title: Plasma Uric Acid as a Prognostic Marker in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uric acid (UA) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. However, its significance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has not yet been evaluated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate clinical implications of plasma UA levels on the prognosis of patients with HCM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 588 adult patients with HCM were enrolled at FuWai Hospital from 1999-2011 and followed until 2014. The plasma levels of UA were measured at enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up of 5.2 ± 2.4 years, 44 (7.5%) patients had cardiovascular-related deaths, and 100 (17.0%) patients had cardiac events. Compared with the first tertile of UA concentration (< 284.6 μmol/L), patients in the highest tertile (> 358.7 μmol/L) had a higher risk for the development of adverse events: cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-7.04; P = 0.007), all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.11-4.89; P = 0.025), cardiac events (adjusted HR, 4.20, 95% CI, 2.38-7.42; P < 0.001), heart failure events (adjusted HR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.86-6.45; P < 0.001), and arrhythmic events (adjusted HR, 9.19; 95% CI, 2.40-35.25; P = 0.001). Similarly, the continuous variable of UA (for every 1 mg/dL higher concentration) was also an independent predictor for adverse outcomes: cardiovascular death (adjusted HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.11-1.49; P = 0.001), all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07-1.41; P = 0.004), cardiac events (adjusted HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.41; P < 0.001), heart failure events (adjusted HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06-1.33; P = 0.003), and arrhythmic events (adjusted HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.30-1.98; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that UA is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with HCM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jizheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yilu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yubao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rutai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zuyiyuan@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zuyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lsongqd@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid