title: The burden of dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury among hospitalized adults with HIV infection: a nationwide inpatient sample analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy ('dialysis-requiring AKI') and the impact on in-hospital mortality among hospitalized adults with HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal analysis of a nationally representative administrative database.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database, a large, nationally representative sample of inpatient hospital admissions, to identify all adult hospitalizations with an associated diagnosis of HIV infection from 2002 to 2010. We analysed temporal trends in the incidence of dialysis-requiring AKI and the associated odds of in-hospital mortality. We also explored potential reasons behind temporal changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 183 0041 hospitalizations with an associated diagnosis of HIV infection, the proportion complicated by dialysis-requiring AKI increased from 0.7% in 2002 to 1.35% in 2010. This temporal rise was completely explained by changes in demographics and an increase in concurrent comorbidities and procedure utilization. The adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality associated with dialysis-requiring AKI also increased over the study period, from 1.45 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.97-2.12] in 2002 to 2.64 (95% CI 2.04-3.42) in 2010.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the incidence of dialysis-requiring AKI among hospitalized adults with HIV infection continues to increase, and that severe AKI remains a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality in this population. The increased incidence of dialysis-requiring AKI was largely explained by ageing of the HIV population and increasing prevalence of chronic non-AIDS comorbidities, suggesting that these trends will continue.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine bDepartment of Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York cDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Oschner Medical Center, New Orleans, Los Angeles dDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee eDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas fDepartment of Medicine, St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center at Mount Sinai, New York gDivision of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, New York, USA. *Girish N. Nadkarni and Achint A. Patel equally contributed to the article.
authors.forename: Girish N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.forename: Achint A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Rabi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yacoub
authors.forename: Alexandre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Benjo
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Konstantinidis
authors.forename: Narender
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Annapureddy
authors.forename: Shiv Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Priya K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Simoes
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.forename: Madhav C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult