title: Determination of perfluorinated sulfonate and perfluorinated acids in tissues of free-living European beaver (castor fiber L.) by d-SPE/ micro-UHPLC-MS/MS.
abstract: Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the main representatives of an rising class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluorochemicals (PFCs). In this study, determination of selected PFCs concentration in liver, brain, tail, adipose and peritoneum tissues of free-living European beaver (Castor fiber L.) was addressed. Tissue samples, collected from beavers living in Masurian Lakeland (NE Poland), were analyzed by dispersive Solid Phase Extraction (d-SPE) with micro-UHPLC-MS/MS system. In a group of ten selected pefrluorinated compounds only two perfluorinated acids (PFOA and PFNA) and one perfluorinated sulfonate (PFOS) were quantified. PFOA was detected in all analysed tissue samples in both female and male beavers in a range from 0.55 to 0.98ngg(-1) ww whereas PFOS was identified in all analyzed female beaver tissues and only in liver, subcutaneous adipose and peritoneum tissues of male beavers at the concentration level from 0.86 to 5.08ngg(-1) ww. PFNA was only identified in female beaver tissues (liver, subcutaneous adipose and peritoneum) in a range from 1.50 to 6.61ngg(-1) ww. This study demonstrated the bioaccumulation of PFCs in tissue samples collected from beavers living in area known as green lungs of Poland. The results provided in this study indicate for the increasing risk of PFCs occurrence in the environment and the level of PFCs in tissue of free-living European beavers may serve as bioindicator of environmental pollution by these compounds.
authors.affiliation: Malopolska Centre of Food Monitoring, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka St.122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: m.surma@ur.krakow.pl.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Surma
authors.affiliation: Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Division of Reproductive Biology, Bydgoska St. 7, 10-243 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Zygmunt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Giżejewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Division of Food Science, Tuwima St.10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zieliński
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002210:Caprylates / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D012377:Rodentia / Q000378:metabolism*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
keywords: Beaver; PFCs; PFOA; PFOS; d-SPE; micro-UHPLC-MS/MS