title: Unraveling dual feeding associated molecular complexity of salivary glands in the mosquito Anopheles culicifacies.
abstract: Mosquito salivary glands are well known to facilitate meal acquisition, however the fundamental question on how adult female salivary gland manages molecular responses during sugar versus blood meal uptake remains unanswered. To investigate these responses, we analyzed a total of 58.5 million raw reads generated from two independent RNAseq libraries of the salivary glands collected from 3-4 day-old sugar and blood fed Anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes. Comprehensive functional annotation analysis of 10,931 contigs unraveled that salivary glands may encode diverse nature of proteins in response to distinct physiological feeding status. Digital gene expression analysis and PCR validation indicated that first blood meal significantly alters the molecular architecture of the salivary glands. Comparative microscopic analysis also revealed that first blood meal uptake not only causes an alteration of at least 12-22% of morphological features of the salivary glands but also results in cellular changes e.g. apoptosis, confirming together that adult female salivary glands are specialized organs to manage meal specific responses. Unraveling the underlying mechanism of mosquito salivary gene expression, controlling dual feeding associated responses may provide a new opportunity to control vector borne diseases.
authors.affiliation: Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India Nano and Biotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
authors.forename: Punita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: NxGenBio Lifesciences, C-451, Yojna Vihar, Delhi 110092, India.
authors.forename: Ashwani Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India.
authors.forename: Tanwee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Das De
authors.affiliation: Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India.
authors.forename: Suman Lata
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rohilla
authors.affiliation: Nano and Biotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
authors.forename: Namita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India.
authors.forename: Kailash C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India.
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valecha
authors.affiliation: Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, Delhi 110077, India dixit2k@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rajnikant
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dixit
keywords: Gene expression; Malaria; Mosquito; Salivary gland; Sugar and blood feeding