title: Instructional Simulation Integrates Research, Education, and Practice.
abstract: Instructional simulation is widely used in clinical education. Examples include the use of inanimate models meant to imitate humans, standardized patients who are actors portraying patients with certain conditions, and role-play where learners experience the disease through props and circumstances. These modalities are briefly described, and then case examples are provided of simulation curricula in use that integrate research findings and clinical practice expertise to guide development and implementation steps. The cases illustrate how formative and summative feedback from two legs of the "three-legged stool" can be potent integrating forces in development of simulation curricula. In these examples, the educational outputs benefit from purposeful inclusion of research and practice inputs. Costs are outlined for instructor and learner time commitments, space considerations, and expendables. The authors' data and experience suggest that instructional simulation that is supported by a solid scientific base and clinical expertise is appreciated by teachers and learners.
authors.affiliation: a The Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, College of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Teasdale
authors.affiliation: a The Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, College of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA.
authors.forename: Sheryl A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mapes
authors.affiliation: a The Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, College of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA.
authors.forename: Omolara
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Henley
authors.affiliation: a The Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, College of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA.
authors.forename: Jeanene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.affiliation: a The Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, College of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA.
authors.forename: Della
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dillard
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000379:methods*; D003479:Curriculum; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods*; D012106:Research / Q000193:education*; D000066908:Simulation Training / Q000379:methods*
keywords: education technology; geriatric education curriculum; geriatrics/education; gerontology and geriatrics curricula; role-play; simulation exercise