title: Gender, Power, and Emigration From Mexico.
abstract: The prevailing model of migration in developing countries conceives of a risk-diversifying household in which members act as a single entity when making migration decisions. Ethnographic studies challenge this model by documenting gender hierarchy in family decisions and arguing that, in many contexts, men and women have differing views on the value of migration. We assess these perspectives using longitudinal survey data from Mexico. We show that Mexican households are heterogeneous in terms of women's decision-making authority and control over resources, and this variation predicts the subsequent emigration of their male partners to the United States. We then use data from a policy experiment to demonstrate that an exogenous increase in a woman's control over household resources decreases the probability that her spouse migrates. Our findings support the presence of important gender differences in how migration is valued. They also suggest that women's role in these decisions is inadvertently underrepresented in studies of migrant families. Staying is also a migration decision, and it is more likely in homes in which women have greater authority. From a policy perspective, the results suggest that Mexican migration is influenced not only by increases in household resources but also by which members of the household control them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4456 Sewell Social Sciences, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. jnobles@ssc.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nobles
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McKelvey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003657:Decision Making; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D057766:Policy; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bargaining power; Gender; Mexico; Migration; NELM