title: Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability.
abstract: In situ recovery (ISR) is the predominant method of uranium extraction in the United States. During ISR, uranium is leached from an ore body and extracted through ion exchange. The resultant production bleed water (PBW) contains contaminants such as arsenic and other heavy metals. Samples of PBW from an active ISR uranium facility were treated with cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs). CuO-NP treatment of PBW reduced priority contaminants, including arsenic, selenium, uranium, and vanadium. Untreated and CuO-NP treated PBW was used as the liquid component of the cell growth media and changes in viability were determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cells. CuO-NP treatment was associated with improved HEK and HEP cell viability. Limitations of this method include dilution of the PBW by growth media components and during osmolality adjustment as well as necessary pH adjustment. This method is limited in its wider context due to dilution effects and changes in the pH of the PBW which is traditionally slightly acidic however; this method could have a broader use assessing CuO-NP treatment in more neutral waters.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of New Mexico; jschilz@salud.unm.edu.
authors.forename: Jodi R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schilz
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming.
authors.forename: Sreejayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Medicine, Colorado State University.
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Tjalkens
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming.
authors.forename: Kem P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014501:Uranium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014878:Water Pollution, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D014501:Uranium; D003300:Copper; C030973:cupric oxide