title: Mapping malaria in municipalities of the Coffee Triangle region of Colombia using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
abstract: Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been used extensively for the development of epidemiological maps of malaria but not in the Coffee Triangle region of Colombia, endemic for P. vivax, P. falciparum and P. malariae. Surveillance case data (2007-2011) were used to estimate annual incidence rates per Plasmodium spp. (cases/100,000 pop) to develop the first malaria maps in the 53 municipalities of this region (departments Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda). The GIS software used was Kosmo Desktop 3.0RC1(®). Thirty thematic maps were developed according to the municipalities, years, parasite etiology, and uncomplicated and complicated cases. A total of 6582 cases were reported (6478 uncomplicated and 104 complicated, 77.8% Risaralda), for a cumulated rate of 269.46 cases/100,000 pop. Among uncomplicated cases, 5722 corresponded to P. vivax (234.25 cases/100,000 pop), 475 to P. falciparum (19.45 cases/100,000 pop), 8 to P. malariae (0.33 cases/100,000 pop) and 273 mixed (P. falciparum/P. vivax) (11.18 cases/100,000 pop). The highest rate reported was in the more undeveloped and rural municipality of Risaralda (Pueblo Rico, 57.7 cases/1000 pop, 2009). The burden of disease was concentrated in one department (>75% of the region). The use of GIS-based epidemiological maps helps to guide decision-making for the prevention and control of this public health problem that still represents a significant issue in the region and the country, particularly in children.
authors.affiliation: Research Group Public Health and Infection, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committee on Zoonoses and Hemorrhagic Fevers of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (Asociación Colombiana de Infectología, ACIN), Bogotá, Colombia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. Electronic address: arodriguezm@utp.edu.co.
authors.forename: Alfonso J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Morales
authors.affiliation: Research Group Public Health and Infection, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
authors.forename: César A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Orrego-Acevedo
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
authors.forename: Yazmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zambrano-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: García-Folleco
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Operative Direction of Public Health, Risaralda Department Secretary of Health, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Herrera-Giraldo
authors.affiliation: Regional Information System, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
authors.forename: Carlos O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Lozada-Riascos
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities / Q000453:epidemiology; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010965:Plasmodium malariae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019371:Topography, Medical
keywords: Colombia; Epidemiology; Geographic Information Systems; Malaria; Maps