title: Influence of orthodontic treatment on temporomandibular disorders. A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this literature systematic review was to evaluate the possible association between malocclusions, orthodontic treatment and development of temporomandibular disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was carried out on PubMed-Medline database from January 2000 to August 2013 using the keywords "orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders", "orthodontics and facial pain" and "malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders". Human studies included in the study were those assessing signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in relation to orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was carried out on PubMed-Medline database from January 2000 to August 2013 using the keywords "orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders", "orthodontics and facial pain" and "malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders". Human studies included in the study were those assessing signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in relation to orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search strategy resulted in 61 articles. After selection according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria 9 articles qualified for the final analysis. The articles which linked orthodontics and development of temporomandibular disorders showed very discrepant results. Some indicated that orthodontic treatment could improve signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, but none of them obtained statistically significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the authors examined, there is no evidence for a cause-effect relationship between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders, or that such treatment might improve or prevent them. More longitudinal studies are needed to verify any possible interrelationship. Key words:Malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders, orthodontics and facial pain, orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Surgery and medical-surgical specialties. University of Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Felipe J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Fernández-González
authors.affiliation: Departament of Surgery and medical-surgical specialties. University of Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Aránzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cañigral
authors.affiliation: Departament of Surgery and medical-surgical specialties. University of Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: López-Caballo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Implantology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Spain.
authors.forename: Aritza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brizuela
authors.affiliation: Department of Orofacial Prosthetics of the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moreno-Hay
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology I. Faculty of Dentsitry. Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del Río-Highsmith
authors.affiliation: Departament of Morphology and Cell Biology. University of Oviedo, Spain ; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vega