title: Nonenzymatic α-Linolenic Acid Derivatives from the Sea: Macroalgae as Novel Sources of Phytoprostanes.
abstract: Phytoprostanes, autoxidation products of α-linolenic acid, have been studied in several plant species, but information regarding the natural occurrence of this large family of biologically active oxidized lipids in macroalgae is still scarce. In this work, the free phytoprostane composition of 24 macroalgae species belonging to Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta was determined through a recently validated UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method. The phytoprostane profiles varied greatly among all samples, F1t-phytoprostanes and L1-phytoprostanes being the predominant and minor classes, respectively. No correlation between the amounts of α-linolenic acid in alga material and phytoprostane content was found. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the observed variability could be species-specific or result from interspecific interactions. This study provides new insight about the occurrence of phytoprostanes in macroalgae and opens doors for future exploitation of these marine photosynthetic organisms as sources of potentially bioactive oxylipins, encouraging their incorporation in food products and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical preparations for human health.
authors.affiliation: †REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Quı́mica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: §Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jacinta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collado-González
authors.affiliation: †REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Quı́mica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: §Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreres
authors.affiliation: †REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Quı́mica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valentão
authors.affiliation: #Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS - University of Montpellier - ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Galano
authors.affiliation: #Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS - University of Montpellier - ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: §Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Gil-Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis*; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid
keywords: GC-MS; UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS; macroalgae; oxidized lipids; phytoprostanes; α-linolenic acid