title: Alcohol Drinking, Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aimed to examine the association between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer risk among Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort between 1993 and 2005 were analyzed. The study population comprised 18,707 subjects aged older than 20 years old. The subjects were followed until December 31, 2011 (median follow-up of 11.2 years). The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption for colorectal cancer risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, longer duration and higher average amount of alcohol consumption were associated with elevated risk of colorectal cancer (HR 1.93 [1.17-3.18] for ≥ 30 years of consumption compared to non-drinkers; HR 2.24 [1.31-3.84] for ≥ 30 g/d). Former smokers showed a non-significantly elevated risk of colorectal cancer in men. There was no apparent association between alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer risk among women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol consumption was associated with increased colorectal cancer risk among Korean men, and both a longer duration and a higher amount of consumption were associated with elevated risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Sooyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Aesun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine ; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine ; Department of Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sue K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Hai-Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Soung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Keun-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yoo
keywords: Alcohol drinking; Colorectal neoplasms; Prospective studies; Smoking