title: High-mobility Group Box 1 and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase activated Protein Kinase-2 Are Up-regulated in Gemcitabine-resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Results of our previous studies demonstrated that the expression of heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27) was increased and HSP27 was phosphorylated in the GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line, KLM1-R. The expression of HSP27 is regulated mainly by heat-shock factor 1, but other transcription factors or kinases have been reported to activate HSP27. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear transcription factor. It has been reported that HMGB1 regulates HSP27 gene expression. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAPK2) phosphorylates HSP27. In the present study, we investigated the expression of HMGB1 and MAPKAPK2 in KLM1-R cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression levels of HMGB1 and MAPKAPK2 were compared between KLM1 and KLM1-R cells by western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protein expression of both HMGB1 and MAPKAPK2 were increased in KLM1-R cells compared to KLM1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase of both HMGB1 and MAPKAPK2 in KLM1-R cells compared to KLM1 suggest the possibility of the activation of the pathway of HSP27 by HMGB1 and MAPKAPK2 in gemcitabine-resistant KLM1-R cells.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan climates@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuramitsu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akada
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan Center of Clinical Laboratories in Tokuyama Medical Association Hospital, Shunan, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D000093542:Gemcitabine; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000093542:Gemcitabine; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human
keywords: HMGB1; HSP27; MAPKAPK2; gemcitabine-resistant; pancreatic cancer