title: What is the correct staging and treatment strategy for locally advanced prostate cancer extending to the bladder?
abstract: In locally advanced prostate cancer with bladder invasion, frequently encountered problems such as bleeding, urinary retention, hydronephrosis, and pain create distress for the patients. Therefore patients' quality of life is disrupted and duration of hospitalization is prolonged. Relevant literature about accurate staging and treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer with bladder invasion was investigated. Locally advanced prostate cancer can present as a large-volume aggressive tumor extending beyond boundaries of prostate gland, and involving neighboring structures which can be involved as recurrence(s) following initial local therapy. Survival times of these patients can range between 5 and 8 years. Their common characteristics are adverse and severe local symptoms unfavorably affecting quality of life Control of local symptoms and their effective palliation are independent clinical targets influencing survival outcomes of these patients. The treatment outcomes of locally advanced prostate cancer into the bladder are currently debatable. Although in the current TNM classification, it is defined in T4a, we think that this may be categorized as a subgroup of T3 and thus encourage surgeons for the indication of radical surgeries (radical prostatectomy, radical cystoprostatectomy) in selected patient populations after discussing issues concerning consequences of the treatment alternatives, and expectations with the patients. Cystoprostatectomy followed by immediate androgen deprivation therapy may be a feasible option for selected patients with previously untreated prostate cancer involving the bladder neck because of excellent local control and long term survival.
authors.affiliation: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Research & Training Hospital, Dept. of Urology, Istanbul. ozgurhaki@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Özgür Haki
authors.initials: ÖH
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verit
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ürkmez
mesh_terms: D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology