title: Long-term seroprotective response of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in HIV-infected children, regardless of immunogenicity before immunisation.
abstract: Influenza vaccination can reduce disease in HIV-infected children. The durability of the antibody response after trivalent influenza vaccine is important for management. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the durability of seroprotection for trivalent influenza vaccine strains and the factors effecting seroprotective response regardless of immunogenicity before trivalent influenza vaccine at one and six months after immunisation. Hemagglutination inhibition assay was done at one and six months. Seventy-five HIV-infected children were enrolled after vaccination. Four children were lost to follow-up. None of the children had confirmed influenza infection between immunisation and hemagglutination inhibition at six months after influenza vaccination. Seventy-one children were included in the final analysis and immunogenicity of trivalent influenza vaccine strains at one and six months. Of these, 27 (38%) had complete seroprotection (Group A) and 44 (62%) had non-complete seroprotection (Group B). Sex, age and the body mass index of both groups were not different from each other (p > 0.05). There was a higher mean CD4 level and more children with RNA ≤40 copies/mL among Group A compared with Group B (p < 0.05). Other factors did not differ significantly. The durability of the seroprotective response after trivalent influenza vaccine was associated with a high CD4 level and virological suppression before vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand vismool@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Visal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moolasart
authors.affiliation: Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Weerawat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Manosuthi
authors.affiliation: Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jarurnsook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ausavapipit
authors.affiliation: Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suthat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chottanapund
authors.affiliation: Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirirat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Likanonsakul
authors.affiliation: Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sumonmal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uttayamakul
authors.affiliation: Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Somkid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srisopha
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Hatairat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lerdsamran
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pilaipan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puthavathana
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D000071497:Immunogenicity, Vaccine; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D013785:Thailand; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: HIV-infected children; Immunogenicity; trivalent influenza vaccine