title: Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells.
abstract: Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. First, some variables involved in the extraction were applied. SFE conditions were selected based on the oil mass yield, fatty acid profile and total phenolic composition. As a result, 40 °C and 300 bar were selected as operational conditions. The phenolic composition of the grape seed oil was determined using LC-DAD. The antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH assays. For the anti-inflammatory activity the inhibition of nitrite production was assessed. The grape seed oil extracted was rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. From these results, added economic value to this agroindustrial residue is proposed using environmentally friendly techniques.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ruiz del Castillo
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Gracia Patricia
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Blanch
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flores
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils