title: Intimate partner violence and substance use risk among young men who have sex with men: The P18 cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Substance use is prevalent among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and may be associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). Experiences of IPV are associated with several adverse health conditions among adult MSM, but there is a gap in knowledge about this relationship among YMSM, which warrants further investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study employs baseline data from a prospective cohort study to examine lifetime experiences of IPV in relation to substance use in the previous 30 days among n=528 YMSM in New York City from 2009 to 2011. To examine the extent to which IPV (any experiences, victimization, and perpetration) are related to substance use (alcohol, marijuana, stimulant, and other drugs) in the last 30 days, distinct 2-step multinomial logistic regression models, controlling for sociodemographic differences, were constructed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  44.3% reported lifetime IPV experience, with 39.2% of reporting victimization and 30.5% reporting perpetration. IPV is associated with a 1.6 increased odds of 2 or more instances of alcohol use, a 1.6-1.8 increased odds of 2 or more instances of marijuana use, a 1.8-2.5 increased odds of 2 or more instances of stimulant use, and a 4.1-6.1 increased odds of 2 or more instances of other substance use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings highlight the strong association between IPV and increased frequency of substance use among YMSM and provide support that violence may exist as part of a syndemic facing YMSM. Prevention and intervention strategies may be improved by addressing substance use in the context of IPV and other related health challenges.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health, Identity, Behavior & Prevention Studies, The Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 726 Broadway, Suite 525, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Applied Psychology, The Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 246 Greene Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Stults
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, The Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 246 Greene Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Javdani
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, The Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 246 Greene Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Chloe A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Greenbaum
authors.affiliation: Center for Health, Identity, Behavior & Prevention Studies, The Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 726 Broadway, Suite 525, New York, NY 10003, USA; Global Institute of Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Population Health, Langone School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Farzana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.affiliation: Center for Health, Identity, Behavior & Prevention Studies, The Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 726 Broadway, Suite 525, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Applied Psychology, The Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 246 Greene Street, New York, NY 10003, USA; Global Institute of Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Population Health, Langone School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: perry.halkitis@nyu.edu.
authors.forename: Perry N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Halkitis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Intimate partner violence; Substance use; YMSM