title: Nigrostriatal dopamine-independent resting-state functional networks in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: As an indicator of synchronous neural activity, resting-state functional networks are influenced by neuropathological and neurochemical changes in degenerative diseases. To further advance understanding about neurochemical and neuropathological basis for resting-state functional maps, we performed a comparative analysis of resting-state functional connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and drug induced parkinsonism (DIP). Resting-state neuroimaging data were analyzed with a seed-based approach to investigate striatocortical functional connectivity and cortical functional connectivity within the default mode network, executive control network, and the dorsal attention network. The striatal subregions were divided into the more or less affected sides in terms of dopamine transporter uptake. Compared with DIP, PD exhibited an increased cerebellar connectivity from the more affected side of the caudate and the less affected sides of the anterior and the posterior putamen. Additionally, PD showed increased functional connectivity in the anterior prefrontal areas from the more affected side of the anterior putamen and from the less affected side of the posterior putamen. However, PD exhibited decreased cortical functional connectivity from the posterior cingulate cortex in the left temporal area. Finally, DIP patients showed decreased cortical functional connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in frontal and parietal areas compared with PD patients. In summary, the present study demonstrates that PD patients exhibited a unique resting state functional connectivity that may be associated with PD-related pathological changes beyond the dopaminergic system, whereas DIP patients showed altered functional connectivity within executive control network.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jungho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Jung
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gwang-Min
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mun Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sunwoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: phisland@chol.net.
authors.forename: Phil Hyu
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014326:Tropanes
chemical_list: D014326:Tropanes; C087552:2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Dopamine independent network; Drug induced parkinsonism; Parkinson's disease; Resting-state functional connectivity