title: Effect of processing of rapeseed under defined conditions in a pilot plant on chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in rapeseed meal for pigs.
abstract: Five rapeseed meals (RSM) were produced from a single batch of rapeseed in a large-scale pilot plant under standardized conditions. The objective was to evaluate the effect of residence time in the desolventizer/toaster (DT) on chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in RSM. Four RSM, with 48, 64, 76, and 93 min residence time and using unsaturated steam in the DT, referred to as RSM48, RSM64, RSM76, and RSM93, respectively, and 1 low-glucosinolate RSM, which was subjected to sequential treatment with unsaturated steam, saturated steam, and dry heat in the DT, referred to as low-GSL RSM, were assayed. Six barrows (average initial BW = 22 ± 1 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. Pigs were allotted to a 5 × 6 row × column design with 5 diets and 5 periods. The 5 RSM were included in a cornstarch-casein-based basal diet. In addition, basal ileal endogenous losses and SID of AA originating from casein were determined at the conclusion of the experiment in 2 additional periods by means of the regression method and using 3 graded levels of casein. The SID of AA in the 5 RSM was determined in difference to SID of AA originating from casein. The glucosinolates (GSL) were efficiently reduced, whereas NDF, ADF, ADL, and NDIN contents increased and reactive Lys (rLys) and Lys:CP ratio decreased as the residence time in the DT was increased from 48 to 93 min. The SID of most AA in RSM linearly decreased (P < 0.05) as the residence time in the DT increased from 48 to 93 min. Moreover, there was a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in SID of AA with increasing NDF, ADF, ADL, and NDIN contents in these RSM, whereas SID of AA linearly decreased (P < 0.05) with decreasing levels of GSL and rLys and a decreasing Lys:CP ratio. The decrease (P < 0.05) in SID of AA amounted from 3 up to 6 (percentage units) for most AA, except for SID of Cys and Lys, which decreased by 10 and 11%-units (P < 0.05), respectively, as the residence time in the DT was increased from 48 to 93 min. The SID in low-GSL RSM was for CP and most AA similar to RSM93 but lower ( < 0.05) compared to RSM48. It can be concluded that time and energy-intensive heat treatment results in lower contents of SID AA in RSM together with a reduction in GSL levels. The feed industry would most likely benefit from a rapid and accurate prediction of SID of AA, for example, based on content of NDIN, GSL, rLys or on Lys:CP ratio, in different batches of RSM used for feed manufacturing.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schöne
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Messerschmidt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosenfelder
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Htoo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mosenthin
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000737:chemistry*; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013227:Steam; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002364:Caseins; D013227:Steam