title: Towards identifying nurse educator competencies required for simulation-based learning: A systemised rapid review and synthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents the results of a systemised rapid review and synthesis of the literature undertaken to identify competencies required by nurse educators to facilitate simulation-based learning (SBL).
  
  
  METHODS
  An international collaboration undertook a protocol-based search, retrieval and critical review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsycInfo, ERIC, the Cochrane Library and Science Direct. The search was limited to articles published in English, 2002-2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  The search terms used: nurse*, learn*, facilitator, simula*, lecturer, competence, skill*, qualificat*, educator, health care, "patient simulation", "nursing education" and "faculty". The search yielded 2156 "hits", following a review of the abstracts, 72 full-text articles were extracted. These were screened against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria and nine articles were retained. Following critical appraisal, the articles were analyzed using an inductive approach to extract statements for categorization and synthesis as competency statements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review confirmed that there was a modest amount of empirical evidence on which to base a competency framework. Those papers that provided descriptions of educator preparation identified simulation-based workshops, or experiential training, as the most common approaches for enhancing skills. SBL was not associated with any one theoretical perspective. Delivery of SBL appeared to demand competencies associated with planning and designing simulations, facilitating learning in "safe" environments, expert nursing knowledge based on credible clinical realism, reference to evidence-based knowledge and demonstration of professional values and identity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review derived a preliminary competency framework. This needs further development as a model for educators delivering SBL as part of nursing curricula.
authors.affiliation: Hamad Medical Corporation, P O Box 3050, Doha Qatar. Electronic address: atopping@hamad.qa.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topping
authors.affiliation: Randers School of Nursing, VIA University College, Randers, Denmark. Electronic address: Ribs@viauc.dk.
authors.forename: Rikke Buus
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bøje
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: Leena.Rekola@metropolia.fi.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rekola
authors.affiliation: Randers School of Nursing, VIA University College, Randers, Denmark. Electronic address: tiha@viauc.dk.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hartvigsen
authors.affiliation: School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK. Electronic address: s.f.prescott@hud.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.affiliation: School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK. Electronic address: a.j.bland@hud.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bland
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia. Electronic address: ahope@uow.edu.au.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hope
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: Paivi.haho@metropolia.fi.
authors.forename: Paivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haho
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: Leena.hannula@metropolia.fi.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hannula
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D005181:Faculty, Nursing / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D000066908:Simulation Training / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Competencies; Comportment; Nurse educators; Rapid appraisal; Simulated-based learning; Synthesis