title: Determination and Confirmation of the Antiviral Drug Amantadine and Its Analogues in Chicken Jerky Pet Treats.
abstract: In this study, we investigated two methods for the detection of antiviral compounds in chicken jerky pet treats. Initially, a screening method developed to detect many different chemical contaminants indicated the presence of amantadine, 1, in some pet treats analyzed. A second antiviral-specific method was then developed for amantadine and its analogues, rimantadine, 2, and memantine, 3. Both methods used an acidic water/acetonitrile extraction. The antiviral-specific method also included a dispersive sorbent cleanup. Analytes were detected and identified by LC-MS (ion trap and Orbitrap) instruments. The antiviral-specific method was validated by analyzing matrix blanks and fortified samples (2.5-50 μg/kg levels). Average recoveries for amantadine (using a deuterated internal standard) in fortified samples ranged from 76 to 123% with relative standard deviations of ≤12%. Amantadine was detected and identified in suspect chicken jerky pet treat samples at levels ranging from <2.5 μg/kg to over 600 μg/kg. Rimantadine and memantine were not detected in any samples.
authors.affiliation: †Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, Building 20, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States.
authors.forename: Sherri B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Turnipseed
authors.affiliation: †Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, Building 20, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.affiliation: †Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, Building 20, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States.
authors.forename: Wendy C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: ‡California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Filigenzi
authors.affiliation: §Denver Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States.
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Heise
authors.affiliation: †Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, Building 20, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States.
authors.forename: Jack J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lohne
authors.affiliation: †Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, Building 20, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States.|§Denver Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Madson
authors.affiliation: ∥Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN), Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, United States.
authors.forename: Olgica
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ceric
authors.affiliation: ∥Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN), Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, United States.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reimschuessel
mesh_terms: D000547:Amantadine / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D057805:Pets
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005503:Food Additives; D000547:Amantadine
keywords: LC-MS; amantadine; antiviral compounds; chicken jerky pet treats