title: A simple method for determination of carmine in food samples based on cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric detection.
abstract: In this paper, a simple and cost effective method was developed for extraction and pre-concentration of carmine in food samples by using cloud point extraction (CPE) prior to its spectrophotometric determination. Carmine was extracted from aqueous solution using Triton X-100 as extracting solvent. The effects of main parameters such as solution pH, surfactant and salt concentrations, incubation time and temperature were investigated and optimized. Calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.04-5.0 μg mL(-1) of carmine in the initial solution with regression coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification were 0.012 and 0.04 μg mL(-1), respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) at low concentration level (0.05 μg mL(-1)) of carmine was 4.8% (n=7). Recovery values in different concentration levels were in the range of 93.7-105.8%. The obtained results demonstrate the proposed method can be applied satisfactory to determine the carmine in food samples.
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 68149-89468, Khorramabad, Iran. Electronic address: rouhollahheydari@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rouhollah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heydari
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zarabi
mesh_terms: D002329:Carmine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D017830:Octoxynol; D002329:Carmine
keywords: Carmine; Cloud point extraction; Food samples; Spectrophotometric; Triton X-100