title: OsARID3, an AT-rich Interaction Domain-containing protein, is required for shoot meristem development in rice.
abstract: The shoot apical meristem (SAM) produces all of the plant's aerial organs. The SAM is established either during embryogenesis or experimentally in in vitro tissue culture. Although several factors including the Class I KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOXI) proteins, auxin, and cytokinin are known to play essential roles in SAM development, the underlying mechanisms of SAM formation and maintenance are still largely not understood. Herein we demonstrate that OsARID3, a member of the rice (Oryza sativa) AT-rich Interaction Domain (ARID) family, is required for SAM development. Disruption of OsARID3 leads to a defective SAM, early seedling lethality, and impaired capacity of in vitro shoot regeneration. We show that the expression levels of several KNOXI genes and the biosynthetic genes for auxin and cytokinin are significantly altered in the Osarid3 mutant calli. Moreover, we determine that auxin concentrations are increased, whereas cytokinin levels are decreased, in Osarid3 calli. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation results demonstrate that OsARID3 binds directly to the KNOXI gene OSH71, the auxin biosynthetic genes OsYUC1 and OsYUC6, and the cytokinin biosynthetic genes OsIPT2 and OsIPT7. We also show through electrophoretic mobility shift assays that OsARID3 specifically binds to the AT-rich DNA sequences of the identified target genes. We conclude that OsARID3 is an AT-rich specific DNA-binding protein and that it plays a major role in SAM development in rice.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jialing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xianghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.|Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA.
authors.forename: Yunde
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Lizhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics; D018519:Meristem / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C405985:Knox1 protein, plant; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: AT-rich Interaction Domain; KNOXI; Oryza sativa; YUC; auxin; cytokinin; isopentenyltransferase; shoot meristem; shoot regeneration