title: Developing predictive assays: the phenotypic screening "rule of 3".
abstract: Phenotypic drug discovery approaches can positively affect the translation of preclinical findings to patients. However, not all phenotypic assays are created equal. A critical question then follows: What are the characteristics of the optimal assays? We analyze this question and propose three specific criteria related to the disease relevance of the assay-system, stimulus, and end point-to help design the most predictive phenotypic assays.
authors.affiliation: Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA. fabien.vincent@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Loria
authors.affiliation: Rare Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pregel
authors.affiliation: Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.affiliation: Neusentis Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kitching
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Inflammation Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nocka
authors.affiliation: Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors.forename: Regis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doyonnas
authors.affiliation: Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steppan
authors.affiliation: Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schroeter
authors.affiliation: Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors.forename: Marie-Claire
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Peakman
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype