title: Oxidation and waste-to-energy output of aluminium waste packaging during incineration: A laboratory study.
abstract: This work reports the oxidation behaviour and waste-to-energy output of different semi-rigid and flexible aluminium packagings when incinerated at 850°C in an air atmosphere enriched with 6% oxygen, in the laboratory setting. The physical properties of the different packagings were determined, including their metallic aluminium contents. The ash contents of their combustion products were determined according to standard BS ISO 1171:2010. The net calorific value, the required energy, and the calorific gain associated with each packaging type were determined following standard BS EN 13431:2004. Packagings with an aluminium lamina thickness of >50μm did not fully oxidise. During incineration, the weight-for-weight waste-to-energy output of the packagings with thick aluminium lamina was lower than that of packagings with thin lamina. The calorific gain depended on the degree of oxidation of the metallic aluminium, but was greater than zero for all the packagings studied. Waste aluminium may therefore be said to act as an energy source in municipal solid waste incineration systems.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones (CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: flopez@cenim.csic.es.
authors.forename: Félix A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones (CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos Pérez
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Román
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones (CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones (CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Alguacil
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D017745:Incineration; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D019064:Product Packaging; D059027:Recycling; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D062611:Solid Waste; D013696:Temperature; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D062611:Solid Waste; D006859:Hydrogen; D000535:Aluminum; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Aluminium packaging; Calorific gain; Flexible packaging; Incineration; Net calorific value; Semi-rigid packaging; Waste packaging