title: Isolation and characterization of a novel Rhabdovirus from a wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Japan.
abstract: A novel rhabdovirus was isolated from the serum of a healthy Japanese wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) and identified using the rapid determination system for viral nucleic acid sequences (RDV), next-generation sequencing, and electron microscopy. The virus was tentatively named wild boar rhabdovirus 1 (WBRV1). Phylogenetic analysis of the entire genome sequence indicated that WBRV1 is closely related to Tupaia rhabdovirus (TRV), which was isolated from cultured cells of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue of tree shrew. TRV has not been assigned to any genus of Rhabdoviridae till date. Analysis of the L gene indicated that WBRV1 belongs to the genus Vesiculovirus. These observations suggest that both TRV and WBRV1 belong to a new genus of Rhabdoviridae. Next-generation genome sequencing of WBRV1 revealed 5 open reading frames of 1329, 765, 627, 1629, and 6336 bases in length. The WBRV1 gene sequences are similar to those of other rhabdoviruses. Epizootiological analysis of a population of wild boars in Wakayama prefecture in Japan indicated that 6.5% were positive for the WBRV1 gene and 52% were positive for WBRV1-neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, such viral neutralizing antibodies were found in domestic pigs in another prefecture. WBRV1 was inoculated intranasally and intraperitoneally into SCID and BALB/c mice and viral RNA was detected in SCID mice, suggesting that WBRV1 can replicate in immunocompromised mice. These results indicate this novel virus is endemic in wild animals and livestock in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Virus Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.affiliation: Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omatsu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Chinami
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryusei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuwata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.affiliation: Hikiiwa Park Center, 1629 Inari-cho, Tanabe 646-0051, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu-shi 069-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kurane
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saijo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.affiliation: Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan. Electronic address: tmizutan@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan. Electronic address: kmaeda@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000662:veterinary; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012209:Rhabdoviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Novel virus; Rapid determination of viral nucleic acid sequences (RDV); Rhabdovirus; Wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax)