title: Neuroprotective mechanism of losartan and its interaction with nimesulide against chronic fatigue stress.
abstract: Potential role of angiotensin-II and cyclooxygenase have been suggested in the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue stress. The present study has been designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of losartan and its interaction with nimesulide against chronic fatigue stress and related complications in mice. In the present study, male Laca mice (20-30 g) were subjected to running wheel activity test session (RWATS) for 6 min daily for 21 days. Losartan, nimesulide and their combinations were administered daily for 21 days, 45 min before being subjected to RWATS. Various behavioral and biochemical and neuroinflammatory mediators were assessed subsequently. 21 days RWATS treatment significantly decreased number of wheel rotations/6 min indicating fatigue stress like behaviors as compared to naive group. 21 days treatment with losartan (10 and 20 mg/kg, ip), nimesulide (5 and 10 mg/kg, po) and their combinations significantly improved behavior [increased number of wheel rotations, reversal of post-exercise fatigue, locomotor activity, antianxiety-like behavior (number of entries, latency to enter and time spent in mirror chamber), and memory performance (transfer latency in plus-maze performance task)], biochemical parameters (reduced serum corticosterone, brain lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity, restored reduced glutathione levels and catalase activity) as compared to RWATS control. Besides, TNF-α, CRP levels were significantly attenuated by these drugs and their combinations as compared to control. The present study highlights the role of cyclooxygenase modulation in the neuroprotective effect of losartan against chronic fatigue stress-induced behavioral, biochemical and cellular alterations in mice.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. kumaruips@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
authors.forename: Barinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
authors.forename: Jitendriya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
authors.forename: Sangeeta Pilkhwal
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
authors.forename: Raghavender
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pottabathini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione; D019808:Losartan; C012655:nimesulide
keywords: Fatigue; Losartan; Oxidative damage; RWATS; Stress