title: New insights on the viral and host factors contributing to the airway pathogenesis caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.
abstract: The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most prevalent etiological agent of lower respiratory tract infections and the first cause of hospitalization in infants due to respiratory disease worldwide. However, efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines and antivirals have been challenged by an incomplete understanding of the RSV pathogenesis and the host immune response to RSV infection in the airways. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the interaction between RSV and the epithelium to induce pathogenesis in the airways, such as the role of the RSV NS2 protein in the airway epithelium, as well as the events involved in the RSV entry process. In addition, we summarize the cellular factors produced by airway epithelial cells (AECs) in response to RSV infection that lead to the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses, inducing lung inflammation and disease. Further, we discuss the possible contribution of a recently identified cytokine, thymic stromal lymphopoitein (TSLP), in the lung immunopathology caused by RSV.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile .
authors.forename: Margarita K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lay
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile .|b INSERM U1064 , Nantes , France .
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile .
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gálvez
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina , Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Farmacología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andrés Bello , Santiago , Chile , and.
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile .|b INSERM U1064 , Nantes , France .|d Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Alexis M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kalergis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Airways; TSLP; nonstructural protein 2; respiratory syncytial virus; viral entry