title: Risk factors for multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients in Amhara National Regional State.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multidrug resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) is becoming a major threat to tuberculosis control programs in Ethiopia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors of MDR-TB patients in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study was conducted from May 2013 to January 2014. Resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid were done molecularly using line probe assay. TB patients infected with MDR-M.tuberculosis and non MDR-M.tuberculosis strain were considered as cases and controls, respectively. Data was collected using structured questionnaire with face to face interview. Patients' clinical record review was also done.Multivariate analysis was computed to determine the risk factors of MDR-TB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 153 MDR-TB and equal number of non MDR-TB patients' participated in the study. Patients who had TB treatment failure (AOR=13.5,CI=2.69-70), cavitations on chest x-ray (AOR=1.9,CI=1.1-3.38) and contact with MDR-TB patients (AOR=1.4,CI=0.19-0.39) were more likely to be MDR-TB patients. Low monthly income (AOR=1.1,CI=0.34-0.47),alcohol consumption (AOR=1.5,CI=0.2-0.98) and young age (AOR=2.9,CI=1.07-7.68) were the other risk factors of MDR-TB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TB treatment failure, cavitation on chest X-ray, contact with MDR-TB patients and low socioeconomic status were important risk factors for development of MDR-TB. Therefore, strict adherence to directly observed therapy, appropriate management of TB patients and advice on the value of nutrients are helpful to control the spreading of MDR-TB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Wondemagegn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mulu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mekonnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Mulat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yimer
authors.affiliation: Department of Regional Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Bahir Dar Regional Health Research Laboratory Center, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Aschalew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Admassu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Bayeh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin
keywords: Ethiopia; MDR-TB; Risk factors