title: Spiral laminar flow, the earliest predictor for maturation of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis access.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the gold standard vascular access for hemodialysis (HD). A thrill or murmur immediately after creation of AVF is considered a predictive sign of success. However, this does not ensure final maturation for successful HD. Our objective was to determine different clinical and duplex parameters within AVF to predict maturation and subsequent successful HD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study was conducted on 187 patients who had AVF formation from July 2012 to May 2013. Following surgery, all patients had Doppler ultrasound (DU) on Days 0 and 7. Doppler parameters noted in the outflow vein were: Thrill, broadening of spectral waveform with increased peak systolic velocity (PSV) and spiral laminar flow (SLF). Patients with at least one positive parameter at Day 0 were followed-up serially and underwent repeat Doppler imaging on Day 7. Patients with the absence of all three parameters on Day 0 were excluded from the study. Endpoint was maturation of AVF, i.e. successful HD. Statistical analysis was performed with binary logistic regression, to find out the strongest and earliest predictor for maturation of AVF using SPSS version 20.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SLF and broadening of spectral waveform with increased PSV were found to have a significant association with maturation (P = 0.0001). Presence of SLF on Day 0 most strongly predicted maturation. Presence of thrill or murmur could not predict the maturation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLF pattern in AVF is the most important and the earliest predictor of maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Surgery and Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Aneesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Transplant and Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Hira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Transplant Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Javali
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Transplant and Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nitesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patidar
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Transplant and Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sureka
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney Transplant and Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shikhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
keywords: Doppler; fistula; flow patterns; hemodialysis; predictor; spiral laminar