title: Diversity and evolution of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in Oomycetes.
abstract: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are heme-thiolate proteins whose role as drug targets against pathogens, as well as in valuable chemical production and bioremediation, has been explored. In this study we performed comprehensive comparative analysis of P450s in 13 newly explored oomycete pathogens. Three hundred and fifty-six P450s were found in oomycetes. These P450s were grouped into 15 P450 families and 84 P450 subfamilies. Among these, nine P450 families and 31 P450 subfamilies were newly found in oomycetes. Research revealed that oomycetes belonging to different orders contain distinct P450 families and subfamilies in their genomes. Evolutionary analysis and sequence homology data revealed P450 family blooms in oomycetes. Tandem arrangement of a large number of P450s belonging to the same family indicated that P450 family blooming is possibly due to its members' duplications. A unique combination of amino acid patterns was observed at EXXR and CXG motifs for the P450 families CYP5014, CYP5015 and CYP5017. A novel P450 fusion protein (CYP5619 family) with an N-terminal P450 domain fused to a heme peroxidase/dioxygenase domain was discovered in Saprolegnia declina. Oomycete P450 patterns suggested host influence in shaping their P450 content. This manuscript serves as reference for future P450 annotations in newly explored oomycetes.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Mopeli Marshal
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sello
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Norventia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jafta
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Wanping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3155 MSB, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parvez
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ipeleng Kopano Rosinah
authors.initials: IKR
authors.lastname: Kgosiemang
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Richie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Monyaki
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Seiso Caiphus
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Raselemane
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Lehlohonolo Benedict
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Qhanya
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ntsane Trevor
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Mthakathi
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Samson
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sitheni Mashele
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Khajamohiddin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syed
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000201:enzymology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System