title: Local infusion of ascorbate augments NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilatation during intense exercise in the heat.
abstract: Recent work demonstrates that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to cutaneous vasodilatation during moderate (400 W of metabolic heat production) but not high (700 W of metabolic heat production) intensity exercise bouts performed in the heat (35°C). The present study evaluated whether the impairment in NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilatation was the result of a greater accumulation of reactive oxygen species during high (700 W of metabolic heat production) relative to moderate (500 W of metabolic heat production) intensity exercise. It was shown that local infusion of ascorbate (an anti-oxidant) improves NO-dependent forearm cutaneous vasodilatation during high intensity exercise in the heat. These findings provide novel insight into the physiological mechanisms governing cutaneous blood flow during exercise-induced heat stress and provide direction for future research exploring whether oxidative stress underlies the impairments in heat dissipation that may occur in older adults, as well as in individuals with pathophysiological conditions such as type 2 diabetes. Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cutaneous vasodilatation is reportedly diminished during exercise performed at a high (700 W) relative to moderate (400 W) rate of metabolic heat production. The present study evaluated whether this impairment results from increased oxidative stress associated with an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during high intensity exercise. On two separate days, 11 young (mean ± SD, 24 ± 4 years) males cycled in the heat (35°C) at a moderate (500 W) or high (700 W) rate of metabolic heat production. Each session included two 30 min exercise bouts followed by 20 and 40 min of recovery, respectively. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was monitored at four forearm skin sites continuously perfused via intradermal microdialysis with: (1) lactated Ringer solution (Control); (2) 10 mm ascorbate (Ascorbate); (3) 10 mm l-NAME; or (4) 10 mm ascorbate + 10 mm l-NAME (Ascorbate + l-NAME). At the end of each 500 W exercise bout, CVC was attenuated with l-NAME (∼35% CVCmax ) and Ascorbate + l-NAME (∼43% CVCmax ) compared to Control (∼60% CVCmax ; all P < 0.04); however, Ascorbate did not modulate CVC during exercise (∼60% CVCmax ; both P > 0.87). Conversely, CVC was elevated with Ascorbate (∼72% CVCmax ; both P < 0.03) but remained similar to Control (∼59% CVCmax ) with l-NAME (∼50% CVCmax ) and Ascorbate + l-NAME (∼47% CVCmax ; all P > 0.05) at the end of both 700 W exercise bouts. We conclude that oxidative stress associated with an accumulation of ascorbate-sensitive ROS impairs NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilatation during intense exercise.
authors.affiliation: Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.affiliation: Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Noll Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lacy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paull
authors.affiliation: Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.affiliation: Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.|FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Flouris
authors.affiliation: Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Glen P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kenny
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001831:Body Temperature; D016552:Ergometry; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005542:Forearm; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D012881:Skin Temperature; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001205:Ascorbic Acid