title: Factors Affecting Pathogen Survival in Finished Dairy Compost with Different Particle Sizes Under Greenhouse Conditions.
abstract: This study investigated the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in finished dairy compost with different particle sizes during storage as affected by moisture content and temperature under greenhouse conditions. The mixture of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium strains was inoculated into the finished composts with moisture contents of 20, 30, and 40%, separately. The finished compost samples were then sieved into 3 different particle sizes (>1000, 500-1000, and <500 μm) and stored under greenhouse conditions. For compost samples with moisture contents of 20 and 30%, the average Salmonella reductions in compost samples with particle sizes of >1000, 500-1000, and <500 μm were 2.15, 2.27, and 2.47 log colony-forming units (CFU) g(-1) within 5 days of storage in summer, respectively, as compared with 1.60, 2.03, and 2.26 log CFU g(-1) in late fall, respectively, and 2.61, 3.33, and 3.67 log CFU g(-1) in winter, respectively. The average E. coli O157:H7 reductions in compost samples with particle sizes of >1000, 500-1000, and <500 μm were 1.98, 2.30, and 2.54 log CFU g(-1) within 5 days of storage in summer, respectively, as compared with 1.70, 2.56, and 2.90 log CFU g(-1) in winter, respectively. Our results revealed that both Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in compost samples with larger particle size survived better than those with smaller particle sizes, and the initial rapid moisture loss in compost may contribute to the fast inactivation of pathogens in the finished compost. For the same season, the pathogens in the compost samples with the same particle size survived much better at the initial moisture content of 20% compared to 40%.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Junshu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Xiuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000254:growth & development; D006813:Humidity; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008834:Microclimate; D010316:Particle Size; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D008372:Manure