title: Effects of ractopamine and arginine dietary supplementation for sows on growth performance and carcass quality of their progenies.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ractopamine (Rac) and Arg fed to pregnant sows from d 25 to 53 of gestation on fetal muscle development as well as the performance and carcass characteristics of the progeny. One hundred sows were divided into 4 treatments including a control diet, the control plus 1% Arg, the control plus 20 mg/kg Rac, and the control diet supplemented with both additives at the same levels as those used separately. During the farrowing process the data evaluated were the weight of placenta to calculate the placental efficiency and the number of piglets born alive, stillborn, and mummified. To evaluate the fiber number and area, 12 male piglets from each treatment were euthanized to harvest semitendinosus muscle. During the lactation, the preweaning mortality, weaned weights, and number of piglets weaned per litter were evaluated. After weaning, the pig performance was evaluated until the slaughter following the sow treatment. At end of finishing phase, 1 male pig of each treatment replicate was selected to evaluation the carcass and pork quality. All variables measured were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and least squares means were compared using the Tukey test with P < 0.05. The control diet + supplementation of 1.0% of L-Arg + 20 mg/kg of ractopamine HCl from d 25 to 53 of gestation (Arg+Rac) treatment had a greater number of stillborn piglets (P = 0.014) than the control group. Piglet birth weights from sows fed Rac were 11% greater (P = 0.031) than those of piglets of the control treatment. The semitendinosus muscle fiber diameters of piglets at birth from sows that received Arg, Rac, and Arg+Rac were greater (P < 0.0001) than those of control piglets, and as consequence, the fiber number per square millimeter decreased (P < 0.0001). The final nursery BW of progeny from sows fed Arg and Rac individually were greater (P = 0.010) than those of progeny of the control group. At 110 d of age, in the beginning of the finisher 1 phase, pigs from Arg-fed sows were 1.9 kg heavier (P = 0.010) than pigs from the Arg+Rac-fed sows. The HCW were 2.97 and 1.64 kg heavier (P < 0.0001) for progeny of the Arg and Rac sows, respectively, compared with those of progeny of the control. In conclusion, the trial showed that the use of Rac for gestating sows increased the piglets' weight at birth. The size of muscular fiber was increased in the semitendinosus muscle of piglets originating from sows receiving Rac or Arg. However, the combination of both compounds did not have an additive effect in comparison with the control treatment but increased the stillbirth number.
authors.forename: C A P
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Garbossa
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Carvalho Júnior
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Schinckel
authors.forename: M L T
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Cantarelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000254:growth & development*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D010627:Phenethylamines; C060897:ractopamine; D001120:Arginine