title: No Development of Imipenem Resistance in Pneumonia Caused by Escherichia coli.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotic resistance continues to rise due to the increased number of antibiotic prescriptions and is now a major threat to public health. In particular, there is an increase in antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli according to the latest reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article examines, retrospectively, antibiotic resistance in patients with community- and nosocomial-acquired pneumonia caused by E coli.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of all patients with community- and nosocomial-acquired pneumonia caused by E coli were collected from the hospital charts at the HELIOS Clinic, Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany, within the study period 2004 to 2014. An antibiogram was performed for the study patients with pneumonia caused by E coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for the different antibiotics that have been consistently used in the treatment of patients with pneumonia caused by E coli. All demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of all of the patients with pneumonia caused by E coli were collected from the patients' records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period of January 1, 2004 to August 12, 2014, 135 patients were identified with community- and nosocomial-acquired pneumonia affected by E coli. These patients had a mean age of 72.5 ± 11.6 (92 [68.1%, 95% CI 60.2%-76.0%] males and 43 [31.9%, 95% CI 24.0%-39.8%] females). E coli had a high resistance rate to ampicillin (60.7%), piperacillin (56.3%), ampicillin-sulbactam (44.4%), and co-trimoxazole (25.9%). No patients with pneumonia caused by E coli showed resistance to imipenem (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E coli was resistant to many of the typically used antibiotics. No resistance was detected toward imipenem in patients with pneumonia caused by E coli.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal (JY, KR); Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten (BG), Germany.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yayan
authors.forename: Beniam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghebremedhin
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasche
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000668:Ampicillin Resistance; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014296:Trimethoprim Resistance
chemical_list: D015378:Imipenem