title: Associations of physical activity with depressiveness and coping in subjects with high-grade obesity aiming at bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced physical activity is supposed to be associated with depressiveness and more passive coping patterns. For further evaluation of this assumed relation we studied energy expenditure due to physical activity - usually referred to as activity thermogenesis (AT) - together with depressiveness (clinical diagnosis, depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire), and coping behaviours (Brief COPE Inventory) in 50 patients with high-grade obesity (42 ± 12 years; 9 with II° and 41 with III° obesity) aiming at bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  AT was assessed with a portable armband device (SenseWear™ armband). Depressiveness and coping were assessed using validated questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight-adjusted non-exercise AT and intensity of physical activity (metabolic equivalent) correlated inversely with body mass index (non-exercise AT: r = -0.32, P < 0.05; mean metabolic equivalent: r = -0.37, P < 0.01) but not with depressiveness. The coping strategies "support coping" and "active coping" showed significant inverse correlations to a) weight-adjusted non-exercise AT ("support coping": r = -0.34, P < 0.05; "active coping": r = -0.36, P < 0.05), b) weight-adjusted exercise-related AT ("support coping": r = -0.36, P < 0.05; "active coping": r = -0.38, P < 0.01) and c) intensity of physical activity (for mean metabolic equivalent: "support coping": r = -0.38, P < 0.01; "active coping": r = -0.40, P < 0.01; for duration of exercise-related AT: "support coping": r = -0.36, P < 0.05; "active coping": r = -0.38, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AT was not associated with depressiveness. Furthermore, supposed adaptive coping strategies of individuals aiming at bariatric surgery were negatively associated with AT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ; Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Elbelt
authors.affiliation: Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahnis
authors.affiliation: Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burkert
authors.affiliation: IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schuetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Obesity Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ordemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Strasburger
authors.affiliation: Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Burghard F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Klapp
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Coping; Depression; Obesity; Physical activity