title: Effect of stress inoculation training on the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression in cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer is a broad group (over 270 types) of diseases. This disease, like other chronic diseases, occurs in all ages and ethnic groups, and is considered as a major health problem. Stress is one of the most important psychological factors influencing the occurrence of physical diseases, and can lead to severe anxiety, depression, and negative effects on health. It can also make individuals vulnerable to physical diseases, and in the long term, leads to death. This study was conducted to determine the effect of inoculation training on stress, anxiety, and depression in cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in 2013 as a clinical trial with convenient random sampling of patients from the chemotherapy clinic of Seyed Al-Shohada hospital of Isfahan. Forty patients with cancer who were eligible for the study were randomly assigned to either case or control group. The case and control groups had the same treatment plans, and the only difference was stress inoculation training administered in the case group, which was composed of eight 90-min sessions over 8 weeks. Data were collected using Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales 42 (DASS-42) questionnaire and demographic questionnaire, and analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and t-test in SPSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that there was a significant difference between case and control groups in terms of stress, anxiety, and depression (P < 0.001). Stress inoculation training reduced stress, anxiety, and depression in cancer patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress inoculation training significantly reduced stress, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, teaching this skill and the strategies of coping with stress is recommended for these patients, in addition to medicational treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nurse Office in Deputy of Treatment Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fahimeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kashani
authors.affiliation: Master of Business Management, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kashani
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing Group, Najafabad, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moghimian
authors.affiliation: Medical Education Development Center, Student's Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shakour
keywords: Anxiety; Iran; cancer; depression; inoculation training; nursing; stress