title: Effects of Incentive Spirometry on Respiratory Motion in Healthy Subjects Using Cine Breathing Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness of incentive spirometry on respiratory motion in healthy subjects using cine breathing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten non-smoking healthy subjects without any history of respiratory disease were studied. Subjects were asked to perform pulmonary training using incentive spirometry every day for two weeks. To assess the effectiveness of this training, pulmonary function tests and cine breathing MRI were performed before starting pulmonary training and two weeks after its completion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After training, there were significant improvements in vital capacity (VC) from 3.58±0.8 L to 3.74±0.8 L and in %VC from 107.4±10.8 to 112.1±8.2. Significant changes were observed in the right diaphragm motion, right chest wall motion, and left chest wall motion, which were increased from 55.7±9.6 mm to 63.4±10.2 mm, from 15.6±6.1 mm to 23.4±10.4 mm, and from 16.3±7.6 mm to 22.0±9.8 mm, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two weeks of training using incentive spirometry provided improvements in pulmonary function and respiratory motion, which suggested that incentive spirometry may be a useful preoperative modality for improving pulmonary function during the perioperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katogi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minami
keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Respiratory function tests; Spirometry