title: Commercial sheep flocks--fatty acid and fat-soluble antioxidant composition of milk and cheese related to changes in feeding management throughout lactation.
abstract: Fatty acids (FAs), tocopherols and retinoids were analysed in raw milk and cheese from six commercial sheep flocks monitored from early lactation in winter to late lactation in summer. In winter, animals received concentrate and forage indoors; in early spring, animals grazed part-time on cultivated or natural valley grasslands; and from mid spring on, animals were kept outdoors constantly on mountain natural pastures. Mountain grazing in late lactation significantly increased the amount of healthy desirable unsaturated FAs such as C18:1t11 (VA), C18:2c9t11 (RA), C18:2t11c13, C18:3c9c12c15 (ALA) and C20:5c5c8c11c14c17 (EPA), and those of α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol of milk and cheese. Stepwise discriminant analysis was applied to classify cheese samples according to seasonal feeding management. The multivariate approach was able to discriminate beyond doubt mountain cheeses from those of indoor feeding and part-time valley grazing.
authors.affiliation: Lactiker Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy,University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Paseo de la Universidad 7,01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz,Spain.
authors.forename: Izaskun
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valdivielso
authors.affiliation: Lactiker Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy,University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Paseo de la Universidad 7,01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz,Spain.
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell' Ambiente,Università degli studi di Firenze,Via delle Cascine 5,50144 Firenze,Italy.
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buccioni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell' Ambiente,Università degli studi di Firenze,Via delle Cascine 5,50144 Firenze,Italy.
authors.forename: Oreste
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Franci
authors.affiliation: Lactiker Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy,University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Paseo de la Universidad 7,01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz,Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Gordoa
authors.affiliation: Lactiker Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy,University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Paseo de la Universidad 7,01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz,Spain.
authors.forename: Mertxe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Renobales
authors.affiliation: Lactiker Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy,University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU,Paseo de la Universidad 7,01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz,Spain.
authors.forename: Luis Javier R
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Barron
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D012756:Sheep; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012176:Retinoids; D024505:Tocopherols
keywords: Fatty acids; cheese; milk; seasonal feeding; sheep; tocopherols