title: Bacterial Cellulose Production from Industrial Waste and by-Product Streams.
abstract: The utilization of fermentation media derived from waste and by-product streams from biodiesel and confectionery industries could lead to highly efficient production of bacterial cellulose. Batch fermentations with the bacterial strain Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans DSM (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen) 15973 were initially carried out in synthetic media using commercial sugars and crude glycerol. The highest bacterial cellulose concentration was achieved when crude glycerol (3.2 g/L) and commercial sucrose (4.9 g/L) were used. The combination of crude glycerol and sunflower meal hydrolysates as the sole fermentation media resulted in bacterial cellulose production of 13.3 g/L. Similar results (13 g/L) were obtained when flour-rich hydrolysates produced from confectionery industry waste streams were used. The properties of bacterial celluloses developed when different fermentation media were used showed water holding capacities of 102-138 g · water/g · dry bacterial cellulose, viscosities of 4.7-9.3 dL/g, degree of polymerization of 1889.1-2672.8, stress at break of 72.3-139.5 MPa and Young's modulus of 0.97-1.64 GPa. This study demonstrated that by-product streams from the biodiesel industry and waste streams from confectionery industries could be used as the sole sources of nutrients for the production of bacterial cellulose with similar properties as those produced with commercial sources of nutrients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece. eri.tsouko@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Erminda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsouko
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal. c.kourmentza@fct.unl.pt.
authors.forename: Constantina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kourmentza
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece. ladakisdimitris@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ladakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece. kopsahelis@upatras.gr.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kopsahelis
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece. imandala@aua.gr.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mandala
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece. spapanik@aua.gr.
authors.forename: Seraphim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papanikolaou
authors.affiliation: Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras 26504, Greece. fpaluk@iceht.forth.gr.
authors.forename: Fotis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paloukis
authors.affiliation: LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1349-017, Portugal. vitoralves@isa.ulisboa.pt.
authors.forename: Vitor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece. akoutinas@aua.gr.
authors.forename: Apostolis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koutinas
mesh_terms: D000091:Acetobacter / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001711:Biotransformation; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005285:Fermentation; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D007220:Industrial Waste; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D013395:Sucrose; D002482:Cellulose; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans; bacterial cellulose; biopolymer; waste streams