title: X-ray diffraction from bone employing annular and semi-annular beams.
abstract: There is a compelling need for accurate, low cost diagnostics to identify osteo-tissues that are associated with a high risk of fracture within an individual. To satisfy this requirement the quantification of bone characteristics such as 'bone quality' need to exceed that provided currently by densitometry. Bone mineral chemistry and microstructure can be determined from coherent x-ray scatter signatures of bone specimens. Therefore, if these signatures can be measured, in vivo, to an appropriate accuracy it should be possible by extending terms within a fracture risk model to improve fracture risk prediction.In this preliminary study we present an examination of a new x-ray diffraction technique that employs hollow annular and semi-annular beams to measure aspects of 'bone quality'. We present diffractograms obtained with our approach from ex vivo bone specimens at Mo Kα and W Kα energies. Primary data is parameterized to provide estimates of bone characteristics and to indicate the precision with which these can be determined.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Science Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dicken
authors.forename: J P O
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Godber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prokopiou
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Lyburn
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zioupos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002417:Cattle; D003720:Densitometry; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014965:X-Rays