title: Designing of potential inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus sortase A: Combined analogue and structure based approach with in vitro validation.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus sortase A is an attractive target of Gram-positive bacteria that plays a crucial role in anchoring of surface proteins to peptidoglycan present in bacterial cell wall. Inhibiting sortase A is an elementary and essential effort in preventing the pathogenesis. In this context, in silico virtual screening of in-house database was performed using ligand based pharmacophore model as a filter. The developed pharmacophore model AAHR 11 consists of two acceptors, one hydrophobic and one ring aromatic feature. Top ranked molecule KKR1 was docked into the active site of the target. After profound analysis, it was analyzed and optimized based on the observations from its binding pose orientation. Upgraded version of KKR1 was KKR2 and has improved docking score, binding interactions and best fit in the binding pocket. KKR1 along with KKR2 were further validated using 100 ns molecular dynamic studies. Both KKR1 and KKR2 contain Indole-thiazolidine moiety and were synthesized. The disk diffusion assay has good initial results (ZI of KKR1, KKR2 were 24, 38 mm at 10 μg/mL and ZI of Ampicillin was 22 at 10 μg/mL) and calculated MICs of the molecules (KKR1 5.56±0.28 μg/mL, KKR2 1.32±0.12 μg/mL, Ampicillin 8±1.1 μg/mL) were in good agreement with standard drug Ampicillin. KKR1 has shown IC50 of 1.23±0.14 μM whereas the optimized lead molecule KKR2 show IC50 of 0.008±0.07 μM. Results from in silico were validated by in vitro studies and proved that indole-thiazolidine molecules would be useful for future development as lead molecules against S. aureus sortase A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522 510, India.
authors.forename: K Kranthi
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, K L E F University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur (Dt.), 522 502 Guntur, AP, India.
authors.forename: Veeramachaneni
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ganesh Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, K L E F University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur (Dt.), 522 502 Guntur, AP, India.
authors.forename: Chalasani
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leela Madhuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, K L E F University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur (Dt.), 522 502 Guntur, AP, India.
authors.forename: Pardhasaradhi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, K L E F University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur (Dt.), 522 502 Guntur, AP, India.
authors.forename: Ravulapati
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durga Lakshmi
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Division, Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522 510, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sri Ramudu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid 521 201 AP, India.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Venkata Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522 510, India. Electronic address: dittakavirc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019881:Aminoacyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D001665:Binding Sites; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D015195:Drug Design; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008958:Models, Molecular; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D053778:Thiazolidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007211:Indoles; D008024:Ligands; D053778:Thiazolidines; D000667:Ampicillin; D019881:Aminoacyltransferases; C120542:sortase A; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases
keywords: Indole; Pharmacophore modeling; Staphylococcus aureus sortase A; Thiazolidine; Virtual screening