title: Controlled release of injectable liposomal in situ gel loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for the repair of alveolar bone clefts in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to develop and examine a new non-invasive injectable graft for the repair of alveolar bone clefts using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) encapsulated within injectable liposomal in situ gel (LIG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Different liposomal formulations loaded with rhBMP-2 were prepared, and the effects of the preparation methods and lipid content on the efficiency of rhBMP-2 encapsulation within the liposomes were studied. For the preparation of in situ gel, deacetylated gellan gum (DGG) was used, and the in vitro gelation characteristics of the gel were evaluated. In vivo pharmacokinetics and histology were also assessed. Critical size alveolar defects were surgically created in the maxillae of 30 New Zealand rabbits and treated with different injectable formulae, including rhBMP-2 liposomes and in situ gel (rhBMP-2-LIG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that the prepared rhBMP-2-LIG prolonged the release and residence time of BMP-2 within rabbits for more than 7 days. Histomorphometric assessment showed 67% trabecular bone filling of the defects treated using this novel formula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMP-2-LIG is a promising delivery device for the repair of alveolar bone defects associated with cleft deformities.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthodontics , Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia .|c Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University , Beni Suef , Egypt .
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hosny
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthodontics , Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Zuahir A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Murshid
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics , Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alhadlaq
authors.affiliation: e Department of Oral Surgery and.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamani
authors.affiliation: f Department of Restorative Dentistry , Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia , and.
authors.forename: Ghada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.affiliation: g Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hala M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Alkhalidi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthodontics , Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Ahmed R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Afify
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000071556:Cancellous Bone / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D005782:Gels; D008081:Liposomes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2
keywords: Alveolar defect; bone morphogenetic proteins; cleft lip and palate; encapsulation; liposomes