title: Evaluation of effectiveness of endovascular embolisation for the treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome--preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and clinical outcomes of endovascular embolisation of pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, observational study carried out between January and May of 2014 encompassed 24 female patients aged 22-44 years (average - 31 years) diagnosed with PCS. Diagnosis of PCS was established by medical history physical examination, transvaginal Doppler ultrasound examination and confirmed by MRI. The patients were qualified for phlebography and ovarian vein embolization with 0.035" detachable coils and/or microcoils. Pelvic pain scores were assessed before and 3 months after the procedure with the visual analog scale (VAS; 0 - no pain, 10 - unbearable pain).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Embolisation procedures were performed in 23 out of 24 patients. Nineteen patients underwent unilateral and 4 patients bilateral embolisation of the ovarian vein. In one case, safe and selective vessel catheterization was not possible due to the anatomical variant of venous flow. Nineteen patients underwent unilateral embolisation of the left ovarian vein. Four patients had the left and right ovarian veins embolized; in one of them, the internal iliac vein was additionally closed (the two-stage procedure). The technical success rate was 96%. Procedures lasted 23-78 minutes (32 minutes on average). An average of 40 ml of contrast was administered during the procedures. The total mean radiation dose at the reference point was 389 mGy (from 127 mGy to 1112 mGy). A decrease in pelvic pain intensity according to VAS was considered a clinical success. The median VAS pelvic pain score before the procedure was 8. Three months after the procedure median pelvic pain score decreased to 1 (p < 0.001). In two cases, the ovarian vein was injured and the contrast medium extravasated, which was clinically insignificant. In one case, a small injection site haematoma developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embolisation is a minimally invasive, effective and safe method of treatment for PCS. The cooperation between gynaecologists and interventional radiologists is essential for successful outcomes.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pyra
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woźniak
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Czuczwar
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trojanowska
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jargiełło
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paszkowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult