title: A 19-Year Record of Training Haitian Residents in Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since 1996, 1 to 4 annual training missions have been carried out to train Haitian otorhinolaryngology (ENT) and cervicofacial surgery residents by the association Liens Otorhinolaryngology Ayti (LOA). Until 1996, ENT was practiced and taught by ophthalmologists. The aim of this article is to describe the contributions and limitations of LOA in training of Haitian resident physicians and the creation of the ENT specialty in Haiti.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of clinical consultation and surgical interventions records and didactics carried out during missions from 1996 through 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 37 missions were made during the 19-year period in which 29 senior ENT specialists participated, with an average of 3.37 missions per physician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10,300 consultations and 173 surgical procedures were made jointly by a senior LOA physician and a Haitian resident physician. Totally 16 Haitian ENT residents were trained, 81% of whom are still practicing in Haiti. ENT became a surgical specialty in 2001 after the nomination of a Haitian ENT specialist as Assistant Director of the ENT-Ophthalmology service. The latter benefitted from dual training by LOA in Haiti and abroad.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Haitian population experiences significant difficulties with access to medical care owing to very low number of resident medical personnel. LOA's work has contributed over 19 years to the training of ENT physicians now practicing in Haiti and to the creation of a local ENT specialty.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale. Hôpital Universitaire de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France. Electronic address: agnes.dupret@chru-strasbourg.fr.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dupret-Bories
authors.affiliation: Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale et d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital de l'Université d'Etat d'Haïti, Port-au-Prince, Haïti.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jean-Gilles
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de l'Université d'Etat d'Haïti, Port-au-Prince, Haïti.
authors.forename: Rodolphe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malebranche
authors.affiliation: Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale. Hôpital Universitaire de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charpiot
authors.affiliation: Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale. Hôpital Universitaire de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hémar
authors.affiliation: Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale. Hôpital Universitaire de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gentine
authors.affiliation: Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale, Centre hospitalier de Mulhouse, Mulhouse, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boidevezi
authors.affiliation: Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale. Hôpital Universitaire de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rohmer
authors.affiliation: Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale. Hôpital Universitaire de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Debry
authors.affiliation: Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale et d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital de l'Université d'Etat d'Haïti, Port-au-Prince, Haïti.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cadet
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Universitaire Civil, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Fréderic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bodin
authors.affiliation: Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale, Centre hospitalier de Mulhouse, Mulhouse, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bailly
mesh_terms: D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D006205:Haiti; D007396:Internship and Residency; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013043:Specialties, Surgical / Q000193:education*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: ENT; Haiti; Medical Knowledge; Patient Care; Practice-Based Learning and Improvement; Professionalism; Systems-Based Practice; residency; surgery; training