title: Cancer-targeted therapies and radiopharmaceuticals.
abstract: The treatment of bone metastases remains a clinical challenge. Although a number of well-established agents, namely bisphosphonates and denosumab, are available to reduce the occurrence of skeletal-related events, additional cancer-targeted therapies are required to improve patients' prognosis and quality of life. This review focuses on novel targets and agents that are under clinical evaluation for the treatment of malignant bone diseases such as activin A, src and endothelin-1 inhibition or agents that are clinically approved and may positively influence bone, such as the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. In addition, the potential of alpharadin, a novel radiopharmaceutical approved for the treatment of prostatic bone disease, is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden University Medical Center , Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Tilman D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Rachner
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jakob
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden University Medical Center , Dresden, Germany ; Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden Technical University , Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Lorenz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hofbauer