title: Inguinal Herniation of a Transplant Ureter: Lessons Learned From a Case of "Water Over the Bridge".
abstract: Inguinal herniation of the transplant ureter is rare, and there is a paucity of reports in the literature. Herniation is usually secondary to implanting a long redundant ureter and may be precipitated by its course over the spermatic cord. Most often, there is loss of the allograft owing to delayed presentation and chronic ureteric obstruction. Here, we report a case of inguinal herniation of a transplant ureter with obstruction and graft dysfunction. A 72-year-old man presented 9 years after deceased-donor kidney transplant, with progressive graft dysfunction and a symptomatic right inguinal hernia. A nephrostogram and subsequent surgery confirmed herniation of a loop of transplant ureter into the inguinal canal with a proximal dilated ureter and hydronephrosis. A long and redundant ureter had been anastomosed "over" the spermatic cord to the bladder during the original operation. The ureter was shortened by excising the distal segment, and the proximal dilated ureter was anastomosed to the bladder passing it "underneath" the spermatic cord. We used a Vicryl (polyglactin 910) mesh to repair the hernia. The graft function improved to baseline levels after the nephrostomy and remained stable after the surgery. This case emphasizes the need to keep the ureter short, and the importance of passing it underneath the spermatic cord before anastomosing to the bladder. Transplant and general surgeons should be aware of such presentations of graft dysfunction with inguinal hernia to avoid delayed diagnosis and graft loss.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Transplantation, Division of Surgery, St James's University Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Abdul R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hakeem
authors.forename: Palanivel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.forename: Mohantha D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dooldeniya
authors.forename: Henry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Irving
authors.forename: Niaz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011098:Polyglactin 910 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000637:transplantation*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D011098:Polyglactin 910