title: Rice seed for delivery of vaccines to gut mucosal immune tissues.
abstract: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the biggest lymphoid organ in the body. It plays a role in robust immune responses against invading pathogens while maintaining immune tolerance against nonpathogenic antigens such as foods. Oral vaccination can induce mucosal and systemic antigen-specific immune reactions and has several advantages including ease of administration, no requirement for purification and ease of scale-up of antigen. Thus far, taking advantage of these properties, various plant-based oral vaccines have been developed. Seeds provide a superior production platform over other plant tissues for oral vaccines; they offer a suitable delivery vehicle to GALT due to their high stability at room temperature, ample and stable deposition space, high expression level, and protection from digestive enzymes in gut. A rice seed production system for oral vaccines was established by combining stable deposition in protein bodies or protein storage vacuoles and enhanced endosperm-specific expression. Various types of rice-based oral vaccines for infectious and allergic diseases were generated. Efficacy of these rice-based vaccines was evaluated in animal models.
authors.affiliation: Functional Crop Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takaiwa
authors.affiliation: Functional Crop Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuhya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wakasa
authors.affiliation: Functional Crop Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takachika
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiroi
mesh_terms: D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000378:metabolism*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: allergy vaccine; endoplasmic reticulum; endosperm; oral vaccine; protein body; rice seed