title: Vitamin D, inflammation, and relations to insulin resistance in premenopausal women with morbid obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the associations between vitamin D, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation and their relationships with adipose tissue expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and inflammatory markers in women with morbid obesity were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  An oral glucose tolerance test prior to surgery was completed by healthy premenopausal women (n = 76) seeking bariatric surgery. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were collected during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately, 70% of our subjects were vitamin D sufficient or optimal, and 80% had normal glucose tolerance. No significant association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with circulating inflammatory markers or insulin sensitivity was identified. In subjects with waist circumference of <139 cm (n = 42), log25(OH)D positively predicted VAT logIL-6 mRNA expression (P = 0.003). LogVDR expression was positively correlated with the expression of inflammatory markers in both SAT (logIL-1β mRNA: r = 0.95, P < 0.0001; logTNF mRNA: r = 0.82, P < 0.0001) and VAT (logIL-1β mRNA: r = 0.89, P < 0.0001; logTNF mRNA: r = 0.75, P < 0.0001). VAT logVDR expression positively predicted logHOMA-IR in non-African American subjects (P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beneficial effects of vitamin D on inflammation and insulin sensitivity were not supported by our findings. VDR does not appear to possess a protective effect in adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Van T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Xianjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Enrique F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Elli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Subhashini M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ayloo
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Karla J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Giamila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fantuzzi
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freels
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Braunschweig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000378:metabolism*; D017697:Premenopause; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D