title: The effects of calcitriol with calcium carbonate supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in chronic kidney disease patients' with low vitamin D.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients' are at risk of low vitamin D and chronic inflammation. We studied the effect of 12 weeks calcitriol and calcium carbonate supplementation on inflammatory mediators serum; interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized study in CKD stages 2-4 with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels < 30 ng/ml. Patients were randomized into the Vitamin D + Calcium (Vitamin D + C) or Calcium group. Serums were analyzed at baseline, week 6 and 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty patients, median age of 53 (13.5) years were recruited. Their median IL-10 was 13.35 (25.22) pg/ml. At week 12, serum IL-6 was reduced in both groups (p = 0.001), serum IL-10 was maintained in the Vitamin D + C group (p = 0.06) and was reduced in the Calcium group (p = 0.001). CKD-diabetic patients had reduced serum IL-6 in both study groups (p = 0.001) and a reduction was seen in the Vitamin D + C group of the non-diabetics counterparts (p = 0.005). Serum IL-10 was reduced in the Calcium group (p < 0.05) whereas serum 25-OHD rose in both groups, regardless of their diabetic status (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twelve weeks, calcitriol supplementation maintained IL-10, had no effects on hs- CRP and had no additional benefit compared to calcium carbonate in reducing serum IL-6 except in non-diabetics.
authors.affiliation: National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ruslinda Bt
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mustafar
authors.affiliation: National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rozita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohd
authors.affiliation: National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norazinizah Ahmad
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Miswan
authors.affiliation: National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Arba'ayah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.affiliation: National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rizna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cader
authors.affiliation: National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdul Halim Abdul
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gafor
authors.affiliation: National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Marlyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.affiliation: National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shamsul Azhar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Azmi
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kamaruddin
authors.affiliation: National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norella Ct
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Kong
keywords: calcitriol; chronic kidney disease; diabetes; inflammation; vitamin D