title: Mothers', fathers' and children's perceptions of parents' expectations about children's family obligations in nine countries.
abstract: Children's family obligations involve assistance and respect that children are expected to provide to immediate and extended family members and reflect beliefs related to family life that may differ across cultural groups. Mothers, fathers and children (N = 1432 families) in 13 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand and United States) reported on their expectations regarding children's family obligations and parenting attitudes and behaviours. Within families, mothers and fathers had more concordant expectations regarding children's family obligations than did parents and children. Parenting behaviours that were warmer, less neglectful and more controlling as well as parenting attitudes that were more authoritarian were related to higher expectations regarding children's family obligations between families within cultures as well as between cultures. These international findings advance understanding of children's family obligations by contextualising them both within families and across a number of diverse cultural groups in 9 countries.
authors.affiliation: Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lansford
authors.affiliation: Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godwin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Liane Peña
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Alampay
authors.affiliation: Consultorio Psicológico Popular, Universidad San Buenaventura, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Liliana Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Uribe Tirado
authors.affiliation: Department of Education Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zelli
authors.affiliation: Queen Rania Faculty for Childhood, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan, and Health and Special Education Division, Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
authors.forename: Suha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Al-Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bacchini
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Silvia
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bombi
authors.affiliation: Child and Family Research Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Marc H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Kirby
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deater-Deckard
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Giunta
authors.affiliation: Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.affiliation: Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.affiliation: Department of Education Psychology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oburu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pastorelli
authors.affiliation: Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Ann T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sorbring
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sombat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tapanya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005195:Family Relations / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000208:ethnology; D007597:Jordan / Q000208:ethnology; D007630:Kenya / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations / Q000208:ethnology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D010465:Perception; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D012941:Social Responsibility; D013548:Sweden / Q000208:ethnology; D013785:Thailand / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: Culture; Family obligations; Parent-child relationships; Parental attitudes