title: Halogenated Natural Products in Dolphins: Brain-Blubber Distribution and Comparison with Halogenated Flame Retardants.
abstract: Halogenated natural products (MHC-1, TriBHD, TetraBHD, MeO-PBDEs, Q1, and related PMBPs) and halogenated flame retardants (PBDEs, HBB, Dec 602, Dec 603, and DP) in blubber and brain are reported from five Alboran Sea delphinids (Spain). Both HNPs and HFRs were detected in brain, implying that they are able to surpass the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain, which represents a new finding for some compounds, such as Q1 and PMBPs, MHC-1, TriBHD, TetraBHD, or Dec 603. Moreover, some compounds (TetraBHD, BDE-153, or HBB) presented higher levels in brain than in blubber. This study evidence the high concentrations of HNPs in the marine environment, especially in top predators. It shows the importance of further monitoring these natural compounds and evaluating their potential toxicity, when most studies focus on anthropogenic compounds only. While no bioaccumulation was found for ∑HNPs, ∑HFRs increased significantly with body size for both common and striped dolphins. Studies evaluating BBB permeation mechanisms of these compounds together with their potential neurotoxic effects in dolphins are recommended.
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barón
authors.affiliation: ‡University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstraße 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hauler
authors.affiliation: ‡University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstraße 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallistl
authors.affiliation: §Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD-CSIC), Americo Vespucio s/n, Isla Cartuja, 42092, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giménez
authors.affiliation: ∥Conservation, Information, and Research on Cetaceans (CIRCE), Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cádiz, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gauffier
authors.affiliation: ⊥Centro de Recuperación de Especies Marinas Amenazadas (CREMA), Aula del Mar de Málaga, Pacífico 80, 29004 Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: #Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía, Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Johan Gütemberg, 1, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Maldonado
authors.affiliation: ∥Conservation, Information, and Research on Cetaceans (CIRCE), Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cádiz, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Stephanis
authors.affiliation: ‡University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstraße 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eljarrat
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barceló
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000032:analysis*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004289:Dolphins / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D054879:Halogenation; D006802:Human Activities; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D013030:Spain; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D005411:Flame Retardants; D008055:Lipids