title: The investigation of solid slag obtained by neutralization of sewage sludge.
abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing the slag collected after gasification of organic fuel combined with sewage sludge. The residue left after gasification process is likely usable as raw material for production of supercondensers. The sewage sludge neutralization system consists of a dosing system (fuel tank), gasifier, plasma reactor, electrostatic filter, and heat exchangers. For the gasification process, dried solid sewage is supplied in proportion of 70% to biomass 30% by weight. The slag is collected in a specially designed chamber beneath the gasifier. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate surface morphology of the samples. Elemental analysis of the sewage sludge slag was performed using the energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) method, which showed different solid-state elements contained in the porous structure of the solid phase: carbon 29%, aluminum 26%, potassium 20%, chlorine 1%, and others. The specific surface area of the sewage sludge slag is 6.15 m(2)/g as the BET analysis shows. In order to use the slag as a secondary raw material, detailed analysis of the structure and properties is necessary for a decision on whether the slag left after gasification of sewage sludge is suitable for any further usages. Initial results indicate that the slag may be used for production of electrodes for supercapacitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Every year thousands of tons of sewage sludge are formed in Lithuania. Sewage sludge consists of organic and inorganic compounds. Partial combustion, plasma decomposition, and other methods are used to neutralize the sewage sludge. The incineration of sewage sludge results in generation of solid-phase slag. In this paper the material structure and composition of a solid slag (formed during neutralization of sewage sludge) is considered. Also, the impact the ambient temperature on structure and composition of solid slag is analyzed.
authors.affiliation: a Lithuanian Energy Institute , Kaunas , Lithuania.
authors.forename: Zydrunas
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kavaliauskas
authors.affiliation: a Lithuanian Energy Institute , Kaunas , Lithuania.
authors.forename: Vitas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valincius
authors.affiliation: a Lithuanian Energy Institute , Kaunas , Lithuania.
authors.forename: Giedrius
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stravinskas
authors.affiliation: a Lithuanian Energy Institute , Kaunas , Lithuania.
authors.forename: Mindaugas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milieska
authors.affiliation: a Lithuanian Energy Institute , Kaunas , Lithuania.
authors.forename: Nerijus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Striugas
mesh_terms: D017745:Incineration / Q000379:methods*; D008097:Lithuania; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D062611:Solid Waste