title: Sex Differences in HIV Prevalence, Behavioral Risks and Prevention Needs Among Anglophone and Francophone Sub-Saharan African Migrants Living in Rabat, Morocco.
abstract: Morocco has experienced a dramatic increase of migration from sub-Sahara Africa during the past decade. Recently included among the most vulnerable populations cited in the Morocco National Strategic Plans on HIV/TB for 2012-2016, sub-Saharan Africa migrants living in an irregular administrative situation participated in a survey to provide baseline data about their socio-demographic, sexual and HIV testing behaviors and HIV and syphilis prevalence. Two surveys using respondent driven sampling were conducted in 2013 among males and females, ≥18 years, originating from sub-Saharan African countries and living and/or working in an irregular administrative situation in Rabat and residing at least 3 months in Morocco. Analysis was conducted to evaluate differences between the two samples and between females and males within each sample using the successive sampling estimator in RDS Analyst. Roughly 3 % of francophone and anglophone migrants were infected with HIV, whereas a statistically significantly higher percentage of francophone (2.8 %), compared to anglophone (0.3 %), migrants were infected with syphilis. Females were found to have HIV infection rates three times higher and past year sexually transmitted infection signs and symptoms more than two times higher than their male counterparts. Female migrants also had statistically significantly higher percentages of ever testing for HIV and HIV testing and receiving results in the past year compared to males. We found distinct and important differences between migrants depending on whether they come from francophone versus anglophone countries and whether they were male or female. Future research should continue to explore these differences, while policies and programs should note these differences to best allocate resources in providing social and health services to these populations.
authors.affiliation: Independent Consultant, Amsterdam, Netherlands. lsjohnston.global@gmail.com.|UNAIDS, Rabat, Morocco. lsjohnston.global@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oumzil
authors.affiliation: UNAIDS, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Houssine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El Rhilani
authors.affiliation: Ministère de la Santé, Programme National de Lutte contre le SIDA, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latifi
authors.affiliation: Ministère de la Santé, Programme National de Lutte contre le SIDA, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Aziza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bennani
authors.affiliation: UNAIDS, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: HIV/AIDS; Migration; Morocco; Respondent driven sampling; Sub-Sahara Africa