title: Altered Expression of Yes-associated Protein and β-Catenin in Non-neoplastic and Neoplastic Gastric Surface Epithelia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether differential expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and β-catenin is important in gastric carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 284 paraffin-embedded samples collected from 232 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were used to evaluate YAP and β-catenin expression by immunohistochemistry, and the experimental findings were compared against those for gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear YAP expression gradually increased from non-neoplastic epithelia to tubular or papillary adenocarcinomas (TPADs) and decreased in signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). Cytoplasmic β-catenin expression increased from non-neoplastic epithelia to high-grade dysplasia and was decreased in TPAD and SRCC. YAP-overexpressing cell lines exhibited marked tumor cell invasion, whereas YAP-depleted cells showed reduced invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nuclear YAP and cytoplasmic β-catenin play important roles in carcinogenesis, and the differential patterns YAP and β-catenin expression between TPAD and SRCC imply the existence of different carcinogenic pathways in these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Jun
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Lee
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Man
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Joung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sul
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Sang
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea phone330@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D018279:Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; C088374:YAP1 protein, human; D051176:beta Catenin
keywords: Yes-associated protein; adenocarcinoma; carcinogenesis; gastric neoplasia; signet-ring cell carcinoma; β-catenin