title: Outcomes of Vitamin D Supplementation in Adults Who are Deficient and Critically Ill: A Review of the Literature.
abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is known to be common in the general population and has been linked to all-cause mortality. The classically recognized role of vitamin D is its involvement in calcium and phosphorous homeostasis and bone health. Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D may also play a role in other nonskeletal processes, such as anti-proliferation, immunity, regulation of hormone section, and muscle strength. An extensive literature review of vitamin D and critical illness from 2000 to 2015 (PubMed and CINAL) produced multiple observational studies revealing a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in intensive care patients. Many of these studies have indicated that there is an association between vitamin D deficiency and clinical outcomes such as mortality, sepsis, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay. This review article provides an overview of vitamin D physiology in adults, a summary of observational studies on vitamin D deficiency in critical illness, and an examination of the few clinical trials on vitamin D supplementation in intensive care patients.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of HEV, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI; and 2Department of HEV, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Roschelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heuberger
mesh_terms: D002112:Calcifediol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002117:Calcitriol; D002112:Calcifediol