title: Pathogenetic mechanisms of heavy metals effect on proapoptotic and proliferative potential of breast cancer.
abstract: METHODS
  Chemical composition was studied with the help of the scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersion spectrometer. Immunohistochemical reaction showed the p53 and Ki-67 receptors expression. The study of DNA fragmentation was performed in agarose gel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an interrelation between the accumulations of the trace elements with the degree of cancer malignancy. There were 85% of cases with positive reaction to Ki-67 and 40% cases with positive reaction to p53. We found a moderate correlation between the accumulation of microelements in the breast cancer tissue and the level of proliferative activity. We noted the combination of the increase of DNA fragmentation with the expression of p53 and Ki-67 receptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trace elements can cause the initiation and the progression of the tumorous growth, which is expressed in the increased proliferation of tumor cells. This leads to the destabilization of the genetic material which can be expressed in the synthesis of mutant p53 protein. Finally, it leads to the block of apoptosis and regulatory effects of cells. This can cause the tumor progression and the destabilization of the genome, which is reflected in the increased DNA fragmentation.
authors.forename: Anatolii
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romaniuk
authors.forename: Mykola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lyndin
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moskalenko
authors.forename: Yevhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuzenko
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gladchenko
authors.forename: Yuliia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lyndina
keywords: DNA fragmentation; apoptosis; breast cancer; heavy metal; proliferation