title: Transtheoretical Model Constructs' Longitudinal Prediction of Sun Protection Over 24 Months.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research examined dynamic transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs for adopting sun protection practices. This secondary data analysis pooled four large population-based TTM-tailored intervention studies and examined use of constructs across three groups, organized by longitudinal progress: maintainers, relapsers, and stable non-changers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3463 adults, in the USA, who met criteria for unsafe sun exposure at baseline received a TTM-tailored computerized intervention at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The final analytic sample consisted of 1894 participants; the majority were female, White, married, and middle-aged. The three groups were assessed with reliable and valid scales assessing use of TTM constructs at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months. Analyses included a MANOVA followed by a series of ANOVAs, with Tukey follow-up tests assessing differences in use of TTM constructs across the three groups at each timepoint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings demonstrated that relapsers and maintainers were similar in their use of most TTM processes of change at baseline, with the exception of Consciousness Raising, Stimulus Control, Reinforcement Management, and Self-Liberation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that although relapsers reverted to unsafe sun practices, their overall greater use of processes of change indicates that their change efforts remain better than that of stable non-changers.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA. miryam_yusufov@my.uri.edu.
authors.forename: Miryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yusufov
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Colleen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Redding
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Hui-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Velicer
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blissmer
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Prochaska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032763:Behavior Control / Q000379:methods*; D061345:Early Medical Intervention / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011379:Prognosis; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D013474:Sunstroke / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Behavior change theory; Health; Intervention; Relapse; Stages of change; Sun exposure; Transtheoretical model