title: Anti-Obesity Effects of the Mixture of Eriobotrya japonica and Nelumbo nucifera in Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
abstract: The present study is to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of Eriobotrya japonica (EJ), Nelumbo nucifera (NN), and their mixture (MIX, 1:1 ratio) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The treatment of EJ, NN, and MIX in 3T3-L1 adipocytes effectively inhibited lipid accumulation, significantly decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1c), and adipocyte lipid-binding protein (aP2), and significantly increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, oral treatment of MIX showed stronger effects than individual treatment. C57BL/6J mice (6 week old) were divided into two groups; low fat diet (LFD) containing 10% calories from fat and high fat diet (HFD) containing 60% calories from fat. The HFD groups were further divided into five subgroups; treated with distilled water (HFD), treated with 400 mg/kg EJ (EJ400), treated with 400 mg/kg NN (NN400), treated with 200 mg/kg MIX (MIX200), and treated with 400 mg/kg MIX (MIX400) during 13 weeks. In our results, the administration of EJ, NN, and MIX significantly decreased body weight (BW), fat weight, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), lipid droplets in the liver, food efficacy ratio, and the plasma TG, TC, glucose, insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in a dose-dependent manner, and MIX treatment showed stronger effect than their individual treatments. Similarly, MIX treatment decreased the expression of PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC more strongly in the adipose tissue than single treatments. In conclusion, the MIX of EJ and NN extract may strongly regulate BW gain than EJ or NN alone, and its anti-obesity effect is associated with the control of lipid metabolism, including adipogenesis and lipogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute of Korean Medicine Industry, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bhesh Raj
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute of Korean Medicine Industry, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Food & Nutrition, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korea INS Pharm Inc., Jeonnam 519-882, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 1370, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Shik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute of Korean Medicine Industry, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea.|Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
authors.forename: Dong Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Rhyu
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D031983:Eriobotrya / Q000737:chemistry*; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000737:chemistry*; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: 3T3-L1 Adipocytes; Eriobotrya japonica; High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice; Lipid Metabolism; Nelumbo nucifera