title: Proanthocyanidin Protects Human Embryo Hepatocytes from Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress by Regulating Iron Metabolism.
abstract: To investigate whether grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) antagonizes fluoride-induced oxidative injury by regulating iron metabolism, human embryo hepatic cells (L-02) were incubated with sodium fluoride (NaF, 80 mg/L) and/or GSPE (100 μmol/L) for 24 h. Results showed the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level of the NaF group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased in the NaF group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the indexes mentioned above showed opposite changes in the NaF + GSPE group. In addition, iron content significantly increased in the NaF group compared to the control group(P < 0.05) and significantly decreased in the NaF + GSPE group compared to the NaF group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hepcidin (coded by HAMP) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression significantly increased in the NaF group compared to the control group(P < 0.05) and significantly decreased in the NaF + GSPE group compared to the NaF group (P < 0.05). Ferroportin 1 (coded by FPN1) mRNA expression significantly decreased in the NaF group compared to the control group (P < 0.05) and significantly increased in the NaF + GSPE group compared to the NaF group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that GSPE provides significant cellular protection against oxidative stress induced by excessive fluoride via the iron metabolism regulation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Shihezi University, Bei er Road 13, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Shihezi University, Bei er Road 13, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lati
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Shihezi University, Bei er Road 13, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shugang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Shihezi University, Bei er Road 13, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shangzhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Shihezi University, Bei er Road 13, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruling
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China. 20139206@qq.com.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Shihezi University, Bei er Road 13, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. 20139206@qq.com.
authors.forename: Shuxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000633:toxicity*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C013221:proanthocyanidin; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D007501:Iron
keywords: Fluoride; Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract; Iron metabolism; L-02 cells; Oxidative stress