title: Feasibility of measuring renal blood flow by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal blood flow (RBF) has been shown to predict disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We investigated the feasibility and accuracy of phase-contrast RBF by MRI (RBFMRI) in ADPKD patients with a wide range of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, we validated RBFMRI measurement using phantoms simulating renal artery hemodynamics. Thereafter, we investigated in a test-set of 21 patients intra- and inter-observer coefficient of variation of RBFMRI. After validation, we measured RBFMRI in a cohort of 91 patients and compared the variability explained by characteristics indicative for disease severity for RBFMRI and RBF measured by continuous hippuran infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlation in flow measurement using phantoms by phase-contrast MRI was high and fluid collection was high (CCC=0.969). Technical problems that precluded RBFMRI measurement occurred predominantly in patients with a lower eGFR (34% vs. 16%). In subjects with higher eGFRs, variability in RBF explained by disease characteristics was similar for RBFMRI compared to RBFHip, whereas in subjects with lower eGFRs, this was significantly less for RBFMRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that RBF can be measured accurately in ADPKD patients by phase-contrast, but this technique may be less feasible in subjects with a lower eGFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal blood flow (RBF) can be accurately measured by phase-contrast MRI in ADPKD patients. RBF measured by phase-contrast is associated with ADPKD disease severity. RBF measurement by phase-contrast MRI may be less feasible in patients with an impaired eGFR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Spithoven
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borns
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Boertien
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C A J M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kappert
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J W
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Greuter
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Jagt
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vart
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB Groningen, The Netherlands. R.T.Gansevoort@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gansevoort
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003287:Contrast Media; D018450:Disease Progression; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007465:Iodohippuric Acid; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000502:physiology; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D007465:Iodohippuric Acid
keywords: ADPKD; Hippuran; Phantom; Phase-contrast MRI; Renal blood flow measurement