title: Cladding waveguide gratings in standard single-mode fiber for 3D shape sensing.
abstract: Femtosecond laser pulses were used for the direct point-by-point inscription of waveguides into the cladding of standard single-mode fibers. Homogeneous S-shaped waveguides have been processed as a bundle of overlapping lines without damaging the surrounding material. Within these structures, FBGs have been successfully inscribed and characterized. A sensor device to measure the bending direction of a fiber was created by two perpendicular inscribed cladding waveguides with FBG. Finally, a complete 3D shape sensor consisting of several bending sensor planes, capable of detecting bending radii even below 2.5 cm is demonstrated.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Waltermann
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doering
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Köhring
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angelmahr
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schade