title: The dynamic skeleton.
abstract: Adding to its well-known roles in locomotion and calcium balance, the skeleton has recently been appreciated as a true endocrine organ. Bone remodeling, a highly dynamic process, requires synchronized activities and crosstalk between bone cells. Discovery and characterization of the Wnt/β catenin pathway in bone formation, FGF23 regulation of phosphate homeostasis and osteocalcin in energy and glucose homeostasis have reframed our view of the skeleton from simply a target tissue of the endocrine system to an endocrine tissue itself. This comprehensive review provides an overview of these complex pathways, their application to human bone disorders and implications for developing diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Anda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonciulea
authors.forename: Suzanne Jan
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: de Beur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C000717427:FGF23 protein, human; D008903:Minerals; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23