title: Medical device-induced thrombosis: what causes it and how can we prevent it?
abstract: Blood-contacting medical devices, such as vascular grafts, stents, heart valves, and catheters, are often used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Thrombus formation is a common cause of failure of these devices. This study (i) examines the interface between devices and blood, (ii) reviews the pathogenesis of clotting on blood-contacting medical devices, (iii) describes contemporary methods to prevent thrombosis on blood-contacting medical devices, (iv) explains why some anticoagulants are better than others for prevention of thrombosis on medical devices, and (v) identifies future directions in biomaterial research for prevention of thrombosis on blood-contacting medical devices.
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.|Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Jaffer
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.|Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fredenburgh
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.|Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirsh
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.|Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.|Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Weitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D061807:Catheter Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D062666:Vascular Access Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents
keywords: catheters; factor XI; factor XII; medical devices; thrombosis