title: Visual-motor association learning in undergraduate students as a function of the autism-spectrum quotient.
abstract: We examined how performance on an associative learning task changes in a sample of undergraduate students as a function of their autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) score. The participants, without any prior knowledge of the Japanese language, learned to associate hiragana characters with button responses. In the novel condition, 50 participants learned visual-motor associations without any prior exposure to the stimuli's visual attributes. In the familiar condition, a different set of 50 participants completed a session in which they first became familiar with the stimuli's visual appearance prior to completing the visual-motor association learning task. Participants with higher AQ scores had a clear advantage in the novel condition; the amount of training required reaching learning criterion correlated negatively with AQ. In contrast, participants with lower AQ scores had a clear advantage in the familiar condition; the amount of training required to reach learning criterion correlated positively with AQ. An examination of how each of the AQ subscales correlated with these learning patterns revealed that abilities in visual discrimination-which is known to depend on the visual ventral-stream system-may have afforded an advantage in the novel condition for the participants with the higher AQ scores, whereas abilities in attention switching-which are known to require mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex-may have afforded an advantage in the familiar condition for the participants with the lower AQ scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.|Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Karisa B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Parkington
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, 3550, Australia.
authors.forename: Oriane
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, 3550, Australia. p.chouinard@latrobe.edu.au.|Brain and Mind Institute and the Department of Psychology, Natural Sciences Centre, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. p.chouinard@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Philippe A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-0689
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Chouinard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Autism-spectrum quotient (AQ); Executive function; Paired-associations; Visual perception; Visual-motor association learning