title: Facilitating employment opportunities for adults with intellectual and developmental disability through parents and social networks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  People with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) have historically had high unemployment and underemployment rates and continue to face significant barriers to attaining and sustaining employment. The purpose of this research, conducted in Ontario, Canada was to better understand the experiences of people with IDD gaining and keeping productivity roles.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used qualitative semi-structured interviews with 74 participants with IDD and their families or caregivers as proxies regarding the employment of a person with IDD. We selected a sample of persons from three different geographic regions in Ontario, Canada, and analyzed data through coding methods consistent with a grounded theory approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrate the importance of parents and other members of social and family networks relative to connecting with work options and sustaining work over time, especially through continued advocacy and investment. Parents helped individuals with IDD negotiate the right job fit, though they often encountered challenges as a result of their efforts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Practitioners must understand how to support parents to be effective advocates for their adult children with IDD, assist them to develop and maintain their social networks and help them to avoid caregiver burnout. Implications for Rehabilitation People with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) face numerous challenges in indentifying work options and overcoming barriers to employment. Parents and other non-paid support members of social networks can be instrumental in ensuring that persons with IDD not only secure initial job placements, but also sustain employment and employment alternatives. Professionals that support persons with IDD can direct their efforts to helping persons with IDD develop strong social connections, as well as helping parents to prevent burnout.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Health and Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Jami
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petner-Arrey
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychology , and.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howell-Moneta
authors.affiliation: c Department of Rehabilitation Therapy , Queens University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lysaght
keywords: Developmental disability; employment; intellectual disability; parents; social inclusion; social networks