title: Study on Metal Concentrations in Tissues of Mallard and Pochard from Two Major Wintering Sites in Southeastern Caspian Sea, Iran.
abstract: We examined concentrations of cadmium, chromium, iron, lead and zinc in the kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos; n = 30) and Pochards (Aythya ferina; n = 30) from two important wintering sites in the southeastern Caspian Sea in the winter of 2012. Mean lead concentrations (µg g(-1) ww) in livers (2.36 ± 1.00) of Pochard and in kidneys (3.43 ± 0.91) of Mallard exceeded the exposure threshold levels in liver (1.5 µg g(-1) ww) and kidney (3 µg g(-1) ww) of waterfowl. Mean cadmium concentrations in livers (1.63 ± 0.66) of Pochards exceeded the background level of this metal in liver (1 µg g(-1) ww) of waterfowl. Chromium, iron and zinc concentrations were within the normal range as reported in other duck studies. Gender-related and inter-specific variation of metal concentrations in analyzed tissues were observed (t test, p < 0.05). Our results indicated that waterfowl using the Miankalah and Gomishan International Wetlands are being exposed to elevated concentrations of cadmium and lead.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Natural Resource and Environment Faculty, Birjand University, Birjand, Southern Khorasan, Iran, MH_Sinkakarimi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hosein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sinka-Karimi
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pourkhabbaz
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassanpour
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Levengood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004372:Ducks / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007492:Iran; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D053833:Wetlands; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc