title: DNA-Based Nanobiosensors as an Emerging Platform for Detection of Disease.
abstract: Detection of disease at an early stage is one of the biggest challenges in medicine. Different disciplines of science are working together in this regard. The goal of nanodiagnostics is to provide more accurate tools for earlier diagnosis, to reduce cost and to simplify healthcare delivery of effective and personalized medicine, especially with regard to chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) that have high healthcare costs. Up-to-date results suggest that DNA-based nanobiosensors could be used effectively to provide simple, fast, cost-effective, sensitive and specific detection of some genetic, cancer, and infectious diseases. In addition, they could potentially be used as a platform to detect immunodeficiency, and neurological and other diseases. This review examines different types of DNA-based nanobiosensors, the basic principles upon which they are based and their advantages and potential in diagnosis of acute and chronic diseases. We discuss recent trends and applications of new strategies for DNA-based nanobiosensors, and emphasize the challenges in translating basic research to the clinical laboratory.
authors.affiliation: Research Chair for Medical Applications of Nanomaterials, King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. k_abusalah@hotmail.com.|King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. k_abusalah@hotmail.com.|King Abdulla International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia. k_abusalah@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Abu-Salah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia. mzourob@alfaisal.edu.
authors.forename: Mohammed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zourob
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, PO Box 2969, Kuwait. fmouffouk@ku.edu.kw.
authors.forename: Fouzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mouffouk
authors.affiliation: Research Chair for Medical Applications of Nanomaterials, King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. aneesaansari@gmail.com.|King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. aneesaansari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Salman A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Alrokayan
authors.affiliation: King Abdulla International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia. alaameryma@ngha.med.sa.
authors.forename: Manal A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alaamery
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. aneesaansari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anees A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ansari
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
keywords: DNA nanobiosensors; cancer; electrochemical and optical sensing; genetic and infectious diseases; nanoparticles