title: Global policy and access to new hepatitis C therapies for people who inject drugs.
abstract: People who inject drugs (PWID) are disproportionately affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV). This review outlines policy recommendations made in the 2014 World Health Organisation (WHO) Guidelines on Screening, Care and Treatment of HCV and their relevance to PWID. It also canvasses issues that will affect translation of these global guidelines into practice. The first global HCV guidelines released by WHO have recently advocated targeted HCV testing for PWID, assessment of liver disease and support for alcohol reduction during care. They also strongly advocate treatment using currently licensed direct-acting antiviral agents for all individuals, in particular PWID as a key affected population. New HCV treatment regimens have the potential to cure more than 90% of treated individuals. Scaling-up treatment among PWID has the potential to improve individual and population health by reducing HCV transmission, improving quality of life and supporting behaviour modifications that lead to less risk-taking over time. PWID face several barriers to accessing HCV care and treatment that need to be overcome. Testing services need re-orientation toward PWID, individuals need to be informed of their results and provided with direct linkage to ongoing care. Health services need to provide care in the community using simpler, cheaper and more accessible modes of delivery. Healthcare costs and pharmaceutical costs need to be minimised so PWID, who are highly marginalised, can access HCV treatment. Sustained scale-up of treatment for PWID could simultaneously improve individual health and achieve the goal of eliminating HCV transmission among this high-risk and vulnerable group.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia; School of Population Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: j.doyle@burnet.edu.au.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK; Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Esther J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Aspinall
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK; Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Sharon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: World Hepatitis Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.affiliation: Department of HIV/AIDS, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Wiktor
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Population Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hellard
mesh_terms: D006291:Health Policy / Q000639:trends*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Global policy; Hepatitis C virus; People who inject drugs; Treatment access