title: The effect of banana (Musa acuminata) peels hot-water extract on the immunity and resistance of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii via dietary administration for a long term: Activity and gene transcription.
abstract: The non-specific immune parameters, disease resistance and immune genes expressions in Macrobrachium rosenbergii were evaluated at 120 days of post feeding the diets containing the extracts of banana, Musa acuminate, fruit's peel (banana peels extract, BPE) at 0, 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 g kg(-1). Results showed that prawns fed with a diet containing BPE at the level of 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 g kg(-1) for 120 days had a significantly higher survival rate (30.0%, 40.0% and 56.7%, respectively) than those fed with the control diet after challenge with Lactococcus garvieae for 144 h, and the respective relative survival percentages were 22.2%, 33.3%, and 51.9%, respectively. Dietary BPE supplementation at 3.0 and/or 6.0 g kg(-1) for 120 days showed a significant increase total haemocyte count (THC), granular cell (GC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, transglutaminase (TG) activity, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to L. garvieae infection, and meanwhile, the significant decrease in haemolymph clotting times and respiratory bursts (RBs) per haemocyte of prawns were revealed. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of prophenoloxidase (proPO), lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), peroxinectin (PE), transglutaminase (TG), and crustin (CT) were significantly increased. We therefore recommend that BPE can be used as an immunomodulator for prawns through dietary administration at 6.0 g kg(-1) for a long term (over 120 days) to modify immune responses and genes expression following the enhanced resistance against pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Wutti
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rattanavichai
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ying-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: changcc@mail.npust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chin-Chyuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: winton@mail.npust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Winton
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D004032:Diet; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D005638:Fruit; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D028521:Musa; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D011503:Transglutaminases
keywords: Banana peels extract; Dietary administration; Disease resistance; Immunity; Macrobrachium rosenbergii