title: Mechanisms of environmental chemicals that enable the cancer hallmark of evasion of growth suppression.
abstract: As part of the Halifax Project, this review brings attention to the potential effects of environmental chemicals on important molecular and cellular regulators of the cancer hallmark of evading growth suppression. Specifically, we review the mechanisms by which cancer cells escape the growth-inhibitory signals of p53, retinoblastoma protein, transforming growth factor-beta, gap junctions and contact inhibition. We discuss the effects of selected environmental chemicals on these mechanisms of growth inhibition and cross-reference the effects of these chemicals in other classical cancer hallmarks.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacology and Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada, Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA, Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica 8097877, Chile, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1914, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 980033, USA, Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084-1501, USA, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontari
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nahta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Fahd
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Mulla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Rabeah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Temaimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amedei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Rafaela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrade-Vieira
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA.
authors.forename: Dustin G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA, Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica 8097877, Chile.
authors.forename: Gloria M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Calaf
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Castellino
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1914, USA.
authors.forename: Karine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cohen-Solal
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colacci
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 980033, USA.
authors.forename: Nichola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cruickshanks
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 980033, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Fiore
authors.affiliation: Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084-1501, USA.
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Roslida A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084-1501, USA.
authors.forename: Harini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
authors.forename: Dale W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Laird
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 60503, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lasfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Paola A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Marignani
authors.affiliation: Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Memeo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mondello
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Christian C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Naus
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica 8097877, Chile.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ponce-Cusi
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada.
authors.forename: Jayadev
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Science, The City University of New York at Hostos Campus, Bronx, NY 10451, USA.
authors.forename: Debasish
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA.
authors.forename: Rabindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Urology Dept., kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hosni K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: A Ivana
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Scovassi
authors.affiliation: Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP 226003, India.
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaccari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
authors.forename: Renza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vento
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, Brno 612 65, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vondráček
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan 16163, Italy and.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woodrick
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Bisson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances