title: Atomic-Layer-Confined Doping for Atomic-Level Insights into Visible-Light Water Splitting.
abstract: A model of doping confined in atomic layers is proposed for atomic-level insights into the effect of doping on photocatalysis. Co doping confined in three atomic layers of In2S3 was implemented with a lamellar hybrid intermediate strategy. Density functional calculations reveal that the introduction of Co ions brings about several new energy levels and increased density of states at the conduction band minimum, leading to sharply increased visible-light absorption and three times higher carrier concentration. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the electron transfer time of about 1.6 ps from the valence band to newly formed localized states is due to Co doping. The 25-fold increase in average recovery lifetime is believed to be responsible for the increased of electron-hole separation. The synthesized Co-doped In2S3 (three atomic layers) yield a photocurrent of 1.17 mA cm(-2) at 1.5 V vs. RHE, nearly 10 and 17 times higher than that of the perfect In2S3 (three atomic layers) and the bulk counterpart, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. China).
authors.forename: Fengcai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. China).
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. China). yfsun@ustc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yongfu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. China).
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. China).
authors.forename: Katong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. China).
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. China). qunzh@ustc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. China).
authors.forename: Bicai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. China).
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (P.R. China). yxie@ustc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
keywords: atomic layers; cobalt; doping; ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy; water splitting