title: Factors associated with delayed gastric emptying in patients with stent placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is an important factor in determining the clinical outcome in patients with stent placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction but the factors associated with DGE remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether clinicopathologic data could be used to identify the factors for DGE in such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, single-arm, observational clinical study was performed in a referral hospital in Japan. A total of 54 patients with stent placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction were enrolled. A gastric emptying scintigraphy test was performed 1 week after stent placement. The relationship between DGE and clinicopathologic factors was investigated, and also the relationship between DGE and stent patency time, eating period (when the patient was able to maintain oral intake), and survival time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 38.9 % (21 /54) of patients had DGE. The following were identified as independent predictive factors of DGE: opioid use (odds ratio, 5.32; 95 % confidence interval [95 %CI], 1.07 - 26.41; p = 0.04), chemotherapy before stent placement (odds ratio, 8.03; 95 %CI, 1.85 - 34.95; p = 0.006), and smaller stent diameter (odds ratio, 13.59; 95 %CI, 1.72 - 107.41; p = 0.01). No relationship was found between DGE and the level of oral intake, stent patency time, eating period, and survival time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The factors associated with DGE after stent placement include those associated with the patient's tumor as well as factors relating to their treatment, including stenting. The clinical and functional results after stent placement appear to be unrelated to the gastric emptying findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Iruru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maetani
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shigoka
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigefumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omuta
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saigusa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ehiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kohda