title: The Origin, Expression, Function and Future Research Focus of a G Protein-coupled Receptor, Mas-related Gene X2 (MrgX2).
abstract: Mas-related genes (Mrgs) belong to a large family of G protein-coupled receptor genes found in rodents. Human MRGX proteins are G protein-coupled 7-transmembrane proteins sharing 41-52% amino acid identity with each other, but have no orthologs in rodents. MrgX2 is a member of the MrgX family. MRGX2 is expressed in the small neurons of sensory ganglia and mast cells. It can interact with a series of factors and genes such as the peptides substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cortistatin (CST), proadrenomedullin N-terminal peptide (PAMP), LL-37, PMX-53 and β-defensins. MRGX2 is related to nociception, adrenal gland secretion and mast cell degranulation. Recent research on MrgX2 provides insights into its role in nociception and anti-microbial activities. This article reviewed the origin, expression and function of MrgX2, and discussed possible future research focus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Meiqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Eric Y P
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: wqjiang@szu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: shaou@szu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sha
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003917:Dextrorphan / Q000494:pharmacology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017950:Ganglia, Sensory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C480039:MRGPRX2 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; C099323:cortistatin; D003917:Dextrorphan; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D013373:Substance P; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
keywords: Mas-related gene X2 (MrgX2); dorsal root ganglion (DRG); immunity.; mast cell; nociception