title: Effect of perioperative mupirocin and antiseptic body wash on infection rate and causative pathogens in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoperative nasal mupirocin has been shown to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We analyzed the effect of mupirocin plus antiseptic body wash on SSI rate and etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective SSI surveillance was done for patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after implementation of mupirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine/octenidine body wash.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall SSI rate was 8.6% (81 out of 945) for the control and 6.9% (58 out of 842) for the intervention cohort (P = .19). In multivariable analysis, the study protocol was associated with an odds ratio of 0.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.91; P = .015) with regard to any SSI. This effect was exclusively due to a reduction in superficial SSIs and was observed both in patients with preoperative and postoperative treatment initiation. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), the most commonly isolated pathogen, were found in 37% and 48% (P = .19) of patients in the control and the intervention cohort, respectively. CoNS were methicillin resistant in 69% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mupirocin and antiseptic body wash reduced the rate of superficial but not deep or organ/space SSIs. Postoperative patient treatment may be critical in reducing the risk for superficial SSI, presumably due to a reduction of bacterial skin load. A high proportion of SSI was due to methicillin-resistant CoNS and thus not covered by routine perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Zurch Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: kohlerphilipp@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Zurch Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sommerstein
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schönrath
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Zurch Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ajdler-Schäffler
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Zurch Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anagnostopoulos
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Zurch Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tschirky
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Volkmar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Zurch Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kuster
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Zurch Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sax
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000985:Antisepsis / Q000379:methods*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007097:Imines; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013903:Thoracic Surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D007097:Imines; D011725:Pyridines; D016712:Mupirocin; C034213:octenidine; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Chlorhexidine; Coagulase-negative staphylococci; Perioperative decontamination; Surgical site infection