title: (18)F-Alfatide II PET/CT in healthy human volunteers and patients with brain metastases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of an integrin αvβ3 specific PET tracer (18)F-AlF-NOTA-E[PEG4-c(RGDfk)]2) (denoted as (18)F-Alfatide II). We also assessed the value of (18)F-Alfatide II in patients with brain metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of torso (from the skull to the thigh) static images were acquired in five healthy volunteers (3 M, 2 F) at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after injection of (18)F-Alfatide II (257 ± 48 MBq). Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn manually, and the time-activity curves (TACs) were obtained for major organs. Nine patients with brain metastases were examined by static PET imaging with (18)F-FDG (5.55 MBq/kg) and (18)F-Alfatide II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injection of (18)F-Alfatide II was well tolerated in all healthy volunteers, with no serious tracer-related adverse events found. (18)F-Alfatide II showed rapid clearance from the blood pool and kidneys. The total effective dose equivalent (EDE) and effective dose (ED) were 0.0277 ± 0.003 mSv/MBq and 0.0198 ± 0.002 mSv/MBq, respectively. The organs with the highest absorbed dose were the kidneys and the spleen. Nine patients with 20 brain metastatic lesions identified by MRI and/or CT were enrolled in this study. All 20 brain lesions were visualized by (18)F-Alfatide II PET, while only ten lesions were visualized by (18)F-FDG, and 13 by CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  F-Alfatide II is a safe PET tracer with a favorable dosimetry profile. The observed ED suggests that (18)F-Alfatide II is feasible for human studies. (18)F-Alfatide II has potential value in finding brain metastases of different cancers as a biomarker of angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi No. 4 People's Hospital), Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Chunjing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi No. 4 People's Hospital), Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Baoming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China. ymzfk@yahoo.com.hk.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi No. 4 People's Hospital), Wuxi, China. wwxjs@126.com.
authors.forename: Weixing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. shawn.chen@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C586680:alfatide II
keywords: Alfatide II; Brain metastasis; Integrin; PET/CT; RGD peptide