title: VARK learning preferences and mobile anatomy software application use in pre-clinical chiropractic students.
abstract: Ubiquitous smartphone ownership and reduced face-to-face teaching time may lead to students making greater use of mobile technologies in their learning. This is the first study to report on the prevalence of mobile gross anatomy software applications (apps) usage in pre-clinical chiropractic students and to ascertain if a relationship exists between preferred learning styles as determined by the validated VARK(©) questionnaire and use of mobile anatomy apps. The majority of the students who completed the VARK questionnaire were multimodal learners with kinesthetic and visual preferences. Sixty-seven percent (73/109) of students owned one or more mobile anatomy apps which were used by 57 students. Most of these students owned one to five apps and spent less than 30 minutes per week using them. Six of the top eight mobile anatomy apps owned and recommended by the students were developed by 3D4Medical. Visual learning preferences were not associated with time spent using mobile anatomy apps (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.12-1.40). Similarly, kinesthetic learning preferences (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 0.18-20.2), quadmodal preferences (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.06-9.25), or gender (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.48-4.81) did not affect the time students' spent using mobile anatomy apps. Learning preferences do not appear to influence students' time spent using mobile anatomy apps. Anat Sci Educ 9: 247-254. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Chiropractic, School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Chiropractic, School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Norman J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Stomski
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Chiropractic, School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Stanley I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Innes
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Chiropractic, School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Armson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D002684:Chiropractic / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063731:Mobile Applications; D000068997:Smartphone; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: VARK; anatomy; applications; apps; chiropractic education; gross anatomy education; learning preferences; learning styles; mobile device technologies; smartphones; tertiary education