title: Clinical utility of capsule endoscopy with flexible spectral imaging color enhancement for diagnosis of small bowel lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical utility of computed virtual chromoendoscopy with flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) in capsule endoscopy (CE) remains controversial. To clarify the clinical utility of FICE-enhanced CE in evaluating small bowel lesions, we quantitatively assessed white light (WL), FICE, and blue mode (BM) images and examined the sensitivity of these 3 imaging modes of small-bowel lesions from patients who underwent CE.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CIELAB color difference (∆E) and visual analogue scales (VAS) were measured in 261 CE images (3 different lesion categories) using WL and FICE set 1, 2, and 3, and BM images, respectively. Three endoscopists reviewed CE videos with WL, 3 FICE mode settings, and BM, and compared the sensitivity and detectability for small intestinal diseases from 50 patients who underwent CE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the assessment of visibility in the 152 vascular lesion images, the ∆E and VAS of FICE set 1, 2, and BM images were significantly higher than that of WL images. In 88 erosion/ulceration images, the ∆E and VAS of FICE set 1 and 2 images were significantly higher than that of WL images. In 21 tumor images, there were no significant differences in ∆E among these modalities. When analyzed on a per-patient basis, FICE settings 1 and 2 had the highest sensitivity (100 %) and specificity (97.3 - 100 %) for vascular lesions. As for erosive/ulcerative lesions, FICE setting 2 had the highest sensitivity (100 %) and specificity (97.2 %). For tumors or polyps, WL had the highest sensitivity (90.9 %) and specificity (87.1 %). In per-lesion analysis, FICE settings 1 and 2 showed significantly superior detection ability over WL for vascular lesions. In the detection of erosive/ulcerative lesions, FICE setting 2 was significantly superior to WL. In tumor images, there was no significant improvement with any of the settings relative to WL images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FICE is most useful for improving CE image quality and detection in cases of angioectasia and erosion/ulceration of the small intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osuga
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumito
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rishu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobune
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato