title: Hypertension, Diabetes Type II, and Their Association: Role of Arterial Stiffness.
abstract: In patients with both hypertension and type II diabetes, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases linearly with age, while that of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) declines curvilinearly as early as age 45, all suggesting the development of increased arterial stiffness. Increased stiffness is an important, independent, and significant risk predictor in subjects with hypertension and diabetes. In patients with both diseases, stiffness assessed at the same mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly higher in diabetic patients. Arterial stiffness is related to age, heart rate (HR), and MAP, but in diabetic patients, it also related to diabetes duration and insulin treatment (IT). In the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), diabetes also acts on the small arteries through capillary rarefaction to reduce the effective length of the arterial tree, increases the reflected pulse wave and thus the pulse pressure (PP). These studies indicate that diabetes and hypertension additively contribute to increased pulsatility and suggest that any means to reduce stiffness would be beneficial in these conditions.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA; smulyanh@upstate.edu.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smulyan
authors.affiliation: Centre de Diagnostic et de Therapeutique, Hotel Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lieber
authors.affiliation: Centre de Diagnostic et de Therapeutique, Hotel Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Michel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Safar
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: ageing; diabetes duration; diastolic blood pressure; hypertension; insulin therapy; metabolic syndrome; pulse pressure; pulse wave velocity; systolic blood pressure.