title: Management of Cattle Exposed to Adverse Environmental Conditions.
abstract: During periods of adverse weather, optimum conditions for animal comfort and performance are compromised. Use of alternative supplementation programs need to be considered for livestock challenged by adverse environmental conditions. Use of additional water for consumption and cooling, shade, and/or alternative management strategies need to be considered to help livestock cope with heat stress. For animals reared outside during winter, strategies that increase animal space and environmental buffers need to be used to minimize effects of mud, wet conditions, and windchill. There are ample opportunities for livestock producers to enhance animal welfare and minimize the impact of environmental stress.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68028, USA. Electronic address: tmader1@unl.edu.
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Mader
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68028, USA; Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA.
authors.forename: Dee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004777:Environment; D058751:Livestock; D013312:Stress, Physiological
keywords: Animal welfare; Environmental stress; Livestock management