title: Evaluation of right atrial dysfunction in patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot using 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography. Insights from the CSONGRAD Registry and MAGYAR-Path Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent studies, alterations in ventricular deformations were demonstrated in adult patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. The present study was designed to assess three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived right atrial volumetric and strain parameters in corrected tetralogy of Fallot.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 17 patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot were included in the study. Their results were compared with 18 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Complete two-dimensional echocardiography and three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography were performed in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased right atrial volumes respecting heart cycle were detected in patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot. Total and passive atrial emptying fractions proved to be significantly decreased in patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot (26.4 ± 12.4 % vs. 39.1 ± 8.8 %, p = 0.001 and 11.2 ± 6.8 % vs. 19.8 ± 9.0 %, p = 0.003, respectively). Global and mean segmental peak longitudinal (17.3 ± 9.2 % vs. 30.8 ± 11.2 %, p = 0.0007 and 20.6 ± 10.7 % vs. 34.4 ± 10.5 %, p = 0.0005) and area strains (20.1 ± 17.6 % vs. 41.0 ± 19.8 %, p = 0.004 and 28.1 ± 19.8 % vs. 49.1 ± 19.7 %, p = 0.004) as well as global radial peak strain (-9.1 ± 5.1 % vs. -15.0 ± 10.0 %, p = 0.05) were reduced in patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complexity of right atrial dysfunction can be demonstrated by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis street 6, P.O. Box 427, 6725, Szeged, Hungary. nemes.attila@med.u-szeged.hu.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis street 6, P.O. Box 427, 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Kálmán
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Havasi
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis street 6, P.O. Box 427, 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Domsik
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis street 6, P.O. Box 427, 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalapos
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis street 6, P.O. Box 427, 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Echocardiography; Function; Right atrial; Speckle-tracking echocardiography; Three-dimensional