title: Innovative methods in soil phosphorus research: A review.
abstract: Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for all life on Earth and, during the past decade, concerns about the future of its global supply have stimulated much research on soil P and method development. This review provides an overview of advanced state-of-the-art methods currently used in soil P research. These involve bulk and spatially resolved spectroscopic and spectrometric P speciation methods (1 and 2D NMR, IR, Raman, Q-TOF MS/MS, high resolution-MS, NanoSIMS, XRF, XPS, (µ)XAS) as well as methods for assessing soil P reactions (sorption isotherms, quantum-chemical modeling, microbial biomass P, enzymes activity, DGT,33P isotopic exchange,18O isotope ratios). Required experimental set-ups and the potentials and limitations of individual methods present a guide for the selection of most suitable methods or combinations.
authors.affiliation: Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany ; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany ; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Wulf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Amelung
authors.affiliation: Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bol
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rostock Wismarsche Straße 43-45,18057 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.affiliation: Chair of Silviculture, Albert Ludwig University Freiburg Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niederberger
authors.affiliation: Geoecology, Geosciences, University of Tübingen Rümelinstraße 19-23.72070 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oelmann
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rostock Dr.-Lorenzweg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rüger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siebers
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siebers
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University Bayreuth Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spohn
authors.affiliation: Chemistry, Umeå University, Kemi A, plan 4, Linnaeus väg 10 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vestergren
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vogts
authors.affiliation: Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leinweber
keywords: nutrient cycling; phosphate; soil chemistry; speciation; spectroscopy