title: A comparison of manual versus automated saturation of peripheral oxygenation in the neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is vital to maintain the saturation of peripheral oxygenation (SpO2) in a targeted range in extremely premature infants to improve survival without significant morbidities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare manual versus automated monitor documentations of daily upper and lower values of SpO2 in premature infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective observational study, the highest and lowest daily SpO2 manually recorded values from electronic medical records were compared with automatically recorded values from bedside cardiorespiratory monitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen infants were monitored for 605 patient days, with a mean birth weight of 859 ± 183 g, and gestational age of 26.0 ± 1.3 wks. Within the lowest SpO2 values, manually recorded values were consistently higher than the simultaneous automatically recorded monitor values. The highest SpO2 point differences in documentation was seen in patients with SpO2 range ≤ 70% (16 ± 13 points), followed by 71-80% (10 ± 7 points) and 81-90% (7 ± 4 points); p < 0.01.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The difference between manually and automatically recorded SpO2 is large in lower SpO2 ranges and small in higher SpO2 ranges. Automated oxygen administering systems should be considered to reduce potential errors.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA .
authors.forename: Anirudha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA .
authors.forename: Maroun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mhanna
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA .
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teleron-Khorshad
authors.affiliation: b Information Services, The MetroHealth System , Cleveland , OH , USA .
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Houdek
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA .
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: c Center for Health Care Research & Policy, Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA , and.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gunzler
authors.affiliation: d Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collin
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature / Q000097:blood*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Automated; manual; monitor; neonatal; prematurity; saturation of peripheral oxygenation