title: Biological Activities and Composition of Ferulago carduchorum Essential Oil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ferulago carduchorum Boiss and Hausskn belongs to the Apiaceae family. This plant grows in west part of Iran that local people added it to dairy and oil ghee to delay expiration date and give them a pleasant taste. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, acetyl cholinesterase inhibition, cytotoxic, larvicidal activities and composition of essential oil of F. carduchorum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory, larvicidal activities and chemical composition of essential oil of F. carduchorum were investigated. Besides, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oil were tested using DPPH, microdilution method and MTT assay, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major components of essential oil were (z)-β-ocimene (43.3%), α-pinene (18.23%) and bornyl acetate (3.98%). Among 43 identified components, monoterpenes were the most compounds (84.63%). The essential oil had noticeable efficiency against Candida albicans (MIC= 2340 μg ml(-1)) and it was effective against Anopheles stephensi with LC50 and LC90 values of 12.78 and 47.43 ppm, respectively. The essential oil could inhibit AChE (IC50= 23.6 μl ml(-1)). The essential oil showed high cytotoxicity on T47D, HEP-G2 and HT-29 cell lines (IC50< 2 μg ml(-1)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The essential oil of F. carduchorum collected from west of Iran had anti-Candida, larvicidal and cytotoxicity effects and should be further investigated in others in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Golfakhrabadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khanavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Nasser
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ostad
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Soodabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saeidnia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vatandoost
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hafizi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yousefbeyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Yaghoob Razzaghi
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Rad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ameneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baghenegadian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza Shams
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ardekani
keywords: Antiacetyl cholinesterase; Antimicrobial; Essential oil; Ferulago carduchorum; Larvicidal activity