title: Vascular Complications Following Transradial and Transulnar Coronary Angiography in 1600 Consecutive Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major, noncoronary complications are rarely encountered following transradial coronary procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1600 prospectively studied patients with complete follow-up, 7 patients experienced major complications following coronary forearm procedures corresponding to an incidence of 0.44%. We found inadvertent symptomatic intramyocardial contrast medium injection, 2 cases with compartment syndrome of which 1 was managed surgically, exertional hand ischemia due to radial artery occlusion, a large ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm, an ulnar arteriovenous fistula, and 1 critical hand ischemia due to late occlusion of the distal brachial artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although infrequent, surveillance for major complications should be encouraged after forearm coronary procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece hahalisg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hahalis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Grigorios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsigkas
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakkos
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panagopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsota
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Periklis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davlouros
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Xanthopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koniari
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grapsas
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Almpanis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kounis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017535:Ulnar Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: complications; coronary procedures; hand ischemia; radial artery; ulnar artery