title: Report: Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity caused by metal poisoning: Brain as a target organ.
abstract: People relate the neural disorders with either inheritance or psychological violence but there might be some other reasons responsible for the ailment of people that do not have such a background. The present study explains the chronic effect of heavy toxic metals on nervous system. During experimentation, rabbits used as laboratory animals, were given test metals in their diet. Concentration of metals given to them in the diet was less than their tolerable dietary intake. Behavioral changes were observed during experimentation. Periodic increase in the metal concentration was seen in the blood sample of rabbits. They were slaughtered after a period of eight months of slow poisoning. Histological examination of brain tissues was performed. The brain samples were analyzed by Atomic absorption spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to find the retention of heavy metals in mammalian brain. Concentration of lead, mercury and cadmium in the blood samples of occupationally exposed people and patients with neurological disorders at the time of neurosurgery was determined by using the same techniques. During circulation, toxic metals passes through the nerve capillaries to settle down in the brain. Heavy metals cross the blood brain barrier and 'may retain themselves in it. Brain tumors and biopsy samples of patients with neurological disorder were also analyzed to relate neurotoxicity and heavy metal poisoning. Results obtained shows that lead, mercury and cadmium retain themselves in the brain for longer period of time and are one of the causes of neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemistry, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syeda Rubina
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gilani
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemistry, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Raza Ali
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Madeeha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Batool
authors.affiliation: University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Amanat Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemistry, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Arjumand Iqbal
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Durrani
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zaid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mahmood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000150:complications*; D011817:Rabbits