title: Endoscopic approaches to gastroparesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review covers the cause, evaluation and treatment options for gastroparesis. Symptoms of delayed gastric emptying are increasingly seen by gastroenterologists and gastrointestinal surgeons. Endoscopy - both laparoscopic and flexible - is increasingly important in treatment algorithms for this problem.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastroparesis is increasingly being seen in clinical practice. A progressive algorithm needs to be followed in these challenging cases: starting with medical treatment and diet modification, progressing through endoscopic treatments including new ones such as per-oral pyloromyotomy, and finally laparoscopic treatments including gastrectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic interventions are effective treatments for certain gastroparesis patients. New procedures offer a minimally invasive alternative to more radical options and should probably be more widely adopted.
authors.affiliation: Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Renato V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Lee L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Swanstrom
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000465:Algorithms; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D011708:Pylorus / Q000601:surgery*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome