title: Health Impact Assessment of PM10 and PM2.5 in 27 Southeast and East Asian Cities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the annual health impacts of particulate matter (PM) less than 10 μm diameter (PM10) and less than 2.5-μm diameter (PM2.5) in 27 cities in Southeast and East Asian countries (Japan, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Vietnam) for the year 2009 (n = 50,756,699).
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated the number of cases attributable to long-term exposure. We used a scenario that reduced the annual mean values for PM10 and PM2.5 to 20 and 10 μg/m, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A reduction in long-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 would have postponed 8% to 9% of all-cause mortality or about 37,000 deaths. One third of them were associated with cardiopulmonary mortality and one ninth of them were associated with lung cancer mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current air pollution levels in Southeast and East Asian countries have a nonnegligible public health impact.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Human Ecology (Drs Yorifuji and Tsuda), Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Japan; Public Health Medical Service (Dr Bae), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; Department of Public Health and Health Policy (Dr Kashima), Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University; Department of Epidemiology (Dr Doi), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics (Dr Honda), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Dr Kim), Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University; and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Dr Hong), Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Korea.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yorifuji
authors.forename: Sanghyuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001208:Asia; D002947:Cities; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D062489:Health Impact Assessment; D006801:Humans; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter