title: In situ characterization of organo-modified and unmodified montmorillonite aqueous suspensions by UV-visible spectroscopy.
abstract: UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy (Tyndall spectra) was applied and tested for its ability to measure organo-modified and unmodified montmorillonite (MMT) clays in aqueous suspensions. A full factorial design of experiments was used to study the influence of pH, NaCl and clay concentrations on the average particle size of the clay agglomerates. The methodology was evaluated by observing results that were consistent with previous research about the unmodified clay's behavior in aqueous suspensions. The results from this evaluation corresponded to accepted theories about the unmodified clay's behavior, indicating that the methodology is precise enough to distinguish the effects of the studied factors on these clay suspensions. The effect of clay concentration was related to the amount of ions per clay particle for the unmodified clay, but was not significant for the organo-modified MMT. The average particle size of the organo-modified MMT in suspension was significantly larger than that of the unmodified clay. Size of the organo-modified MMT agglomerates in suspension decreased in the presence of NaCl and at both high and low pH; this behavior was opposite to that of the unmodified clay. These results demonstrate that the UV-Vis methodology is well-suited for characterizing clay particle size in aqueous suspensions. The technique also is simple, rapid, and low-cost.
authors.affiliation: School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electronic address: jonas.alin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alin
authors.affiliation: School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electronic address: mariar@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubino
authors.affiliation: School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electronic address: aurasraf@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Auras
keywords: Clay; Factorial design; Montmorillonite; Nanoclay; Particle size; Tyndall; UV–Vis; Water suspension