title: Algorithm for Severe Hallux Valgus Associated With Metatarsus Adductus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiographic angles, such as the intermetatarsal angle, hallux valgus angle, and distal metatarsal articular angle, are commonly used to help guide operative planning for soft tissue and osseous treatment options for hallux valgus. Hallux valgus treatment in the setting of associated metatarsus adductus is less common and not well described. The presence of metatarsus adductus reduces the gap between the first and second metatarsals. Consequently, it complicates the measurement of the first-second intermetatarsal angle and can limit the area available for transposition of the first metatarsal head. A compensatory pronation is also created, which must be compensated for. We present 4 cases of patients that had hallux valgus with severe metatarsus adductus treated operatively, as well as a treatment algorithm.
  
  
  METHODS
  For concomitant correction of both the metatarsus adductus and the hallux valgus, a thorough surgical treatment algorithm was implemented to address the hallux, lesser toe deformities, and pes planus deformity. Postoperatively, the patients were kept non-weight bearing for 6 weeks, followed by gradual weight bearing in a protective boot. Physical therapy was instituted at the start of weight bearing to encourage a return to activities of daily living.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up, patients reported significant relief of their pain symptoms with a narrower and improved appearance of the foot. No recurrence was noted. One patient used a medial arch support but was otherwise symptom free. Radiographic measurements improved on postoperative radiographs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the treatment of hallux valgus with metatarsus adductus, the second and third metatarsals may need to be addressed for the first metatarsal to be laterally transposed adequately. Overall, this comprehensive approach addresses the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot for patients with hallux valgus associated with metatarsus adductus, with successful results.
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Bone and Joint Institute, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA jsharma@hmc.psu.edu.
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Bone and Joint Institute, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Umur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aydogan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D005545:Forefoot, Human / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: distal metatarsal articular angle; hallux valgus; hallux valgus angle; intermetatarsal angle; metatarsus adductus