title: The relationship between depression and generalized anxiety during intensive psychological and pharmacological treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the present study we examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and generalized anxiety symptoms during intensive cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals (n = 157) with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 83), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; n = 29) and their combination (n = 45) who attended an intensive partial hospital treatment program, completed daily self-report measures of depression and generalized anxiety. Treatment included empirically-based cognitive-behavioral interventions in both individual and group format, as well as pharmacotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multilevel linear modeling indicated that for all diagnostic groups, changes in depressive symptoms led to changes in generalized anxiety symptoms to a greater extent than vice versa during treatment. Moreover, changes in depressive symptoms fully mediated changes in generalized anxiety symptoms, whereas changes in generalized anxiety symptoms only partially mediated the changes in depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial hospital setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that depressive symptoms may play a prominent role in the process of change in both MDD and GAD. This has implications for the classification of GAD as well as for choosing early treatment targets for individuals with comorbid MDD and GAD.
authors.affiliation: McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel. Electronic address: iaderka@psy.haifa.ac.il.
authors.forename: Idan M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Aderka
authors.affiliation: McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.affiliation: McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
authors.forename: Rachel B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
authors.forename: Thröstur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Björgvinsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive behavior therapy; Comorbidity; Generalized anxiety disorder; Lower level mediational modeling; Major depressive disorder