title: Plasmid Rolling-Circle Replication.
abstract: Plasmids are DNA entities that undergo controlled replication independent of the chromosomal DNA, a crucial step that guarantees the prevalence of the plasmid in its host. DNA replication has to cope with the incapacity of the DNA polymerases to start de novo DNA synthesis, and different replication mechanisms offer diverse solutions to this problem. Rolling-circle replication (RCR) is a mechanism adopted by certain plasmids, among other genetic elements, that represents one of the simplest initiation strategies, that is, the nicking by a replication initiator protein on one parental strand to generate the primer for leading-strand initiation and a single priming site for lagging-strand synthesis. All RCR plasmid genomes consist of a number of basic elements: leading strand initiation and control, lagging strand origin, phenotypic determinants, and mobilization, generally in that order of frequency. RCR has been mainly characterized in Gram-positive bacterial plasmids, although it has also been described in Gram-negative bacterial or archaeal plasmids. Here we aim to provide an overview of the RCR plasmids' lifestyle, with emphasis on their characteristic traits, promiscuity, stability, utility as vectors, etc. While RCR is one of the best-characterized plasmid replication mechanisms, there are still many questions left unanswered, which will be pointed out along the way in this review.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Masó
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MachóN
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bordanaba-Ruiseco
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coll
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Solar
mesh_terms: D001105:Archaea / Q000235:genetics; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010957:Plasmids; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015534:Trans-Activators; C045264:replication initiator protein; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D004265:DNA Helicases