title: Multilayered Thin Films from Boronic Acid-Functional Poly(amido amine)s As Drug-Releasing Surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of poly(amido amine)-based multilayered thin films in surface mediated drug release.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multilayered thin films were prepared from copolymers of phenylboronic acid-functional poly(amido amine)s and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) in the presence of Alizarin Red S (ARS) as a reporter molecule. Multilayer buildup and ARS incorporation were evaluated with UV-vis spectroscopy. Glucose responsiveness of the multilayers was investigated. Finally, cellular uptake of ARS by COS-7 cells grown on the films was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multilayers based on alcohol containing polymers (ABOL-BA-PAA#ChS + ARS) displayed higher ARS incorporation than multilayers based on amine-containing polymers (DAB-BA-PAA#ChS + ARS). At physiological pH, a swift initial release of up to ~40% of the ARS content was observed during the first 12 h of incubation, followed by a much slower, gradual release of ARS. The multilayers were further evaluated by culturing COS-7 cells on top of multilayer-coated well plates. Cellular uptake of the fluorescent ARS-boronate ester was quantified through flow cytometry, and a maximum uptake of up to 30% was observed. Confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of ARS-boronate ester-containing particles in the nuclei of cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigated multilayered thin films are effective in surface-mediated delivery of the model compound ARS. These multilayered surfaces are promising as drug-releasing delivery surface for coating stents, prostheses, and other implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sry D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hujaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands. J.F.J.Engbersen@utwente.nl.
authors.forename: Johan F J
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Engbersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands. j.m.j.paulusse@utwente.nl.
authors.forename: Jos M J
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Paulusse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D019556:COS Cells; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001897:Boronic Acids; D004337:Drug Carriers; C531249:Poly(amidoamine); D011073:Polyamines; C004468:Alizarin Red S; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; C010686:benzeneboronic acid
keywords: biodegradable polymers; chondroitin sulfate; dynamic covalent chemistry; layer-by-layer assembly; poly(vinyl alcohol)