title: Pediatric Orbital Blow-Out Fractures: Surgical Outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the features, timing of intervention, complications, and outcomes of patients who underwent surgery for pediatric orbital blow-out fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective case review studying all cases of pediatric orbital blow-out fractures that underwent surgical intervention from 2000 to 2009 in a tertiary ophthalmic center in Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case notes review of all cases of pediatric orbital blow-out fractures repaired surgically was carried out for demographics, time to intervention, and outcome. How the various factors may affect the outcome was statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 23 patients were reviewed. There were 21 patients (91.3%) with floor fractures, 1 (4.3%) with medial wall fracture, and 1 (4.3%) with combined medial wall and floor fracture. Of the 21 cases of floor fracture, 20 cases had radiological images available for review, 17 (85%) were linear, and 3 (15%) were open. Patients with open fractures were older with a mean age of 14.0 years as compared with 12.6 years in those with linear fractures. The mean duration from injury to intervention was 13.0 days. Preoperatively, 14 (60.9%) had diplopia, but only 4 cases (17.4%) had diplopia in extreme gaze at the last follow-up after surgery (18 months). Outcome was not affected by age, duration between injury and intervention, type of fracture, and nature of implants used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that pediatric orbital blow-out fractures had good outcomes. It might also suggest the possibility of not having to manage all linear fractures as a surgical emergency.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore; †Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jamie Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Sundar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangadhara
authors.forename: Wong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wanling
authors.forename: Shantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amrith