title: Performance of system consisting of vertical flow trickling filter and horizontal flow multi-soil-layering reactor for treatment of rural wastewater.
abstract: In order to improve nitrogen removal for rural wastewater, a novel two-stage hybrid system, consisting of a vertical flow trickling filter (VFTF) and a horizontal flow multi-soil-layering (HFMSL) bioreactor was developed. The performance of the apparatus was observed under various carbon-nitrogen ratios and water spraying frequencies separately. The maximum removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) for the hybrid system was 92.8% while the removal rates of CODCr, ammonium (NH4(+)-N), and total phosphorus (TP) were 94.1%, 96.1%, 92.0% respectively, and the corresponding effluent concentrations were 3.61, 21.20, 1.91, and 0.33 mg L(-1). The horizontal flow mode for MSL led the system to denitrifying satisfactorily as it ensured relatively long hydraulic retention time (HRT), ideal anoxic condition and adequate organic substrates supply. Also, higher water spraying frequency benefited intermittent feeding system for pollutants removal. Shock loading test indicated that the hybrid system could operate well even at hydraulic shock loadings.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China. Electronic address: yangc@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chunping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D058440:Denitrification; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D058465:Nitrification; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012212:Rheology; D012424:Rural Population; D012987:Soil; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D012987:Soil; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Carbon–nitrogen ratios; Denitrifying; Horizontal flow multi-soil-layering; Intermittent feeding system; Rural wastewater