title: Mortality from Parkinson's disease in China: Findings from a five-year follow up study in Shanghai.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mortality of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its associated risk factors among clinically definite PD patients in China has been rarely investigated. Our study aimed to identify the mortality rates and predictors of death in PD patients in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  157 consecutive, clinically definite PD patients from the urban area of Shanghai were recruited from a central hospital based movement disorder clinic in 2006. All patients were regularly followed up at the clinic until December 31, 2011, or death. Mortality and associations with baseline demographics, health and medical factors were then determined within the cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 5 years, 11(7%) patients had died. The standardised mortality ratio was 0.62 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.07, P=0.104). The main causes of death were pneumonia (54.5%, 6/11) and digestive disorders (18.2%, 2/11), respectively. Age at onset, independent living, the mini mental state examination score, the Parkinson's disease sleep scale score and the Epworth sleepiness scale score at baseline were statistically significantly different between the survival group and the deceased group (P<0.05). Across all participants, risk factors for death included low mini mental state examination score, and high Epworth sleepiness scale score according to a binary variable logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the similar survival of patients with PD to the control population up to a follow-up of 5 years. Interventions tailored to potential risk factors associated with death may offer further benefits.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology,Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 2Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Xin-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 3National Survey Research Center,Renmin University of China,Beijing,China.
authors.forename: Yi-Song
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology,Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: 2Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Chun-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology,Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology,Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology,Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Jian-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology,Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology,Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology,Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Yu-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology,Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology,Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai.
authors.forename: Sheng-Di
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004066:Digestive System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000401:mortality*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Cognitive impairment; Parkinson’s disease; excessive daytime sleepiness; mortality