title: Apprehending ganglioside diversity: a comprehensive methodological approach.
abstract: Gangliosides (GGs) make a wide family of glycosphingolipids ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and particularly abundant in the brain and nervous system. They exhibit a huge diversity due to structural variations in both their oligosaccharidic chain and ceramide moiety, which represent a real analytical challenge. Since their discovery in the 1940s, methods have persistently improved until the emergence of LC/MS, which offers a high level of specificity and sensitivity and is suitable with high-throughput profiling studies. We describe here a comprehensive approach relying on various techniques and aiming at fully characterizing GGs in biological samples. First, total GG content was determined by a biochemical assay. Second, GG class composition was assessed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography followed by colorimetric revelation. Then, ceramide types of GG classes were identified, and their relative quantification was performed thanks to the development of a powerful and reliable LC/MS method. Finally, ceramides were structurally characterized, and minor and less common GG classes were identified using high-resolution MS. These methods were applied to the rat retina to provide an exhaustive description of its GG composition, giving the base for a better understanding of the precise roles of GGs in this tissue.
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Elodie A Y
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sibille
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martine
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chaux-Picquet
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bretillon
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berdeaux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002518:Ceramides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012160:Retina / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D005732:Gangliosides; D006028:Glycosphingolipids
keywords: glycosphingolipids; liquid chromatography; molecular species; retina