title: Long-term outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in a well defined region of the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study long-term, whole population 'real-world' clinical outcomes of ranibizumab therapy in treatment-naïve eyes for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collected prospectively from a single centre serving a defined population using an electronic medical record included: demographics, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity (ETDRS VA) at all visits, injection dates, central 1 mm retinal thickness, and operative and postoperative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1483 eyes from 1278 patients were included in this study. The median age at the time of the patient's first injection was 82.5 years, 64.9% of patients were female, and another ocular pathology was present in 7.3% eyes. The baseline VA was 23-39, 40-54, 55-70 and >70 ETDRS letters for 17.3%, 23.1%, 42.7% and 16.9% of eyes, respectively. The median VA in all baseline VA groups improved after the loading phase but declined back to the baseline level by 2-5 years. The rate of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection was 1 in 2124 injections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These long-term real-world data demonstrate that in general VA increases during the loading phase but returns to near baseline levels after 2-5 years of treatment for each baseline VA category. Patients should be identified and treated as early as possible, since presenting VA predicts the VA maintained after 5 years of treatment. National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidance advising treatment only for eyes with vision below 70 letters does not promote best long-term VA outcomes for patients.
authors.affiliation: Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK.
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buckle
authors.affiliation: Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK.
authors.forename: Paul H J
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Donachie
authors.affiliation: Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000069579:Ranibizumab