title: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass stimulates hypothalamic miR-122 and inhibits cardiac and hepatic miR-122 expressions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding small ribonucleic acids that have emerged as one of the central players of gene expression regulation. This study was designed to determine and identify miRNAs that are associated with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: sham and RYGB. Changes in food intake and body weight were measured. miRNA microarray analyses on the brain hypothalamus and heart were performed. The expressions of miR-122 were analyzed, and the activities of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were determined in the hypothalamus, heart, and liver. Antisense oligonucleotide miR-122 was transfected into hepatocellular carcinoma cells to validate in vivo results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weights decreased in the RYGB group compared with those in sham group. Food intake was different between sham and RYGB groups. Of 350 miRNAs that were investigated, we observed that miR-122, being predominantly found in the liver, markedly increased (>35-fold) in the hypothalamus and decreased (>4-fold) in the heart. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that expression of miR-122 was induced in hypothalamus but attenuated in the heart and liver of the RYGB group. Activities of AMPK were decreased in the hypothalamus but increased in the heart and liver. Knockdown of miR-122 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells stimulated phosphorylation levels AMPK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results in this study suggest that RYGB regulates the expressions of miR-122 in the hypothalamus, heart, and liver, which in turn may modulate the activities of AMPK, the master regulator of metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Gyu
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Kyung
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: gsman@dsmc.or.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Pain Research Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: eyha@dsmc.or.kr.
authors.forename: Eunyoung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004435:Eating; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: C580643:MIRN122 microRNA, rat; D035683:MicroRNAs; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; MicroRNA-122; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass