title: Macroscopic hematuria caused by congenital portosystemic shunt and concomitant nutcracker syndrome.
abstract: Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is an uncommon vascular abnormality that causes a variety of symptoms that range from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to severe pelvic congestion. Congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) is an extremely rare anomaly that causes serious complications. Many cases of NCS and CPSS that have presented separately have been reported, but no cases of concomitant NCS and CPSS have been reported. We present a case of intermittent macroscopic hematuria in a patient with both NCS and CPSS. We diagnosed NCS on pressure gradient between the left renal vein (LRV) and the inferior vena cava. The presence of CPSS, which emerged from the LRV and connected to the extrahepatic portal vein, was confirmed on computed tomography. The interaction between NCS and CPSS resulted in mild intermittent macroscopic hematuria only, rather than the more common symptoms that occur when NCS or CPSS present separately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hyub
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Gi
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D059228:Renal Nutcracker Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000002:abnormalities*
keywords: congenital portosystemic shunt; hematuria; nutcracker syndrome; renal vein; vascular malformation