title: Lipid droplets in activated mast cells - a significant source of triglyceride-derived arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production.
abstract: Mast cells are potent effectors of immune reactions and key players in various inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. The cellular defense response of mast cells represents a unique and powerful system, where external signals can trigger cell activation resulting in a stimulus-specific and highly coordinated release of a plethora of bioactive mediators. The arsenal of mediators encompasses preformed molecules stored in cytoplasmic secretory granules, as well as newly synthesized proteinaceous and lipid mediators. The release of mediators occurs in strict chronological order and requires proper coordination between the endomembrane system and various enzymatic machineries. For the generation of lipid mediators, cytoplasmic lipid droplets have been shown to function as a major intracellular pool of arachidonic acid, the precursor for eicosanoid biosynthesis. Recent studies have revealed that not only phospholipids in mast cell membranes, but also triglycerides in mast cell lipid droplets are a substrate source for eicosanoid formation. The present review summarizes current knowledge about mast cell lipid droplet biology, and discusses expansions and challenges of traditional mechanistic models for eicosanoid production.
authors.affiliation: Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Medical University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: andrea.dichlberger@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dichlberger
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schlager
authors.affiliation: Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Medical University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Petri T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Kovanen
authors.affiliation: Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Medical University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D066292:Lipid Droplets / Q000378:metabolism*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015777:Eicosanoids; D014280:Triglycerides; D016718:Arachidonic Acid
keywords: Adipose triglyceride lipase; Arachidonic acid; Arachidonic acid (PubChem CID: 444899); Docosahexaenoic acid (PubChem CID: 445580); Eicosanoids; Eicosapentaenoic acid (Pubchem CID: 446284); Leukotriene C4 (PubChem CID: 5280493); Linoleic acid (PubChem CID: 5280450); Linolenic acid (PubChem CID: 5280934); Lipid droplets; Mast cells; Oleic acid (PubChem CID: 445639); Prostaglandin D2 (PubChem CID: 448457); Stearic acid (PubChem CID: 5281); Triacsin C (PubChem CID: 9576787); Triglycerides