title: Fecal Microbiota Transplant: Treatment Options for Clostridium difficile Infection in the Intensive Care Unit.
abstract: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has steadily increased in incidence since the 1990s, with an associated increase in recurrence and severity, which has in turn lead to more intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. The development of recurrent CDI, in particular, has been associated with increasing patient morbidity and mortality as well as an immense financial burden on the health care system. Recently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has received much publicity as an effective means of treatment for recurrent CDI. The goal of this review is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of CDI, with a particular focus on FMT and its utilization in the ICU.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA samuel.han@umassmemorial.org.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shannahan
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pellish
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000069467:Fecal Microbiota Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D000077732:Fidaxomicin; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D012294:Rifamycins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000078262:Rifaximin; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012294:Rifamycins; D000078262:Rifaximin; D000077732:Fidaxomicin
keywords: BI/NAP1/027; fecal bacteriotherapy; fecal microbiota transplantation; recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis; refractory Clostridium difficile infection