title: Circulatory and Ventilatory Power: Characterization in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulatory power (CP) and ventilatory power (VP) are indices that have been used for the clinical evaluation of patients with heart failure; however, no study has evaluated these indices in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) without heart failure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize both indices in patients with CAD compared with healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven men [CAD group = 42 subjects and healthy control group (CG) = 45 subjects] aged 40-65 years were included. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a treadmill and the following parameters were measured: 1) peak oxygen consumption (VO2), 2) peak heart rate (HR), 3) peak blood pressure (BP), 4) peak rate-pressure product (peak systolic HR x peak BP), 5) peak oxygen pulse (peak VO2/peak HR), 6) oxygen uptake efficiency (OUES), 7) carbon dioxide production efficiency (minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope), 8) CP (peak VO2 x peak systolic BP) and 9) VP (peak systolic BP/carbon dioxide production efficiency).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CAD group had significantly lower values for peak VO2 (p < 0.001), peak HR (p < 0.001), peak systolic BP (p < 0.001), peak rate-pressure product (p < 0.001), peak oxygen pulse (p = 0.008), OUES (p < 0.001), CP (p < 0.001), and VP (p < 0.001) and significantly higher values for peak diastolic BP (p = 0.004) and carbon dioxide production efficiency (p < 0.001) compared with CG. Stepwise regression analysis showed that CP was influenced by group (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.001) and VP was influenced by both group and number of vessels with stenosis after treatment (interaction effects: R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The indices CP and VP were lower in men with CAD than healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castello-Simões
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Minatel
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karsten
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Polaquini
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália Maria
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Perseguini
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Cristina
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Milan
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia e Laboratório de Fisiologia Integrativa, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde, Universidade de Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura Maria Tomazi
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borghi-Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aparecida Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Catai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide