title: Efficient dermal delivery of retinyl palmitate: Progressive polarimetry and Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the structure and efficacy.
abstract: Over the past decades, there has been a growing interest in dermal drug delivery. Although various novel delivery devices and methods have been developed, dermal delivery is still challenging because of problems such as poor drug permeation, instability of vesicles and drug leakage from vesicles induced by fusion of vesicles. To solve the vesicle instability problems in current dermal delivery systems, we developed materials comprised of liquid crystals as a new delivery vehicle of retinyl palmitate and report the characterization of the liquid crystals using a Mueller matrix polarimetry. The stability of the liquid-crystal materials was evaluated using the polarimeter as a novel evaluation tool along with other conventional methods. The dermal delivery of retinyl palmitate was investigated through the use of confocal Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the permeation of retinyl palmitate was enhanced by up to 106% compared to that using an ordinary emulsion with retinyl palmitate.
authors.affiliation: R&I Center, Cosmax Inc., 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam City, Gyeonggi Province 463-400, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Ryeol
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City 339-700, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nak Cho
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: R&I Center, Cosmax Inc., 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam City, Gyeonggi Province 463-400, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jihui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: R&I Center, Cosmax Inc., 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam City, Gyeonggi Province 463-400, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chun Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: R&I Center, Cosmax Inc., 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam City, Gyeonggi Province 463-400, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moung Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering & Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Miyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering & Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoungae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering & Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kimbm@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: B Moon
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D004224:Diterpenes; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D050866:Liquid Crystals / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate
keywords: Confocal Raman spectroscopy; Dermal delivery; Liquid-crystal emulsion; Mueller matrix polarimeter; Retinyl palmitate