title: Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
abstract: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was conducted to examine the relation between fruit and vegetables (FV) consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We searched PubMed and EMBASE up to June 2014 for relevant studies. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated and dose-response relationship was assessed. Thirty-eight studies, consisting of 47 independent cohorts, were eligible in this meta-analysis. There were 1,498,909 participants (44,013 CVD events) with a median follow-up of 10.5 years. The pooled RR (95% confidence interval) of CVD for the highest versus lowest category was 0.83 (0.79-0.86) for FV consumption, 0.84 (0.79-0.88) for fruit consumption, and 0.87 (0.83-0.91) for vegetable consumption, respectively. Dose-response analysis showed that those eating 800 g per day of FV consumption had the lowest risk of CVD. Our results indicate that increased FV intake is inversely associated with the risk of CVD. This meta-analysis provides strong support for the current recommendations to consume a high amount of FV to reduce CVD risk.
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China.|b Department of Infection Control , Macheng People's Hospital , Macheng , Hubei , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yu-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Long-Biao
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fang-Rong
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China.|c Global Health Institute, Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qi-Qiang
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: Fruit; cardiovascular disease; meta-analysis; vegetable