title: Sex-specific effects of sympatric mitonuclear variation on fitness in Drosophila subobscura.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of recent studies have shown that the pattern of mitochondrial DNA variation and evolution is at odds with a neutral equilibrium model. Theory has suggested that selection on mitonuclear genotypes can act to maintain stable mitonuclear polymorphism within populations. However, this effect largely relies upon selection being either sex-specific or frequency dependent. Here, we use mitonuclear introgression lines to assess differences in a series of key life-history traits (egg-to-adult developmental time, viability, offspring sex-ratio, adult longevity and resistance to desiccation) in Drosophila subobscura fruit flies carrying one of three different sympatric mtDNA haplotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found functional differences between these sympatric mtDNA haplotypes, but these effects were contingent upon the nuclear genome with which they were co-expressed. Further, we demonstrate a significant mitonuclear genetic effect on adult sex ratio, as well as a sex × mtDNA × nuDNA interaction for adult longevity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed effects suggest that sex specific mitonuclear selection contributes to the maintenance of mtDNA polymorphism and to mitonuclear linkage disequilibrium in this model system.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. mihailoj@bio.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Mihailo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jelić
authors.affiliation: Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE - 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden. goran.arnqvist@ebc.uu.se.
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arnqvist
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. kurbalija@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Zorana Kurbalija
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Novičić
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. bojan.kenig@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kenig
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. marija.tanaskovic@bio.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanasković
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. markoa@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.|Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. markoa@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.|Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. markoa@ibiss.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anđelković
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. marina@bio.bg.ac.rs.|Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. marina@bio.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stamenković-Radak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004330:Drosophila / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D061350:Sympatry
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial