title: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Users of a Hormonal Vaginal Ring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are a well-established precipitant of thrombosis. The local release of hormone from the vaginal ring still results in systemic administration and therefore predisposes users to increased risk of venous thrombosis. Although representing only 1% of strokes, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is eight times more likely in women taking OCPs than in nonusers, and the incidence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with the vaginal ring is unknown but is likely to be increased.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report four cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in women using hormonal vaginal rings with negative thrombophilia testing who presented to our facility over a 2-year period. Three of the four women required mechanical thrombectomy in addition to anticoagulation, but all four women recovered and were discharged home with minimal or no neurologic deficits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased recognition of the thrombogenic potential of hormonal vaginal rings may promote earlier venous imaging and result in better clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kenmuir
authors.forename: Tudor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jovin
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jadhav
mesh_terms: D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020225:Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult