title: Diagnostic dilemmas in Intraductal papillomas of the breast - Experience at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in the Sultanate of Oman.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective study was to correlate the significance and accuracy of the colour of nipple discharge and breast ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of intraductal papilloma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study of 34 patients who underwent 36 microdochectomies in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) in the Sultanate of Oman, over a 4 year period of January 2009 till December 2012. The confounders considered were patient age, physical examination findings, nipple discharge cytology result, ultrasound results and biopsy report following microdochectomy. Comparisons analysis, charts and graphs were made using the SPSS software (version 20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 44(27-73) years old. Twenty-seven out 36 (75%) patients had presented with nipple discharge, 14 out 27 (52%) had blood stained nipple discharge and 13(48%) with coloured discharge (yellow, brown and green), 9 patients had no discharge. The final histopathology showed intraductal papilloma 13 (36%), duct ectasia 18(50%), DCIS 1 (2.7%), fibrocystic disease 3(8.3%) and LCIS 1(2.7%). Thirteen out of 36 had intraductal papilloma on final histopathology. The correlation between blood stained discharge and final histopathology of intraductal papilloma was insignificant (p=0.44).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nipple discharge is irrelevant to the diagnosis of intraductal papilloma. Spontaneous nipple discharge regardless of color is to be referred to breast surgeon and to be assessed with triple assessment. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Adil Aljarrah, Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aljarrah
authors.affiliation: Kamran Ahmad Malik, Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: Kamran Ahmad
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Husam Jamil, Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: Husam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jamil
authors.affiliation: Zoheb Jaffer, Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: Zoheb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jaffer
authors.affiliation: Sukhpal Sawhney, Breast Unit, Department of Radiology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: Sukhpal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawhney
authors.affiliation: Ritu Lakhtakia, Breast Unit, Department of Pathology, COM&HS, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lakhtakia
keywords: Breast Intraductal Papilloma; Duct Ectasia; Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS); Lobular Carcinoma In Situ LCIS; Microdochectomy; Nipple Discharge