title: Effect of the sp(2)/sp(3) Ratio in a Hybrid Nanocarbon Thin Film Electrode for Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Fabricated by Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering Equipment.
abstract: The effect of the sp(2)/sp(3) ratio in an unbalanced magnetron sputtered nanocarbon film electrode was studied for determining Cd(2+) and Pb(2+) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The signal-to-noise ratio in the ASV measurement improved as the sp(3) concentration in the carbon film increased because the noise current decreased with the increasing sp(3) concentration. The detection limits with a carbon film containing 50% sp(3) were 0.25 and 1.0 μg L(-1) for Cd(2+) and Pb(2+) with high repeatability (Cd: 4.6% and Pb: 6.4%, n = 3). For a real sample measurement, a pretreatment system combining a photooxidation reactor and a cation exchange column was used to eliminate the interference from EDTA and Cu(2+), which forms a stable complex or alloy with Cd(2+) and Pb(2+). More than 99% of the interference was eliminated, and accurate signal currents for Cd(2+) and Pb(2+) were successfully obtained with the pretreatment system.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasawa
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazato
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torimura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Niwa
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D007474:Ion Exchange; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D055668:Photochemical Processes
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper; D004492:Edetic Acid