title: Occult Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Involvement by Parotid Malignancies with Perineural Spread.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize disease presentation and outcomes following surgical treatment of parotid malignancies with occult temporal bone facial nerve (FN) involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series with chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary academic referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty consecutive patients (mean age 58 years; 77% men) who underwent surgery for parotid malignancies with occult perineural involvement of the intratemporal FN were included. Primary outcome measures included margin status and recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of clinical follow-up was 49 months, and the most common presenting symptom was FN paresis (n = 23; 77%) followed by pain (n = 15; 50%). To obtain a proximal FN margin, 27 patients (90%) underwent mastoidectomy, and 3 patients (10%) had lateral temporal bone resection. The intratemporal FN margin was cleared in 26 patients (87%), most commonly in the mastoid segment (60%). Adjuvant therapy was given in 25 patients (83%). Ten patients (33%) experienced locoregional (4; 13%) and/or distant (8; 27%) recurrence at a median of 19 months (mean 26, 2-54 months) following surgery. Locoregional failure was significantly more common in cases with a positive intratemporal FN margin (66% vs 8%; P = .045). Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 83%, 79%, and 72%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perineural invasion of the intratemporal FN by parotid malignancy is uncommon. Normal preoperative FN function does not preclude histopathologic involvement. Temporal bone FN exploration should be considered when a positive margin is encountered at the stylomastoid foramen, as failure to do so is associated with an increased rate of locoregional recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA carlson.matthew@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Neil S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Mara C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Modest
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Janus
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Kerry D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: facial nerve; mastoid; paralysis; parotid; perineural invasion; temporal bone