title: Tulane virus recognizes sialic acids as cellular receptors.
abstract: The recent discovery that human noroviruses (huNoVs) recognize sialic acids (SAs) in addition to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) pointed to a new direction in studying virus-host interactions during calicivirus infection. HuNoVs remain difficult to study due to the lack of an effective cell culture model. In this study, we demonstrated that Tulane virus (TV), a cultivable primate calicivirus, also recognizes SAs in addition to the previously known TV-HBGA interactions. Evidence supporting this discovery includes that TV virions bound synthetic sialoglycoconjugates (SGCs) and that treatment of TV permissive LLC-MK2 cells with either neuraminidases or SA-binding lectins inhibited TV infectivity. In addition, we found that Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL), a lectin that recognizes the α-2,3 linked SAs, bound LLC-MK2 cells, as well as TV, by which MAL promoted TV infectivity in cell culture. Our findings further highlight TV as a valuable surrogate for huNoVs, particularly in studying virus-host interactions that may involve two host carbohydrate receptors or co-receptors for infection.
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Pengwei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quigley
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xufu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Klassen
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002139:Caliciviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D029901:Maackia / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000821:virology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000378:metabolism; D029322:Norovirus / Q000502:physiology; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D012794:Sialic Acids; C100156:leukoagglutinins, plants; D009439:Neuraminidase