title: Postprandial Responses to Lipid and Carbohydrate Ingestion in Repeated Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Biopsies in Healthy Adults.
abstract: Adipose tissue is a primary site of meta-inflammation. Diet composition influences adipose tissue metabolism and a single meal can drive an inflammatory response in postprandial period. This study aimed to examine the effect lipid and carbohydrate ingestion compared with a non-caloric placebo on adipose tissue response. Thirty-three healthy adults (age 24.5 ± 3.3 year (mean ± standard deviation (SD)); body mass index (BMI) 24.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2, were randomised into one of three parallel beverage groups; placebo (water), carbohydrate (maltodextrin) or lipid (dairy-cream). Subcutaneous, abdominal adipose tissue biopsies and serum samples were collected prior to (0 h), as well as 2 h and 4 h after consumption of the beverage. Adipose tissue gene expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased in all three groups, without an increase in circulating TNF-α. Serum leptin (0.6-fold, p = 0.03) and adipose tissue leptin gene expression levels (0.6-fold, p = 0.001) decreased in the hours following the placebo beverage, but not the nutrient beverages. Despite increased inflammatory cytokine gene expression in adipose tissue with all beverages, suggesting a confounding effect of the repeated biopsy method, differences in metabolic responses of adipose tissue and circulating adipokines to ingestion of lipid and carbohydrate beverages were observed.
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia. aimee.dordevic@monash.edu.|Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia. aimee.dordevic@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Aimee L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dordevic
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia. fpenderg@deakin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Felicity J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Pendergast
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. t.han@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. s.villas-boas@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Silas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villas-Boas
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia. marissa.caldow@unimelb.edu.au.|Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. marissa.caldow@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Marissa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Caldow
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia. a.larsen@latrobe.edu.au.|Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, LaTrobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia. a.larsen@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia. andrew.sinclair@deakin.edu.au.|Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia. andrew.sinclair@deakin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia. d.cameron-smith@auckland.ac.nz.|Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. d.cameron-smith@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cameron-Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001706:Biopsy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects*; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D060766:Drinking Water; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: adipokine; adipose tissue; biopsy; inflammation; postprandial