title: Managing Medications During Home Hospice Cancer Care: The Needs of Family Caregivers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Family caregivers (FCGs) are often at the frontline of symptom management for patients with advanced illness in home hospice. FCGs' cognitive, social, and technical skills in complex medication management have been well studied in the literature; however, few studies have tested existing frameworks in clinical cases in home hospice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to assess the applicability of caregiver medication management skills framework by Lau et al. in the context of family caregiving in home hospice to further the understanding of FCGs' essential medication management skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a secondary data analysis of 18 audio recorded home hospice visits transcribed verbatim; deductive content analysis of caregiver-nurse interactions was conducted. The target sample included FCGs of hospice patients who had cancer diagnoses in hospices located in the greater urban area of the Rocky Mountain West. Caregiver medication management skills were identified and categorized into the five domains of caregiver expertise. Exemplars of each domain were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An average of four medications (SD = 3.5) was discussed at each home hospice visit. Medication knowledge skills were observed in most home hospice visits (15 of 18). Teamwork skills were observed in 11 of 18 cases, followed by organizational and personhood skills (10 of 18). Symptom management skills occurred in 12 of 18 cases. An additional two subconstructs of the personhood domain-1) advocacy for the caregiver and 2) skills in discontinuing medications-were proposed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support framework by Lau et al. for caregiver medication management skills and expands on the existing domains proposed. Future interventions to assess FCGs' skills are recommended.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. Electronic address: jennifer.tjia@umassmed.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tjia
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ellington
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lemay
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reblin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003142:Communication; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054539:Medication Therapy Management; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D009726:Nurses; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Hospice; caregiver skills; framework; medication management; symptom management