title: Performance Enhancement: What Are the Physiological Limits?
abstract: Our objective is to highlight some key physiological determinants of endurance exercise performance and to discuss how these can be further improved. V̇o2max remains remarkably stable throughout an athletic career. By contrast, exercise economy, lactate threshold, and critical power may be improved in world-class athletes by specific exercise training regimes and/or with more years of training.
authors.affiliation: Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Food & Nutrition & Sport Science, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Carsten.lundby@uzh.ch.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lundby
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale des Sports de Montagne, Site de l'Ecole Nationale de Ski et d'Alpinisme, Chamonix, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robach
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000531:Altitude; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000379:methods; D010807:Physical Endurance
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid