title: Thermal and catalytic slow pyrolysis of Calophyllum inophyllum fruit shell.
abstract: Pyrolysis of Calophyllum inophyllum shell was performed in a fixed bed pyrolyser to produce pyrolytic oil. Both thermal (without catalysts) and catalytic pyrolysis process were conducted to investigate the effect of catalysts on pyrolysis yield and pyrolysis oil characteristics. The yield of pyrolytic oil through thermal pyrolysis was maximum (41% wt) at 425 °C for particle size of 1.18 mm and heating rate of 40 °C/min. In catalytic pyrolysis the pyrolytic oil yield was maximum (45% wt) with both zeolite and kaolin catalysts followed by Al2O3 catalyst (44% wt). The functional groups and chemical components present in the pyrolytic oil are identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. This study found that C. inophyllum shell is a potential new green energy source and that the catalytic pyrolysis process using zeolite catalyst improves the calorific value and acidity of the pyrolytic oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tagore Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: alagurm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Alagu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: ganapathy_sundar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: E Ganapathy
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.affiliation: Institute for Energy Studies, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: enat123@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Natarajan
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D029759:Calophyllum / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002384:Catalysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010316:Particle Size; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013818:Thermogravimetry
keywords: Al(2)O(3); Calophyllum inophyllum; GC–MS; Kaolin; Zeolite