title: Silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans and their cytotoxic effect.
abstract: Microbial resistance represents a challenge for the scientific community to develop new bioactive compounds. The goal of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against a clinical isolate of Streptococcus mutans, antibiofilm activity against mature S. mutans biofilms and the compatibility with human fibroblasts. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs against the planktonic clinical isolate was size and concentration dependent, with smaller AgNPs having a lower minimum inhibitory concentration. A reduction of 2.3 log in the number of colony-forming units of S. mutans was observed when biofilms grown in a CDC reactor were exposed to 100 ppm of AgNPs of 9.5±1.1 nm. However, AgNPs at high concentrations (>10 ppm) showed a cytotoxic effect upon human dermal fibroblasts. AgNPs effectively inhibited the growth of a planktonic S. mutans clinical isolate and killed established S. mutans biofilms, which suggests that AgNPs could be used for prevention and treatment of dental caries. Further research and development are necessary to translate this technology into therapeutic and preventive strategies.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mario Alberto
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pérez-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boegli
authors.affiliation: Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
authors.forename: Garth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velasquillo
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rita-Elizabeth
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriel Alejandro
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Castañón
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Electronic address: fidel@uaslp.mx.
authors.forename: Fidel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinez-Gutierrez
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012834:Silver
keywords: Anti-biofilm activity; Biofilm; CDC reactor; Fibroblasts; Silver nanoparticles; Streptococcus mutans