title: A Multi-Target Approach toward the Development of Novel Candidates for Antidermatophytic Activity: Ultrastructural Evidence on α-Bisabolol-Treated Microsporum gypseum.
abstract: Multi-target strategies are directed toward targets that are unrelated (or distantly related) and can create opportunities to address different pathologies. The antidermatophytic activities of nine natural skin lighteners: α-bisabolol, kojic acid, β-arbutin, azelaic acid, hydroquinone, nicotinamide, glycine, glutathione and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, were evaluated, in comparison with the known antifungal drug fluconazole, on nine dermatophytes responsible for the most common dermatomycoses: Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Nannizzia cajetani, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Arthroderma gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans. α-Bisabolol showed the best antifungal activity against all fungi and in particular; against M. gypseum. Further investigations were conducted on this fungus to evaluate the inhibition of spore germination and morphological changes induced by α-bisabolol by TEM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, viale Caduti in Guerra 127, 41121 Modena, Italy. carlo.romagnoli@unimore.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. bldnna@unife.it.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baldisserotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. gemma.malisardi@unife.it.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malisardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. chiara.vicentini@unife.it.
authors.forename: Chiara B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Vicentini
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. donatella.mares@unife.it.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mares
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, viale Caduti in Guerra 127, 41121 Modena, Italy. unimore.itelisa.andreotti@unimore.it.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andreotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. silvia.vertuani@unife.it.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vertuani
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. mv9@unife.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manfredini
mesh_terms: D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008864:Microsporum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C004497:bisabolol
keywords: M. gypseum; TEM; antifungal activity; dermatophytes; skin lightener; α-bisabolol