title: Patient perspectives on self-monitoring of blood glucose: perceived recommendations, behaviors and barriers in a clinic sample of adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient-centered perspectives on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SBMG) were assessed in adults with type 2 diabetes using a self-regulation conceptual framework.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 589; 53 % female) were adults with type 2 diabetes who were recruited during routine appointments at a diabetes outpatient clinic in the Southeastern/lower Midwestern region of the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participant's had varying perceptions regarding provider recommendations for SMBG (responder n = 380). Personal blood glucose testing patterns were also varied and reports frequently omitted (responder n = 296). Respondent's most frequent personal pattern was to test "occasionally, as needed," which did not differ by insulin use status, gender or age. In those not prescribed insulin, HbA1c reflected better control in those testing at least once per week (p = .040) or with a blood glucose goal (p = .018). 30.9 % endorsed at least monthly perceived encounters with SMBG barriers, with higher reports by women (p = .005) and younger (p = .006) participants. Poorer glycemic control was observed for participants with more frequently reported scheduling (p = .025, .041) and discouragement (p = .003) barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that many may experience difficulty integrating SMBG into their lives and are unsure of recommendations and appropriate function. Research is needed to promote best practice recommendations for SMBG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 317 Life Sciences Building, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer E F
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 317 Life Sciences Building, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stetson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
authors.forename: Sri Prakash L
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mokshagundam
keywords: Barriers; Blood glucose monitoring; SMBG; Self-management; Type 2 diabetes