title: Gender Differences in Psychosocial Factors Associated with HIV Viral Suppression Among African-American Injection Drug Users.
abstract: Research suggests gender differences exist in achieving undetectable viral load (UVL) among persons living with HIV (PLHIV), and that psychosocial health factors may play a role. The present study examined these factors among African-American PLHIV enrolled in the BEACON study. Participants completed self-report surveys and gave biomarker data. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was implemented. Men with moderate religious activity had 1.3 times the likelihood of UVL as men with low religious activity (p < 0.10; N = 199). Men with 1-2 mental illness diagnoses had 1.3 times the likelihood of UVL as men with none (p < 0.05). Women using 1-2 substances had 28 % lower likelihood of UVL than non-using women (N = 122; p < 0.10). Finally, women with frequent doctor-patient communication had 35 % higher likelihood of UVL as women with less doctor-patient communication (p < 0.05). Results suggest that social support, substance use, and mental illness function differently among men and women. Healthcare professionals should employ gender-specific interventions to address and improve HIV health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Lighthouse, 2213 McElderry Street, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. arobin52@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Allysha C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Lighthouse, 2213 McElderry Street, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Knowlton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology*; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D019562:Viral Load
keywords: African–Americans; Gender; HIV/AIDS; Health disparities; Injection drug use; Viral suppression