title: Dietary habits and leisure-time physical activity in relation to adiposity, dyslipidemia, and incident dysglycemia in the pathobiology of prediabetes in a biracial cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary and exercise data are frequently recorded in clinical research, but their correlation with metabolic measures needs further evaluation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the association of food and exercise habits with body size, lipid profile, and glycemia in a prospective biracial cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Pathobiology of Prediabetes in A Biracial Cohort study followed initially normoglycemic offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for the occurrence of incident prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). At enrollment, participants underwent a 75-gram OGTT, anthropometry, measurement of fasting lipids, insulin, and body fat (DEXA), and completed the Food Habits Questionnaire (FHQ), and Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ). We assessed the relationship between FHQ and MAQ scores and adiposity, cardiometabolic measures, and incident dysglycemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among our cohort of 338 subjects (188 black, 150 white; mean age {±SD} 45.2±10.2 years, BMI 30.3±7.2 kg/m(2)), FHQ and MAQ scores were individually correlated with BMI (r=0.14, -0.12; P=0.01, 0.03) and waist circumference (r=0.19, -0.11; P=0.004, 0.05). Diet-adjusted leisure activity (MAQ/FHQ) was significantly correlated with total body fat (r=-0.20, P=0.0007), trunk fat (r=-0.20, P=0.0006), and serum triglycerides (r=-0.17, P=0.003) and HDL cholesterol (r=0.11, P=0.04) levels. During 5.5 years of follow-up, 111 subjects (Progressors) developed prediabetes (n=101) or diabetes (n=10) and 227 remained normoglycemic (Non-progressors). Age, BMI, MAQ and MAQ/FHQ values were significant predictors of incident prediabetes/diabetes. Progressors reported similar dietary habits (FHQ score 2.57±0.49 vs. 2.57±0.53) but 30% lower physical activity (MAQ score 15.2±20.5 vs. 22.3±30.5 MET-hr/wk, P=0.015) compared with non-progressors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among African-American and Caucasian offspring of parents with T2DM, self-reported dietary and exercise habits correlated with measures of adiposity and dyslipidemia; however, physical activity, but not dietary recall, significantly predicted incident dysglycemia during 5.5 years of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.affiliation: The Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: E A Omoluyi
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Adesanya
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Ibiye
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Owei
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gilles
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Sotonte
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebenibo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Chimaroke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Edeoga
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. Electronic address: sdj@uthsc.edu.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dagogo-Jack
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American
keywords: Body fat; Dyslipidemia; Ethnicity; Prediabetes; Prospective study