title: Progress in chemical luminescence-based biosensors: A critical review.
abstract: Biosensors are a very active research field. They have the potential to lead to low-cost, rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and miniaturized bioanalytical devices, which exploit the high binding avidity and selectivity of biospecific binding molecules together with highly sensitive detection principles. Of the optical biosensors, those based on chemical luminescence detection (including chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, electrogenerated chemiluminescence, and thermochemiluminescence) are particularly attractive, due to their high-to-signal ratio and the simplicity of the required measurement equipment. Several biosensors based on chemical luminescence have been described for quantitative, and in some cases multiplex, analysis of organic molecules (such as hormones, drugs, pollutants), proteins, and nucleic acids. These exploit a variety of miniaturized analytical formats, such as microfluidics, microarrays, paper-based analytical devices, and whole-cell biosensors. Nevertheless, despite the high analytical performances described in the literature, the field of chemical luminescence biosensors has yet to demonstrate commercial success. This review presents the main recent advances in the field and discusses the approaches, challenges, and open issues, with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing chemical luminescence biosensors and improving their commercial exploitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: http://www.anchem.unibo.it.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roda
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I- 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirasoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michelini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I- 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Fusco
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zangheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cevenini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roda
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simoni
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055096:Optical Devices; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D009696:Nucleic Acids; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Affinity biosensor; Bioluminescence; Chemical luminescence biosensor; Chemiluminescence; Electrogenerated chemiluminescence; Thermochemiluminescence