title: Effects of Tumour Necrosis Factor Antagonists on Insulin Sensitivity/Resistance in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Beyond the joints, TNFi (tumour necrosis factor inhibitor) therapy may confer systemic benefits in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several studies have investigated the role of TNFi on insulin resistance/sensitivity (IR/IS). This question is of general interest given the emerging evidence linking inflammation and insulin resistance. The main aim of this review was to summarise the published data and to determine the effects of TNFi on IR/IS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge databases for studies which examined the effects of TNFi on IR/IS. The studies were assessed independently by two reviewers according to a pre-specified protocol. The data on Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin resistance (HOMA) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were pooled and reported as standard difference in means (SDM) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of eight studies with 260 subjects met the selection criteria. The duration of the studies was from 8 weeks to 12 months. There was statistically significant reduction in HOMA index in six out of eight studies and four reported significant increment in QUICKI. The pooled analysis revealed significant reduction in HOMA [SDM-0.148, 95%CI[-0.278 to -0.017], p=0.026] and increment in QUICKI [SDM 0.312, 95%CI[0.019 to 0.606], p=0.037] with TNFi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is emerging evidence to support that TNFi therapy improves IS and reduces IR in RA. Further, well conducted trials are needed to determine if such effects translate to lower incidence of diabetes in RA or other autoimmune conditions on biologic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Agata N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Burska
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rajalingham
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakthiswary
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha