title: Prenatal Depressive Symptoms and Postpartum Sexual Risk Among Young Urban Women of Color.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether prenatal depressive symptoms are associated with postpartum sexual risk among young, urban women of color.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed surveys during their second trimester of pregnancy and at 1 year postpartum. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, excluding somatic items because women were pregnant. Logistic and linear regression models adjusted for known predictors of sexual risk and baseline outcome variables were used to assess whether prenatal depressive symptoms make an independent contribution to sexual risk over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen community health centers and hospitals in New York City.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants included 757 predominantly black and Latina (91%, n = 692) pregnant teens and young women aged 14-21 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measures were number of sex partners, condom use, exposure to high-risk sex partners, diagnosis of a sexually transmitted disease, and repeat pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High levels of prenatal depressive symptoms were significantly associated with increased number of sex partners (β = 0.17; standard error, 0.08), decreased condom use (β = -7.16; standard error, 3.08), and greater likelihood of having had sex with a high-risk partner (odds ratio = 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-2.70), and repeat pregnancy (odds ratio = 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.72), among participants who were sexually active (all P < .05). Prenatal depressive symptoms were not associated with whether participants engaged in postpartum sexual activity or sexually transmitted disease incidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening and treatment for depression should be available routinely to women at risk for antenatal depression.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut. Electronic address: shayna.cunningham@yale.edu.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kershaw
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Clinical Directors Network (CDN), New York, New York.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cassells
authors.affiliation: Clinical Directors Network (CDN), New York, New York.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ickovics
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000523:psychology; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescent; Community health centers; Depressive symptoms; Practice-based research network; Pregnancy; Sexual risk behavior