title: Toxicological and biochemical studies on Schinus terebinthifolius concerning its curative and hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, many efforts have been made to discover new products of natural origin which can limit the xenobiotic-induced hepatic injury. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a highly toxic chemical that is widely used to study hepatotoxicity in animal models.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to investigate the curative and protective effects of Schinus terbenthifolius ethanolic extract against CCl4 -induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  S. terbenthifolius extract was orally administered in a dose of 350 mg dried extract/kg b.wt. before and after intoxication with CCl4 for curative and protective experiments, respectively. A group of hepatotoxicity indicative enzymes, oxidant-antioxidant capacity, DNA oxidation, and apoptosis markers were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCl4 increased liver enzyme leakage, oxidative stress, hepatic apoptosis, DNA oxidation, and inflammatory markers. Administration of S. terebinthifolius, either before or after CCl4 intoxication, significantly decreased elevated serum liver enzymes and reinstated the antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, S. terebinthifolius extract inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis as revealed by approximately 20 times down-regulation in caspase-3 expression when compared to CCl4 untreated group. On the other hand, there was neither protective nor curative effect of S. terebinthifolius against DNA damage caused by CCl4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that S. terebinthifolius extract could be a substantially promising hepatoprotective agent against CCl4 toxic effects and may be against other hepatotoxic chemical or drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rania H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Abdou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherif Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
authors.forename: Waleed F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Khalil
keywords: Antioxidant; Schinus terebinthifolius; apoptosis; hepatoprotective; hepatotoxicity