title: [Clinical evaluation of percutaneous atrial septal defect closer guided by transthoracic echocardiography and/or transesophageal echocardiography].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous closure of the single secundum atrial septal defects (ASD) guided by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and/or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January, 2014 to December, 2014, thirty-two patients with single secundum ASD from Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, were treated with percutaneous closure of ASD guided by TTE or TEE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two patients underwent ASD closure successfully, except one patient showed trivial residual shunts, which disappeared one month later. The remaining 31 patients were subjected to TTE. At once or at the 1st or 3rd month after the procedure, no ASD migration or residual shunts were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous closure of ASD guided by TTE or TEE is a safe and effective surgery method with minimal invasion and can avoid the chest incision and radioscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
authors.forename: Liangwan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
authors.forename: Guican
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
authors.forename: Dongshan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
authors.forename: Qimin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D055989:Septal Occluder Device