title: Craniocervical chiropractic procedures - a précis of upper cervical chiropractic.
abstract: Presented here is a narrative review of upper cervical procedures intended to facilitate understanding and to increase knowledge of upper cervical chiropractic care. Safety, efficacy, common misconceptions, and research are discussed, allowing practitioners, chiropractic students, and the general public to make informed decisions regarding utilization and referrals for this distinctive type of chiropractic care. Upper cervical techniques share the same theoretical paradigm in that the primary subluxation exists in the upper cervical spine. These procedures use similar assessments to determine if spinal intervention is necessary and successful once delivered. The major difference involves their use of either an articular or orthogonal radiograph analysis model when determining the presence of a misalignment. Adverse events following an upper cervical adjustment consist of mild symptomatic reactions of short-duration (< 24-hours). Due to a lack of quality and indexed references, information contained herein is limited by the significance of literature cited, which included non-indexed and/or non-peer reviewed sources.
authors.affiliation: Director of Research - Upper Cervical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: H Charles
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Woodfield
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Morrilton, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: York
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Clarkesville, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Roderic P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Rochester
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Alliston, ON, CN.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bales
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Mychal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beebe
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salminen
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Calgary, AB, CN.
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Scholten
keywords: adverse events; atlas; cervical; chiropractic; chiropractic adjustment; craniocervical