title: Decreased Radiation Exposure and Increased Efficacy in Extracorporeal Lithotripsy Using a New Ultrasound Stone Locking System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare fluoroscopy duration, radiation dose, and efficacy of two ultrasound stone localization systems during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocentric prospective data were obtained from patients consecutively treated for renal stones using the Sonolith(®) i-sys (EDAP TMS) lithotripter, with fluoroscopy combined with ultrasound localization using an "outline" Automatic Ultrasound Positioning Support (AUPS) (group A), or the "free-line" Visio-Track (VT) (EDAP-TMS) hand-held three-dimensional ultrasound stone locking system (group B). Efficacy rate was defined as the within-groups proportion stone free or with partial stone fragmentation not needing additional procedures. Statistical analysis used Pearson chi-square tests for categoric variables, nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests for continuous variables, and linear regression for operator learning curve with VT. Continuous variables were reported as median (range) values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in group A (n=73) and group B (n=81) were comparable in baseline characteristics (age, kidney stone size, others) and in SWL application (duration, number of shocks, energy [Joules]). During SWL, the median (range) duration (seconds) of radiation exposure was 159.5 (0-690) in group A and 3.5 (0-478) in group B (P<0.001) and irradiation dose (mGy.cm(2)), 10598 (0-54843) in group A and 163 (0-13926) in group B (P<0.001). Fluoroscopy time significantly decreased with operator experience using VT. The efficacy rate was 54.5% in group A and 79.5% in group B (P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VT significantly reduced fluoroscopy use during SWL and the duration and dose of patient exposure to ionizing radiation. Stone treatment efficacy was significantly greater with VT mainly because of a better real-time monitoring of the stone.
authors.affiliation: Urology and Transplantation Surgery, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot , Lyon, France .
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abid
authors.affiliation: Urology and Transplantation Surgery, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot , Lyon, France .
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ravier
authors.affiliation: Urology and Transplantation Surgery, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot , Lyon, France .
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Promeyrat
authors.affiliation: Urology and Transplantation Surgery, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot , Lyon, France .
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Codas
authors.affiliation: Urology and Transplantation Surgery, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot , Lyon, France .
authors.forename: Hakim Fassi
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Fehri
authors.affiliation: Urology and Transplantation Surgery, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot , Lyon, France .
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crouzet
authors.affiliation: Urology and Transplantation Surgery, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot , Lyon, France .
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D059032:Learning Curve; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056888:Patient Positioning; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome