title: Sonographic appearances of the epididymis in boys with acute testicular torsion but preserved testicular blood flow on color Doppler.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little attention has been given to the sonographic appearances of the epididymis in testicular torsion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the position and morphology of the epididymis in childhood acute testicular torsion when testicular flow is present on color Doppler sonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the sonographic findings in boys with clinically and surgically proven acute testicular torsion who were examined sonographically from May 2013 to May 2014 and who had preserved intratesticular flow on color Doppler sonography. We retrospectively evaluated the sonograms with emphasis on the epididymal findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all nine boys with confirmed torsion but with preserved intratesticular flow on color Doppler sonography, the epididymal head had an unexpected configuration and size, and no close relationship with the upper pole of the testis. In five of these children the spermatic cord appeared twisted on the affected side. In the remaining four boys the spermatic cord appeared straight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The position and morphology of the head of the epididymis were abnormal in all boys with acute testicular torsion but with preserved testicular flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Thivon & Papadiamantopoulou, Goudi, 115 27, Athens, Greece. galviv@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galina
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Thivon & Papadiamantopoulou, Goudi, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dermentzoglou
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baltogiannis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Thivon & Papadiamantopoulou, Goudi, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarifi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002648:Child; D004822:Epididymis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Child; Color Doppler sonography; Epididymis; Spermatic cord; Testicular torsion; Ultrasound