title: Enhanced radial transport and energization of radiation belt electrons due to drift orbit bifurcations.
abstract: [1]Relativistic electron intensities in Earth's outer radiation belt can vary by multiple orders of magnitude on the time scales ranging from minutes to days. One fundamental process contributing to dynamic variability of radiation belt intensities is the radial transport of relativistic electrons across their drift shells. In this paper we analyze the properties of three-dimensional radial transport in a global magnetic field model driven by variations in the solar wind dynamic pressure. We use a test particle approach which captures anomalous effects such as drift orbit bifurcations. We show that the bifurcations lead to an order of magnitude increase in radial transport rates and enhance the energization at large equatorial pitch angles. Even at quiet time fluctuations in dynamic pressure, radial transport at large pitch angles exhibits strong deviations from the diffusion approximation. The radial transport rates are much lower at small pitch angle values which results in a better agreement with the diffusion approximation.
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University Laurel, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Ukhorskiy
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University Laurel, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Sitnov
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Millan
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University Laurel, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Smith
keywords: acceleration; bifurcations; radiation belts; transport