title: Velocity Drives Greater Power Observed During Back Squat Using Cluster Sets.
abstract: This investigation compared the kinetics and kinematics of cluster sets (CLU) and traditional sets (TRD) during back squat in trained (RT) and untrained (UT) men. Twenty-four participants (RT = 12, 25 ± 1 year, 179.1 ± 2.2 cm, 84.6 ± 2.1 kg; UT = 12, 25 ± 1 year, 180.1 ± 1.8 cm, 85.4 ± 3.8 kg) performed TRD (4 × 10, 120-second rest) and CLU (4 × (2 × 5) 30 seconds between clusters; 90 seconds between sets) with 70% one repetition maximum, randomly. Kinematics and kinetics were sampled through force plate and linear position transducers. Resistance-trained produced greater overall force, velocity, and power; however, similar patterns were observed in all variables when comparing conditions. Cluster sets produced significantly greater force in isolated repetitions in sets 1-3, while consistently producing greater force due to a required reduction in load during set 4 resulting in greater total volume load (CLU, 3302.4 ± 102.7 kg; TRD, 3274.8 ± 102.8 kg). Velocity loss was lessened in CLU resulting in significantly higher velocities in sets 2 through 4. Furthermore, higher velocities were produced by CLU during later repetitions of each set. Cluster sets produced greater power output for an increasing number of repetitions in each set (set 1, 5 repetitions; sets 2 and 3, 6 repetitions; set 4, 8 repetitions), and the difference between conditions increased over subsequent sets. Time under tension increased over each set and was greater in TRD. This study demonstrates greater power output is driven by greater velocity when back squatting during CLU; therefore, velocity may be a useful measure by which to assess power.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas; and 2Kinesiology Department, George Mason University, Mississippi, Manassas, Virginia.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kreutzer
authors.forename: Shane C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jenke
authors.forename: Melody D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Joel B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Margaret T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D055070:Resistance Training; D012146:Rest