title: In vivo comparison between the effects of chemically modified hydrophilic and anodically oxidized titanium surfaces on initial bone healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of physical and chemical surface factors on in vivo bone responses by comparing chemically modified hydrophilic sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (modSLA) and anodically oxidized hydrophobic implant surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five modSLA implants and five anodized implants were inserted into the tibiae of five New Zealand white rabbits (one implant for each tibia). The characteristics of each surface were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy before the installation. The experimental animals were sacrificed after 1 week of healing and histologic slides were prepared from the implant-tibial bone blocks removed from the animals. Histomorphometric analyses were performed on the light microscopic images, and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) ratios were measured. Nonparametric comparison tests were applied to find any significant differences (P<0.05) between the modSLA and anodized surfaces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The roughness of the anodized surface was 1.22 ± 0.17 µm in Sa, which was within the optimal range of 1.0-2.0 µm for a bone response. The modSLA surface was significantly rougher at 2.53 ± 0.07 µm in Sa. However, the modSLA implant had significantly higher BIC than the anodized implant (P=0.02). Furthermore, BA ratios did not significantly differ between the two implants, although the anodized implant had a higher mean value of BA (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, the hydrophilicity of the modSLA surface may have a stronger effect on in vivo bone healing than optimal surface roughness and surface chemistry of the anodized surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Hyung
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Kyun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Sung
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, St. Vincent Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Taek-Ka
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kwon
keywords: Animal experimentation; Dental implants; Histology; Osseointegration