title: Risk of premotor symptoms in patients with newly diagnosed PD: a nationwide, population-based, case-control study in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the risk of premotor symptoms, namely rapid eye movement behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, and depression among patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 705 PD patients and 2,820 control subjects were selected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients were traced back for a maximum of 14 years to determine the diagnoses of RBD, depression, and constipation. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk of premotor symptoms for PD. Moreover, subgroup analyses were performed by dividing the patients into a middle-age onset group (≤ 64 years) and an old-age onset group (≥ 65 years). The associations between these premotor symptoms and age of PD onset were further examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An association was found between a history of premotor symptoms and newly diagnosed PD in which a high occurrence of premotor symptoms was identified in PD patients as compared to selected controls (4.3% vs. 1.2% for RBD, 40.4% vs. 24.0% for constipation, and 13.0% vs. 5.1% for depression). The strength of this association remained statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders (3.69 fold risk for RBD, 2.36 for constipation, and 2.82 for depression, all p < 0.0001). The average interval between premotor symptoms and PD ranged from 4.5 to 6.2 years. RBD and depression carried higher risks for PD in the middle-age onset group than in the old-age onset group (7.20- vs. 2.24-fold risk for RBD, 6.06 vs. 1.40 for depression).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of premotor symptoms was higher among the PD patients than in the controls. Premotor symptoms appeared to be associated with a higher risk for PD in subjects with an earlier age of onset.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Heng
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003248:Constipation / Q000150:complications*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D007348:Insurance, Health; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012895:Sleep, REM; D013624:Taiwan