title: Sleep-disordered breathing in children with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of our study was to ascertain the prevalence and type of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in paediatric patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on the results of polysomnograms (PSGs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Overnight PSGs were conducted on children with CKD stages 3-5 (dialysis dependent). Data were collected on patient demographics from the medical records. Study participants and/or their caregivers completed the paediatric modification of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale Score, the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory at the time of the PSG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen children were included in the study, of whom seven were on dialysis. The median (interquartile range) age at the time of the PSG was 13.5 (5.4-16.5) years, and eight (42%) of the children were male. There was a 37% (n = 7) prevalence of SDB in this cohort based on the PSG results. Central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea were found in three children each. The PSQ scores did not correlate with the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a high prevalence of SDB in this cohort of children with CKD. The PSG and validated sleep questionnaires yielded discordant results, reinforcing the limitations of diagnosing SDB in the CKD population based solely on sleep questionnaires.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 4539 Hill Wing, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. reshma.amin@sickkids.ca.|Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. reshma.amin@sickkids.ca.|Department of Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. reshma.amin@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Reshma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 4539 Hill Wing, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.|Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Nephrology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khamisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Mokali
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 4539 Hill Wing, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sayal
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 4539 Hill Wing, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.|Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Suhail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Saleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Indra
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Narang
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012890:Sleep; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Central sleep apnea; Chronic kidney disease; Dialysis; Hypoventilation; Obstructive sleep apnea; Paediatric