title: Decrease in Corneal Damage due to Benzalkonium Chloride by the Addition of Mannitol into Timolol Maleate Eye Drops.
abstract: We investigated the protective effects of mannitol on corneal damage caused by benzalkonium chloride (BAC), which is used as a preservative in commercially available timolol maleate eye drops, using rat debrided corneal epithelium and a human cornea epithelial cell line (HCE-T). Corneal wounds were monitored using a fundus camera TRC-50X equipped with a digital camera; eye drops were instilled into rat eyes five times a day after corneal epithelial abrasion. The viability of HCE-T cells was calculated by TetraColor One; and Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) were used to measure antimicrobial activity. The reducing effects on transcorneal penetration and intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye drops were determined using rabbits. The corneal wound healing rate and rate constant (kH), as well as cell viability, were higher following treatment with 0.005% BAC solution containing 0.5% mannitol than in the case BAC solution alone; the antimicrobial activity was approximately the same for BAC solutions with and without mannitol. In addition, the kH for rat eyes instilled with commercially available timolol maleate eye drops containing 0.5% mannitol was significantly higher than that for eyes instilled with timolol maleate eye drops without mannitol, and the addition of mannitol did not affect the corneal penetration or IOP reducing effect of the timolol maleate eye drops. A preservative system comprising BAC and mannitol may provide effective therapy for glaucoma patients requiring long-term treatment with anti-glaucoma agents.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Tadatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanino
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D065306:Corneal Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000633:toxicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013999:Timolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D008353:Mannitol; D013999:Timolol