title: Beyond the Immune Suppression: The Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer.
abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. As well in many other human cancers, inflammation and immune suppression have an important role in their development. We briefly describe the host components that interact with the tumor to generate an immune suppressive environment involved in PCa promotion and progression. Different tools provide to overcome the mechanisms of immunosuppression including vaccines and immune checkpoint blockades. With regard to this, we report results of most recent clinical trials investigating immunotherapy in metastatic PCa (Sipuleucel-T, ipilimumab, tasquinimod, Prostvac-VF, and GVAX) and provide possible future perspectives combining the immunotherapy to the traditional therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cattarino
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aglianò
authors.affiliation: Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi" Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collalti
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sciarra
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008297:Male; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*