title: [Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using autologous gracilis tendon in an implant-free technique on the patellar side].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anatomic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using autologous gracilis tendon in an implant-free technique on the patellar side to regain patellofemoral stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recurrent dislocations, primary dislocation with high risk of recurrence, and dislocations with (osteo-)chondral flake fractures. As combined approach together with other procedures (trochleoplasty, tibial tubercle osteotomy). Revisions.
  
  
  METHODS
  As an isolated procedure in patients with high degrees of trochlear dysplasia, chronic dislocation of the patella, and patellofemoral maltracking without instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Harvesting of the gracilis tendon. Drilling of a V-shaped tunnel with a special aiming device in anatomic position on the medial side of the patella. Drilling of a femoral tunnel in anatomic position under fluoroscopic control. Passage of the graft, arthroscopic-guided tensioning, and femoral fixation with a biodegradable interference screw.
  
  
  METHODS
  Partial weight bearing (20 kg) for 1-2 weeks. No limitation in range of motion. No orthosis. Specific sports allowed after approximately 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perioperative complications associated specifically with the technique were observed in 1.0% (7 of 729 cases). In a series of 72 consecutive cases from May 2010 to October 2010, the following were recorded after 4.0 ± 0.1 years: recurrent dislocations in 3.2%, a Tegner activity score of 5.1 ± 1.8, and subjective satisfaction in 92% (follow-up rate 87.5%). No fracture of the patella was seen in any of our patients.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Sportorthopädie und arthroskopische Chirurgie, Orthopädische Klinik Markgröningen, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10, 71706, Markgröningen, Deutschland. j.richter@okm.de.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Sportorthopädie und arthroskopische Chirurgie, Orthopädische Klinik Markgröningen, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10, 71706, Markgröningen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Sportorthopädie und arthroskopische Chirurgie, Orthopädische Klinik Markgröningen, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10, 71706, Markgröningen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Immendörfer
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Sportorthopädie und arthroskopische Chirurgie, Orthopädische Klinik Markgröningen, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10, 71706, Markgröningen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Sportorthopädie und arthroskopische Chirurgie, Orthopädische Klinik Markgröningen, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10, 71706, Markgröningen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlumberger
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Sportorthopädie und arthroskopische Chirurgie, Orthopädische Klinik Markgröningen, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10, 71706, Markgröningen, Deutschland. philipp_schuster@gmx.de.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schuster
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D000071976:Gracilis Muscle / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D017847:Patellar Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D057071:Patellofemoral Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dislocation; Implant-free; Joint instability; Medial patellofemoral ligament; Patella