title: Case study: auditory brain responses in a minimally verbal child with autism and cerebral palsy.
abstract: An estimated 30% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remain minimally verbal into late childhood, but research on cognition and brain function in ASD focuses almost exclusively on those with good or only moderately impaired language. Here we present a case study investigating auditory processing of GM, a nonverbal child with ASD and cerebral palsy. At the age of 8 years, GM was tested using magnetoencephalography (MEG) whilst passively listening to speech sounds and complex tones. Where typically developing children and verbal autistic children all demonstrated similar brain responses to speech and nonspeech sounds, GM produced much stronger responses to nonspeech than speech, particularly in the 65-165 ms (M50/M100) time window post-stimulus onset. GM was retested aged 10 years using electroencephalography (EEG) whilst passively listening to pure tone stimuli. Consistent with her MEG response to complex tones, GM showed an unusually early and strong response to pure tones in her EEG responses. The consistency of the MEG and EEG data in this single case study demonstrate both the potential and the feasibility of these methods in the study of minimally verbal children with ASD. Further research is required to determine whether GM's atypical auditory responses are characteristic of other minimally verbal children with ASD or of other individuals with cerebral palsy.
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University Sydney, Australia ; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Shu H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University Sydney, Australia ; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University Sydney, Australia ; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Badcock
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University Sydney, Australia ; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University Sydney, Australia ; Department of Psychology, Macquarie University Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brock
keywords: Autistic disorder; auditory processing; autism; autism spectrum disorder; cerebral palsy; event-related potentials; language impairment; magnetoencephalography