title: CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN CAUCASIAN PATIENTS WITH LONGSTANDING CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the frequency of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in Caucasian patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective consecutive series of 272 eyes (136 patients) who were diagnosed as having chronic CSC based on clinical and multimodal fundus imaging findings and documented disease activity for at least 6 months. The CNVs were mainly determined by indocyanine-green angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were evaluated and followed for a maximum of 6 years, with an average follow-up of 14 ± 12 months. Distinct CNV was identified in 41 eyes (34 patients). Based on fluorescein angiography, 37 eyes showed occult with no classic CNV, 3 eyes showed predominantly classic and 1 eye had a disciform CNV. Furthermore, indocyanine-green angiography revealed polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy lesions, in 27 of the 37 eyes, classified as occult CNV on fluorescein angiography. In total, 17.6% of our patients with chronic CSC were found to have CNV that upon indocyanine-green angiography were recognized as being polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series of Caucasian patients, we found a significant correlation between chronic CSC and CNV, in which the majority of patients with CNV were found to have polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Our findings suggest that indocyanine-green angiography is an indispensable tool in the investigation of chronic CSC.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Surgical Science, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; †New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and ‡Academic Medical Center, Ophthalmology Department,University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peiretti
authors.forename: Daniela C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caminiti
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mura
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green