title: Effect of Nd:YAG (1064-nm) and Diode Laser (980-nm) EDTA Agitation on Root Dentin Ultrastructure Properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of agitation of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with 1064 nm Nd:YAG and 980 nm diode laser on root dentin microhardness and superficial roughness (with confocal laser scanning microscopy [CLSM]).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Root canal irrigants are used in an attempt to minimize the negative effects of smear layer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five bovine roots were sectioned longitudinally and divided into five groups (n=10 each): (1) deionized water, (2) 17% EDTA, (3) 17% EDTA with 60 sec manual agitation, (4) 17% EDTA with 50 sec diode laser (2 W) agitation, and (5) 17% EDTA with 50 sec Nd:YAG (1.5 W) laser agitation. Microhardness and superficial roughness values were calculated before and after the procedures at the cervical, middle, and apical root thirds. Microhardness was statistically analyzed using two way ANOVA, paired t test, and Tukey's tests (α=0.05). Roughness was statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, paired t test, and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α=0.05%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences in microhardness and roughness were observed between the deionized water group and others. EDTA with 1064 nm Nd:YAG or 980 nm diode laser presented the lowest microhardness and the highest roughness values and was significantly different from EDTA with manual agitation and EDTA only (p<0.05). However, there were no differences in microhardness or dentin roughness between the root thirds (p>0.05). CLSM analysis showed that the control samples exhibited smoother surfaces than that of the EDTA groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nd:YAG 1064 nm and 980-nm diode laser EDTA agitation caused greater reduction in microhardness and increased roughness of root dentin than EDTA only or EDTA with manual agitation.
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Department, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP , Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil .
authors.forename: Helena Suleiman
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: de Macedo
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Department, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP , Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil .
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Colucci
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Department, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP , Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil .
authors.forename: Danielle Cristine Furtado
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Messias
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Department, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP , Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil .
authors.forename: Fuad Jacob Abi
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rached-Júnior
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Department, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP , Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil .
authors.forename: Fernanda Silva
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Department, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP , Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil .
authors.forename: Yara Teresinha Correa
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Silva-Sousa
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Department, University of Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP , Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil .
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Raucci-Neto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004492:Edetic Acid; D006244:Hardness / Q000528:radiation effects; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D004492:Edetic Acid