title: Anaplasma Infection in Ticks, Livestock and Human in Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran Province, Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anaplasmosis is an important issue for animal breeders in terms of economic losses as well as a health concern to human. Ticks are considered as the main vector of this disease. Lack of documented information about Anaplasma species in Iran was the scope of this study to determine the population of ticks and the presence of Anaplasma in ticks, domestic ruminants and also human beings in northern Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 101 unengorged hard ticks, 78 domestic ruminants and 40 human blood samples collected from Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran were tested by nested PCR against 16s rRNA gene of Anaplasma species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive PCR was found in 50 ticks, 28 sheep, 2 cattle, one goat, and 10 human specimens. Sequence analysis of the PCR products confirmed presence of A. ovis in two Rhipicephalus sanguineus and two Ixodes ricinus ticks, one human and 4 sheep samples. Moreover one Boophilus annulatus tick and one sheep sample were infected with A. bovis. Furthermore one sample of sheep was infected with A. centrale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first report of tick infection to A. ovis, A. bovis and human infection to A. ovis in Iran. The result of this study is a survey of Anaplasma infections from ticks, domestic animals and human in Iran which help to have appropriate prevention measures for anaplasmosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vectors Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasibeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosseini-Vasoukolaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vectors Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oshaghi
authors.affiliation: Deptment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vectors Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vatandoost
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Farhang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Babamahmoudi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vectors Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yaghoobi-Ershadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vectors Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zakkyeh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Telmadarraiy
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vectors Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mohtarami
keywords: Anaplasma; Human; Iran; Livestock; Tick