title: Association between new indices in the locomotive syndrome risk test and decline in mobility: third survey of the ROAD study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to clarify the association between new indices in a locomotive syndrome risk test and decline in mobility.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the third survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study, data on the indices were obtained from 1575 subjects (513 men, 1062 women) of the 1721 participants in mountainous and coastal areas. As outcome measures for decline in mobility, we used the five-times-sit-to-stand test (FTSST) and walking speed with cutoff values of 12 s and 0.8 m/s, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We first estimated the prevalence of the indices in locomotive syndrome risk test stage 1, including two-step test score <1.3, difficulty with one-leg standing from a 40-cm-high seat in the stand-up test, and 25-question GLFS score ≥7, which were found to be 57.4, 40.6, and 22.6 %, respectively. Next, we investigated the prevalence of the indices in locomotive syndrome risk test stage 2, including two-step test score <1.1, difficulty with standing from a 20-cm-high seat using both legs in the stand-up test, and 25-question GLFS score ≥16, which were found to be 21.1, 7.9, and 10.6 %, respectively. Logistic regression analysis using slow FTSST time or slow walking speed as the objective factor, and presence or absence of indices as the independent factor, after adjusting for confounders, showed all three indices in both stages 1 and 2 were significantly and independently associated with immobility. Finally, we clarified the risk of immobility according to an increasing number of indices in both stages 1 and 2 and found that the odds ratio for both slow FTSST time and slow walking speed increased exponentially.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the three indices independently predicted immobility and that accumulation of indices increased the risk of immobility exponentially.
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. yoshimuran-ort@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Motor System Medicine, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: JCHO Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, 162-8542, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akune
authors.affiliation: National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome; D055815:Young Adult