title: The role of butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor in diabetes mellitus: experimental evidence for therapeutic intervention.
abstract: The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in diabetes mellitus (DM), β-cell reprogramming and its complications is an emerging concept. Recent evidence suggests that there is a link between DM and histone deacetylases (HDACs), because HDAC inhibitors promote β-cell differentiation, proliferation, function and improve insulin resistance. Moreover, gut microbes and diet-derived products can alter the host epigenome. Furthermore, butyrate and butyrate-producing microbes are decreased in DM. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid produced from the fermentation of dietary fibers by microbiota and has been proven as an HDAC inhibitor. The present review provides a pragmatic interpretation of chromatin-dependent and independent complex signaling/mechanisms of butyrate for the treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 DM, with an emphasis on the promising strategies for its drugability and therapeutic implication.
authors.affiliation: Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 60 062, India.
authors.forename: Sabbir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 60 062, India.
authors.forename: Gopabandhu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jena
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
keywords: HDAC inhibitors; butyrate; diabetes; epigenetics; histone deacetylase; insulin signaling; β-cell