title: Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Characteristics of the Femoral Canal Isthmus: An Anatomical Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a new approach for measuring and locating the femoral intramedullary canal isthmus in 3-dimensional (3D) space.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the computed tomography data from 204 Chinese patients, 3D models of the whole femur and the corresponding femoral isthmus tube were reconstructed using Mimics software (Materialise, Haasrode, Belgium). The anatomical parameters of the femur and the isthmus, including the femur length and radius, and the isthmus diameter and height, were measured accordingly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ratio of the isthmus height versus the femoral height was 55 ± 4.8%. The mean diameter of the isthmus was 10.49 ± 1.52 mm. The femoral length, the isthmus diameter, and the isthmus tube length were significantly larger in the male group. Significant correlations were observed between the femoral length and the isthmus diameter (r = 0.24, p < 0.01) and between the femoral length and the isthmus height (r = 0.6, p < 0.01). Stepwise linear regression analyses demonstrated that the femoral length and radius were the most important factors influencing the location and dimension of the femoral canal isthmus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study developed a new approach for measuring the femoral canal and for optimization of customer-specific femoral implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China ; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 8, Dongdajie Road, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jing-xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China ; Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, No. 1, Block Tiantongyuan North, Beijing 102218, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Li-cheng
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jian-tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jian-feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Li-hai
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Pei-fu
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012984:Software; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed