title: Aneuploidy.
abstract: The terms 'haploid' and 'diploid' that describe single (n) and double (2n) chromosome sets in cells were coined by the Polish-German botanist Eduard Strasburger and originate from the Greek terms haplóos meaning 'single' and diplóos meaning 'double'. The term 'ploidy' was subsequently derived to describe the total chromosome content of cells. Consequently, the term 'euploid' refers to a chromosome complement that is an exact multiple of the haploid number. Therefore, haploids and diploids are both cases of normal euploidy. Euploid types that have more than two sets of chromosomes are 'polyploid' such as 'triploid' (3n), 'tetraploid' (4n), 'pentaploid' (5n), and so forth. There are various natural euploid states with some organisms existing as haploids (fungi), diploids (most mammals), and polyploids (plants).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Godek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Electronic address: duane.a.compton@dartmouth.edu.
authors.forename: Duane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Compton
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000502:physiology*; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006801:Humans; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000502:physiology; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000502:physiology*; D016615:Telomere / Q000502:physiology