title: Transdermal iron replenishment therapy.
abstract: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the major nutritional deficiency disorders. Iron deficiency anemia occurs due to decreased absorption of iron from diet, chronic blood loss and other associated diseases. The importance of iron and deleterious effects of iron deficiency anemia are discussed briefly in this review followed by the transdermal approaches to deliver iron. Transdermal delivery of iron would be able to overcome the side effects associated with conventional oral and parenteral iron therapy and improves the patient compliance. During preliminary investigations, ferric pyrophosphate and iron dextran were selected as iron sources for transdermal delivery. Different biophysical techniques were explored to assess their efficiency in delivering iron across the skin, and in vivo studies were carried out using anemic rat model. Transdermal iron delivery is a promising approach that could make a huge positive impact on patients suffering with iron deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Modepalli
authors.affiliation: Institute for drug delivery & Biomedical Research (IDBR), Bangalore 560 086, India.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Shivakumar
authors.affiliation: Institute for drug delivery & Biomedical Research (IDBR), Bangalore 560 086, India.
authors.forename: K L Paranjothy
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kanni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.|Institute for drug delivery & Biomedical Research (IDBR), Bangalore 560 086, India.
authors.forename: S Narasimha
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Murthy
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007505:Iron-Dextran Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011756:Diphosphates; D007505:Iron-Dextran Complex; D007501:Iron; C049051:ferric pyrophosphate