title: Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis.
abstract: During the past decades, a growing interest has been raised in evaluating nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFBE). This paper reviews several aspects of the correlations between NTM and NCFBE, including pathogenesis, radiological features, diagnosis, and management. Bronchiectasis and NTM lung disease are connected, but which one comes first is still an unresolved question. The rate of NTM lung disease in NCFBE varies through the studies, from 5% to 30%. The most frequent species isolated is MAC. NCFBE patients affected by NTM infection frequently present coinfections, including both other different NTM species and microorganisms, such as P. aeruginosa. Once a diagnosis of NTM disease has been reached, the initiation of therapy is not always mandatory. NTM species isolated, patients' conditions, and disease severity and its evolution should be considered. Risk factors for disease progression in NCFBE patients with NTM are low body mass index, cavitary disease, consolidations, and macrolide resistance at presentation.
authors.affiliation: Health Science Department, University of Milan Bicocca, AO San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonaiti
authors.affiliation: Health Science Department, University of Milan Bicocca, AO San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pesci
authors.affiliation: Health Science Department, University of Milan Bicocca, AO San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Almerico
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marruchella
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, AO San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lapadula
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, AO San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.affiliation: Health Science Department, University of Milan Bicocca, AO San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0090-4531
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aliberti
mesh_terms: D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012307:Risk Factors