title: Propolis and swimming in the prevention of atherogenesis and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypercholesterolemic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study verified the effect of propolis alone and its association with swimming in dyslipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy and atherogenesis of hypercholesterolemic mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experiments were performed in LDLr-/- mice, fed with high fat diet for 75 days, and were divided into four experimental groups (n=10): HL, sedentary, subjected to aquatic stress (5 min per day, 5 times per week); NAT submitted to a swimming protocol (1 hour per day, 5 times per week) from the 16th day of the experiment; PRO, sedentary, submitted to aquatic stress and which received oral propolis extract (70 uL/animal/day) from the 16th day of the experiment; HL+NAT+PRO, submitted to swimming and which received propolis as described above. After 75 days, blood was collected for analysis of serum lipids. The ratio between the ventricular weight (mg) and the animal weight (g) was calculated. Histological sections of the heart and aorta were processed immunohistochemically with anti-CD40L antibodies to evaluate the inflammatory process; stained with hematoxylin/eosin and picrosirius red to assess morphological and morphometric alterations. The HL animals showed severe dyslipidemia, atherogenesis and left ventricular hypertrophy, associated with a decrease in serum HDLc levels and subsequent development of cardiovascular inflammatory process, characterized by increased expression of CD40L in the left ventricle and aorta. Swimming and propolis alone and\or associated prevented the LVH, atherogenesis and arterial and ventricular inflammation, decreasing the CD40L expression and increasing the HDLc plasmatic levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propolis alone or associated with a regular physical activity is beneficial in cardiovascular protection through anti-inflammatory action.
authors.affiliation: Programa de mestrado em Ciência Animal, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de mestrado em Ciência Animal, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Programa de mestrado em Ciência Animal, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de mestrado em Ciência Animal, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: L R B
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.affiliation: Programa de mestrado em Ciência Animal, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Programa de mestrado em Ciência Animal, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: J G D C
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ramalho
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal Sul de Minas Gerais, Muzambinho, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: M F G
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Boriollo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal Sul de Minas Gerais, Machado, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: J A D
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011429:Propolis / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D011429:Propolis