title: Exploring the role of microglia in mood disorders associated with experimental multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Microglia is increasingly recognized to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases. In particular, microglia may be the cellular link between inflammation and behavioral alterations: by releasing a number of soluble factors, among which pro-inflammatory cytokines, that can regulate synaptic activity, thereby leading to perturbation of behavior. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common neuroinflammatory disorder affecting young adults, microglia activation and dysfunction may account for mood symptoms, like depression and anxiety, that are often diagnosed in patients even in the absence of motor disability. Behavioral studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, have shown that emotional changes occur early in the disease and in correlation to inflammatory mediator and neurotransmitter level alterations. However, such studies lack a full and comprehensive analysis of the role played by microglia in EAE-behavioral syndrome. We review the experimental studies addressing behavioral symptoms in EAE, and propose the study of neuron-glia interaction as a powerful but still poorly explored tool to investigate the burden of microglia in mood alterations associated to MS.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) Rome, Italy ; Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) Rome, Italy ; Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Vito
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) Rome, Italy ; Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fresegna
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Musella
authors.affiliation: Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata Rome, Italy ; IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed Pozzilli, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buttari
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bullitta
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia/Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mandolesi
authors.affiliation: Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata Rome, Italy ; IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed Pozzilli, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Centonze
keywords: anxiety; behavioral syndrome; depression; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; microglia; multiple sclerosis; neuron-microglia interaction