title: Functional differences between the arteries perfusing gas exchange and nutritional membranes in the late chicken embryo.
abstract: The chicken extraembryonic arterial system comprises the allantoic arteries, which irrigate the gas exchange organ (the chorioallantoic membrane, CAM) and the yolk sac (YS) artery, which irrigates the nutritional organ (the YS membrane). We compared, using wire myography, the reactivity of allantoic and YS arteries from 19-day chicken embryos (total incubation 21 days). The contractions induced by KCl, the adrenergic agonists norepinephrine (NE, nonselective), phenylephrine (α1), and oxymetazoline (α2), electric field stimulation (EFS), serotonin, U46619 (TP receptor agonist), and endothelin (ET)-1 and the relaxations induced by acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor), forskolin (adenylate cyclase activator), and isoproterenol (β-adrenergic agonist) were investigated. Extraembryonic allantoic arteries did not show α-adrenergic-mediated contraction (either elicited by exogenous agonists or EFS) or ACh-induced (endothelium-dependent) relaxation, whereas these responses were present in YS arteries. Interestingly, the intraembryonic segment of the allantoic artery showed EFS- and α-adrenergic-induced contraction and ACh-mediated relaxation. Moreover, glyoxylic acid staining showed the presence of catecholamine-containing nerves in the YS and the intraembryonic allantoic artery, but not in the extraembryonic allantoic artery. Isoproterenol- and forskolin-induced relaxation and ET-1-induced contraction were higher in YS than in allantoic arteries, whereas serotonin- and U46619-induced contraction and SNP-induced relaxation did not significantly differ between the two arteries. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a different pattern of reactivity in the arteries perfusing the gas exchange and the nutritional membranes of the chicken embryo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Research Institute Growth and Development (GROW) and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Riazudin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Research Institute Growth and Development (GROW) and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carolina G A
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kessels
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Research Institute Growth and Development (GROW) and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands. e.villamor@mumc.nl.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villamor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000098:blood supply*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
keywords: Adrenergic; Chicken embryo; Endothelium; Fetal circulation; Umbilical