title: Cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic rhythms differ in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms are abnormal in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but it is unclear if they can reflect different neurophysiologic abnormalities in MS sub-types (phenotypes) such as relapsing-remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested whether cortical sources of resting state EEG rhythms are abnormal in MS patients and differ between MS phenotypes. Resting state eyes-closed EEG activity was recorded in 36 RR, 23 SP, and 41 matched healthy subjects. EEG bands of interest were individually identified based on Transition frequency (TF), Individual alpha frequency (IAF), and Individual beta frequency (IBF). LORETA freeware estimated cortical EEG sources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Widespread TF -4Hz (delta) and IAF (alpha) cortical sources were abnormal in the MS sub-groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, TF -4Hz sources in central, parietal, and limbic regions were higher in amplitude in the SP compared to the RR sub-group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cortical sources of resting state EEG rhythms are abnormal in MS patients at group level and differ between RR and SP sub-groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies should test the utility of these EEG markers in the diagnosis and management of MS clinical phenotypes and in the therapy evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: claudio.babiloni@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Babiloni
authors.affiliation: IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Percio
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Imaging and Clinical Science, and ITAB, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capotosto
authors.affiliation: IRCCS S.D.N., Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noce
authors.affiliation: IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Infarinato
authors.affiliation: Istituto Clinico Cardiologico (ICC), Casalpalocco, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences and Medical-Surgical Biotechnology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marcotulli
authors.affiliation: Istituto Clinico Cardiologico (ICC), Casalpalocco, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellagamba
authors.affiliation: Istituto Clinico Cardiologico (ICC), Casalpalocco, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Righi
authors.affiliation: IRCCS S.D.N., Naples, Italy; Department of Studies of Institutions and Territorial Systems, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soricelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Istituto Clinico Cardiologico (ICC), Casalpalocco, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Onorati
authors.affiliation: Istituto Clinico Cardiologico (ICC), Casalpalocco, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lupattelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D001611:Beta Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Electroencephalography (EEG); Low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA); Multiple sclerosis (MS); Relapsing–remitting (RR); Secondary progressive (SP)