title: Function and evolution of Magnaporthe oryzae avirulence gene AvrPib responding to the rice blast resistance gene Pib.
abstract: Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo) is the causative pathogen of the damaging disease rice blast. The effector gene AvrPib, which confers avirulence to host carrying resistance gene Pib, was isolated via map-based cloning. The gene encodes a 75-residue protein, which includes a signal peptide. Phenotyping and genotyping of 60 isolates from each of five geographically distinct Mo populations revealed that the frequency of virulent isolates, as well as the sequence diversity within the AvrPib gene increased from a low level in the far northeastern region of China to a much higher one in the southern region, indicating a process of host-driven selection. Resequencing of the AvrPiballele harbored by a set of 108 diverse isolates revealed that there were four pathoways, transposable element (TE) insertion (frequency 81.7%), segmental deletion (11.1%), complete absence (6.7%), and point mutation (0.6%), leading to loss of the avirulence function. The lack of any TE insertion in a sample of non-rice infecting Moisolates suggested that it occurred after the host specialization of Mo. Both the deletions and the functional point mutation were confined to the signal peptide. The reconstruction of 16 alleles confirmed seven functional nucleotide polymorphisms for the AvrPiballeles, which generated three distinct expression profiles.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresurces, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbe Signals and Crop Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresurces, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbe Signals and Crop Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresurces, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbe Signals and Crop Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China [2] Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural pests, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.
authors.forename: Weihuai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresurces, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbe Signals and Crop Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Liyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresurces, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbe Signals and Crop Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Xianfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresurces, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbe Signals and Crop Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D028044:Phosphate-Binding Proteins; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D028044:Phosphate-Binding Proteins; C121462:Pib protein, Oryza sativa; D010940:Plant Proteins