title: Comparison of clinical and functional outcome between surgical treatment and carbon ion radiotherapy for pelvic chondrosarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As there are no reports of studies in patients with pelvic chondrosarcoma treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT), the aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of CIRT for patients with chondrosarcoma of the pelvis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 31 patients with chondrosarcoma of the pelvis treated either by surgical resection or by CIRT between 1983 and 2014 were reviewed. There were 22 males and 9 females with a median age of 43 years (range 16-77 years). The median duration of follow-up was 66 months (range 5-289 months). Twenty-four patients underwent surgery, and 7 patients received CIRT (70.4 GyE in 16 fractions over 4 weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall local recurrence rate was 32 %, and the estimated overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 72 and 57 %, respectively. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 59 %. The treatment procedures (surgery or CIRT) did not affect overall survival (P = 0.347). However, the patients who underwent surgery had impaired function compared with those who received CIRT (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although more patients need to be monitored to assess the clinical and functional outcomes of CIRT for patients with chondrosarcoma of the pelvis, this treatment might offer an acceptable alternative.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashiknari, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan. hidetatsu77@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hidetatsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Outani
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashiknari, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashiknari, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sotobori
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center, 1-2-1 Kouto, Shingu-cho, Tatsuno, Hyogo, 679-5165, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Demizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakunaga
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashiknari, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joyama
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center, 1-2-1 Kouto, Shingu-cho, Tatsuno, Hyogo, 679-5165, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kudawara
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashiknari, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D063193:Heavy Ion Radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010384:Pelvic Bones; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Carbon ion radiotherapy; Chondrosarcoma; Functional outcome; Pelvis