title: Strontium substituted hydroxyapatites: Synthesis and determination of their structural properties, in vitro and in vivo performance.
abstract: The objective of this study is to present a detailed report related to the synthesis and characterization of strontium substituted hydroxyapatites. Based on this purpose, hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramics with different amounts of strontium (e.g., 0, 0.45, 0.90, 1.35, 1.80 and 2.25 at.%) were prepared using a sol-gel method. The effects of Sr substitution on the structural properties and biocompatibility of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, in vitro and in vivo tests. All the samples composed of the nanoparticles ranging from 21 to 27 nm. The presence of Sr at low levels influenced the crystal size, crystallinity degree, lattice parameters and volume of the unit cell of the HAp. Both in vitro conditions and soaking period in simulated body fluid (SBF) significantly affected these properties. Especially, the (Ca+Sr)/P molar ratio gradually decreases with increasing soaking period in SBF. Animal experiments revealed the bone formation and osseointegration for all samples, and as compared with other groups, more reasonable, were observed for the sample with the lowest Sr content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey. Electronic address: okaygili@firat.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaygili
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serhat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keser
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kom
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yesari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eroksuz
authors.affiliation: Kudrinskaja square 1-155, Moscow 123242, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Dorozhkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tankut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ates
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ozercan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tatar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fahrettin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yakuphanoglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011817:Rabbits; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013324:Strontium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017886:Durapatite; D013324:Strontium
keywords: Hydroxyapatite; In vitro; In vivo; Strontium