title: Obesity as a Potential Risk Factor for Blepharoptosis: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine obesity parameters as potential risk factors associated with blepharoptosis in a representative Korean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), conducted between 2008 and 2010. 10,285 Korean adults (4,441 men and 5,844 women) aged 40 years or older was enrolled. We compared body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage body fat (BF), according to the severity of blepharoptosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations of each obesity parameter with blepharoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of age-related blepharoptosis was 14.8 % in South Korea. There were significant and graded associations between increasing blepharoptosis severity and the mean value of obesity parameters (P for trend < 0.05). As marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) decreased, the prevalence of general obesity and overweight status increased (P for trend=0.121 in men and < 0.001 in women); the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased (P for trend < 0.001 for both genders); the prevalence of highest quartile of percentage BF increased (P for trend ≤0.001 for both genders). Blepharoptosis was significantly associated with general obesity in women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.14; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.32-3.47); and with the highest quartile of percentage BF in men (aOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.34-2.97) and in women (aOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.06-2.3317, after adjusting for age, smoking exercise, drinking alcohol, total energy intake, fat intake, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, and family history of eye disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The etiology of age-related blepharoptosis may be multifactorial and is unclear. Our results suggest that obesity parameters such as BMI, WC and percentage BF might be potential risk factors for age-related blepharoptosis in a representative Korean population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Do
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Wonkwang University, College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Duck
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 800 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yong-Moon
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D044466:Asian People; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids