title: Beneficial effects of levobupivacaine regional anaesthesia on postoperative opioid induced hyperalgesia in diabetic mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes and causes various problems in daily life. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of regional anaesthesia on post surgery opioid induced hyperalgesia in diabetic and non-diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic and non-diabetic mice underwent plantar surgery. Levobupivacaine and sufentanil were used before surgery, for sciatic nerve block (regional anaesthesia) and analgesia, respectively. Diabetic and non-diabetic groups were each randomly assigned to three subgroups: control, no sufentanil and no levobupivacaine; sufentanil and no levobupivacaine; sufentanil and levobupivacaine. Three tests were used to assess pain behaviour: mechanical nociception; thermal nociception and guarding behaviours using a pain scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sufentanil, alone or in combination with levobupivacaine, produced antinociceptive effects shortly after administration. Subsequently, sufentanil induced hyperalgesia in diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia was enhanced in diabetic mice. Levobupivacaine associated to sufentanil completely prevented hyperalgesia in both groups of mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that regional anaesthesia can decrease opioid-induced hyperalgesia in diabetic as well as in non-diabetic mice. These observations may be clinically relevant for the management of diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, IUCT Oncopôle, 1 Avenue du Juliot Curie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France. brouchet.anne@chu-toulouse.fr.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomez-Brouchet
authors.affiliation: Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, INSERM, U1048, Université Paul Sabatier, 31432, Toulouse, France. nelly.blaes@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blaes
authors.affiliation: CNRS, IPBS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France. mouled@ipbs.fr.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mouledous
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Toulouse University Hospital, 31432, Toulouse, France. fourcade.o@chu-toulouse.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fourcade
authors.affiliation: Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, INSERM, U1048, Université Paul Sabatier, 31432, Toulouse, France. tack.i@chu-toulouse.fr.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tack
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, CNRS, UMR 5169, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France. bernard.frances@univ-tlse3.fr.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Francès
authors.affiliation: Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, INSERM, U1048, Université Paul Sabatier, 31432, Toulouse, France. jeanpierregirolami@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Girolami
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Toulouse University Hospital, 31432, Toulouse, France. minville.v@chu-toulouse.fr.|Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, INSERM, U1048, Université Paul Sabatier, 31432, Toulouse, France. minville.v@chu-toulouse.fr.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Minville
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009407:Nerve Block; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine