title: Recovery of kraft lignin from pulping wastewater via emulsion liquid membrane process.
abstract: Kraft lignin (KL) is a renewable source of many valuable intermediate biochemical products currently derived from petroleum. An excessive of lignin comes from pulping wastewater caused an adverse pollution problems hence affecting human and aquatic life. A comprehensive study pertaining to emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) extraction of lignin from pulping wastewater was presented. ELM formulation contains Aliquat 336 as carrier, kerosene as diluent, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) as stripping agent and Span 80 as surfactant. The emulsion stability was investigated at different surfactant concentrations, homogenizer speed and emulsification time. Modifier (2-ethyl-1-hexanol) was added to avoid segregation of third phase while improving the emulsion stability. At optimum conditions, 95% and 56% of lignin were extracted and recovered, respectively at 10 min of extraction time, 0.007 M of Aliquat 336, 0.1 M of NaHCO3 and 1:5 of treat ratio. Additional of modifier was contributed to highest recovery up to 98%. The ELM process was found to be equally feasible and quite effective in the recovery of KL from real pulping wastewater. Therefore, ELM process provides a promising alternative technology to recover KL from pulping wastewater while solving the environmental problems simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zing-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norlisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harruddin
authors.affiliation: Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Insititute for Scientific and Industrial Research (IBNU SINA ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.|Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norasikin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Othman
mesh_terms: D004655:Emulsions; D000441:Hexanols / Q000737:chemistry; D006601:Hexoses / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008031:Lignin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D000441:Hexanols; D006601:Hexoses; D008031:Lignin; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D062065:Wastewater; C018665:sorbitan monooleate; C076151:Kraft lignin; C034017:2-ethylhexanol
keywords: emulsion liquid membrane; kraft lignin; pulping wastewater; recovery