title: Gastrointestinal symptoms are closely associated with depression in iron deficiency anemia: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Until now, very few studies evaluated the association between gastrointestinal and psychiatric symptoms in iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The study investigated the frequency of functional dyspepsia (FD) in IDA patients and determined its association with depression and somatization.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the Hematology Department of Trakya University Medical Faculty, which is a tertiary referral center in northwestern Turkey. It was a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 125 consecutive IDA patients and 57 healthy control subjects were included. Patients and controls were questioned about the severity of their gastrointestinal system (GIS)-related symptoms and the presence of constipation and associated symptoms using a visual analog scale. In addition, IDA patients were administered a validated depression scale (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) and somatization symptoms checklist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IDA patients had more frequent self-reported constipation compared with controls (56% vs 22.8%, P < .001). The mean scores of bloating, dyspepsia, and constipation-related quality of life (QoL) disturbance were significantly higher in the IDA group than in the control group (all P values.
authors.forename: Gulsum Emel
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Pamuk
authors.forename: Mehmet Sevki
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Uyanik
authors.forename: Mehmet Serif
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Top
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tapan
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ak
authors.forename: Vesile
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Uyanik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003248:Constipation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey; D064232:Visual Analog Scale