title: The Effectiveness of Two Grammar Treatment Procedures for Children With SLI: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the effectiveness of two grammar treatment procedures for children with specific language impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind superiority trial with cluster randomization was used to compare a cueing procedure, designed to elicit a correct production following an initial error, to a recasting procedure, which required no further production. Thirty-one 5-year-old children with specific language impairment participated in 8 small group, classroom-based treatment sessions. Fourteen children received the cueing approach and 17 received the recasting approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cueing group made significantly more progress over the 8-week treatment period than the recasting group. There was a medium-large treatment effect in the cueing group and a negligible effect size in the recasting group. The groups did not differ in maintenance of treatment effects 8 weeks after treatment. In single-subject analyses, 50% of children in the cueing group and 12% in the recasting group showed a significant treatment effect. Half of these children maintained the treatment effect 8 weeks later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment that used a structured cueing hierarchy designed to elicit a correct production following a child's error resulted in significantly greater improvement in expressive grammar than treatment that provided a recast following an error.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Smith-Lock
authors.forename: Suze
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leitão
authors.forename: Polly
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prior
authors.forename: Lyndsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nickels
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003463:Cues; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013060:Speech; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014904:Western Australia