title: Serological profile of foot-and-mouth disease in wildlife populations of West and Central Africa with special reference to Syncerus caffer subspecies.
abstract: The role which West and Central African wildlife populations might play in the transmission dynamics of FMD is not known nor have studies been performed in order to assess the distribution and prevalence of FMD in wild animal species inhabiting those specific regions of Africa. This study reports the FMD serological profile extracted from samples (n = 696) collected from wildlife of West and Central Africa between 1999 and 2003. An overall prevalence of FMDV NSP reactive sera of 31.0% (216/696) was estimated, where a significant difference in seropositivity (p = 0.000) was reported for buffalo (64.8%) as opposed to other wild animal species tested (17.8%). Different levels of exposure to the FMDV resulted for each of the buffalo subspecies sampled (p = 0.031): 68.4%, 50.0% and 0% for Nile Buffalo, West African Buffalo and African Forest Buffalo, respectively. The characterisation of the FMDV serotypes tested for buffalo found presence of antibodies against all the six FMDV serotypes tested, although high estimates for type O and SAT 3 were reported for Central Africa. Different patterns of reaction to the six FMDV serotypes tested were recorded, from sera only positive for a single serotype to multiple reactivities. The results confirmed that FMDV circulates in wild ruminants populating both West and Central Africa rangelands and in particular in buffalo, also suggesting that multiple FMDV serotypes might be involved with type O, SAT 2 and SAT 1 being dominant. Differences in serotype and spill-over risk between wildlife and livestock likely reflect regional geography, historical circulation and differing trade and livestock systems.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. a.di-nardo.1@research.gla.ac.uk.|The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, Woking, United Kingdom. a.di-nardo.1@research.gla.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Nardo
authors.affiliation: Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Contrôle des Maladies, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France. genevieve.libeau@cirad.fr.
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Libeau
authors.affiliation: African Protected Areas & Wildlife Expert, Saint Cloud, France. bertrand.chardonnet@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chardonnet
authors.affiliation: International Foundation for the Conservation of Wildlife (IGF), Paris, France. p.chardonnet@fondation-igf.fr.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chardonnet
authors.affiliation: Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, United Kingdom. rkock@rvc.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kock
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, Woking, United Kingdom. krupali.parekh@pirbright.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Krupali
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, Woking, United Kingdom. pip.hamblin@pirbright.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Pip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hamblin
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, Woking, United Kingdom. drily@yahoo.com.|Present address: Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Shanghai, China. drily@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yanmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, Woking, United Kingdom. satya.parida@pirbright.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Satya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parida
authors.affiliation: European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy. keith.sumption@fao.org.
authors.forename: Keith J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sumption
mesh_terms: D000350:Africa, Central / Q000453:epidemiology; D000354:Africa, Western / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002020:Buffaloes; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary*; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000068316:Parks, Recreational; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D065288:Serogroup; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins