title: Electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide on platinum-containing tetrahedral amorphous carbon sensors and evaluation of their biofouling properties.
abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is the product of various enzymatic reactions, and is thus typically utilized as the analyte in biosensors. However, its detection with conventional materials, such as noble metals or glassy carbon, is often hindered by slow kinetics and biofouling of the electrode. In this study electrochemical properties and suitability to peroxide detection as well as ability to resist biofouling of Pt-doped ta-C samples were evaluated. Pure ta-C and pure Pt were used as references. According to the results presented here it is proposed that combining ta-C with Pt results in good electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 oxidation with better tolerance towards aqueous environment mimicking physiological conditions compared to pure Pt. In biofouling experiments, however, both the hybrid material and Pt were almost completely blocked after immersion in protein-containing solutions and did not produce any peaks for ferrocenemethanol oxidation or reduction. On the contrary, it was still possible to obtain clear peaks for H2O2 oxidation with them after similar treatment. Moreover, quartz crystal microbalance experiment showed less protein adsorption on the hybrid sample compared to Pt which is also supported by the electrochemical biofouling experiments for H2O2 detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Noora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tujunen
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaivosoja
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, PO Box 16200, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Protopopova
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, PO Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Valle-Delgado
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, PO Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Österberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, PO Box 16200, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland. Electronic address: tomi.laurila@aalto.fi.
authors.forename: Tomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laurila
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D057219:Biofouling; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010984:Platinum; D002244:Carbon; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Biofouling; Hydrogen peroxide; Platinum; Sensor; Tetrahedral amorphous carbon