title: The role of three-dimensional high-definition laparoscopic surgery for gynaecology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article reviews the potential benefits and disadvantages of new three-dimensional (3D) high-definition laparoscopic surgery for gynaecology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the new-generation 3D high-definition laparoscopic vision systems (LVSs), operation time and learning period are reduced and procedural error margin is decreased. New-generation 3D high-definition LVSs enable to reduce operation time both for novice and experienced surgeons. Headache, eye fatigue or nausea reported with first-generation systems are not different than two-dimensional (2D) LVSs. The system's being more expensive, having the obligation to wear glasses, big and heavy camera probe in some of the devices are accounted for negative aspects of the system that need to be improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depth loss in tissues in 2D LVSs and associated adverse events can be eliminated with 3D high-definition LVSs. By virtue of faster learning curve, shorter operation time, reduced error margin and lack of side-effects reported by surgeons with first-generation systems, 3D LVSs seem to be a strong competition to classical laparoscopic imaging systems. Thanks to technological advancements, using lighter and smaller cameras and monitors without glasses is in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Taner A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Usta
authors.forename: Elif C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Gundogdu
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003867:Depth Perception; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D059032:Learning Curve; D061646:Operative Time; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D066231:Surgeons