title: Alternatives to autograft evaluated in a rabbit segmental bone defect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to identify strategies for treating bone defects that can be completed on the day of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty New Zealand white rabbits with unilateral rabbit radius segmental defects (15 mm) were treated with commercially available scaffolds containing either demineralised bone matrix (DBM) or a collagen/beta-tricalcium phosphate composite (Col:β-TCP); each scaffold was combined with either bone marrow aspirate (BMA) or concentrated BMA (cBMA). Bone regeneration was assessed through radiographic and histological analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of nucleated cells, colony-forming unit-fibroblasts and platelets were increased and haematocrit concentration decreased in cBMA as compared to BMA (p < 0.05). Radiographic analyses of bone formation and defect bridging demonstrated significantly greater bone regeneration in the defects treated with DBM grafts as compared to Col:β-TCP grafts. The healing of bones treated with Col:β-TCP was improved when augmented with cBMA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scaffolds containing either DBM or Col:β-TCP with BMA or cBMA are effective same-day strategies available to clinicians for the treatment of bone defects; the latter scaffold may be more effective if combined with cBMA.
authors.affiliation: Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass BLDG 3611, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.affiliation: Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass BLDG 3611, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pilia
authors.affiliation: Arteriocyte Medical Systems, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raut
authors.affiliation: Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass BLDG 3611, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ledford
authors.affiliation: Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass BLDG 3611, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.
authors.forename: Stefanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shiels
authors.affiliation: Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass BLDG 3611, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wenke
authors.affiliation: Arteriocyte Medical Systems, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass BLDG 3611, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA. chrisrathbone29@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rathbone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064592:Autografts; D018775:Bone Demineralization Technique; D001857:Bone Matrix; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011817:Rabbits; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000628:therapy*; D013234:Stem Cells; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004338:Drug Combinations; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Bone marrow aspirate; Demineralised bone matrix; Rabbit; Segmental defect; Tricalcium phosphate