title: Xenotransplantation of human cultured parathyroid progenitor cells into mouse peritoneum does not induce rejection reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parathyroid progenitor cells devoid of immunogenic antigens were used for human allotransplantation. Although there were many potential reasons for the expiry of transplant activity in humans, we decided to exclude a subclinical form of rejection reaction, and test the rejection reaction in an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were carried out on 40 conventional male mice in their third month of life. The animals were housed in groups of 10 per cage in 4 cages with fitted water dispensers and fed a conventional diet based on standard pellet food. They were divided into four groups of 10 animals each, three experimental groups and one control group. Identified progenitor cells were stored in a cell bank. After testing the phenotype, viability, and absence of immunogenic properties, the cells were transplanted into mouse peritoneum cavity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals were observed for 9 weeks. At 9 weeks of observation, the mean serum PTH concentration in the experimental groups was 2.0-2.5 pg/ml, while in the control group it did not exceed 1.5 pg/ml. The immunohistochemical assays demonstrated that millions of viable cells with a phenotype identical to the endocrine cells had survived in the peritoneum. Histologic specimens from different internal organs stained for PTH revealed positive cells labelled with anti-PTH Ab in the intestinal lamina, brain, liver, and spleen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present paper we have demonstrated that xenotransplantation may be used as a model for an explanation of the immunogenic properties of cells generated from postnatal organs for regenerative therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ireneusz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nawrot
authors.affiliation: Human Parathyroid Biotechnology Center, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Woźniewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szmidt
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, and Committee for Advanced Therapies, National Ethics Committee on Animal Experimentation.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Śladowski
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Independent Public Healthcare Institution, Piła, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zając
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chudziński
keywords: parathyroid progenitor cells; rejection; xenotransplantation