title: Treatment of Refractory Chronic Urticaria.
abstract: Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a distressing disease encountered frequently in clinical practice. The current mainstay of therapy is the use of second-generation, non-sedating antihistamines. However, in patients who do not respond satisfactorily to these agents, a variety of other drugs are used. This article examines the available literature for frequently used agents including systemic corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, dapsone, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, H2 antagonists, methotrexate, cyclosporine A, omalizumab, autologous serum therapy, and mycophenolate mofetil, with an additional focus on publications in Indian literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Aayushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Godse
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Manjyot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gautam
keywords: Alternatives; anti-inflammatory; chronic; immunosuppressive; refractory; urticaria