title: Alpha-Pinene Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity Through the Suppression of MAPKs and the NF-κB Pathway in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages.
abstract: In this study, we found that alpha-pinene (α-pinene) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in mouse peritoneal macrophages. α-Pinene is found in the oils of many coniferous trees and rosemary. We investigated the inhibitory effects of α-Pinene on inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using mouse peritoneal macrophages. α-Pinene significantly decreased the LPS-induced production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO). α-Pinene also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, the activations of MAPKs and NF-κB were attenuated by means of α-pinene treatment. These results indicate that α-pinene has an anti-inflammatory effect and that it is a potential candidate as a new drug to treat various inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Seung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Deok
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yo-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Ye
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: JongWook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Beom Su
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, Yugok-dong, Kyungsan 712-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Isotope Sciences Lab, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Min
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Um
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D039821:Monoterpenes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C005451:alpha-pinene
keywords: Inflammation; Macrophage; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase; Nuclear factor-kappa B; α-Pinene