title: MnSOD and CAT polymorphisms modulate the effect of the Mediterranean diet on breast cancer risk among Greek-Cypriot women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress arises due to a cellular imbalance in oxidants and antioxidants and/or due to an altered activity of antioxidant enzymes, caused by SNPs. Oxidative stress increases susceptibility to breast cancer (BC) risk, and we previously showed that the Mediterranean diet (MD), which is rich in antioxidants, reduces BC risk in Greek-Cypriot women. Here, we investigated the effect of MnSOD (p.Val16Ala, rs4880) and CAT (-262C>T, rs1001179) SNPs on the association between the MD and BC risk in the case-control study of BC MASTOS in Cyprus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake data were obtained using a 32-item food frequency questionnaire, from which a dietary pattern was previously derived, using principal component analysis. This pattern included high loadings of vegetables, fruit, legumes and fish, a combination that closely resembles the MD and was used as our dietary variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High vegetable intake lowered BC risk in women with at least one MnSOD Val allele (ORHigh vs. Low for Val/Val = 0.56, 95 % CI 0.35-0.88, for Val/Ala = 0.57, 95 % CI 0.39-0.82), or one CAT -262C allele (ORHigh vs. Low for -262CC = 0.66, 95 % CI 0.47-0.92, for -262CT = 0.53, 95 % CI 0.35-0.81). High fish intake conferred a decreased BC risk of CAT -262CC women (ORQ4 vs. Q1 0.66, 95 % CI 0.47-0.92) compared with the CAT -262TT women and low fish intake (ORQ2 vs. Q1 2.79, 95 % CI 1.08-7.17). Additionally, high fish intake reduced BC risk in MnSOD Val/Val women (ORQ4 vs. Q1 0.63, 95 % CI 0.40-0.98). p interaction values were, however, not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that the antioxidative effects of the MD against BC risk may be enhanced by the wild-type alleles of the MnSOD or CAT SNPs among Greek-Cypriot women.
authors.affiliation: Department of EM/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 2370, Nicosia, Cyprus.|The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kakkoura
authors.affiliation: Department of EM/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 2370, Nicosia, Cyprus.|Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Christiana A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Demetriou
authors.affiliation: Department of EM/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 2370, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Loizidou
authors.affiliation: The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Giorgos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loucaides
authors.affiliation: Department of EM/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 2370, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Neophytou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Limassol General Hospital, Limassol, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malas
authors.affiliation: Department of EM/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 2370, Nicosia, Cyprus. kyriacos@cing.ac.cy.|The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus. kyriacos@cing.ac.cy.
authors.forename: Kyriacos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyriacou
authors.affiliation: Department of EM/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 2370, Nicosia, Cyprus. ahsavvas@cing.ac.cy.|The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus. ahsavvas@cing.ac.cy.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadjisavvas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005638:Fruit; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics*; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Breast cancer; CAT; Mediterranean diet; MnSOD; Oxidative stress