title: Increased palmitate intake: higher acylcarnitine concentrations without impaired progression of β-oxidation.
abstract: Palmitic acid (PA) is associated with higher blood concentrations of medium-chain acylcarnitines (MCACs), and we hypothesized that PA may inhibit progression of FA β-oxidation. Using a cross-over design, 17 adults were fed high PA (HPA) and low PA/high oleic acid (HOA) diets, each for 3 weeks. The [1-(13)C]PA and [13-(13)C]PA tracers were administered with food in random order with each diet, and we assessed PA oxidation (PA OX) and serum AC concentration to determine whether a higher PA intake promoted incomplete PA OX. Dietary PA was completely oxidized during the HOA diet, but only about 40% was oxidized during the HPA diet. The [13-(13)C]PA/[1-(13)C]PA ratio of PA OX had an approximate value of 1.0 for either diet, but the ratio of the serum concentrations of MCACs to long-chain ACs (LCACs) was significantly higher during the HPA diet. Thus, direct measurement of PA OX did not confirm that the HPA diet caused incomplete PA OX, despite the modest, but statistically significant, increase in the ratio of MCACs to LCACs in blood.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
authors.forename: C Lawrence
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kien
authors.affiliation: Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
authors.forename: Dwight E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Poynter
authors.affiliation: Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
authors.forename: Janice Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Bunn
authors.affiliation: Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
authors.forename: Naomi K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Fukagawa
authors.affiliation: Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
authors.forename: Karen I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Crain
authors.affiliation: Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Ebenstein
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
authors.forename: Emily K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Tarleton
authors.affiliation: Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Koves
authors.affiliation: Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Muoio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010168:Palmitates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010168:Palmitates; C116917:acylcarnitine; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: cytokines; dehydrogenases; diet and dietary lipids; fatty acid; fatty acid/oxidation; incomplete β-oxidation of fatty acids; inflammation; innate immunity; lipids/oxidation; macrophages/monocytes; mass spectrometry; nutrition; oleic acid; palmitic acid; stable isotopes