title: Integrating the ICF with positive psychology: Factors predicting role participation for mothers with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Being a mother has become a realizable life role for women with disabilities and chronic illnesses, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Identifying psychosocial factors that facilitate participation in important life roles-including motherhood-is essential to help women have fuller lives despite the challenge of their illness. By integrating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and a positive psychology perspective, this study examined how environmental social factors and positive personal factors contribute to daily role participation and satisfaction with parental participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and 11 community-dwelling mothers with MS completed Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales, the Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey, the Short Form-36, and the Parental Participation Scale. Hierarchical regression analyses examined associations between social support and positive personal factors (environmental mastery, self-acceptance, purpose in life) with daily role participation (physical and emotional) and satisfaction with parental participation. One-way ANOVAs tested synergistic combinations of social support and positive personal factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Social support predicted daily role participation (fewer limitations) and greater satisfaction with parental participation. Positive personal factors contributed additional unique variance. Positive personal factors and social support synergistically predicted better function and greater satisfaction than either alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integrating components of the ICF and positive psychology provides a useful model for understanding how mothers with MS can thrive despite challenge or impairment. Both positive personal factors and environmental social factors were important contributors to positive role functioning. Incorporating these paradigms into treatment may help mothers with MS participate more fully in meaningful life roles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Temple University.
authors.forename: Ruth S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Farber
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Margaret L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Temple University.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brusilovsky
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064702:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000523:psychology*; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult