title: Pain-related psychological distress, self-rated health and significance of neuropathic pain in Danish soldiers injured in Afghanistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain and mental health concerns are prevalent among veterans. While the majority of research has focused on chronic pain as an entity, there has been little work directed towards investigating the role of neuropathic pain in relation to psychological comorbidity. As such, we hypothesised that participants with signs of neuropathic pain would report higher levels of psychological distress and diminished self-rated health compared to those without a neuropathic component.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of standardised questionnaires (PainDETECT Questionnaire, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and EuroQOL Visual Analogue Scale) administered to injured soldiers. The participants were classified into three groups according to the PainDETECT questionnaire: non-neuropathic pain, possible neuropathic pain and definite neuropathic pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three participants were included. The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian score was in median (interquartile range) 26 (22-31), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score was 4 (2-6.5) and 2 (1-5) for anxiety and depression respectively. Evidence of neuropathic pain correlated positively with the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian score (rho = 0.469, P < 0.001) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale subscale for anxiety score (rho = 0.357, P = 0.009), and inversely with the EuroQOL Visual Analogue Scale score (rho = -0.361, P = 0.008). In multivariate regression analyses, the associations remained when adjusting for socio-demographics and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from the present study suggest that neuropathic pain is related to increased psychological distress and deterioration in self-rated health in injured soldiers.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Head and Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Warburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Breast Surgery and Burns Treatment, Centre for Head and Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: S-F T
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Koelle
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D003718:Denmark; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008889:Military Personnel; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*