title: HLA genetic diversity in Hungarians and Hungarian Gypsies: complementary differentiation patterns and demographic signals revealed by HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 in Central Europe.
abstract: Systematic analyses of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profiles in different populations may increase the efficiency of bone marrow donor selection and help reconstructing human peopling history. We typed HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 allele groups in two bone marrow donor cohorts of 2402 Hungarians and 186 Hungarian Gypsies and compared them with several Central-European, Spanish Gypsy, and Indian populations. Our results indicate that different European Gypsy populations share a common origin but diverged genetically as a consequence of founder effect and rapid genetic drift, whereas other European populations are related genetically in relation to geography. This study also suggests that while HLA-A accurately depicts the effects of genetic drift, HLA-B, and -DRB1 conserve more signatures of ancient population relationships, as a result of balancing selection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transplantation Immunogenetics, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inotai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transplantation Immunogenetics, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szilvasi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transplantation Immunogenetics, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benko
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transplantation Immunogenetics, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boros-Major
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transplantation Immunogenetics, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Illes
authors.affiliation: Molecular Diagnostics, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bors
authors.affiliation: Molecular Diagnostics, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Hungarian Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajczy
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Hungarian Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gelle-Hossó
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buhler
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Mazas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transplantation Immunogenetics, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.|Molecular Diagnostics, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tordai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D005260:Female; D018703:Founder Effect; D040961:Genetic Drift; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058974:Phylogeography; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D006178:Romani People; D014019:Tissue Donors; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains
keywords: Gypsies; Hungary; balancing selection; bone marrow donors; genetic diversity; genetic drift; human leukocyte antigen; human leukocyte antigen evolution; population genetics