title: The association of depression and anxiety with dental caries and periodontal disease among Finnish adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association of depression and anxiety with two oral health outcomes, dental caries and periodontal disease and assess possible mediators for any of the associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of the Finnish Health 2000 Survey. Depression was assessed with Beck's Depression Inventory and anxiety with Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Number of decayed teeth included carious lesions reaching dentine; periodontal disease was number of teeth with periodontal pockets of 4 mm or deeper. Third molars were excluded. The association of mental disorders and oral health was tested in regression models adjusted for confounders and potential mediators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression was associated with number of decayed teeth only among 35- to 54-year-olds. The association between anxiety and the number of decayed teeth was not statistically significant. Depression and periodontal pocketing were not significantly associated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression was significantly associated with number of decayed teeth only among participants aged 35-54 old and not with other age groups. Neither depression nor anxiety was significantly related to periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elsa K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Delgado-Angulo
authors.affiliation: Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sabbah
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, (THL), Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland.|Department of Oral Public Health, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Public Health, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Miira M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vehkalahti
authors.affiliation: Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knuuttila
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1951-2455
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Partonen
authors.affiliation: Department for Social and Health Services, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordblad
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aubrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheiham
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsakos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: anxiety; dental caries; depression; mediators; oral health-related behaviours; periodontal disease