title: Combination of selenium-enriched green tea polysaccharides and Huo-ji polysaccharides synergistically enhances antioxidant and immune activity in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a combination of selenium-enriched green tea polysaccharides (Se-GTP) and Huo-ji polysaccharides (HJP) on the immune function and antioxidant activity in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the indices of spleen and thymus were markedly increased, and the activity of natural killer (NK) cell was promoted in mice treated with the combination of Se-GTP and HJP. The combined treatment of Se-GTP and HJP also reduced the content of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in splenocytes. In addition, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were remarkably enhanced, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced in mice treated with combination of Se-GTP and HJP. Furthermore, the combined treatment of Se-GTP and HJP increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression at mRNA and protein levels in splenocytes. The effects of the combination treatment of Se-GTP and HJP in mice were stronger than with Se-GTP or HJP treatment alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that the combined administration of Se-GTP and HJP can synergistically improve immune function and decrease the oxidative stress by enhancing the mechanisms involved in the clearance of free radicals.
authors.affiliation: College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, HuBei, 443002, China.
authors.forename: Chengfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, HuBei, 443002, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, HuBei, 443002, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, HuBei, 443002, China.
authors.forename: Fangxiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, HuBei, 443002, China.
authors.forename: Dongming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, HuBei, 443002, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, HuBei, 443002, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Gohar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.affiliation: King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.|Enzymoic, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Amjad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031991:Pyracantha / Q000737:chemistry*; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D014131:Trace Elements; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D012643:Selenium
keywords: Huo-ji; Nrf2; antioxidant system; mice; polysaccharides; selenium-enriched green tea