title: Optimization of thiamethoxam adsorption parameters using multi-walled carbon nanotubes by means of fractional factorial design.
abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate significant factors affecting the thiamethoxam adsorption efficiency using oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as adsorbents. Five factors (initial solution concentration of thiamethoxam in water, temperature, solution pH, MWCNTs weight and contact time) were investigated using 2V(5-1) fractional factorial design. The obtained linear model was statistically tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the analysis of residuals was used to investigate the model validity. It was observed that the factors and their second-order interactions affecting the thiamethoxam removal can be divided into three groups: very important, moderately important and insignificant ones. The initial solution concentration was found to be the most influencing parameter on thiamethoxam adsorption from water. Optimization of the factors levels was carried out by minimizing those parameters which are usually critical in real life: the temperature (energy), contact time (money) and weight of MWCNTs (potential health hazard), in order to maximize the adsorbed amount of the pollutant. The results of maximal adsorbed thiamethoxam amount in both real and optimized experiments indicate that among minimized parameters the adsorption time is one that makes the largest difference. The results of this study indicate that fractional factorial design is very useful tool for screening the higher number of parameters and reducing the number of adsorption experiments.
authors.affiliation: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bul. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. Electronic address: sanjar@tf.uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panić
authors.affiliation: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bul. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dušan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rakić
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guzsvány
authors.affiliation: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bul. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Erne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bul. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boskovic
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kónya
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Porous Nanocomposites Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ákos
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Kukovecz
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010078:Oxazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D012996:Solutions; D013844:Thiazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000077922:Thiamethoxam
keywords: Adsorption parameters; Fractional factorial design; Multi-walled carbon nanotubes; Statistical analysis; Thiamethoxam