title: Sauna, sweat and science - quantifying the proportion of condensation water versus sweat using a stable water isotope ((2)H/(1)H and (18)O/(16)O) tracer experiment.
abstract: Most visitors of a sauna appreciate the heat pulse that is perceived when water is poured on the stones of a sauna stove. However, probably only few bathers are aware that this pleasant heat pulse is caused by latent heat being released onto our skin due to condensation of water vapour. In order to quantify the proportion of condensation water versus sweat to dripping water of test persons we conducted sauna experiments using isotopically labelled (δ(18)O and δ(2)H) thrown water as tracer. This allows differentiating between 'pure sweat' and 'condensation water'. Two ways of isotope mass balance calculations were applied and yielded similar results for both water isotopes. Accordingly, condensation contributed considerably to dripping water with mean proportions of 52 ± 12 and 54 ± 7% in a sauna experiment in winter semester 2011/12 and 30 ± 13 and 33 ± 6% in a sauna experiment in winter semester 2012/13, respectively, depending on the way of calculating the isotope mass balance. It can be concluded from the results of our dual isotope labelling sauna experiment that it is not all about sweat in the sauna.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Soil Physics and Chair of Geomorphology , University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth , Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zech
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bösel
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuthorn
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benesch
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dubbert
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuntz
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glaser
mesh_terms: D003903:Deuterium / Q000032:analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D044367:Phase Transition; D013227:Steam / Q000032:analysis; D029002:Steam Bath; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D013227:Steam; D014867:Water; D003903:Deuterium
keywords: condensation; hydrogen-2; isotope labelling; oxygen-18; perspiration; phase transition; sauna; tracer