title: Cross-sectional study on socio-demographic and clinical correlates of depression among human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in Surat City, Western India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surat has the highest incidence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Gujarat, the main reason being its large migrant population. Mental health in HIV/AIDS has most often been a topic of neglect all over the world. This study attempts to assess the magnitude of depression and the socio-demographic and clinical variables associated with it in HIV-positive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in 270 HIV-positive patients using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; translated and validated in Gujarati and Hindi) along with a questionnaire for eliciting information on socio-demographic and clinical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of depression among HIV-positive patients was 30% with 12.22% having mild depression; 14.07% with moderate depression and 3.7% with severe depression. Bivariate analysis showed that physical pain, physical illness, Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4)<300 cells/mm3, HIV positive spouse, discrimination at hospital, discrimination in society, government setup as the first place of HIV test and broken relationship with spouse after HIV disclosure were significantly associated with depression among the patients. On multiple logistic regression, discrimination at hospital, physical pain and CD4<300 cells/mm3 were found to be the significant predictors of depression among the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-positive patients can be screened by counselors using easy-to-administer scales like BDI, which can be translated and validated into any regional language. A trained psychiatrist should be appointed at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) center to take care of the mental health issues of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Mihir Prafulbhai
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rupani
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER) Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Ajay Bhaskar
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER) Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Raj Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER) Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Prakash B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER) Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Parag S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER) Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Khushali D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Parikh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: BDI validity; Beck depression inventory; HIV; depression; multiple logistic regression