title: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome in Class III Obesity Individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is represented mainly by abdominal obesity and insulin resistance (IR), both present in most individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS). IR is the key risk factor in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Objective. To relate NAFLD to MS in class III obese individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive cross-sectional study with class III obese individuals, aged ≥ 20-60 years. Blood pressure measurement, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood glucose, insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides data were obtained. HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance) calculation was carried out with a cutoff value of 2.71 for IR evaluation. The diagnosis of NAFLD was performed by liver biopsy and the diagnosis of MS was performed in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPATP III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 50 individuals evaluated, 86% were women and BMI means were 45.4 ± 3.6 Kg/m(2). The overall individuals had NAFLD, 70% steatosis, and 30% steatohepatitis. The diagnosis of MS occurred in 56% but showed no significant association with NAFLD (P = 0.254). Triglycerides (178 ± 65.5 mg/dL) and insulin (28.2 ± 22.6 mcU/mL) mean values were significantly higher in steatohepatitis (P = 0.002 and P = 0.042, resp.) compared to individuals with steatosis. IR was confirmed in 76% and showed a relationship with NAFLD severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAFLD was not related to MS; however, MS components, evaluated in isolation, as well as IR, were related to the presence and severity of NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.affiliation: Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo, 04021-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Carlos Saboya Clinic, 22764-000 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Saboya
authors.affiliation: FIOCRUZ, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; Social Applied Nutrition Department, Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brigadeiro Trompowski, s/n 2° Andar, Bloco J, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro (INJC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Brigadeiro Trompowski, Subsolo, Bloco J, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL