title: Pulmonary tuberculosis among tribals in India: A systematic review & meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There has been limited investigation on the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in tribal communities in India, a vulnerable section of Indian society. The lack of a population-based estimate prompted us to conduct a meta-analysis of existing studies to provide a single, population-based estimate of the TB prevalence for tribals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature search was conducted in PubMed using the keywords - "tuberculosis", "tribals", "India", "prevalence", and "survey". References cited in the articles retrieved were also reviewed, and those found relevant were selected. TB prevalence rates estimated by the studies were used for our calculation of a pooled-estimate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pooled estimate, based on the random effects model, was 703 per 100,000 population with a 95 % CI of 386-1011. The associated heterogeneity measures in terms of Cochran's Q was significant ( p=0 0.08 <0.1) and I [2] was moderate at 48 per cent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The meta-analysis demonstrated a large variability in pulmonary TB prevalence estimates among the different studies with poor representation of the various tribal groups. The moderate level of heterogeneity found across the studies suggests that the pooled-estimate needs to be treated with caution. Our findings also highlight the need to assess the pulmonary TB burden in India.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Beena E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Srividya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adinarayanan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manogaran
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swaminathan
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D044382:Population Groups; D015995:Prevalence; D039781:PubMed; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology*