title: Monocyte and macrophage plasticity in tissue repair and regeneration.
abstract: Heterogeneity and high versatility are the characteristic features of the cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage. The mononuclear phagocyte system, derived from the bone marrow progenitor cells, is primarily composed of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In regenerative tissues, a central role of monocyte-derived macrophages and paracrine factors secreted by these cells is indisputable. Macrophages are highly plastic cells. On the basis of environmental cues and molecular mediators, these cells differentiate to proinflammatory type I macrophage (M1) or anti-inflammatory or proreparative type II macrophage (M2) phenotypes and transdifferentiate into other cell types. Given a central role in tissue repair and regeneration, the review focuses on the heterogeneity of monocytes and macrophages with current known mechanisms of differentiation and plasticity, including microenvironmental cues and molecular mediators, such as noncoding RNAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Amitava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Mithun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Soma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Motaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abas
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaffee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Chandan K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio. Electronic address: sashwati.roy@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Sashwati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D000066670:Cell Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*