title: Key dimensions of impairment, self-report, and environmental supports in persons with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine key dimensions relevant to recovery in the postacute period for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to determine the ability of scores on these dimensions to predict participation outcomes for persons with TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort, observational study of 504 persons with medically documented TBI. Participants completed a comprehensive battery of measures including cognitive tests; questionnaires assessing self-report of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms and strengths; environmental supports; and a measure of participation outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were a predominantly male, ethnically/racially diverse sample of persons with complicated mild, moderate, and severe TBI. Variable cluster analysis identified 12 key dimensions of cognitive function, neurobehavioral complaints, personal strengths, physical symptoms and function, environmental supports, and performance validity. In unadjusted analyses, all 12 dimensions were predictive of participation outcome. In multivariable regression analysis with adjustment of all predictors for all other predictors, dimensions measuring memory, independence and self-esteem, resilience, emotional distress, physical functioning, and economic and family support made unique contributions to predicting participation outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings add to our understanding of key aspects of functioning and self-perception for persons with TBI. Knowledge of the profile of an individual patient on these 12 dimensions may assist with development of a treatment approach for the person with TBI. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, TIRR Memorial Hermann.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Brain Injury Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann.
authors.forename: Angelle M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Todd G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Nick
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Melguizo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware College of Health Sciences.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Tulsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware College of Health Sciences.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kisala
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wayne State University Medical School.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanks
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Novack
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult