title: MKK3 deletion improves mitochondrial quality.
abstract: Sepsis, a severe response to infection, leads to excessive inflammation and is the major cause of mortality in intensive care units. Mitochondria have been shown to influence the outcome of septic injury. We have previously shown that MAP kinase kinase 3 (MKK3)(-/-) mice are resistant to septic injury and MKK3(-/-) macrophages have improved mitochondrial function. In this study we examined processes that lead to improved mitochondrial quality in MKK3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and specifically the role of mitophagy in mitochondrial health. MKK3(-/-) MEFs had lower inflammatory cytokine release and oxidant production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, confirming our earlier observations. MKK3(-/-) MEFs had better mitochondrial function as measured by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP, even after LPS treatment. We observed higher mitophagy in MKK3(-/-) MEFs compared to wild type (WT). Transmission electron microscopy studies showed longer and larger mitochondria in MKK3(-/-) MEFs, indicative of healthier mitochondria. We performed a SILAC (stable isotope labeling by/with amino acids in cell culture) study to assess differences in mitochondrial proteome between WT and MKK3(-/-) MEFs and observed increased expression of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes and respiratory complex subunits. Further, inhibition of mitophagy by Mdivi1 led to loss in MMP and increased cytokine secretion after LPS treatment in MKK3(-/-) MEFs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MKK3 influences mitochondrial quality by affecting the expression of mitochondrial proteins, including TCA cycle enzymes, and mitophagy, which consequently regulates the inflammatory response. Based on our results, MKK3 could be a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases like sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
authors.forename: Anup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGinniss
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shinn
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA; W.M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: TuKiet T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
authors.forename: Patty J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA. Electronic address: praveen.mannam@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mannam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D048371:MAP Kinase Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D063306:Mitophagy / Q000235:genetics; D018805:Sepsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D048371:MAP Kinase Kinase 3; C482531:Map2k3 protein, mouse
keywords: Cytokines; Free radicals; Inflammation; MKK3; Mitochondria; Mitophagy; Oxidative phosphorylation