title: Prenatal exposure to lead in relation to risk of preterm low birth weight: A matched case-control study in China.
abstract: We investigated the association between prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) and the risk of preterm low birth weight (PLBW). Pb concentrations in maternal urine collected at birth from 408 subjects (102 cases and 306 matched controls) were analyzed and adjusted by creatinine. The median Pb concentration in the PLBW cases (10.60μgPb/g creatinine) was higher than that of the controls (7.28μgPb/g creatinine). An adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.96 (95% CI=1.49-5.87) for PLBW was observed when the highest tertile was compared to the lowest tertile of Pb levels. The association was more pronounced among female infants (adjusted OR=3.67 for the highest tertile; 95% CI=1.35-9.93) than male infants (adjusted OR=1.91 for the highest tertile; 95% CI=0.74-4.95). Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to levels of Pb encountered today in China is associated with an elevated risk of PLBW.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.|Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT USA.
authors.forename: Bryan A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bassig
authors.affiliation: Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Aifen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Youjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Macheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Macheng, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhengkuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Ezhou Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuanxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaofu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weiyan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT USA.
authors.forename: Tongzhang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shunqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007854:Lead / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead
keywords: Lead; Maternal urine; Prenatal exposure; Preterm birth