title: n-3 fatty acids reduce plasma 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolism of arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylase leads to the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) that regulates vascular function, sodium homeostasis and blood pressure (BP). Supplementation with n-3 fatty acids is known to alter arachidonic acid metabolism and reduce the formation of the lipid peroxidation products F2-isoprostanes, but the effect of n-3 fatty acids on 20-HETE has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We previously reported a significant effect of n-3 fatty acids but not coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) to reduce BP in a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention, wherein patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were randomized to n-3 fatty acids (4 g), CoQ (200 mg), both supplements or control (4 g olive oil), daily for 8 weeks. This study examined the effect of n-3 fatty acids on plasma and urinary 20-HETE in the same study, as well as plasma and urinary F2-isoprostanes, and relate these to changes in BP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-four patients completed the 8-week intervention. n-3 fatty acids but not CoQ significantly reduced plasma 20-HETE (P = 0.001) and F2-isoprostanes (P < 0.001). In regression models adjusted for BP at baseline, postintervention plasma 20-HETE was a significant predictor of the fall in SBP (P < 0.0001) and DBP (P < 0.0001) after n-3 fatty acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report that n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduces plasma 20-HETE in humans and that this associates with reduced BP. These results provide a plausible mechanism for the reduction in BP observed in patients with CKD following n-3 fatty acid supplementation.
authors.affiliation: aSchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia bDepartment of Nephrology and Transplantation, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Barden
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Beilin
authors.forename: Ian B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Puddey
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Ashley B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Irish
authors.forename: Trevor A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; C055987:20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid