title: The Neurobiology and Psychology of Pedophilia: Recent Advances and Challenges.
abstract: A pedophilic disorder is recognized for its impairment to the individual and for the harm it may cause to others. Pedophilia is often considered a side issue and research into the nature of pedophilia is delayed in comparison to research into other psychiatric disorders. However, with the increasing use of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI, fMRI), together with neuropsychological studies, we are increasing our knowledge of predisposing and accompanying factors contributing to pedophilia development. At the same time, we are faced with methodological challenges, such as group differences between studies, including age, intelligence, and comorbidities, together with a lack of careful assessment and control of child sexual abuse. Having this in mind, this review highlights the most important studies investigating pedophilia, with a strong emphasis on (neuro-) biological studies, combined with a brief explanation of research into normal human sexuality. We focus on some of the recent theories on the etiology of pedophilia such as the concept of a general neurodevelopmental disorder and/or alterations of structure and function in frontal, temporal, and limbic brain areas. With this approach, we aim to not only provide an update and overview but also a framework for future research and to address one of the most significant questions of how pedophilia may be explained by neurobiological and developmental alterations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Gilian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tenbergen
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittfoth
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frieling
authors.affiliation: Department of Sexual Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel , Germany.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ponseti
authors.affiliation: Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité - University Clinic Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité - University Clinic Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.affiliation: Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital Bochum , Bochum , Germany.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schiffer
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Tillmann H C
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kruger
keywords: child sexual abuse; epigenetic; etiology; functional and structural MRI; neurobiology; neurodevelopment; neuropsychology; pedophilia