title: Simulator Study of Helmet-Mounted Symbology System Concepts in Degraded Visual Environments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A sudden loss of external visual cues during critical phases of flight results in spatial disorientation. This is due to undetected horizontal and vertical drift when there is little tolerance for error and correction delay as the helicopter is close to the ground. Three helmet-mounted symbology system concepts were investigated in the simulator as potential solutions for the legacy Griffon helicopters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Griffon pilots were exposed to the Helmet Display Tracking System for Degraded Visual Environments (HDTS), the BrownOut Symbology System (BOSS), and the current RCAF AVS7 symbology system. For each symbology system, the pilot performed a two-stage departure and a single-stage approach. The presentation order of the symbology systems was randomized. Objective performance metrics included aircraft speed, altitude, attitude, and distance from the landing point. Subjective measurements included situation awareness, mental effort, perceived performance, perceptual cue rating, and NASA Task Load Index. Repeated measures analysis of variance and subsequent planned comparison for all the objective and subjective measurements were performed between the AVS7, HDTS, and BOSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrated that HDTS and BOSS showed general improvement over AVS7 in two-stage departure. However, only HDTS performed significantly better in heading error than AVS7. During the single-stage approach, BOSS performed worse than AVS7 in heading root mean square error, and only HDTS performed significantly better in distance to landing point and approach heading than the others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the HDTS and BOSS possess their own limitations; however, HDTS is the pilots' preferred flight display.
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steels
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sceviour
authors.forename: Vaughn
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cosman
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holst
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000401:Aircraft / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003221:Confusion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D065854:Spatial Navigation / Q000502:physiology*