title: Developments in labour analgesia and their use in Australia.
abstract: Since the introduction of chloroform for labour analgesia in 1847, different methods and medications have been used to relieve the pain of labour. The use of heavy sedative medication in the early 1900s was encouraged by enthusiastic doctors and by women empowered by the women's suffrage movement in America. Nitrous oxide by inhalation has been used in Australia since the 1950s and improved methods of administration have made this method of analgesia safe and practical. Caudal epidural analgesia and lumbar epidural analgesia were first made popular in America and by the 1970s these techniques were more widely available in Australia. In 1847, physicians and the public were unsure whether relieving labour pains was the 'right' thing to do. However, many medical and social changes have occurred thanks to the clinical connection between Australia and the United Kingdom and those first settlers to land on Australian shores. Thanks to this historical connection, in today's Australia there is no question that women should use analgesia as a pain relief if they wish. Currently, the majority of women worldwide use some form of analgesia during labour and different methods are widely available. This paper discusses the four milestones of the development of obstetric analgesia and how they were introduced into patient care in Australia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital and the University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Eley
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital and School of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van Zundert
mesh_terms: D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D001315:Australia; D002725:Chloroform / Q000266:history; D005260:Female; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D048949:Labor Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000266:history; D059408:Pain Management / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D002725:Chloroform; D009609:Nitrous Oxide
keywords: Australia; analgesia; chloroform; epidural; hypnotics and sedatives; nitrous oxide; obstetric; pain; twilight sleep