title: Does the level of socioeconomic deprivation at the location of cardiac arrest in an English region influence the likelihood of receiving bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of mortality. Administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by a bystander witnessing a cardiac arrest has been shown to increase the likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation and survival. This study analyses the association between the socioeconomic status of the location where a person suffers a cardiac arrest and the proportion of victims with OHCA receiving bystander CPR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of all OHCAs occurring in North East England from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011: data obtained from the North East Cardiac Arrest Network Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 3179 OHCAs with an attempt at resuscitation, 623 patients received bystander-initiated CPR (19.6%). From quintile (Q) 1 to Q5 (most deprived to least deprived), bystander-initiated CPR rates increased from 14.5% to 23.3% (p for trend <0.001). Patients in the least deprived quintile were significantly more likely to receive bystander-initiated CPR when compared with those in the most deprived quintile (OR=1.78, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.39, p≤0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing socioeconomic status at the location of cardiac arrest is positively associated with the likelihood of bystander CPR for OHCA in this region of England.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Lyle
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moncur
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetic's Department, Warrington Hospital, Warrington, UK.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ainsborough
authors.affiliation: Anaesthetic's Department, Wansbeck General Hospital, Ashington, UK.
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghose
authors.affiliation: North East Cardiac Arrest Network, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Simon Peter
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kendal
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvatori
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: cardiac arrest; prehospital care, first responders; resuscitation; resuscitation, research; resuscitation, training