title: Oral Impacts on Quality of Life in Adult Patients with Class I, II and III Malocclusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the social impact of malocclusion on quality of life between adult patients with Angle Class I, II and III malocclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 222 adult patients (139, 42 and 41 with Angle Class I, II and III malocclusion, respectively) were recruited voluntarily from those attending the Orthodontic Clinic of Khyber College of Dentistry in Pesh awar, Pakistan. Participants were asked to complete the Urdu version of the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), which was previously validated for this study. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare the seven OHIP-14 domains scores and the total score between patients with malocclusion Class I, II and III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adults with Class III malocclusion had a significantly higher OHIP-14 total score than those with Class I malocclusion (a mean difference of 5 units between groups), but there were no differences between other Angle malocclusion groups. In addition, adults with Class III malocclusion reported greater impacts on the three OHIP-14 disability domains (physical, psychological and social) than those with Class I malocclusion. No significant interactions with sex and age were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that adult patients with Class III malocclusion had a poorer quality of life than those with Class I malocclusion. Differences were mainly found in the physical, psychological and social disability domains of the OHIP-14 instrument.
authors.forename: Omair
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernabé
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000523:psychology*; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000523:psychology*; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult