title: Fibrinolytic and procoagulant activities of Yersinia pestis and Salmonella enterica.
abstract: Pla of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis and PgtE of the enteropathogen Salmonella enterica are surface-exposed, transmembrane β-barrel proteases of the omptin family that exhibit a complex array of interactions with the hemostatic systems in vitro, and both proteases are established virulence factors. Pla favors fibrinolysis by direct activation of plasminogen, inactivation of the serpins plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and α2-antiplasmin, inactivation of the thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor, and activation of single-chain urokinase. PgtE is structurally very similar but exhibits partially different functions and differ in expression control. PgtE proteolysis targets control aspects of fibrinolysis, and mimicry of matrix metalloproteinases enhances cell migration that should favor the intracellular spread of the bacterium. Enzymatic activity of both proteases is strongly influenced by the environment-induced variations in lipopolysaccharide that binds to the β-barrel. Both proteases cleave the tissue factor pathway inhibitor and thus also express procoagulant activity.
authors.affiliation: General Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Korhonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D010930:Plague / Q000097:blood* / Q000382:microbiology; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000382:microbiology; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D037521:Virulence Factors; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D010450:Endopeptidases; C411337:PgtE protein, Salmonella enterica; C078140:Pla protease, Yersinia pestis; D010960:Plasminogen Activators
keywords: Salmonella; fibrin; fibrinolysis; infections; plague; plasminogen