title: Genetic markers of type 2 diabetes: Progress in genome-wide association studies and clinical application for risk prediction.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a leading public health challenge worldwide. To date, a total of 83 susceptibility loci for T2D have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Application of meta-analysis and modern genotype imputation approaches to GWAS data from diverse ethnic populations has been key in the effort to discover T2D loci. Genetic information is expected to play a vital role in the prediction of T2D, and many efforts have been made to develop T2D risk models that include both conventional and genetic risk factors. Yet, because most T2D genetic variants identified have small effect size individually (10%-20% increased risk of T2D per risk allele), their clinical utility remains unclear. Most studies report that a genetic risk score combining multiple T2D genetic variants does not substantially improve T2D risk prediction beyond conventional risk factors. In this article, we summarize the recent progress of T2D GWAS and further review the incremental predictive performance of genetic markers for T2D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xueyin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Garrett
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strizich
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Qibin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: 2型糖尿病; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; genetics; genome-wide association studies; type 2 diabetes; 全基因组关联研究; 接受者操作特征曲线下面积; 遗传学