title: The blood pressure response to acute and chronic aerobic exercise: A meta-analysis of candidate gene association studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To meta-analyze candidate gene association studies on the change in blood pressure beyond the immediate post-exercise phase after versus before aerobic exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search was conducted. Studies retrieved included acute (short-term or postexercise hypotension) or chronic (long-term or training) aerobic exercise interventions; and blood pressure measured before and after aerobic exercise training, or before and after exercise or control under ambulatory conditions by genotype. Effect sizes were determined for genotype and adjusted for sample features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Qualifying studies (k=17, n=3524) on average included middle-aged, overweight men (44.2%) and women (55.8%) with prehypertension (134.9±11.7/78.6±9.5mmHg). Training interventions (k=12) were performed at 60.4±12.9% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) for 41.9±12.5minsession(-1), 3.6±1.2daysweek(-1) for 15.7±7.6week; and post-exercise hypotension interventions (k=5) were performed at 53.5±14.4% VO2max for 38.5±5.4minsession(-1). Sample characteristics explained 54.2-59.0% of the variability in the blood pressure change after versus before acute exercise or control under ambulatory conditions, and 57.4-67.1% of the variability in the blood pressure change after versus before training (p<0.001). Only angiotensinogen M235T (rs699) associated with the change in diastolic blood pressure after versus before training (R(2)=0.1%, p=0.05), but this association did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sample characteristics explained most of the variability in the change of BP beyond the immediate post-exercise phase after versus before acute and chronic aerobic exercise. Angiotensinogen M235T (rs699) was the only genetic variant that associated with the change in diastolic blood pressure after versus before training, accounting for <1% of the variance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science and Sports Studies, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, United States; Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States. Electronic address: mbruneaujr@springfieldcollege.edu.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bruneau
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Blair T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Tania B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Huedo-Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Kara A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Garrett I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Ash
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pescatello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis
keywords: Heritability; Hypertension; Physical Activity; Polymorphism; Systematic Review