title: Recommendations for screening and early detection of common cancers in India.
abstract: Cancers of the breast, uterine cervix, and lip or oral cavity are three of the most common malignancies in India. Together, they account for about 34% of more than 1 million individuals diagnosed with cancer in India each year. At each of these cancer sites, tumours are detectable at early stages when they are most likely to be cured with standard treatment protocols. Recognising the key role that effective early detection and screening programmes could have in reducing the cancer burden, the Indian Institute for Cytology and Preventive Oncology, in collaboration with the US National Cancer Institute Center for Global Health, held a workshop to summarise feasible options and relevant evidence for screening and early detection of common cancers in India. The evidence-based recommendations provided in this Review are intended to act as a guide for policy makers, clinicians, and public health practitioners who are developing and implementing strategies in cancer control for the three most common cancers in India.
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: rajarama@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Preetha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajaraman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Global Health Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.affiliation: Preventive Oncology International and Department of Surgery, Women's Health Institute, Lerner School of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jerome L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Belinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Services, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Anil D'
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India.
authors.forename: Preet K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.affiliation: Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Tenkasi S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jawahar
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, IIT Madras Research Park, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India.
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kailash
authors.affiliation: Africa Centre of Excellence for Women's Cancer Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapambwe
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vishwa Mohan
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Katoch
authors.affiliation: Women's Global Health Imperative, Research Triangle Institute International, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Suneeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India.
authors.forename: Dharitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: Early Detection & Prevention Section and Screening Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sankaranarayanan
authors.affiliation: Tamil Nadu Health Systems Project, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Jerard M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Selvam
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Keerti V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Surendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shastri
authors.affiliation: Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India.
authors.forename: Krithiga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shridhar
authors.affiliation: Cancer Foundation of India, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Maqsood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivaram
authors.affiliation: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Tulika
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.affiliation: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trimble
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003906:Developing Countries; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000592:standards*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control