title: Measurement of Crystalline Lens Volume During Accommodation in a Lens Stretcher.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the lens volume changes during accommodation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used data acquired on 36 cynomolgus monkey lenses that were stretched in a stepwise fashion to simulate disaccommodation. At each step, stretching force and dioptric power were measured and a cross-sectional image of the lens was acquired using an optical coherence tomography system. Images were corrected for refractive distortions and lens volume was calculated assuming rotational symmetry. The average change in lens volume was calculated and the relation between volume change and power change, and between volume change and stretching force, were quantified. Linear regressions of volume-power and volume-force plots were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (± SD) volume in the unstretched (accommodated) state was 97 ± 8 mm3. On average, there was a small but statistically significant (P = 0.002) increase in measured lens volume with stretching. The mean change in lens volume was +0.8 ± 1.3 mm3. The mean volume-power and volume-load slopes were -0.018 ± 0.058 mm3/D and +0.16 ± 0.40 mm3/g.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lens volume remains effectively constant during accommodation, with changes that are less than 1% on average. This result supports a hypothesis that the change in lens shape with accommodation is accompanied by a redistribution of tissue within the capsular bag without significant compression of the lens contents or fluid exchange through the capsule.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States 2Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, College of Engineeri.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marussich
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States 2Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, College of Engineeri.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manns
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nankivil
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States 2Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, College of Engineeri.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maceo Heilman
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States 2Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, College of Engineeri.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Esdras
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arrieta-Quintero
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States 3Brien Holden Vision Institute and Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia 4School of Optometry and Vision.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States 3Brien Holden Vision Institute and Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia 4School of Optometry and Vision.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Augusteyn
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States 2Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, College of Engineeri.
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Parel
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D009929:Organ Size; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence