title: Does Disposing of Construction and Demolition Debris in Unlined Landfills Impact Groundwater Quality? Evidence from 91 Landfill Sites in Florida.
abstract: More than 1,500 construction and demolition debris (CDD) landfills operate in the United States (U.S.), and U.S. federal regulations do not require containment features such as low-permeability liners and leachate collection systems for these facilities. Here we evaluate groundwater quality from samples collected in groundwater monitoring networks at 91 unlined, permitted CDD landfills in Florida, U.S. A total of 460,504 groundwater sample results were analyzed, with a median of 10 years of quarterly or semiannual monitoring data per site including more than 400 different chemical constituents. Downgradient concentrations of total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, iron, ammonia-nitrogen, and aluminum were greater than upgradient concentrations (p < 0.05). At downgradient wells where sulfate concentrations were greater than 150 mg/L (approximately 10% of the maximum dissolved sulfate concentration in water, which suggests the presence of leachate from the landfill), iron and arsenic were detected in 91% and 43% of samples, with median concentrations of 1,900 μg/L and 11 μg/L, respectively. These results show that although health-based standards can be exceeded at unlined CDD landfills, the magnitude of detected chemical concentrations is generally small and reflective of leached minerals from components (wood, concrete, and gypsum drywall) that comprise the bulk of discarded CDD by mass.
authors.affiliation: Innovative Waste Consulting Services, LLC, 6628 NW 9th Boulevard Suite 3, Gainesville, Florida 32605, United States.|Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States.|Land and Nanotechnology Research, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States.
authors.forename: Jon T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Innovative Waste Consulting Services, LLC, 6628 NW 9th Boulevard Suite 3, Gainesville, Florida 32605, United States.|Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States.|Land and Nanotechnology Research, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Innovative Waste Consulting Services, LLC, 6628 NW 9th Boulevard Suite 3, Gainesville, Florida 32605, United States.|Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States.|Land and Nanotechnology Research, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Innovative Waste Consulting Services, LLC, 6628 NW 9th Boulevard Suite 3, Gainesville, Florida 32605, United States.|Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States.|Land and Nanotechnology Research, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States.
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: Innovative Waste Consulting Services, LLC, 6628 NW 9th Boulevard Suite 3, Gainesville, Florida 32605, United States.|Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States.|Land and Nanotechnology Research, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States.
authors.forename: Thabet M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Tolaymat
mesh_terms: D003252:Construction Materials; D005431:Florida; D005843:Geography; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D014866:Waste Products