title: Maternal and fetal HLA-G 14 bp gene polymorphism in pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restricted and normal pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trophoblast expression of Human Leukocyte Antigene-G (HLA-G) is essential for feto-maternal immune tolerance and successful placentation. There is contradicting evidence on the relationship between HLA-G polymorphisms and preeclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Here, we investigate the association between both maternal and fetal HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and obstetrical complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and genetic data of 282 women/fetuses (31 severe PE, 8 mild PE, 46 IUGR, 42 PIH and 155 controls) were analyzed both individually and jointly under a codominant, a dominant and a recessive model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HLA-G 14 bp polymorphism was not associated with obstetrical complications, considering the mother and fetus genotypes both jointly and individually.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this study we filled several gaps occurring in previous studies: we analyzed a very well-defined population of PE, PIH and IUGR pregnancies, considering both fetal and maternal HLA-G 14 bp polymorphism, individually and jointly. Our findings showed that fetal and maternal HLA-G 14 bp genotypes are not associated with increased risk for the development of obstetrical complications, suggesting that this polymorphism has no immuno-modulatory role in the development of PE, PIH or IUGR.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy .
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mandò
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy .
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pileri
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy .
authors.forename: Martina I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mazzocco
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy , and.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lattuada
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zolin
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plebani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy .
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massari
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy .
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy .
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cetin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D059951:HLA-G Antigens
keywords: Feto-maternal immune tolerance; genetic risk; obstetrical complications; pregnancy pathology; successful placentation