title: Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes differ from lean and healthy individuals in their abundance of certain gut microbial species and microbial gene richness. Abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading bacterium, has been inversely associated with body fat mass and glucose intolerance in mice, but more evidence is needed in humans. The impact of diet and weight loss on this bacterial species is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the association between faecal A. muciniphila abundance, faecal microbiome gene richness, diet, host characteristics, and their changes after calorie restriction (CR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention consisted of a 6-week CR period followed by a 6-week weight stabilisation diet in overweight and obese adults (N=49, including 41 women). Faecal A. muciniphila abundance, faecal microbial gene richness, diet and bioclinical parameters were measured at baseline and after CR and weight stabilisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline A. muciniphila was inversely related to fasting glucose, waist-to-hip ratio and subcutaneous adipocyte diameter. Subjects with higher gene richness and A. muciniphila abundance exhibited the healthiest metabolic status, particularly in fasting plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides and body fat distribution. Individuals with higher baseline A. muciniphila displayed greater improvement in insulin sensitivity markers and other clinical parameters after CR. These participants also experienced a reduction in A. muciniphila abundance, but it remained significantly higher than in individuals with lower baseline abundance. A. muciniphila was associated with microbial species known to be related to health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A. muciniphila is associated with a healthier metabolic status and better clinical outcomes after CR in overweight/obese adults. The interaction between gut microbiota ecology and A. muciniphila warrants further investigation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01314690.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Maria Carlota
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: Université Catholique de Louvain, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Everard
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aron-Wisnewsky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nataliya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sokolovska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Edi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prifti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Verger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Brandon D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.affiliation: INRA, US1367 MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, France AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levenez
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chilloux
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoyles
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Marc-Emmanuel
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dumas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Salwa W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Rizkalla
authors.affiliation: INRA, US1367 MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, France AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doré
authors.affiliation: Université Catholique de Louvain, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrice D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Cani
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clément
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D061327:Verrucomicrobia / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: GLUCOSE METABOLISM; INTESTINAL BACTERIA; OBESITY