title: High levels of vitamin D in relation to reduced risk of schizophrenia with elevated C-reactive protein.
abstract: There is growing evidence on the novel role of vitamin D in reducing inflammation. This study aimed to examine the hypothesis that vitamin D is inversely associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with schizophrenia, and high levels of vitamin D may be linked to reduced risk of schizophrenia with elevated CRP. Ninety-three patients with schizophrenia and 93 family-matched controls were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Plasma concentrations of CRP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured using commercial kits. Information about demographic characteristics and clinic data were obtained by interviews or medical records. Mean levels of CRP and 25(OH)D were 43.3% higher and 26.7% lower for patients compared to controls, respectively. 25(OH)D were inversely associated with CRP in the patients, but not in the controls. The proportions of patients significantly increased with increasing quartiles of CRP, while significantly decreased with increasing quartiles of 25(OH)D. Among individuals with high CRP, participants with high 25(OH)D have significantly lower proportion (adjusted OR =0.217, 95% CI 0.063, 0.751) of schizophrenia compared to those with low 25(OH)D. The evidence suggested that high levels of vitamin D may be linked to reduced risk of schizophrenia with elevated CRP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Clinical School of Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China.
authors.forename: Dao-min
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Clinical School of Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Clinical School of Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China.
authors.forename: Ai-guo
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Clinical School of Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-xue
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Clinical School of Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Clinical School of Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
authors.forename: Jin-fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Clinical School of Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China. Electronic address: pengzhu@ahmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; C-reactive protein; Inflammation; Schizophrenia; Vitamin D