title: Recent advances and perspectives in molecular epidemiology of Taenia solium cysticercosis.
abstract: Cysticercosis caused by accidental ingestion of eggs of Taenia solium is spreading all over the world through globalization and is one of the most neglected, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) or neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs). In the present study, the reason why T. solium cysticercosis has been neglected is discussed at first, and followed with an overview on the most recent advances and perspectives in molecular approaches for epidemiology of T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis, since although taeniasis does not constitute recognized zoonoses, transmission and complete development are dependent on human definitive hosts. Main topics are discussions on (1) the two, Asian and Afro/American, genotypes of T. solium, (2) comparative analysis of mitochondrial (haploid) and nuclear (diploid) genes, and (3) the presence of hybrids of these two genotypes which indicates out-crossing of two genotypes in hermaphrodite tapeworms in Madagascar. Additional topics are on (4) the usefulness of phylogeographic analyses to discuss where the infection was acquired from, and (5) miscellaneous unsolved topics around these genetic diversity of T. solium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan. Electronic address: akiraito@asahikawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan. Electronic address: yanagi-t@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagida
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan. Electronic address: nakao@asahikawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003551:Cysticercosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008270:Madagascar / Q000453:epidemiology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D041201:Taenia solium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D016054:DNA, Protozoan
keywords: Asian vs Afro/American genotypes; Hermaphrodite; Madagascar; Mitochondrial DNA; Neglected tropical disease; Neglected zoonotic disease; Nuclear DNA; Outcrossing; Selfing; Taenia solium