title: PillCam COLON 2 in Crohn's disease: A new concept of pan-enteric mucosal healing assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate mucosal healing in patients with small bowel plus colonic Crohn's disease (CD) with a single non-invasive examination, by using PillCam COLON 2 (PCC2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with non-stricturing nonpenetrating small bowel plus colonic CD in sustained corticosteroid-free remission were included. At diagnosis, patients had undergone ileocolonoscopy to identify active CD lesions, such as ulcers and erosions, and small bowel capsule endoscopy to assess the Lewis Score (LS). After ≥ 1 year of follow-up, patients underwent entire gastrointestinal tract evaluation with PCC2. The primary endpoint was assessment of CD mucosal healing, defined as no active colonic CD lesions and LS < 135.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients were included (7 male; mean age: 32 years), and mean follow-up was 38 mo. The majority of patients (83.3%) received immunosuppressive therapy. Three patients (25%) achieved mucosal healing in both the small bowel and the colon, while disease activity was limited to either the small bowel or the colon in 5 patients (42%). It was possible to observe the entire gastrointestinal tract in 10 of the 12 patients (83%) who underwent PCC2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only three patients in sustained corticosteroid-free clinical remission achieved mucosal healing in both the small bowel and the colon, highlighting the limitations of clinical assessment when stratifying disease activity, and the need for pan-enteric endoscopy to guide therapeutic modification.
authors.affiliation: Pedro Boal Carvalho, Bruno Rosa, Francisca Dias de Castro, Maria João Moreira, José Cotter, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boal Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Pedro Boal Carvalho, Bruno Rosa, Francisca Dias de Castro, Maria João Moreira, José Cotter, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Pedro Boal Carvalho, Bruno Rosa, Francisca Dias de Castro, Maria João Moreira, José Cotter, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dias de Castro
authors.affiliation: Pedro Boal Carvalho, Bruno Rosa, Francisca Dias de Castro, Maria João Moreira, José Cotter, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Pedro Boal Carvalho, Bruno Rosa, Francisca Dias de Castro, Maria João Moreira, José Cotter, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cotter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D053705:Capsule Endoscopes; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Capsule endoscopy; Crohn’s disease; Inflammatory bowel disease; Mucosal healing; Small bowel diseases