title: The role of probiotics in prevention and treatment for patients with allergic rhinitis: A systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease of respiratory allergy, and probiotics can provide a potential strategy for its management. The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic review to investigate the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of AR.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of AR in the major electronic databases up to March 2014. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated, and the data were independently extracted by two assessors. Meta-analyses were performed. Continuous data were expressed as the mean difference (MD) or standardized MD with 95% confidence interval (CI). Dichotomous data were expressed as odds ratio with the 95% CI. A p value <0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 11 RCTs were included in the analysis. Probiotic intake was associated with a significant overall improvement of the quality of life scores and nasal symptom scores of patients with AR (MD -2.97 [95% CI, -4.77 to -1.16)]; p = 0.001). No improvements with regard to prevention or immunologic parameters were noted in the patients with AR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current evidence is not sufficiently strong to verify a preventive role of probiotics in AR, but probiotics may improve the overall quality of life and nasal symptom scores. Because the available data were generated from only a few trials with a high degree of heterogeneity, routine use of probiotics for prevention and treatment in patients with AR cannot be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Ailing
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome