title: First isolation and characterization of Brucella microti from wild boar.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brucella microti was first isolated from common vole (Microtus arvalis) in the Czech Republic in Central Europe in 2007. As B. microti is the only Brucella species known to live in soil, its distribution, ecology, zoonotic potential, and genomic organization is of particular interest. The present paper is the first to report the isolation of B. microti from a wild boar (Sus scrofa), which is also the first isolation of this bacterial species in Hungary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The B. microti isolate was cultured, after enrichment in Brucella-selective broth, from the submandibular lymph node of a female wild boar that was taken by hunters in Hungary near the Austrian border in September 2014. Histological and immunohistological examinations of the lymph node sections with B. abortus-, B. suis- and B. canis-specific sera gave negative results. The isolate did not require CO2 for growth, was oxidase, catalase, and urease positive, H2S negative, grew well in the presence of 20 μg/ml basic fuchsin and thionin, and had brownish pigmentation after three days of incubation. It gave strong positive agglutination with anti-A and anti-M but had a negative reaction with anti-R monospecific sera. The API 20 NE test identified it as Ochrobactrum anthropi with 99.9% identity, and it showed B. microti-specific banding pattern in the Bruce- and Suis-ladder multiplex PCR systems. Whole genome re-sequencing identified 30 SNPs in orthologous loci when compared to the B. microti reference genome available in GenBank, and the MLVA analysis yielded a unique profile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that the female wild boar did not develop any clinical disease, we hypothesize that this host species only harboured the bacterium, serving as a possible reservoir capable of maintaining and spreading this pathogen. The infectious source could have been either a rodent, a carcass that had been eaten or infection occurred via the boar rooting in soil. The low number of discovered SNPs suggests an unexpectedly high level of genetic homogeneity in this Brucella species.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 2, 1581, Budapest, Hungary. ronai.zsuzsanna@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rónai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, 1143, Budapest, Hungary. zsuzsakreizinger@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zsuzsa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kreizinger
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 2, 1581, Budapest, Hungary. danadam.hu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ádám
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Dán
authors.affiliation: University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA. Kevin.Drees@unh.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Drees
authors.affiliation: University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA. Jeff.Foster@unh.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, 1143, Budapest, Hungary. bkrota@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Krisztián
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bányai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, 1143, Budapest, Hungary. szmarton@vmri.hu.
authors.forename: Szilvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 2, 1581, Budapest, Hungary. szeredil@nebih.gov.hu.
authors.forename: Levente
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szeredi
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 2, 1581, Budapest, Hungary. JanosiSz@nebih.gov.hu.
authors.forename: Szilárd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jánosi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, 1143, Budapest, Hungary. m.gyuranecz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gyuranecz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002002:Brucella / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000382:microbiology*