title: Drug-induced sleep endoscopy in the identification of obstruction sites in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has multifactorial causes. Although indications for surgery are evaluated by well-known diagnostic tests in the awake state, these do not always correlate with satisfactory surgical results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To undertake a systematic review on endoscopy during sleep, as one element of the diagnosis routine, aiming to identify upper airway obstruction sites in adult patients with OSAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  By means of electronic databases, a systematic review was performed of studies using drug-induced sleep endoscopy to identify obstruction sites in patients with OSAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten articles were selected that demonstrated the importance of identifying multilevel obstruction, especially in relation to retrolingual and laryngeal collapse in OSAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DISE is an additional method to reveal obstruction sites that have not been detected in awake patients.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Neurology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias (HNMD), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: aloncovianajr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alonço da Cunha
authors.initials: Ada C
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Clinical Research and Technology Incorporation, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Claudio Santos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Thuler
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Neurology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Helena de
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Araújo-Melo
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives
keywords: Apneia do sono tipo obstrutiva; Endoscopia; Endoscopy; Medicina do sono; Obstructive sleep apnea; Ronco; Sleep; Sleep disorders; Sleep medicine specialty; Snoring; Sono; Transtornos do sono