title: Methylome Analysis in Chickens Immunized with Infectious Laryngotracheitis Vaccine.
abstract: In this study we investigated the methylome of chickens immunized with Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccine derived from chicken embryos. Methyl-CpG binding domain protein-enriched genome sequencing (MBD-Seq) method was employed in the detection of the 1,155 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) across the entire genome. After validation, we ascertained the genomic DMRs distribution and annotated them regarding genes, transcription start sites (TSS) and CpG islands. We found that global DNA methylation decreased in vaccinated birds, presenting 704 hypomethylated and 451 hypermethylated DMRs, respectively. Additionally, we performed an enrichment analysis detecting gene networks, in which cancer and RNA post-transcriptional modification appeared in the first place, followed by humoral immune response, immunological disease and inflammatory disease. The top four identified canonical pathways were EIF2 signaling, regulation of EIF4 and p70S6K signaling, axonal guidance signaling and mTOR signaling, providing new insight regarding the mechanisms of ILT etiology. Lastly, the association between DNA methylation and differentially expressed genes was examined, and detected negative correlation in seventeen of the eighteen genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yanghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kimberly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Menendez
authors.affiliation: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nathaniel L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Tablante
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Keji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Paulson
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bichun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jiuzhou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D001352:Herpesvirus 1, Gallid / Q000276:immunology*; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site / Q000502:physiology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D014612:Vaccines; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases