title: Preoperative evaluation of renal cell carcinoma by using 18F-FDG PET/CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to characterize the FDG uptake of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by the pathological subtype and nuclear grade.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively identified patients who underwent F-FDG PET and subsequent partial or radical nephrectomy for renal tumors. The relationships of the SUV of renal tumor with subtypes, nuclear grade, and clinicopathological variables were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two tumors were analyzed, including 52 low-grade (G1 and G2) and 18 high-grade (G3 and G4) clear cell RCC; 7 chromophobe, 5 papillary, and 1 unclassified RCC; and 9 benign tumors (7 angiomyolipoma and 2 oncocytoma). The SUVs of high-grade clear cell RCC (mean ± SD, 6.8 ± 5.1) and papillary RCC (6.6 ± 3.7) were significantly higher than that of the controls (2.2 ± 0.3). The SUV of high-grade clear cell RCC was higher than that of low-grade tumors (median, 4.0 vs. 2.2; P < 0.001). The optimal SUV cutoff value of 3.0 helped to differentiate high-grade from low-grade clear cell RCC, with 89% sensitivity and 87% specificity. On multiple regression analysis, a high grade was the most significant predictor of SUV for clear cell RCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG uptake higher than that observed in normal kidney tissues suggests a high-grade clear cell RCC or papillary RCC subtype. FDG-PET using SUV may have a role in prediction of pathological grade of renal tumor.
authors.affiliation: From the *Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, †Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, and ‡Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukayama
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: Kuni
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtomo
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Momose
mesh_terms: D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18