title: Profile of the porcine acute-phase proteins response following experimental co-infection with H3N2 swine influenza virus and Pasteurella multocida.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute phase proteins (APPs) are proposed as potential markers of the health status in pigs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Circulating APPs in pigs co-infected with swine influenza virus and Pasteurella multocida.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum APPs were measured in co-infected and control pigs with the use of commercial ELISA tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All investigated APPs revealed significant changes in co-infected pigs during the study period. The concentration of C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA) increased significantly at 2 dpi, before respiratory signs and fever were observed. Concentration of Pig-MAP increased significantly at 3 dpi. C-reactive protein and SAA reaction were rapid but short-lived. The concentration of Hp and Pig-MAP in serum also increased at very early stage of co-infection but remained elevated for a longer period of time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maximal concentration of serum amyloid A correlated with the disease severity in pigs.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Swine Diseases , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pomorska-Mól
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Markowska-Daniel
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwit
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stępniewska
authors.forename: Zygmunt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pejsak
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D060085:Coinfection; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010326:Pasteurella Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016979:Pasteurella multocida / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006242:Haptoglobins; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; C095815:ITIH4 protein, Sus scrofa
keywords: Biomarkers; disease severity; pig; respiratory infection