title: HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance Among Jamaican Men Who Have Sex with Men Should Be Prioritized for Reducing HIV Transmission.
abstract: The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is highest among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Jamaica but no genotypic data are available on the virus strains that are responsible for the epidemic among this key population. HIV-1 polymerase (pol) genes from 65 MSM were sequenced and used to predict drug resistance mutations. An HIV drug resistance prevalence of 28% (minimum 13%) was observed among this cohort, with the most frequent mutations conferring resistance to efavirenz, nevirapine, and lamivudine. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed 10 times the number of linked HIV infections among this cohort than respondent reporting. HIV treatment and prevention efforts in Jamaica could benefit significantly from Pol genotyping of the HIV strains infecting socially vulnerable MSM prior to initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), as this would guide suppressive ART and unearth HIV transmission clusters to enable more effective delivery of treatment and prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: 1 Biology Division, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Sport, University of Technology , Kingston, Jamaica .
authors.forename: Aneisha M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Collins-Fairclough
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.affiliation: 3 University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Julie A E
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Sharon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies , Mona, Kingston, Jamaica .
authors.forename: J Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Figueroa
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007563:Jamaica / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus