title: Utilization and likelihood of radiologic diagnostic imaging in patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine imaging utilization in a matched cohort of patients with and without implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) and to project magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilization over a 10-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Truven Health MarketScan Commercial claims and Medicare Supplemental health insurance claims data were used to identify patients with continuous health plan enrollment in 2009-2012. Patients with ICDs were identified using ICD-9 and CPT codes, and matched to patients with the same demographic and comorbidity profile, but no record of device implantation. Diagnostic imaging utilization was compared across the matched cohorts, in total, by imaging categories, and in subpopulations of stroke, back pain, and joint pain. MRI use in the nonimplant group over the 4-year period was extrapolated out to 10 years for ICD-indicated patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cohort of 18,770 matched patients were identified; average age 65.5 ± 13.38 and 21.9% female. ICD patients had significantly less MRI imaging (0.23 0.70 SD vs. 0.00 0.08 SD, P < 0.0001) than nonimplant patients. Among patients with records of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) (ICD 5%, nonimplant 4%) and accompanying diagnostic imaging, 44% of nonimplant patients underwent MRI vs. 1% of ICD patients (P < 0.0001). Forecast models estimated that 53% to 64% of ICD-eligible patients may require an MRI within 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI utilization is lower in ICD patients compared to nonimplant patients, yet the burden of incident stroke/TIA, back, and joint pain suggests an unmet need for MR-conditional devices.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nazarian
authors.affiliation: Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: CTI Clinical Trial and Consulting Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Carnegie Hill Radiology, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mollenkopf
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto VA Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Mintu P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Turakhia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000075202:Contraindications; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014600:Utilization Review; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: defibrillation; healthcare utilization; heart-assist device; implantable cardioverter defibrillators; magnetic resonance imaging