title: Efficacy of Grass Pollen Allergen Sublingual Immunotherapy Tablets for Seasonal Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SARC) have shown a modest clinical benefit compared with placebo. Furthermore, indirect comparison by meta-analyses showed that subcutaneous immunotherapy is more effective than SLIT. Despite these data, SLIT has become the most prescribed treatment of SARC in Europe in recent years, and it was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of SARC to grass pollen in the United States on April 1, 2014.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of the grass pollen sublingual tablets licensed as drugs in the treatment of patients with SARC to grass pollen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerized bibliographic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov (from inception to April 30, 2014) were supplemented with a manual search of reference lists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized clinical trials were included if they compared the grass pollen SLIT tablets approved by regulatory authorities in the European Union and the United States for SARC with placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on populations, interventions, and outcomes were extracted from each RCT according to the intent-to-treat method by 2 independent observers and were combined using the method by DerSimonian and Laird.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary end point was the difference in the symptom score and medication score between SLIT and placebo. We pooled data using random-effects meta-analysis, with standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were available in 13 RCTs for the symptom score (4659 patients) and in 12 RCTs for the medication score (4558 patients). We found a small treatment benefit in the symptom score (SMD, -0.28; 95% CI, -0.37 to -0.19; P < .001) and in the medication score (SMD, -0.24; 95% CI, -0.31 to -0.17; P < .001). Adverse events were reported in 1384 of 2259 patients (61.3%) receiving SLIT and in 477 of 2279 patients (20.9%) receiving placebo. Seven patients in the SLIT group reported treatment-related adverse events requiring epinephrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings show a small benefit of the grass pollen sublingual tablets in reducing symptoms and in decreasing the use of symptomatic medication (antihistamines and corticosteroids) in patients with SARC. Considering the low magnitude of the benefit, the convenience and easy administration do not seem to be sufficient reasons for the choice of SLIT.
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Bona
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plaia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento BioMedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Stefania
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Leto-Barone
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento BioMedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: La Piana
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento BioMedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D063729:Sublingual Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D010936:Plant Extracts; C587552:Sweet Vernal, orchard, Perennial Rye, Timothy and Kentucky Blue Grass Mixed Pollens Allergen Extract