title: Diagnosed tuberculous meningitis using cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction in patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of meningitis in referral hospitals in Isfahan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading infectious diseases throughout the world. Among various forms of extrapulmonary TB, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form and remains a major global health problem with a high mortality rate. Our study was designed to evaluate tuberculous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive rate in patients who present with fairly long symptoms of meningitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 162 Patients with an indolent onset of symptoms compatible with central nervous system infection were admitted. Sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated for biochemistry and tuberculous real-time PCR. Data analyzed by Student's t-test and Fisher's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were mostly male (69.8%), with a median age of 43.69 ± 22.67 years. CSF real-time PCR results in 6 patients (3.7%) were positive for tuberculous DNA. Of these 6 patients, 4 of whom were men and two of whom were women. In other words, the frequency of positive tuberculous DNA was in male 5.3% and female 1.4%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that we live in Iran and in the vicinity of the tuberculous endemic countries, if we face a meningitis case with lasting symptoms and tendency to be chronic, TBM should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Infectious Diseases Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Kiana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirani
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Talaei
authors.affiliation: Medical Laboratory Doctor, Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaran
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Infectious Diseases Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Behrooz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ataei
authors.affiliation: Epidemiologist, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrabi-Koushki
authors.affiliation: Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Infectious Diseases Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khorvash
keywords: Meningitis; real-time polymerase chain reaction; tuberculosis