title: Industry-Related Injuries in the United States From 1998 to 2011: Characteristics, Trends, and Associated Health Care Costs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the trends, correlates, and healthcare costs associated with industry-related injuries across the United States between 1998 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of hospital discharges was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample. We used the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify accidents occurring in industrial settings. Joinpoint regression modeling was used to analyze trends.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the 357,716 inpatient hospitalizations were admissions from the emergency department (55%). Fractures were the most prevalent injuries (48.1%), whereas the lower and upper extremities were the most common injury sites (51.7%). The mean per admission cost of direct medical care was $12,849, with an overall downward trend in injuries during the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive trend analysis of industry-related injuries is valuable to policymakers in formulating targeted strategies and allocating resources to address disparities at various levels.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Preventative and Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine (Dr Fontcha) and Department of Global Health, College of Public Health (Dr Naik), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Drs Spooner, Salemi, Zoorob, and Salihu), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health and Department of Health Policy (Dr Aliyu), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn, and Department of Community and Health Systems (Dr Mogos), School of Nursing, University of Indiana, Indianapolis.
authors.forename: Delphine Solange
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fontcha
authors.forename: Kiara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spooner
authors.forename: Jason L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Salemi
authors.forename: Eknath
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: Muktar H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Aliyu
authors.forename: Mulubrhan F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mogos
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zoorob
authors.forename: Hamisu M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Salihu
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology