title: Pediatric emergency department visits and hospitalizations due to food-induced anaphylaxis in Illinois.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rates of food-induced anaphylaxis among children remain uncertain. In addition, little is known about the demographics of children who have experienced food-induced anaphylaxis resulting in emergency department (ED) visits and/or subsequent hospitalizations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate trends in ED visits and hospital admissions due to food-induced anaphylaxis among Illinois children and to identify socioeconomic variation in trend distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Illinois hospital discharge data compiled by the Illinois Hospital Association were used to identify ED visits or hospitalizations for food-induced anaphylaxis in Illinois hospitals from 2008-2012. Data for children aged 0 to 19 years who were Illinois residents and received a diagnosis of food-induced anaphylaxis based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (995.60 through 995.69) were included for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the rate of ED visits and hospital admissions due to food-induced anaphylaxis among children in Illinois during the 5-year period, with an annual percent increase of 29.1% from 6.3 ED visits and hospital admissions per 100,000 children in 2008 to 17.2 in 2012 (P < .001). Increases in visit frequency were observed for all study variables, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type, metropolitan status, hospital type, and allergenic food. Visits were most frequent each year for Asian children and children with private insurance. However, the annual percent increase in visits was most pronounced among Hispanic children (44.3%, P < .001) and children with public insurance (30.2%, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ED visits and hospital admissions for food-induced anaphylaxis have increased during a 5-year period among children in Illinois, regardless of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
authors.affiliation: Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ashley A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.affiliation: Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Claudia H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Tracie L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare Edward J. Hines, Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Bridget M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare Edward J. Hines, Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: r-gupta@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Ruchi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012923:Social Class; D013383:Suburban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult