title: Bone mineral density in short bowel syndrome: correlation with BMI and serum vitamins C, E and K.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone loss has been established as a major extra-intestinal complication of short bowel syndrome (SBS). The purpose of this study was to correlate bone mineral density (BMD) with body mass index (BMI), serum vitamin and mineral levels in patients with SBS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on 13 patients (8 male and 5 female, 54.7 ± 11.4 years) with SBS (residual small bowel length of 10 to 100 cm). We determined the food ingestion, anthropometry, serum levels of vitamins C, A, D, E and K, as well as serum and urinary levels of phosphorus and calcium. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteopenia and osteoporosis was diagnosed in all but one SBS patient. Serum levels of vitamin D were low in all volunteers. Sixty-one percent of patients had vitamin E deficiency; hypovitaminosis A and C occurred in one subject. BMI and C, E and K vitamin serum levels correlated with T-score of BMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteopenia and osteoporosis were common in SBS patients. There was a correlation between BMD and the serum levels of vitamins C, E and K, an indicative that such vitamins may influence bone health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Bitu Moreno
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bizari
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vivian Miguel Marques
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Suen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio Sérgio
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Marchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco José Albuquerque de
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Selma Freire de Carvalho da
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cunha
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D001361:Avitaminosis / Q000150:complications; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014812:Vitamin K; D014810:Vitamin E; D010758:Phosphorus; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D002118:Calcium