title: Influence of age on respiratory modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure and baroreflex function in humans.
abstract: What is the central question of this study? Does ageing influence the respiratory-related bursting of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and the association between the rhythmic fluctuations in MSNA and blood pressure (Traube-Hering waves) that occur with respiration? What is the main finding and its importance? Despite the age-related elevation in MSNA, the cyclical inhibition of MSNA during respiration is similar between young and older individuals. Furthermore, central respiratory-sympathetic coupling plays a role in the generation of Traube-Hering waves in both young and older humans. Healthy ageing and alterations in respiratory-sympathetic coupling have been independently linked with heightened sympathetic neural vasoconstrictor activity. We investigated how age influences the respiratory-related modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and the association between the rhythmic fluctuations in MSNA and blood pressure that occur with respiration (Traube-Hering waves; THW). Ten young (22 ± 2 years; mean ± SD) and 10 older healthy men (58 ± 6 years) were studied while resting supine and breathing spontaneously. MSNA, blood pressure and respiration were recorded simultaneously. Resting values were ascertained and respiratory cycle-triggered averaging of MSNA and blood pressure measurements performed. The MSNA burst incidence was higher in older individuals [22.7 ± 9.2 versus 42.2 ± 13.7 bursts (100 heart beats)(-1), P < 0.05], and was reduced to a similar extent in the inspiratory to postinspiratory period in young and older subjects (by ∼ 25% compared with mid- to late expiration). A similar attenuation of MSNA burst frequency (in bursts per minute), amplitude and total activity (burst frequency × mean burst amplitude) was also observed in the inspiratory to postinspiratory period in both groups. A significant positive correlation between respiratory-related MSNA and the magnitude of Traube-Hering waves was observed in all young (100%) and most older subjects (80%). These data suggest that the strength of the cyclical inhibition of MSNA during respiration is similar between young and older individuals; thus, alterations in respiratory-sympathetic coupling appear not to contribute to the age-related elevation in MSNA. Furthermore, central respiratory-sympathetic coupling plays a role in the generation of Traube-Hering waves in both healthy young and older humans.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shantsila
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham Centre of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.affiliation: Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fadel
authors.affiliation: School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol CardioVascular, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Julian F R
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.affiliation: School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol CardioVascular, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pickering
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012119:Respiration; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D012137:Respiratory System; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult