title: Endophthalmitis today: a multispecialty ophthalmology department perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To portray the current scene of endophthalmitis in a multispecialty ophthalmology department regarding etiologies and treatment guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with endophthalmitis or suspected endophthalmitis from 2009 to 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 24 eyes were diagnosed with endophthalmitis or suspected endophthalmitis during a 4-year period. The etiologies included endogenous endophthalmitis (6), blebitis (3), Ahmed valve implantation (3, 2 of them with late infection), postcataract surgery (3), intravitreal injections (4), penetrating injury (2), and other surgical procedures (3). Of the postcataract surgery cases, 1 was a congenital cataract surgery, and 2 were referrals. There were no endophthalmitis cases in 4603 adults undergoing cataract surgery in our department during this period. There were 14 positive cultures: 1 was candida and the rest bacteria. Ten of the bacteria cases were Gram-positive cocci (predominantly strep species), 3 were Gram-negative, and coagulase negative staphylococci were detected in 2 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates a significant change in the case mix of endophthalmitis. The past leading cause, cataract surgery, was dramatically reduced, and intravitreal injections became a major cause. The change in etiologies, and possibly in the microbial flora, warrants reconsideration of the rules that guided the management of endophthalmitis since the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study.
authors.affiliation: Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan - Israel.
authors.forename: Elad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben Artsi
authors.affiliation: Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan - Israel.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan - Israel.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinori
authors.affiliation: Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan - Israel.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moisseiev
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine; D009885:Ophthalmology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects