title: Glutamatergic Mechanisms Associated with Seizures and Epilepsy.
abstract: Epilepsy is broadly characterized by aberrant neuronal excitability. Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain; thus, much of past epilepsy research has attempted to understand the role of glutamate in seizures and epilepsy. Seizures induce elevations in extracellular glutamate, which then contribute to excitotoxic damage. Chronic seizures can alter neuronal and glial expression of glutamate receptors and uptake transporters, further contributing to epileptogenesis. Evidence points to a shared glutamate pathology for epilepsy and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including depression, which is often a comorbidity of epilepsy. Therapies that target glutamatergic neurotransmission are available, but many have met with difficulty because of untoward adverse effects. Better understanding of this system has generated novel therapeutic targets that directly and indirectly modulate glutamatergic signaling. Thus, future efforts to manage the epileptic patient with glutamatergic-centric treatments now hold greater potential.
authors.affiliation: Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barker-Haliski
authors.affiliation: Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108.
authors.forename: H Steve
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D018698:Glutamic Acid