title: Newborn Adipokines and Birth Outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adipokines can serve as a measure of adipose tissue activity. Although birthweight correlates with neonatal adiposity, findings for cord blood levels of adipokines and birth outcomes have been conflicted. Therefore, we determined the cross-sectional associations between adipokines measured in newborn dried blood spots (DBS) and birth outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Upstate KIDS study enrolled mothers and infants from 2008 to 2010. Among infants whose parents consented to the use of residual DBS from newborn screening, 2397 singletons and 1240 twins had adipokine measurements from the Human Obesity Panel (R&D Systems) by Luminex. Odds ratios were estimated by multivariable logistic regression for risk of birth outcomes of preterm delivery (<37 weeks for singletons, <32 for twins) and small-for-gestational age (SGA <10th for singletons and <3rd for twins age- and sex-specific percentiles) by adipokine quintiles. Generalised estimating equations were applied to account for correlations between twins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Singletons in the lowest compared with the highest quintile of adiponectin were more likely preterm (adjusted odds ratio 3.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99, 5.34) and SGA (1.81; [95% CI 1.18, 2.77]). Similar associations were observed among twins. Resistin was associated with preterm birth (Q1 vs. Q5: 2.08; [95% CI 1.20, 3.62]) only among singletons. Adipsin had inconsistent associations after adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large population-based study demonstrates that newborn DBS-measured adipokines are associated with birth outcomes, particularly preterm birth and SGA among those with lower adiponectin levels regardless of plurality.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Edwina H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-2613
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: McLain
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Wadsworth Center, Center for Medical Science, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Wadsworth Center, Center for Medical Science, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC.
authors.forename: Nansi S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Boghossian
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Center for Environmental Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Druschel
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052243:Resistin
keywords: adiponectin; birth weight; leptin; newborn dried blood spots; preterm birth; twins