title: Generation of Cynomolgus Monkey Chimeric Fetuses using Embryonic Stem Cells.
abstract: Because of their similarity to humans, non-human primates are important models for studying human disease and developing therapeutic strategies. Establishment of chimeric animals using embryonic stem cells (ESCs) could help with these investigations, but has not so far been achieved. Here, we show that cynomolgus monkey ESCs (cESCs) grown in adjusted culture conditions are able to incorporate into host embryos and develop into chimeras with contribution in all three germ layers and in germ cell progenitors. Under the optimized culture conditions, which are based on an approach developed previously for naive human ESCs, the cESCs displayed altered growth properties, gene expression profiles, and self-renewal signaling pathways, suggestive of an altered naive-like cell state. Thus our findings show that it is feasible to generate chimeric monkeys using ESCs and open up new avenues for the use of non-human primate models to study both pluripotency and human disease.
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Yongchang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Yuyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Yanjiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Zongyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Si
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
authors.forename: Xueshan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: qzhou@ioz.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. Electronic address: wji@kbimed.com.
authors.forename: Weizhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science and Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. Electronic address: litq@kbimed.com.
authors.forename: Tianqing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000196:embryology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009028:Morula / Q000166:cytology; D011247:Pregnancy; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D059467:Transcriptome; D018183:Transplantation Chimera / Q000196:embryology*