title: The Paraoxonase 1 Gene c.-108C>T SNP in the Promoter Is Associated with Risk for Glioma in Mexican Patients, but Not the p.L55M or p.Q192R Polymorphisms in the Coding Region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms c.-108C>T, p.L55M, and p.Q192R with the risk of glioma in Southeast Mexico. Decreased PON1 activity caused by polymorphisms has been observed in gliomas, thus supporting the theory that PON1 is involved in tumorigenesis in the brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven glioma patients and 58 control individuals were included. Three PON1 polymorphisms were genotyped by real-time PCR allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes: c.-108C>T in the promoter region, p.Q192R and p.L55M, both of which were in the coding region. Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies were assessed in cases and controls to test for statistical associations (STATA 10.2 package).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found for the PON1 c.-108C>T polymorphism between the cases and controls. Compared to the controls the cases were more likely to be CT heterozygous (p =  0.002) or TT homozygous (p = 0.036); similarly cases were more likely to possess a T allele (p = 0.032). In contrast, the p.L55M and p.Q192R polymorphisms did not show significant differences between the glioma cases and controls (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PON1 c.-108C>T polymorphism in the promoter region is associated with genetic risk for glioma. Conversely, p.L55M and p.Q192R polymorphisms in the coding region do not seem to have an influence in this population.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico .
authors.forename: Lizbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González-Herrera
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico .
authors.forename: Pablo Alejandro
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gamas-Trujillo
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Patología, Unidad Médica de alta especialidad del Hospital Regional "Dr. Ignacio García Téllez" del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico .
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Medina-Escobedo
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico .
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oaxaca-Castillo
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico .
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pérez-Mendoza
authors.affiliation: 3 Departamento de Patología del Hospital General Agustín O'Horán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico .
authors.forename: Dayana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Williams-Jacquez
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico .
authors.forename: Thelma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Canto-Cetina
authors.affiliation: 4 Clínica de Mérida, Hospital Privado , Mérida, Yucatán, México .
authors.forename: Rubén Darío
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Vargas-García
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005910:Glioma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human