title: Secondary posterior interosseous nerve lesions associated with humeral fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radial nerve lesions associated with humeral shaft fractures are the most common traumatic nerve lesions observed with long bone fractures. Secondary indirect posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) lesions can be associated with traumatic radial nerve palsy. The aim of this study was to identify cases of traumatic double-site radial nerve involvement through ultrasound (US).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with traumatic radial nerve lesions referred to our laboratory from January 2010 to January 2014 were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 35 patients, 18 had US evidence of a radial nerve lesion at the fracture site associated with secondary PIN involvement at the arcade of Frohse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple-site nerve lesions are difficult to demonstrate through electrodiagnostic tests. In our case series, half of the patients with traumatic radial nerve damage had US evidence of PIN injury. Prospective studies with follow-up are needed to determine the clinical and prognostic relevance of this finding and the best therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erra
authors.affiliation: Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Granata
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Science, Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coraci
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences: Sciences NPSRR, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briani
authors.affiliation: Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paolasso
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.|Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padua
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011826:Radial Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020425:Radial Neuropathy / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: double nerve lesion; humeral fracture; nerve ultrasound; posterior interosseous nerve; radial nerve