title: Intramuscular water movement during and after isometric muscle contraction: evaluation at different exercise intensities.
abstract: We aimed at evaluating the effect of isometric muscle contraction on intramuscular water movement at different exercise intensities. Seven men performed 1-min isometric ankle dorsiflexion (20% and 50% maximal voluntary contractions [MVCs]) with a non-magnetic custom-made dynamometer, inside a magnetic resonance (MR) device. Axial diffusion-weighted images were obtained before, during and at 1-20 min (1-min interval) after the exercise to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the tibialis anterior. Under the same exercise condition, the concentration change of total haemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) (total Hb/Mb) within the tibialis anterior was assessed by performing near-infrared spectroscopy before, during and after the exercise outside the MR device. The 20% MVC exercise significantly increased the ADC only at 1 min postexercise (P<0·01), whereas the ADC significantly increased during and at 2-20 min after the 50% MVC exercise (P<0·01). The 20% MVC exercise decreased the total Hb/Mb during exercise (P<0·01), but the value significantly increased at 1 min postexercise (P<0·01). The total Hb/Mb significantly decreased during the 50% MVC exercise, but significantly increased at 1-5 min postexercise (P<0·01). One-minute moderate-intensity isometric exercise activates intramuscular water movement during and after the exercise. This activation was found even after a low-intensity exercise, but the effect was small and did not last long. The effect of intramuscular hyperaemia on the postexercise ADC elevation may be limited to the very early period after low- to moderate-intensity exercises.
authors.affiliation: Sports & Health Management Program, Faculty of Business & Information Sciences, Jobu University, Isesaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015444:Exercise; D018495:Fluid Shifts; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000097:blood; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D009211:Myoglobin
keywords: apparent diffusion coefficient; blood volume; diffusion-weighted imaging; isometric exercise; near-infrared spectroscopy; skeletal muscle; water molecules