title: The spontaneous arterial blood pressure rise after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage - a biphasic phenomenon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A spontaneous blood pressure (BP) rise is frequently observed after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The current study was designed to characterize the time course of this BP rise and its relation to clinical and radiological parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diastolic (DBP), mean (MAP), and systolic (SBP) BP values were determined in 61 aSAH patients from day 0 to 9. The patient's initial status was evaluated by the world federation of neurological surgeons scale and the Hijdra scale. The clinical outcome was quantified by the modified Rankin Scale, the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended, and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. The degree of proximal and global vasospasm was calculated by comparison of the baseline angiography on day 0 and the control angiography on day 8. Furthermore, the influence of propofol and norepinephrine application was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DBP, MAP, and SBP demonstrated an early rise in all patients from day 2 till 5 (p<0.001) and remained hypertensive until day 9. No significant correlation could be detected between this early BP rise and most clinical and radiological variables. From day 8 onwards, a divergence of the SBP courses was detected between patients with severe vs. non-severe global vasospasm. There was a secondary, norepinephrine independent SBP rise in patients with severe global vasospasm that significantly correlated with the initial Hijdra-scale and an unfavorable clinical outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate a biphasic BP course with a uniform early BP rise in all patients and an additional delayed SBP rise in patients with severe global vasospasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschafts-Krankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: johann.fontana@kk-bochum.de.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Paracelsus Clinics, Am Natruper Holz 69, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany. Electronic address: johannscharf@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: christel.weiss@medma.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiß
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschafts-Krankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: kirsten.schmieder@kk-bochum.de.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmieder
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschafts-Krankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: martin.barth@kk-bochum.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Arterial blood pressure; Cerebral vasospasm; Subarachnoid hemorrhage