title: [The changes of microRNA in nasal mucosa after the specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis in mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the changes of microRNAs in nasal mucosa after the specific immunotherapy (SIT) for allergic rhinitis (AR) in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female BALB/c mice, 6-8 weeks of age, were randomly divided into control group, model group and treatment group. AR model were established by intraperitoneal injection and intranasal challenge of ovalbumin and SIT was performed by inguinal subcutaneous injections. AR symptom scores were documented. The eosinophils (EOS) in the nasal mucosa were measured. Ovalbumin-specific IgE (OVA-sIgE) in the serum and expression of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 in the nasal lavage were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay meanwhile the ratio of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 was calculated. The microRNAs in the nasal mucosa were preliminary screened by microRNA gene microarray. Comparing with model group, the Fold changes of microRNA of the treatment group were ≥ 2.0 and the P < 0.05. MicroRNA target genes were predicted with GeneSpring 12.5 software. We took the intersection between genes in the signal pathway which associated with immune response,inflammation and target genes. The MEV-4-6-0 and Cytoscape_v2. 8. 2. software was applied to perform the cluster analysis and target gene regulatory networks maps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model of AR in mice and its SIT were successful. Comparing with the model group, the Fold changes of 15 microRNAs, of which 9 microRNAs were up-regulated and 6 microRNAs were down-regulated, were ≥ 2.0 in treatment group (P < 0.05). Cluste analysis showed clearly that microRNAs in the treatment group and model group respectively aggregated in two branches. The 15 microRNAs had 5302 target genes, of which, 451 genes were related more with SIT by the intersection. One microRNA can regulate many target genes, and one gene can also be affected by many microRNAs. Their synergistic effects may be involved in the mechanism of SIT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expressions of microRNAs are changed in nasal mucosa after SIT for AR in mice and we can speculate that microRNAs are involved in the process of SIT for AR. Bioinformatics methods can diminish the scope of target genes of microRNAs, which will help us studying the effect of changed microRNA on its relative target genes after SIT, and make us better understanding the mechanism of the disease and its SIT.
authors.forename: Zhen'an
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Wanjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qingyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhongsheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010047:Ovalbumin; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin