title: Formative Assessment of Ophthalmology Problem-Based Learning Tutorials During Undergraduate Medical Training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the major challenges lies in the use of strategies to assess students working in small groups. The assessment by tutors and peers, and self-assessment by students appear to be integral parts of problem-based-learning (PBL) tutorials. Our study aimed to analyze the formative assessment scores by students themselves, their tutor and peers during undergraduate ophthalmology tutorials.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred undergraduate students' self-assessment made during ophthalmology PBL tutorials were compared with that made by their tutor and student peers. At the end of every session, each student and student peers were given an assessment form dealing with criteria like responsibility, information processing, communication, critical analysis and self-awareness. The questionnaires were filled using the 5-point Likert scale. The tutor's assessment was made using the same criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant positive correlations between self-assessment and tutor assessment in regard to participation in PBL session (P = 0.01), punctuality for each session (P ≤ 0.001) and bring new information (P = 0.001). There was a positive correlation between self-assessment and peer assessment regarding active participation (P = 0.02) and bringing new information (P = 0.003). However, there was no significant correlation between the overall scores given by selves and those by peers and the tutor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Students tended to overrate themselves. The self-assessment scores were generally higher than those given by their tutor and peers. To foster evidence-based practice of ophthalmology, the information acquisition skills need to be improved.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of *Ophthalmology, †Community Medicine, and ‡Orthopedics, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Soumendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.forename: Kay Thi
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Myint
authors.forename: Htoo Htoo Kyaw
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Soe
authors.forename: Simerjit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh