title: Impact of tobacco prices and smoke-free policy on smoking cessation, by gender and educational group: Spain, 1993-2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the effect of tobacco prices and the implementation of smoke-free legislation on smoking cessation in Spain, by educational level, across the period 1993-2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Health Surveys data for the above two decades were used to calculate smoking cessation in people aged 25-64 years. The relationship between tobacco prices and smoking quit-ratio was estimated using multiple linear regression adjusted for time and the presence of smoke-free legislation. The immediate as well as the longer-term impact of the 2006 smoke-free law on quit-ratio was estimated using segmented linear regression analysis. The analyses were performed separately in men and women with high and low education, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No relationship was observed between tobacco prices and smoking quit-ratio, except in women having a low educational level, among whom a rise in price was associated with a decrease in quit-ratio. The smoke-free law altered the smoking quit-ratio in the short term and altered also pre-existing trends. Smoking quit-ratio increased immediately after the ban - though this increase was significant only among women with a low educational level - and then decreased in subsequent years except among men with a high educational level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clear relationship between tobacco prices and smoking quit-ratio was not observed in a recent period. After the implementation of smoke-free legislation the trend in the quit ratio in most of the socio-economic groups was different from the trend observed before implementation, so existing inequalities in smoking quit-ratio were not widened or narrowed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain. Electronic address: enriqueregidor@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Regidor
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain.
authors.forename: Cruz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giráldez-García
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anton E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kunst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003132:Commerce / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013030:Spain; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000191:economics*
keywords: Educational level; Smoke-free legislation; Smoking cessation; Spain; Tobacco prices