title: Proteomic analysis of plasma proteins in diabetic retinopathy patients by two dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-Tof-MS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetic retinopathy is a highly specific vascular complication of diabetes mellitus and progresses from mild non-proliferative abnormalities characterized by increased vascular permeability to moderate and severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy characterized by the growth of blood vessels on the retina. The aim of the study was to identify the differentially expressed proteins in diabetic retinopathy using two-dimensional electrophoresis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood sample was drawn from subjects with diabetes mellitus (without retinopathy) who served as controls and patients with diabetic retinopathy in tubes containing EDTA as anticoagulant. Albumin and immunoglobulin IgG collectively removed to enrich proteins of lower abundance. 2de was carried out to see if there are any differentially expressed proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 48 and 61 spots were identified in control and diabetic retinopathy respectively, of which three protein spots RBP1 (retinol-binding protein 1), NUD10 (Diphosphoinositol polyphosphohydrolase 3 alpha), NGB (neuroglobin) were down regulated and HBG2 (hemoglobin) and BY55 (CD 160 antigen) were upregulated in diabetic retinopathy. These five protein spots were excised and were subjected to in-gel tryptic digestion, and their identities were determined by ultraflex MALDI-TOF-MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a comprehensive patient-based plasma proteomic approach to the identification of potential biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy screening and detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified 5 different proteins that were differentially expressed in the plasma of control diabetic patients (without retinopathy). Among these five proteins the expression of neuroglobin (NGB) protein varied significantly and may be a potential biomarker in diabetic retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vidhya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, KAPV Government Medical College, and Annal Gandhi Govt. Medical Hospital, Trichy, 620 017, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Parthiban
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Purushothaman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, 614 403, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: dranushaparthiban@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anusha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001797:Blood Protein Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins
keywords: Biomarkers; Diabetic retinopathy; MALDI-TOF-MS; Phylogenetic analysis; Two dimensional electrophoresis