title: Experimental approaches to investigate effector translocation into host cells in the Ustilago maydis/maize pathosystem.
abstract: The fungus Ustilago maydis is a pathogen that establishes a biotrophic interaction with Zea mays. The interaction with the plant host is largely governed by more than 300 novel, secreted protein effectors, of which only four have been functionally characterized. Prerequisite to examine effector function is to know where effectors reside after secretion. Effectors can remain in the extracellular space, i.e. the plant apoplast (apoplastic effectors), or can cross the plant plasma membrane and exert their function inside the host cell (cytoplasmic effectors). The U. maydis effectors lack conserved motifs in their primary sequences that could allow a classification of the effectome into apoplastic/cytoplasmic effectors. This represents a significant obstacle in functional effector characterization. Here we describe our attempts to establish a system for effector classification into apoplastic and cytoplasmic members, using U. maydis for effector delivery.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic Interactions, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic Interactions, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djamei
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic Interactions, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Libera Lo
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Presti
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic Interactions, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic Interactions, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winterberg
authors.affiliation: Molekulare Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amati
authors.affiliation: Molekulare Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Plant Reproductive Biology, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany.
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Büchner
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Plant Reproductive Biology, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumlehn
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic Interactions, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reissmann
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic Interactions, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: kahmann@mpi-marburg.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kahmann
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D014588:Ustilago / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: Apoplastic effector; Biotroph; Cytoplasmic effector; Plant pathogen; Translocation assay; Ustilago maydis