title: Long-Term Effect of Four Surgical Periodontal Therapies and One Non-Surgical Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the long term (≥ 2 years) effect of four surgical and non-surgical therapies in treating periodontal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic search of four databases and a hand search of peer-reviewed journals for relevant articles were conducted. Prospective human controlled clinical trials were included that compared surgical therapy to non-surgical therapy in ≥ 10 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis with a follow-up period of ≥ 2 years and that reported change in probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) after the therapy. Random effect meta-analysis was performed to compare the outcome of surgical and non-surgical therapy in shallow, moderate, and deep PD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight human prospective clinical trials were included. In 1- to 3-mm PD, scaling and root planing (SRP), modified Widman flap (MWF), and osseous surgery (OS) resulted in 23.2%, 39.4%, and 61.39% CAL loss, respectively; SRP, MWF, and OS resulted in increased mean PD of 2.5%, 3.3%, and 6.3%, respectively. In 4- to 6-mm PD, SRP, MWF, and OS resulted in 8.4%, 6.5%, and 5.22% CAL gain, respectively; SRP, MWF, and OS resulted in 18.7%, 25.4%, and 30.8% PD reduction, respectively. In PD ≥ 7 mm, SRP, MWF, and OS resulted in 9.8%, 14.2%, and 9.38% CAL gain, respectively; SRP, MWF, and OS resulted in mean PD reduction of 21.6%, 33.1%, and 42.8%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical therapy had significantly more CAL loss than non-surgical therapy in shallow PD. In moderate PD, MWF had significantly more PD reduction than SRP, and there was significantly less CAL gain with surgical therapy. In deep PD, OS had significantly higher PD reduction than SRP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mailoa
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Guo-Hao
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khoshkam
authors.affiliation: A. Alfred Taubman Health Sciences Library, University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacEachern
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Hsun-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Hom-Lay
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000601:surgery*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D057747:Periodontal Debridement / Q000379:methods*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Longitudinal studies; periodontal debridement; periodontitis; review; surgical flaps; systematic root planing