title: Identifying in vivo DCE MRI markers associated with microvessel architecture and gleason grades of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To identify computer extracted in vivo dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI markers associated with quantitative histomorphometric (QH) characteristics of microvessels and Gleason scores (GS) in prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study considered retrospective data from 23 biopsy confirmed prostate cancer patients who underwent 3 Tesla multiparametric MRI before radical prostatectomy (RP). Representative slices from RP specimens were stained with vascular marker CD31. Tumor extent was mapped from RP sections onto DCE MRI using nonlinear registration methods. Seventy-seven microvessel QH features and 18 DCE MRI kinetic features were extracted and evaluated for their ability to distinguish low from intermediate and high GS. The effect of temporal sampling on kinetic features was assessed and correlations between those robust to temporal resolution and microvessel features discriminative of GS were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12 microvessel architectural features were discriminative of low and intermediate/high grade tumors with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) > 0.7. These features were most highly correlated with mean washout gradient (WG) (max rho = -0.62). Independent analysis revealed WG to be moderately robust to temporal resolution (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.63) and WG variance, which was poorly correlated with microvessel features, to be predictive of low grade tumors (AUC = 0.77). Enhancement ratio was the most robust (ICC = 0.96) and discriminative (AUC = 0.78) kinetic feature but was moderately correlated with microvessel features (max rho = -0.52).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer extracted features of prostate DCE MRI appear to be correlated with microvessel architecture and may be discriminative of low versus intermediate and high GS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singanamalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Mirabela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College of London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie N C
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ziober
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Anant
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madabhushi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: DCE MRI; Gleason grades; imaging biomarkers; microvessel architecture; prostate cancer; quantitative histomorphometry