title: Orthoptic Sequelae Following Conservative Management of Pure Blowout Orbital Fractures: Anecdotal or Clinically Relevant?
abstract: The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the prevalence of orthoptic anomalies following conservative management of pure blowout orbital fractures and to evaluate their clinical relevance. Clinical and radiologic data of patients with unilateral conservatively managed pure blowout orbital fractures with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were reviewed. Eligible patients were contacted and invited to undergo an extended ophthalmologic examination as follows: distance and near visual acuities, Hertel exophthalmometry, corneal light reflex (Hirschberg test), ductions and versions in the 6 cardinal fields of gaze, eye deviation with prisms and alternate cover test in all of the 9-gaze directions with Maddox rod, degrees of incyclo/excyclotorsion with right and left eye fixation, horizontal and vertical deviation with Hess-Weiss coordimetry, degree of horizontal/vertical and incyclo/excyclotorsion deviation with Harms wall deviometry, and vertical deviation with Bielschowsky head-tilt test. Of the 69 patients contacted, 49 declined to participate given that they were asymptomatic. Twenty patients agreed to undergo the examination. One patient complained of minimal double vision limited to the extreme downgaze. Four patients had asymptomatic ocular motility disturbances limited to the extreme gaze. Seven patients had asymptomatic horizontal heterophoria. These disturbances did not interfere with daily or professional activities in any of the patients. The current study demonstrated that conservative management of pure orbital blowout fractures can result in orthoptic anomalies. These sequelae were restricted to a very limited portion of the binocular field of the vision and were not found to be clinically relevant.
authors.affiliation: *University Ophthalmology Department, Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, University of Lausanne, Lausanne †Neuro-Ophthalmology and Strabology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva ‡CRC and Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Health and Community Medicine §Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steinegger
authors.forename: Raoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Haller
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Courvoisier
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scolozzi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D004172:Diplopia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult