title: Region-specific changes in brain diffusivity in fetal isolated mild ventriculomegaly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of symmetric and asymmetric isolated mild ventriculomegaly (IMVM, atrial width 10-15 mm) on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in fetal brain areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven sequential fetal head magnetic resonance imaging scans (feMRI) of VM cases performed between 2009 and 2014 were compared to 38 normal feMRI scans matched for gestational age (controls). Ultrasound- and MRI-proven IMVM cases were divided into asymmetrical (AVM, ≥2 mm difference in atrial width), symmetrical (SVM, <2 mm difference in atrial width), and asymmetrical IMVM with one normal-sized ventricle (AV1norm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADC values were significantly elevated in the basal ganglia (BG) of the SVM and AV1norm groups compared to controls (p < 0.004 and p < 0.013, respectively). High diffusivity was constantly detected in the BG ipsilateral to the enlarged atria relative to the normal-sized atria in the AV1norm group (p < 0.03). Frontal lobe ADC values were significantly reduced in the AVM and SVM groups (p < 0.003 and p < 0.003 vs. controls). Temporal lobe ADC values were significantly reduced in the AVM group (p < 0.001 vs. controls).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isolated mild ventriculomegaly is associated with distinct ADC value changes in different brain regions. This phenomenon could reflect the pathophysiology associated with different IMVM patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various ventriculomegaly patterns are associated with distinct diffusional changes. Frontal and temporal lobe ADC values are altered bilaterally, even in asymmetric ventriculomegaly. Basal ganglia ADC values are elevated ipsilateral to the enlarged ventricle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. mdgalyaniv13@gmail.com.|The Institute for Research in Military Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. mdgalyaniv13@gmail.com.|The Dr. Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. mdgalyaniv13@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yaniv
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Eldad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katorza
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ronen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bercovitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Dafi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Gahl
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biegon
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology
keywords: ADC; Fetal MRI; Fetus; Ultrasound; Ventriculomegaly