title: Phenotypic and evolutionary implications of modulating the ERK-MAPK cascade using the dentition as a model.
abstract: The question of phenotypic convergence across a signalling pathway has important implications for both developmental and evolutionary biology. The ERK-MAPK cascade is known to play a central role in dental development, but the relative roles of its components remain unknown. Here we investigate the diversity of dental phenotypes in Spry2(-/-), Spry4(-/-), and Rsk2(-/Y) mice, including the incidence of extra teeth, which were lost in the mouse lineage 45 million years ago (Ma). In addition, Sprouty-specific anomalies mimic a phenotype that is absent in extant mice but present in mouse ancestors prior to 9 Ma. Although the mutant lines studied display convergent phenotypes, each gene has a specific role in tooth number determination and crown patterning. The similarities found between teeth in fossils and mutants highlight the pivotal role of the ERK-MAPK cascade during the evolution of the dentition in rodents.
authors.affiliation: Evo-Devo of Vertebrate Dentition, Institute of Functional Genomics of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marangoni
authors.affiliation: Evo-Devo of Vertebrate Dentition, Institute of Functional Genomics of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.affiliation: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS-40220 F-38043 Grenoble cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tafforeau
authors.affiliation: Development and Stem Cells Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Inserm U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laugel-Haushalter
authors.affiliation: Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0442, USA.
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: 1] Development and Stem Cells Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Inserm U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch, France [2] Faculty of Dentistry, University of Strasbourg, 8 rue St Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France [3] Reference Centre for Orodental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bloch-Zupan
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0442, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Ophir D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Evo-Devo of Vertebrate Dentition, Institute of Functional Genomics of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viriot
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D010780:Photogrammetry; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C425468:Spry1 protein, mouse; C499037:Spry4 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; C118389:Spry2 protein, mouse; C069330:ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 3; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases