title: Prospective Randomized Study of the Effect of Music on the Efficiency of Surgical Closures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Music is commonly played in operating theaters. Some surgeons believe music reduces stress and operative time, while others think music is a distraction and should be avoided. There is limited published evidence evaluating the effects of music on surgical performance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of music on simple wound closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plastic surgery residents were asked to perform layered closures on pigs' feet with and without their preferred music playing. Simple randomization was used to assign residents to the music playing first or music playing second group. The time to complete the repair was measured and repairs were graded by blinded faculty. Results were analyzed to determine significant differences in time to complete the task and quality of repair. Participants were retested in a second session with music played in the opposite order to evaluate consistency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Listening to preferred music decreased repair time by 8% for all plastic surgery residents (p = 0.009). Subgroup analysis demonstrated even more significant improvement in speed for senior residents (PGY 4-6), resulting in a 10% decrease in repair time (p = 0.006). The quality of repair was also better in the music group, at 3.3 versus 3.1 (p = 0.047). Retesting revealed results remained significant whether music was played first or second.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Playing preferred music made plastic surgery residents faster in completing wound closure with a 10% improvement in senior residents. Music also improved quality of repair as judged by blinded faculty. Our study showed that music improves efficiency of wound closure, which may translate to healthcare cost savings.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
authors.forename: Shelby R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lies
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
authors.forename: Andrew Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D023421:Models, Animal; D009146:Music; D009873:Operating Rooms; D061646:Operative Time; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000193:education; D013552:Swine