title: Pharmacogenetics in electroconvulsive therapy and adjunctive medications.
abstract: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of patients with depression and other mental illnesses who do not respond to psychotropic medications or need urgent control of their symptoms. Pharmacogenetics contributes to an individual's sensitivity and response to a variety of drugs. Clinical insights into pharmacogenetics of ECT and adjunctive medications not only improves its safety and efficacy in the indicated patients, but can also lead to the identification of novel treatments in psychiatric disorders through understanding of potential molecular and biological mechanisms involved. In this review, we explore the indications of pharmacogenetics role in safety and efficacy of ECT and present the evidence for its role in patients with psychiatric disorders undergoing ECT.
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Division of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirzakhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: van Noorden
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Orthopedic Anesthesia Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nozari
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk-Jan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Guchelaar
mesh_terms: D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics
keywords: ECT; depression; efficacy; pharmacogenetics; safety