title: Effectiveness and feasibility of methanol extracted latex of Calotropis procera as larvicide against dengue vectors of western Rajasthan, India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identification of novel effective larvicide from natural resources is essential to combat developing resistances, environmental concerns, residue problems and high cost of synthetic insecticides. Results of earlier laboratory findings have shown that Calotropis procera extracts showed larvicidal, ovicidal and refractory properties towards ovipositioning of dengue vectors; further, latex extracted with methanol was found to be more effective compared to crude latex. For testing efficacy and feasibility of extracted latex in field, the present study was undertaken in different settings of Jodhpur City, India against dengue vectors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study areas were selected based on surveillance design for the control of dengue vectors. During the study period domestic and peri-domestic breeding containers were treated with methanol extracted latex and mortality was observed after 24 h as per WHO guidelines. Latex was manually collected from internodes of Calotropis procera and extracted using methanol (AR) grade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methanol extracted latex of C. procera was found effective and feasible larvicide against dengue vectors in the field conditions. Cement tanks, clay pots and coolers (breeding sites) were observed as key containers for the control of dengue transmission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Today environmental safety is considered to be very important. Herbal composition prepared by the extraction of latex of C. procera can be used as an alternative approach for the control of dengue vectors. This will reduce the dependence on expensive products and stimulate local efforts to enhance the public involvement.
authors.affiliation: Desert Medicine Research Centre (ICMR), Jodhpur, India.
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singhi
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Purohit
authors.forename: Sushmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D031107:Calotropis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002947:Cities; D003715:Dengue / Q000635:transmission*; D007194:India; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007840:Latex / Q000737:chemistry*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D007840:Latex; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000432:Methanol