title: The Effect of Ringer versus Haemaccel Preload on Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the most common and unpleasant postoperative complication. There is much controversy on preoperative fluid therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of crystalloid fluid (Ringer solution) versus colloid (Haemaccel solution) on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients receiving spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blinded clinical trial, 46 patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups. The crystalloid group received Ringer solution at a volume of 7 ml/kg and colloid group received 7ml/kg of 3% Modified Gelatin (Haemaccel) as a preoperative intravenous bolus. We used a Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) for assessing the nausea and vomiting occurrence. Data were analyzed using SPSS software ver.13 and χ(2) test and independent t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result showed that the incidence of PONV was less frequent in both Ringer and Haemaccel groups, but the incidence of vomiting and the intensity of nausea was not significantly different in any time point after anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that preoperative fluid administration decreases the incidence of PONV, and both Crystalloids (Ringer) and colloids (haemaccel) solution were found to be equivalent in prevention of PONV. Therefore using of either Ringer or haemaccel solution is recommended for prevention of PONV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghafourifard
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zirak
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine Faculty, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Broojerdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanj.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayendor
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanj.
authors.forename: Abolfaz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moradi
keywords: Anesthesia, spinal; Haemaccel; Postoperative nausea and vomiting; Ringer's solution