title: Error management in plant allocation to herbivore defense.
abstract: Herbivores can greatly reduce plant fitness. Error management theory (EMT) predicts the evolution of adaptive plant defensive strategies that err towards making less-costly errors so as to avoid making rare, costly errors. EMT provides a common framework for understanding observed levels of variation in plant defense among and within species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: jorrock@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Orrock
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sih
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Maud C O
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karban
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Evan L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Preisser
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sheriff
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Thaler
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D060434:Herbivory; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000469:parasitology*; D013045:Species Specificity
keywords: consumer; error bias; error management theory; induced defense; plant–herbivore ecology