title: Postmortem quantitative 1.5-T MRI for the differentiation and characterization of serous fluids, blood, CSF, and putrefied CSF.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether serous fluids, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and putrefied CSF can be characterized and differentiated in synthetically calculated magnetic resonance (MR) images based on their quantitative T1, T2, and proton density (PD) values. Images from 55 postmortem short axis cardiac and 31 axial brain 1.5-T MR examinations were quantified using a quantification sequence. Serous fluids, fluid blood, sedimented blood, blood clots, CSF, and putrefied CSF were analyzed for their mean T1, T2, and PD values. Body core temperature was measured during the MRI scans. The fluid-specific quantitative values were related to the body core temperature. Equations to correct for temperature differences were generated. In a 3D plot as well as in statistical analysis, the quantitative T1, T2 and PD values of serous fluids, fluid blood, sedimented blood, blood clots, CSF, and putrefied CSF could be well differentiated from each other. The quantitative T1 and T2 values were temperature-dependent. Correction of quantitative values to a temperature of 37 °C resulted in significantly better discrimination between all investigated fluid mediums. We conclude that postmortem 1.5-T MR quantification is feasible to discriminate between blood, serous fluids, CSF, and putrefied CSF. This finding provides a basis for the computer-aided diagnosis and detection of fluids and hemorrhages.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012, Bern, Switzerland, wolf-dieter.zech@irm.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Wolf-Dieter
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Zech
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schwendener
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Marcel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Warntjes
authors.forename: Fabiano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackowski
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood; D001826:Body Fluids; D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D005260:Female; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010496:Pericardium / Q000473:pathology; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000473:pathology