title: FABP4 plasma concentrations are determined by acquired metabolic derangements rather than genetic determinants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Circulating FABP4 is strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular risk (CVR) and has been proposed as a new risk biomarker. Several FABP4 gene polymorphisms have been associated with protein expression in vitro and metabolic and vascular alterations in vivo. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of FABP4 polymorphisms on FABP4 plasma levels and subclinical arteriosclerosis in patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 440 individuals with obesity, MS, T2DM or other cardiovascular risk conditions who attended the vascular medicine and metabolism unit of our hospital. Anamnesis, physical examination and anthropometry data were recorded. Standard biochemical parameters were determined. Plasma FABP4 concentrations were measured. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was assessed using ultrasonography. The following FABP4 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed: rs3834363, rs16909233, rs1054135, rs77878271, rs10808846 and rs8192688. None of the studied gene allele variants were hyper-represented in patients grouped according the presence of metabolic alterations nor were they associated with the FABP4 concentration. The FABP4 gene variants did not determine cIMT differences between the groups. In a multivariate analysis, gender and BMI, but not gene variants, significantly determined plasma FABP4 concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clinical settings, the circulating FABP4 levels are determined by the acquired metabolic derangements and not genetic variation.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ibarretxe
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Girona
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Plana
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabré
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heras
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferré
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vallvé
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain. Electronic address: luis.masana@urv.cat.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masana
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D015992:Body Mass Index; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; C493410:FABP4 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: FABP4; FABP4 polymorphisms; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes