title: High fructose consumption in pregnancy alters the perinatal environment without increasing metabolic disease in the offspring.
abstract: Maternal carbohydrate intake is one important determinant of fetal body composition, but whether increased exposure to individual sugars has long-term adverse effects on the offspring is not well established. Therefore, we examined the effect of fructose feeding on the mother, placenta, fetus and her offspring up to 6 months of life when they had been weaned onto a standard rodent diet and not exposed to additional fructose. Dams fed fructose were fatter, had raised plasma insulin and triglycerides from mid-gestation and higher glucose near term. Maternal resistance arteries showed changes in function that could negatively affect regulation of blood pressure and tissue perfusion in the mother and development of the fetus. Fructose feeding had no effect on placental weight or fetal metabolic profiles, but placental gene expression for the glucose transporter GLUT1 was reduced, whereas the abundance of sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter-2 was raised. Offspring born to fructose-fed and control dams were similar at birth and had similar post-weaning growth rates, and neither fat mass nor metabolic profiles were affected. In conclusion, raised fructose consumption during reproduction results in pronounced maternal metabolic and vascular effects, but no major detrimental metabolic effects were observed in offspring up to 6 months of age.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lineker
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Early Life Research Group, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bloor
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Astbury
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Early Life Research Group, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budge
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Denise G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hemmings
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Plane
authors.affiliation: Early Life Research Group, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Symonds
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Rhonda C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases; D010920:Placenta; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005632:Fructose