title: Trichloroethylene Is Associated with Kidney Cancer Mortality: A Population-based Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between the distribution of trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and mortality from kidney cancer (Kca) across United States counties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of TCE discharges from industrial sites and age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates for Kca during 2005 through 2010, controlling for confounders. A total of 163 counties were included in analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed an excess risk of Kca mortality associated with higher amounts of environmental TCE releases. A significant dose-response relationship was observed between TCE releases and Kca mortality in females. Smoking, education, income, hypertension, and obesity were significant predictors of incidence and mortality, consistent with previous research on the epidemiology of Kca.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TCE exposure may increase the risk of mortality from Kca, an association not highlighted before. There is a need for policy measures to limit TCE discharge to the environment if these results are validated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, U.S.A. salanee@siumed.edu.
authors.forename: Shaheen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alanee
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clemons
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Whitney
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zahnd
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sadowski
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dynda
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D012306:Risk; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014241:Trichloroethylene
keywords: Kidney cancer; incidence; mortality; trichloroethylene