title: Voice Changes in Elderly Adults: Prevalence and the Effect of Social, Behavioral, and Health Status on Voice Quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of dysphonia and the effect of several risk factors on vocal quality in a representative population of older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals aged 65 and older who underwent laryngoscopy from 2008 to 2010 (N = 3,759).
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of dysphonia and the effect of potential risk factors on voice quality in elderly adults were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of participants was 72.4. The prevalence of dysphonia was 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.4-9.8). There was no significant difference in prevalence according to age. Multivariable analysis after adjusting for age, sex, vocal fold disease, and all variables that were identified in the univariate analysis revealed that urban residence (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.11-3.04), underweight (OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.45-5.38) or normal weight (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.03-2.59), poor (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.19-3.34) or intermediate (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.15-3.78) subjective health status, asthma (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.12-3.86), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.10-5.62), thyroid disease (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.50-6.34), and vocal fold disease (OR = 3.72, 95% CI = 2.16-6.42) were independently associated with dysphonia in elderly adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides valuable information regarding the prevalence of dysphonia and the risk factors that contribute to vocal quality in older adults. These factors are mostly associated with social, behavioral, and underlying health status variables. Multidisciplinary treatment should be considered to improve voice conditions in elderly adults.
authors.affiliation: Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Thyroid Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seungbong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Moo-Song
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Yuhl
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Lyel
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Thyroid Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Korea.
authors.forename: Junsun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Thyroid Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Korea.
authors.forename: Yuh-S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014833:Voice Quality
keywords: aging; geriatric; prevalence; risks; voice