title: The Association between Newborn Regional Body Composition and Cord Blood Concentrations of C-Peptide and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Third trimester fetal growth is partially regulated by C-peptide and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Prenatal exposures including maternal obesity and high gestational weight gain as well as high birth weight have been linked to subsequent metabolic disease. We evaluated the associations between newborn regional body composition and cord blood levels of C-peptide and IGF-I.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively included obese and normal-weight mothers and their newborns; cord blood was collected and frozen. Analyses of C-peptide and IGF-I were performed simultaneously, after recruitment was completed. Newborn regional body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning (DXA) within 48 hours of birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred thirty-six term infants were eligible to participate in the study; of whom 174 (52%) infants had cord blood taken. Total, abdominal and arm and leg fat mass were positively associated with C-peptide (p < 0.001). Arm and leg fat mass was associated with IGF-I concentration: 28 g [95% confidence interval: 4, 53] per doubling of IGF-I. There was no association between total or abdominal fat mass and IGF-I. Fat-free mass was positively associated with both C-peptide (p < 0.001) and IGF-I (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral fat tissue accumulation was associated with cord blood C-peptide and IGF-I. Total and abdominal fat masses were related to C-peptide but not to IGF-I. Thus, newborn adiposity is partially mediated through C-peptide and early linear growth is associated with IGF-I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Emma M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Renault
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rikke B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nørgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens-Erik B
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nilas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kim F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pryds
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000502:physiology; D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I