title: Phylo-typing of clinical Escherichia coli isolates originating from bovine mastitis and canine pyometra and urinary tract infection by means of quadruplex PCR.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Escherichia coli is one of the major causative agents of bovine mastitis worldwide, and is typically associated with acute, clinical mastitis. Besides this, E. coli strains which belong to the extra-intestinal pathogenic group are also the major cause of urinary tract infections and pyometra in dogs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, it was aimed to investigate phylo-groups/subgroups in 155 E. coli isolates obtained from acute bovine mastitis, 43 from urinary tract infections of dogs and 20 from canine pyometra by a formerly described triplex PCR and recently described new quadruplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group A1 (n = 118; 76%) and B1 (n = 71; 46%) were found to be the most prevalent groups by triplex and quadruplex PCR assays in mastitis isolates, respectively. Phylo-typing of 43 urinary tract isolates also revealed that most of the isolates belonged to A1 (n = 23; 54%) by triplex and B2 (n = 36; 84%) by quadruplex PCR assays. The isolates assigned as group A1 (n = 17; 85%) by triplex PCR could not be classified by quadruplex PCR in pyometra isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the hypothesis that E. coli strains isolated from bovine mastitis cases are environmental. Also, groups C, E and F were identified as new phylo-groups for the first time in acute bovine mastitis cases. The comparison of triplex PCR with quadruplex PCR results revealed that most of the groups assigned in triplex PCR were altered by quadruplex PCR assay.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Dışkapı , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hamit Kaan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Müştak
authors.affiliation: b Breeding Disease Diagnosis Laboratory , Veterinary Control Central Research Institute , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Elçin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Günaydin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Dışkapı , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: İnci Başak
authors.initials: İB
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Dışkapı , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Merve Özdal
authors.initials: MÖ
authors.lastname: Salar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Dışkapı , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Orkun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Babacan
authors.affiliation: c Manyas Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food , Agriculture and Livestock , Manyas , Bandırma , Turkey.
authors.forename: Kaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Önat
authors.affiliation: d Military Veterinary School and Educational Central Commandership , Gemlik , Bursa , Turkey.
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ata
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Dışkapı , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Kadir Serdar
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Diker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D055112:Pyometra / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins
keywords: Escherichia coli; bovine mastitis; canine pyometra; canine urinary tract infection; phylo-group; quadruplex PCR