title: Human T-lymphotropic virus type I proviral loads in patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: Comparison between cutaneous type and other subtypes.
abstract: Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), characterized by various clinicopathological features, is divided into four clinical subtypes, namely, acute, lymphoma, chronic and smoldering types, and the treatment strategy differs according to the clinical subtype. The designation cutaneous type ATL has been proposed to describe a peculiar subgroup of smoldering type ATL in which the skin is predominantly affected. However, diagnostic criteria and prognostic factors for cutaneous type ATL remain to be determined. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study to obtain a precise method for subtype classification and to clearly define cutaneous type ATL. A total of 87 ATL patients (acute, n = 31; lymphoma, n = 6; chronic, n = 24; smoldering, n = 26) were enrolled. The human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) proviral load in peripheral blood and the serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level were evaluated with respect to the clinical features of the different types of ATL. The HTLV-1 proviral load was significantly increased in the acute and chronic type and the serum sIL-2R level was increased in the acute and lymphoma type. The HTLV-1 proviral load was significantly lower in cutaneous than other smoldering types of ATL without skin lesions. The clinical findings of cutaneous type ATL were also different from other subtypes. These results indicate that, in combination, determination of the HTLV-1 proviral load and the serum sIL-2R level is useful for distinguishing among the different types of ATL, and strongly suggest that cutaneous type ATL is a distinct clinical entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Atae
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshifusa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takatsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Youhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-0713
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanekura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D016410:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011533:Proviruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2
keywords: adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma; cutaneous type; human T-lymphotropic virus 1; human T-lymphotropic virus 1 proviral load; soluble interleukin-2 receptor