title: Bioconcentration and depuration of (14)C-labeled 17α-ethinyl estradiol and 4-nonylphenol in individual organs of the marine bivalve Mytilus edulis L. .
abstract: Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), including 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), enter coastal environments primarily in effluents of wastewater treatment facilities and have become ubiquitous in marine surface waters, sediments, and biota. Although EE2 and 4-NP have been detected in marine shellfish, the kinetics of bioconcentration and their tissue distribution have not been thoroughly investigated. The authors performed bioconcentration and depuration experiments in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, with 3.37 nM EE2 (0.999 μg/L) and 454 nM 4-NP (100.138 µg/L). Mussels and seawater were sampled throughout a 38-d exposure and a 35-d depuration period, and 6 tissues were individually assayed. Uptake of EE2 and 4-NP was curvilinear throughout exposure and followed a similar uptake pattern: digestive gland > gill ≥ remaining viscera > gonad > adductor > plasma. Depuration varied, however, with half-lives ranging from 2.7 d (plasma) to 92 d (gill) for EE2 and 15 d (plasma) to 57 d (gill) for 4-NP. An innovative modeling approach, with 3 coupled mathematical models, was developed to differentiate the unique roles of the gill and plasma in distributing the EDCs to internal tissues. Plasma appears pivotal in regulating EDC uptake and depuration within the whole mussel.
authors.affiliation: The School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ricciardi
authors.affiliation: The School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Helen C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Poynton
authors.affiliation: The School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Duphily
authors.affiliation: The School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Blalock
authors.affiliation: The School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D007700:Kinetics; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D010636:Phenols; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; C041594:4-nonylphenol
keywords: Depuration; Endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC); Mussel tissue; Organ; Uptake