title: Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in Isiro, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2012: Signs and Symptoms, Management and Outcomes.
abstract: Data collected during the 2012 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo were analysed for clinical signs, symptoms and case fatality of EVD caused by Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), establishment of differential diagnoses, description of medical treatment and evaluation of the quality of clinical documentation. In a quantitative observational prospective study, global epidemiological data from 52 patients (34 patients within the community, 18 patients treated in the Ebola Treatment Centre) were entered anonymously into a database, subsequently matched and analysed. Relevant findings include an over-representation of females among community EVD cases (85.3%) and of community EVD cases in the age group of 15-54 years (82.4%). All ETC patients had fever (55.6% of all 18 ETC patients during their hospital stay) or self-reported fever (88.2% upon admission) at some point of time during their illness. Major symptoms of ETC patients during hospital stay included asthenia (82.4%), anorexia (82.4%), myalgia (70.6%), sore throat/difficulty swallowing (70.6%), arthralgia (76.5%) and nausea (70.6%). Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms (nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting) (76.4%) as well as general pain (94.1%) were frequent in ETC patients. The median duration of EVD was 18 days, while the mean incubation period was 11.3 days. Differential diagnosis of EVD included malaria (28.3%), intestinal parasitosis (10.9%), and infectious syndrome (10.9%). There was also an important variation in clinical evolvement. Quality of documentation was adversely affected by the way patient file contents were transferred from inside to outside the high-risk zone, entailing a mean mismatch value of 27.3% between patient file contents inside vs. outside the high-risk zone. This study adds further description of EVD (frequently non-specific signs and symptoms, non frequent bleeding, a long incubation period, long duration of disease) and emphasizes the need for improving clinical monitoring and documentation in EVD outbreak settings.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Médecins Sans Frontières-Spain, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.affiliation: Independent Consultant Epidemiologist, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roddy
authors.affiliation: University of Kisangani, Orientale Province, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tshomba Oloma
authors.affiliation: Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom; Médecins Sans Frontières-Belgium, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeffs
authors.affiliation: Médecins Sans Frontières-Spain, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Drassanes Tropical Medicine and International Health Centre, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pou Ciruelo
authors.affiliation: Médecins Sans Frontières-Spain, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Olimpia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: de la Rosa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borchert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo / Q000453:epidemiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D029043:Ebolavirus; D058872:Epidemics; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology; D005843:Geography; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009325:Nausea / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014839:Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult