title: Ataxia-Telangiectasia and RAD3-Related and Ataxia-Telangiectasia-Mutated Proteins in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma: Their Expression and Clinical Significance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression patterns of the key DNA damage response-related proteins, ataxia-telangiectasia and tfiih/ner complex atp-dependent 5'-3' dna helicase subunit rad3 (RAD3)-related (ATR) and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) proteins in ovarian cancer are not well-known. This study aimed to evaluate the expressions of ATR and ATM proteins, and to investigate their clinical significance in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expressions of nuclear/cytoplasmic Ser428-phosphorylated ATR (p-ATR) and Ser1981-phosphorylated ATM (p-ATM) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 100 patients with EOC. The clinical significances of p-ATR and p-ATM protein expression were evaluated in terms of tumor progression and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low expression of cytoplasmic p-ATR was significantly associated with advanced stage, serous histology, large residual mass, and high preoperative serum CA125 level. Univariate survival analysis revealed that low expression of cytoplasmic p-ATR protein was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival and poor overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that cytoplasmic ATR protein might serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients with EOC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Banghyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul-si, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Yon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kidong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: No
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Haeryoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea ybkimlh@snubh.org.
authors.forename: Yong-Beom
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001260:Ataxia Telangiectasia / Q000378:metabolism*; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; C451759:MUC16 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
keywords: DNA damage response-related proteins; immunohistochemistry; ovarian cancer; prognosis