title: Analysis of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Wild Blackberry Fruits.
abstract: Twenty three different wild blackberry fruit samples were assessed regarding their phenolic profiles and contents (by LC/MS quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) and antioxidant activity (ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)) by two different extraction methods. Thirty four phenolic compounds were detected (8 anthocyanins, 15 flavonols, 3 hydroxycinnamic acids, 6 ellagic acid derivatives and 2 flavones). In samples, where pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was used for extraction, a greater increase in yields of phenolic compounds was observed, especially in ellagic acid derivatives (max. 59%), flavonols (max. 44%) and anthocyanins (max. 29%), than after extraction by the ultrasonic technique extraction (UAE) method. The content of phenolic compounds was significantly correlated with the antioxidant activity of the analyzed samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the PLE method was more suitable for the quantitative extraction of flavonols, while the UAE method was for hydroxycinnamic acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 51-630, Poland. jan.oszmianski@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oszmiański
authors.affiliation: Department of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 51-630, Poland. paulina.nowicka@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nowicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 51-630, Poland. miroslawa.teleszko@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Mirosława
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teleszko
authors.affiliation: Department of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 51-630, Poland. aneta.wojdylo@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wojdyło
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów 35-601, Poland. tomcel@univ.rzeszow.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cebulak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów 35-601, Poland. koklej@univ.rzeszow.pl.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oklejewicz
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D065856:Rubus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004610:Ellagic Acid
keywords: extraction methods; phenolic compounds; pressurized liquid extraction; ultrasound-assisted extraction; wild blackberry