title: Mesenchymal stromal cells and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of multipotent cells that can be isolated from various human tissues and culture-expanded ex vivo for clinical use. Due to their immunoregulatory properties and their ability to secrete growth factors, MSCs play a key role in the regulation of hematopoiesis and in the modulation of immune responses against allo- and autoantigens. In light of these properties, MSCs have been employed in clinical trials in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to facilitate engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and to prevent graft failure, as well as to treat steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The available clinical evidence derived from these studies indicates that MSC administration is safe. Moreover, promising preliminary results in terms of efficacy have been reported in some clinical trials, especially in the treatment of acute GvHD. In this review we critically discuss recent advances in MSC therapy by reporting on the most relevant studies in the field of HSCT.
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Ester
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: W.E.Fibbe@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Willem E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Fibbe
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Engraftment; Graft-versus-host disease; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Immunoregulatory properties; Mesenchymal stromal cells