title: Socioeconomic factors correlating with community antimicrobial prescribing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing antimicrobial resistance is a serious concern in New Zealand and worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance is tied to increased community antimicrobial consumption. Investigation of the drivers of antimicrobial prescribing in different locales is needed so that targeted interventions can be devised. Counties Manukau District Health Board (CMDHB) serves a diverse, relatively socio-economically deprived population that has the highest rate of community antimicrobial prescribing in New Zealand. We hypothesise that socio-economic factors are important in determining much of the prescribing of antimicrobials in the CMDHB population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data on the number of antibacterial prescriptions per person in each pre-defined geographical Area Unit in the CMDHB community in 2013, and compared these with demographic and socioeconomic parameters collected in the 2013 New Zealand census. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify factors that correlated with antimicrobial prescribing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analysis showed that antimicrobial prescribing was strongly associated with a higher ratio of number of people to bedrooms in a dwelling (an index of crowding), with some added association with Māori ethnicity. When these factors were accounted for, there was no significant added influence from a range of other factors such as income, smoking or educational qualifications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antimicrobial prescribing may be influenced by different factors within different communities. It is important to target the determinants of antimicrobial prescribing when addressing the issue of high community antimicrobial consumption. In the CMDHB community, crowding in homes is associated with higher rates of antimicrobial prescribing. This association may be because crowding directly increases infection rates, or that crowding serves as a proxy for other factors yet to be identified. Further investigation of the determinants of antimicrobial prescribing is needed.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walls
authors.forename: Alain C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vandal
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: du Plessis
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Playle
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Counties Manukau Health, Private Bag 93311, Otahuhu, Auckland. HollanD@middlemore.co.nz.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents