title: Attention in Older Adults: A Normative Study of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test for Persons Aged 70 Years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to present normative data from 70-year-olds on the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA), a computerized measure of attention and response control.
  
  
  METHODS
  640 participants (330 men and 310 women), all aged 70 years, completed the IVA, as well as the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were stratified by education and gender. Education differences were found in 11 of 22 IVA scales. Minor gender differences were found in six scales for the high-education group, and two scales for the low-education group. Comparisons of healthy participants and participants with stroke, myocardial infarction, or diabetes showed only minor differences. Correlations among IVA scales were strong (all r > .34, p < .001), and those with the widely used Mini-Mental State Examination were weaker (all r < .21, p < .05). Skewed distributions of normative data from primary IVA scales measuring response inhibition (Prudence) and inattention (Vigilance) represent a weakness of this test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides IVA norms for 70-year-olds stratified by education and gender, increasing the usability of this instrument when testing persons near this age. The data presented here show some major differences from original IVA norms, and explanations for these differences are discussed. Explanations include the broad age-range used in the original IVA norms (66-99 years of age) and the passage of 15 years since the original norms were collected.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.|b Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.|c Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berginström
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.|c Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordström
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.|c Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordström
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
keywords: Aging; Attention; Neurocognitive testing; Normative data