title: Stochastic effects in adaptive reconstruction of body damage: implied the creativity of natural selection.
abstract: After an injury occurs, mechanical/biochemical loads on muscles influence the composition and structure of recovering muscles; this effect likely occurs in other tissues, cells and biological molecules as well owing to the similarity, interassociation and interaction among biochemical reactions and molecules. The 'damage and reconstruction' model provides an explanation for how an ideal cytoarchitecture is created by reducing components not suitable for bearing loads; in this model, adaptive changes are induced by promoting the stochasticity of biochemical reactions. Biochemical and mechanical loads can direct the stochasticity of biochemical reactions, which can in turn induce cellular changes. Thus, mechanical and biochemical loads, under natural selection pressure, modify the direction of cell- and tissue-level changes and guide the formation of new structures and traits, thereby influencing microevolution. In summary, the 'damage and reconstruction' model accounts for the role of natural selection in the formation of new organisms, helps explain punctuated equilibrium, and illustrates how macroevolution arises from microevolution.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecology and Pollution Control of Coastal Wetlands, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecology and Pollution Control of Coastal Wetlands, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China.
authors.forename: Li-Qiang
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecology and Pollution Control of Coastal Wetlands, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China.
authors.forename: Tian-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lian
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D024510:Muscle Development; D009132:Muscles / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D013269:Stochastic Processes
keywords: adaptive evolution; cytoarchitecture; evolutionary novelty; macroevolution and microevolution; stochastic effects