title: Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by a Novel Species, Pseudochaetosphaeronema martinelli.
abstract: Among the opportunistic mycoses that are emerging in patients with immunosuppression or severe underlying illness, many isolates lack of characteristic sporulation and until recently could not be identified. Clinical signs are mostly nonspecific and therefore such infections have often been disregarded. In the present paper we describe a novel, nonsporulating fungal species causing subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in two patients of different origin. One is a 73-year-old female from Martinique who suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, while the other case concerns a 72-year-old male from Mexico who had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sequencing of the partial ribosomal operon revealed that in both cases a member of the order Pleosporales was concerned which could not be affiliated to any family within this order. Multilocus analysis revealed that the fungus was related to another, unaffiliated agent of human mycetoma, Pseudochaetosphaeronema larense, and therefore the name Pseudochaetosphaeronema martinelli was introduced.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desbois
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quist
authors.affiliation: Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miossec
authors.affiliation: Dermatologic Center of Yucatán, Merida, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atoche
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Service, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alexandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonifaz
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Peking University Health Science Center, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing, China; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia s.hoog@cbs.knaw.nl.
authors.forename: G Sybren
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: de Hoog
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008395:Martinique; D008800:Mexico; D008853:Microscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D060446:Phaeohyphomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000382:microbiology; D013492:Suppuration / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal