title: Evaluation of the Various Drying Methods on Surface Hardness of Type IV Dental Stone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies regarding the effect of various methods to increase the surface hardness of Type IV dental stone are not conclusive. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of air drying, micro oven drying and die hardener on surface hardness of Type IV dental stone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standard metal die was fabricated; polyvinyl siloxane impression material was used to make the molds of metal die. A total of 120 specimens were obtained from two different die stones and were grouped as Group A (kalrock) and Group B (pearl stone), and were subjected to air drying for 24 h, micro oven drying and application of die hardener. These models were then subjected to surface hardness testing using the knoop hardness instrument. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hardness of Group A specimens was 64 ± 0.54 Knoop hardness number (KHN) after application of die hardener, 60.47 ± 0.41 KHN after 24 h air drying, 58.2 ± 0.88 after microwave oven drying and 24.6 ± 0.4 after 1 h air drying. The hardness of Group B specimens was 45.59 ± 0.63 KHN after application of die hardener, 40.2 ± 0.63 KHN after 24 h air drying, 38.28 ± 0.55 KHN after microwave oven drying and 19.91 ± 0.64 KHN after 1 h air drying.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group A showed better results than Group B at all times. Application of the die hardener showed highest hardness values followed in the order by 24 h air drying, microwave oven drying and 1 h air drying in both groups. The study showed that air drying the dies for 24 h followed by application of a single layer of the die hardener produced the best surface hardness and is recommended to be followed in practice.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudhakar
authors.affiliation: Professor & Principal, Department of Prosthodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srivatsa
authors.affiliation: Professor & Head, Department of Prosthodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rajeswari
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manvi
keywords: Air drying; Type IV dental stone; microwave oven drying; surface hardness