title: Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Hydroxyapatite/Epoxide Acrylate Maleic Compound Construction for Craniomaxillofacial Bone Defects.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing hydroxyapatite (HA)/epoxide acrylate maleic (EAM) compound construction artificial implants for craniomaxillofacial bone defects. Computed tomography, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing and three-dimensional reconstruction, as well as rapid prototyping were performed in 12 patients between 2008 and 2013. The customized HA/EAM compound artificial implants were manufactured through selective laser sintering using a rapid prototyping machine into the exact geometric shapes of the defect. The HA/EAM compound artificial implants were then implanted during surgical reconstruction. Color-coded superimpositions demonstrated the discrepancy between the virtual plan and achieved results using Geomagic Studio. As a result, the HA/EAM compound artificial bone implants were perfectly matched with the facial areas that needed reconstruction. The postoperative aesthetic and functional results were satisfactory. The color-coded superimpositions demonstrated good consistency between the virtual plan and achieved results. The three-dimensional maximum deviation is 2.12 ± 0.65  mm and the three-dimensional mean deviation is 0.27 ± 0.07  mm. No facial nerve weakness or pain was observed at the follow-up examinations. Only 1 implant had to be removed 2 months after the surgery owing to severe local infection. No other complication was noted during the follow-up period. In conclusion, computer-aided, individually fabricated HA/EAM compound construction artificial implant was a good craniomaxillofacial surgical technique that yielded improved aesthetic results and functional recovery after reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine †Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shunyao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Steve Guofang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017886:Durapatite; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D017886:Durapatite