title: Spatio-temporal patterns of pesticide residues in the Turia and Júcar Rivers (Spain).
abstract: A study was conducted on the occurrence of 50 pesticides in water and sediments of Turia and Júcar Rivers (Valencian Community, Eastern Spain) for a period of two consecutive years each, 2010/2011 and 2012/2013, respectively to assess the contribution of agriculture and urban activities on pesticide pollution. The results showed that mean concentrations of pesticides ranged from <LOQ up to 200 ng/L. Chlorpyrifos was the most frequent pesticide whereas imazalil, thiabendazole, tolclofos methyl, ethion and carbofuran were those found at higher concentrations. Ubiquitous pesticides are those with long half-lives. The most polluted parts of the rivers were the headwaters and the mouth, which could be related to the agricultural practices and rainfall. Contrarily, in the abrupt part of the rivers of difficult access the contamination is low. Other quality parameters monitored in this study also corroborate the worst water quality in the alluvial plains that coincides with higher anthropic pressure. The temporal variations also indicated a strong relation of pesticide concentrations with hydrology, the higher the river flow, the higher number and frequency of pesticides but at lower concentrations. On the contrary, at lower river flows higher pesticide concentrations were detected. The risk assessment for aquatic biota pointed out that organophosphorus and fungicides are a threat to fish and daphnia and herbicides and fungicides are hazards for algae. Thus, the strict control of pesticide concentrations is important to preserve the aquatic ecosystems health.
authors.affiliation: Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV) and Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: Alexander.Ccanccapa@uv.es.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ccanccapa
authors.affiliation: Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV) and Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masiá
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación-CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Landscape Chemistry and Environmental Forensics Group, Carretera de Moncada-Náquera km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Andreu
authors.affiliation: Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV) and Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Picó
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013030:Spain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; Mediterranean River; Monitoring; Pesticides; Sediments; Surface waters; Valencian Community