title: Biomineral/Agarose Composite Gels Enhance Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Osteogenic Capability.
abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formed on an organic polymer of agarose gel is a biomaterial that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. However, in critical bone defects, the regeneration capability of these materials is limited. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts. In this study, we loaded MSCs on HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose gel and cultured them with dexamethasone, which triggers the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. High alkaline phosphatase activity was detected on both the HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels; however, basal activity was only detected on bare agarose gel. Bone-specific osteocalcin content was detected on CaCO3-formed agarose gel on Day 14 of culture, and levels subsequently increased over time. Similar osteocalcin content was detected on HA-formed agarose on Day 21 and levels increased on Day 28. In contrast, only small amounts of osteocalcin were found on bare agarose gel. Consequently, osteogenic capability of MSCs was enhanced on CaCO3-formed agarose at an early stage, and both HA- and CaCO3-formed agarose gels well supported the capability at a later stage. Therefore, MSCs loaded on either HA- or CaCO3-formed agarose could potentially be employed for the repair of critical bone defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. suzawa@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzawa
authors.affiliation: Miyata Dental Clinic, Miyazaki 880-0902, Japan. Norihiko0409@ybb.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. s-iwai@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. yura@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yura
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0974, Japan. hajime-ohgushi@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohgushi
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 562-0871, Japan. akashi@chem.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akashi
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology; D005782:Gels; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012685:Sepharose / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005782:Gels; D015675:Osteocalcin; D012685:Sepharose; D017886:Durapatite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: agarose; bone; bone marrow; calcium carbonate; hydroxyapatite; mesenchymal stem cells; osteogenesis; tissue engineering