title: Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Retail Meats and Shrimp at a Local Market in Vietnam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contamination of food with multiantibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, is considered a potential source for the wide dissemination of ESBL-producing bacteria in communities. However, little is known about the extent of contamination of food with ESBL-producing bacteria in Vietnam.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to assess the characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from retail meats and shrimp in Nha Trang, Vietnam.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 350 food samples (poultry [n=143], pork [n=147], and shrimp [n=60]) were purchased in July and November 2013 from a local market. ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated, and ESBL genotypes, phylogenetic groups, and antibiotic resistance profiles were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in retail foods was 40.6%. β-Lactamase-encoding genes of the CTX-M-1 (50.7%), CTX-M-9 (41.5%), TEM (59.9%), and SHV (2.8%) groups were detected singly or in combination. The percentages of single ESBL isolates harboring CTX-M-1 or -9 plus TEM groups were 35.2% and 16.2%, respectively. B1 was the most prevalent phylogroup in ESBL isolates from pork (44.7%), poultry (55.9%), and shrimp (72.7%). B2 was the least prevalent (4.2% and 4.8% for pork and poultry isolates, respectively). The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobial groups) in ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from food was 85.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of the characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli in retail foods in a local city in Vietnam. Our findings indicate that retail foods are contaminated with ESBL-producing E. coli, of which many were MDR. Further monitoring and public health efforts targeting food administration are needed to control the spread of ESBL-producing bacteria in communities.
authors.affiliation: 1 Nha Trang Pasteur Institute , Nha Trang, Vietnam .
authors.forename: Quoc Phong
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Ryukyus , Okinawa, Japan .
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: 1 Nha Trang Pasteur Institute , Nha Trang, Vietnam .
authors.forename: Thi Ngoc Hue
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: 1 Nha Trang Pasteur Institute , Nha Trang, Vietnam .
authors.forename: Thi Van Khanh
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: 1 Nha Trang Pasteur Institute , Nha Trang, Vietnam .
authors.forename: Thi Ai
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Van Hoang
authors.affiliation: 1 Nha Trang Pasteur Institute , Nha Trang, Vietnam .
authors.forename: Thi Thuy Nga
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Ryukyus , Okinawa, Japan .
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: 3 Osaka University , Osaka, Japan .
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: 4 Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka, Japan .
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: 1 Nha Trang Pasteur Institute , Nha Trang, Vietnam .
authors.forename: Thai Hung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: 1 Nha Trang Pasteur Institute , Nha Trang, Vietnam .
authors.forename: Quang Mai
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Vien
authors.affiliation: 3 Osaka University , Osaka, Japan .|4 Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka, Japan .
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology*; D017747:Seafood / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial