title: Effect of music intervention on the cognitive and depression status of senior apartment residents in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the effect of music intervention on cognitive function and depression status of residents in senior citizen apartments based on the existing evidence regarding music therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental study was conducted from November 2008 to December 2009. Sixty healthy senior apartment residents over 65 years of age were recruited and separated into two groups. According to their opinion, 41 took part in the music intervention group and 19 in the comparison group. The music intervention involved Buddhist hymns. The short-term effects were evaluated based on the measurement of cognitive function and depression level using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS-SF) at the baseline, 1 month, and 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The means of the initial and the 1-month MMSE and GDS-SF scores did not differ between the two groups. The 4-month MMSE score significantly declined compared with the initial level in the comparison group, whereas no significant change was observed in the experimental group. Moreover, the 4-month GDS-SF score significantly improved in both groups compared with the initial level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music intervention may postpone cognitive decline in healthy residents preferring Buddhist hymns in the senior citizen apartments in 4 months follow-up, and intense contact with participants may improve their mood status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan ; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Mentality Protection Center, Fo Guang Shan Compassion Foundation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ling-Chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Mentality Protection Center, Fo Guang Shan Compassion Foundation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan ; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan ; Department of Master's Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan ; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: cognitive function; depression; music intervention; senior apartment residents