title: Ultrasonic assessment of the effects of self-assembling peptide scaffolds on preventing enamel demineralization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the effect of self-assembling peptide P11-4 (Curodont Repair, CDR) on bovine enamel remineralization by measuring changes in ultrasonic propagation velocity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six specimens per group were prepared by sectioning bovine teeth into enamel blocks. These blocks were then immersed in lactic acid buffer solution (pH = 4.75) for 10 min twice a day and stored in artificial saliva. Other specimens were first treated with CDR, followed by a 10-min immersion in the lactic acid buffer solution twice a day, before storage in artificial saliva. The propagation time of longitudinal ultrasonic waves was measured using a pulser/receiver. Six specimens were used for each treatment protocol. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference tests (α = 0.05). Specimens were observed using laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sonic velocity was found to decrease with time for specimens stored in the demineralizing solution. On the other hand, increases in sonic velocity were found for specimens treated with CDR. These specimens also exhibited signs of mineral deposition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By measuring the ultrasonic propagation velocity, it can be concluded that CDR application has an ability to promote bovine enamel remineralization.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibasaki
authors.affiliation: a Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.affiliation: a Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.affiliation: a Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008903:Minerals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D008903:Minerals; D009842:Oligopeptides; C000601169:P11-4 peptide; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Enamel; peptide scaffolds; remineralization; ultrasonic velocity