title: Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Isolate US/Iowa/18984/2013 Infection in 1-Day-Old Cesarean-Derived Colostrum-Deprived Piglets.
abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was first recognized in North America in April 2013 and has since caused devastating disease. The objective of this study was to characterize disease and viral detection associated with an original North American PEDV isolate inoculated in neonatal piglets. Thirty-six 1-day-old cesarean-derived and colostrum-deprived piglets were randomly assigned to the control (n = 16) or challenged group (n = 20); the latter were orogastrically inoculated with 1 ml of US/Iowa/18984/2013 PEDV isolate titered at 1 × 10(3) plaque-forming units per milliliter. Rectal swabs were collected from all piglets prior to inoculation and every 12 hours postinoculation (hpi) thereafter, with 4 control and 5 challenged piglets euthanized at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi. One piglet had a positive real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction test on rectal swab at 12 hpi, and all remaining piglets were positive thereafter, with highest viral quantities detected at 24 and 36 hpi. Diarrhea was evident in 30% and 100% of challenged piglets at 18 and 24 hpi, respectively. Viral antigen was detected in enterocytes by immunohistochemistry in the duodenum and ileum of piglets euthanized at 12 hpi and was apparent throughout the small intestine of all piglets thereafter, with villus height:crypt depth ratios consistently below 4:1. Viremia was confirmed in 18 of 20 pigs at euthanasia. Clinical disease was severe and developed rapidly following infection with an original North American PEDV isolate, with lesions, viremia, and antigen detection possible by 12 hpi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA madson@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Madson
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: P H E
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Magstadt
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Burrough
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gauger
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wilberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D003126:Colostrum / Q000378:metabolism; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000662:veterinary*; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000821:virology; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral
keywords: coronavirus; immunohistochemistry; intestinal diseases; pathogenesis; pathology; pigs; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; shedding