title: Creation of a 3D printed temporal bone model from clinical CT data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Generate and describe the process of creating a 3D printed, rapid prototype temporal bone model from clinical quality CT images.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a technique to create an accurate, alterable, and reproducible rapid prototype temporal bone model using freely available software to segment clinical CT data and generate three different 3D models composed of ABS plastic. Each model was evaluated based on the appearance and size of anatomical structures and response to surgical drilling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mastoid air cells had retained scaffolding material in the initial versions. This required modifying the model to allow drainage of the scaffolding material. External auditory canal dimensions were similar to those measured from the clinical data. Malleus, incus, oval window, round window, promontory, horizontal semicircular canal, and mastoid segment of the facial nerve canal were identified in all models. The stapes was only partially formed in two models and absent in the third. Qualitative feel of the ABS plastic was softer than bone. The pate produced by drilling was similar to bone dust when appropriate irrigation was used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a rapid prototype temporal bone model made based on clinical CT data using 3D printing technology. The model can be made quickly and inexpensively enough to have potential applications for educational training.
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Electronic address: josscohen2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joss
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Otolaryngology.
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Reyes
mesh_terms: D000718:Anatomy, Regional / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D008416:Mastoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards*