title: A cultured endophyte community is associated with the plant Clerodendrum inerme and antifungal activity.
abstract: Fungal endophytes live in the inner tissues of Clerodendrum inerme and may be significant resources for new chemicals in drug discovery. A total of 242 endophytic fungi were recovered from 602 sample segments of C. inerme; 66 were purified. The 66 fungi belonging to 16 taxa and 11 genera (Alternaria, Nigrospora, Bartalinia, Pestalotiopsis, Fusarium, Mycoleptodiscus, Trichoderma, Phomopsis, Diaporthe, Lasiodiplodia, and Curvularia) were identified by morphological characteristics and fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences. The most abundant genera were Alternaria and Lasiodiplodia. Some of the endophytes exhibited tissue specificity. The colonization frequencies of endophytes in the stems were evidently higher than those in the roots and leaves. The crude ethyl acetate extracts were tested against 6 endophytes isolated from C. inerme. Three of 10 (33.3%) endophytes, which were identified as Phomopsis sp, Curvularia sp, and Mycoleptodiscus sp, displayed distinct antifungal activity against ≥3 tested fungi. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an endophytic community associated with C. inerme in China and its antifungal activity in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou University, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou University, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou University, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Y Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou University, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou University, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou University, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Q L
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032409:Clerodendrum / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D060026:Endophytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal