title: The efficacies of 5 insecticides against hard ticks Hyalomma asiaticum, Haemaphysalis longicornis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus.
abstract: At present, chemical-based tick control strategies are still the most efficient and widely used methods in control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. In this study, the efficacies of lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cypermethrin, emamectin benzoate, spirotetramat and hexaflumuron in vitro were evaluated against Hyalomma asiaticum, Haemaphysalis longicornis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus that are widespread and able to transmit a variety of human and animal diseases in China. The results showed that the LC (lethal concentration) 50 of lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cypermethrin, emamectin benzoate, spirotetramat and hexaflumuron were 22.05, 107.35, 287.62, 432.25 and over 6250 mg/L to Hy. asiaticum engorged nymphs, respectively. The LC50 of lambda-cyhalothrin and beta-cypermethrin were each to 100.69 mg/L and 340.05 mg/L against Hy. asiaticum unfed adults. In addition, 50 mg/L of lambda-cyhalothrin could completely inhibit engorged females of the 3 tick species to lay eggs. These results indicate that lambda-cyhalothrin has the highest efficacy and broadest spectrum for against the 3 tick species. The present study provides some information for selecting chemical acaricides in control ticks and tick-borne-diseases, as well for preparing acaricide mixtures to improve killing efficacy, and retard the advent of tick-resistance of acaricides in China.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730046, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730046, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiaoyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730046, PR China.
authors.forename: Youquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730046, PR China.
authors.forename: Junlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730046, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730046, PR China. Electronic address: guanguiquan@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Guiquan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases MOA, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730046, PR China. Electronic address: luojianxun@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Jianxun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides; D000818:Animals; D001372:Aza Compounds; D001549:Benzamides; D005260:Female; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D026863:Ixodidae; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009570:Nitriles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D048508:Rhipicephalus sanguineus; D012756:Sheep; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D001372:Aza Compounds; D001549:Benzamides; D007559:Ivermectin; D009570:Nitriles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C017160:cypermethrin; C570705:spirotetramat; C058039:hexafluoron; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C108024:emamectin benzoate; C037304:cyhalothrin
keywords: Efficacy; Haemaphysalis longicornis; Hyalomma asiaticum; Insecticide; Rhipicephalus sanguineus