title: The protective effects of aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds in paracetamol induced nephrotoxicity in male wistar rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of drug induced nephrotoxicity. The study aimed to determine the nephroprotective and ameliorative effects of Carica papaya seed extract in paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To carry out phytochemical screening of Carica papaya, measure serum urea, creatinine and uric acid and describe the histopathological status of the kidneys in the treated and untreated groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phytochemical screening of the extract was done. Thirty two adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n= 8 in each group). Group A (control) animals received normal saline for seven days, group B (paracetamol group) received normal saline, and paracetamol single dose on the 8th day. Group C received Carica papaya extract (CPE) 500 mg/kg, and paracetamol on the 8th day, while group D, rats were pretreated with CPE 750 mg/kg/day,and paracetamol administration on the 8th day. Samples of kidney tissue were removed for histopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening of Carica papaya showed presence of nephroprotective pytochemicals. Paracetamol administration resulted in significant elevation of renal function markers. CPE ameliorated the effect of paracetamol by reducing the markers as well as reversing the paracetamol-induced changes in kidney architecture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carica papaya contains nephroprotective phytochemicals and may be useful in preventing kidney damage induced by paracetamol.
authors.affiliation: Mbarara university of science and technology, Physiology.
authors.forename: Madinah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naggayi
authors.affiliation: Mbarara university of science and technology, Physiology.
authors.forename: Nozmo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukiibi
authors.affiliation: Ahmad Bello University, Physiology.
authors.forename: Ezekiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iliya
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D029441:Carica / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D000082:Acetaminophen
keywords: kidney; papaya; paracetamol