title: Postoperative Interleukin-6 Level and Early Detection of Complications After Elective Major Abdominal Surgery.
abstract: To assess the association of systemic inflammation and outcome after major abdominal surgery.
  
  
  
  Major abdominal surgery carries a high postoperative morbidity and mortality rate. Studies suggest that inflammation is associated with unfavorable outcome.
  
  
  
  Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were assessed in 137 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Blood samples were drawn on days 0, 1, 3, and 7, and SIRS was scored during 48 hours after surgery. Primary outcome was a composite of mortality, pneumonia, sepsis, anastomotic dehiscence, wound infection, noncardiac respiratory failure, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and reoperation within 30 days of surgery.
  
  
  
  An IL-6 level more than 432 pg/mL on day 1 was associated with an increased risk of complications (adjusted odds ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-8.5) and a longer median length of hospital stay (7 vs 12 days, P < 0.001). As a single test, an IL-6 cut-off level of 432 pg/mL on day 1 yielded a specificity of 70% and a sensitivity of 64% for the prediction of complications (area under the curve: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.56-0.77). Levels of CRP started to discriminate from day 3 onward with a specificity of 87% and a sensitivity of 58% for a cut-off level of 203 mg/L (AUC: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.63-0.83).
  
  
  
  A high IL-6 level on day 1 is associated with postoperative complications. Levels of IL-6 help distinguish between patients at low and high risk for complications before changes in levels of CRP.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine†Department of Clinical Chemistry‡Department of Surgery§Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thijs C D
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Rettig
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verwijmeren
authors.forename: Ineke M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: Djamila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boerma
authors.forename: Ewoudt M W
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van de Garde
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Noordzij
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein