title: Protective Role of Ternatin Anthocyanins and Quercetin Glycosides from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea Leguminosae) Blue Flower Petals against Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation in Macrophage Cells.
abstract: Twelve phenolic metabolites (nine ternatin anthocyanins and three glycosylated quercetins) were identified from the blue flowers of Clitoria ternatea by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n)). Three anthocyanins not reported in this species before show fragmentation pattern of the ternatin class. Extracts were fractionated in fractions containing flavonols (F3) and ternatin anthocyanins (F4). In general, C. ternatea polyphenols showed anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with distinct molecular targets. Flavonols (F3) showed strong inhibition of COX-2 activity and partial ROS suppression. On the other hand, the ternatin anthocyanins (F4) inhibited nuclear NF-κB translocation, iNOS protein expression, and NO production through a non-ROS suppression mechanism. Accordingly, quercetin glycosides and ternatin anthocyanins from the blue flower petals of C. ternatea may be useful in developing drugs or nutraceuticals for protection against chronic inflammatory diseases by suppressing the excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators from macrophage cells.
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: §National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 404-708, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schreckinger
authors.forename: Nuri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andarwulan
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cisneros-Zevallos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D031292:Clitoria / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D006027:Glycosides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C051080:ternatin (flavonoid); D011794:Quercetin
keywords: COX-2 activity; Clitoria ternatea; NF-κB; NO; ROS; inflammation; macrophages; quercetin glycosides; ternatin anthocyanins