title: Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment. A systematic review of the biological basis and clinical effectiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review the literature to assess the quality of evidence related to corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment (CAOT) as adjunctive treatment in orthodontics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between 2013 and 2014. Various electronic  databases were searched and abstracts were retrieved. Defined inclusion criteria were then applied to the obtained original articles for further evaluation by 2 examiners independently. The criteria of selection included human, or animal studies, which assessed some aspects of CAOT and/or the biological principles behind it. Case reports and series were excluded. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the methodological score for clinical trials developed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen articles were retrieved initially, but only 12 articles were finally selected for the study. The CAOT was found to accelerate tooth movement by 2-2.5 folds when compared with conventional orthodontic tooth movement. The CAOT was found safe on periodontal health and exhibits no or little risk of root resorption. A localized turnover of alveolar spongiosa and the absence of a hyalinized zone was the acceptable biological explanation of CAOT. There is no evidence to support that CAOT enhances the movement of ankylosed teeth, closing old extraction sites, post-orthodontic stability, or transverse expansion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment should be considered with caution. Long term randomized clinical trials are still needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. aakbr@kau.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Samar H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Al-Saeed
authors.forename: Basma A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Al-Maghlouth
authors.forename: Maha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bahammam
authors.forename: Amal I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Linjawi
authors.forename: Tarek H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: El-Bialy
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000379:methods*; D012529:Saudi Arabia