title: Evaluation of tubal microinserts position using 3D ultrasound and pelvic X-ray.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively compare three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D-US) and pelvic X-rays to assess the position of tubal sterilization microinserts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients who underwent tubal sterilization with Essure(®) microinserts in our institution were included. The microinserts'position was evaluated three months after the procedure using 3D-US and pelvic X-rays. Placement on 3D-US was binary categorized as correct or incorrect and the distance between the two devices was reported. The orientation and symmetric deployment of the microinserts and the distance between the proximal parts of the two devices was assessed on pelvic X-rays. Performance of 3D-US and pelvic X-ray were compared using Mac Nemar test. Comparison of the distance between the two devices measured on pelvic X-rays and 3D-US was made with the paired Student t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3D-US images showed microinserts in 93% (41/44). Eighty-six percent (38/44) were correctly positioned on 3D-US and 82% (36/44) on pelvic X-rays. No significant differences between the performances of the two imaging techniques were found. No significant differences for the distance between the two devices measured on pelvic X-ray and 3D-US was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-US is a simple, non-ionizing technique, which appears as a promising alternate technique to pelvic X-rays to assess the correct position of Essure(®) microinserts.
authors.affiliation: Women Medical Imaging Department, Jeanne-de-Flandre Hospital, CHRU de Lille, avenue Eugène-Avinée, 59037 Lille, France. Electronic address: dom83@wanadoo.fr.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moureau
authors.affiliation: Women Medical Imaging Department, Valenciennes Hospital, Lille Nord University, Valenciennes, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Department, Jeanne-de-Flandre Hospital, CHRU de Lille, avenue Eugène-Avinée, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubod
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Department, Jeanne-de-Flandre Hospital, CHRU de Lille, avenue Eugène-Avinée, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lucot
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, EA2694, UDSL, Lille University, Lille, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salleron
authors.affiliation: Women Medical Imaging Department, Jeanne-de-Flandre Hospital, CHRU de Lille, avenue Eugène-Avinée, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Faye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Essure microinserts; Hysterosalpingography; Hysteroscopic sterilization; Pelvic X-ray; Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US)