title: Trial watch: Naked and vectored DNA-based anticancer vaccines.
abstract: One type of anticancer vaccine relies on the administration of DNA constructs encoding one or multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The ultimate objective of these preparations, which can be naked or vectored by non-pathogenic viruses, bacteria or yeast cells, is to drive the synthesis of TAAs in the context of an immunostimulatory milieu, resulting in the (re-)elicitation of a tumor-targeting immune response. In spite of encouraging preclinical results, the clinical efficacy of DNA-based vaccines employed as standalone immunotherapeutic interventions in cancer patients appears to be limited. Thus, efforts are currently being devoted to the development of combinatorial regimens that allow DNA-based anticancer vaccines to elicit clinically relevant immune responses. Here, we discuss recent advances in the preclinical and clinical development of this therapeutic paradigm.
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bloy
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Aitziber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buqué
authors.affiliation: Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Faculté de Medicine; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI ; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Sotio a.c ; Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castoldi
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eggermont
authors.affiliation: INSERM , U1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cremer
authors.affiliation: INSERM , U1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sautès-Fridman
authors.affiliation: Sotio a.c ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Dept. of Immunology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Charles University ; Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fucikova
authors.affiliation: INSERM , U1138; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galon
authors.affiliation: Sotio a.c ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Dept. of Immunology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Charles University ; Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spisek
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; INSERM , U970; Paris, France ; Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC) ; Paris, France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP); AP-HP ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tartour
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zitvogel
authors.affiliation: INSERM , U1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
keywords: AFP, α-fetoprotein; APC, antigen-presenting cell; CDR, complementarity-determining region; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; CTLA4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4; DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern; DC, dendritic cell; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GX-188E; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; HPV, human papillomavirus; IL, interleukin; OS, overall survival; OVA, ovalbumin; PAP, prostate acid phosphatase; SCGB2A2, secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2; SOX2, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2; T, brachyury homolog; TAA, tumor-associated antigen; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TRA, tumor rejection antigen; Treg, regulatory T cell; VGX-3100; WT1, Wilms tumor 1; adjuvants; dendritic cell; electroporation; mucosal immunity