title: Sorafenib in the treatment of thyroid cancer.
abstract: Sorafenib has been evaluated in several Phase II and III studies in patients with locally advanced/metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), reporting partial responses, stabilization of the disease and improvement of progression-free survival. Best responses were observed in lung metastases and minimal responses in bone lesions. On the basis of these studies, sorafenib was approved for the treatment of metastatic DTC in November 2013. Few studies suggested that reduction of thyroglobulin levels, or of average standardized uptake value at the fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, could be helpful for the identification of responding patients; but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Tumor genetic marker levels did not have any prognostic or predictive role in DTC patients.The most common adverse events observed included skin toxicity and gastrointestinal and constitutional symptoms. Encouraging results have also been observed in patients with medullary thyroid cancer. Many studies are ongoing to evaluate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of sorafenib in DTC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia Martina
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Politti
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spisni
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Materazzi
authors.forename: Enke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baldini
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ulisse
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miccoli
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: Poupak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fallahi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib
keywords: anaplastic thyroid cancer; follicular thyroid cancer; medullary thyroid cancer; papillary thyroid cancer; sorafenib; tyrosine kinase inhibitors