title: Local and regional chromatin silencing in Candida glabrata: consequences for adhesion and the response to stress.
abstract: Candida glabrata is a fungal pathogen frequently found as a commensal in humans. To colonize and disseminate successfully in the mammalian host, C. glabrata must detect signals within the host and reprogram gene expression to respond appropriately to hostile environmental conditions. One of the layers of regulation of expression of many virulence-related genes (adhesin-encoding genes, genes involved in response to oxidative stress and xenobiotics) is achieved through epigenetic mechanisms. Local and regional silencing is mediated by the activity of two NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylases, Hst1 and Sir2, respectively, repressing many virulence genes. Hst1 and Sir2 interact with different repressor complexes to achieve regional or local silencing. Sir2 can associate with Sir4, which is then recruited to the telomere by Rap1 and yKu. Deacetylation of the histone tails creates high affinity binding sites for new molecules of the Sir complex, thereby spreading the silent domain over >20 kb. Many of the adhesin-encoding EPA genes are subject to this regulation. Hst1 in turn associates with the Sum1-Rfm1 complex. Sum1 is a DNA-binding protein, which recognizes specific sites at individual promoters, recruiting Hst1 to specific genes involved in the response to oxidative stress and xenobiotics, which results in their repression.
authors.affiliation: IPICYT-Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, AC, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78216, México.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Las Peñas
authors.affiliation: IPICYT-Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, AC, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78216, México.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juárez-Cepeda
authors.affiliation: IPICYT-Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, AC, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78216, México.
authors.forename: Eunice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López-Fuentes
authors.affiliation: IPICYT-Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, AC, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78216, México.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Briones-Martín-Del-Campo
authors.affiliation: IPICYT-Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, AC, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78216, México.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Escobedo
authors.affiliation: IPICYT-Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, AC, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78216, México icastano@ipicyt.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castaño
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
keywords: Hst1; Sir2; Sirtuins; subtelomeric region; telomeres