title: Comparative evaluation of risk factors, outcome and biomarker levels in young and old acute ischemic stroke patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide accounting for 400-800 strokes per 100,000 individuals each year.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we compared risk factors, clinical outcome, and prognostic biomarkers NSE, S-100 ßß and ITIH4 levels in young and old acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the risk factors and clinical outcomes in young (n = 38) and old (n = 66) AIS patients admitted to tertiary health care centre in Central India. In addition, we also evaluated NSE, S100ββ & ITIH4 levels in admission and discharge samples of young and old AIS patients with different clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertension was a major risk factor in 45% of young and 80% of old AIS patients. Hospital outcome was less favorable in young AIS patients with higher dependent rates of 24% as compared to 12% in old AIS patients. Whereas long term outcome at 12 and 18 months after discharge was more favorable in young AIS patients with low dependency rates of 16% and 11% as compared to 41% and 24% in older AIS patients respectively. Similarly, serum NSE, S100ββ and ITIH4 levels showed a distinct pattern of expression at discharge time in AIS patients with improved and dependent outcome in both the age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young males with hypertension and smoking habits are at a high risk of AIS while old AIS patients are at a greater risk of worse long term outcome. Serum levels of NSE and S100ββ are independent predictors of outcome in AIS patients. Similarly, it also suggests that serum ITIH4 levels could be used as a potential biomarker for predicting the outcome in AIS patients.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;
authors.forename: Anuja P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kawle
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;
authors.forename: Amit R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;
authors.forename: Neha H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Lande
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;
authors.forename: Dinesh P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kabra
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;
authors.forename: Nitin H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chandak
authors.affiliation: MDS Bioanalytics Pvt. Ltd, 88/2, Sakar Enclave, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shweta R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Badar
authors.affiliation: MDS Bioanalytics Pvt. Ltd, 88/2, Sakar Enclave, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Dhananjay V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Raje
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;
authors.forename: Girdhar M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Taori
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;
authors.forename: Hatim F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Daginawala
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;
authors.forename: Rajpal S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kashyap
keywords: ITIH4 protein; Immunoassay; Neurological disorder; Neuron specific enolase; Prognosis