title: Value of the Nottingham Histological Grading Parameters and Nottingham Prognostic Index in Canine Mammary Carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the past decade, the human Nottingham histological grade (NHG) has been applied to canine mammary carcinomas (CMC). The Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) enables identification of more aggressive human breast cancer. The prognostic value of grading parameters and NPI has never been detailed in CMC. The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of NHG, its parameters and NPI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of NHG, its parameters and NPI in a cohort of 59 dogs with CMC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short disease-free interval and overall survival were associated with higher NHG, particularly of grade III. Only high nuclear pleomorphism score was significantly associated with poor survival. NPI exhibited a strong predictive value for disease progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NHG, nuclear pleomorphism and NPI have prognostic value in CMC. Nuclear pleomorphism is an independent prognostic factor. Evaluation of nuclear pleomorphism should be included in routine pathology reports.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS-UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Research Unit, Future Farming Systems, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness, U.K.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Correia-Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS-UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS-UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Animal Science and Study Central, Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Matos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS-UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS-UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal pdiaspereira@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dias-Pereira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000473:pathology*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Canine mammary tumors; Nottingham histological grade; prognosis; survival