title: Ophthalmologic Psychophysical Tests Support OCT Findings in Mild Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Purpose. To analyze in mild Alzheimer's disease (MAD) patients, GDS-4 (Reisberg Scale), whether or not some psychophysical tests (PTs) support OCT macular findings in the same group of MAD patients reported previously. Methods. Twenty-three MAD patients and 28 age-matched control subjects with mean Mini Mental State Examination of 23.3 and 28.2, respectively, with no ocular disease or systemic disorders affecting vision were included. Best-corrected visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS) (3, 6, 12, and 18 cpds), color perception (CP), and perception digital test (PDT) were tested in one eye of each patient. Results. In comparison with the controls, MAD patients presented (i) a significant decrease in VA, PDT, and CS for all spatial frequencies analyzed, especially the higher ones, and (ii) a significant increase in unspecific errors on the blue axis (P < 0.05 in all instances). In MAD patients, a wide aROC curve was plotted in all PTs. Conclusions. In MAD, CS, VA, and the tritan axis in CP were impaired. The PTs with the greatest predictive value are the higher spatial frequencies in CS and tritan unspecific errors in CP. PT abnormalities are consistent with the structural findings reported in the same MAD patients using OCT.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salobrar-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Facultad de Óptica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Hoz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Facultad de Óptica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Facultad de Óptica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5480-5902
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yubero
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Triviño
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ramirez