title: Experience with central venous access devices (CVADs) in the Canadian hemophilia primary prophylaxis study (CHPS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Haemophilia A treatment with factor VIII concentrates requires frequent venipunctures; a central venous access device (CVAD) may be required to facilitate reliable venous access, especially in young children. While CVADs provide reliable venous access, complications such as infection and thrombosis may occur.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess CVAD use in the Canadian Hemophilia Primary Prophylaxis Study (CHPS), a single-arm, multi-centre prospective study whereby factor use is tailored to individual prophylactic need.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants received a tailored, escalating dose, prophylaxis regimen of increasing frequency of FVIII infusions: step-1: 50 IU kg(-1) once weekly; step-2: 30 IU kg(-1) twice weekly; and step-3: 25 IU kg(-1) on alternate days, according to their level of bleeding. CVAD insertion was at the discretion of the local health care team. Details regarding CVAD use during this protocol were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty six boys were enrolled, 21 required 25 CVADs due to difficult venous access. CVADs were inserted at a median age of 1.3 years (range: 0.6-2.1) and were removed at a median age of 8.7 years (range 6.3-11.8). Six participants experienced non-life threatening CVAD-complications, the most frequent being device malfunction requiring CVAD replacement (n = 4). Two boys were shown to have CVAD-associated thrombosis detected on routine imaging; one required removal due to infusion difficulties and the other was asymptomatic and did not require device removal. No CVAD-related infections were documented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that the CHPS tailored prophylaxis regimen is associated with a decreased requirement for CVADs and with few device-related complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Langley
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation Pediatric Thrombosis and Hemostasis, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McLimont
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chait
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, UBC & BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Oncology, University of Calgary and Southern Alberta Rare Blood and Bleeding Disorders Comprehensive Care Program, Foothills Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.affiliation: Saskatchewan Bleeding Disorders Program, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Card
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Israels
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Cancer Care, Thunder Bay, ON.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laferriere
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Klaassen
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rivard
authors.affiliation: Centre de l'hémophilie de l'est du Québec de Québec-Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cloutier
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, IWK Hospital, Halifax, NS.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Blanchette
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002170:Canada; D062905:Central Venous Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020878:Device Removal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D005169:Factor VIII
keywords: CVAD; factor VIII; haemophilia A; port; port-a-catheter; prophylaxis