title: QUANTIFYING THE MOTION OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES IN EXCISED TISSUE: EFFECT OF PARTICLE PROPERTIES AND APPLIED MAGNETIC FIELD.
abstract: This article presents a method to investigate how magnetic particle characteristics affect their motion inside tissues under the influence of an applied magnetic field. Particles are placed on top of freshly excised tissue samples, a calibrated magnetic field is applied by a magnet underneath each tissue sample, and we image and quantify particle penetration depth by quantitative metrics to assess how particle sizes, their surface coatings, and tissue resistance affect particle motion. Using this method, we tested available fluorescent particles from Chemicell of four sizes (100 nm, 300 nm, 500 nm, and 1 µm diameter) with four different coatings (starch, chitosan, lipid, PEG/P) and quantified their motion through freshly excised rat liver, kidney, and brain tissues. In broad terms, we found that the applied magnetic field moved chitosan particles most effectively through all three tissue types (as compared to starch, lipid, and PEG/P coated particles). However, the relationship between particle properties and their resulting motion was found to be complex. Hence, it will likely require substantial further study to elucidate the nuances of transport mechanisms and to select and engineer optimal particle properties to enable the most effective transport through various tissue types under applied magnetic fields.
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College Park, MD 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Sandip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College Park, MD 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Bharath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College Park, MD 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College Park, MD 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Sruthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangapuram
authors.affiliation: Weinberg Medical Physics, LLC.
authors.forename: Alek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nacev
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland at College Park, MD 20742, United States ; Otomagnetics, LLC.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Depireux
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College Park, MD 20742, United States ; Otomagnetics, LLC.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimoji
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland at College Park, MD 20742, United States ; The Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland at College Park, MD 20742, United States ; Otomagnetics, LLC.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shapiro