title: Enzyme Based Biosensors for Detection of Environmental Pollutants--A Review.
abstract: Environmental security is one of the major concerns for the safety of living organisms from a number of harmful pollutants in the atmosphere. Different initiatives, legislative actions, as well as scientific and social concerns have been discussed and adopted to control and regulate the threats of environmental pollution, but it still remains a worldwide challenge. Therefore, there is a need for developing certain sensitive, rapid, and selective techniques that can detect and screen the pollutants for effective bioremediation processes. In this perspective, isolated enzymes or biological systems producing enzymes, as whole cells or in immobilized state, can be used as a source for detection, quantification, and degradation or transformation of pollutants to non-polluting compounds to restore the ecological balance. Biosensors are ideal for the detection and measurement of environmental pollution in a reliable, specific, and sensitive way. In this review, the current status of different types of microbial biosensors and mechanisms of detection of various environmental toxicants are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, India.
authors.forename: Vinod Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Nigam
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, M.D. University, Rohtak-124001, India.
authors.forename: Pratyoosh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004798:Enzymes
keywords: Bioreceptors; biosensors; degradation; enzymes; pollutants; transducers