title: Eye surface temperature detects stress response in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus).
abstract: Previous studies have suggested that stressors not only increase body core temperature but also body surface temperature in many animals. However, it remains unclear whether surface temperature could be used as an alternative to directly measure body core temperature, particularly in birds. We investigated whether surface temperature is perceived as a stress response in budgerigars. Budgerigars have been used as popular animal models to investigate various neural mechanisms such as visual perception, vocal learning, and imitation. Developing a new technique to understand the basic physiological mechanism would help neuroscience researchers. First, we found that cloacal temperature correlated with eye surface temperature. Second, eye surface temperature increased after handling stress. Our findings suggest that eye surface temperature is closely related to cloacal temperature and that the stress response can be measured by eye surface temperature in budgerigars.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo bDepartment of Humanities and Sociology, Aichi University, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikkatai
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000503:physiopathology; D005123:Eye / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D046408:Melopsittacus; D012621:Seasons; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013696:Temperature