title: Early renal failure as a cardiovascular disease: Focus on lipoprotein(a) and prothrombotic state.
abstract: Patients with renal failure are at increased risk of cardiovascular events even at the earliest stages of disease. In addition to many classic cardiovascular risk factors, many conditions that are commonly identified as emerging risk factors might contribute to occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Changes in circulating levels of many of these emerging risk factors have been demonstrated in patients with early stages of renal failure caused by different types of renal disease and have been associated with detection of cardiovascular complications. However, for most of these factors evidence of benefits of correction on cardiovascular outcome is missing. In this article, we comment on the role of lipoprotein(a) and prothrombotic factors as potential contributors to cardiovascular events in patients with early renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Cristiana Catena, GianLuca Colussi, Francesca Nait, Francesca Pezzutto, Flavia Martinis, Leonardo A Sechi, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.affiliation: Cristiana Catena, GianLuca Colussi, Francesca Nait, Francesca Pezzutto, Flavia Martinis, Leonardo A Sechi, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: GianLuca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colussi
authors.affiliation: Cristiana Catena, GianLuca Colussi, Francesca Nait, Francesca Pezzutto, Flavia Martinis, Leonardo A Sechi, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nait
authors.affiliation: Cristiana Catena, GianLuca Colussi, Francesca Nait, Francesca Pezzutto, Flavia Martinis, Leonardo A Sechi, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pezzutto
authors.affiliation: Cristiana Catena, GianLuca Colussi, Francesca Nait, Francesca Pezzutto, Flavia Martinis, Leonardo A Sechi, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinis
authors.affiliation: Cristiana Catena, GianLuca Colussi, Francesca Nait, Francesca Pezzutto, Flavia Martinis, Leonardo A Sechi, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sechi
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Early renal failure; Lipoprotein(a); Prothrombotic state; Risk factors