title: In vitro activity of solithromycin and its metabolites, CEM-214 and N-acetyl-CEM-101, against 100 clinical Ureaplasma spp. isolates compared with azithromycin.
abstract: There is a strong association between vaginal and/or amniotic fluid Ureaplasma spp. colonisation and risk of preterm birth. The novel fluoroketolide antibiotic solithromycin (CEM-101) is active against Ureaplasma spp. in vitro. Evidence from ex vivo and in vivo models suggests that, unlike most macrolide antibiotics, solithromycin readily crosses the placenta. Solithromycin metabolism varies according to species; in pregnant sheep, the bioactive metabolites CEM-214 and N-acetyl-CEM-101 (NAc-CEM-101) have been shown to accumulate in the amniotic cavity following maternal solithromycin administration, potentially contributing to its antimicrobial effects. To determine the antimicrobial activity of these metabolites against Ureaplasma spp., the effects of solithromycin, CEM-214, NAc-CEM-101 and the comparator azithromycin were tested on a collection of 100 clinical Ureaplasma spp. isolates from the UK and Australia using a modified 96-well broth microdilution method. MIC90 values observed for the combined cohort were: solithromycin, 0.125 mg/L; CEM-214, 0.5mg/L; NAc-CEM-101, 0.5mg/L; and azithromycin, 2mg/L. Solithromycin showed 34-fold greater activity against Ureaplasma spp. isolates than azithromycin, whilst CEM-214 and NAc-CEM-101 possessed ca. 22% and 17% of the activity of solithromycin, respectively, significantly greater than that of azithromycin. One bacterial isolate showed resistance to azithromycin (MIC=16 mg/L) but had a much lower MIC for solithromycin (MIC=0.25mg/L). In conclusion, the metabolites of solithromycin had reduced, but still potent, activity against 100 clinical Ureaplasma spp. isolates in vitro. This may be important in some instances such as pregnancy, however studies to determine levels of the metabolites in these settings are required.
authors.affiliation: School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Lucy L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Furfaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: O Brad
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Spiller
authors.affiliation: School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Keelan
authors.affiliation: School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Electronic address: matthew.payne@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Payne
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001315:Australia; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014509:Ureaplasma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018942:Macrolides; D014230:Triazoles; D017963:Azithromycin; C547755:solithromycin
keywords: Antibiotic; Azithromycin; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Preterm birth; Solithromycin; Ureaplasma