title: Interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with glucose on young rats after oral administration.
abstract: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have a broad application prospect in replace with TiO2 used as a food additive, especially used in sweets. Understanding the interaction of TiO2 NPs with sugar is meaningful for health promotion. We used a young animal model to study the toxicological effect of orally administrated TiO2 NPs at doses of 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg per day with or without daily consumption of 1.8 g/kg glucose for 30 days and 90 days. The results showed that oral exposure to TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs+glucose both induced liver, kidney, and heart injuries as well as changes in the count of white and red blood cells in a dose, time and gender-dependent manner. The toxicological interactions between orally-administrated TiO2 NPs and glucose were evident, but differed among target organs. These results suggest that it is necessary to limit dietary co-exposure to TiO2 NPs and sugar.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nanotechnology has gained entrance in the food industry, with the presence of nanoparticles now in many food items. Despite this increasing trend, the potential toxic effects of these nanoparticles to human remain unknown. In this article, the authors studied titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), which are commonly used as food additive, together with glucose. The findings of possible adverse effects on liver, kidney, and heart might point to a rethink of using glucose and TiO2 NPs combination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhangjian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: wangyun@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenxiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: jiaguangjia@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Antagonistic effect; Combined toxic effects; Glucose; Interaction; Titanium dioxide nanoparticles