title: Assessment of early therapeutic response to sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma xenografts by dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) in monitoring early therapeutic response to sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) xenograft models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sorafenib (40 mg kg(-1)) was administered orally to BALB/c nude mice (n = 9) bearing subcutaneous tumours of human RCC ACHN xenografts. DCE-MRI and DWI were obtained 0, 1, 3 and 7 days after therapy, and DCE-MRI parameters (K(trans) and ve) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated. Tumour size and volume changes were correlated with changes in DCE-MRI parameters or ADC values after therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following therapy, K(trans) showed a significant decrease over time (p = 0.005), whereas ve did not demonstrate significant changes between time points (p = 0.97). ADC values showed a progressive increase over time (p = 0.004). Compared with pre-therapy, K(trans) showed a significant decrease after 3 days of therapy (p = 0.039), and ADC values increased significantly after 7 days (p = 0.039). Tumour size and volume did not show significant changes during 7 days. Tumour size and volume changes were not associated with changes in DCE-MRI parameters or ADC values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DCE-MRI and DWI may show early physiological changes within 1 week after initiating sorafenib treatment on human RCC xenografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI and DWI may offer the potential for assessing early therapeutic response to sorafenib in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|2 Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Radiology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Radiology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000077157:Sorafenib; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib