title: Effects of anesthesia on conventional and speckle tracking echocardiographic parameters in a mouse model of pressure overload.
abstract: Genetically-modified mice are widely applied in cardiovascular studies as model organisms. Echocardiography is a key tool for evaluating cardiac and hemodynamic functions in mice. The present study aimed to examine the effects of isoflurane (ISF) on conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) parameters under healthy and pathological conditions using a murine model of pressure overload. In addition, the optimal dose of ISF in the process of echocardiographic measurement, with minimum cardiac contraction depression, was investigated. Conventional echocardiographic and STE examinations were performed on 38 adult C57BL/6 male mice. The mice were divided into the following three groups: The sham (n=15); mild thoracic aortic banding (TAB; n=15); and severe TAB (n=8) groups. ISF was administered under deep anesthesia (DA; 1-2% ISF), light anesthesia (LA; 0.5-1% ISF) and immediately prior to the mice waking up (awake; 0-0.5% ISF). Conventional echocardiographic parameters were preserved within the sham and mild TAB groups (P>0.05 for each parameter) under LA and awake conditions. However, under DA conditions, the majority of these parameters were reduced compared with the LA and awake conditions (P<0.05). In the severe TAB group, conventional echocardiographic parameters remained constant under LA, DA and awake conditions. STE parameters in the groups remained similar between the LA and awake conditions, but were significantly reduced under DA conditions. Therefore, conventional echocardiography and STE may be performed using LA induced with low doses of ISF, under various pathological conditions without affecting cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Social Work and Human Sciences, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manyande
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaofen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jinli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Cuntai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: echocardiography; heart failure; hypertrophy; left ventricular function; mouse