title: Surgical Site Infections Rates in More Than 13,000 Surgical Procedures in Three Cities in Peru: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a threat to patient safety. However, there are not available data on SSI rates stratified by surgical procedure (SP) in Peru.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2005 to December 2010, a cohort prospective surveillance study on SSIs was conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) in four hospitals in three cities of Peru. Data were recorded from hospitalized patients using the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) methods and definitions for SSI. Surgical procedures (SPs) were classified into 4 types, according to ICD-9 criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We recorded 352 SSIs, associated to 13,904 SPs (2.5%; CI, 2.3-2.8) SSI rates per type of SP were the following for this study's Peruvian hospitals, compared with rates of the INICC and CDC-NHSN reports, respectively: 2.9% for appendix surgery (vs. 2.9% vs. 1.4%); 2.8% for gallbladder surgery (vs. 2.5% vs. 0.6%); 2.2% for cesarean section (vs. 0.7% vs. 1.8%); 2.8% for vaginal hysterectomy (vs. 2.0% vs. 0.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our SSIs rates were higher in all of the four analyzed types of SPs compared with CDC-NHSN, whereas compared with INICC, most rates were similar. This study represents an important advance in the knowledge of SSI epidemiology in Peru that will allow us to introduce targeted interventions.
authors.affiliation: 1 Hospital de Emergencias José Casimiro Ulloa , Lima, Peru .
authors.forename: Fernando M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Wong
authors.affiliation: 2 Hospital Regional de Pucallpa , Ucayali, Peru .
authors.forename: Teodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Atencio-Espinoza
authors.affiliation: 3 International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium , Buenos Aires, Argentina .
authors.forename: Victor D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.affiliation: 4 ESSALUD-Red Asistencial ANCASH- Hospital III , Chimbote, Peru .
authors.forename: Eliza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: 5 Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé , Lima, Peru .
authors.forename: Socorro L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Torres-Zegarra
authors.affiliation: 1 Hospital de Emergencias José Casimiro Ulloa , Lima, Peru .
authors.forename: Zoila Rosa
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Díaz Tavera
authors.affiliation: 2 Hospital Regional de Pucallpa , Ucayali, Peru .
authors.forename: Favio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sarmiento López
authors.affiliation: 5 Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé , Lima, Peru .
authors.forename: Nazario
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silva Astete
authors.affiliation: 5 Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé , Lima, Peru .
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos Guevara
authors.affiliation: 5 Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé , Lima, Peru .
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bazan Mendoza
authors.affiliation: 5 Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé , Lima, Peru .
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valencia Ramírez
authors.affiliation: 5 Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé , Lima, Peru .
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soto Pastrana
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*