title: The impact of migration on deaths and hospital admissions from work-related injuries in Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The shift from an industrial to a service-based economy has seen a decline in work-related injuries (WRIs) and mortality. How this relates to migrant workers, who traditionally held high-risk jobs is unknown. This study examined deaths and hospital admissions from WRI, among foreign and Australian-born workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tabulated population data from the 1991 to 2011 censuses, national deaths 1991-2002 and hospital admission for 2001-10. Direct age standardised mortality and hospital admission rates (DSRs) and rate ratios (RRs) were derived to examine differences in work-related mortality/hospital admissions by gender, country of birth, employment skill level and years of residence in Australia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DSRs and RRs were generally lower or no different between Australian and foreign-born workers. Among men, mortality DSRs were lower for nine of 16 country of birth groups, and hospital admissions DSRs for 14 groups. An exception was New Zealand-born men, with 9% (95%CI 9-13) excess mortality and 24% (95%CI 22-26) excess hospital admissions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four decades ago, foreign-born workers were generally at higher risk of WRI than Australian-born. This pattern has reversed. The local-born comprise 75% of the population and a pro-active approach to health and safety regulation could achieve large benefits.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Western Australia.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia.
authors.forename: Nieves
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.affiliation: Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lenguerrand
authors.affiliation: Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Seeromanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harding
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000401:mortality*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Australia; country of birth; migrants; work-related injury fatalities