title: Mycobacterial glycolipids di-O-acylated trehalose and tri-O-acylated trehalose downregulate inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious human health problem that affects millions of people in the world. Understanding the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is essential for tackling this devastating disease. Mtb possesses a very complex cell envelope containing a variety of lipid components that participate in the establishment of the infection. We have previously demonstrated that di-O-acylated trehalose (DAT), a non-covalently linked cell wall glycolipid, inhibits the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the production of cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this work we show that DAT and the closely related tri-O-acylated trehalose (TAT) inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in macrophages (MØ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that DAT and TAT are cell-wall located virulence factors that downregulate an important effector of the immune response against mycobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. pespinosa@biomedicas.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Espinosa-Cueto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research, Leibniz, Germany. escalera@izw-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Escalera-Zamudio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. magallanes8779@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magallanes-Puebla
authors.affiliation: Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, S ⁄ N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico. lmlm@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Luz María
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: López-Marín
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. puchi@servidor.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Segura-Salinas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. mancilla@biomedicas.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mancilla
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000737:chemistry*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D014199:Trehalose / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006017:Glycolipids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014199:Trehalose; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II