title: Treatment of traumatic brain injury with anti-inflammatory drugs.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury rapidly induces inflammation. This inflammation is produced both by endogenous brain cells and circulating inflammatory cells that enter from the brain. Together they drive the inflammatory response through a wide variety of bioactive lipids, cytokines and chemokines. A large number of drugs with anti-inflammatory action have been tested in both preclinical studies and in clinical trials. These drugs either have known anti-inflammatory action or inhibit the inflammatory response through unknown mechanisms. The results of these preclinical studies and clinical trials are reviewed. Recommendations are suggested on how to improve preclinical testing of drugs to make them more relevant to evaluate for clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural Science, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States. Electronic address: pbergold@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bergold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Brain function; Clinical trials; Histology; Inflammatory mediators; Preclinical testing