title: The Socioeconomic Differences in Alcohol-Related Harm and the Effects of Alcohol Prices on Them: A Summary of Evidence from Finland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We make a case study of Finland to study the connections between socioeconomic status, alcohol use, related harm and possibilities for intervention by means of alcohol pricing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of Finnish studies on the topic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The socioeconomic differences in severe alcohol-related harm were great, and in the past two decades, these differences have widened. Alcohol-related mortality has also strongly contributed to both the level and widening of socioeconomic differences in life expectancy. Both in 2004, when alcohol prices were abruptly cut, and in the longer term with more gradual changes in lowest prices of alcohol, the lowest socioeconomic groups were most affected in absolute-but not so clearly in relative-terms, particularly among men. However, these effects are sometimes weak, not fully consistent by gender and across different measures of harm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The large and increasing socioeconomic differences in alcohol-related harm in Finland underline the importance of reducing these differences. The finding that particularly among men the impact of reduced alcohol prices on health has often in absolute terms been the greatest in the lower socioeconomic groups suggests that policies aimed at keeping the price of alcoholic beverages high may help to both minimize the overall level of alcohol-related health problems and to reduce absolute inequalities.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol and Drugs Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland pia.makela@thl.fi.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.affiliation: Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Centre of Maritime Health and Society, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herttua
authors.affiliation: Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martikainen
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics*; D003132:Commerce / Q000191:economics*; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class