title: Refining Trait Resilience: Identifying Engineering, Ecological, and Adaptive Facets from Extant Measures of Resilience.
abstract: The current paper presents a new measure of trait resilience derived from three common mechanisms identified in ecological theory: Engineering, Ecological and Adaptive (EEA) resilience. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of five existing resilience scales suggest that the three trait resilience facets emerge, and can be reduced to a 12-item scale. The conceptualization and value of EEA resilience within the wider trait and well-being psychology is illustrated in terms of differing relationships with adaptive expressions of the traits of the five-factor personality model and the contribution to well-being after controlling for personality and coping, or over time. The current findings suggest that EEA resilience is a useful and parsimonious model and measure of trait resilience that can readily be placed within wider trait psychology and that is found to contribute to individual well-being.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Biological Sciences, and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maltby
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Liz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult