title: Antiviral Limonoids Including Khayanolides from the Trang Mangrove Plant Xylocarpus moluccensis.
abstract: Eight new khayanolides, named thaixylomolins G-N (1-8), two new phragmalins (9 and 10), and two new mexicanolides (11 and 12) were obtained from the seeds of the Trang mangrove plant Xylocarpus moluccensis. The absolute configurations of these limonoids, except for the stereocenter at C-6 of 11 and 12, were assigned by experimental and TDDFT calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. The khayanolides may be classified into two subclasses, one of which has a C-2 carbonyl and a 3β-acetoxy group, whereas the other possesses a 2β-acetoxy and a C-3 carbonyl function. Khayanolides, rearranged phragmalin-type limonoids, are reported for the first time from plants of the mangrove genus Xylocarpus. The structure of moluccensin J, a known 30-ketophragmalin containing a Δ(8(14)) double bond, was revised to be a khayanolide, named thaixylomolin K. The antiviral activities of the isolates against pandemic influenza A virus (subtype H1N1) were tested by the assay of cytopathic effect inhibition. Three khayanolides, viz., thaixylomolins I, K, and M, exhibited moderate anti-H1N1 activities. The most potent one, thaixylomolin I (IC50 = 77.1 ± 8.7 μM), showed stronger inhibitory activity than that of the positive control, ribavirin (IC50 = 185.9 ± 16.8 μM).
authors.affiliation: †South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China.|∥University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wanshan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: ‡Marine Drugs Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhongping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: ‡Marine Drugs Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: §Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Fishery Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Trang Campus, Sikao District, Trang Province 92150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Patchara
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pedpradab
authors.affiliation: ⊥Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bruhn
authors.affiliation: ‡Marine Drugs Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: ⊥Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bringmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D036701:Limonins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D036701:Limonins; C554989:mexicanolide; D012254:Ribavirin