title: Expression of Stem Cell-associated Marker HES77 in Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expression of novel stem cell-associated marker human embryonic stem cell 77 (HES77) was studied in rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which comprise 10 to 15% of gastroenteropancreatic NETs, some with metastatic potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  WHO 2010 classification was applied, and immunohistochemical positivity for HES77 was assessed in 72 primary tumors and 6 metastases. Correlations were calculated between HES77 expression, metastasis and patient survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of HES77 strongly positively correlated with metastatic potential and poorer prognosis. The proliferative index determined in the metastasis did not correlate with patient survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novel stem cell-associated marker HES77 has a strong prognostic value in patients with rectal NETs and may be useful in selecting those who are at-risk for developing metastatic disease, and who may benefit from intensive adjuvant therapy. Proliferative index in the metastasis did not predict for outcome. Characterization of the HES77 epitope would certainly enhance the interest in the antibody.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland juha.jernman@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jernman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagström
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mäenpää
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Välimäki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
authors.affiliation: Onson Consulting, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Fujirebio Diagnostics AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fermér
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Caj
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haglund
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arola
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: HES77; Rectum; carcinoid; metastasis; neuroendocrine tumor; prognosis