title: [Analysis of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in pediatric patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the incidence and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in pediatric patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data of totally 577 pediatric patients with AAD seen from January 2012 to January 2014 were collected; those children were divided according to age into 4 groups, 0.25 -1 year, >1 -4 years, >4 -12 years and >12 -18 years old groups, and 220 healthy children were enrolled as controls. CDI was tested by C. Diff Quik Chek Complete (QCC) and BD GeneOhm™ C. Diff Assay (BD-PCR) in all children, and the CDI incidence of four groups was added up. All pediatric patients with AAD were divided into mild, general and severe type according to different symptoms of diarrhea, and grading treatment, the general type and severe type of CDI children were treated with metronidazole and (or) vancomycin, afterwards, the results of grading treatment were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of pediatric patients with AAD were 178, 177, 132 and 90 in 0. 25 - 1 year, > 1 -4 years, > 4 - 12 years and > 12 - 18 years old group, respectively. The positive rate of CDI (22. 0% (39/177)) in > 1 -4 years old AAD patients was very significantly higher compared to the controls (4% (4/91), P < 0. 001), the rate of CDI (21. 2% (28/132)) in > 4 - 12 years old AAD pediatric patients was significantly higher compared to the controls (4% (2/53), P = 0. 004), the rates of CDI in 0. 25 - 1 year and > 12 - 18years old AAD groups were not significantly different from that of the controls (P >0. 05). There were 285 mild type AAD children (no CDI children), 176 general type AAD children (including 47 CDI children), and 116 severe type AAD children (including 81 CDI children). After grading and symptomatic treatment, there were 16 recurrent diarrhea in 128 CDI patients (severe type AAD), and the rest recovered. Two cases were transferred for referral treatment, 2 cases died, and the rest 12 recurrent diarrhea children fully recovered after administration of metronidazole, vancomycin, probiotics and symptomatic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The > 1 -12 years old AAD children had higher CDI rate than healthy children; administration of metronidazole and (or) vancomycin was effective for CD infection.
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Zihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Zaihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D014640:Vancomycin