title: Virucidal efficacy of treatment with photodynamically activated curcumin on murine norovirus bio-accumulated in oysters.
abstract: Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most important seafood- and water-borne viruses, and is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. In the present study we investigated the effect of curcumin as a sensitizer to photodynamic treatment both in buffer and in oysters against murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), a surrogate of NoV. MNV-1 cultured in buffer and MNV-1 bio-accumulated in oysters were irradiated with a novel LED light source with a wavelength of 470nm and an energy of 3.6J/cm(2). Inactivation of MNV-1 was investigated by plaque assays. After virus was extracted from the gut of oysters treated over a range of curcumin concentrations, the ultrastructural morphology of the virus was observed using electron microscopy, and the integrity of viral nucleic acids and stability of viral capsid proteins were also determined. Results showed that the infectivity of MNV-1 was significantly inhibited by 1-3logPFU/ml, with significant damage to viral nucleic acids in a curcumin dose-dependent manner after photodynamic activation. Virus morphology was altered after the photodynamic treatment with curcumin, presumably due to the change of the viral capsid protein structures. The data suggest that treatment of oysters with photodynamic activation of curcumin is a potentially efficacious and cost-effective method to inactivate food-borne NoV. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the toxicology of this approach in detail and perform sensory evaluation of the treated product.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Qingdao Airport Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Binbin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Changhu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Albert Wingnang
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: xcshan@163.com.
authors.forename: Chuanshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. Electronic address: tangqingjuan@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qing-Juan
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D029322:Norovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D010125:Ostreidae; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Curcumin; MNV-1; Norovirus; Oysters; Photodynamic treatment