useful tool or biomarker for investigating lung epithelium integrity among children with asthma or lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Ya-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yungling Leo
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wan-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Qin-Cheng
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Guang-Hui
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D014598:Uteroglobin / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C556389:SCGB1A1 protein, human; D014598:Uteroglobin