title: Rape and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Examining the Mediating Role of Explicit Sex-Power Beliefs for Men Versus Women.
abstract: Many rape survivors exhibit symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and recent literature suggests survivors' beliefs about sex and control may affect PTSD symptoms. The present study examined beliefs about sex and power as potential mediators of the relationship between rape and PTSD symptoms for men versus women. Participants ( N = 782) reported lifetime history of rape, current PTSD symptoms, and beliefs about sex and power. Women reported higher levels of lifetime history of rape than men (19.7% for women; 9.7% for men). While rape history predicted PTSD symptoms for both genders, beliefs about sex and power were shown to be a significant partial mediator of this relationship for men, but not for women. Results extend the literature on rape and PTSD by suggesting that survivors' beliefs about sex and power are connected and can affect their PTSD symptoms. Additionally, results illustrate how sexual violence against men may reaffirm male gender roles that entail power and aggression, and ultimately affect trauma recovery.
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Snipes
authors.affiliation: 2 George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Jenna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Calton
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Brooke A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Benotsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology*; D012742:Sex Offenses; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology; D017741:Survivors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: PTSD; adult victims; male victims; sexual abuse; sexual assault