title: The relationship between microvascular complications and vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency is reported as a possible risk factor for the development of diabetes in several epidemiologic studies. In this study, we investigated the frequency of 25-OH vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the relationship between 25-OH vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of microvascular complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, we evaluated the medical records of 557 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic from January to March 2010 and 112 healthy controls randomly selected from individuals admitted to the hospital for a check-up and who had a laboratory result for serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations at screening. The levels of 25-OH vitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes and the relationship between 25-OH vitamin D deficiency and microvascular complications were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations was observed between the diabetic and control groups. No correlation was observed between HbA1C and serum 25-OH vitamin D levels. Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were lower in diabetic patients with nephropathy, and patients not using any medication, i.e., those treated with dietary changes alone, had a higher prevalence of nephropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D deficiency is more common in diabetic patients with nephropathy. When microvascular complications were evaluated, vitamin D levels were found to be lower in patients in whom these complications were more severe. Vitamin D deficiency is therefore associated with microvascular complications in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. calperuslu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Celil Alper
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Usluogullari
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. fbalkan21@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fevzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Balkan
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. drsedat@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caner
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. rifkiucler@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rifki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ucler
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. caferk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cafer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. drreyhan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Reyhan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. drbekir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bekir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cakir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014807:Vitamin D; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D