title: Factors and Influences That Determine the Choices of Surgery Residency Applicants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate characteristics of residency applicants selected to interview at independent general surgery programs, identify residency information resources, assess if there is perceived bias toward university or independent programs, and determine what types of programs applicants prefer.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic survey was sent to applicants who were selected to interview at a participating independent program. Open-ended responses regarding reasons for program-type bias were submitted. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to identify applicant characteristics associated with program-type preference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Independent general surgery residency programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total, of 1220 applicants were selected to interview at one of 33 independent programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 670 surveys were completed (55% response rate). Demographics of respondents were similar to the full invited population. Median United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 and Step 2 scores were between 230 to 239 and 240 to 249, respectively. Most applicants reported receiving general information about surgery residency programs and specific information about independent programs from residency program websites. 34% of respondents perceived an imbalanced representation of program types, with 96% of those reporting bias toward university programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applicants selected to interview at independent programs are competitive for general surgery training and primarily use residency program websites for information gathering. Bias is common toward university programs for a variety of perceived reasons. This information will be useful in applicant evaluation and selection, serve as a stimulus to update program websites, and challenge independent program directors to work to alleviate bias against their programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin. Electronic address: btjarman@gundersenhealth.org.
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Jarman
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Amit R T
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Advanced Surgical Technology and Education Center, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia.
authors.forename: Amber W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Trickey
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dort
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Kara J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kallies
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery Education, Iowa Methodist Medical Center, Des Moines, Iowa.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sidwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002321:Career Choice; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: National Resident Matching Program; Practice-Based Learning and Improvement; Professionalism; Systems-Based Practice; applicant characteristics; independent programs; surgery residency