title: How to avoid fluid overload.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review highlights the recent evidence describing the outcomes associated with fluid overload in critically ill patients and provides an overview of fluid management strategies aimed at preventing fluid overload during the resuscitation of patients with shock.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluid overload is a common complication of fluid resuscitation and is associated with increased hospital costs, morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluid management goals differ during the resuscitation, optimization, stabilization and evacuation phases of fluid resuscitation. To prevent fluid overload, strategies that reduce excessive fluid infusions and emphasize the removal of accumulated fluids should be implemented.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University bGrady Health System cEmory Critical Care Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Ogbonna C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Ogbu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Greg S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D012151:Resuscitation; D012769:Shock / Q000628:therapy*; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000517:prevention & control*