title: Modulation of stimulus-induced 20-Hz activity for the tongue and hard palate during tongue movement in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modulation of 20-Hz activity in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) may be important for oral functions. Here, we show that 20-Hz event-related desynchronization/synchronization (20-Hz ERD/ERS) is modulated by sensory input and motor output in the oral region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic 20-Hz activity was recorded following right-sided tongue stimulation during rest (Rest) and self-paced repetitive tongue movement (Move). To exclude proprioception effects, 20-Hz activity induced by right-sided hard palate stimulation was also recorded. The 20-Hz activity in the two conditions was compared via temporal spectral evolution analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  20-Hz ERD/ERS was detected over bilateral temporoparietal areas in the Rest condition for both regions. Moreover, 20-Hz ERS was significantly suppressed in the Move condition for both regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of 20-Hz ERD/ERS during the Rest condition for both regions suggests that the SM1 functional state may be modulated by oral stimulation, with or without proprioceptive effects. Moreover, the suppression of 20-Hz ERS for the hard palate during the Move condition suggests that the stimulation-induced functional state of SM1 may have been modulated by the movement, even though the movement and stimulation areas were different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sensorimotor function of the general oral region may be finely coordinated through 20-Hz cortical oscillation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan. Electronic address: maezawa@den.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maezawa
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000502:physiology*; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Event-related desynchronization; Event-related synchronization; MEG; Magnetoencephalography; Oral function; Temporal spectral evolution