title: "Heart Bone"--The Case for the IHI Open School as Connector: A Model for Integrating Quality Improvement and Patient Safety into Health Professions Curricula.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The physician is guardian of the patient and obligated to both the "Science of Medicine" (SOM), defined by the randomized controlled trial, and the "Art of Medicine" (AOM), defined by patient safety (PS) and quality improvement (QI). Historically SOM knowledge has dominated AOM knowledge; however given the frequency of medical harm, a new paradigm is necessary. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement Open School (IHIOS) is accelerating AOM into medical curricula by connecting all stakeholders to the emerging PS and QI sciences, and doing so in an interprofessional manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  A South Dakota IHIOS chapter was established in 2011, connecting SOM to AOM knowledge for 600 students from eight schools and thirteen disciplines. Four specific foci included 1) interprofessional pilot project introducing PS and QI into first year curricula, 2) sessions for third-year medical students to assess Open School courses through faculty-facilitated small groups, 3) development of longitudinal quality and safety curricula, 4) integration of OS courses across South Dakota health professions schools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interprofessional pilot project demonstrated significant learning in 16 of 16 and 13 of 16 (p = 0.05) teaching points. The third-year sessions showed that PS and QI topics are viewed as important especially with faculty-facilitated case studies. Subsequently a longitudinal PS and QI curriculum was implemented. This led to the incorporation of IHIOS courses as core curricula in four South Dakota colleges and eight health disciplines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our work was one of the first large-scale efforts to measure learning via the IHIOS through the novel use of the chapter as connector. The model contributes to national efforts for paradigm change through interprofessional education.
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Wendell W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D006801:Humans; D061214:Patient Safety; D010865:Pilot Projects; D058996:Quality Improvement; D013023:South Dakota