title: Joint cavity injection combined with manual reduction and stabilization splint treatment of anterior disc displacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of upper and lower joint cavity treatment (UJCT vs. LJCT) in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDw/oR) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 56 patients with unilateral ADDw/oR were randomly divided into two groups: UJCT group and LJCT group. Manual reduction was done in all the patients after joint cavity rejection of sodium hyaluronate. Then, they were treated with stabilization splint for one or two months. At last, Friction index was calculated to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy at 6 to 12 months follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximal mouth-opening degrees in the both groups increased significantly when compared with pre-treatment group (P < 0.01), and the Friction index decreased significantly when compared with pre-treatment group (P < 0.01); In LJCT group, the degrees of maximal mouth-opening increased significantly as compared to UJCT group (P < 0.05), and Friction index were also markedly lower than that in UJCT group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the patients with ADDw/oR of TMJ, the clinical efficacy of LJCT is superior to that of UJCT, especially in the TMJ pain relief, mouth-opening degree and mandibular movement improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Shandong University Jinan 250000, China.
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Shandong University Jinan 250000, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, China.
authors.forename: Shizhou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, China.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Temporomandibular joint disc; friction