title: Impact of Physical Chemical Characteristics of Abutment Implant Surfaces on Bacteria Adhesion.
abstract: Surface attachment is the first step in biofilm formation, and the ability of bacteria to adhere to surfaces and develop a biofilm is directly influenced by electrostatic interactions between the bacteria and the chemical composition of material surfaces. Here, we investigated the influence of physical and chemical characteristics of titanium (Ti) and zirconia (ZrO2) as implant abutment surfaces on the bacterial adhesion phase and compared the results to bovine enamel (BE) simulating a human tooth. To achieve this goal, we used 2 common pathogens of the oral cavity, Streptococcus mutans UA140 and Porphyromonas gingivalis 33277. To investigate the influence of material surfaces on bacterial adhesion, we studied the surface free energy as well as the topography by atomic force microscopy, and the chemical elements composition by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope. Our results indicated a hydrophobic characteristic for all of the materials; however, the presence of polar and nonpolar components could aid in understanding why greater numbers of bacteria had adhered to BE compared to the other surfaces. Our confocal microscopy data support the proposition that electrostatic interactions, indeed, affected the initial adhesion phase. Within the limitations of a laboratory study, the results revealed bacterial adhered on BE and no bacteria could be observed by confocal images on Ti and ZrO2 implant abutment surfaces.
authors.affiliation: 1   Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - Araraquara, Brazil.|2   Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Erica Dorigatti
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: de Avila
authors.affiliation: 3   Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.|4   Division of Diagnostic Surgical Science, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Rafael Scaf
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: de Molon
authors.affiliation: 2   Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Bruno P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: 2   Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif.|5   Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lux
authors.affiliation: 2   Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Wenyuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: 6   Department of Physical Chemical, Chemical Institute, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel Jafelicci
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Junior
authors.affiliation: 7   Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Madalena Palomari
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Spolidorio
authors.affiliation: 1   Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Vergani
authors.affiliation: 1   Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista - Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Assis Mollo Junior
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms; D002417:Cattle; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium
keywords: abutment implants; bacteria adhesion; titanium; zirconia