title: Inducing Stem Cell Myogenesis Using NanoScript.
abstract: Transcription factors (TFs) are multidomain proteins that play a critical role in orchestrating stem cell differentiation, but several limitations hinder the full potential of TF-based gene regulation. Here we report a unique strategy to emulate TFs and differentiate stem cells in a nonviral approach using an artificial, nanoparticle-based transcription factor called NanoScript. The NanoScript platform consists of a gold nanoparticle functionalized with small molecules that mimic the various domains of TFs. As a result, NanoScript mimics the function and structure of TF proteins. Specifically, NanoScript was designed to regulate muscle cell differentiation by targeting myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), which play an important role in inducing myogenesis. This NanoScript-MRF is stable in physiological environments, localizes within the nucleus, induces differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into mature muscle cells in 7 days, and is naturally excreted from induced muscle cells. As such, NanoScript represents a safe and powerful tool for applications requiring gene manipulation.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.|§Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) and ∥Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Sahishnu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.|§Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) and ∥Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Perry T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.|§Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) and ∥Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.|§Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) and ∥Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Ki-Bum
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D024510:Muscle Development; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D006046:Gold
keywords: myogenesis; nanoparticle-based genetic manipulation; nonviral delivery; stem cell differentiation; transcription factors