title: Pericardial covered stent for coronary perforations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate initial and long term results of coronary perforation treatment with pericardial covered stent.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Iatrogenic coronary perforation is a rare life threatening complication of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) occurring in 0.1-0.8% of cases. Covered stents are the mainstay of therapy for coronary perforation. However, polytetrafluoroethylene covered stents are bulky with limited flexibility and thus may not be easy to deliver in difficult anatomy. Therefore, they are reserved to perforations in proximal or mid straight segments where their delivery is relatively easy. The pericardial covered stent is a highly deliverable fully covered stent that may be used to treat coronary perforations. Only a single case has been reported of the use of this stent in its previous version for the treatment of coronary perforation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic databases of four tertiary medical centers were retrospectively reviewed for cases of coronary perforations in which PCS was used. During a five years period, between 2008 and 2013, 18,364 patients underwent PCI in these centers. Nine cases of perforations for which balloon dilatation was not sufficient and pericardial covered stent was used were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All nine cases were successfully treated with pericardial covered stent. Six of the patients underwent repeated angiography at 2-15 months, and in two of them instent restenosis that warranted repeated angioplasty was observed. One of them was catheterized for NSTEMI 3 months after the covered stent implantation, and stent thrombosis was demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pericardial covered stents offer a safe and effective therapy for coronary perforation when balloon inflation and reversal of anticoagulation are insufficient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Chaim
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Lady Davis Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Ronen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Lady Davis Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Ronen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rubinshtein
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben-Assa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center, Rappaport - Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roguin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Varshitzsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Haim D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Danenberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000453:epidemiology; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene
keywords: PCI complications; coronary perforation; pericardial covered stent