title: [Frequency of Human Papillomavirus in the placenta, in the colostrum and in the umbilical cord blood].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the placenta, in the colostrum and in the umbilical cord blood of parturient women and their newborns assisted at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Hospital of Rio Grande (RS), Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsies were collected from 150 placentas on the maternal side, 150 on the fetal side, 138 samples of umbilical cord blood and 118 of the colostrum. The placenta biopsies were collected from the central and peripheral portions. DNA was extracted according to the manufacturer's protocol and to a reference found in the literature. HPV was detected by the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR-Nested) using primers MY09/11 and GP5/GP6. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. The participants responded to a self-applied questionnaire with demographic and clinical data, in order to characterize the sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV was detected in 4% (6/150) of cases on the mother's side of the placentas, in 3.3% (5/150) on the fetal side, in 2.2% (3/138) in umbilical cord blood and in 0.84% (1/118) in colostrum samples. The vertical transmission rate was 50%. HPV-6 was the low-risk genotype found (60%) and the high-risk genotypes were HPV-16 and HPV-18 (20% each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that HPV can infect the placenta, the colostrum and the umbilical cord blood.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lisiane Ortiz
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Suélen Cavalheiro
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Finger-Jardim
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vanusa Pousada
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: da Hora
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carla Vitola
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Alves
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Maria Barral
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Martinez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003126:Colostrum / Q000821:virology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010920:Placenta / Q000821:virology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult