title: Tenax extraction as a simple approach to improve environmental risk assessments.
abstract: It is well documented that using exhaustive chemical extractions is not an effective means of assessing exposure of hydrophobic organic compounds in sediments and that bioavailability-based techniques are an improvement over traditional methods. One technique that has shown special promise as a method for assessing the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds in sediment is the use of Tenax-extractable concentrations. A 6-h or 24-h single-point Tenax-extractable concentration correlates to both bioaccumulation and toxicity. This method has demonstrated effectiveness for several hydrophobic organic compounds in various organisms under both field and laboratory conditions. In addition, a Tenax bioaccumulation model was developed for multiple compounds relating 24-h Tenax-extractable concentrations to oligochaete tissue concentrations exposed in both the laboratory and field. This model has demonstrated predictive capacity for additional compounds and species. Use of Tenax-extractable concentrations to estimate exposure is rapid, simple, straightforward, and relatively inexpensive, as well as accurate. Therefore, this method would be an invaluable tool if implemented in risk assessments.
authors.affiliation: Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.affiliation: Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nutile
authors.affiliation: Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Landrum
authors.affiliation: Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lydy
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011108:Polymers; D011722:Pyrethrins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C010514:tenax; C099952:bifenthrin
keywords: Bioavailability; Bioavailability model; Environmental risk assessment; Sediment; Tenax extraction