title: Readiness for health behavior changes among low fitness men in a Finnish health promotion campaign.
abstract: Men have been a hard-to-reach population in health behavior programs and it has been claimed that they are less interested in health issues than women. However, less is known about that how ready men are to adopt new health behaviors. This study examined readiness for change in physical activity (PA) and eating behavior (EB) among low fitness and overweight working-aged Finnish men who participated in a PA campaign. Associations among perceived health knowledge, health behaviors, psychosocial factors and readiness for change were studied. Data comprised 362 men aged 18-64. Physical fitness was assessed with a body fitness index constructed on the basis of the Polar OwnIndex Test, a hand grip test and an Inbody 720 body composition analysis. Health behavior information was gathered by questionnaire. Descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted by χ2test and Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Associations between health knowledge and health behaviors were explored with logistic regression analyses. Readiness to increase PA and change EB was positively related to higher scores in psychosocial factors, PA and healthy eating habits. Self-rated knowledge on health issues was not related to PA or readiness to change health behaviors; however, it was positively associated with healthy eating and greater perceived promoters of PA. Participants' self-rated knowledge reflected not only an interest in health but also the differences in age and education. Health programs are needed that target both PA and healthy eating in low-fit men at different ages and motivational stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (L), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland karoliina.s.kaasalainen@student.jyu.fi.
authors.forename: Karoliina S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kaasalainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (L), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasila
authors.affiliation: Fit for Life Program, LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Lutakonaukio 1, FI-40100, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Komulainen
authors.affiliation: Fit for Life Program, LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Lutakonaukio 1, FI-40100, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Miia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malvela
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (L), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poskiparta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005387:Finland; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: health behavior; health knowledge promotion; men; stages of change