title: Single Versus Double Ureteral Stent Placement After Laser Endoureterotomy for the Management of Benign Ureteral Strictures: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoureterotomy is a viable option for treating patients with benign ureteral stricture. We compared the efficacy and safety of double versus single ureteral stent placement after laser endoureterotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 55 patients with benign ureteral strictures; all patients underwent retrograde laser endoureterotomy. Patients were randomized either to single or double ureteral stents. Single stents were placed in 27 ureters while double stents were placed in 28 ureters. The stent diameter used was 7 F, and stents were indwelling for 8 weeks. Imaging was performed 1 month after stent removal and repeated regularly every 3 months. Clinical characteristics, operative results, and functional outcomes were compared for strictures managed in both groups. Success was evaluated both subjectively and objectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five patients with a mean age of 46 (16-75) years had benign ureteral strictures; the mean stricture length was 1.92 (1-3) cm. The mean follow-up was 25.7 (9-42) months. The overall success rate was 67.3% (37 patients) with no radiologic evidence of obstruction, 6 (10.9%) patients showed symptomatic improvement while 12 (21.8%) patients underwent surgical reconstruction. Success was significantly higher for ureteral strictures (>1.5 cm) managed with double stent placement (82.4%), compared with single stent placement (38.9%) with a P value of 0.009.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double stent placement of the ureter after laser endoureterotomy achieved a higher success rate compared with single stent placement in cases of benign ureteral strictures. Although ureteral strictures (≤1.5 cm) achieved better outcome after laser endoureterotomy, strictures (>1.5 cm) favored better with double stent versus single stent placement.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Fayoum University , Fayoum, Egypt .
authors.forename: Hamdy M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Fayoum University , Fayoum, Egypt .
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohyelden
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Beni-Suef University , Beni Suef, Egypt .
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdel-Bary
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Surgery, Kuwait University , Kuwait City, Kuwait .
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Kandari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011859:Radiography; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult