title: The Impact of Visual Aids and Enhanced Training on the Delivery of Positive Health, Dignity, and Prevention Messages to Adult Patients Living with HIV in Rural North Central Mozambique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Positive health, dignity, and prevention (PHDP) interventions target people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) to promote well-being and prevent onward transmission. Concern that increased life expectancy and improved well-being would lead to increased risky sexual behaviour and subsequent HIV transmission motivated researchers to test novel strategies to support treatment adherence, encourage safer sex, STI treatment and partner testing, prevention of mother to child transmission, and support uptake of family planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the number and type of PHDP messages delivered to PLHIV before and after the implementation of an educational intervention for health providers combined with the distribution of visual job aids and monthly technical assistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From April 21, 2013 to March 20, 2014, we documented 54,731 clinical encounters at three rural health centres in Zambézia province, Mozambique from 9,248 unique patients. The percentage of patients who received all seven PHDP messages during their last three visits was 1.9% pre-intervention vs. 13.6% post- intervention (p=<0.001). Younger patients (25 years vs. 35) and those with a recent HIV diagnosis (two weeks vs. two years) had higher odds of receiving any PHDP message (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.22 and 2.79, respectively). Patients >59 days late collecting medications were not more likely to receive adherence messages than adherent patients (p=0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeting HIV prevention efforts to PLHIV is an effective HIV prevention approach to eliminate HIV transmission. Despite intensive training and support, PHDP message delivery remained unacceptably low in rural Mozambique. Patients at high risk for treatment abandonment were not more likely to be counselled about adherence and support measures, something that needs to be addressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We need to develop novel strategies to motivate health care providers to deliver these messages more consistently to all patients and develop a system that assists counsellors and clinicians to quickly and effectively determine which messages should be delivered.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Departments of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Audet
authors.affiliation: Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gutin
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Meridith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blevins
authors.affiliation: Friends in Global Health, Maputo and Quelimane, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Elvino
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiau
authors.affiliation: Friends in Global Health, Maputo and Quelimane, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvim
authors.affiliation: Friends in Global Health, Maputo and Quelimane, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Eurico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lara M E
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bryan E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.affiliation: Friends in Global Health, Maputo and Quelimane, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dawson Rose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009073:Mozambique; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents