title: The academic productivity and impact of the University of Toronto Neurosurgery Program as assessed by manuscripts published and their number of citations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent works have assessed academic output across neurosurgical programs using various analyses of accumulated citations as a proxy for academic activity and productivity. These assessments have emphasized North American neurosurgical training centers and have largely excluded centers outside the United States. Because of the long tradition and level of academic activity in neurosurgery at the University of Toronto, the authors sought to compare that program's publication and citation metrics with those of established programs in the US as documented in the literature. So as to not rely on historical achievements that may be of less relevance, they focused on recent works, that is, those published in the most recent complete 5-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors sought to make their data comparable to existing published data from other programs. To this end, they compiled a list of published papers by neurosurgical faculty at the University of Toronto for the period from 2009 through 2013 using the Scopus database. Individual author names were disambiguated; the total numbers of papers and citations were compiled on a yearly basis. They computed a number of indices, including the ih(5)-index (i.e., the number of citations the papers received over a 5-year period), the summed h-index of the current faculty over time, and a number of secondary measures, including the ig(5), ie(5), and i10(5)-indices. They also determined the impact of individual authors in driving the results using Gini coefficients. To address the issue of author ambiguity, which can be problematic in multicenter bibliometric analyses, they have provided a source dataset used to determine the ih(5) index for the Toronto program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The University of Toronto Neurosurgery Program had approximately 29 full-time surgically active faculty per year (not including nonneurosurgical faculty) in the 5-year period from 2009 to 2013. These faculty published a total of 1217 papers in these 5 years. The total number of citations from these papers was 13,434. The ih(5)-index at the University of Toronto was 50.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of comparison with published bibliometric data of US programs, the University of Toronto ranks first in terms of number of publications, number of citations, and ih(5)-index among neurosurgical programs in North America and most likely in the world.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto;
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto;
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto;|Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children; and.
authors.forename: Abhaya V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto;|Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Andres M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lozano
mesh_terms: D015706:Bibliometrics; D004526:Efficiency; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000193:education*; D009864:Ontario; D011642:Publications / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011643:Publishing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: academic neurosurgery; bibliometrics; e-index; g-index; h-index; i10-index; ih(5)-index