title: Blood Pressure and Hemodynamic Adaptations after a Training Program in Young Individuals with Down Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular diseases affect people worldwide. Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) have an up to sixteen-time greater risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on blood pressure and hemodynamic variables of young individuals with DS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29 young individuals with DS participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: aerobic training (AT) (n = 14), and resistance training (TR) (n = 15). Their mean age was 15.7 ± 2.82 years. The training program lasted 12 weeks, and had a frequency of three times a week for AT and twice a week for RT. AT was performed in treadmill/ bicycle ergometer, at an intensity between 50%-70% of the HR reserve. RT comprised nine exercises with three sets of 12 repetition-maximum. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and hemodynamic variables were assessed beat-to-beat using the Finometer device before/after the training program. Descriptive analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test to check the normality of data, and the two-way ANOVA for repeated measures were used to compare pre- and post-training variables. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to correlate hemodynamic variables. The SPSS version 18.0 was used with the significance level set at p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After twelve weeks of aerobic and/or resistance training, significant reductions in variables SBP, DBP and MBP were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests a chronic hypotensive effect of moderate aerobic and resistance exercises on young individuals with DS.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Barboza
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Seron
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla Fabiana
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Goessler
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Everaldo Lambert
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Modesto
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eloise Werle
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greguol
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult