title: Characteristics of self-measured home blood pressure in a Nigerian urban community: the NIPREGH study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the characteristics of self-measured home blood pressure (HBP) in a randomly selected population of Nigerians living in Abuja, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  HBP was the average of 28 measurements comprising duplicate morning and evening readings obtained over a 7-day period by the participants using a semiautomated oscillometric device. Blood pressure measured five consecutive times by trained observers using mercury sphygmomanometer was averaged as the office blood pressure (OBP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 337 participants included in the analysis, 46.6% were women and their mean age (SD) 40.3 (11.3). The mean, mean+2 SD and 95th percentile of HBP and OBP were 117/76, 147/96 and 145/93 mmHg and 114/73, 147/97 and 142/73 mmHg, respectively. The corresponding values in normotensive individuals were 113/73, 137/89 and 132/88 mmHg and 108/70, 130/88 and 128/84 mmHg. Morning HBPs were significantly higher than that of the evening, with a mean difference (confidence interval) of 1.8 mmHg (1.1-2.5 mmHg) and 1.9 mmHg (1.4-2.3 mmHg) for systolic and diastolic pressures, respectively (P<0.0001). There is a strong correlation between the office and home systolic (r=0.8, P<0.0001) and diastolic (r=0.7, P<0.0001) pressures. Overall, the HBP values were significantly higher than OBP, with a mean difference (confidence interval) of systolic/diastolic of 3.6 mmHg (2.5-4.6 mmHg)/2.3 mmHg (1.4-3.1 mmHg) (P<0.0001). The HBP/OBP difference was maintained in men and normotensive individuals, but in women and hypertensive participants, there was no significant difference between HBP and OBP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings have shown that self-measured blood pressure is feasible and can be used to evaluate blood pressure outside the clinic environment among Nigerians.
authors.affiliation: aResearch Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Studies Coordinating Centre, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja cDepartment of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria dTohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan eDepartment of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Augustine N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Odili
authors.forename: Bolaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abdullahi
authors.forename: Adaku M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nwankwo
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asayama
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Staessen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001331:Automation; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D009991:Oscillometry; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012494:Sampling Studies; D019722:Sphygmomanometers; D014505:Urban Population