title: Graphene Near-Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing for Phase Characterization of Broadband Pulses in Ultrafast Microscopy.
abstract: We investigate near-degenerate four-wave mixing in graphene using femtosecond laser pulse shaping microscopy. Intense near-degenerate four-wave mixing signals on either side of the exciting laser spectrum are controlled by amplitude and phase shaping. Quantitative signal modeling for the input pulse parameters shows a spectrally flat phase response of the near-degenerate four-wave mixing due to the linear dispersion of the massless Dirac Fermions in graphene. Exploiting these properties we demonstrate that graphene is uniquely suited for the intrafocus phase characterization and compression of broadband laser pulses, circumventing disadvantages of common methods utilizing second or third harmonic light.
authors.affiliation: †Department Chemie and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciesielski
authors.affiliation: †Department Chemie and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Comin
authors.affiliation: †Department Chemie and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Handloser
authors.affiliation: †Department Chemie and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Donkers
authors.affiliation: ‡Josef Ressel Zentrum, Fachhochschule Vorarlberg, Hochschulstrasse 1, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piredda
authors.affiliation: §Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.affiliation: §Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: †Department Chemie and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartschuh
keywords: Graphene; femtosecond laser; four-wave mixing; microscopy; phase retrieval; pulse shaping