title: Erectile Dysfunction is Associated with Subsequent Cardiovascular and Respiratory Mortality in Cohort of 1,436 Chinese Elderly Men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erectile dysfunction (ED) is commonly shown to be associated with subsequent cardiovascular mortality, but not respiratory mortality, despite respiratory disease being highly prevalent among ED patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aim to examine associations of ED with all-cause and cause-specific (i.e., cardiovascular and respiratory) mortality in a prospective cohort of 1,436 Chinese men, followed up from 2001 for a median of 11.5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  ED measurement was based on a single question of four categories at the 4-year follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures include all-cause and cause-specific mortality (i.e., cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, classified according to the International Classification of Disease-version 10 [ICD-10]). Multivariable regression models estimated associations between ED and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for the presence of chronic conditions, and socio-demographics and lifestyle factors. For each category of disease-specific mortality, subjects with the corresponding diseases and death cases from other causes were excluded. Cancer mortality was included for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants who were completely impotent had significantly increased risk of all-cause (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.20-2.23), cardiovascular (HR = 3.94, 95% CI = 1.77-8.76) and respiratory mortality (HR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.46-6.81) compared with non-impotent participants, adjusting for chronic conditions, and socio-demographics and lifestyle factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ED is significantly associated with subsequent all-cause mortality, possibly via its association with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Primary care practitioners should pay attention to ED patients' cardiovascular and respiratory risk profiles, which may benefit their prognosis.
authors.affiliation: The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Roger Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Dicken
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.affiliation: The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Jason C S
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Francisco T T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Samuel Y S
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: COPD; Cardiovascular Diseases; Erectile Dysfunction; Prospective Studies