title: A preliminary study of dopamine D2/3 receptor availability and social status in healthy and cocaine dependent humans imaged with [(11)C](+)PHNO.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous work in healthy non-human primates and humans has shown that social status correlates positively with dopamine 2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability imaged with antagonist radioligands and positron emission tomography (PET). Further work in non-human primates suggests that this relationship is disrupted by chronic cocaine administration. This exploratory study examined the relationship between social status and D2/3R availability in healthy (HH) and cocaine dependent (CD) humans using the D3-preferring, agonist radioligand, [(11)C](+)PHNO.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen HH and sixteen CD individuals completed the Barratt Simplified Measure of Social Status (BSMSS) and underwent [(11)C](+)PHNO scanning to measure regional brain D2/3R binding potentials (BPND). Correlations between BPND and BSMSS scores were then assessed within each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within HH and CD groups, inverse associations between BSMSS score and BPND were observed in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) and the ventral striatum, and for the CD group alone, the amygdala. After adjusting for body mass index and age, negative correlations remained significant in the SN/VTA for HH and in the amygdala for CD subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary data utilizing a dopamine agonist tracer demonstrate, for the first time, an inverse association between social status and D2/3R availability in the D3R rich extrastriatal regions of HH and CD humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States. Electronic address: david.matuskey@yale.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matuskey
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Gaiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Jean-Dominique
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gallezot
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Gustavo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Angarita
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pittman
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Nabeel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nabulsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ropchan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Paige
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: MaCleod
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Kelly P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Yu-Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Potenza
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Malison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006608:Hierarchy, Social; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010078:Oxazines / Q000378:metabolism*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000378:metabolism; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D010078:Oxazines; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; C042631:naxagolide
keywords: Cocaine; Dopamine; PET imaging; Social status; [(11)C](+)PHNO