title: Mosquitocidal and antiplasmodial activity of Senna occidentalis (Cassiae) and Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) from Maruthamalai hills against Anopheles stephensi and Plasmodium falciparum.
abstract: Each year, mosquito-borne diseases infect nearly 700 million people, resulting to more than 1 million deaths. In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal, pupicidal, and smoke toxicity of Senna occidentalis and Ocimum basilicum leaf extracts against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. Furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of plant extracts was evaluated against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In larvicidal and pupicidal experiments, S. occidentalis LC50 ranged from 31.05 (I instar larvae) to 75.15 ppm (pupae), and O. basilicum LC50 ranged from 29.69 (I instar larvae) to 69 ppm (pupae). Smoke toxicity experiments conducted against adults showed that S. occidentalis and O. basilicum coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the pyrethrin-based positive control (38, 52, and 42%, respectively). In antiplasmodial assays, Senna occidentalis 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 48.80 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 54.28 μg/ml (CQ-r), while O. basilicum IC50 were 68.14 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 67.27 μg/ml (CQ-r). Overall, these botanicals could be considered as potential sources of metabolites to build newer and safer malaria control tools.
authors.affiliation: Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kadarkarai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.forename: Narayanan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aarthi
authors.forename: Kalimuthu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovendan
authors.forename: Chellasamy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panneerselvam
authors.forename: Balamurugan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chandramohan
authors.forename: Palanisamy Mahesh
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Duraisamy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amerasan
authors.forename: Manickam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paulpandi
authors.forename: Ramachandran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandirasekar
authors.forename: Devakumar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dinesh
authors.forename: Udaiyan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: Jayapal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: Akon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Abdullah A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alarfaj
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mehlhorn
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D018649:Ocimum basilicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*; D011679:Pupa / Q000187:drug effects; D029846:Senna Plant / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts