title: Energy Storage Materials from Nature through Nanotechnology: A Sustainable Route from Reed Plants to a Silicon Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.
abstract: Silicon is an attractive anode material in energy storage devices, as it has a ten times higher theoretical capacity than its state-of-art carbonaceous counterpart. However, the common process to synthesize silicon nanostructured electrodes is complex, costly, and energy-intensive. Three-dimensional (3D) porous silicon-based anode materials have been fabricated from natural reed leaves by calcination and magnesiothermic reduction. This sustainable and highly abundant silica source allows for facile production of 3D porous silicon with very good electrochemical performance. The obtained silicon anode retains the 3D hierarchical architecture of the reed leaf. Impurity leaching and gas release during the fabrication process leads to an interconnected porosity and the reductive treatment to an inside carbon coating. Such anodes show a remarkable Li-ion storage performance: even after 4000 cycles and at a rate of 10 C, a specific capacity of 420 mA h g(-1) is achieved.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany).|School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510641 (China).
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany).
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kopold
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany).
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Aken
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany).
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 (China). yanyumse@ustc.edu.cn.|Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany). yanyumse@ustc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
keywords: anode materials; carbon coating; lithium-ion batteries; mesoporous silica; reed leaves