title: The contribution of Hind III C>G PAI-1 gene polymorphism in etiology of recurrent miscarriages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study was to assess the relationship of HindIII C>G PAI-1 gene polymorphism with increased risk of recurrent miscarriages.
  
  
  METHODS
  A whole of 152 women with a history of at least two miscarriages were classified into analysis. The study group was divided twice (114 subjects with 2 miscarriages and 38 subjects with >3 miscarriages, 123 subjects with miscarriages at <13gw, and 29 subjects with miscarriages in <21 gw). The controls consisted of 180 women with a positive history of at least one pregnancy and birth of a healthy term newborn, and a negative history of miscarriage. The analysed polymorphisms were determined by PCR/RFLP methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occurrence of HindIII GG genotype in the whole study group was 25.7% and 20.0% in controls (OR= 1.38, p=0. 14). HindIII G allele was also observed more frequently in the whole study group (45.7% vs. 42.2% in controls, OR=1. 15, p=0.20). The occurrence of HindIII GG genotype was higher in the subgroup of women with >3 miscarriages (31.6% vs. 20.0% in controls, OR= 1.85, p=0.09). HindIII G allele was also noted more frequently in the subgroup of women with >3 miscarriages (50.0% vs. 42.2% in controls, OR=1.37, p=0. 13). A tendency of higher frequency of HindIII GG genotype and HindIII G allele was also noted in the subgroup of patients with miscarriages in the first and second trimester (HindIII GG: 31.0% vs. 20.0% in controls, OR= 1.80, p=O. 14, HindIII G: 51.7% vs. 42.2% in controls, OR=1.4 7, p=0.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mutated HindIII G allele and HindIII GG genotype of HindIII C>G polymorphism probably augment the risk of recurrent miscarriages.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barlik
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolski
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Drews
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pieńkowski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klejewski
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1