title: Tyrosol prevents apoptosis in irradiated keratinocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phenolic compounds, the biggest group of natural antioxidants, have attracted much attention due to their known and wide-ranging biological activities, as well as to their health effects. In particular, regardless their antioxidant activity, they play a key role in the control of several inflammation-associated processes as well as in improving antioxidant defense system. In an our previous work we have demonstrated the ability of Hydroxytyrosol, an ortho-diphenolic compound, essential component of oleuropein, in preventing apoptotic cell death induced by UVB radiation in HaCaT cell lines in vitro. In olive oil, besides Hydroxytyrosol, there are appreciable amounts of Tyrosol and its secoiridoid derivatives.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It has been well established that Tyrosol has a significantly lower antioxidant activity than Hydroxytyrosol, but despite this, recent studies suggest that Tyrosol exerts a powerful protective effect against oxidative injuries in cell systems and that it is able to improve the intracellular antioxidant defenses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, Tyrosol effect has been evaluated in HaCaT cells exposed to UVB radiation by means of morphological and molecular analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study revealed the polyphenol ability in reducing apoptotic markers and in protecting HaCaT cells from damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest an important role of Tyrosol in protecting cells from apoptotic cell death and encourage the use of this phytochemical as biological ingredient in topical preparations as possible tool to prevent skin damage.
authors.affiliation: DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy. Electronic address: sara.salucci@uniurb.it.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salucci
authors.affiliation: DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burattini
authors.affiliation: DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battistelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buontempo
authors.affiliation: DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Canonico
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.affiliation: DiSB, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.affiliation: DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Falcieri
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000069463:Olive Oil; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; C011867:4-hydroxyphenylethanol; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: Apoptosis; Caspases; Electron microscopy; HaCaT; UVB radiation