title: Changes in Antioxidant Defense Capability and Lipid Profile after 12-Week Low- Intensity Continuous Training in Both Cigarette and Hookah Smokers: A Follow-Up Study.
abstract: To examine the impact of low-intensity continuous training program on antioxidant defense capability and lipid profile in male cigarette or hookah smokers. Forty-three male adults participated in a 12-week continuous training program at an intensity of 40% of VO2max. All subjects were subjected to anthropometric, physical and biochemical tests before and after the training program. The increase of Glutathione reductase (GR) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is significant only for cigarette smokers (CS) and hookah smokers (HS) groups. The Malondialdehyde (MDA) decrease and α-tocopherol increase are significant only for HS group. GPx was increased in NS, CS and HS by 2.6% (p< 0.01), 2% (p< 0.05) and 1.7% (p< 0.05) respectively. Likewise, significant improvements of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and TC/HDL-C ratio were observed in three groups. En contrast no significant changes were recorded in triglycerides (TG). Also, significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC) for CS group (p< 0.01) and HS groups (p< 0.05). This continuous training program appears to have an important role in lipid levels improving and oxidative stress attenuation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Sfax Medicine Faculty SMF, Avenue Majida Boulila, Sfax, 3029, Tunisia; Research Unit (EM2S), Sfax Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Airport Road, P.O Box 384, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Abdessalem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koubaa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of cardio-circulatory, respiratory, and hormonal adaptations to muscular exercise, 98/UR08-67, Ibn El Jazzar Medicine Faculty, University of Sousse, Avenue Mohamed Karoui, Sousse, 4002, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Moez
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Triki
authors.affiliation: Research Unit (EM2S), Sfax Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Airport Road, P.O Box 384, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hajer
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trabelsi
authors.affiliation: Research Unit (EM2S), Sfax Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Airport Road, P.O Box 384, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Liwa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masmoudi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Sfax Medicine Faculty SMF, Avenue Majida Boulila, Sfax, 3029, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Zouhair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sahnoun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Sfax Medicine Faculty SMF, Avenue Majida Boulila, Sfax, 3029, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hakim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids