title: Retinal prostheses in degenerative retinal diseases.
abstract: Degenerative retinal diseases may lead to significant loss of vision. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), which eventually affect the photoreceptors, are the two most common retinal degenerative diseases. Once the photoreceptorcells are lost, there are no known effective therapies for AMD or RP. The concept of retinal prosthesis is to elicit neural activity in the remaining retinal neurons by detecting light and converting it into electrical stimuli using artificial devices. Subretinal, epiretinal, and other retinal prostheses implants are currently designed to restore functional vision in retinal degenerative diseases. In this review, we have summarized different types of retinal prostheses, implant locations, and visual outcomes. Our discussions will further elucidate the results from clinical trials, and the challenges that will need to be overcome to more efficaciously assist patients with AMD and RP in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Tai-Chi
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Bade Veterans Home, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hua-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Chien
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Ophthalmology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Kuo-Hsuan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Ophthalmology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Optometry, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yan-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Szu-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: sjchen@vghtpe.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Shih-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000601:surgery*; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000601:surgery*; D057488:Visual Prosthesis
keywords: age-related macular degeneration; epiretinal implants; retinal prosthesis; retinitis pigmentosa; subretinal implants