title: The impact of lipocalin-type-prostaglandin-D-synthase as a predictor of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Hypertension and diabetes are clinical conditions which contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease as well as risk factors for cardiovascular events. In recent years, lipocalin-type-prostaglandin-D-synthase (beta trace protein; BTP) has increasingly been studied as an alternative to creatinine for the evaluation of renal function as well as for being a possible biomarker for cardiovascular disease. It is expected that the levels of BTP in patients with cardiovascular disease are elevated, as is the case with patients with renal dysfunction. The objective of this study is to realize a systematic review of the pertinent literature in respect to BTP as a biomarker of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients. Using the database MEDLINE, a search up to year 2014 was conducted using the follow descriptors: "lipocalin type prostaglandin d synthase" AND "diabetes"; "lipocalin type prostaglandin d synthase" and "diabetic nephropathy"; "beta trace protein" AND "diabetes"; "beta trace protein" AND "diabetic nephropathy". The criteria used for inclusion were the presence of the referring to terms in title or abstract and study conducted in humans. About 17 articles were selected, of which six articles were duplicates, and of which six articles did not investigate any possible relationship between the protein (BTP) and either diabetes or nephropathy. The final result yielded five articles to be analyzed. This review found BTP is not influenced by race, by body mass index nor by patient's sex. BTP can be considered as a reliable early biomarker of renal dysfunction in diabetics. BTP is associated with metabolic syndrome and is also associated with greater cardiovascular risk. Prospective data establishing a correlation between BTP and mortality would have been of great interest, but such articles were not found in this review.
authors.affiliation: General Practice Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Rodrigues
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bacci
authors.affiliation: General Practice Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Romera
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cavallari
authors.affiliation: Clinical Analysis Laboratory, ABC Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ross Martin
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Rozier-Alves
authors.affiliation: Clinical Analysis Laboratory, ABC Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz da Costa Aguiar
authors.initials: Bda C
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Clinical Analysis Laboratory, ABC Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ; Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Luiz Affonso
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054834:Lipocalins; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022466:prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase
keywords: diabetes predictor; lipocalin-type-prostaglandin-D-synthase; renal lesions; type 2 diabetes