title: RELATIONSHIP OF ADIPOKINES AND PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AMONG ASIAN INDIANS WITH OBESITY AND YOUTH ONSET TYPE 2 DIABETES.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well known that inflammation is associated with diabetes, but it is unclear whether obesity mediates this association in individuals with youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-Y).
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited individuals with T2DM-Y (age at onset <25 years) and age-matched normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects. Participants were further classified using Asia-Pacific body mass index cut-points for obesity and categorized as: nonobese NGT (n = 100), Obese NGT (n = 50), nonobese T2DM-Y (n = 50), and obese T2DM-Y (n = 50). We compared adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1]) across groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to nonobese NGT, the other 3 groups (obese NGT, nonobese T2DM-Y, and obese T2DM-Y) were found to have lower adiponectin (7.7 vs. 5.7, 4.2, 3.8 μg/mL, P<.01), and higher leptin (3.6 vs. 5.4, 5.7, 7.9 μg/mL, P<.001) and MCP 1 (186 vs. 272, 340, 473 pg/mL, P<.001) respectively. However, TNF-α levels were higher only among nonobese T2DM-Y (112 pg/mL) and obese T2DM-Y (141 pg/mL, P<.01 for each). After adjusting for age, sex, waist, hypertension, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and family history of diabetes, adiponectin was associated with 33% and 41% lower odds of being nonobese T2DM and obese T2DM, respectively. However, adjusted for same factors, leptin, TNF-α, and MCP-1 were associated with markedly higher odds (5- to 14-fold) of nonobese and obese T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In young Asian Indians, leptin and proinflammatory cytokines are positively, and adiponectin negatively, associated with both nonobese and obese T2DM-Y compared to nonobese NGT individuals.
authors.forename: Kuppan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gokulakrishnan
authors.forename: Anandakumar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amutha
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ranjani
authors.forename: Subramanian Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Bibin
authors.forename: Mahalingam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balakumar
authors.forename: Gautam Kumar
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Ranjit Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.forename: Mohammed K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: K M Venkat
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators