title: ApoE4 Determines the Reduction in LDL-C After GH Replacement Therapy in Children With an Idiopathic GH Deficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  GH activates the expression of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, leading to decreased LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 carriers suppress LDL receptor expression, rendering high LDL-C concentrations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether GH-deficient children carrying apoE4 exhibited a greater reduction in LDL-C after GH replacement therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined lipoprotein profiles after 0, 4, and 12 months of GH treatment in children with an idiopathic GH deficiency. We compared the effects of GH treatment on LDL-C by apoE phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 66 children with idiopathic GH deficiency and 89 healthy children were classified into subgroups according to apoE phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention included GH replacement therapy for 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationship between apoE phenotype and reduced LDL-C induced by GH treatment was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of LDL-C and apoB were highest in the apoE4/3 group (n = 13), second highest in the apoE3/3 group (n = 46), and lowest in the apoE3/2 group (n = 7), whereas apoE concentrations were highest in the apoE3/2 group and lowest in the apoE4/3 group. The apoE4/3 group had significantly reduced LDL-C and apoB concentrations at months 4 and 12, whereas the apoE3/3 and apoE3/2 groups showed no changes. LDL-C concentrations did not differ among the three groups after 12 months. The trend in apoE concentration did not change among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with a GH deficiency carrying apoE4 had higher baseline LDL-C concentrations and experienced a greater reduction in LDL-C after GH replacement therapy than those without apoE4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (H.N., M.T., M.N.), Takarazuka City Hospital, Hyogo 665-0827, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine (S.H., T.M.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Nara Hospital, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Nara 630-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (H.N., M.T., M.N.), Takarazuka City Hospital, Hyogo 665-0827, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine (S.H., T.M.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Nara Hospital, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Nara 630-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (H.N., M.T., M.N.), Takarazuka City Hospital, Hyogo 665-0827, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine (S.H., T.M.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Nara Hospital, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Nara 630-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takuwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (H.N., M.T., M.N.), Takarazuka City Hospital, Hyogo 665-0827, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine (S.H., T.M.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Nara Hospital, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Nara 630-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakacho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (H.N., M.T., M.N.), Takarazuka City Hospital, Hyogo 665-0827, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine (S.H., T.M.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Nara Hospital, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Nara 630-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yorifuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (H.N., M.T., M.N.), Takarazuka City Hospital, Hyogo 665-0827, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine (S.H., T.M.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Nara Hospital, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Nara 630-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (H.N., M.T., M.N.), Takarazuka City Hospital, Hyogo 665-0827, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine (S.H., T.M.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.Y.), Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics (H.K.), Nara Hospital, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Nara 630-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miida
mesh_terms: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019382:Human Growth Hormone