title: Further Validation of the Pillbox Test in a Mixed Clinical Sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this research was to provide further criterion and construct validation of the Pillbox Test, a brief, ecologically valid measure designed to assess executive functioning(EF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 179 older male veterans who completed the Pillbox Test as part of a neuropsychological evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performance on the Pillbox Test differed significantly between patients with and without dementia, with total error scores of ≥ 5 and ≥ 7 showing similar levels of sensitivity and specificity at 67% and at or near 70%, respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that measures of EF predicted performance on the Pillbox Test above and beyond measures of processing speed, but not above and beyond measures in other cognitive domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest the Pillbox Test is a promising new performance-based measure of executive functioning that can discriminate between patients with and without dementia.
authors.affiliation: a Psychology Service , South Texas Veterans Health Care System , San Antonio , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Logue
authors.affiliation: a Psychology Service , South Texas Veterans Health Care System , San Antonio , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marceaux
authors.affiliation: a Psychology Service , South Texas Veterans Health Care System , San Antonio , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balldin
authors.affiliation: a Psychology Service , South Texas Veterans Health Care System , San Antonio , TX , USA.|b Department of Psychiatry , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Robin C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hilsabeck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
keywords: Cognitive impairment/dementia; Executive functioning.; IADLs; Medication management; Validity