title: Effects of Nanoparticles on the Environment and Outdoor Workplaces.
abstract: Today, most parts of different nanotechnologies are growing and developing without any special rules and regulations. This could result in undesirable changes in the environment and affect workers in indoor and outdoor workplaces. Carbon-based nanoparticles, such as fullerenes, nanotubes, the oxides of metals such as iron and titanium, and natural inorganic compounds, including asbestos and quartz, can have biological effects on the environment and human health. The risk assessment of such nanoparticles requires evaluation of their mobility, reactivity, environmental toxicity, and stability. With the increasing use of nanoparticles for commercial and industrial purposes, the debate becomes whether the numerous benefits of nanoparticles can overcome the economic costs, environmental impacts, and unknown risks resulting from their use. To date, few studies have been conducted on the toxic and environmental effects that result from direct and indirect exposure to nanoparticles, and there are no clear standards to determine their effects. Lack of technical information in this regard has provided an appropriate context for supporters and opponents of nanoparticles to present contradictory and ill-considered results. Such an uncertain atmosphere has caused increased concerns about the effects of nanoparticles. Therefore, adequate studies to determine the exact, real risks of the use of nanoparticles are required. The information resulting from these studies can be useful in minimizing the environmental hazards that could arise from the use of nanoparticles. Thus, this paper briefly explains the classification of environmental nanoparticles and how to deal with their formation, diffusion, environmental fate and impacts, and our exposure to them.
authors.affiliation: M.Sc. of Occupational Health Engineering, Kohgiluye & Boyer Ahmad Health Care Management of Social Security Organization, Yasuj, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Taghavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biodiversity, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdiye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Momenpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azarian
authors.affiliation: Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmadian
authors.affiliation: M.Sc. Student of Medical Physiology, Medicine College, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Faramarz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Souri
authors.affiliation: B.Sc. of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Yasuj Health Center, Yasuj, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Taghavi
authors.affiliation: M.Sc. of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Health, Public Health School, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadeghain
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Public Health School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; Ph.D. Student of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS.IC), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karchani
keywords: Environmental impacts; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology