title: Cytocompatibility of Biodentine using a three-dimensional cell culture model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Biodentine, using a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture associated with an in situ root-end filling experimental model. White mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and zinc oxide cement were used as reference for comparison. IL-1α and TNF-α cytokine production were also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The root canals of 24 human maxillary incisor teeth were prepared using a single-file reciprocating technique. After root filling, a 3-mm root-end resection was performed and 3 mm of gutta-percha was removed from the canal. The teeth were randomly distributed to receive one of the following root-end filling materials: Biodentine, white MTA or zinc oxide cement (positive control group). In the negative control group, the root canal was not retro-filled. The cytocompatibility of the materials was evaluated using the methyl-thiazol-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay in an in situ root-end filling experimental model. Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts, cultured in rat tail collagen type I 3D scaffold, were exposed to the root apex for 24 h, and cell viability was measured by means of reduction MTT salt. IL-1α and TNF-α production were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One-way analysis of variance was performed and, when the F-ratios were significant, data were compared by Duncan's multiple-range test. The alpha-type error was set at 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biodentine and MTA groups had similar cell activity to the negative control group (P > 0.05), indicating low cytotoxicity for both materials. The stronger cytotoxicity effect was identified on the zinc oxide cement (P < 0.05). Zinc oxide cement caused a significant up-regulation in IL-1α and TNF-α (P < 0.05). No significant differences amongst MTA, Biodentine and the negative control group were observed for TNF-α (P > 0.05); however, both MTA and Biodentine were associated with overproduction of IL-1α when compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biodentine and MTA had similar cytocompatibility in a 3D cell culture model associated with an in situ root-end filling model. The methodology could be used as an alternative to assess the cytocompatibility of endodontic cements because it is more closely related to the in vivo situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: E J N L
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Senna
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De-Deus
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zaia
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010087:Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C506393:tricalcium silicate; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: 3D cell culture; Biodentine; MTA; cytotoxicity