title: Molecular typing of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex from Northeast Mexico.
abstract: Cryptococcosis is caused by members of the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex. Based on molecular identification, these two species have been further differentiated into molecular types. The aim of this work was to characterize clinical cryptococcal isolates recovered from six hospitals in Northeast Mexico from 1995 to 2011. One hundred and sixty-six isolates, which were characterized by biochemical tests and in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole, and M13 PCR fingerprinting, were included in this study. Utilizing phenotypic tests, 153 isolates (92.16 %) were identified as C. neoformans and 13 (7.83 %) as C. gattii. All isolates were susceptible to all antifungals tested. Employing M13 PCR fingerprinting, eight molecular types were detected. VNI was the most common genotype (124 cases; 74.6 %), followed by VNII (15 cases; 9 %), VNIII (8 cases; 4.8 %), VNIV (6 cases; 3.6 %), VGI (6 cases; 3.6 %), VGII (3 cases; 1.8 %), and VGIII and VGIV (2 cases, 1.2 % each). We confirm the presence of C. gattii in clinical isolates in Northeast Mexico, and a high clonal diversity in the studied strains of C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de Los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gloria M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de Los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Néstor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Casillas-Vega
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Gastroenterología y Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de Los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garza-González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de Los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Romel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Bello
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard del Maestro S/N esq. Elias Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, CP 88710, Cd Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gildardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de Los Garza, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesús Ancer
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard del Maestro S/N esq. Elias Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, CP 88710, Cd Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. vbocanegg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Virgilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bocanegra-Garcia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D056285:Cryptococcus gattii / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents