title: An Exploratory Analysis of the Relationship between Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Cognitive/Academic Performance among Adolescents.
abstract: This exploratory study examines the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, and total cholesterol) and cognitive/academic performance. In this study, 1297 Taiwanese tenth-grade volunteers are recruited. Scores from the Basic Competency Test, an annual national competitive entrance examination, are used to evaluate academic performance. Cognitive abilities are accessed via the Multiple Aptitude Test Battery. The results indicate that systolic blood pressure is significantly, negatively associated with academic performance, both in male and female subjects. BMI and waist circumference are associated with verbal reasoning performance with an inverse U-shaped pattern, suggesting that both low and high BMI/waist circumference may be associated with lower verbal reasoning performance.
authors.affiliation: Science Education Center and Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Section 4, Ting-Chou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan ; Institute of Marine Environmental Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Section 4, Ting-Chou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan ; Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Section 4, Ting-Chou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Kuang
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Science Education Center and Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Section 4, Ting-Chou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 92 Section 2, Zhongshan N. Road, Taipei 104, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Chi
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Science Education Center and Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Section 4, Ting-Chou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Science Education Center and Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Section 4, Ting-Chou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan ; Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Section 4, Ting-Chou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol