title: Anticancer Effects of Extracts from the Fruit of Morinda Citrifolia (Noni) in Breast Cancer Cell Lines.
abstract: Morinda citrifolia L. (NONI) fruits have been used for thousands of years for the treatment of many health problems including cancer, cold, diabetes, flu, hypertension, and pain. Plant extracts have reported several therapeutic benefits, but extraction of individual compound from the extract often exhibits limited clinical utility as the synergistic effect of various natural ingredients gets lost. They generally constitute polyphenols and flavonoids. Studies have suggested that these phytochemicals, especially polyphenols, display high antioxidant properties, which help to reduce the risk of degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Several in-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown that Noni fruits have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-dementia, liver-protective, anticancer, analgesic, and immunomodulatory effects. Till date about 7 in vitro cancer studies have been done, but a detailed in vitro study including cell cycle and caspase activation assay on breast cancer cell line has not been done. In the present study different Noni fruit fractions have tested on cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 (breast adenocarcinoma) and one non-cancer cell line HEK-293 (Human embryonic kidney). Out of which ethylacetate extract showed a higher order of in vitro anticancer activity profile. The ethylacetate extract strongly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and HEK-293 cell lines with IC50 values of 25, 35, 60 µg/ml respectively. The extract showed increase in apoptotic cells in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and arrested the cell cycle in the G1/S phase in MCF-7 and G0/G1 phase in MDA-MB-231 cells. Noni extract also decreases the intracellular ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pachauri
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khandelwal
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biala
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastav
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D032066:Morinda / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols