title: Color Tuning in Red/Green Cyanobacteriochrome AnPixJ: Photoisomerization at C15 Causes an Excited-State Destabilization.
abstract: Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are cyanobacterial phytochrome-like photoreceptors that carry a single or several GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase/adenylyl cyclase/FhlA) domains in a repetitive manner. Unlike phytochromes that photoswitch between red-absorbing 15Z Pr and far-red-absorbing 15E Pfr states, CBCRs exhibit a much wider spectral activity. One of the best-characterized CBCRs, the phototaxis regulator PixJ of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, AnPixJ can adopt two thermally stable photoreversible states, a red-absorbing dark state (Pr) and a green-absorbing photoproduct (Pg). Cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy on AnPixJ assembled in vitro with uniformly (13)C- and (15)N-labeled phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore identifies changes of the electronic structure of the chromophore between the two states. Results are compared with the data from red- and far-red-absorbing forms of the complete sensory module of cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1 aiming at a conceptual understanding of the distinct photoproduct (Pg vs Pfr) absorbances upon Pr photoconversion. The PCB chromophore in the Pr state of both photosensors exhibits very similar spectral features. The photoconversion of Cph1 and the red/green switching AnPixJ C15-Z/E photoisomerization result in a very similar chemical-shift difference (Δδ) pattern having, however, opposite sign. The persistence of this pattern confirms the identity of the photochemical isomerization process, while the difference in its sign demonstrates that the same electronic factors drive into opposite direction. It is proposed that the LUMO energy of the 15E photoproduct is stabilized in Cph1 but destabilized in AnPixJ leading to opposite color shifts upon phototransformation.
authors.affiliation: †Leids Instituut voor Chemisch Onderzoek, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.|‡Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: §Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.|∥Graduate School of Art and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.|⊥Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narikawa
authors.affiliation: §Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.|#Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeuchi
authors.affiliation: ∇Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gärtner
authors.affiliation: †Leids Instituut voor Chemisch Onderzoek, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.|‡Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matysik
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D020283:Photoreceptors, Microbial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010858:Pigmentation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D055550:Protein Stability; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020283:Photoreceptors, Microbial; D010834:Phytochrome