title: Development of decellularized scaffolds for stem cell-driven tissue engineering.
abstract: Organ transplantation is an effective treatment for chronic organ dysfunctioning conditions. However, a dearth of available donor organs for transplantation leads to the death of numerous patients waiting for a suitable organ donor. The potential of decellularized scaffolds, derived from native tissues or organs in the form of scaffolds has been evolved as a promising approach in tissue-regenerative medicine for translating functional organ replacements. In recent years, donor organs, such as heart, liver, lung and kidneys, have been reported to provide acellular extracellular matrix (ECM)-based scaffolds through the process called 'decellularization' and proved to show the potential of recellularization with selected cell populations, particularly with stem cells. In fact, decellularized stem cell matrix (DSCM) has also emerged as a potent biological scaffold for controlling stem cell fate and function during tissue organization. Despite the proven potential of decellularized scaffolds in tissue engineering, the molecular mechanism responsible for stem cell interactions with decellularized scaffolds is still unclear. Stem cells interact with, and respond to, various signals/cues emanating from their ECM. The ability to harness the regenerative potential of stem cells via decellularized ECM-based scaffolds has promising implications for tissue-regenerative medicine. Keeping these points in view, this article reviews the current status of decellularized scaffolds for stem cells, with particular focus on: (a) concept and various methods of decellularization; (b) interaction of stem cells with decellularized scaffolds; (c) current recellularization strategies, with associated challenges; and (iv) applications of the decellularized scaffolds in stem cell-driven tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Bengaluru) Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zreiqat
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine Laboratory, UMR 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benkirane-Jessel
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanofibres and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore.
authors.forename: Seeram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.affiliation: Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Bengaluru) Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India.|WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Murugan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013242:Sterilization; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: decellularization; organ transplantation; recellularization; regenerative medicine; scaffolds; stem cells; tissue engineering