title: Acute behavioural disturbance associated with phenibut purchased via an internet supplier.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toxicity from recreational substances marketed for other purposes is a well-documented clinical entity. We present two cases of phenibut toxicity procured via the internet.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) having used phenibut the prior day. The main finding was a decreased level of consciousness, however when roused she became delirious. Supportive care only was required with no specific intervention. The patient made a full recovery over a 24-hour period and admitted to use of phenibut purchased online. Plasma phenibut concentration was 29.7 μg/ml. A 38-year-old male presented to ED with an agitated delirium. The prior evening he had used tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, alcohol and phenibut, the latter purchased via the internet. His behavioural state had a suboptimal response to parenteral sedation. He was subsequently intubated for airway protection in the context of ongoing sedation to optimally manage his behavioural state. Post extubation the next morning he admitted using phenibut. Plasma phenibut concentration was 36.5 μg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altered mental status was the predominant manifestation of phenibut toxicity in these cases. Clinicians to be aware of how phenibut toxicity may present as the internet has widened access to such substances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Calvary Mater Newcastle , Waratah, New South Wales , Australia.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Downes
authors.forename: Ingrid L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Berling
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mostafa
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grice
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Geoffrey K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Isbister
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003693:Delirium / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D055815:Young Adult; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning
chemical_list: D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D013759:Dronabinol; C008842:4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid
keywords: Internet; Phenibut; Poisoning; Toxicity