title: Influence of adjuvants on the dissipation of fenpropimorph, pyrimethanil, chlorpyrifos and lindane on the solid/gas interface.
abstract: The use of pesticides is an integral part of modern agriculture and contributes to the productivity and the quality of the cultivated crop. However, use of pesticides imposes a huge burden on the environment. Volatilisation of pesticides contaminates the environment, affects nearby crops, bystanders and residents but research to mitigate this environmental contamination remains scarce. In this study, the use of adjuvants to reduce the volatilisation and mitigate the environmental contamination was investigated. Dissipation of fenpropimorph, pyrimethanil, chlorpyrifos-ethyl and lindane as pure active ingredient, formulated by different adjuvants and in a commercial formulation were studied. An empirical model assuming exponential decay of the volatilisation rate was used to calculate the volatilisation. In 48 h, up to 90% of the pure fenpropimorph and lindane volatilised. Addition of adjuvants was shown to reduce the volatilisation of pesticides by up to 80%. Commercial formulation was able to reduce the volatilisation of pyrimethanil but the formulation of fenpropimorph had no effect on its volatilisation.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Michael.houbraken@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Houbraken
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Senaeve
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Davina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fevery
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spanoghe
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000032:analysis*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009025:Morpholines / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009025:Morpholines; D010575:Pesticides; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C050435:fenpropimorph; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; C108337:pyrimethanil; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Adjuvants; Formulation; Pesticide; Volatilisation