title: The dose dependent in vitro responses of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines to extracts of Vatica diospyroides symington type SS fruit include effects on mode of cell death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vatica diospyroides type LS is a known source of valuable compounds for cancer treatment, however, in contrast little is known about therapeutic efficacy of type SS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study focused on in vitro cytotoxicity of these fruit extracts, and the cell death mode they induce in breast cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acetone extracts of fruit were tested for cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The apoptosis and necrosis of these cells were quantified by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) and western blot analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 72 h of treatment, the 50% growth inhibition concentrations (IC50) levels were 16.21 ± 0.13 µg/mL against MCF-7 and 30.0 ± 4.30 µg/mL against MDA-MB-231, indicating high and moderate cytotoxicity, respectively. From the FACS results, we estimate that the cotyledon extract at half IC50 produced 11.7% dead MCF-7 cells via apoptosis, whereas another concentrations both apoptosis and necrosis modes co-existed in a dose-dependent manner. In MDA-MB-231 cell line, only the apoptosis was induced by the pericarp extract in a dose-dependent manner. With the extracts at half IC50 concentration, in both cells, the expression of p21 decreased while that of Bax increased within 12-48 h of dosing, confirming apoptosis induced by time-dependent responses. Apoptosis dependent on p53 was found in MCF-7, whereas the mutant p53 of MDA-MB-231 cells was expressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that fruit extracts of V. diospyroides have cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells via apoptosis pathway in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests that the extracts could provide active ingredients for the development, targeting breast cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Suratthani Campus, Suratthani 84000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Theera
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Srisawat
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Yaowapa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sukpondma
authors.affiliation: The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110 ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Potchanapond
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Graidist
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Siriphon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chimplee
authors.affiliation: The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110 ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kanyanatt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanokwiroon
keywords: Apoptosis; Vatica diospyroides type SS; breast cancer; flow cytometry; fruit