title: Relationships between job organisational factors, biomechanical and psychosocial exposures.
abstract: The relationships between work organisational, biomechanical and psychosocial factors were studied using cross-sectional data from a pooled dataset of 1834 participants. The work organisational factors included: job rotation, overtime work, having second jobs and work pace. Task and job level biomechanical variables were obtained through sub-task data collected in the field or analysed in the laboratory. Psychosocial variables were collected based on responses to 10 questions. The results showed that job rotations had significant effects on all biomechanical and most psychosocial measures. Those with job rotations generally had higher job biomechanical stressors, and lower job satisfaction. Overtime work was associated with higher job biomechanical stressors, and possibly self-reported physical exhaustion. Those having second jobs reported getting along with co-workers well. Work pace had significant influences on all biomechanical stressors, but its impact on job biomechanical stressors and psychosocial effects are complicated.
  The findings are based on a large number of subjects collected by three research teams in diverse US workplaces. Job rotation practices used in many workplaces may not be effective in reducing job biomechanical stressors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Overtime work is also associated with higher biomechanical stressors.
authors.affiliation: a Safety and Health Assessment and Research for Prevention (SHARP) Program, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries , Olympia , USA.
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: b Department of Occupational Science & Technology , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , USA.
authors.forename: Jay M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kapellusch
authors.affiliation: c Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Merryweather
authors.affiliation: d Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (RMCOEH) , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Thiese
authors.affiliation: b Department of Occupational Science & Technology , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , USA.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: d Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (RMCOEH) , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA.
authors.forename: Kurt T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hegmann
authors.affiliation: a Safety and Health Assessment and Research for Prevention (SHARP) Program, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries , Olympia , USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Silverstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D009790:Occupations; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: job risk assessment; job rotation; overtime work; work pace; work-related musculoskeletal disorders