title: Estrogen, progesterone, and genistein differentially regulate levels of expression of α-, β-, and γ-epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and α-sodium potassium pump (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase) in the uteri of sex steroid-deficient rats.
abstract: Estrogen, progesterone, and genistein could induce changes in uterine fluid volume and Na(+) concentration. Progesterone upregulates expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase which contributed toward these changes. However, effects of estrogen and genistein were unknown. This study therefore investigated changes in expression of these proteins in the uterus under estrogen, progesterone, and genistein influences to further understand mechanisms underlying sex steroids and phytoestrogen effects on uterine fluid Na(+) regulation. In this study, uteri of ovariectomized female rats receiving 7-day treatment with genistein (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day), estrogen (0.8 × 10(-4) mg/kg/day), or progesterone (4 mg/kg/day) were harvested, and expression levels of α-, β-, and γ-ENaC proteins and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and α-Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase protein were determined by Western blotting (proteins) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (mRNA). Meanwhile, distribution of α-, β-, and γ-ENaC and α-Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase proteins in the uterus was identified by immunohistochemistry. Our findings indicated that expression of α-, β-, and γ-ENaC proteins and mRNAs and α-Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase protein were enhanced under progesterone influence. Lower expressions were noted under estrogen and genistein influences compared to progesterone. Under estrogen, progesterone, and genistein influences, α- and β-ENaC were distributed at apical membrane and γ-ENaC was distributed at apical and basolateral membranes of uterine luminal epithelia. Under progesterone influence, α-Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase was highly expressed at basolateral membrane. In conclusion, high expression of α-, β-, and γ-ENaC and α-Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase under progesterone influence would contribute toward increased uterine fluid Na(+) reabsorption, whereas lesser expression of these proteins under estrogen and genistein influences would contribute toward lower reabsorption of uterine fluid Na(+).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chinigarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sekaran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muniandy
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: naguibsalleh@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Naguib
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salleh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D004967:Estrogens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011374:Progesterone; D012964:Sodium; D019833:Genistein; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
keywords: Genistein; Sex steroid; α-, β-, and γ-Epithelial sodium channel; α-Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase