title: An Analysis of Immunoreactive Signatures in Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is prevalent worldwide and early diagnosis of HCC is critical for effective treatment and optimal prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum was screened first by immunoproteomic analysis for HCC-related tumor associated antigens (TAAs). Selected TAAs were clinically evaluated retrospectively in patients with HCC, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and healthy controls. Levels of autoantibody to the selected TAAs were measured by protein microarrays containing protein antigens of the candidate TAAs. Analyses were done by using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to calculate diagnostic accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two candidate TAAs were assessed by protein microarray analysis in 914 participants with serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) available. Twelve candidate TAAs were statistically different in signal intensity between HCC and controls. Among them, CENPF, HSP60 and IMP-2 showed AUC (area under the curve) values of 0.826, 0.764 and 0.796 respectively for early HCC. The highest prevalence of autoantibody positivity was observed in HCC cases with BCLC tumor stage A, well-differentiated histology and Child-Pugh grade C. Specifically, 73.6% or 79.3% cases of early HCC with negative AFP were positive for autoantibody to CENPF or HSP60.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor-associated autoimmune reactions may be triggered by early stage HCCs. Measurement of serum autoantibody to TAAs may be complementary to AFP measurements and improve diagnosis of early HCC.
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Beijing You-an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qiqi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hongyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yimei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Chenzhen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Minli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bangwei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhongtao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shengtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Beijing You-an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiasheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shengqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D040901:Proteomics; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001323:Autoantibodies
keywords: Autoantibody; Early diagnosis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Serological marker; Tumor associated antigen