title: Exchange of active site residues alters substrate specificity in extremely thermostable β-glycosidase from Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1.
abstract: β-Glycosidase from Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1 is a hyperthermophilic enzyme with β-glucosidase, β-mannosidase, β-fucosidase and β-galactosidase activities. Sequence alignment with other β-glycosidases from hyperthermophilic archaea showed two unique active site residues, Gln77 and Asp206. These residues were represented by Arg and Asp in all other hyperthermophilic β-glycosidases. The two active site residues were mutated to Q77R, D206N and D206Q, to study the role of these unique active site residues in catalytic activity and to alter the substrate specificity to enhance its β-glucosidase activity. The secondary structure analysis of all the mutants showed no change in their structure and exhibited in similar conformation like wild-type as they all existed in dimer form in an SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. Q77R and D206Q affected the catalytic activity of the enzyme whereas the D206N altered the catalytic turn-over rate for glucosidase and mannosidase activities with fucosidase activity remain unchanged. Gln77 is reported to interact with catalytic nucleophile and Asp206 with axial C2-hydroxyl group of substrates. Q77R might have made some changes in three dimensional structure due to its electrostatic effect and lost its catalytic activity. The extended side chains of D206Q is predicted to affect the substrate binding during catalysis. The high-catalytic turn-over rate by D206N for β-glucosidase activity makes it a useful enzyme in cellulose degradation at high temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Biomedical Industry, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: kyhwa@ntut.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Kuo Yuan
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Hwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Boopathi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Subramani
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: San-Tai
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-May
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D019712:Thermococcus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D013816:Thermodynamics; D005644:alpha-L-Fucosidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044902:beta-Mannosidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D044902:beta-Mannosidase; D005644:alpha-L-Fucosidase
keywords: Active site; Substrate specificity; Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1; β-Glycosidase