title: Nitric Oxide, Inflammation, Lipid Profile, and Cortisol in Normal- and Overweight Women With Fibromyalgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research has identified many factors associated with fibromyalgia (FM), but findings have been inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate changes in levels of nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and cortisol in normal- and overweight patients with FM and controls. Since most patients with FM are overweight, we explored possible changes in these markers according to body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This preliminary study was performed on serum samples of women with FM and age-matched controls, grouped according to their BMI: 12 normal-weight patients and 12 controls and 13 overweight patients and 8 controls. Ozone-based chemiluminescence assay was used to measure NO. Inflammatory mediators and cortisol were determined by immunoassay. Lipid profile was measured by a spectrophotometric procedure. Functional capacity was assessed by the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal-weight patients showed higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and apolipoprotein B compared to controls (both p < .05). CRP, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides were higher in overweight patients versus overweight controls (all p < .05) and in overweight versus normal-weight patients (CRP p < .01; apolipoprotein B, triglycerides p < .05). The other markers were unaffected. Apolipoprotein B (r = .762; p < .05) and NO (r = -.921; p < .05) levels correlated with FIQ score in normal-weight patients. CRP level correlated with FIQ (r = .912; p < .05) in overweight patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRP and apolipoprotein B, biomarkers linked to cardiovascular events, may be associated with FM-related dysfunction in normal- and overweight women with FM. Their increased levels in these patients may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain mrus@ujaen.es.
authors.forename: Alma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rus
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analyses, Ciudad de Jaén Hospital, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gassó
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analyses, Ciudad de Jaén Hospital, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Peinado
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: del Moral
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: C-reactive protein; apolipoprotein B; fibromyalgia; overweight