title: Novel Navigated Ultrasound Compared With Conventional Ultrasound for Vascular Access—a Prospective Study in a Gel Phantom Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors hypothesized that, compared with conventional ultrasound (CUS), the use of a novel navigated ultrasound (NUS) technology would increase success rates and decrease performance times of vascular access procedures in a gel phantom model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 44 anesthesiologists with varying clinical experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesiologists performed in-plane and out-of-plane vascular access procedures using both NUS and CUS for needle visualization in a gel phantom model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedure time was measured from needle insertion to verbalization of final needle positioning by the participants, and successful needle placement into the simulated vessel was verified by aspiration of simulated blood. By employing ultrasound navigation capabilities in addition to real-time ultrasound imaging during in-plane/long-axis vascular access procedures, median procedure time showed a nonsignificant decrease (7.5 seconds v 13.0 seconds; p = 0.028), and the observed increase in procedure success rate (90.9% v 100%; p = 0.125) did not reach statistical significance. For out-of-plane/short-axis vascular access procedures, a significant reduction in median procedure time (5.0 seconds v 11.5 seconds; p<0.001) and a significant increase in procedure success rate (75% v 100%; p<0.001) were achieved by using navigation technology combined with real-time ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NUS technology improved the performance times and success rates of vascular access procedures conducted by anesthesiologists in a gel phantom model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Electronic address: david.sander@uk-koeln.de.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ecker
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
authors.forename: Falko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lindacher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Felsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Spelten
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schier
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hinkelbein
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
authors.forename: Stephan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Padosch
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels
keywords: SonixGPS; Ultrasonix GPS; central catheter; central venous; gel phantom model; real-time ultrasound navigation; ultrasound; vascular access