title: Anatomical Reproducibility of a Head Model Molded by a Three-dimensional Printer.
abstract: We prepared rapid prototyping models of heads with unruptured cerebral aneurysm based on image data of computed tomography angiography (CTA) using a three-dimensional (3D) printer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anatomical reproducibility and accuracy of these models by comparison with the CTA images on a monitor. The subjects were 22 patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysm who underwent preoperative CTA. Reproducibility of the microsurgical anatomy of skull bone and arteries, the length and thickness of the main arteries, and the size of cerebral aneurysm were compared between the CTA image and rapid prototyping model. The microsurgical anatomy and arteries were favorably reproduced, apart from a few minute regions, in the rapid prototyping models. No significant difference was noted in the measured lengths of the main arteries between the CTA image and rapid prototyping model, but errors were noted in their thickness (p < 0.001). A significant difference was also noted in the longitudinal diameter of the cerebral aneurysm (p < 0.01). Regarding the CTA image as the gold standard, reproducibility of the microsurgical anatomy of skull bone and main arteries was favorable in the rapid prototyping models prepared using a 3D printer. It was concluded that these models are useful tools for neurosurgical simulation. The thickness of the main arteries and size of cerebral aneurysm should be comprehensively judged including other neuroimaging in consideration of errors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery (Omori), School of Medicine, Toho University.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okonogi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugo
authors.forename: Chikao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D015203:Reproducibility of Results