title: Voice Relative Fundamental Frequency Via Neck-Skin Acceleration in Individuals With Voice Disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the use of neck-skin acceleration for relative fundamental frequency (RFF) analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty individuals with voice disorders associated with vocal hyperfunction and 20 age- and sex-matched control participants were recorded with a subglottal neck-surface accelerometer and a microphone while producing speech stimuli appropriate for RFF. Rater reliabilities, RFF means, and RFF standard deviations derived from the accelerometer were compared with those derived from the microphone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RFF estimated from the accelerometer had slightly higher intrarater reliability and identical interrater reliability compared with values estimated with the microphone. Although sensor type and the Vocal Cycle × Sensor and Vocal Cycle × Sensor × Group interactions showed significant effects on RFF means, the typical RFF pattern could be derived from either sensor. For both sensors, the RFF of individuals with vocal hyperfunction was lower than that of the controls. Sensor type and its interactions did not have significant effects on RFF standard deviations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RFF can be reliably estimated using an accelerometer, but these values cannot be compared with those collected via microphone. Future studies are needed to determine the physiological basis of RFF and examine the effect of sensors on RFF in practical voice assessment and monitoring settings.
authors.forename: Yu-An S
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.forename: Carolyn R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Michener
authors.forename: Elizabeth Heller
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Jarrad H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Van Stan
authors.forename: Daryush D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.forename: J Pieter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Noordzij
authors.forename: Cara E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Stepp
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D061725:Accelerometry / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000502:physiology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult