title: Determination and pharmacokinetic studies of artesunate and its metabolite in sheep plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneous quantify artesunate and its metabolite in sheep plasma. The plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (250×4.6mm, 5μm) using methanol: water (60:40, v/v) (the water included 1mM ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid, and 0.02% acetic acid) as the mobile phase. Mass detection was carried out using positive electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curve was linear from 1ng/mL to 400ng/mL (r(2)=0.9992 for artesunate, r(2)=0.9993 for its metabolite). The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were within the acceptable limits of ±10% at all concentrations for both artesunate and its metabolite. The recoveries ranged from 92% to 98% at the three concentrations for both. In summary, the LC-MS/MS metho described herein was fully successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of artesunate nanoemulsion after intramuscular delivery to sheep.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Fulin Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Officer, Chongqing 408000, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Zheng
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Juan
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Wang
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Shan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China. Electronic address: infzjy@sina.com.
authors.forename: Ji-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077332:Artesunate; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012756:Sheep; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D037621:Artemisinins; D000077332:Artesunate
keywords: Antiparasitic; Artesunate nanoemulsion; LC/MS/MS; Pharmacokinetics; Sheep plasma