title: A technique for correction of attenuations in synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.
abstract: Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy is an efficient technique for decoupling fluorophores which are masked in fluorescence spectroscopy due to overlapping of dominant fluorophores. By choosing appropriate offsets between excitation and emission wavelengths during signal acquisition from turbid samples, responses of individual fluorophores are highlighted as sharp peaks by using this technique. Some of the peaks may, however, still be missed due to wavelength dependent absorption and scattering effects. In this study a correction technique is used to extract such hidden signatures. The technique is validated using tissue phantoms with known concentrations of fluorophores, absorbers and scatterers. On the basis of validation studies on single and combination of two fluorophores, it is found that lower offsets display better recovery due to minimal influence of absorption by blood. Among the different offsets, 55 nm is found to be optimal for investigation of cervical precancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devi
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, 741252, India.
authors.forename: Nirmalya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India; Center for Lasers and Photonics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India. Electronic address: asima@iitk.ac.in.
authors.forename: Asima
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pradhan
mesh_terms: D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009243:NAD / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009243:NAD; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide
keywords: Absorber; Extracted synchronous fluorescence; Fluorophore; Offsets; Scatterer; Synchronous fluorescence; Tissue; Turbid phantoms