title: [Tumor necrosis factor alpha enhances apoptosis of all-trans retinoic acid-induced promyelocytic leukemia cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on apoptosis of human promyelocytic leukemia cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells were treated either by ATRA or by ATRA plus TNF-α. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by cell counting and annexin V-FITC/PI staining, respectively. Changes of CD11b expression on NB4 cells were observed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with NB4 cells treated with ATRA alone, NB4 cells treated with ATRA plus TNF-α showed slower proliferation and a higher rate of apoptosis during the whole process of differentiation, and had a higher ratio of CD11b positive cells on the second day of differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-α may have potential for strengthening the differentiation and apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells induced by ATRA.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunological Microenvironment and Diseases, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Menglu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunological Microenvironment and Diseases, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunological Microenvironment and Diseases, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Changying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunological Microenvironment and Diseases, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Immunological Microenvironment and Diseases, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000473:pathology*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014212:Tretinoin