title: The O'Neill grading system for evaluation of the tympanic membrane: A practical approach for clinical hyperbaric patients.
abstract: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and middle ear barotrauma (MEB) are the two most common complications of clinical hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment. The current grading system, the Teed's Classification, was first described in 1944 with modifications to this system over the years, but none are specific for the evaluation and treatment of patients undergoing clinical HBO2 therapy. Currently, the standard of care is a baseline otoscopic examination performed prior to starting HBO2 therapy. Repeat otoscopy is required for patients having ETD, pain or other symptoms during the compression and/or decompression phase of the treatment. Results from these examinations are used to determine the proper course of treatment for the ETD or MEB. The Teed's classification was not intended to correlate with the consistency of diagnosis, the clinical approach to relieving symptoms or the treatment of the inflicted trauma. It is not a practical tool for the modern hyperbaric team. We describe a newer grading system, the O'Neill Grading System (OGS), which allows simple, practical and consistent classification of ETD and MEB by all members of the clinical hyperbaric medicine team. Based on the O'Neill Grade assigned, evidence supported suggestions for appropriate actions and medical interventions are offered.
authors.forename: Owen J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Erica D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Weitzner
mesh_terms: D001469:Barotrauma / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000293:injuries*; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008488:Medical Illustration; D019720:Otoscopes; D038781:Otoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010781:Photography; D012421:Rupture / Q000145:classification; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000293:injuries*; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation / Q000145:classification