title: Protocatechuic Acid Inhibits Inflammatory Responses in LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia via NF-κB and MAPKs Signaling Pathways.
abstract: Protocatechuic acid (PA), a major metabolite of anthocyanins, has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effects of PA on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in microglia have not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of PA on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. The production of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2 were detected by ELISA. TLR4, NF-κB and MAPKs activation were detected by western blotting. Our results demonstrated that PA dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2 production. In addition, PA suppressed LPS-induced TLR4 expression, NF-κB and MAPKs activation, which resulted in the inhibition of inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, these results suggested that PA exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia and the mechanisms were involved in the inhibition of TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Cerebral Vascular and Neural Degenerative Disease Key Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
authors.forename: Huan-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin-Huan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Quan-Feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yi-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C009091:protocatechuic acid