title: Fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective comparison with ultrasound-guided ablation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the therapeutic efficacy of fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation (F-RFA) and ultrasound-guided RFA (US-RFA) in treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2006 and January 2012, 93 patients with small HCCs underwent percutaneous RFA. In 42 patients with 46 HCCs invisible on US, F-RFA was performed following intra-arterial iodised oil injection (group A). The remaining 51 patients with 58 HCCs received US-RFA (group B). Technical effectiveness, complications, local tumour progression, and patient survival were retrospectively compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical effectiveness was achieved in 45 HCCs of group A (97.8%) and 64 HCCs of group B (96.6%; p=0.65). There was no major complication in either group. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year local tumour progression rates were lower in group A than those of group B with marginal significance (0%, 3.7% and 3.7% in group A, and 13%, 13%, and 13% in group B; p=0.05). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient survival rates were 100%, 58.3%, and 51.2% (group A), and 82.4%, 54.9%, and 46.1% (group B; p=0.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  F-RFA is a feasible and safe treatment for small HCC invisible on US. Its therapeutic efficacy was comparable with that of US-RFA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Budang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Budang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yooncj1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Budang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D004998:Ethiodized Oil