title: Association of cord blood vitamin D at delivery with postpartum depression in Australian women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Observational studies have implicated low serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)) levels in the development of mood disorders. Postpartum depression (PPD) is an important public health issue, although little is known about its association with serum 25(OH)D.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between 25(OH)D at delivery and the subsequent risk of PPD at six weeks and six months postpartum in a large cohort of Australian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cord blood samples from 1040 women participating in the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to Optimise Maternal Infant Outcome randomised controlled trial were analysed for 25(OH)D by mass spectroscopy. Maternal PPD was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at six weeks and six months postpartum. The association between standardised 25(OH)D and PPD was assessed, taking into account DHA treatment, social and demographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no association between cord blood 25(OH)D concentration at delivery and PPD at either six weeks or six months postpartum. Cord blood 25(OH)D 25-50 and >50 nmol/L at delivery was associated with decreased risk of PPD at six weeks postpartum compared with 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L in the control group, but not the DHA group. There was no association between cord blood 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L at delivery and PPD at six months postpartum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This largest study to date of 25(OH)D levels at delivery and PPD did not reveal a consistent link with PPD.
authors.affiliation: Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Jacqueline F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.affiliation: Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.|School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yelland
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Smithers
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: C Murray
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Skeaff
authors.affiliation: FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.|School of Paediatrics & Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makrides
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: birth; cord blood; postpartum depression; pregnancy; vitamin D