title: Analgesic and anti-Inflammatory effect of UP3005, a botanical composition Containing two standardized extracts of Uncaria gambir and Morus alba.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation exhibited by clinical symptoms such as joint swelling, synovitis, and inflammatory pain. Present day pain relief therapeutics heavily relies on the use of prescription and over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as the first line of defense where their long-term usage causes detrimental gastrointestinal and cardiovascular-related side-effects. As a result, the need for evidence based safer and efficacious alternatives from natural sources to overcome the most prominent and disabling symptoms of arthritis is a necessity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Describe the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of UP3005, a composition that contains a standardized blend of two extracts from the leaf of Uncaria gambir and the root bark of Morus alba in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, abdominal constriction (writhing's) and ear swelling assays in mouse with oral dose ranges of 100-400 mg/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo, statistically significant improvement in pain resistance, and suppression of paw edema and ear thickness in animals treated with UP3005 were observed compared with vehicle-treated diseased rats and mice. Ibuprofen was used a reference compound in all the studies. In vitro, enzymatic inhibition activities of UP3005 were determined with IC50 values of 12.4 μg/ml, 39.8 μg/ml and 13.6 μg/ml in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-1), COX-2 and lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme activity assay, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that UP3005, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent of botanical origin with balanced dual COX-LOX inhibition activity, could potentially be used for symptom management of OA.
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA ; Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea.
authors.forename: Mesfin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yimam
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Woo
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
authors.forename: Breanna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ran
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA ; Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea.
authors.forename: Eu-Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA ; Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Unigen, Inc., 3005 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA ; Unigen, Inc. #450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Korea.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jia
keywords: Chronic pain; Cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase dual inhibitor; Morus alba; Osteoarthritis; Uncaria gambir