title: Salvianolic acid A inhibits endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the numerous pharmacological agents available for hypertension therapy, hypertension-related microvascular remodeling is not resolved, eventually leading to end-organ damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protection of salvianolic acid A (SalA) against microvascular remodeling in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were administered 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg SalA via intraperitoneal injection once a day for 4 weeks. The tail-cuff method was applied to monitor blood pressure; the microvascular structure of the retina was detected by hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining; the function of mesenteric arteries was measured by DMT wire myography; endothelial cell proliferation was estimated using the Cell Counting Kit-8; endothelial cell migration was evaluated by wound healing and transwell assay; and endothelial cell integrity was detected by transendothelial electrical resistance and permeability assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although no antihypertensive effects of SalA were observed, SalA attenuated the microvascular inward remodeling of the retina and improved microvascular function in the mesenteries in vivo. Further cell experiments confirmed the beneficial effects of SalA on the integrity of the endothelial monolayer in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salvianolic acid A inhibited endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Therefore, salvianolic acid A could be a potential drug therapy to prevent further targeted organ damage induced by vascular remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road #103, Shenyang 110016, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Fukang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road #1200, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Defang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Hanayashiki-Midorigaoka, Takarazuka City 6660162, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Wanying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: De-an
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road #103, Shenyang 110016, China. Electronic address: yinjun826@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: jiangbh@simm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Baohong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D066253:Vascular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D007773:Lactates; C066201:salvianolic acid A
keywords: Hypertension; Microvascular remodeling; Salvianolic acid A; Spontaneously hypertensive rats; Vascular endothelial function