title: Potential Impact of Food Safety Vaccines on Health Care Costs.
abstract: Foodborne pathogens continue to cause several outbreaks every year in many parts of the world. Among the bacterial pathogens involved, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and nontyphoidal Salmonella species cause a significant number of human infections worldwide, resulting in a huge annual economic burden that amounts to millions of dollars in health care costs. Human infections are primarily caused by the consumption of contaminated food. Vaccination of food-producing animals is an attractive, cost-effective strategy to lower the levels of these pathogens that will ultimately result in a safer food supply and fewer human infections. However, producers are often reluctant to routinely vaccinate animals against these pathogens since they do not cause any detectable clinical symptoms. This review highlights recent approaches used to develop effective food safety vaccines and the potential impact these vaccines might have on health care costs.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University , Doha, Qatar .
authors.forename: Haitham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghunaim
authors.affiliation: 2 Basic Sciences Department, College of Science & Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Taseen S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Desin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000276:immunology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000191:economics; D059022:Food Safety / Q000379:methods*; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology; D054323:Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines