title: Inhibition of growth and migration of oral and cervical cancer cells by citrus polyphenol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been confirmed that polyphenolic compounds present in food have various pharmaceutical functions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate citrus polyphenol (CP) for dental applications. The culture medium with CP was developed to inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cells. CP could be used as a supplemental compound for topical application for oral cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the metabolic activity and cell toxicity of CP (at concentrations of 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01%) for oral and cervical cancer cells were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays (n = 6). Furthermore, the effects of CP on motilities of oral and cervical cancer cells were also evaluated using a scratch assay model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the growth of Ca9-22 and HeLa cells on tissue culture polystyrene was greatly inhibited when 1% CP was added to the medium. In addition, significant differences (p < 0.01) in cytotoxicities of oral and cervical cancer cells were observed after 6 days in the culture medium to which 1% CP was added. Furthermore, using a scratch assay model to evaluate the migratory abilities of oral and cervical cancer cells, it was also found that CP could inhibit the migratory abilities of cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirmed the feasibility of the topical application of CP as a supplemental compound for inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and migration.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: thyoung@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Tai-Horng
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: minhueychen@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Min-Huey
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: citrus polyphenol; migration; oral cancer cell; proliferation