title: Characterization of green zero-valent iron nanoparticles produced with tree leaf extracts.
abstract: In the last decades nanotechnology has become increasingly important because it offers indisputable advantages to almost every area of expertise, including environmental remediation. In this area the synthesis of highly reactive nanomaterials (e.g. zero-valent iron nanoparticles, nZVI) is gaining the attention of the scientific community, service providers and other stakeholders. The synthesis of nZVI by the recently developed green bottom-up method is extremely promising. However, the lack of information about the characteristics of the synthetized particles hinders a wider and more extensive application. This work aims to evaluate the characteristics of nZVI synthesized through the green method using leaves from different trees. Considering the requirements of a product for environmental remediation the following characteristics were studied: size, shape, reactivity and agglomeration tendency. The mulberry and pomegranate leaf extracts produced the smallest nZVIs (5-10 nm), the peach, pear and vine leaf extracts produced the most reactive nZVIs while the ones produced with passion fruit, medlar and cherry extracts did not settle at high nZVI concentrations (931 and 266 ppm). Considering all tests, the nZVIs obtained from medlar and vine leaf extracts are the ones that could present better performances in the environmental remediation. The information gathered in this paper will be useful to choose the most appropriate leaf extracts and operational conditions for the application of the green nZVIs in environmental remediation.
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: H P A
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Nouws
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: jtva@isep.ipp.pt.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Albergaria
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delerue-Matos
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006812:Humic Substances; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D007501:Iron
keywords: Agglomeration; Green synthesis method; Reactivity; Size; Tree leaves; Zero-valent iron nanoparticles