title: Predictive value of markers of inflammation in the postthrombotic syndrome: a systematic review: inflammatory biomarkers and PTS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a chronic complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Inflammation may contribute to its pathophysiology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a systematic review of studies that analyzed the association between biomarkers of inflammation and PTS in DVT patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for studies published until March 2015 that measured blood inflammation biomarker levels in adult DVT patients and reported their association with PTS development. Two reviewers independently performed full text assessment and data extraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten studies were included. Nine reported on the association between C-reactive protein and PTS; Interleukin (IL)-6 was measured in six studies; IL-8 in four studies; Intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in three studies; IL-10 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in two studies; and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, matrix metalloprotease-9, P-Selectin, tumor necrosis factor α and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured in one study. Studies differed in terms of populations included, exclusion criteria, methods used for biomarker measurement and statistical measures of association between biomarkers and PTS. We were able to metaanalyze results only for IL-6 and found no significant association. Descriptively, ICAM-1 was significantly associated with PTS in two out of three studies that measured it. Other biomarkers did not demonstrate a significant association with PTS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our systematic review found conflicting results regarding the role of inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of PTS. ICAM -1 appears to be a promising marker for further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabinovich
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: susan.kahn@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D054070:Postthrombotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers; Inflammation; Postthrombotic Syndrome; Risk Factors; Venous Thromboembolism