title: Saururus chinensis Baill induces apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: In this study, we examined the mechanism underlying the effect of Saururus chinensis Baill (saururaceae) on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells and Chang cells were exposed to various concentrations of S. chinensis Baill extract (SC-E) for 24 h. SC-E affected more significantly HepG2 cells than Chang cells in terms of cell viability and ATP production. Therefore, current study examined detailed mechanism how SC-E affected HepG2 cell survival. We found that SC-E (75 and 150 μg/ml) induced apoptosis via oxidative stress. SC-E also caused CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) activation by dissociating the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) from inositol-requiring 1α (IRE1α) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induced Bax, cytochrome c release to cytosol, caspase-3 activation, and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, resulting in HepG2 cell apoptosis. Furthermore, SC-E caused ER Ca(2+) leakage into the cytosol; ER dilation and mitochondrial membrane damage were observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Taken together, our results demonstrated that SC-E induced cancer cell apoptosis specifically through ER stress.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National, University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ah Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National, University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National, University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National, University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National, University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea; Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea; Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mchotox@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Myung-Haing
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D032134:Saururaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anticancer agent; Apoptosis; ER stress; Natural product; Saururus Chinesis Baill