title: Cigarette smoke exposure during adolescence enhances sensitivity to the rewarding effects of nicotine in adulthood, even after a long period of abstinence.
abstract: Adolescence is a period of enhanced vulnerability to the motivational properties of tobacco/cigarette smoking. Several studies have suggested that smoking initiation during this period will more likely lead to long-lasting cigarette or nicotine addiction. In the present study, we investigated the influences of adolescent cigarette smoke or nicotine exposure on the rewarding effects of nicotine, particularly whether these influences persist even after a long period of abstinence. Towards this, adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats were repeatedly exposed to cigarette smoke or nicotine, for 14 days, and then were subjected to a 1-month abstinence period. Thereafter, the rewarding effects of nicotine were evaluated through the conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration (SA) tests. Even after a 1-month abstinence period, rats pre-exposed to either nicotine or cigarette smoke demonstrated enhanced CPP for the higher dose (0.6 mg/kg) of nicotine. Notably, cigarette smoke-preexposed adolescent rats, now adults, showed CPP for both 0.2 and 0.6 mg/kg dose of nicotine. Moreover, only these rats (pre-exposed to cigarette smoke during adolescence) showed significant acquisition and maintenance of nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) SA. These results suggest that cigarette smoke exposure during adolescence enhances sensitivity to the rewarding effects of nicotine in adulthood, even after a long period of abstinence. This may be a factor in the high rates of nicotine addiction and dependence observed in smokers who started during adolescence. More importantly, our findings highlight the enduring consequences of adolescent-onset cigarette smoking and the need to protect this vulnerable population.
authors.affiliation: Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: June Bryan
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: de la Peña
authors.affiliation: Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hafiz Muhammad
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.affiliation: Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Reinholdgher
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tampus
authors.affiliation: Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chrislean Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Botanas
authors.affiliation: Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Irene Joy
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: dela Peña
authors.affiliation: Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Aeree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Ike
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: dela Peña
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cheongjh@syu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cheong
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012201:Reward; D012646:Self Administration; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Addiction; Adolescence; Cigarette smoke; Conditioned place preference; Nicotine; Self-administration