title: Single-Site Robotic Cholecystectomy: The Timeline of Progress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the learning curve and perioperative outcomes of single-site robotic cholecystectomy during the first 102 cases by a single surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed on the first 102 cases of single-site robotic cholecystectomy. Patients were divided into five chronological groups based on the date of surgery, with 20 patients in each group except the 5th group which had 22 patients. The groups were compared by docking time, robotic dissection time, and overall surgery time. A P value of 0.05 was used as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The female to male ratio was 2:1. The mean age was 51 years (18-87) and the mean BMI was 28.26 (18-41). Overall, 69 % of the patients underwent elective cholecystectomy and 31 % required urgent surgery. In all, 17 % of patients had previous abdominal surgeries. In total, 45 % of procedures were regarded as same day surgery. The total mean length of stay was 1.97 days (0-8). The mean operative time was 110 min (36-265), mean robotic console time 70 min (26-179), and mean docking time 9 min (1-26). The overall conversion rate was 3.9 % and the complication rate was 4 %. The docking time, robotic time, and average operative time were significantly different in the first group as compared to the remaining the five groups (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-site robotic cholecystectomy is safe in both elective and urgent conditions, and in patients with previous abdominal surgeries. It has a short learning curve.
authors.affiliation: Center for Robotic Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, 60068, USA, shahidaaziz07@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shahida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bibi
authors.forename: Amir A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rahnemai-Azar
authors.forename: Jasna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coralic
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayoumi
authors.forename: Joubin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khorsand
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.forename: Leela M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059032:Learning Curve; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult