title: Physical activity in adolescents who later developed schizophrenia: A prospective case-control study from the Young-HUNT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adults suffering from schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders report low levels of physical activity. In addition, these patients have an increased risk of overweight and poor nutritional habits. Less is known about patterns and levels of physical activity before the onset of disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there were specific patterns of physical activity in the premorbid phase of schizophrenia and whether these participants differed from those with bipolar disorder (BD). A group of healthy controls (HC) was also included.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a prospective, longitudinal, comparative cohort design in which 15 adolescents who later developed schizophrenia and 18 with later BD were compared with HC. Data were analysed using non-parametric statistical tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were less physically active with fewer days per week (p < 0.05) and fewer hours per week (p < 0.05) in the premorbid phase than both BD and HC. They also participated less in team sports than HC (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that individuals who develop schizophrenia in their teens may be at risk of establishing a lifestyle harmful to health. From a preventive perspective it is important to gain more knowledge about the connections between health habits and later development of disease.
authors.affiliation: a Arne Okkenhaug, Department of Psychiatry , Levanger Hospital, North Troendelag Health Trust , Norway.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okkenhaug
authors.affiliation: b Torbjørn Tanem, Department of Psychiatry , Outpatient Unit, Levanger Hospital, North Troendelag Health Trust , Norway.
authors.forename: Torbjørn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanem
authors.affiliation: c Asbjørn Johansen, Department of Psychiatry , Unit of Psychosis, Levanger Hospital, North Troendelag Health Trust , Norway.
authors.forename: Asbjørn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: d Ulla Kristina Romild, Scientific Unit, Levanger Hospital, North Troendelag Health Trust, Norway and Folkhälsomyndigheten, Drog- och spelprevention , Østersund , Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulla Kristina
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Romild
authors.affiliation: e Hans Morten Nordahl, Department of Psychology , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway.
authors.forename: Hans Morten
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Nordahl
authors.affiliation: f Bjørn Gjervan, Department of Psychiatry , Levanger Hospital, North Troendelag Health Trust , Norway , Institute of Neuromedicine, Norwegian University of Technology and Science, NTNU.
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gjervan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescent; Bipolar disorder; Physical activity; Premorbid; Schizophrenia