title: Genome-wide identification and transcript profile of the whole cathepsin superfamily in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus.
abstract: Modulation of expression of cathepsins in innate immune response has previously been reported in mollusks and large crustaceans including crabs, lobsters, and shrimps in response to immune challenges. However, similar responses in copepods and the related cathepsin members remain under-investigated. To understand molecular and innate immune responses in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus, we identified the full spectra of cathepsin members (2 aspartyl proteases, 18 cysteine proteases, and 4 serine proteases) and also analyzed transcriptional expression of cathepsin (Tj-cathepsin) genes in developmental stages, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and two Vibrio species-exposed T. japonicus. The transcriptional levels of most Tj-cathepsin genes were highly increased during the molting transition from the nauplius to the copepodid stages. LPS treatment induced innate immune response via significant transcriptional increase of serine cathepsin (e.g., cathepsin As) members with induction of several cysteine cathepsin genes. However, Tj-aspartyl cathepsin E-like and a novel cysteine cathepsin were slightly reduced in response to LPS exposure. Interestingly, Vibrio species showed very low transcriptional sensitivity in the expression of entire cathepsins, while LPS induced several cathepsin gene-involved primitive immune responses in T. japonicus. In this paper, we discuss how whole cathepsin expression profiling can be linked to host defense mechanism to better understand and uncover the underlying mechanism of copepods' innate immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Bum
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Mi
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, South Korea.
authors.forename: Inseon
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Souissi
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-702, South Korea.
authors.forename: Heum Gi
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea. Electronic address: jslee2@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Jae-Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, South Korea. Electronic address: jsrhee@inu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rhee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000235:genetics*; D033342:Copepoda / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014733:Vibrio / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D002403:Cathepsins
keywords: Cathepsin; Copepod; Lipopolysaccharide; Tigriopus japonicus; Vibrio