title: Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Expression in Astrocytes After Excitotoxic Lesion in the Mouse Hippocampus.
abstract: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is, a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Although GDF15 is well established as a potent neurotrophic factor for neurons, little is known about its role in glial cells under neuropathological conditions. We monitored GDF15 expression in astrocyte activation after a kainic acid (KA)-induced neurodegeneration in the ICR mice hippocampus. In control, GDF15 immunoreactivity (IR) was evident in the neuronal layer of the hippocampus; however, GDF15 expression had increased in activated astrocytes throughout the hippocampal region at day 3 after the treatment with KA. LPS treatment in astrocytes dramatically increased GDF15 expression in primary astrocytes. In addition, LPS treatment resulted in the decrease of the IκB-α degradation and increase of the phosphorylation level of RelA/p65. These results indicate that GDF15 has a potential link to NF-κB activation, making GDF15 a valuable target for modulating inflammatory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea.
authors.forename: Enji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea. ; Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea. ; Department of Plastic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea.
authors.forename: Sena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea. ; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea.
authors.forename: Nara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea.
authors.forename: Sunyeul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Woon
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Astrocyte; Excitotoxicity; GDF15; NF kappaB signaling