title: [Laboratory practices: diagnostics and antibiotics resistance testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Germany].
abstract: Recent years have seen a world-wide increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in cases of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). NG infection is not notifiable in Germany and there is a lack of information available about the spread and AMR of NG infections. The objective of the study was to provide information on diagnostic methods and AMR testing in cases of NG infections in German laboratories. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Germany between June and August 2013 using an online questionnaire. Laboratories performing NG diagnostics were identified and described with regard to the diagnostic methods used, the number of tests performed, the antibiotics tested and the AMR observed, in addition to general laboratory information. In total, 188 of the 521 participating laboratories performed NG diagnostics; these were included in the further statistical analysis. 92.6 % of the 188 laboratories performed culture. A median of 60 (IQR 15-270) samples per quarter (SPQ) were tested, with an overall positivity rate of 4.1 and 6.9 % among men. Most (82.1 %) of the 151 laboratories performing NG culture tested for AMR as well. The most frequently tested antibiotics were ciprofloxacin (94.8 %), penicillin (93.1 %), doxycycline (70.0 %) and ceftriaxone (67.2 %). The most frequently observed AMR ever were those against ciprofloxacin (87.1 %), penicillin (78.3 %), doxycycline (56.6 %) and azithromycin (35.1 %; all percentages refer to laboratories). The laboratories used different standards regarding susceptibility criteria. The emergence and spread of AMR shows that it is crucial to assess and monitor the scope and trends of multidrug-resistant gonorrhea. The data collected on diagnostic methods and AMR testing in cases of NG infections in German laboratories constitute an important basis for future monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Fachgebiet HIV/AIDS und andere sexuell oder durch Blut übertragbare Infektionen, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland. LoenenbachA@rki.de.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loenenbach
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Fachgebiet HIV/AIDS und andere sexuell oder durch Blut übertragbare Infektionen, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dudareva-Vizule
authors.affiliation: Konsiliarlabor für Gonokokken, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Rudower Straße 48, 12351 Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buder
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Fachgebiet HIV/AIDS und andere sexuell oder durch Blut übertragbare Infektionen, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sailer
authors.affiliation: Konsiliarlabor für Gonokokken, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Rudower Straße 48, 12351 Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kohl
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Fachgebiet HIV/AIDS und andere sexuell oder durch Blut übertragbare Infektionen, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bremer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D059021:Laboratory Proficiency Testing / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents