title: Effectiveness of a Toothpaste with Low Fluoride Content Combined with Trimetaphosphate on Dental Biofilm and Enamel Demineralization in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate in situ whether a toothpaste with low fluoride associated with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) would provide similar effect to that of a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste.
  
  
  METHODS
  This crossover double-blind study consisted of 4 phases (14 days each), during which 10 volunteers wore oral appliances containing 4 enamel bovine blocks. The cariogenic challenge was performed by the application of a 20% sucrose solution (6×/day). The toothpaste treatments (2×/day) were: placebo, 500 ppm F, 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP, and 1,100 ppm F. At the end, enamel mineral loss and biofilm composition were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The toothpaste with 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP showed the lowest mineral loss (p < 0.05). Regarding the fluoride and calcium concentrations in the enamel and in the biofilm, there were no significant differences between 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP, and 1,100 ppm F toothpastes (p > 0.569), but they were significantly different when compared to toothpaste with 500 ppm F (p < 0.050).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of 1% TMP to a low-fluoride toothpaste reduces enamel demineralization in situ similar to a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste.
authors.affiliation: Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Marcelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danelon
authors.forename: Luciene P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Kikue T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Sassaki
authors.forename: Alberto C B
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002326:Cariogenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002417:Cattle; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D010919:Placebos; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002326:Cariogenic Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D010919:Placebos; D011122:Polyphosphates; D014100:Toothpastes; D013395:Sucrose; C009293:trimetaphosphoric acid; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium