title: Breast cancer detection rates using four different types of mammography detectors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the performance of different types of detectors in breast cancer detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mammography image set containing subtle malignant non-calcification lesions, biopsy-proven benign lesions, simulated malignant calcification clusters and normals was acquired using amorphous-selenium (a-Se) detectors. The images were adapted to simulate four types of detectors at the same radiation dose: digital radiography (DR) detectors with a-Se and caesium iodide (CsI) convertors, and computed radiography (CR) detectors with a powder phosphor (PIP) and a needle phosphor (NIP). Seven observers marked suspicious and benign lesions. Analysis was undertaken using jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristics weighted figure of merit (FoM). The cancer detection fraction (CDF) was estimated for a representative image set from screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in the FoMs between the DR detectors were measured. For calcification clusters and non-calcification lesions, both CR detectors' FoMs were significantly lower than for DR detectors. The calcification cluster's FoM for CR NIP was significantly better than for CR PIP. The estimated CDFs with CR PIP and CR NIP detectors were up to 15% and 22% lower, respectively, than for DR detectors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cancer detection is affected by detector type, and the use of CR in mammography should be reconsidered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The type of mammography detector can affect the cancer detection rates. CR detectors performed worse than DR detectors in mammography. Needle phosphor CR performed better than powder phosphor CR. Calcification clusters detection is more sensitive to detector type than other cancers.
authors.affiliation: National Coordinating Centre for the Physics in Mammography (NCCPM), Level B, St Luke's Wing, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK. alistairmackenzie@nhs.net.|Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK. alistairmackenzie@nhs.net.
authors.forename: Alistair
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4545-8018
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.affiliation: National Coordinating Centre for the Physics in Mammography (NCCPM), Level B, St Luke's Wing, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK.|Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Breast Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge & NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.affiliation: Jarvis Breast Screening and Diagnostic Centre, Guildford, UK.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Rosalind M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Given-Wilson
authors.affiliation: National Coordinating Centre for the Physics in Mammography (NCCPM), Level B, St Luke's Wing, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK.|Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Dance
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Dev P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Scientific Computing, Department of Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Halling-Brown
authors.affiliation: National Coordinating Centre for the Physics in Mammography (NCCPM), Level B, St Luke's Wing, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK.
authors.forename: Padraig T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Looney
authors.affiliation: National Coordinating Centre for the Physics in Mammography (NCCPM), Level B, St Luke's Wing, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK.|Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D015588:Observer Variation; D012372:ROC Curve; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods
keywords: Breast cancer screening; Computed radiography; Digital mammography; Image quality; Observer study