title: Do induced twin pregnancies influence the obstetric and neonatal results of multiple births born before 32 weeks? Comparison to spontaneous gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare obstetric outcomes of induced preterm twin births (under 32 weeks gestation) with those spontaneously conceived.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of twin pregnancies (25 induced and 157 spontaneously conceived) developed over a period of 16 years in a tertiary obstetric center. Demographic factors, obstetric complications, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, birth weight and immediate newborn outcome were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of obstetrical complications concerning urinary or other infections, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, fetal malformations, intrauterine fetal death, intrauterine growth restriction and intrauterine discordant growth reveal no significant statistical differences between the two groups. First trimester bleeding was higher in the induced group (24 versus 8.3%, p=0.029). The cesarean delivery rate was 52.2% in spontaneous gestations and 64% in induced gestations. Gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar scores at first and fifth minutes, admissions to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and puerperal complications show no statistically significant differences between the two groups. These results were independent of chorionicity and induction method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mode of conception did not influence obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Although induced pregnancies have higher risk of first trimester bleeding, significant differences were not observed regarding other obstetric and puerperal complications and neonatal results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sofia Raposo
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dinis
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Patrícia
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.affiliation: aff2, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Couto
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Etelvina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moura
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009099:Multiple Birth Offspring; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin; D011446:Prospective Studies; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects