title: The percentage of lepidic growth is an independent prognostic factor in invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature is inconclusive as to whether the percentage of the lepidic component of an invasive adenocarcinoma (AC) of the lung influences prognosis. We studied a population-based series of selected, resected invasive pulmonary ACs to determine if incremental increases in the lepidic component were an independent, prognostic variable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing resection for lung cancer reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway and diagnosed in the period 1993-2002 with a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) (old terminology) (adenocarcinoma in situ, AIS in the new terminology) in the lung were selected. A pulmonary pathologist reviewed all sections and estimated the percentage of the lepidic component. Follow-up of survival was to the end of 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-one patients were identified, 102 had AC with lepidic growth. Of these, 44 had AC with a component of lepidic growth less than 50% and seven had AC with 95% lepidic component or more. One of the latter cases was considered to be AIS. In regression analyses, superior survival was associated with a greater lepidic component (p = 0.041). Mucinous tumors had a worse prognosis than non-mucinous (p = 0.012) in regression analyses, as did increasing age and stage. The five-year observed survival was 69.0% for non-mucinous cases and 66.7% for the group with a lepidic component of 80% or greater.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The percentage of the lepidic component appears to be an independent, significant prognostic factor in a selection of pulmonary AC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway. strtro@yahoo.no.
authors.forename: Trond-Eirik
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.affiliation: Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway. tes@kreftregisteret.no.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rostad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. erstrom@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Erik H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Strøm
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. philiphasleton@gmail.com.|Department of Pathology, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel. philiphasleton@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hasleton
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D065311:Adenocarcinoma in Situ / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009664:Norway; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden