title: Evaluation of an Indirect-ELISA Test for Trypanosoma evansi Infection (Surra) in Buffaloes and Its Application to a Serological Survey in Thailand.
abstract: Surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is a neglected disease due to frequent subclinical evolution, especially in bovines in Asia. However, acute and chronic signs are regularly observed, with significant sanitary and economic impacts. In this study, we evaluated and applied an indirect-ELISA test for the detection of anti-T. evansi immunoglobulin G in buffaloes using antibovine conjugate. Based on buffalo reference sera from the Philippines, a two-graph receiver operating characteristics analysis (TG-ROC) was conducted to define an optimal cut-off value; sensitivity and specificity were estimated at 92.5% and 94.2%, respectively. A cross-sectional serological survey was carried out in the major buffalo breeding areas of Thailand; 892 buffaloes from 8 provinces were sampled in North, Northeastern, and Southern Thailand. Seropositive buffaloes were found in all 8 provinces, on 20.3% of farms for an overall prevalence of 12.2% (95% CI 10.2-14.5%). Nearly one-third of the sampled population was exposed to infection. Broader sampling would be necessary but is not possible in the southern half-wild breeding systems. According to our results, buffaloes may constitute a large and robust reservoir for T. evansi, which is a permanent threat to other livestock such as cattle and horses as well as wild animals such as elephants in Southest Asia.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR InterTryp, 34398 Montpellier, France ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocher
authors.affiliation: Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR InterTryp, 34398 Montpellier, France ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desquesnes
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ketsarin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamyingkird
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sarawut
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yangtara
authors.affiliation: Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR InterTryp, 34398 Montpellier, France ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Emilye
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leboucher
authors.affiliation: The Fifth Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development (DLD), Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pranee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodtian
authors.affiliation: Central Mindanao University, 8710 Mindanao, Philippines.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dargantes
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sathaporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jittapalapong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000469:parasitology*; D002417:Cattle; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D013785:Thailand; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary