title: Dietary patterns and physical inactivity, two contributing factors to the double burden of malnutrition among adults in Burkina Faso, West Africa.
abstract: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the northern neighbourhoods of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), to examine the relationship of nutritional deficiencies and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) with lifestyle in adults. We randomly selected 330 households stratified by income tertile. In each income stratum, 110 individuals aged 25-60 years and having lived in Ouagadougou for at least 6 months were randomly selected. We performed anthropometric, dietary intake and physical activity measurements, and blood sample collection. Cluster analysis of dietary intake identified two dietary patterns: 'urban' (29 % of subjects) and 'traditional' (71 %). The 'urban' cluster exhibited a higher intake of fat and sugar, whereas a higher intake of plant protein, complex carbohydrate and fibre was observed in the 'traditional' pattern. Female sex, low income and lack of education were associated with the 'traditional' cluster, as well as Fe and vitamin A deficiency. CMRF prevalence (abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia) was similar in both clusters. Subjects in the 'traditional' cluster spent more time in physical activity and had less sedentary time than those in the 'urban' cluster. 'Traditional' dietary pattern, low income, female sex and sedentary time were significant contributing factors to the double burden of malnutrition. The rapid nutrition transition is reflected in this co-occurrence of CMRF and nutritional deficiencies. This stresses the need for prevention strategies addressing both ends of the nutrition spectrum.
authors.affiliation: Département de Nutrition , Faculté de Médecine , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 succ. Centre-ville, Montréal , QC , Canada H3C 3J7 ; Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (IRSS/DRO) , 01 BP 545 Bobo Dioulasso 01 , Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Augustin N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Zeba
authors.affiliation: Département de Nutrition , Faculté de Médecine , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 succ. Centre-ville, Montréal , QC , Canada H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: Hélène F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Delisle
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal , 1560 Sherbrooke East , Montréal , QC , Canada H2L 4M1.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Renier
keywords: %BF, percentage body fat; Adults; Burkina Faso; CMRF, cardiometabolic risk factors; Cardiometabolic risk factors; Dietary patterns; Double burden of malnutrition; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol; MET, metabolic equivalent of tasks; MetS, metabolic syndrome; Micronutrient deficiencies; NCD, non-communicable diseases; Physical activity; WC, waist circumference