title: Ultrasonographic predictors for clinical and radiological progression in knee osteoarthritis after 2 years of follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the association between a set of US features and radiographic and clinical progression of knee OA after 2 years of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 125 patients fulfilling ACR clinical criteria for knee OA underwent US examination of the most symptomatic knee. The US protocol included assessment of synovial hypertrophy, joint effusion, infrapatellar bursitis, Baker's cyst, medial meniscus protrusion and cartilage thickness. Clinical progression was defined using the inverse Osteoarthritis Research Society International responder criteria or progression to total knee replacement. Radiological progression was defined as a ≥2 point increase in Altman score or progression to total knee replacement. Regression analyses were performed with baseline ultrasonographic features as independent variables and progression (two separate models for clinical progression and radiographic progression) as the dependent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 31 (25%) patients fulfilled the criteria of clinical progression and 60 (48%) patients fulfilled the criteria of radiological progression. The presence of Baker's cyst showed a statistically significant association with clinical [odds ratio (OR) 3.07 (95% CI 1.21, 7.78)] as well as radiological [OR 2.84 (95% CI 1.17, 6.90)] progression. Synovial hypertrophy showed a weaker but consistent association with clinical as well as radiological progression [OR 2.11 (95% CI 0.80, 5.57)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated a longitudinal association between Baker's cyst (and to a lesser extent synovial hypertrophy) at baseline and radiological and clinical progression after 2 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen and k.bevers@maartenskliniek.nl.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bevers
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen and.
authors.forename: Johanna E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Vriezekolk
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes W J
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bijlsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen and.
authors.forename: Cornelia H M
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: van den Ende
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen and.
authors.forename: Alfons A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: den Broeder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011151:Popliteal Cyst / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography; D011871:Radiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: disease progression; knee osteoarthritis; musculoskeletal ultrasonography