title: Amplatzer duct occluder II for closure of congenital Gerbode defects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital left ventricle to right atrial communications (Gerbode defects) are extremely rare (0.08%) type of ventricular septal defects. They were traditionally closed by surgery in the past. There are few case reports and small series of acquired and congenital Gerbode defects, closed with various types of devices. Aim of our study is to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and complications of transcatheter closure of congenital Gerbode defects with Amplatzer duct occluder II (ADO II).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve consecutive cases of Gerbode defects, age ranging from 10 months to 16 years (mean 6.7 years), weight ranging from 6.5 kg to 34 kg (mean 19.3 kg), were diagnosed on transthoracic echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transcatheter closure of Gerbode defects was done successfully through retrograde approach with ADO II. No aortic or tricuspid regurgitation or residual shunt occurred in any of the patients. One patient developed transient complete heart block needing temporary pacing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The soft low profile, easily trackable ADO II appears to be ideal for closure of Gerbode defects, as the central cylinder fits in the defect and the soft retention discs on either side, without polyester material, do not impinge on either aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve. We report the successful transcatheter closure of twelve cases of congenital Gerbode defects with ADO II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter closure of congenital Gerbode defects with ADO II is safe, effective, and an attractive alternative to surgical closure. ADO II appears to be tailor made for Gerbode defects, as the success rate is very high and complication rate is very low.
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Vijayalakshmi
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Natraj Setty
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Narasimhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chitra
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Cholenahally N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Manjunath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D061214:Patient Safety; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: complete heart block; device closure; retrograde approach