title: Ginger extract prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ pathway.
abstract: The initiation of obesity entails an imbalance wherein energy intake exceeds expenditure. Obesity is increasing in prevalence and is now a worldwide health problem. Food-derived peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) stimulators represent potential treatment options for obesity. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was previously shown to regulate the PPARγ signaling pathway in adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the antiobesity effects of ginger in vivo and the mechanism of action in vitro. Energy expenditure was increased, and diet-induced obesity was attenuated in C57BL/6J mice treated with dietary ginger extract (GE). GE also increased the number of Type I muscle fibers, improved running endurance capacity and upregulated PPARδ-targeted gene expression in skeletal muscle and the liver. 6-Shogaol and 6-gingerol acted as specific PPARδ ligands and stimulated PPARδ-dependent gene expression in cultured human skeletal muscle myotubes. An analysis of cellular respiration revealed that pretreating cultured skeletal muscle myotubes with GE increased palmitate-induced oxygen consumption rate, which suggested an increase in cellular fatty acid catabolism. These results demonstrated that sustained activation of the PPARδ pathway with GE attenuated diet-induced obesity and improved exercise endurance capacity by increasing skeletal muscle fat catabolism. 6-Shogaol and 6-gingerol may be responsible for the regulatory effects of dietary ginger on PPARδ signaling.
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan. Electronic address: misawa.koichi@kao.co.jp.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan. Electronic address: hashizume.kojiro@kao.co.jp.
authors.forename: Kojiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan. Electronic address: yamamoto.masaki@kao.co.jp.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan. Electronic address: minegishi.yoshihiko@kao.co.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minegishi
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan. Electronic address: hase.tadashi@kao.co.jp.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan. Electronic address: shimotoyodome.akira@kao.co.jp.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimotoyodome
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D002460:Cell Line; D004032:Diet; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D047494:PPAR delta; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Energy metabolism; Ginger; Muscle fibers, slow-twitch; Obesity; Oxygen consumption; PPAR delta