title: Molecular Analysis of Mixed Endometrioid and Serous Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The molecular biology and cellular origins of mixed type endometrial carcinomas (MT-ECs) are poorly understood, and a Type II component of 10 percent or less may confer poorer prognoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 10 cases of MT-EC (containing endometrioid and serous differentiation), 5 pure low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) and 5 pure uterine serous carcinoma (USC). Endometrioid and serous components of the MT-ECs were macrodissected and the expression of 60 candidate genes compared between MT-EC, pure USC and pure EAC. We found that four genes were differentially expressed when MT-ECs were compared to pure low-grade EAC: CDKN2A (P = 0.006), H19 (P = 0.010), HOMER2 (P = 0.009) and TNNT1 (P = 0.006). Also while we found that even though MT-ECs closely resembled the molecular profiles of pure USCs, they also exhibit lower expression of PAX8 compared to all pure cases combined (P = 0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that MT-EC exhibits the closest molecular and epidemiological similarities to pure USC and supports clinical observations that suggest patients with MT-EC should receive the same treatment as patients with pure serous carcinoma. Novel specific markers of MT-EC could be of diagnostic utility and could represent novel therapeutic targets in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lawrenson
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pakzamir
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States of America.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America.
authors.forename: Melissa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America.
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gayther
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States of America.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America.
authors.forename: Paulette
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mhawech-Fauceglia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D000072636:PAX8 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics; D012704:Serous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D014336:Troponin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D000072636:PAX8 Transcription Factor; C083325:PAX8 protein, human; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D014336:Troponin