title: The effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on osmotic fragility of red blood cells and plasma levels of malondialdehyde in patients with breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gamma radiation effects on the erythrocyte membrane from three different functional parts, lipid bilayer, cytoskeleton and protein components. When the red cell membrane is exposed to radiation, it loses its integrity and hemoglobin leaks out. In addition, irradiation leads to lipid peroxidation and the products of this process, leading to hemolysis. The aim of the present study was to measure osmotic fragility (OF) of red blood cells and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of oxidative injury in breast cancer patients treated with radiation and chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The OF test was performed using different concentrations of a salt solution. The measurement of MDA was done with chemical methods.(11) The sampling was taken during three stages of treatment: first sample was taken before starting chemotherapy, the second sample was taken before radiation therapy and the third sample was taken after radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences between levels of MDA in these three stages of treatment were observed. However, the comparison of mean levels of MDA showed an increase after radiotherapy. The OF rate did not show significant difference (P > 0.05) during the stages of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a standard treatment program of radiotherapy and chemotherapy lipid peroxidation level and OF do not significantly increase.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry & Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khoshbin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fahimeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mohamadabadi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vafaeian
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babania
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akbarian
authors.affiliation: Golestan Research of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khandozi
authors.affiliation: Golestan Research of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohamad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sadrebazaz
authors.affiliation: Golestan Research of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatami
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry & Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran ; Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ; Golestan Research of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Joshaghani
keywords: Breast cancer; Malondialdehyde; Osmotic fragility; Red blood cell