title: Use of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound to Study Relationship between Serum Uric Acid and Renal Microvascular Perfusion in Diabetic Kidney Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between uric acid and renal microvascular perfusion in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) method.
  
  
  METHODS
  79 DKD patients and 26 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Renal function and urine protein markers were tested. DKD patients were subdivided into two groups including a normal serum uric acid (SUA) group and a high SUA group. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed, and low acoustic power contrast-specific imaging was used for quantitative analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal controls (NCs) had the highest levels of AUC, AUC1, and AUC2. Compared to the normal SUA DKD group, high SUA DKD patients had significantly higher IMAX, AUC, and AUC1 (P < 0.05). DKD patients with low urinary uric acid (UUA) excretion had significantly higher AUC2 compared to DKD patients with normal UUA (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperuricemia in DKD patients was associated with a renal ultrasound image suggestive of microvascular hyperperfusion. The CEUS parameter AUC1 holds promise as an indicator for renal microvascular hyperperfusion, while AUC2 might be a useful indicator of declining glomerular filtration rate in DKD patients with decreased excretion of uric acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Fen
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Le-Hang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5685-1280
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
authors.forename: Tian-Fu
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Xiong
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8158-2265
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchangzhong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014527:Uric Acid