title: Nuclear Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Versus Stress Echocardiography in the Preoperative Evaluation of Patients for Kidney Transplantation.
abstract: The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and appropriate use of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (SMPI) versus stress echocardiography in the preoperative evaluation of patients for kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-institution, retrospective study was performed. SMPI was performed with regadenoson and stress echocardiography predominantly with dobutamine. Findings on subsequent coronary angiography were correlated. A cost analysis for SMPI versus stress echocardiography was modeled using reimbursements from the Center for Medicare Services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirteen patients underwent imaging (53 SMPI and 60 stress echocardiography). One hundred percent of SMPI studies were diagnostic, compared with only 80% (48/60) in the stress echocardiography group, and this result was statistically significant (χ(2) = 7.96, P < 0.01). The most common reason for a nondiagnostic test was not reaching the target heart rate. In the SMPI group, 15% (8/53) of patients had ischemia on imaging and all underwent subsequent coronary angiography, which confirmed obstructive coronary lesions. One patient with a negative SMPI result underwent a subsequent angiogram that was negative. In the stress echocardiography group, 5% (3/60) of patients had ischemia on imaging and 2 underwent subsequent angiography, which was negative. Three of 12 patients with nondiagnostic examinations underwent further testing. One patient underwent a follow-up positive SMPI scan but no subsequent coronary angiography. The other 2 patients underwent coronary angiography, which was negative. Of the 45 negative stress echocardiography patients, 6 (13%) underwent angiography, with a positive result for obstructive coronary artery disease in 3 of 6. For the modeling of cost analysis, rates of $1,173 and $1,521 (Center for Medicare Services) were used for SMPI and stress echocardiography, respectively. The model assumed that all nondiagnostic imaging would be referred for further stress testing (i.e., nondiagnostic stress echocardiography would be referred for SMPI). This model estimated that initial noninvasive testing with stress echocardiography versus SMPI resulted in a 50% greater cost.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the preoperative evaluation of kidney transplantation, SMPI is more often diagnostic than stress echocardiography. A cost model estimates that initial noninvasive diagnostic testing with stress echocardiography would result in an approximately 50% greater cost than SMPI. Our data also suggest that SMPI has greater diagnostic accuracy than stress echocardiography. Therefore, this single-institution experience supports SMPI as the more appropriate test.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: Janice N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Thai
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona; and.
authors.forename: Aiden
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abidov
authors.affiliation: Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: Tun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jie
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Krupinski
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona pkuo@radiology.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Phillip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000191:economics; D018579:Patient Selection; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000191:economics*; D015995:Prevalence; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000191:economics*
keywords: cardiac risk stratification; cost analysis; kidney transplant evaluation; myocardial perfusion imaging