title: Exposure to Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil Burnoff Particulate Matter Induces Pulmonary Inflammation and Alters Adaptive Immune Response.
abstract: The ″in situ burning" of trapped crude oil on the surface of Gulf waters during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill released numerous pollutants, including combustion-generated particulate matter (PM). Limited information is available on the respiratory impact of inhaled in situ burned oil sail particulate matter (OSPM). Here we utilized PM collected from in situ burn plumes of the DWH oil spill to study the acute effects of exposure to OSPM on pulmonary health. OSPM caused dose-and time-dependent cytotoxicity and generated reactive oxygen species and superoxide radicals in vitro. Additionally, mice exposed to OSPM exhibited significant decreases in body weight gain, systemic oxidative stress in the form of increased serum 8-isoprostane (8-IP) levels, and airway inflammation in the form of increased macrophages and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Further, in a mouse model of allergic asthma, OSPM caused increased T helper 2 cells (Th2), peribronchiolar inflammation, and increased airway mucus production. These findings demonstrate that acute exposure to OSPM results in pulmonary inflammation and alteration of innate/adaptive immune responses in mice and highlight potential respiratory effects associated with cleaning up an oil spill.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States.|⊥Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States.
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaligama
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States.
authors.forename: Zaili
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States.|⊥Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States.
authors.forename: Jordy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saravia
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States.|⊥Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States.
authors.forename: Nikki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: §Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States.
authors.forename: Slawomir M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lomnicki
authors.affiliation: ∥Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803.
authors.forename: Tammy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Dugas
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States.|⊥Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States.
authors.forename: Stephania A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cormier
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D010578:Petroleum; D013481:Superoxides; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost