title: Clinical Features of Patients Treated with Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Posttraumatic Paranasal Sinus Mucocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features of patients with posttraumatic paranasal sinus mucocele (PSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2009 and 2013, we performed endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on 68 patients with PSM at the Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery at Hyogo College of Medicine. Five male patients (age range, 45-76 years) with posttraumatic PSM were analyzed retrospectively. Diagnosis was based on the history of injury and radiological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Posttraumatic PSM was found in 7% (5/68) of patients. The mean interval from injury to diagnosis was 28.4 years. All patients had frontal sinus mucocele. Four patients had symptoms of headache, diplopia, visual field defect, and forehead swelling, and 1 patient was asymptomatic. ESS was performed under general anesthesia in all cases, and the symptoms improved postoperatively. Reoperation was required in 1 patient (20%) because headache developed with obstruction of the frontal drainage route 7 months after ESS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posttraumatic PSM was the least frequent form of PSM and was located predominantly in the frontal sinus, causing symptoms long after the forehead injury. The important lessons to be learned for treating posttraumatic PSM are to obtain a detailed history and to enlarge the route to the cyst to avoid its recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: Yoriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yukitatsu
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakagami
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome