title: Recent classifications of the common bile duct injury.
abstract: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now a gold standard treatment modality for gallstone diseases. However, the incidence rate of bile duct injury has not been changed for many years. From initial classification published by Bismuth, there have been many classifications of common bile duct injury. The initial classification, levels and types of bile duct injury, and currently combined vascular injuries are reviewed here.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwangsik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chun
keywords: Bile duct injury; Classification; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy