title: Defining Blood Processing Parameters for Optimal Detection of γ-H2AX Foci: A Small Blood Volume Method.
abstract: Biodosimetric methods used to measure the effects of radiation are critical for estimating the health risks to irradiated individuals or populations. The direct measurement of radiation-induced γ-H2AX foci in peripheral blood lymphocytes is one approach that provides a useful end point for triage. Despite the documented advantages of the γ-H2AX assay, there is considerable variation among laboratories regarding foci formation in the same exposure conditions and cell lines. Taking this into account, the goal of our study was to evaluate the influence of different blood processing parameters on the frequency of γ-H2AX foci and optimize a small blood volume protocol for the γ-H2AX assay, which simulates the finger prick blood collection method. We found that the type of fixative, temperature and blood processing time markedly affect the results of the γ-H2AX assay. In addition, we propose a protocol for the γ-H2AX assay that may serve as a potential guideline in the event of large-scale radiation incidents.
authors.affiliation: a  Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland;
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wojewodzka
authors.affiliation: a  Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland;
authors.forename: Sylwester
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.affiliation: a  Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland;|b  Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruszewski
authors.affiliation: a  Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland;
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sikorska
authors.affiliation: c  Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wroclaw, 0-204 Wroclaw, Poland; and.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewicki
authors.affiliation: d  Jan Kochanowski University, Institute of Biology, Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lisowska
authors.affiliation: d  Jan Kochanowski University, Institute of Biology, Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wegierek-Ciuk
authors.affiliation: d  Jan Kochanowski University, Institute of Biology, Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.affiliation: a  Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland;|d  Jan Kochanowski University, Institute of Biology, Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lankoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001793:Blood Preservation; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D005260:Female; D006657:Histones / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013696:Temperature; D000071857:Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C498301:TP53BP1 protein, human; D000071857:Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1