title: Autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to experimentally induced cold pain in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury--study protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with altered sensitivity to experimentally induced pain. Adolescents engaging in NSSI report greater pain threshold and pain tolerance, as well as lower pain intensity and pain unpleasantness compared to healthy controls. The experience of pain is associated with reactivity of both the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, previous research has not yet systematically addressed differences in the physiological response to experimentally induced pain comparing adolescents with NSSI and age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents with NSSI and healthy controls undergo repeated painful stimulation with the cold pressor task. ANS activity is continuously recorded throughout the procedure to assess changes in heart rate and heart rate variability. Blood pressure is monitored and saliva is collected prior to and after nociceptive stimulation to assess levels of saliva cortisol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study will provide evidence whether lower pain sensitivity in adolescents with NSSI is associated with blunted physiological and endocrinological responses to experimentally induced pain compared to healthy controls. Extending on the existing evidence on altered pain sensitivity in NSSI, measured by self-reports and behavioural assessments, this is the first study to take a systematic approach in evaluating the physiological response to experimentally induced pain in adolescent NSSI.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Deutsche Register Klinischer Studien, Study ID: DRKS00007807; Trial Registration Date: 13.02.2015.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Julian.Koenig@med.uni-heidelberg.de.|Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Julian.Koenig@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Lena.Rinnewitz@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rinnewitz
authors.affiliation: School of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Marco.Warth@hochschule-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warth
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Michael.Kaess@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaess
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D057566:Self Report; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone