title: A Randomized Comparison Simulating Face to Face Endotracheal Intubation of Pentax Airway Scope, C-MAC Video Laryngoscope, Glidescope Video Laryngoscope, and Macintosh Laryngoscope.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early airway management is very important for severely ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of face to face intubation in four different types of laryngoscopes (Macintosh laryngoscope, Pentax airway scope (AWS), Glidescope video laryngoscope (GVL), and C-MAC video laryngoscope (C-MAC)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five nurses and emergency medical technicians were trained to use the AWS, C-MAC, GVL and Macintosh laryngoscope with standard airway trainer manikin and face to face intubation. We compared VCET (vocal cord exposure time), tube pass time, 1st ventilation time, VCET to tube pass time, tube pass time to 1st ventilation time, and POGO (percentage of glottis opening) score. In addition, we compared success rate according to the number of attempts and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VCET was similar among all laryngoscopes and POGO score was higher in AWS. AWS and Macintosh blade were faster than GVL and C-MAC in total intubation time. Face to face intubation success rate was lower in GVL than other laryngoscopes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AWS and Macintosh were favorable laryngoscopes in face to face intubation. GVL had disadvantage performing face to face intubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul 150-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu 480-717, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul 150-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gu Hyun
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunggoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul 150-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul 150-950, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wonhee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Euichung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 420-767, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Soon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyukjoong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Ilsan 411-706, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gyeonggi Fire Service Academy, Yongin 449-882, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gyoung Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008875:Middle Aged; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology*