title: T2D and Depression Risk Gene Proteasome Modulator 9 is Linked to Insomnia.
abstract: Insomnia increases type-2 diabetes (T2D) risk. The 12q24 locus is linked to T2D, depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety. At the 12q24 locus, the Proteasome-Modulator 9 (PSMD9) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs74421874 [intervening sequence (IVS) 3+nt460-G>A], rs3825172 (IVS3+nt437-C>T) and rs14259 (E197G-A>G) are linked to: T2D, depression, anxiety, maturity-onset-diabetes-of the young 3/MODY3, obesity, waist circumference, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, T2D-macrovascular disease, T2D-microvascular disease, T2D-neuropathy, T2D-carpal-tunnel syndrome, T2D-nephropathy, T2D-retinopathy and non-diabetic retinopathy. PSMD9 SNP rs1043307/rs14259 (E197G-A>G) plays a role in anti-depressant therapy response, depression and schizophrenia. We aimed at determining PSMD9 rs74421874/rs3825172/rs14259 SNPs potential linkage to primary insomnia and sleep hours in T2D families. We recruited 200 Italian T2D families phenotyping them for primary insomnia and sleep hours per night. PSMD9-T2D-risk SNPs rs74421874/rs3825172 and rs1043307/rs14259 were tested for linkage with insomnia and sleep hours. Non-parametric-linkage analysis, linkage-disequilibrium-model analysis, single-SNP analysis, cluster-based-parametric analysis, quantitative-trait and variant-component analysis were performed using Merlin software. To validate data, 1000 replicates were executed for the significant non-parametric data. PSMD9 rs74421874 (IVS3+nt460-G>A), rs3825172 (IVS3+nt437-C>T) and rs1043307/rs14259 (E197G-A>G) SNPs are linked to insomnia in our Italian families.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Rongling
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL [2] Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA [3] Center for Biotechnology and Department of Biology, Temple University's College of Science &Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA [4] Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gragnoli
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: C114476:PSMD9 protein, human; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex