title: Anticancer effect of tectochrysin in colon cancer cell via suppression of NF-kappaB activity and enhancement of death receptor expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flavonoids are a diverse family of natural phenolic compounds commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Epidemiologic studies showed that flavonoids also reduce the risk of colon cancer. Tectochrysin is one of the major flavonoids of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. However, the anti-cancer effects and the molecular mechanisms of tectochrysin in colon cancer cells have not yet been reported. We investigated whether tectochrysin could inhibit colon cancer cell growth at 1, 5, 10 μg/ml. In in vivo study, we injected a tectochrysin treatment dose of 5 mg/kg to each mouse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tectochrysin suppressed the growth of SW480 and HCT116 human colon cancer cells. The expression of DR3, DR4 and Fas were significantly increased, and pro-apoptotic proteins were also increased. Tectochrysin treatment also inhibited activity of NF-κB. A docking model indicated that tectochrysin binds directly to the p50 unit. In in vivo, tumor weights and volumes in mice were reduced when treated with tectochrysin. Tectochrysin leads to apoptotic cell death in colon cancer cells through activation of death receptors expression via the inhibition of NF-κB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tectochrysin can be a useful agent for the treatment of colon cancer cell growth as well as an adjuvant agent for chemo-resistant cancer cells growth.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea. pmh5205@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Mi Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea. hongg7@naver.com.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea. silverfox007@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Eun Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea. naman5@naver.com.
authors.forename: Hee Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea. realize17@naver.com.
authors.forename: Doo Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea. bbyokuk@lgls.com.
authors.forename: Byung Kook
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea. shan@chungbuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA. yham@uvu.edu.
authors.forename: Young Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea. byhwang@chungbuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Bang Yeon
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea. jinthong@chungbuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain / Q000378:metabolism*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C491901:FAS protein, human; D005419:Flavonoids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D019014:fas Receptor; C402729:tectochrysin; D053148:Caspase 3