title: An 11-year-old boy with silico-tuberculosis attributable to secondary exposure to sandstone mining in central India.
abstract: Silicosis from secondary exposure is not often reported. This is the first such report of a child with possible silicosis attributable to secondary exposure to sandstone mining in India. Silicosis from secondary exposure has been reported in the gem polishing and slate pencil manufacturing industries in India; however, the stone-mining industry is severely under-researched. No preventive measures have been instituted in the stone-mining industry and children are exposed to respirable silica dust when their mothers take them to their work places. Poverty and lack of accessibility to modern medical facilities promote malnutrition and tuberculosis, two known co-morbid conditions. Stone mining, an export-oriented industry, produces billions of dollars of foreign currency every year. Although there is legislation to protect workers from exploitation, employers disregard the law and the state turns a blind eye by not implementing proper enforcement mechanisms. Silicosis from environmental exposure affects the entire community that lives in stone-mining areas.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Epidemiology (NIE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murlidhar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004391:Dust; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D008906:Mining; D012829:Silicosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust