title: Metacognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Presence and Associations With Psychosocial Outcomes.
abstract: Early formulations of schizophrenia suggested that the disorder involves a loss of ability to form integrated ideas about oneself, others, and the world, resulting in reductions in complex goal-directed behaviors. Exploring this position, the current review describes evidence that persons with schizophrenia experience decrements in their ability to form complex ideas about themselves and to ultimately use that knowledge to respond to psychological and social challenges. Studies are detailed that find greater levels of these impairments, defined as metacognitive deficits, in persons with schizophrenia in both early and later phases of illness as compared with other clinical and community groups. Furthermore, studies linking metacognitive deficits with poorer psychosocial functioning and other variables closely linked to outcomes are summarized. Clinical implications are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: *Roudebush VA Medical Center; †Indiana University School of Medicine; ‡Prevention and Recovery Center for Early Psychosis, Midtown Community Mental Health Centers, Wishard Hospital; §Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, IU Psychotic Disorders Research Program; ∥Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN; ¶Study Center For Phenomenology and Psychiatry, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile; #Section Phenomenological Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Department, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; **Midtown Community Mental Health Center, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN; ††Center for Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy; and ‡‡University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lysaker
authors.forename: Jenifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vohs
authors.forename: Kyle S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Minor
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Irarrázaval
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
authors.forename: Jay A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kukla
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Popolo
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luther
authors.forename: Kelly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wasmuth
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dimaggio
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D011379:Prognosis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012938:Social Perception; D066107:Social Skills; D016896:Treatment Outcome