title: Surgical outcome and prognostic factors in patients with gallbladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gallbladder carcinoma is usually associated with an unfavorable prognosis, and the clinical outcome has not improved much. This study was conducted to evaluate outcomes with gallbladder carcinoma according to the type of surgery performed, and the prognostic factors for survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and six patients with gallbladder carcinoma, who underwent surgery for the purpose of curative resection between January 1999 and June 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 106 patients, curative resection was achieved in 75 (70.8%). The cumulative 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates of the gallbladder carcinoma patients were 93.4%, 80.9% and 63.0%, respectively. Radical resections, including extended cholecystectomy, were more beneficial for long term survival of patients. The 5-year survival rate in patients who underwent curative resection (56.9%) was significantly higher than in those who underwent palliative resection (0%, p=0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that curative resection, preoperative CA19-9, T-stage, N-stage and differentiation of histology were independently significant prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Curative resection and early detection of patients with gallbladder carcinoma were the most important factors for long term survival. Radical resection improves survival for patients with localized gallbladder carcinoma and can help to access exact prognosis and treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kun Kuk
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Nam
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Woon Kee
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Curative resection; Extended cholecystectomy; Gallbladder carcinoma; Prognostic factor