title: A Comparison of Radiocolloid and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging, Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Patients with Cervical Cancer Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (99)TC combined with blue-dye mapping is considered the best sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping technique in cervical cancer. Indocyanine green (ICG) with near infrared fluorescence imaging has been introduced as a new methodology for SLN mapping. The aim of this study was to compare these two techniques in the laparoscopic treatment of cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of patients undergoing laparoscopic SLN mapping for cervical cancer with either (99)Tc and patent blue dye (Group 1) or ICG (Group 2) from April 2008 until August 2012 were reviewed. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall and bilateral detection rates were calculated and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight patients were included in the study-36 patients in Group 1 and 22 patients in Group 2. Median tumor diameter was 25 and 29 mm, and mean SLN count was 2.1 and 3.7, for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Mean non-SLN (NSLN) count was 39 for both groups. SLNs were ninefold more likely to be affected by metastatic disease compared with NSLNs (p < 0.005). Sensitivity and specificity were both 100 %. Overall detection rates were 83 and 95.5 % (p = nonsignificant), and bilateral detection rates were 61 and 95.5 % (p < 0.005), for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. In 75 % of cases, SLNs were located along the external or internal iliac nodal basins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICG SLN mapping in cervical cancer provides high overall and bilateral detection rates that compare favorably with the current standard of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imboden
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. andrea.papadia@insel.ch.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadia
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mélina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nauwerk
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Zahraa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kollmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lanz
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; D007208:Indocyanine Green