title: Amino Acid and Peptide Utilization Profiles of the Fluoroacetate-Degrading Bacterium Synergistetes Strain MFA1 Under Varying Conditions.
abstract: Synergistetes strain MFA1 is an asaccharolytic ruminal bacterium isolated based on its ability to degrade fluoroacetate, a plant toxin. The amino acid and peptide requirements of the bacterium were investigated under different culturing conditions. The growth of strain MFA1 and its fluoroacetate degradation rate were enhanced by peptide-rich protein hydrolysates (tryptone and yeast extract) compared to casamino acid, an amino acid-rich protein hydrolysate. Complete utilization and preference for arginine, asparagine, glutamate, glycine, and histidine as free amino acids from yeast extract were observed, while the utilization of serine, threonine, and lysine in free form and peptide-bound glutamate was stimulated during growth on fluoroacetate. A predominant peptide in yeast extract preferentially utilized by strain MFA1 was partially characterized by high-liquid performance chromatography-mass spectrometry as a hepta-glutamate oligopeptide. Similar utilization profiles of amino acids were observed between the co-culture of strain MFA1 with Methanobrevibacter smithii without fluoroacetate and pure strain MFA1 culture with fluoroacetate. This suggests that growth of strain MFA1 could be enhanced by a reduction of hydrogen partial pressure as a result of hydrogen removal by a methanogen or reduction of fluoroacetate.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.|Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.|Infection and Immunity, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
authors.forename: Lex E X
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-2272
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.
authors.forename: Stuart E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Denman
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hugenholtz
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia. chris.mcsweeney@csiro.au.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: McSweeney
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005463:Fluoroacetates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005463:Fluoroacetates; D010455:Peptides
keywords: Amino acid; Degradation; Fluoroacetate; Synergistetes