title: Changes in Serum Levels of Myokines and Wnt-Antagonists after an Ultramarathon Race.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regular physical activities have a positive effect on the muscular skeletal system but overstrenuous exercise may be different. Transiently suppressed bone formation and increased bone resorption after participation in a 246-km ultradistance race has been demonstrated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze effects of the Spartathlon race on novel musculoskeletal markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Venous blood samples were obtained before and immediately after the race from 19 participants of the Spartathlon. From 9 runners who were available 3 days after the start blood was drawn for a third time. Serum levels of myostatin, an inhibitor of myogenic differentiation, and its opponent follistatin as well as sclerostin and dickkopf-1, both of them inhibitors of the wnt signaling pathway, and markers of bone turnover were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of myostatin were significantly higher after the race. Serum follistatin only showed a transient increase. Sclerostin levels did not significantly differ before and after the race, whereas dickkopf-1 levels were significantly decreased. At follow-up a decrement of sclerostin and dickkopf-1 levels was seen. Serum cathepsin K levels did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase of serum levels of myostatin appears to reflect muscle catabolic processes induced by overstrenuous exercise. After the short-term uncoupling of bone turnover participation in an ultradistance race seems to initiate a long-term positive effect on bone indicated by the low-level inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kerschan-Schindl
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Hietzing, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Markus M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Thalmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsironi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Föger-Samwald
authors.affiliation: Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiovascular Surgical Research, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meinhart
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skenderi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietschmann
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000097:blood; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D056657:Cathepsin K / Q000097:blood; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D038681:Follistatin / Q000097:blood*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D055435:Myostatin / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood; D011347:Procollagen / Q000097:blood; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015415:Biomarkers; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D024042:Collagen Type I; C501126:DKK1 protein, human; C503233:FST protein, human; D038681:Follistatin; D005819:Genetic Markers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C525911:MSTN protein, human; D055435:Myostatin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011347:Procollagen; C422903:SOST protein, human; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; C047202:procollagen Type I N-terminal peptide; C534130:CTSK protein, human; D056657:Cathepsin K