title: The Effects of Topical Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Oil on Pain Severity and Amount of Received Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Patients With Upper or Lower Extremities Trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most patients with trauma experience different levels of pain. Due to side effects as well as economic burden of drugs used for pain relief after trauma commonly, it is important to use low-cost methods independently or combined with drugs to alleviate pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of topical sesame oil on pain severity and frequency of received NSAIDs of patients with trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 150 patients with upper or lower extremities trauma in Dezful Ganjavian Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, in 2014. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients were divided into two groups of control (n = 75) and intervention (n = 75) randomly. In the intervention group, patients applied topical sesame oil beside the routine cares, while in the control group patients just received routine cares. Severity of pain and frequency of received NSAIDs was assessed in the first, third, seventh and tenth days after the intervention in the both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS19 software using descriptive and analytic (Chi-square and independent sample t-test) statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on student sample t-test, there was a significant difference between intervention and control groups regarding the pain severity in the first (P = 0.06), third (P = 0.001), seventh (P = 0.001) and tenth (P = 0.001) days after the intervention. Besides, the frequency of received NSAIDs in the intervention group and the control group showed significant difference in four days after the intervention (for four days P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical application of sesame oil could reduce pain severity and frequency of received NSAIDs in patients with upper or lower extremities trauma. Therefore, it is recommended to use this oil in complementary medicine for pain relief due to low cost, easy usage and lack of adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh Beigom
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bigdeli Shamloo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Nursing and Midwifery School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Aazam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabirian
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Medicine School, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakhtiyari
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Faraz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mojab
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Statistic, Health School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alavi Majd
keywords: Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; Non-Steroid; Pain Severity; Sesame Oil; Trauma