title: The Efficacy of Two Intravenous Sedative Drugs in Management of Uncooperative Children for Dental Treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some children do not show an appropriate cooperation with their dentist. A number of them cannot be managed by local anesthesia and the usual techniques used to control behaviors, so further steps are required to control their pain and anxiety. Pharmaceutical control is recommended through sedation or general anesthesia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was aimed to evaluate two groups of drugs in intravenous sedation method.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this clinical trial intervention study, patients were randomly divided into two groups of 18 and 20 and each group received either intravenous midazolam-ketamine or midazolam-fentanyl. During the procedure, 0.25mg midazolam was administered to both groups if needed. The scores of intraoperative sedation and operation conditions were evaluated and recorded by dental sedation teacher groups (DSTG) system in the 10(th), 20(th), 30(th) and 40(th) minutes of the operation. The results were analyzed by SPSS (version 16) using independent T-test, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Pearson Chi-Square tests as appropriated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the two groups in sedation period (p= 0.55), recovery time (p= 0.18), Frankl score (p= 0.83(, score of intraoperative sedation and operating conditions (p> 0.05), and sedation complications (p= 0.612). In addition, no complication occurred in recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant difference between the two drug groups; both were appropriate in controlling children's behavior.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Torabinejad Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaviani
authors.affiliation: Dentist, Graduated of Dental School, Dept. of Pediatric, School of Dentistry, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran;
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashrafi
authors.affiliation: Pedodontist, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran;
authors.forename: Seyed Ebrahim
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jabbarifar
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran;
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
keywords: Fentanyl; Intravenous Sedation; Ketamine; Midazolam; Uncooperative Children