title: Regulation of the genetic code in megakaryocytes and platelets.
abstract: Platelets are generated from nucleated precursors referred to as megakaryocytes. The formation of platelets is one of the most elegant and unique developmental processes in eukaryotes. Because they enter the circulation without nuclei, platelets are often considered simple, non-complex cells that have limited functions beyond halting blood flow. However, emerging evidence over the past decade demonstrates that platelets are more sophisticated than previously considered. Platelets carry a rich repertoire of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and proteins that contribute to primary (adhesion, aggregation, secretion) and alternative (immune regulation, RNA transfer, translation) functions. It is also becoming increasingly clear that the 'genetic code' of platelets changes with race, genetic disorders, or disease. Changes in the 'genetic code' can occur at multiple points including megakaryocyte development, platelet formation, or in circulating platelets. This review focuses on regulation of the 'genetic code' in megakaryocytes and platelets and its potential contribution to health and disease.
authors.affiliation: The Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rondina
authors.affiliation: The Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Weyrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005815:Genetic Code; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D034061:Thrombopoiesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
keywords: genes; human; megakaryocytes; platelets; thrombopoiesis