title: Leptin and metabolic syndrome in patients with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether patients with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) have components of metabolic syndrome (MetSy) and to evaluate whether leptin is associated with components of MetSy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 78 patients (nine, <6 years of age; 54, 6 to <16 years of age; and 15 patients, ≥16 years of age). Obesity and body fat mass were determined by waist circumference and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. A 12-h fasting blood sample was collected in the morning. Patients were categorized into four groups according to the number of criteria for MetSy: group 0: none; group 1: one; group 2: two and group 3: three or more criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All age groups showed components of MetSy. The concentration of these components was significantly higher in patients ≥16 years old. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was from ~37% to 46% in all age groups. The prevalence of MetSy was 7.1% for patients from 6 to <16 years of age and 24% for patients ≥16 years of age. Serum leptin levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) with age; the highest (13.43 ± 9.4 ng/ml) value was observed in patients >16 years of age. Total leptin was correlated with the number of patients with MetSy (r = 0.383; P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Components of MetSy are significant in patients with DMD/BMD. A high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was observed. Younger patients with DMD/BMD have risk factors for MetSy. Although leptin increased according to different degrees of MetSy, this relation disappeared when the body fat was corrected by leptin; therefore, the association could be caused by a common risk factor-fat.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Cruz-Guzmán
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Electrodiagnóstico y Distrofia Muscular, Instituto Nacional de la Rehabilitación, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Alarcón
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin
keywords: duchenne; hypertriglyceridemia; leptin; metabolic syndrome; obesity