title: Effect of systemic clarithromycin and prednisolone on histamine-induced otitis media in guinea pigs.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study showed that clarithromycin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and, when it is combined with prednisolone, those effects gain strength.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aims to investigate the effects that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of clarithromycin and/or prednisolone have on experimental otitis media in effusion-induced guinea-pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 35-male guinea pigs were randomly divided into five-groups. For the experimental otitis media, intra-tympanic histamine (0.1 ml) was injected into the guinea pigs in all of the groups except the control group. Then, 24-h after the intra-tympanic injections, clarithromycin (15 mg/kg/day) and/or prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) were applied intraperitoneally to the guinea-pigs for 7-days. The biochemical analysis showed an increase in antioxidant capacity and a decrease in oxidant status and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the clarithromycin group and the prednisolone group and especially in the clarithromycin+prednisolone group, as compared to the experimental group (p < 0.05). In the cytokine analysis, lower levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17A and higher IL-10 were found in the clarithromycin, prednisolone, and clarithromycin+prednisolone groups than in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the histologic analyses showed histopathologic changes in the middle ear mucosa of the experimental group, but comparatively fewer-histopathologic changes were observed in the clarithromycin, prednisolone, and clarithromycin+prednisolone groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ear, Nose and Throat MD, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital , Erzurum , Turkey.
authors.forename: Günay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kozan
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aktan
authors.forename: Muhammed Sedat
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sakat
authors.forename: Sezgin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Öner
authors.forename: Adem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006632:Histamine / Q000633:toxicity; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006632:Histamine; D011239:Prednisolone; D017291:Clarithromycin
keywords: Otitis media with effusion; antioxidant; clarithromycin; cytokines; guinea pigs; prednisolone