title: Effect of ultrasonic treatment on immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay.
abstract: Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Ultrasonic treatment was put in place to obtain AAP-1' and AAP-2'. Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. Monosaccharides composition analysis indicated that AAP-1 and AAP-1' were composed of Rha, Ara, Glc, and Gal in a molar ratio of 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5 and 1.4:1.6:0.4:0.7. AAP-2 and AAP-2' were composed of Xyl, Rha, Gal and Glc in a molar percent of 0.4:1.4:1.6:0.5 and 0.3:1.6:1.1:0.7. In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. AAP-2' seemed to be the most potent and induced significantly higher the NO production. These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Laboratory of Biophysics and Formulation Engineering, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 16, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Qilu University of Technology, Daxue Road, Western University Science Park, Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: renguixing@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Guixing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031742:Coix / Q000737:chemistry*; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Adlay; Alkali-extractable polysaccharide; Ultrasonic