title: Clinical application of 3D display device in ophthalmology: measurement of metamorphopsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a new tool for detecting metamorphopsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of diagnostic test. Novel tool for measuring metamorphopsia was developed using commercial 3D display. Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with macular disease, which included epiretinal membrane, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy and macular hole, as confirmed by macular optical coherence tomography were tested with Amsler grid and novel method. The subjective perception of metamorphopsia and its effect on the lives of the participants with macular disease was also evaluated using a brief questionnaire. The sensitivity and specificity to subjective perception of metamorphopsia were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 97.7%, respectively, using the Amsler grid test, and 100% and 90.7%, respectively, using the 3D novel metamorphopsia test developed for this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection rate of metamorphopsia in macular disease using novel metamorphopsia test was significantly higher than that using the Amsler grid test. This novel approach to detecting for metamorphopsia can also be used at home for self-assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Taek
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009885:Ophthalmology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Amsler grid; macula; macular degeneration; metamorphopsia