title: Weight gain and reduced energy expenditure in low-income Brazilian women living in slums: a 4-year follow-up study.
abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the possible changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters in low-income women living in the outskirts of Maceió (northeast Brazil), and to explore the possible role of dietary intake and physical activity in these changes. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in a cohort of mothers of malnourished children who attended the Center for Nutritional Recovery and Education, an outreach programme of the Federal University of Alagoas. Socio-economic, anthropometric, biochemical and dietary intake data were assessed at baseline and after a follow-up period of 4 years. Energy expenditure (using doubly labelled water) and physical activity (using triaxial accelerometers) were assessed only in a subgroup of women after 4 years. A total of eighty-five women were assessed. Participants showed an altered biochemical profile, increased systolic blood pressure, decreased thyroid hormone levels, and body-weight gain. However, dietary intakes of the participants did not include large quantities of highly processed and high-glycaemic index foods. The energy intake of the participants did not differ from their total energy expenditure (7990.3 (7173.7-8806.8) v. 8798.1 (8169.0-9432.4) kJ, respectively; P= 0.084). Multivariate analyses showed a significant effect of time spent watching television (β = 0.639 (0.003 to 1.275); P= 0.048) and dietary diversity score (β = -1.039 ( -2.010 to -0.067); P = 0.036) on weight gain. The present study indicates that poor women, who are mothers of malnourished children and have a reasonably balanced dietary intake, exhibit weight gain and are at risk of developing chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Recuperação e Educação Nutricional, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas,Conjunto Denisson Menezes s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins,57080-000Maceió,AL,Brazil.
authors.forename: Telma M M T
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Florêncio
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo,Rua Botucatu 862, Edificio de Ciências Biomédicas, Vila Clementino 04023-060,São Paulo,SP,Brazil.
authors.forename: Nassib B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Centro de Recuperação e Educação Nutricional, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas,Conjunto Denisson Menezes s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins,57080-000Maceió,AL,Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana P G
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.affiliation: Centro de Recuperação e Educação Nutricional, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas,Conjunto Denisson Menezes s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins,57080-000Maceió,AL,Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana C A
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Centro de Recuperação e Educação Nutricional, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas,Conjunto Denisson Menezes s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins,57080-000Maceió,AL,Brazil.
authors.forename: Revilane P A
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Britto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Médica,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre,Ribeirão Preto,CEP 140499-000,SP,Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferriolli
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo,Rua Botucatu 862, Edificio de Ciências Biomédicas, Vila Clementino 04023-060,São Paulo,SP,Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sawaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D011203:Poverty; D011204:Poverty Areas; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones
keywords: Dietary intake; Energy expenditure; Physical activity; Thyroid hormone; Weight gain