title: Measurement of Shoulder Range of Motion in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis Using a Kinect.
abstract: Range of motion (ROM) measurements are essential for the evaluation for and diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (AC). However, taking these measurements using a goniometer is inconvenient and sometimes unreliable. The Kinect (Microsoft, Seattle, WA, USA) is gaining attention as a new motion detecting device that is nonintrusive and easy to implement. This study aimed to apply Kinect to measure shoulder ROM in AC; we evaluated its validity by calculating the agreement of the measurements obtained using Kinect with those obtained using goniometer and assessed its utility for the diagnosis of AC. Both shoulders of 15 healthy volunteers and affected shoulders of 12 patients with AC were included in the study. The passive and active ROM of each were measured with a goniometer for flexion, abduction, and external rotation. Their active shoulder motions for each direction were again captured using Kinect and the ROM values were calculated. The agreement between the two measurements was tested with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Diagnostic performance using the Kinect ROM was evaluated with Cohen's kappa value. The cutoff values of the limited ROM were determined in the following ways: the same as passive ROM values, reflecting the mean difference, and based on receiver operating characteristic curves. The ICC for flexion/abduction/external rotation between goniometric passive ROM and the Kinect ROM were 0.906/0.942/0.911, while those between active ROMs and the Kinect ROMs were 0.864/0.932/0.925. Cohen's kappa values were 0.88, 0.88, and 1.0 with the cutoff values in the order above. Measurements of the shoulder ROM using Kinect show excellent agreement with those taken using a goniometer. These results indicate that the Kinect can be used to measure shoulder ROM and to diagnose AC as an alternative to goniometer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chiyul
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Gun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Chan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Youngbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gangwon-do Rehabilitation Hospital, Gangwon-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Keewon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002062:Bursitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology; D012984:Software