title: 1-Triacontanol cerotate; isolated from Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. ameliorates reactive oxidative damage in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of chronic epileptic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. (MQ) has been used for insomnia and epileptic disorders in traditional Indian medicine. The present study is to isolate the active component responsible for antiepileptic property of MQ by evaluating its ability to minimize the reactive oxidative damage in brain due to chronic epilepsy in rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  1-Triacontanol cerotate (1TAC) was isolated after chromatography on a silica gel from dried petroleum ether fraction of methanolic extract of MQ. Acute oral toxicity studies of 1TAC were carried out and efficacy of 1TAC on malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) production in different brain areas of chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced epileptic rats were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that PTZ-kindled chronic epileptic rats had an increase MDA and decreased GSH concentration in the frontal cortex as well as hippocampus, compared to the normal control. MDA and GSH concentrations in those brain areas were normalized after treatment with sodium valproate (SV) in 200 mg kg(-1)bw; as well as 1TAC in 40 and 80 mg kg(-1)bw doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to worsen epileptogenesis. The isolated component 1TAC which reduced the reactive oxidative damage in hippocampus and frontal cortex of PTZ kindled rats could be responsible for antiepileptic property of MQ. Its action is found to be dose dependent, with 80 mg kg(-1)bw showing even better efficacy than 200 mg kg(-1)bw of SV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Adhikari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Snehunsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Chitrini
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghosal
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kandwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Pramod K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: B Satheesha
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: K Raghavendra
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Shobha U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India.
authors.forename: Pabitra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Shri Madhwa Vadiraja Institute of Technology and Management, Bantakal, India.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Sareesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naduvil Narayanan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Science, Manipal University, Manipal, India. Electronic address: alex.joseph@manipal.edu.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joseph
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D043964:Marsileaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D051381:Rats; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014635:Valproic Acid; C047578:1-triacontanol; D005978:Glutathione; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole
keywords: 1-Triacontanol cerotate; Epilepsy; Malondialdehyde; Marsilea quadrifolia Linn.; PTZ kindling; Reactive oxygen species