title: Behavioral Dysphonia and Depression in Elementary School Teachers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the relationship between behavioral dysphonia and current depressive episodes in municipal elementary school teachers. We hypothesize that teachers with behavioral dysphonia will be more susceptible to psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study, quantitative, conducted across municipal schools in both rural and urban regions of Pelotas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-hundred seventy-five teachers from urban and rural areas of the same Brazilian state were included. The full version of the Voice Handicap Index validated into Brazilian Portuguese was used to determine the presence of behavioral dysphonia. A profile of vocal behaviors was also used to quantify the number of phonotraumatic events. In addition, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to determine current episodes of depression. Data were analyzed via correlative studies using chi-square and Poisson regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across all teachers, the prevalence of dysphonia was 33.9% and 55% reported that they had already taken a leave because of their voice. Those teachers with a current depressive episode had a higher rate of dysphonia compared with those without depression (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.66; P < 0.000). Teachers who presented with a risk of serious vocal problems had a prevalence ratio of 2.58, indicating a greater proportion of dysphonia, whereas teachers classified as champions of abuse were five times more likely compared with those teachers with behaved or candidates for voice problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an association between behavioral dysphonia and current depressive episodes in elementary school teachers.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marques da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behlau
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Electronic address: luciano.dms@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dias de Mattos Souza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005178:Faculty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Depression; Dysphonia; Faculty