title: Participation in college laboratory research apprenticeships among students considering careers in medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the prevalence of college laboratory research apprenticeship (CLRA) participation among students considering medical careers and to examine the relationship between CLRA participation and medical-school acceptance among students who applied to medical school.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of: 1) CLRA participation in a national cohort of 2001-2006 Pre-Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) Questionnaire (PMQ) respondents and 2) among those PMQ respondents who subsequently applied to medical school, medical-school acceptance by June 2013, reporting adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 213,497 PMQ respondents in the study sample (81.2% of all 262,813 PMQ respondents in 2001-2006), 72,797 (34.1%) reported CLRA participation. Each of under-represented minorities in medicine (URM) race/ethnicity (vs. white, aOR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), Asian/Pacific Islander race/ethnicity (vs. white, aOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.17-1.22), and high school summer laboratory research apprenticeship (HSLRA) participation (aOR: 3.95; 95% CI: 3.84-4.07) predicted a greater likelihood of CLRA participation. Of the 213,497 PMQ respondents in the study sample, 144,473 (67.7%) had applied to medical school and 87,368 (60.5% of 144,473 medical-school applicants) had been accepted to medical school. Each of female gender (vs. male, aOR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.16-1.22), URM race/ethnicity (vs. white, aOR: 3.91; 95% CI: 3.75-4.08), HSLRA participation (aOR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.19), CLRA participation (aOR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.09-1.15), college summer academic enrichment program participation (aOR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.21-1.31), and higher MCAT score (per point increase, aOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.30-1.31) predicted a greater likelihood of medical-school acceptance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About one-third of all PMQ respondents had participated in CLRAs prior to taking the MCAT, and such participation was one of the several variables identified that were independently associated with medical-school acceptance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; andrioled@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Dorothy A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Andriole
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University School fo Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Donna B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Jeffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Curriculum, Instruction and Special Education, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Tai
mesh_terms: D002321:Career Choice; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044469:Racial Groups; D012106:Research / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012570:School Admission Criteria / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014495:Universities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: medical-school admissions; medical-student diversity; medical-student selection criteria; pre-medical education; student research apprenticeships