title: Biomechanical comparison of traditional anchors to all-suture anchors in a double-row rotator cuff repair cadaver model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To further reduce the invasiveness of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery the all-suture anchor has been developed. The all-suture anchor requires less bone removal and reduces the potential of loose body complications. The all-suture anchor must also have adequate biomechanical strength for the repair to heal. The hypothesis is there is no significant difference in the biomechanical performance of supraspinatus repairs using an all-suture anchor when compared to traditional solid-body suture anchors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using nine shoulders per group, the supraspinatus tendon was dissected from the greater tuberosity. The four different double row repairs tested were (medial row/lateral row): A: ICONIX2/ICONIX2; B: ICONIX2/Stryker ReelX 3.9mm; C: ICONIX2/Stryker ReelX 4.5mm; D: Arthrex BioComposite CorkScrew FT 4.5mm/Arthrex BioComposite SwiveLock 4.75mm. The ICONIX2 was the only all-suture anchor tested. Tendons underwent cyclic loading from 10 to 100N for 500 cycles, followed by load-to-failure. Data was collected at cycles 5, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to assess significance (P≤0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anchor combinations tested did not differ significantly in anterior (P>0.4) or posterior (P>0.3) gap formation, construct stiffness (P>0.7), ultimate load (P=0.06), or load to 5mm gap formation (P=0.84).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The all-suture anchor demonstrated comparable biomechanical performance in multiple double-row anchor combinations to a combination of traditional solid-body anchors. Thus it may be an attractive option to further reduce the invasiveness of rotator cuff repairs.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, 13001 E. 17th Place, MS F432, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goschka
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, 13001 E. 17th Place, MS F432, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hafer
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, 13001 E. 17th Place, MS F432, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Kirk A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, 13001 E. 17th Place, MS F432, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Aberle
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, 13001 E. 17th Place, MS F432, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Electronic address: Todd.Baldini@UCDenver.edu.
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Baldini
authors.affiliation: Stryker Sports Medicine, 325 Corporate Drive, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA.
authors.forename: Monica J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, 13001 E. 17th Place, MS F432, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: McCarty
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001178:Arthroplasty; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D053441:Suture Anchors; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing
keywords: Arthroscopy; Biomechanics; Rotator cuff; Shoulder; Suture anchor