title: The Lipid-lowering Effects of R-bambuterol in Healthy Chinese Volunteers: A Randomized Phase I Clinical Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Existing treatments are inadequate for patients at high risk of coronary heart disease caused by elevated levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Bambuterol is a prodrug of β2-agonist commonly used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with the advantage of once daily dosing and favorable side effect profile. The potential lipid-lowering effects of bambuterol were unclear, possibly due to the racemic bambuterol (rac-bambuterol) that was used in previous studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The lipid-lowering effects of R-bambuterol were examined in a randomized phase I trial in 48 healthy Chinese volunteers aged 18-45 years. Participants were randomly assigned to five groups to receive a single dose (2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg) or multiple doses (5 mg) of oral medications of R-bambuterol, or a single dose of rac-bambuterol (10 mg). Plasma lipid levels were measured at baseline, time to peak concentration (Tmax) and 24 h after the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of a single-dose of R-bambuterol resulted in dose-dependent reductions in the levels of plasma LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) at Tmax. Levels of LDL-C exhibited the most reductions, which were statistically significant in all three single-dose R-bambuterol groups (all P values < 0.05). R-bambuterol was more potent in LDL-C lowering compared to rac-bambuterol at Tmax (P = 0.08). At 24 h after dosing, the significant lipid lowering effects of R-bambuterol sustained for LDL-C (P = 0.01), ApoB (P = 0.001) and ApoA1 (P = 0.03), but not for HDL-C. The ratio of ApoA1/ApoB was marginally increased (P = 0.06). In the multiple-dose group, LDL-C levels again were significantly reduced (all P values < 0.05), whereas the ratios of ApoA1/ApoB were marginally increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  R-bambuterol can lower the plasma levels of LDL-C, and marginally raise the ratio of ApoA1/ApoB (indicator of HDL-C/LDL-C) with both a single dose and multiple doses. R-bambuterol was more potent in LDL-C lowering than rac-bambuterol.
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanrui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: ChengJuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: Shujie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People; D003710:Demography; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D013726:Terbutaline; C047766:bambuterol
keywords: Cholesterol; LDL-C; R-bambuterol; β2-Agonist