title: Whole Grain Consumption Increases Gastrointestinal Content of Sulfate-Conjugated Oxylipins in Pigs - A Multicompartmental Metabolomics Study.
abstract: The effects of increased intake of dietary fiber as either whole grain rye or as resistant starch compared to a typical low dietary fiber Western-style diet on the metabolomics responses were studied in gastrointestinal content and tissue, peripheral plasma, and urine using a multicompartmental nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach in pigs. Both unsupervised and supervised multivariate analyses were used to study differences between the intervention groups, revealing significant effects of the dietary intervention on gastrointestinal contents and urine metabolites. Consumption of a diet composed of whole grain rye flakes and enzyme treated wheat bran increased gastrointestinal content of novel sulfate- and acetic acid-conjugated oxylipins, and urinary secretion of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, potential gastrointestinal and urinary biomarkers for consumption of resistant starch, whole grain rye, and a low dietary fiber intake were detected using multiblock analysis. This study provides insight into microbial fermentation products in the gastrointestinal tract and suggests a potential role in sulfate conjugation of metabolites on the bioavailability of ingested nutrients.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne Krog
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ingerslev
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.affiliation: §Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology (IMT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bağcıoğlu
authors.affiliation: §Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology (IMT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432 Ås, Norway.||⊥Nofima AS, Osloveien 1, 1430 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.affiliation: †Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter Kappel
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Theil
authors.affiliation: †Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Knud Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bach Knudsen
authors.affiliation: †Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette Skou
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hedemann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D000067348:Whole Grains
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D054883:Oxylipins; D013431:Sulfates
keywords: arabinoxylan; dietary fiber; metabolomics; oxylipins; resistant starch; sulfate conjugation; whole grain