title: The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm is consistently high among patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emerging evidence suggests high prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) among patients with coronary disease. Accurate characterization of the association between coronary disease and AAA and of the actual prevalence of AAA among patients with angiography-verified coronary artery disease (CAD) is needed to evaluate the possible benefits of systematic screening for AAA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched for studies that reported the association between AAA and CAD or coronary heart disease (CHD; wider phenotype definition) in the general population (randomized controlled trials, prospective population cohorts) and those that reported the prevalence of AAA among patients with angiography-verified CAD through PubMed, Embase, and reference lists for the period between 1980 and 2014. Random-effects models were applied because of the high heterogeneity between included studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the general population, 23 studies reported the association between CHD and the occurrence of subclinical AAA (positive ultrasound screening; meta-analyzed odds ratio of 2.38 with 95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.78-3.19; P = 4.1 × 10(-9)). According to four prospective studies, CHD is a strong predictor of future AAA events (fatal and nonfatal; meta-analyzed hazard ratio of 3.49 with 95% CI of 2.56-4.76; P = 2.4 × 10(-15)). Altogether, 10 studies reported the prevalence of AAA among patients with angiography-verified CAD or undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Among men, meta-analyzed prevalence was 9.5% (95% CI, 7.6%-11.7%). Among men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or with three-vessel disease, the prevalence was 11.4% (95% CI, 9.1%-13.9%). Among women, the prevalence was low (0.35%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of subclinical AAA and future AAA events is high among patients with coronary disease. Screening for AAA among CAD patients by cardiologists would be easy and inexpensive, with possible benefits to survival and risk evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland. Electronic address: jussi.hernesniemi@uta.fi.
authors.forename: Jussi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hernesniemi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vänni
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tapio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hakala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult