title: This divided land: An examination of regional inequalities in exposure to brownfield land and the association with morbidity and mortality in England.
abstract: This paper is the first empirical examination of the association between brownfield land and spatial inequalities in health. Linear mixed modelling of ward-level data suggests that there is higher exposure and susceptibility to brownfield land in the Northern compared to the Southern regions (with the exception of London); that brownfield exposure has an association with regional inequalities in mortality and morbidity within regions (particularly in the North West); that brownfield has an association with inequalities between regions (particularly between the North West and the South East); but that brownfield land only makes a small independent contribution to the North-South health divide in England. However, brownfield land could be a potentially important and previously overlooked independent environmental determinant of spatial inequalities in health in England.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health and Inequalities Research, Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. Electronic address: clare.bambra@durham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bambra
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health and Inequalities Research, Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
authors.forename: Joanne Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Stockton on Tees TS17 6BH, UK.
authors.forename: Adetayo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Stockton on Tees TS17 6BH, UK.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D004739:England; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D009026:Mortality; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Deprivation; Environment; Inequality; Neighbourhood; Regeneration