title: Alternative treatment of vaginal infections – in vitro antimicrobial and toxic effects of Coriandrum sativum L. and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of study were to examine the antibacterial potential of two commercial essential oils (EOs) from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) against vaginal clinical strains of bacteria and yeast and their chemical composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antimicrobial activities of commercial essential oils were determined using macro-diffusion (disc, well) and micro-dilution method in 96-well micro plates against twelve clinical strains of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp., Staph. aureus ATCC 25923, ATCC 6538 and E. coli 25922 and two clinical Candida albicans strains, including ATTC 10231. Spectrophotometric method was used for determination on C. albicans growth. An antimicrobial effect of EOs was strain specific. Bactericidal activity was higher for coriander EO (minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) 0·4-45·4 μl ml(-1)) against almost all tested bacteria, except multiple resistant strains of Eneterococcus sp. and Proteus sp. Thyme EO showed slightly better fungicidal activity reaching MIC at 0·11 mg ml(-1) for all C. albicans strains. The effect of EOs on biofilm-forming ability was tested for two strains of Staph. aureus and E. coli, as well as on C. albicans filamentation ability. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay revealed thymus oil total toxicity and coriander oil intoxicity (LC50 = 2·25 mg ml(-1)). The chemical composition of oils was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry showing oxygenated monoterepenes as dominant constituents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide in-vitro scientific support for the safety possible use of Coriander EO against E. coli, Staph. aureus and C. albicans vaginal infections in alternative gynaecological treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To examine EOs as possible constituent of naturally based antimicrobial agents in vaginaletes for safety gynaecological application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogavac
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Lj
authors.initials: Lj
authors.lastname: Janjušević
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Health Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sudji
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Radovanović
authors.affiliation: Primary Health Care Bač, Bač, Serbia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Novaković
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simeunović
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Božin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D001681:Biological Assay; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D028526:Coriandrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D046930:Thymus Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Artemia salina; Coriandrum sativum L., cytotoxicity; EOs; antimicrobial activity; infection; vaginal