title: Association of SNPs with the efficacy and safety of immunosuppressant therapy after heart transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studying the possible influence of SNPs on efficacy and safety of calcineurin inhibitors upon heart transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 60 heart transplant patients treated with tacrolimus or cyclosporine, we studied a panel of 36 SNPs correlated with a series of clinical parameters during the first post-transplantation year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of serious infections was correlated to ABCB1 rs1128503 (p = 0.012), CC genotype reduced the probability of infections being also associated with lower blood cyclosporine concentrations. Lower renal function levels were found in patients with rs9282564 AG (p = 0.003), related to higher blood cyclosporine blood levels. A tendency toward increased graft rejection (p = 0.05) was correlated to rs2066844 CC in NOD2/CARD15, a gene related to lymphocyte activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacogenetics can help identify patients at increased risk of clinical complications. Original submitted 30 January 2015; revision submitted 27 March 2015.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Transplante, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Lázaro
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe & Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.|Departamento Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe & Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.|Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jordán-De Luna
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe & Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.|Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bosó
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Transplante, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almenar
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe & Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.|Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Transplante, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez-Dolz
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe & Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.|Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Megías-Vericat
authors.affiliation: Departamento Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sendra
authors.affiliation: Departamento Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Poveda
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe & Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.|Departamento Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.|Unidad de Farmacología Clínica, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Aliño
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus
keywords: cyclosporine; graft rejection; infection; polymorphism; renal function; tacrolimus