title: A narrative review of fathers' involvement during labour and birth and their influence on decision making.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to identify and critically review the research literature that has examined fathers׳ involvement during labour and birth and their influence on decision making.
  
  
  METHODS
  the review follows the approach of a narrative review. Systematic searches of electronic databases Social Services Abstract, Sociological Abstracts, ASSIA, CINAHL Medline, Cochrane library, AMED, BNI, PsycINFO, Embase, Maternity and Infant care, DH-Data and the Kings Fund Database were combined with manual searches of key journals and reference lists. Studies published between 1992 and 2013 examining fathers׳ involvement during intrapartum care were included in the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the findings of this review suggest that fathers׳ level of involvement during labour ranges from being a witness or passive observer of labour and birth to having an active supporting and coaching role. The findings also suggest that there are a number of facilitators and barriers to fathers׳ involvement during labour and birth. There are a limited number of studies that have examined fathers׳ involvement in decision making and specifically how fathers׳ influence decision making during labour and birth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  future research needs to address the gap in the literature regarding fathers׳ involvement and influence on decision making to help midwives and obstetricians understand the process in order enhance the transition to parenthood for women and men.
authors.affiliation: The School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, University Place, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Electronic address: mary.longworth@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Longworth
authors.affiliation: The School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, University Place, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Electronic address: christine.Furber@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Furber
authors.affiliation: The School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, University Place, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Electronic address: sue.kirk@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirk
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010332:Paternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000523:psychology*; D012380:Role; D012938:Social Perception
keywords: Decision-making; Fathers; Involvement; Labour and birth; Narrative review; Women