title: Toward Two-Dimensional All-Carbon Heterostructures via Ion Beam Patterning of Single-Layer Graphene.
abstract: Graphene has many claims to fame: it is the thinnest possible membrane, it has unique electronic and excellent mechanical properties, and it provides the perfect model structure for studying materials science at the atomic level. However, for many practical studies and applications the ordered hexagon arrangement of carbon atoms in graphene is not directly suitable. Here, we show that the atoms can be locally either removed or rearranged into a random pattern of polygons using a focused ion beam (FIB). The atomic structure of the disordered regions is confirmed with atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images. These structural modifications can be made on macroscopic scales with a spatial resolution determined only by the size of the ion beam. With just one processing step, three types of structures can be defined within a graphene layer: chemically inert graphene, chemically active amorphous 2D carbon, and empty areas. This, along with the changes in properties, gives promise that FIB patterning of graphene will open the way for creating all-carbon heterostructures to be used in fields ranging from nanoelectronics and chemical sensing to composite materials.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics, PNM and ‡Faculty of Physics, VCQ, QuNaBioS, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.|The Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology and ∥School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotakoski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics, PNM and ‡Faculty of Physics, VCQ, QuNaBioS, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.|The Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology and ∥School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics, PNM and ‡Faculty of Physics, VCQ, QuNaBioS, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.|The Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology and ∥School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Yigal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lilach
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics, PNM and ‡Faculty of Physics, VCQ, QuNaBioS, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.|The Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology and ∥School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Ori
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cheshnovsky
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics, PNM and ‡Faculty of Physics, VCQ, QuNaBioS, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.|The Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology and ∥School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mangler
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics, PNM and ‡Faculty of Physics, VCQ, QuNaBioS, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.|The Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology and ∥School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics, PNM and ‡Faculty of Physics, VCQ, QuNaBioS, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.|The Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology and ∥School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Jannik C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Meyer
keywords: Graphene; amorphization; focused ion beam; scanning transmission electron microscopy