title: Effect of Probiotics on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous clinical trials indicate that probiotic consumption may improve blood glucose control, however, results from randomized trials on glycemic control have been inconsistent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of probiotics on glycemic control in a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrial.gov through October 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q-statistic) and quantified (I2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen randomized controlled trials were included, in which 17 fasting blood glucose (n = 1105), 11 fasting plasma insulin (n = 788), 8 homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (n = 635) comparisons were reported. Probiotic consumption, compared with placebo, significantly reduced fasting glucose (MD = -0.31 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.56, 0.06; p = 0.02), fasting plasma insulin (MD = -1.29 μU/mL; 95% CI -2.17, -0.41; p = 0.004), and HOMA-IR (MD = 0.48; 95% CI -0.83, -0.13; p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Probiotic consumption may improve glycemic control modestly. Modification of gut microbiota by probiotic supplementation may be a method for preventing and control hyperglycemia in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Second Clinical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fangyao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Rongping
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017594:Publication Bias; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010919:Placebos