title: Study of novel coating strategy for coronary stents: simutaneous coating of VEGF and anti- CD34 antibody.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravascular coronary stenting has been used in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), with a major limitation of in-stent restenosis (ISR). The 316 stainless steel has been widely used for coronary stents. In this study, we developed a novel coating method to reduce ISR by simultaneously coating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-CD34 antibody on 316L stainless steel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Round 316L stainless steel sheets in the D-H group were polymerized with compounds generated from condensation reaction of dopamine and heparin using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Sixteen sheets from the D-H group were further immersed into 1ug/ml VEGF165 and 3mg/ml heparin sodium one after another for 10 times, and named as the D-(H-V)10 group. Eight sheets from the D-(H-V)10 group were coated with anti-CD34 antibody and termed as the D-(H-V)10-A group. Immunofluorescence assay and ELISA were used to evaluate whether the 316L stainless steel disks were successfully coated with VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of immunofluorescence assay and ELISA showed that VEGF could be detected in the D-(H-V)10 and D-(H-V)10-A group, suggesting the steel sheets were successfully covered with VEGF. Anti-CD34 antibody could only be observed in the D-(H-V)10-A group, which was the only group coated with CD34 antibody. Both results suggested that the 316L stainless steel sheets were successfully coated with VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study developed a method to simultaneously coat VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody to stainless metal steel. This research serves as a fundamental role for a novel coating strategy.
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Guan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Peng
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Chang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Gen
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Hang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005022:Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide / Q000737:chemistry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D013193:Stainless Steel; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D005022:Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide