title: Spatial Clustering Properties in the Temporal Variation of Suicide Rates/Numbers among Japanese Citizens: A Comprehensive Comparison and Discussion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The number of suicides in Japan has remained high for many years. To effectively resolve this problem, firm understanding of the statistical data is required. Using a large quantity of wide-ranging data on Japanese citizens, the purpose of this study was to analyze the geographical clustering properties of suicides and how suicide rates have evolved over time, and to observe detailed patterns and trends in a variety of geographic regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using adjacency data from 2008, the spatial and temporal/spatial clustering structure of geographic statistics on suicides were clarified. Echelon scans were performed to identify regions with the highest-likelihood ratio of suicide as the most likely suicide clusters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to results obtained using temporal/spatial analysis, the results of a period-by-period breakdown of evolving suicide rates demonstrated that suicides among men increased particularly rapidly during 1988-1992, 1993-1997, and 1998-2002 in certain cluster regions located near major metropolitan areas. For women, results identified cluster regions near major metropolitan areas in 1993-1997, 1998-2002, and 2003-2007.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For both men and women, the cluster regions identified are located primarily near major metropolitan areas, such as greater Tokyo and Osaka.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ward, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: School of Management and Information Sciences, Tama University, Tama, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: School of Law, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ishioka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D012737:Sex Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014041:Tokyo; D055815:Young Adult