title: Combination of PAPPA, fhCGβ, AFP, PlGF, sTNFR1, and Maternal Characteristics in Prediction of Early-onset Preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of first-trimester markers-pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA), free human chorionic gonadotropin β (fhCGβ), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1) together with maternal characteristics (MC) for prediction of early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE).
  
  
  METHODS
  During 2005-2010, the abovementioned biomarkers were analyzed with logistic regression analysis in 64 EOPE and 752 control subjects to determine whether these biomarkers separately and in combination with MC would predict development of EOPE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAPPA, fhCGβ, and PlGF levels were lower, whereas AFP and sTNFR1 levels were higher in mothers with EOPE compared to controls. The combination of all markers with MC (age, weight, and smoking status) detected 48% of the mothers with EOPE, with a 10% false-positive rate (FPR).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First-trimester maternal serum levels of PAPPA, fhCGβ, AFP, PlGF, and sTNFR1, together with MC, are predictive of development of subsequent EOPE. These markers, along with MC, form a suitable panel for predicting EOPE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yliniemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Kaarin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makikallio
authors.affiliation: Department of PerkinElmer, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Teemu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korpimaki
authors.affiliation: Department of PerkinElmer, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kouru
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. ; Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marttala
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryynanen
keywords: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP); early-onset preeclampsia; free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (fhCGβ); placental growth factor (PlGF); pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA); soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1)