title: Three-dimensional dynamic fabrication of engineered cartilage based on chitosan/gelatin hybrid hydrogel scaffold in a spinner flask with a special designed steel frame.
abstract: Cartilage transplantation using in vitro tissue engineered cartilage is considered a promising treatment for articular cartilage defects. In this study, we assessed the advantages of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) combined with chitosan/gelatin hybrid hydrogel scaffolds, which acted as a cartilage biomimetic scaffold, to fabricate a tissue engineered cartilage dynamically in vitro and compared this with traditional static culture. Physical properties of the hydrogel scaffolds were evaluated and ADSCs were inoculated into the hydrogel at a density of 1×10(7) cells/mL and cultured in a spinner flask with a special designed steel framework and feed with chondrogenic inductive media for two weeks. The results showed that the average pore size, porosity, swelling rate and elasticity modulus of hybrid scaffolds with good biocompatibility were 118.25±19.51 μm, 82.60±2.34%, 361.28±0.47% and 61.2±0.16 kPa, respectively. ADSCs grew well in chitosan/gelatin hybrid scaffold and successfully differentiated into chondrocytes, showing that the scaffolds were suitable for tissue engineering applications in cartilage regeneration. Induced cells cultivated in a dynamic spinner flask with a special designed steel frame expressed more proteoglycans and the cell distribution was much more uniform with the scaffold being filled mostly with extracellular matrix produced by cells. A spinner flask with framework promoted proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs within chitosan/gelatin hybrid scaffolds and accelerated dynamic fabrication of cell-hydrogel constructs, which could be a selective and good method to construct tissue engineered cartilage in vitro.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: kedongsong@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kedong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Wenfang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Anti-Ageing and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060 Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Zeren
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mayasari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
authors.forename: Meiyun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
authors.forename: Fangxin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China. Electronic address: whwl@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: liutq@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tianqing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D064347:Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning; D013232:Steel; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels; D013232:Steel; D005780:Gelatin; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: ADSCs; Chitosan/gelatin hybrid hydrogel; Spinner flask; Three dimensional fabrication; Tissue engineered cartilage