title: Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction for six inorganic and organic arsenic species in chicken tissues using response surface methodology.
abstract: Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the parameters for microwave-assisted extraction of six major inorganic and organic arsenic species (As(III), As(V), dimethyl arsenic acid, monomethyl arsenic acid, p-arsanilic acid, and roxarsone) from chicken tissues, followed by detection using a high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled mass spectrometry detection method, which allows the simultaneous analysis of both inorganic and organic arsenic species in the extract in a single run. Effects of extraction medium, solution pH, liquid-to-solid ratio, and the temperature and time of microwave-assisted extraction on the extraction of the targeted arsenic species were studied. The optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions were: 100 mg of chicken tissue, extracted by 5 mL of 22% v/v methanol, 90 mmol/L (NH4 )2 HPO4 , and 0.07% v/v trifluoroacetic acid (with pH adjusted to 10.0 by ammonium hydroxide solution), ramping for 10 min to 71°C, and holding for 11 min. The method has good extraction performance for total arsenic in the spiked and nonspiked chicken tissues (104.0 ± 13.8% and 91.6 ± 7.8%, respectively), except for the ones with arsenic contents close to the quantitation limits. Limits of quantitation (S/N = 10) for As(III), As(V), dimethyl arsenic acid, monomethyl arsenic acid, p-arsanilic acid, and roxarsone in chicken tissues using this method were 0.012, 0.058, 0.039, 0.061, 0.102, and 0.240 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.|College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hefa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001147:Arsanilic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000032:analysis; D002101:Cacodylic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D008872:Microwaves; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012406:Roxarsone / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D002101:Cacodylic Acid; D012406:Roxarsone; C020300:monomethylarsonic acid; D001151:Arsenic; D001147:Arsanilic Acid
keywords: Arsenic; Chicken tissue; Microwave-assisted extraction; Response surface methodology; Speciation analysis