title: Fiber and Saturated Fat Are Associated with Sleep Arousals and Slow Wave Sleep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep restriction alters food intake, but less is known about how dietary patterns affect sleep. Current goals were to determine whether: (1) sleep is different after consumption of a controlled diet vs. an ad libitum diet, and (2) dietary intake during ad libitum feeding is related to nocturnal sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six normal weight adults (30-45 y), habitually sleeping 7-9 h/night, participated in a randomized-crossover inpatient study with 2 phases of 5 nights: short (4 h in bed) or habitual (9 h in bed) sleep. Only data from the habitual sleep phase were used for the present analyses. During the first 4 days, participants consumed a controlled diet; on day 5, food intake was self-selected. Linear regression was used to determine relations between daytime food intake and nighttime sleep on day 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep duration did not differ after 3 days of controlled feeding vs. a day of ad libitum intake. However, sleep after ad libitum eating had less slow wave sleep (SWS, P = 0.0430) and longer onset latency (P = 0.0085). Greater fiber intake predicted less stage 1 (P = 0.0198) and more SWS (P = 0.0286). Percent of energy from saturated fat predicted less SWS (P = 0.0422). Higher percent of energy from sugar and other carbohydrates not considered sugar or fiber was associated with arousals (P = 0.0320 and 0.0481, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low fiber and high saturated fat and sugar intake is associated with lighter, less restorative sleep with more arousals. Diet could be useful in the management of sleep disorders but this needs to be tested.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, #NCT00935402.
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Research Center and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: St-Onge
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Research Center and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shechter
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Arindam Roy
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Choudhury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber
keywords: diet; food intake; sleep architecture; sleep duration