title: Demographic trends in arthroscopic and open biceps tenodesis across the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in procedures and to report on demographic data of patients undergoing arthroscopic vs. open biceps tenodesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of a commercially available database (PearlDiver) was conducted to identify cases of arthroscopic and open biceps tenodesis performed between 2007 and 2011 with concurrent diagnoses of commonly associated shoulder disorders. Each record provided the patient's age, gender, and region within the United States, and statistical significance was determined with respect to each of these demographics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 9011 patients who underwent arthroscopic biceps tenodesis and 11,678 patients who underwent open biceps tenodesis between 2007 and 2011. The number of biceps tenodesis cases increased from 2007 to 2011 (2047 to 5832; P = .015). Both arthroscopic and open biceps tenodesis procedures were performed most commonly in the 30- to 59-year-old age group (76.3% and 76.1%; P < .00001). Men underwent arthroscopic or open biceps tenodesis more commonly than women did (66.1% and 71.9%; P < .00001). Rates of both open and arthroscopic biceps tenodesis varied significantly among the Midwest, South, Northeast, and West regions (P = .009; P = .007); 49.8% of arthroscopic and 44.6% of open biceps tenodesis cases were associated with rotator cuff tears, whereas 14.4% of arthroscopic and 16.2% of open cases were associated with biceps tendon disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both arthroscopic and open biceps tenodesis cases increased annually from 2007 to 2011. The majority of biceps tenodesis cases were performed in men aged 30 to 59 years, and the South had the highest overall number of cases. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of these procedures with and without concomitant pathologic processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Evan E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Vellios
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alireza K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nazemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Yeranosian
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremiah R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: fpetrigliano@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Petrigliano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001132:Arm / Q000601:surgery*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002061:Bursa, Synovial / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery; D012737:Sex Factors; D012782:Shoulder / Q000601:surgery; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000601:surgery; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery; D053656:Tenodesis / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Arthroscopic; biceps tenodesis; demographics; open; retrospective