title: Changes in Tinnitus After Middle Ear Implant Surgery: Comparisons With the Cochlear Implant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tinnitus is a very common symptom in patients with hearing loss. Several studies have confirmed that hearing restoration using hearing aids or cochlear implants (CIs) has a suppressive effect on tinnitus in users. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of other hearing restoration devices, specifically the middle ear implant (MEI), on changes in tinnitus severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2012 to October 2014, 11 adults with tinnitus and hearing loss underwent MEI surgery. Pure-tone audiometry, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), and visual analog scale scores for loudness, awareness, and annoyance and psychosocial instruments were measured before, immediately after, and 6 months after surgery. Changes in hearing thresholds and THI scores were analyzed and compared with those of 16 CI recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both MEI and CI groups, significant improvements in tinnitus were found after the surgery. The THI scores improved in 91% of patients in the MEI group and in 56% of those in the CI group. Visual analog scale scores and psychosocial scale scores also decreased after surgery, but there were no statistical differences between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the MEI may be as beneficial as the CI in relieving tinnitus in subjects with unilateral tinnitus accompanying hearing loss. Furthermore, this improvement may manifest as hearing restoration or habituation rather than a direct electrical nerve stimulation, which was previously considered as the main mechanism underlying tinnitus suppression by auditory implants.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University WonJu College of Medicine, Wonju; 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon; and 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hyun Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In Seok
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D019933:Ossicular Replacement; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome