title: Hydrotherapy vs. conventional land-based exercise for improving walking and balance after stroke: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of hydrotherapy on walking ability and balance in patients with chronic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-blind, randomized controlled pilot trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient rehabilitation clinic at a tertiary neurological hospital in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28 participants with impairments in walking and controlling balance more than six months post-stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  After baseline evaluations, participants were randomly assigned to a land-based therapy (control group, n = 14) or hydrotherapy (study group, n = 14). Participants underwent individual sessions for four weeks, five days a week, for 45 minutes per session.
  
  
  METHODS
  After four weeks of rehabilitation, all participants were evaluated by a blinded assessor. Functional assessments included the Functional Reach Test, Berg Balance Scale, 2-minute walk test, and Timed Up and Go Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After four weeks of treatment, the Berg Balance Scale, functional reach test, 2-minute walk test, and the Timed Up and Go Test scores had improved significantly in each group (P < 0.05). The mean improvement of the functional reach test and 2-minute walk test were significantly higher in the aquatic group than in the control group (P < 0.01). The differences in the mean values of the improvements in the Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Up and Go Test were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that a relatively short programme (four weeks) of hydrotherapy exercise resulted in a large improvement in a small group (n = 14) of individuals with relatively high balance and walking function following a stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China zhu36121209@sina.com.
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Liling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xiaona
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hongtu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Berg Balance Scale; Hydrotherapy; mobility; physical training; stroke