title: Comparison of two different sevoflurane expelling methods on emergence agitation in infants following sevoflurane anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of two different inhalation anesthetic expelling methods on emergence agitation in infants following sevoflurane anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  100 infants (1~3 years old) with cleft lip and palate and ASA classification I~II were randomized into two groups, a sevoflurane concentration decreasing expelling group (group n = 50 cases) and a low fresh gas flow expelling group (group D = 50 cases). The operation for cleft lip and palate repair was under general anesthesia, in which 30 minutes after initiation of narcosis ending extubation was indicated and after the tubes were removed the patients were sent to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) to record anesthesia times, emergence agitation scores, Ramsay scores and adverse reactions including drowsiness, respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, chills, hiccough or laryngospasms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in anesthesia times, awaking time and time until extubation between the two groups. 10 min after start of expelling sevoflurane, blood pressure and heart rates were higher in group N than in group D (P < 0.05). The postoperative agitation incidence and the degree of agitation were lower in group D than in group N (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative agitation is prone to occur in patients with sevoflurane concentration decreasing expelling. Avoiding sevoflurane application maintenance in the stage of sevoflurane expelling reduces the occurrence of postoperative agitation and diminishes physiological and psychological harm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Yunliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Tieying
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Kunfeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Pengyu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Yuxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: JianHui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Guangyao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang 36 Fanxi Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang 50011, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Ruyu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yan
keywords: Infants; emergence agitation; methods of expelling inhalational anesthetics; sevoflurane