title: Is Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Obese Adolescents?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there is an association between metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in obese adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 240 pubertal children or prepubertal children older than 11 y recruited consecutively from the pediatric endocrinology unit, obesity clinic. Patients with tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy (grade 3/4), systemic illnesses, or chronic drug usage were excluded. After anthropometric measurement and laboratory study, patients were divided into two groups according to metabolic syndrome (MS): MS and non-MS. Overnight polysomnographic evaluation was performed and 104 subjects were included for statistical analysis. The two groups were compared in terms of sleep efficiency, number of awakenings per night, oxygen desaturation index, snoring time, and obstructive/central/ mixed apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the obese adolescents, 51 had MS and 53 did not. The AHI was ≥ 1 in 25 of the 53 non-MS children (47.2%) and in 25 of the 51 MS children (49%). The median obstructive AHI value was 0.9 (0.2-2.4) and total AHI was 0.9 (0.2-2.5) in the MS group; these values were 0.9 (0.25-3.55) and 0.9 (0.3-3.55), respectively, in the non-MS group. Obstructive, central, mixed, and total AHI values in the MS and non-MS groups were not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, we did not find an association between MS and sleep apnea in obese adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngologist, Erbaa Government Hospital, Erbaa, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Erdim
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Kucukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Teoman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akcay
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul Medipol University, Neurotology Fellow, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Rasim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yilmazer
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngologist, Konya Education and Research Hospital, Meram, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erdur
authors.affiliation: Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma Tulin
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kayhan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications*
keywords: metabolic syndrome; obesity; pediatric sleep apnea syndrome