title: Self-Reported Executive Functioning in Everyday Life in Parkinson's Disease after Three Months of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation.
abstract: Objective. Studies on the effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on executive functioning in Parkinson's disease (PD) are still controversial. In this study we compared self-reported daily executive functioning in PD patients before and after three months of STN-DBS. We also examined whether executive functioning in everyday life was associated with motor symptoms, apathy, and psychiatric symptoms. Method. 40 PD patients were examined with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A), the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-S). Results. PD patients reported significant improvement in daily life executive functioning after 3 months of STN-DBS. Anxiety scores significantly declined, while other psychiatric symptoms remained unchanged. The improvement of self-reported executive functioning did not correlate with motor improvement after STN-DBS. Apathy scores remained unchanged after surgery. Only preoperative depressed mood had predictive value to the improvement of executive function and appears to prevent potentially favorable outcomes from STN-DBS on some aspects of executive function. Conclusion. PD patients being screened for STN-DBS surgery should be evaluated with regard to self-reported executive functioning. Depressive symptoms in presurgical PD patients should be treated. Complementary information about daily life executive functioning in PD patients might enhance further treatment planning of STN-DBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Uyen Ha Gia
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.affiliation: Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Are Hugo
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pripp
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ane Eidahl
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Konglund
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Espen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dietrichs
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ulrik Fredrik
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Malt
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Inger Marie
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Skogseid
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ira Ronit Hebolt
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Haraldsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, 8607 Mosjøen, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne-Kristin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Solbakk