title: Ginsenoside Rd Protects SH-SY5Y Cells against 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Induced Injury.
abstract: Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd), one of the main active monomer compounds from the medical plant Panax ginseng, has been shown to promote neuronal survival in models of ischemic cerebral damage. As an extending study, here we examined whether GSRd could exert a beneficial effect in an experimental Parkinson disease (PD) model in vitro, in which SH-SY5Y cells were injured by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), an active metabolic product of the classical Parkinsonian toxin1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Our results, from the addition of different concentrations of GSRd (1, 10 and 50 μM), showed that GSRd at 1 and 10 μM could significantly attenuate MPP+-induced cell death. This protective effect may be ascribed to its ability to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, enhance antioxidant enzymatic activities, preserve the activity of respiratory complex I, stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential and increase intracellular ATP levels. Additionally, the PI3K/Akt survival-signaling pathway was also involved in the protective effect of GSRd. Finally, using a mouse PD model in vivo, we also found that GSRd obviously reversed the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in substanitia nigra induced by MPTP. Thus, our findings demonstrated that GSRd showed a significant neuro-protective effect against experimental PD models, which may involve its antioxidant effects and mitochondrial function preservation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. adrainyoung@126.com.|153rd Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Zhengzhou 450007, China. adrainyoung@126.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Cadet Brigade of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. firstzry@126.com.
authors.forename: Ren-Yu
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 316th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China. zhaozhi1619@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Cadet Brigade of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. qiushui1994@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. fengdy@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dong-Yun
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. wurui1124@126.com.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. biomidas@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. zhaogang@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000633:toxicity; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000378:metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D020267:MPTP Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000975:Antioxidants; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: MPP+; Parkinson’s disease; SH-SY5Y; ginsenoside Rd; neuroprotection; reactive oxygen species