title: The relationship between UV-irradiance, photoprotective compounds and DNA damage in two intertidal invertebrates with contrasting mobility characteristics.
abstract: The photoprotective role of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA) against the generation of DNA cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) was studied in the sessile intertidal anemone Actinia tenebrosa and the mobile intertidal gastropod Diloma aethiops through 27months at a mid-latitude New Zealand location. MAA were sequestered by A. tenebrosa and D. aethiops from their diet, although maximum total MAA levels in both species were not correlated with seasonal variation in maximum ambient UV-B levels recorded at the collection site. Temporal changes in total MAA in A. tenebrosa showed a six months lag-time in their concentration regarding to the environmental UV-B levels. This lag period corresponded to an observed increase in CPD production from spring to summer; suggesting that MAA do not completely protect the anemone from UV-B during summer. For D. aethiops, total MAA concentrations did not change significantly during the study, although qualitative changes in MAA were apparent. A month lag-time in MAA concentration in D. aethiops and possibly the physical barrier that the shell confers to the animal, can explain reduced CPD levels in comparative terms with A. tenebrosa. Although MAA are used by invertebrates for photoprotection, contrasting mobility characteristics and the presence of physical adaptations can confer them important protection levels during temporal changes of UV-B at mid-latitude places of the Southern Hemisphere.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: victor.cubillos@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Victor Mauricio
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Cubillos
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burritt
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Miles D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lamare
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Barrie M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Peake
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004249:DNA Damage; D049851:Gastropoda / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009068:Movement / Q000528:radiation effects; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000378:metabolism; D012615:Sea Anemones / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers
keywords: CPD; Invertebrate; Mycosporine-like amino acid; Photoprotection; Temporal changes; Ultraviolet radiation