title: Arsenic in rice and diets of children.
abstract: Levels of arsenic in Australian and imported rice (n = 36) were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for total arsenic and a hyphenated high-performance liquid chromatography ICP-MS system for arsenic species. The study also assessed the daily intake of total As from diets of healthy children (n = 15), collected over three consecutive days. A wide variation of total As levels (range: <0.05-0.42 mg/kg) in Australian and imported rice was found. The mean level of total As (0.24 ± 0.09 mg/kg, n = 10) in the Australian rice was relatively higher than imported rice from other countries (0.09 ± 0.04 mg/kg, n = 26). The mean level (0.25 ± 0.08 mg/kg, n = 7) of dimethylarsenic acid was considerably higher than that of inorganic As (III) (0.07 ± 0.03 mg/kg, n = 7) in the Australian rice. Children's daily intakes of total As varied widely, ranging from 1.7 to 31.2 (11.5 ± 8.9 µg/day), which was comparable to other countries.
authors.affiliation: a Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services , Public Health Sciences , Coopers Plains , Australia.
authors.forename: Ujang
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tinggi
authors.forename: Niikee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schoendorfer
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheelings
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jurd
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piispanen
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D001315:Australia; D002101:Cacodylic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002101:Cacodylic Acid; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: arsenic; arsenic intakes; children; diets; rice