title: ASSESSING PHOTORECEPTOR STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH ELLIPSOID ZONE DISRUPTIONS VISUALIZED WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare images of photoreceptor layer disruptions obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) in a variety of pathologic states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five subjects with photoreceptor ellipsoid zone disruption as per OCT and clinical diagnoses of closed-globe blunt ocular trauma (n = 2), macular telangiectasia type 2 (n = 1), blue-cone monochromacy (n = 1), or cone-rod dystrophy (n = 1) were included. Images were acquired within and around photoreceptor lesions using spectral domain OCT, confocal AOSLO, and split-detector AOSLO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were substantial differences in the extent and appearance of the photoreceptor mosaic as revealed by confocal AOSLO, split-detector AOSLO, and spectral domain OCT en face view of the ellipsoid zone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinically available spectral domain OCT, viewed en face or as B-scan, may lead to misinterpretation of photoreceptor anatomy in a variety of diseases and injuries. This was demonstrated using split-detector AOSLO to reveal substantial populations of photoreceptors in areas of no, low, or ambiguous ellipsoid zone reflectivity with en face OCT and confocal AOSLO. Although it is unclear if these photoreceptors are functional, their presence offers hope for therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving or restoring photoreceptor function.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; †Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; §Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; ¶Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; **Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and ††Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scoles
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flatter
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Langlo
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neitz
authors.forename: David V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pennesi
authors.forename: Dennis P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dubra
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000473:pathology*; D012160:Retina / Q000293:injuries; D058456:Retinal Telangiectasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012607:Scotoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult