title: Population genetic structure and approximate Bayesian computation analyses reveal the southern origin and northward dispersal of the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in its native range.
abstract: The oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta is one of the most destructive orchard pests. Assumed to be native to China, the moth is now distributed throughout the world. However, the evolutionary history of this moth in its native range remains unknown. In this study, we explored the population genetic structure, dispersal routes and demographic history of the OFM in China and South Korea based on mitochondrial genes and microsatellite loci. The Mantel test indicated a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance in the populations. Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure (baps) identified four nested clusters, while the geneland analysis inferred five genetic groups with spatial discontinuities. Based on the approximate Bayesian computation approach, we found that the OFM was originated from southern China near the Shilin area of Yunnan Province. The early divergence and dispersal of this moth was dated to the Penultimate glaciation of Pleistocene. Further dispersal from southern to northern region of China occurred before the last glacial maximum, while the expansion of population size in the derived populations in northern region of China occurred after the last glacial maximum. Our results indicated that the current distribution and structure of the OFM were complicatedly influenced by climatic and geological events and human activities of cultivation and wide dissemination of peach in ancient China. We provide an example on revealing the origin and dispersal history of an agricultural pest insect in its native range as well as the underlying factors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Jun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7398-0968
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Cai
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002681:China; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D007814:Larva; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009036:Moths / Q000235:genetics*; D027861:Prunus; D056910:Republic of Korea; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: China; dispersal; microsatellite; mitochondrial gene; peach