title: Fundus Tessellation: Prevalence and Associated Factors: The Beijing Eye Study 2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence of fundus tessellation and its associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals with a mean age of 64.6±9.8 years (range, 50-93 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. By using 45° color fundus photographs of the macula and optic disc, fundus tessellation, defined as variation in the visibility of the large choroidal vessels, was differentiated into 3 grades.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fundus tessellation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assessment of fundus tessellation was available for 3442 individuals (99.6%) or 6789 eyes (98.6%). In multivariate analysis, a higher degree of fundus tessellation (mean, 0.84±0.79) was associated with older age (P < 0.001; standardized correlation coefficient beta, 0.14), male sex (P < 0.001; beta, -0.08), lower body mass index (P = 0.04; beta, 0.03), worse best-corrected visual acuity (P < 0.001; beta, 0.05), thinner subfoveal choroidal thickness (P < 0.001; beta, -0.51), longer axial length (P < 0.001; beta, 0.11), larger parapapillary beta zone (P < 0.001; beta, 0.08), lower prevalence of intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (P = 0.02; beta, -0.04), and lower prevalence of late AMD (P = 0.007; beta, -0.04). If parapapillary beta zone was dropped, higher glaucoma prevalence (P = 0.003) was associated with a higher degree of fundus tessellation. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and retinal vein occlusions, mean blood pressure, and intraocular pressure were not (P > 0.10) associated with fundus tessellation. In a reverse manner, thinner subfoveal choroidal thickness was associated with a higher degree of fundus tessellation (P < 0.001; beta, -0.49) in the multivariate analysis. Subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased from 322±90 μm (95% confidence interval [CI], 317-327) in eyes without fundus tessellation to 229±80 μm in eyes with grade 1, to 122±52 μm in eyes with grade 2, and to 81±37 μm in eyes with grade 3 of fundus tessellation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fundus tessellation is a surrogate for choroidal thinness and may be a clinical sign for a leptochoroid. After adjusting for ocular and systemic parameters, fundus tessellation also is associated with a larger parapapillary beta zone and higher glaucoma prevalence, and a lower prevalence of intermediate and late AMD. Its association with lower visual acuity warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan Ni
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ya Xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: tr_weiwenbin@163.com.
authors.forename: Wen Bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Seegartenklinik Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jost B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014505:Urban Population; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology