title: Anti-Social Behaviors Associated with Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use among Male Adolescents.
abstract: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) have been linked to a range of problematic behaviors, but AAS use is still sometimes portrayed as more benign than other forms of classical drug abuse. To address this issue, we compared the prevalence of anti-social behaviors among adolescent AAS users, non-AAS illicit drug users, and drug non-users. We examined 3 waves (2004, 2008, and 2012) of self-reported cross-sectional data from a secondary school survey conducted in Stockholm, Sweden (total n = 19,773; response percentage, 79.6%). Across all survey years, the risk ratios for virtually all measured anti-social behaviors were significantly higher among AAS users compared to non-AAS illicit drug users and to drug non-users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Section for Epidemiology and Public Health Intervention Research (EPHIR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallgren
authors.forename: Harrison G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kanayama
authors.forename: James I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Källmén
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D058445:Bullying; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003415:Crime; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012917:Social Adjustment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents