title: Anti-fatigue effect of Myelophil in a chronic forced exercise mouse model.
abstract: This study was performed to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of Myelophil. ICR male mice (10 weeks old) were forced to run for 1 hour, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Each running session was followed by administration of distilled water, Myelophil (50 or 100 mg/kg), or ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) 1h later. Equal proportions of Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix were extracted using 30% ethanol, and formulated into Myelophil. To evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of Myelophil, exercise tolerance and forced swimming tests were conducted. Underlying mechanisms, including oxidant-antioxidant balance, inflammatory response, and energy metabolism, were investigated by analyzing skeletal muscle tissues and/or sera. Myelophil significantly increased exercise ability and latency times, and decreased the number of electric shocks and immobility time on exercise tolerance and forced swimming tests compared with control group. Myelophil also significantly ameliorated fatigue-induced alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant capacity, as measured by multiple assays, including enzyme activity assays and western blotting, as well as alterations in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, Myelophil normalized alterations in energy metabolic markers in sera. These findings suggest that Myelophil reduces the effects of chronic fatigue, likely by attenuating oxidative and inflammatory responses and normalizing energy metabolism. Consequently, this study provides evidence for the clinical relevance of Myelophil.
authors.affiliation: Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong-Geug
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ae
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ckson@dju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chang-Gue
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Son
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000187:drug effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C530779:Myelophil; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
keywords: Antioxidant; Chronic fatigue; Chronic forced exercise; Myelophil; Oxidative stress