title: Gold nanoparticles to improve HIV drug delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved lifespan and quality of life of patients infected with the HIV-1. However, ART has several potential limitations, including the development of drug resistance and suboptimal penetration to selected anatomic compartments. Improving the delivery of antiretroviral molecules could overcome several of the limitations of current ART.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two to ten nanometer diameter inorganic gold crystals serve as a base scaffold to combine molecules with an array of properties in its surface. We show entry into different cell types, antiviral activity of an HIV integrase inhibitor conjugated in a gold nanoparticle and penetration into the brain in vivo without toxicity. Herein, gold nanoparticles prove to be a promising tool to use in HIV therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7005, USA.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7005, USA.
authors.forename: Noelle P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
authors.forename: Jamee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bresee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
authors.forename: Erick A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
authors.forename: Candice A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
authors.forename: Carly J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Feldheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melander
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7005, USA.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Margolis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D006046:Gold