title: Alcohol Attributable Fraction for Injury Morbidity from the Dose-Response Relationship of Acute Alcohol Consumption: Emergency Department Data from 18 Countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To calculate the alcohol-attributable fraction (AAF) of injury morbidity by volume of consumption prior to injury based on newly reported relative risk (RR) estimates.
  
  
  METHODS
  AAF estimates based on the dose-response RR estimates obtained from previous pair-matched case-crossover fractional polynomial analysis of mean volume in volume categories were calculated from the prevalence of drinking prior to injury in each volume category.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven emergency departments (EDs) across 18 countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Probability samples of patients, with equal representation of each shift for each day of the week, totaling 14,026 who arrived at the ED within six hours of injury from ED studies conducted between 2001 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  AAF was analyzed by gender, age (18-30; >30), cause of injury (traffic, assault, fall, other), and country detrimental drinking pattern (DDP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the EDs analyzed, 16.4% of all injuries were estimated to be attributable to alcohol, and the AAF did not vary by age but was over twice as large for males (20.6%; 19.3-21.8) than for females (8.6%; 7.5-9.7%). While females were at greater risk of injury than males at higher volume levels, lower prevalence of women drinking at higher levels contributed to overall lower AAF for women. Assault-related injuries showed the largest AAF (44.1%; 37.6-42.6). AAF was slightly higher for injuries from falls (14.3%; 12.9-15.7) than motor vehicle crashes (11.1%; 9.3-12.9). AAF was higher in those countries with a DDP of 3 (18.6; 17.5-19.7) and 4 (19.4%; 17.3-21.6) than those with a DDP of 2 (12.0%; 10.5-13.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol-attributable injuries presenting in emergency departments are higher for males than females, for violence-related injuries compared with other types of injury, and for countries with more detrimental drinking patterns compared with those with less detrimental patterns.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Group, 6475 Christie Avenue Suite 400, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
authors.forename: Cheryl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cherpitel
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Group, 6475 Christie Avenue Suite 400, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Group, 6475 Christie Avenue Suite 400, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria, Tlalpan, Mexico, DF, MEXICO.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Maristela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Hunan Medical University, Changsa, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol; alcohol attributable fraction; dose-response; emergency department; gender; injury; motor vehicle; violence