title: Cortical morphometry and IQ in VLBW children without cerebral palsy born in 2003-2007.
abstract: Children born prematurely with very low birth weight (VLBW: bw  ≤ 1500 g) have an increased risk of preterm perinatal brain injury, which may subsequently alter the maturation of the brain, including the cerebral cortex. The aim of study was to assess cortical thickness and surface area in VLBW children compared with term-born controls, and to investigate possible relationships between cortical morphology and Full IQ. In this cross-sectional study, 37 VLBW and 104 term children born between the years 2003-2007 were assessed cognitively at 5-10 years of age, using age appropriate Wechsler tests. The FreeSurfer software was used to obtain estimates of cortical thickness and surface area based on T1-weighted MRI images at 1.5 Tesla. The VLBW children had smaller cortical surface area bilaterally in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. A thicker cortex in the frontal and occipital regions and a thinner cortex in posterior parietal areas were observed in the VLBW group. There were significant differences in Full IQ between groups (VLBW M = 98, SD = 9.71; controls M = 108, SD = 13.57; p < 0.001). There was a positive relationship between IQ and surface area in both groups, albeit significant only in the larger control group. In the VLBW group, reduced IQ was associated with frontal cortical thickening and temporo-parietal thinning. We conclude that cortical deviations are evident in childhood even in VLBW children born in 2003-2007 who have received state of the art medical treatment in the perinatal period and who did not present with focal brain injuries on neonatal ultrasonography. The cortical deviations were associated with reduced cognitive functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne Elisabeth
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sølsnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Trondheim, Norway ; Department of Pediatrics, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristine H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Grunewaldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bjuland
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Elisabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Stavnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Irén A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bastholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Synne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aanes
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Heidi F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Østgård
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Asta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Håberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Trondheim, Norway ; Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway.
authors.forename: Gro C C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Løhaugen
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Trondheim, Norway ; Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skranes
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rimol
mesh_terms: D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male
keywords: Cortical surface area; Cortical thickness; Full IQ; MRI; Preterm birth; Very low birth weight