title: Effects of Ixeris dentata water extract and caffeic acid on allergic inflammation in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ixeris dentata Nakai has been used for the treatment of mithridatism, calculous, indigestion, pneumonia, hepatitis, and tumors in Korea, China, and Japan. However, the effect of a water extract of Ixeris dentata (ID) and its molecular mechanism on allergic inflammation has not been elucidated. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effects of ID and its major compound caffeic acid on allergic inflammation in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  ID was applied to 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesion mice and immune cell infiltration, cytokine production, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were investigated. Moreover, the effect of ID on compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock was investigated in a mouse model. The human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells) and human mast cells (HMC-1) were treated with ID or caffeic acid to investigate the effects on the production of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines and on the activation of MAPKs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ID inhibited the serum levels of IgE and interleukin (IL)-1β in DNFB-induced AD-like skin lesion mouse models and suppressed anaphylactic shock in the mouse models. ID and caffeic acid inhibited the production of chemokines and adhesion molecules in HaCaT cells. In addition, ID reduced the release of tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-8 via the inhibition of MAPKs phosphorylation in HMC-1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that ID is a potential therapeutic agent for allergic inflammatory diseases, including dermatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.|Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Environmental & Bioresources Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Deok
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Ye
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Seung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yo-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, Yugok-dong, Kyungsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jyum@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Um
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea. jooklim@wku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C040048:caffeic acid