title: Granuloma Annulare.
abstract: Granuloma annulare (GA) is a noninfectious granulomatous skin condition that can present with a variety of cutaneous morphologies. It is characterized by collagen degeneration, mucin deposition, and palisaded or interstitial histiocytes. Although the mechanism underlying development of GA is unknown, studies point to a cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to an as-yet undetermined antigen. Systemic associations with diabetes, thyroid disorders, lipid abnormalities, malignancy, and infection are described in atypical GA. Treatment is divided into localized skin-directed therapies and systemic immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapies. The selected treatment modality should be based on disease severity, comorbid conditions, consideration of potential side effects, and patient preference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 676 North St Clair, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: ekeimig@nmff.org.
authors.forename: Emily Louise
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Keimig
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000276:immunology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D016460:Granuloma Annulare / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D012176:Retinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*; D014467:Ultraviolet Therapy
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D003176:Complement C3; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012176:Retinoids; D013754:Tetracyclines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: GA diabetes; GA etiology; GA hyperlipidemia; GA infection; GA malignancy; GA thyroid; GA treatment; Granuloma annulare (GA)