title: Imaging of the Paranasal Sinuses: Mitigation, Identification, and Workup of Functional Endoscopic Surgery Complications.
abstract: The purpose of this article is to identify and define the appropriate imaging techniques in the evaluation of post-functional endoscopic surgery (FESS) complications. Although most complications encountered during FESS are identified readily during surgery, some are less conspicuous and require postoperative imaging. As illustrated in this article, these include cerebrospinal fluid leak, vascular injury, brain injury, orbital injury, and infectious complications of the brain and meninges. Some of the common anatomic variants of the paranasal sinuses are identified, and how these may predispose to surgical complications is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiologic Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 601 North Caroline Street, Room 4210, Baltimore, MD 21287-0006, USA. Electronic address: salvatore.labruzzo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Salvatore V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Labruzzo
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiologic Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 601 North Caroline Street, Room 4210, Baltimore, MD 21287-0006, USA.
authors.forename: Nafi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aygun
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiologic Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 601 North Caroline Street, Room 4210, Baltimore, MD 21287-0006, USA.
authors.forename: S James
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zinreich
mesh_terms: D065634:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: CT; Complications; Computed tomography; FESS; Functional surgery; Paranasal sinus; Sinuses