title: The analysis of the acute phase response during the course of Trypanosoma carassii infection in the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.).
abstract: The expression of genes encoding the acute phase proteins (APP) during the course of Trypanasoma carassii infection in the goldfish was determined using quantitative PCR. Significant changes in the mRNA levels of ceruloplasmin (Cp), C-reactive protein (CRP), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (Hx) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were observed in the kidney, liver and spleen at various days post infection (dpi). Of the five acute phase protein genes examined, CRP and SAA exhibited the highest expression in the tissues during the acute infection. Cp and Tf were up-regulated throughout the acute course of infection in the liver. During the chronic phase of the infection, APP expression in the liver was similar to that in the non-infected control fish. At 7 dpi, Cp, Tf and Hx were down-regulated in the spleen, and Cp and Tf kidney, but their mRNA levels gradually returned to those of control non-infected fish. In contrast, during the chronic phase of the infection, there was an up-regulation of Cp, Hx and Tf in the spleen, and Tf and SAA in the kidney. The goldfish CRP was cloned and functionally characterized. CRP was differentially expressed in normal goldfish immune cells, with highest expression in monocytes and lowest expression in mature macrophages. A recombinant goldfish CRP (rgfCRP) was generated using prokaryotic expression. rgfCRP enhanced complement-mediated killing of trypanosomes in vitro, and the lysis increased after addition of immune serum. rgfCRP did not affect the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates by monocytes and macrophages, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Nikolina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kovacevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Mariel O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Jiasong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: mike.belosevic@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Miodrag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belosevic
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D006054:Goldfish / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000276:immunology*; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Acute phase response; C-reactive protein; Ceruloplasmin; Complement lysis; Fish; Gene expression; Hemopexin; Transferrin