title: The evaluation of MCI, MI, PMI and GT on both genders with different age and dental status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to measure the mandibular cortical index (MCI), mental index (MI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI) and cortical bone thickness in the zone of the gonial angle (GT) in panoramic radiographies from a large sample of males and females and to determine how they relate to patients' age, gender and dental status.
  
  
  METHODS
  910 panoramic radiographs were obtained and grouped into age, dental status and gender. The MCI, MI, PMI and GT were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remarkable differences were observed for MCI and GT regarding gender, age groups and dental status on both sides (p < 0.05). While age and dental status had an effect on the MI and PMI in females, dental status had an effect on the MI and PMI in males (p < 0.05). Also, gender had an effect on the MI and PMI (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of age and tooth loss are different in females and males. In females, the harmful effects of tooth loss and age are more prominent according to the PMI and MI measurements. The effects of age and tooth loss in the GT and MCI measurements are similar, and these indices can be accepted as more reliable in studies including both genders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bozdag
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sener
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002680:Chin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003817:Dentition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: bone; radiomorphometric indices; remodelling