title: [Detection of toxigenic genes nheA, nheB and nheC in Bacillus cereus strains isolated from powdered milk samples in Costa Rica].
abstract: Powdered milk is a frequently consumed product that does not need to be kept under cold conditions. Nevertheless, different microorganisms may contaminate it. Powdered milk is a highly consumed product by Costa Rican population, and Bacillus cereus is a potentially pathogenic bacteria associated to it, with the ability to develop toxins depending on the presence of the respective codifying genes. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the toxigenic genes nheA, nheB and nheC from B. cereus strains, found in powdered milk sold at the Costa Rican national market. Five different lots of ten brands of powdered milk, distributed in the metropolitan area of San José, Costa Rica were analyzed. B cereus load was quantified using the Most Probable Number technique and identified using the Vitek system. The presence of the toxigenic genes was determined using the PCR technique. The isolation frequency of this bacteria in the powdered milk samples analyzed reached 50%, with populations ranging from 3 to > 100 MPN/g. Five out from nineteen strains were found positive for the three toxigenic genes, indicating contamination with potentially toxigenic B. cereus in powdered milk distributed in the national market, and an important risk for public. health.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: María Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Arias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003364:Costa Rica; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004768:Enterotoxins