title: A Jekyll and Hyde Profile: Type 1 Interferon Signaling Plays a Prominent Role in the Initiation and Maintenance of a Persistent Virus Infection.
abstract: The hallmarks of persistent viral infections are exhaustion of virus-specific T cells, elevated production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) the dominant negative regulators of the immune system and disruption of secondary lymphoid tissues. Within the first 12-24 hours after mice are infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13, which is used as a model of persistent virus infection, we note generation of high titers of type 1 interferon. Blockade of type 1 interferon significantly lessens IL-10 and PD-1/PD-L1, allows normal secondary lymphoid architecture and re-establishes antiviral T-cell function, thus eradicating the virus and clearing the infection. Hence, type 1 interferon is a master reostat for establishing persistent viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Michael B A
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Oldstone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D007370:Interferon Type I; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: persistent viral infection; regulation of IL-10 and PD-1/PD-L1; type 1 interferon