title: Hydrogen Sulfide and Neuroinflammation.
abstract: The innate and adaptive immune system plays an important role in diverse forms of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases and peripheral nerve injury. Evidence for an innate inflammatory response in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was described 20 years ago, and subsequent studies have documented roles of inflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and a growing number of other CNS pathologies. Although inflammation may not be the initiating factor for neurodegenerative pathologies, experimental data suggests that persistent inflammatory responses involving microglia and astrocytes, as well as blood monocyte-derived macrophages, clearly contribute to disease progression. High levels of hydrogen sulfide exert toxic effects to CNS. On the other hand, low and physiological levels of H2S may have beneficial effects on number of tissues including CNS. For example, a number of studies have reported that H2S exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in CNS. In this chapter, studies related to the role of H2S in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration will be reviewed and discussed. In particular, we will focus on the role of H2S in neuroinflammation associated with PD.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Fumito
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ichinose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide