title: Enteral delivery of proteins enhances the expression of proteins involved in the cytoskeleton and protein biosynthesis in human duodenal mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amino acids are well known to be key effectors of gut protein turnover. We recently reported that enteral delivery of proteins markedly stimulated global duodenal protein synthesis in carbohydrate-fed healthy humans, but specifically affected proteins remain unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to assess the influence of an enteral protein supply on the duodenal mucosal proteome in carbohydrate-fed humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy volunteers received for 5 h, on 2 occasions and in random order, either an enteral infusion of maltodextrins alone (0.25 g · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹) mimicking the fed state or maltodextrins with a protein powder (0.14 g proteins · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹). Endoscopic duodenal biopsy specimens were then collected and frozen until analysis. A 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-based comparative proteomics analysis was then performed, and differentially expressed proteins (at least ±1.5-fold change; Student's t test, P < 0.05) were identified by mass spectrometry. Protein expression changes were confirmed by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two protein spots were differentially expressed after protein delivery compared with maltodextrins alone: 28 and 4 spots were up- or downregulated, respectively. Among the 22 identified proteins, 11 upregulated proteins were involved either in the cytoskeleton (ezrin, moesin, plastin 1, lamin B1, vimentin, and β-actin) or in protein biosynthesis (glutamyl-prolyl-transfer RNA synthetase, glutaminyl-transfer RNA synthetase, elongation factor 2, elongation factor 1δ, and eukaryotic translation and initiation factor 3 subunit f).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enteral delivery of proteins altered the duodenal mucosal proteome and mainly stimulated the expression of proteins involved in cytoskeleton and protein biosynthesis. These results suggest that protein supply may affect intestinal morphology by stimulating actin cytoskeleton remodeling.
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unit 1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France;
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goichon
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unit 1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France;
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France; Platform of Proteomics PISSARO, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unit 1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France; Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France;
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lecleire
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy, and.
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coquard
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France; Clinical Investigation Centre CIC 1404-INSERM, Rouen, France;
authors.forename: Anne-Françoise
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cailleux
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France; INSERM Unit 982, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; and Platform of Proteomics PISSARO, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaudry
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unit 1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France; Departments of Nutrition, pierre.dechelotte@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Déchelotte
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unit 1073, Rouen, France; Clinical Investigation Centre CIC 1404-INSERM, Rouen, France;
authors.forename: Moïse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coëffier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030562:Databases, Protein; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D063990:Gene Ontology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008297:Male; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D057825:Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: cytoskeleton; duodenum; enteral nutrition; proteins; proteome