title: Emergence of Providencia rettgeri NDM-1 in two departments of Colombia, 2012-2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Colombia, between 2012 and 2013, 19 isolates with NDM were identified, of which 14 corresponded to Providencia rettgeri.
  
  
  METHODS
  The isolates were identified by Vitek-2, and antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by broth microdilution. The carbapenemase phenotypes were determined with Modified Hodge Test and synergy tests with EDTA/SMA and APB, the genotypes by PCR using specific primers for KPC, GES, IMP, VIM, OXA-48 and NDM, and genetic relationships were established with DiversiLab.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The isolates were resistant to carbapenems, third-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, gentamicin and tigecycline, except aztreonam. All isolates were positive for EDTA/SMA and NDM-1, and negative for APB and other carbapenemases. Two genetic groups, group 1 (n=9 isolates), group 2 (n=4 isolates) and an isolate defined as not genetically related.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work describes the circulating of NDM-1-producing P. rettgeri in Colombia.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud. Grupo de Microbiología. Programa de vigilancia de resistencia antimicrobiana en microorganismos causantes de Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud. Subdirección Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia. Dirección en redes en Salud Pública, Bogotá, Colombia. Electronic address: ssaavedra@ins.gov.co.
authors.forename: Sandra-Yamile
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Saavedra-Rojas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud. Grupo de Microbiología. Programa de vigilancia de resistencia antimicrobiana en microorganismos causantes de Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud. Subdirección Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia. Dirección en redes en Salud Pública, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duarte-Valderrama
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud. Grupo de Microbiología. Programa de vigilancia de resistencia antimicrobiana en microorganismos causantes de Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud. Subdirección Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia. Dirección en redes en Salud Pública, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: María-Nilse
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: González-de-Arias
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud. Grupo de Microbiología. Programa de vigilancia de resistencia antimicrobiana en microorganismos causantes de Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud. Subdirección Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia. Dirección en redes en Salud Pública, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: María Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Ovalle-Guerro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011532:Providencia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C552864:beta-lactamase NDM-1
keywords: Carbapenemasas; Carbapenemases; NDM; Providencia rettgeri