title: Horner Syndrome: A Practical Approach to Investigation and Management.
abstract: Horner syndrome is typically described by the classic triad of blepharoptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis resulting from disruption along the oculosympathetic pathway. Because of the complex and extensive course of this pathway, there are a large number of causes of Horner syndrome ranging from benign to life-threatening diseases. This review article aims to provide a practical approach to investigation and management, including evaluation of the more recent use of apraclonidine for pharmacological testing.
authors.affiliation: From the *South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, c/o Royal Adelaide Hospital; and †Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Crompton