title: Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Development and Myelination in the Central Nervous System.
abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) myelination by oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a highly orchestrated process involving well-defined steps from specification of neural stem cells into proliferative OL precursors followed by terminal differentiation and subsequent maturation of these precursors into myelinating OLs. These specification and differentiation processes are mediated by profound global changes in gene expression, which are in turn subject to control by both extracellular signals and regulatory networks intrinsic to the OL lineage. Recently, basic transcriptional mechanisms that control OL differentiation and myelination have begun to be elucidated at the molecular level and on a genome scale. The interplay between transcription factors activated by differentiation-promoting signals and master regulators likely exerts a crucial role in controlling stage-specific progression of the OL lineage. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the transcription factors and the epigenetic programs including histone methylation, acetylation, chromatin remodeling, micro-RNAs, and noncoding RNAs that regulate development of OLs and myelination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229.
authors.forename: Q Richard
authors.initials: QR
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors