title: Large and giant skull base meningiomas: The role of radical surgical removal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The large and giant skull base meningiomas are challenging lesions, and the involvement of crucial neurovascular structures needs the surgical removal as the primordial treatment. The authors report on a series of patients with large and giant skull base meningiomas who were treated with the goal of radical removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study including 49 patients with large and giant skull base meningiomas was carried out. Tumors presenting 3 cm or larger were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The meningiomas in the sample included the following types: 10 olfactory groove, 8 sphenoorbital, 8 petroclival, 8 tentorial, 4 clinoidal, 4 cavernous sinus, 3 temporal floor, 2 tuberculum sellae and 2 foramen magnum. The average age was 53 years, the mean follow-up period was 52 months, Simpson Grades I and II were obtained in 75.5%. The overall mortality was 5%. Transient cranial nerve deficits occurred in 32% with definite cranial nerve lesion in 18%. Cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in 14%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical treatment is a mandatory option for large and giant skull base meningiomas. The radical removal is achievable and should be considered an alternative with a good outcome and an acceptable morbidity for such challenge lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Skull Base Surgery, Hospital Ernesto Dornelles, Porto Alegre, RS 90160-093, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Skull Base Surgery, Hospital Ernesto Dornelles, Porto Alegre, RS 90160-093, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Eduardo Peixoto
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: de Freitas
keywords: Meningioma; Simpson grade; skull base; surgical treatment