title: Adding glutathione to parenteral nutrition prevents alveolar loss in newborn Guinea pig.
abstract: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a main complication of prematurity, is characterized by an alveolar hypoplasia. Oxidative stress is suspected to be a trigger event in this population who has a low level of glutathione, a main endogenous antioxidant, and who receives high oxidative load, particularly ascorbylperoxide from their parenteral nutrition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  the addition of glutathione (GSSG) in parenteral nutrition improves detoxification of ascorbylperoxide by glutathione peroxidase and therefore prevents exaggerated apoptosis and loss of alveoli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ascorbylperoxide is assessed as substrate for glutathione peroxidase in Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Three-days old guinea pig pups were divided in 6 groups to receive, through a catheter in jugular vein, the following solutions: 1) Sham (no infusion); 2) PN(-L): parenteral nutrition protected against light (low ascorbylperoxide); 3) PN(+L): PN without photo-protection (high ascorbylperoxide); 4) 180 μM ascorbylperoxide; 5) PN(+L)+10 μM GSSG; 6) ascorbylperoxyde+10 μM GSSG. After 4 days, lungs were sampled and prepared for histology and biochemical determinations. Data were analysed by ANOVA, p < 0.05 RESULTS: The Km of ascorbylperoxide for glutathione peroxidase was 126 ± 6 μM and Vmax was 38.4 ± 2.5 nmol/min/ U. The presence of GSSG in intravenous solution has prevented the high GSSG, oxidized redox potential of glutathione, activation of caspase-3 (apoptosis marker) and loss of alveoli induced by PN(+L) or ascorbylperoxide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A correction of the low glutathione levels observed in newborn animal on parenteral nutrition, protects lungs from toxic effect of ascorbylperoxide. Premature infants having a low level of glutathione, this finding is of high importance because it provides hope in a possible prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Wesam
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Elremaly
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3T 1C5; Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Thérèse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3T 1C5; Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada H3T 1C5. Electronic address: jean-claude.lavoie@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lavoie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Apoptosis; Ascorbylperoxide; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Hypoplasia; Premature newborn; Redox potential of glutathione