title: Accuracy of digital American Board of Orthodontics Discrepancy Index measurements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A digital analysis that is shown to be accurate will ease the demonstration of initial case complexity. To date, no literature exists on the accuracy of the digital American Board of Orthodontics Discrepancy Index (DI) calculations when applied to pretreatment digital models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plaster models were obtained from 45 previous patients with varying degrees of malocclusion. Total DI scores and the target disorders were computed manually with a periodontal probe on the original plaster casts (gold standard) and digitally using Ortho Insight 3D (Motion View Software, Hixson, Tenn) and OrthoCAD (Cadent, Carlstadt, NJ). Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were assessed for 15 subjects using the Spearman rho correlation test. Accuracies of the DI scores and target disorders were assessed for all 45 subjects using Wilcoxon signed ranks tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were high for total DI scores and most target disorders (r > 0.8). No significant difference was found between total DI score when measured with OrthoCAD compared with manual calculations. The total DI scores calculated by Ortho Insight 3D were found to be significantly greater than those by manual calculation by 2.71 points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that a DI calculated by Ortho Insight 3D may lead the clinician to overestimate case complexity. OrthoCAD's DI module was demonstrated to be a clinically acceptable alternative to manual calculation of the total scores.
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dragstrem
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Maria Therese S
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Galang-Boquiren
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obrez
authors.affiliation: Statistician, Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Maria Grace
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Costa Viana
authors.affiliation: Emeriti, American Board of Orthodontics, Chula Vista, Calif.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Grubb
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Electronic address: bkusno1@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Budi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kusnoto
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000145:classification; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D015588:Observer Variation; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States