title: Origin of microglia: current concepts and past controversies.
abstract: Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), which sit in close proximity to neural structures and are intimately involved in brain homeostasis. The microglial population also plays fundamental roles during neuronal expansion and differentiation, as well as in the perinatal establishment of synaptic circuits. Any change in the normal brain environment results in microglial activation, which can be detrimental if not appropriately regulated. Aberrant microglial function has been linked to the development of several neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, microglia also possess potent immunoregulatory and regenerative capacities, making them attractive targets for therapeutic manipulation. Such rationale manipulations will, however, require in-depth knowledge of their origins and the molecular mechanisms underlying their homeostasis. Here, we discuss the latest advances in our understanding of the origin, differentiation, and homeostasis of microglial cells and their myelomonocytic relatives in the CNS.
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ginhoux
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prinz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers