title: [The 50th anniversary of the first liver transplantation: from myth to reality. Tributes to Thomas Starzl, 2012 Lasker Prize].
abstract: Chemical immunosuppression and the reversal of rejection permit to develop kidney transplantation and were incitative to start liver transplantation in 1963. However, the difficulties were many: wrong operative indications, inadequate immunosuppression, difficulty of etiologic diagnosis of jaundice, poor preservation of the graft. Cyclosporine was the key-step of the success.
authors.affiliation: L'Académie nationale de medicine.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Launois
mesh_terms: D001363:Awards and Prizes; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000266:history*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000266:history*; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine