title: Association of endometriosis and breast cancer: mini review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endometriosis is a common, estrogen-dependent, gynecological disease, which is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Current data have associated endometriosis with specific malignancies, including ovarian and breast cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study is to summarize and present published literature providing evidence regarding the possible relationship between endometriosis and breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pubmed and Scopus databases were searched systematically for studies that sought to identify a potential association of endometriosis and breast cancer. 15 relevant articles were retrieved and included in the present review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A small number of observational studies have shown a correlation of endometriosis and breast cancer. Other studies found that the risk of breast cancer increases with age. The scenario of an early interruption of the inflammatory process, derived from endometriosis, by oophorectomy and a possible consequent decrease in the risk of breast cancer has also been proposed. The hypothesis that both conditions could be related through common mutations on BRAC1 and BRAC2 genes has also been investigated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The available published evidence is inconclusive. Further studies are needed to evaluate the association of endometriosis and breast cancer and the possible pathogenetic pathways that relate the two disorders.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Aretaieion Hospital, Vas. Sofias Avenue 76, 11528, Athens, Greece. f.anifantaki@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Foteini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anifantaki
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Aretaieion Hospital, Vas. Sofias Avenue 76, 11528, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boutas
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Aretaieion Hospital, Vas. Sofias Avenue 76, 11528, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kalampokas
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Aretaieion Hospital, Vas. Sofias Avenue 76, 11528, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalampokas
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Aretaieion Hospital, Vas. Sofias Avenue 76, 11528, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Chrisostomos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sofoudis
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Aretaieion Hospital, Vas. Sofias Avenue 76, 11528, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salakos
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004967:Estrogens; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens
keywords: Breast cancer; Breast malignancies; Breast neoplasm; Endometriosis