title: Ectopic liver and gallbladder in a cloned dog: Possible nonheritable anomaly.
abstract: Ectopic liver and gallbladder are rare anomalies usually not accompanied by any symptoms and are found during surgical exploration or autopsy. We aimed to find a cause of this anomaly using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology, which can produce genetically identical organisms. A cloned beagle having ectopic organs was produced and died on the day of birth. Major and ectopic organs were fixed and underwent histologic analysis. SCNT was performed using cells derived from the dead puppy to produce reclones. Normality of internal organs in the original donor dog and recloned dogs was evaluated by computed tomography. While a liver without the gallbladder was located in the abdominal cavity of the cloned dog, a well-defined, reddish brown mass with a small sac was also positioned outside of the thoracic cavity. Histologically, they presented as normal liver and gallbladder. Five reclones were produced, and computed tomography results revealed that the original donor dog and reclones had normal liver and gallbladder structure and location. This is the first report of both ectopic liver and gallbladder in an organism and investigation on the etiology of these abnormalities. Normal organ structure and position in the original donor dog and reclones suggests that the ectopic liver and gallbladder is a possible nonheritable anomaly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Clinical Evaluation, Optipharm, Inc., Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kwang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Clinical Evaluation, Optipharm, Inc., Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Hea
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Dong
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: bclee@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byeong Chun
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002828:Choristoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D019976:Cloning, Organism / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder; D008099:Liver; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Cloning; Dog; Ectopic gallbladder; Ectopic liver; Etiology