title: Development of the Standards of Reporting of Neurological Disorders (STROND) checklist: A guideline for the reporting of incidence and prevalence studies in neuroepidemiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Incidence and prevalence studies of neurologic disorders play an important role in assessing the burden of disease and planning services. However, the assessment of disease estimates is hindered by problems in reporting for such studies. Despite a growth in published reports, existing guidelines relate to analytical rather than descriptive epidemiologic studies. There are also no user-friendly tools (e.g., checklists) available for authors, editors, and peer reviewers to facilitate best practice in reporting of descriptive epidemiologic studies for most neurologic disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The Standards of Reporting of Neurological Disorders (STROND) is a guideline that consists of recommendations and a checklist to facilitate better reporting of published incidence and prevalence studies of neurologic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of previously developed guidance was used to produce a list of items required for incidence and prevalence studies in neurology. A 3-round Delphi technique was used to identify the "basic minimum items" important for reporting, as well as some additional "ideal reporting items." An e-consultation process was then used in order to gauge opinion by external neuroepidemiologic experts on the appropriateness of the items included in the checklist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 38 candidate items, 15 items and accompanying recommendations were developed along with a user-friendly checklist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduction and use of the STROND checklist should lead to more consistent, transparent, and contextualized reporting of descriptive neuroepidemiologic studies resulting in more applicable and comparable findings and ultimately support better health care decisions.
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. derrick.bennett@ctsu.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Derrick A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brayne
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Valery L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Feigin
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barker-Collo
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brainin
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jetté
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karch
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kurtzke
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Pablo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lavados
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Logroscino
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre-Marie
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Preux
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.affiliation: From the Nuffield Department of Population Health (D.A.B.) and Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences (V.L.F.), AUT University, Auckland; Department of Psychology (S.B.-C.), University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department for Clinical Medicine and Preventive Medicine (M.B.), Danube-University, Krems, Austria; Faculty of Population Health Sciences (D.D.), University College London; Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (V.G.), Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (N.J.), Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods (A.K.), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Georgetown University (J.F.K.), Washington, DC; Vascular Neurology and Stroke Unit (P.M.L.), Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo and Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Institute of Neurosurgery, Santiago; Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit (G.L.), Department of Basic Medicine, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University Aldo Moro, Bari; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology presso Fondazione Card Panico (G.L.), Tricase (LE), University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (G.N.), University of Ulm, Germany; Institute of Tropical Neurology (P.-M.P.), University of Limoges, France; and School of Public Health (L.W.S.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Lawrence W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Svenson
mesh_terms: D057189:Checklist; D015331:Cohort Studies; D032921:Consensus; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D009422:Nervous System Diseases; D058028:Research Report / Q000592:standards*