title: Natural and adaptive IgM antibodies in the recognition of tumor-associated antigens of breast cancer (Review).
abstract: For early detection of cancer, education and screening are important, but the most critical factor is the development of early diagnostic tools. Methods that recognize the warning signs of cancer and take prompt action lead to an early diagnosis; simple tests can identify individuals in a healthy population who have the disease but have not developed symptoms. Early detection of cancer is significant and is one of the most promising approaches by which to reduce the growing cancer burden and guide curative treatment. The early diagnosis of patients with breast cancer is challenging, since it is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Despite the advent of mammography in screening for breast cancer, low-resource, low-cost alternative tools must be implemented to complement mammography findings. IgM is part of the first line of defense of an organism and is responsible for recognizing and eliminating infectious particles and removing transformed cells. Most studies on breast cancer have focused on the development of IgG-like molecules as biomarkers or as a treatment for the advanced stages of cancer, but autoantibodies (IgM) and tumor-associated antigens (proteins or carbohydrates with aberrant structures) have not been examined as early diagnostic tools for breast cancer. The present review summarizes the function of natural and adaptive IgM in eliminating cancer cells in the early stages of pathology and their value as early diagnostic tools. IgM, as a component of the immune system, is being used to identify tumor-associated antigens and tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Immunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz-Zaragoza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Immunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Ávila
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06729 México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Rubí
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Viedma-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06729 México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arenas-Aranda
authors.affiliation: Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ostoa-Saloma
mesh_terms: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000276:immunology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001323:Autoantibodies; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007075:Immunoglobulin M