title: Promoting Physical Activity Through a Manual Wheelchair Propulsion Intervention in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy and feasibility of a multifactorial intervention to increase lifestyle physical activity in nonambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) based on wheelchair optimization, propulsion skill/technique training, and behavioral strategies based on social cognitive theory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial, 3-month postintervention follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Home and general community, and university research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonambulatory individuals with MS (N=14; mean age ± SD, 53.6±8.7y) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG).
  
  
  METHODS
  After baseline testing, the IG participants received custom-fit, ultralightweight manual wheelchairs with propulsion/skills training, followed by 3 months of at-home use with the custom ultralightweight wheelchair and weekly phone calls to deliver support through a multifactorial intervention. The CG participants received no training and used their own wheelchairs at home during this time.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects were assessed at baseline and 3 months later for fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), upper extremity strength (digital handheld dynamometer), and propulsion technique (on a treadmill [0.5m/s] with instrumented wheels). Two 1-week bouts of physical activity were measured in both groups from home with wrist-worn accelerometry at the beginning (IG and CG in own wheelchairs) and end (IG in study wheelchair, CG in own) of the 3-month period of home use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention was well tolerated, and no adverse events were reported. The IG demonstrated increased strength (P=.008) and a trend toward less fatigue (P=.068), both with large effect sizes (d>0.8), as well as reduced application of braking torque during propulsion (P=.003) with a moderate/large effect size (d=.73), compared with the CG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest a 3-month physical activity intervention based on manual wheelchair propulsion and training is safe and feasible for some wheelchair users living with MS and may produce secondary benefits in strength, fatigue, and propulsion technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL. Electronic address: ianrice@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Motl
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology; D014910:Wheelchairs
keywords: Fatigue; Motor activity; Multiple sclerosis; Quality of life; Rehabilitation; Wheelchairs