title: Evaluation of a biomarker based blood test for monitoring surgical resection of oral squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The potential use of determination of biomarkers in blood for the monitoring of surgical removal of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) was evaluated using the epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  In tumor specimen, elevated Apo10 and transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Apo10 and TKTL1 biomarkers have been used prospectively for EDIM blood test in patients with primary and/or recurrent OSCC (n = 92) before surgery and after curative tumor resection (n = 45).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were highly significant (p < 0.0001) correlations found between EDIM blood scores and the tissue expression of both biomarkers measured by immunohistochemistry (Apo10: n = 89/92, 97%; TKTL1: n = 90/92, 98%). EDIMApo10 and EDIM-TKTL1 scores were positive in 92% (EDIM-Apo10: n = 85/92) and 93% (EDIM-TKTL1: n = 86/92), respectively, in patients with OSCC before surgery. The combined score EDIM-Apo10/EDIM-TKTL1 increased significantly the detection rate of tumors to 97% (n = 89/92). After surgery, the EDIM-TKTL1 and EDIMApo10 scores significantly decreased in 75.6 and 86.7% of the patients (p < 0.0001), respectively, in the aftercare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlation of TKTL1 and Apo10 immunohistochemistry with the blood test results indicates that the EDIM blood test could serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool (liquid biopsy) to assess surgical removal of OSCC by determination of two biomarkers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study that has been demonstrated a reliable and successful monitoring of OSCC cancer patients by a blood test. The specific and significant decrease of EDIM-TKTL1 and EDIM-Apo10 scores after surgery could serve as a new tool for monitoring surgical removal of OSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany. dr.dr.martingrimm@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Wiebke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kraut
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoefert
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krimmel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstrasse 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Biegner
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Teriete
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cetindis
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polligkeit
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kluba
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Adelheid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Siegmar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reinert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*; D010720:Phosphines / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014174:Transketolase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C091451:APO 10; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010720:Phosphines; C505431:TKTL1 protein, human; D014174:Transketolase
keywords: Apo10; Biomarker; DNaseX; EDIM blood test; Early detection and diagnosis; Oral squamous cell carcinoma; TKTL1; Tumor metabolism