title: Potential use of microwave treatment on fresh-cut carrots: physical, chemical and microbiological aspects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of microwave treatments (900 and 750 W for 45 and 60 s) on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of fresh-cut carrot slices and the contents of several bioactive compounds was studied. Carrot samples were stored for 7 days at 5 °C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microwaving of fresh-cut carrots reduced the initial respiration rate (8.6 CO2 mL kg(-1) h(-1)) by 55-74% compared with untreated samples, although the rates then increased during storage. The initial pH (6.7), titratable acidity (0.036%), soluble solid content (8.2 °Brix) and shelf-life of the samples did not differ greatly from those of the untreated samples. Microwaving prevented the incipient whitening and surface dryness during storage. In general, no significant changes in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity (5.5 µmol t-cinnamic acid kg(-1) h(-1)), total phenolics (TP, 81.3 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent kg(-1) fresh weight (FW)) or total antioxidant capacity (TAC, 74.2 µmol Trolox equivalent kg(-1) FW) were observed on the processing day or over storage. However, the mildest treatment (750 W for 45 s) caused TP and TAC enhancements of 118 and 394% respectively after 7 days of shelf-life. Microwave treatments reduced the initial microbial loads of the samples by up to 1.8 log units, although their microbial growth was greater than that of the untreated samples throughout storage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mild microwave treatments such as 750 W/45 s and 750 W/60 s are a good sustainable alternative to the use of NaOCl; however, combining them with other sanitizing techniques is needed to control microbial growth throughout the shelf-life of fresh-cut carrot slices.
authors.affiliation: Dipto SAFE, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, I-71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Ginés Benito
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Martínez-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Dipto SAFE, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, I-71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Amodio
authors.affiliation: Dipto SAFE, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, I-71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colelli
mesh_terms: D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005511:Food Handling; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008872:Microwaves; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: antioxidant; dielectric heating; minimally fresh processed; phenolics; phenylalanine ammonia lyase; whiteness