title: Chemical profiling and antioxidant activity of Bolivian propolis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propolis is a relevant research subject worldwide. However, there is no information so far on Bolivian propolis. Ten propolis samples were collected from regions with high biodiversity in the main honey production places in Bolivia and were analyzed for their total phenolics (TP), flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant activity. The chemical profiles of the samples were assessed by TLC, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS/MS(n) and NMR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TP, TF, TLC and NMR analysis showed significant chemical differences between the samples. Isolation of the main constituents by chromatography and identification by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS(n) achieved more than 35 constituents. According to their profiles, the Bolivian propolis can be classified into phenolic-rich and triterpene-rich samples. Propolis from the valleys (Cochabamba, Chuquisaca and Tarija) contained mainly prenylated phenylpropanoids, while samples from La Paz and Santa Cruz contained cycloartane and pentacyclic triterpenes. Phenolic-rich samples presented moderate to strong antioxidant activity while the triterpene-rich propolis were weakly active.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High chemical diversity and differential antioxidant effects were found in Bolivian propolis. Our results provide additional evidence on the chemical composition and bioactivity of South American propolis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, 3460000, Talca, Chile.|Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Magister en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Talca, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: Nélida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nina
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, 3460000, Talca, Chile.|Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, 1110939, Chile.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quispe
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Aspee
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Theoduloz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Fármaco-Bioquímicas (IIFB), Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giménez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmeda-Hirschmann
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001838:Bolivia; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D011429:Propolis; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Bolivia; antioxidant; artepillin C; phenylpropanoids; propolis; triterpenes