title: Nephroprotective activity of Bilvādi agada in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity accounts for 10-30% of the acute renal failure (ARF) among drug-induced ARF. In Ayurveda such side effects are considered as the poisonous effects of low potent poisons called gara viṣa. Bilvādi agada (BA), a classical formulation is indicated in gara viṣa and most of its ingredients have proven for their nephroprotective activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to evaluate the effect of BA in GM-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  BA, GM, normal saline were procured from standard companies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, viz. Control group which received normal saline intraperitoneal (i.p.) daily for 8 days; toxic group received GM 80 mg/kg/day i.p. for 8 days, and trial group received both GM 80 mg/kg/day i.p. and BA 216 mg/each rat weighing ~200 g orally 1 h after administration of GM.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the values were expressed as mean ± standard error and data were analyzed by applying one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett's test for multiple comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BA treated group showed a significant change (P < 0.05) in levels of serum creatinine, urine creatinine, and urine potassium. There was no significant change (P > 0.05) seen in serum potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphorus and urine sodium, chloride in all three groups. Glomerular congestion, interstitial edema, tubular necrosis, interstitial hemorrhage was reduced in BA treated group. The results of this study indicate that BA reduces GM-induced nephrotoxicity and it may be due to anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, diuretic and anti-oxidant properties of drugs. Further studies are necessary to explore the exact mechanism of BA in nephroprotection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agadatantra, KLEU's Shri B.M.K. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Shahapur, Karna, India.
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Agadatantra, KLEU's Shri B.M.K. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Shahapur, Karna, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hiremath
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Banappa S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Unger
keywords: Bilwaadi Agada; gara visha; gentamicin; nephroprotection; nephrotoxicity