title: Synthetic Nano- and Micromachines in Analytical Chemistry: Sensing, Migration, Capture, Delivery, and Separation.
abstract: Synthetic nano- and microscale machines move autonomously in solution or drive fluid flows by converting sources of energy into mechanical work. Their sizes are comparable to analytes (sub-nano- to microscale), and they respond to signals from each other and their surroundings, leading to emergent collective behavior. These machines can potentially enable hitherto difficult analytical applications. In this article, we review the development of different classes of synthetic nano- and micromotors and pumps and indicate their possible applications in real-time in situ chemical sensing, on-demand directional transport, cargo capture and delivery, as well as analyte isolation and separation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; email: tem5@psu.edu , asen@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sambeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Vinita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Mallouk
authors.forename: Ayusman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D056246:Chemistry, Analytic; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D055616:Microtechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: chemical sensing; chemotaxis; micropumps; nano- and micromotors; on-demand delivery