title: Therapeutic challenges after successful thrombectomy in a patient with an antiphospholipid syndrome associated M1-occlusion: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is a frequent disorder in patients with an antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Due to a high risk for further thromboembolic events, appropriate anticoagulation therapy in patients with an APS-associated stroke seems mandatory but drug eluting and duration is a matter of debate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 48-year-old female patient presented with Broca's aphasia and mild hemiparesis on the right side. Diagnostic work-up revealed left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion yet without diffusion-weighted lesions. Due to a thrombocytopenia (67.00 g/l) systemic thrombolysis was not indicated and endovascular treatment was initiated 150 min after symptom onset. After successful clot retrieval, recurrent re-occlusions lead to the necessity of stent implantation and anticoagulation, respectively. On day 5 she developed a new severe right-sided hemiparesis. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a subtotal restenosis of the left MCA despite the regular anticoagulation regime leading to a new left MCA ischaemic stroke. In the meantime, the unknown aetiology, the patients' age and the thrombocytopenia let to further diagnostic workup. Elevated blood parameters such as lupus anticoagulant (LA)-1, LA-ratio, positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), p-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), c-ANCA confirmed the diagnosis of APS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report showed the feasibility of mechanical clot retrieval and stent implantation in patients with APS. Due to the elevated risk of in-stent thrombosis a prolonged therapy with glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists in the initial postoperative period and further anticoagulation with coumarin derivate might be needed.
authors.affiliation: ET Department of Neurology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.affiliation: ET Department of Neurology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Johannes S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mutzenbach
authors.affiliation: ET Department of Neurology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalss
authors.affiliation: ET Department of Neurology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sellner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Abdul R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Al-Schameri
authors.affiliation: ET Department of Neurology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trinka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology/Researchinstitute of Neurointervention, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria m.killer@salk.at.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Killer-Oberpfalzer
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents; D017131:Thrombectomy
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants
keywords: Antiphospholipid syndrome; stent; stroke; thrombectomy