title: Protein Hydroxylation Catalyzed by 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent Oxygenases.
abstract: The post-translational hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues, as catalyzed by 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases, was first identified in collagen biosynthesis. 2OG oxygenases also catalyze prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylation of the hypoxia-inducible factors that play important roles in the adaptive response to hypoxia. Subsequently, they have been shown to catalyze N-demethylation (via hydroxylation) of N(ϵ)-methylated histone lysyl residues, as well as hydroxylation of multiple other residues. Recent work has identified roles for 2OG oxygenases in the modification of translation-associated proteins, which in some cases appears to be conserved from microorganisms through to humans. Here we give an overview of protein hydroxylation catalyzed by 2OG oxygenases, focusing on recent discoveries.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Markolovic
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: sarah.wilkins@chem.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: christopher.schofield@chem.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Schofield
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D055162:Biocatalysis; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D056466:Histone Demethylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D064799:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D003094:Collagen; D007501:Iron; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D049308:Dioxygenases; D056466:Histone Demethylases; D064799:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases
keywords: 2-oxoglutarate; chemical biology; dioxygenase; enzyme catalysis; gene expression; hydroxylase; hydroxylation; post-translational modification (PTM); protein chemical modification; protein synthesis