title: Epidemioclinical Feature of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer at-Risk for Lynch Syndrome in Central Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is becoming one of the most complicated challenges of human health, particularly in developing countries like Iran. In this paper, we try to characterize CRC cases diagnosed < age 50 at-risk for Lynch syndrome within central Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed a descriptive retrospective study to screen all registered CRC patients within 2000-2013 in Poursina Hakim Research Center (PHRC), a referral gastroenterology clinic in central Iran, based on being early-onset (age at diagnosis ≤50 years) and Amsterdam II criteria. We calculated frequencies and percentages by SPSS 19 software to describe clinical and family history characteristics of patients with early-onset CRC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 1,659 CRC patients were included in our study of which 413 (24.9%) were ≤50 years at diagnosis. Of 219/413 successful calls 67 persons (30.6%) were reported deceased. Family history was positive for 72/219 probands (32.9%) and 53 families (24.2%) were identified as familial colorectal cancer (FCC), with a history of at-least three affected members with any type of cancer in the family, of which 85% fulfilled the Amsterdam II Criteria as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families (45/219 or 20.5%). Finally, 14 families were excluded due to proband tumor tissues being unavailable or unwillingness for incorporation. The most common HNPCC-associated extracolonic- cancer among both males and females of the families was stomach, at respectively 31.8 and 32.7 percent. The most common tumor locations among the 31 probands were rectum (32.3%), sigmoid (29.0%), and ascending colon (12.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the high prevalence of FCC (~1/4 of early-onset Iranian CRC patients), it is necessary to establish a comprehensive cancer genetic counseling and systematic screening program for early detection and to improve cancer prognosis among high risk families.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran E-mail : m.zeinalian@eccc.ir.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeinalian
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Akbarpour
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Emami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult