title: [Applicability of the da Vinci robotic system in the skull base surgical approach. Preclinical investigation].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of robotic surgery is well established in various specialties such as urology and general surgery, but not in others such as neurosurgery and otolaryngology. In the case of surgery of the skull base, it has just emerged from an experimental phase.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate possible applications of the da Vinci surgical robot in transoral skull base surgery, comparing it with the authors' experience using conventional endoscopic transnasal surgery in the same region.
  
  
  METHODS
  A transoral transpalatal approach to the nasopharynx and medial skull base was performed on 4 cryopreserved cadaver heads. We used the da Vinci robot, a 30° standard endoscope 12mm thick, dual camera and dual illumination, Maryland forceps on the left terminal and curved scissors on the right, both 8mm thick. Bone drilling was performed manually. For the anatomical study of this region, we used 0.5cm axial slices from a plastinated cadaver head.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Various skull base structures at different depths were reached with relative ease with the robot terminals
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transoral robotic surgery with the da Vinci system provides potential advantages over conventional endoscopic transnasal surgery in the surgical approach to this region.
authors.affiliation: UGC de Otorrinolaringología, HU Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España. Electronic address: f.fernandeznogueras.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Nogueras Jimenez
authors.affiliation: UGC de Neurocirugía HU Carlos Haya, Málaga, España.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segura Fernandez-Nogueras
authors.affiliation: UGC de Neurocirugía, HU Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España.
authors.forename: Majed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jouma Katati
authors.affiliation: UGC de Neurocirugía HU Carlos Haya, Málaga, España.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Arraez Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Granada, España.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Roda Murillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Granada, España.
authors.forename: Indalecio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sánchez Montesinos
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Base del cráneo; Cirugía robótica transoral; Skull base; Transoral robotic surgery