title: Gentiopicroside prevents interleukin-1 beta induced inflammation response in rat articular chondrocyte.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In traditional Chinese medicine, Gentiana macrophylla Pall have been prescribed for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions. In addition, it is a common Tibetan medicinal herb used for the treatment of tonsillitis, urticaria, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while the flowers of G. macrophylla Pall have been traditionally treated as an anti-inflammatory agent to clear heat in Mongolian medicine. The secoiridoid glycosides and their derivatives are the primary active components of G. macrophylla and have been demonstrated to be effective as anti-inflammatory agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Solvent extraction and D101 macroporous resin columns were employed to concentratethe gentiopicroside. Gentiopicroside cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; the toxicity of gentiopicroside in chondrocytes was reconfirmed using Hoechst staining. Western blotting, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were utilized to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of gentiopicroside prevents interleukin-1 beta induced inflammation response in rat articular chondrocyte.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MTT assay demonstrated that 50, 500, and 1,500 μg/mL of gentiopicroside exhibited no significant toxicity to chondrocytes (P>0.05) after 24h. Using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, RT-PCR, Western blot method to explore the protective effect and mechanism of gentiopicroside on chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. The results showed some pathways of IL-1β signal transduction were inhibited by gentiopicroside in rat chondrocytes: p38, ERK and JNK. Meanwhile, gentiopicroside showed inhibition in the IL-1β-induced release of MMPs while increasing Collagen type II expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study demonstrated that gentiopicroside exhibited a potent protective effect on IL-1β induced inflammation response in rat articular chondrocyte. Thus, gentiopicroside could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of OA.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China. Electronic address: xingxiangzipeng@163.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology for Traditional Chinese Medicines of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PR China.
authors.forename: Guo-Tai
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Xue-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Peng-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology for Traditional Chinese Medicines of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PR China. Electronic address: ry@gszy.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D017364:Collagenases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D024043:Collagen Type II; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; C012997:gentiopicroside; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D017364:Collagenases; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Gentiopicroside; Interleukin-1β; Protective effect; Rat chondrocytes