title: Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax in clinical isolates from Bangladesh.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasmodium vivax is the second most prevalent human malaria parasite in Bangladesh; however, there are no data of its genetic diversity. Several molecular markers are available where Pvcsp, Pvmsp 1 and Pvmsp 3α are most commonly used for P. vivax genotyping studies. The aim of the study was to investigate the population structure of P. vivax in Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 P. vivax-positive blood samples were collected from different malaria-endemic areas in Bangladesh and subsequently analysed for those three genotyping markers. Nested PCR was performed for diagnosis and genotyping analysis followed by PCR-RFLP to detect genetic diversity using Pvcsp, Pvmsp 1 and Pvmsp 3α markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of Pvcsp showed that the VK210 repeat type was highly prevalent (64.7%, 66/102) compared to VK247 (35.3%, 36/102), although the prevalence of VK247 was higher than other Southeast Asian countries. Analysis of these three genes revealed a diverse, circulating population of P. vivax where a total of ten, 56 and 35 distinct genotypes were detected for Pvcsp, Pvmsp 1 and Pvmsp 3α, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This genotyping observation of P. vivax is the first report from Bangladesh and will provide valuable information for establishing the genotyping methods and circulating genetic variants of these three markers available in Bangladesh.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. golam.kibria@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Mohammad Golam
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kibria
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. rubayet@vt.edu.|Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. rubayet@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Rubayet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elahi
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. manmohon@ucalgary.ca.|Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada. manmohon@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Abu Naser
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Mohon
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. wakhan@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Wasif A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. rhaque@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Rashidul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. shafiul@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Mohammad Shafiul
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001459:Bangladesh; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C041595:circumsporozoite protein, Protozoan; C089133:merozoite surface protein 3, Plasmodium