title: Immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite instable colorectal cancers: Back to the clinic.
abstract: The active Th1/CTL immune microenvironment of Microsatellite Instable colorectal cancer (CRC) is counterbalanced by up-regulated expression of multiple immune checkpoints, suggesting that defective mismatch repair may be a biomarker to select CRC patients for treatment with checkpoint inhibitors. This hypothesis is currently being tested in two clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University ; Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Housseau
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University ; Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Llosa