title: Cumulative deficit model of geriatric assessment to predict the postoperative outcomes of older patients with solid abdominal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The geriatric assessment (GA) has proven to be of great value for clinicians treating older patients. However, a clear consensus on the optimal set of GA instruments is lacking, particularly for surgical patients. Therefore, the aim of this prospective study was to compare the prevalence of frailty, depending on the number of incorporated GA domains, and to evaluate its accuracy in predicting postoperative outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five patients aged 65 years and older, qualified for abdominal surgery due to solid cancer, were enrolled. The GA included a wide variety of validated tools that evaluate functional, mobility, nutritional, co-morbidity, polypharmacy, and psychosocial domains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depending on the number of incorporated GA domains the frequency of frailty was 23-97%. The cumulative score rather than individual components of the GA, turned out to be an independent risk factor of 30-day postoperative morbidity. In predicting 30-day "any" and "major" morbidities, the area under the curve was 0.67-0.72 and 0.70-0.82 (model including the severity of the surgery) vs. 0.57-0.66 and 0.50-0.65 (model not including the severity of the surgery), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of incorporated GA domains has a great influence on the prevalence of frailty and on adequate surgical risk assessment. The summary deficit score based on Pre-operative Assessment of Cancer in the Elderly (PACE) or the GA consisting of functional, mobility, cognitive, depression, nutritional, co-morbidity, polypharmacy, and social support assessment domains can predict 30-day postoperative morbidity. However, only models with addition of the severity of surgery show moderate to good predictive value.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian Univeristy Medical College, Pradnicka str. 35-37, 31-202 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kenig
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian Univeristy Medical College, Pradnicka str. 35-37, 31-202 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Olszewska
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian Univeristy Medical College, Pradnicka str. 35-37, 31-202 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zychiewicz
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian Univeristy Medical College, Pradnicka str. 35-37, 31-202 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barczynski
authors.affiliation: Department of Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Montelupich 4, 31-155 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mituś-Kenig
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends
keywords: Frailty; Geriatric assessment; Geriatric oncology; Geriatric surgery; Surgery in the elderly