title: Timing-Invariant CT Angiography Derived from CT Perfusion Imaging in Acute Stroke: A Diagnostic Performance Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Timing-invariant (or delay-insensitive) CT angiography derived from CT perfusion data may obviate a separate cranial CTA in acute stroke, thus enhancing patient safety by reducing total examination time, radiation dose, and volume of contrast material. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of timing-invariant CTA for detecting intracranial artery occlusion in acute ischemic stroke, to examine whether standard CTA can be omitted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with suspected ischemic stroke were prospectively enrolled and underwent CTA and CTP imaging at admission. Timing-invariant CTA was derived from the CTP data. Five neuroradiologic observers assessed all images for the presence and location of intracranial artery occlusion in a blinded and randomized manner. Sensitivity and specificity of timing-invariant CTA and standard CTA were calculated by using an independent expert panel as the reference standard. Interrater agreement was determined by using κ statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 108 patients with 47 vessel occlusions. Overall, standard CTA and timing-invariant CTA provided similar high diagnostic accuracy for occlusion detection with a sensitivity of 96% (95% CI, 90%-100%) and a specificity of 100% (99%-100%) for standard CTA and a sensitivity of 98% (95% CI, 94%-100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 100%-100%) for timing-invariant CTA. For proximal large-vessel occlusions, defined as occlusions of the ICA, basilar artery, and M1, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% (95% CI, 100%-100%) for both techniques. Interrater agreement was good for both techniques (mean κ value, 0.75 and 0.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Timing-invariant CTA derived from CTP data provides diagnostic accuracy similar to that of standard CTA for the detection of artery occlusions in acute stroke.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (E.J.S., E.-j.V., J.W.D., A.D.H., B.V., I.v.d.S.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Department of Radiology (E.J.S., F.J.A.M, B.v.G., M.P.), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. ewoudsmit@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (E.J.S., E.-j.V., J.W.D., A.D.H., B.V., I.v.d.S.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: E-J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Vonken
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology (E.J.S., F.J.A.M, B.v.G., M.P.), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: F J A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-639X
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (E.J.S., E.-j.V., J.W.D., A.D.H., B.V., I.v.d.S.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dankbaar
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (E.J.S., E.-j.V., J.W.D., A.D.H., B.V., I.v.d.S.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Horsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology (E.J.S., F.J.A.M, B.v.G., M.P.), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Ginneken
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (E.J.S., E.-j.V., J.W.D., A.D.H., B.V., I.v.d.S.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Velthuis
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (E.J.S., E.-j.V., J.W.D., A.D.H., B.V., I.v.d.S.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van der Schaaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology (E.J.S., F.J.A.M, B.v.G., M.P.), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prokop
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media