title: A novel squid pen chitosan/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Squid pen chitosan was used in the fabrication of biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells were used as the calcium phosphate source. The composite was prepared using 2.5% tripolyphosphate (TPP) and 1% glycerol as a cross-linker and plasticizer, respectively. The weight percent (wt.%) ratios of the ceramic components in the composite were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/Chi). The biodegradation rate and structural properties of the scaffolds were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microCT(μCT) results indicated that the composites have a well defined lamellar structure with an average pore size of 200 μm. The porosity of the composites decreased from 88 to 56% by increasing the ratio of HA/β-TCP from 30 to 70%. After 28 days of incubation in a physiological solution, the scaffolds were degraded by approximately 30%. In vitro investigations showed that the composites were cytocompatible and supported the growth of L929 and Saos-2 cells. The obtained data suggests that the squid pen chitosan composites are potential candidates for bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Applied Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: amin.shavandi@postgrad.otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shavandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Alaa El-Din A
authors.initials: Ael-D
authors.lastname: Bekhit
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Zhifa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Maree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D049832:Decapodiformes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D016062:Porosity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate; D014867:Water; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Composite; Hydroxyapatite; Squid pen chitosan; Tri-calcium phosphate