title: Bone-like apatite coating on functionalized poly(etheretherketone) surface via tailored silanization layers technique.
abstract: Poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) is a rigid semi-crystalline polymer with outstanding mechanical properties, bone-like stiffness and suitable biocompatibility that has attracted much interest as a biomaterial for orthopedic and dental implants. However, the bio-inert surface of PEEK limits its biomedical applications when direct osteointegration between the implants and the host tissue is desired. In this work, -PO4H2, -COOH and -OH groups were introduced on the PEEK surface by further chemical treatments of the vinyl-terminated silanization layers formed on the hydroxylation-pretreated PEEK surface. Both the surface-functionalized and pristine specimens were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements. When placed in 1.5 strength simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, apatite was observed to form uniformly on the functionalized PEEK surface and firmly attach to the substrate. The characterized results demonstrated that the coating was constituted by poorly crystallized bone-like apatite and the effect of surface functional groups on coating formation was also discussed in detail. In addition, in vitro biocompatibility of PEEK, in terms of pre-osteoblast cell (MC3T3-E1) attachment, spreading and proliferation, was remarkably enhanced by the bone-like apatite coating. Thus, this study provides a method to enhance the bioactivity of PEEK and expand its applications in orthopedic and dental implants.
authors.affiliation: Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chengdong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shenglan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zhanglfcioc@163.com.
authors.forename: Lifang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D001577:Benzophenones; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D001577:Benzophenones; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; D012821:Silanes; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Biomineralization; Bone-like apatite; Poly(etheretherketone); Silanization layers; Simulated body fluid (SBF); Surface modification