title: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of single-entity, once-daily hydrocodone tablets in patients with uncontrolled moderate to severe chronic low back pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with an enriched enrollment, randomized withdrawal design was conducted to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of single-entity, once-daily hydrocodone 20 to 120 mg tablets (HYD) in opioid-naive and opioid-experienced patients with uncontrolled moderate to severe chronic low back pain (CLBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary endpoint was week 12 pain intensity scores (11-point scale, 0 = no pain) using a mixed effect model with repeated measures incorporating a pattern mixture model framework. Responder analysis was a secondary endpoint. Safety was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 905 patients who were treated with HYD during the open-label titration period, 588 (65%) were randomized to continue to receive HYD (n = 296, 20 - 120 mg taken once daily, average daily dose 57 mg) or a matching placebo (n = 292). HYD demonstrated superior pain reduction (p = 0.0016); this result was supported by sensitivity analyses using different approaches to handling missing data. Proportions of patients achieving ≥ 30 and ≥ 50% improvement in pain from screening to week 12 also favored HYD (p = 0.0033 and 0.0225, respectively). HYD was generally well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HYD was shown to be an efficacious treatment for CLBP in this study. There were no new or unexpected safety concerns detected.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research, Purdue Pharma L.P. , One Stamford Forum, Stamford, CT 06901 , USA +1 203 588 7631 ; +1 203 588 7423 ; Warren.Wen@pharma.com.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sitar
authors.forename: Shau Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Ellie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ripa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006853:Hydrocodone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013607:Tablets; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D013607:Tablets; D006853:Hydrocodone
keywords: chronic low back pain; hydrocodone; opioid; randomized controlled trial