title: Psychometric properties of the Patient Activation Measure-13 among out-patients waiting for mental health treatment: A validation study in Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Patient Activation Measure-13 (PAM-13) has been found useful for assessing patient knowledge, skills and confidence in management of chronic conditions, but the empirical evidence from mental health is sparse. The psychometric properties of PAM in out-patients waiting for treatment in community mental health centers (CMHC) have therefore been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 290 adults from two CMHC completed PAM. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted with 273 patients. Data at baseline and after 4 weeks were used to analyze test-retest reliability (n=60) and to analyze the sensitivity to change (n=51).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The exploratory factor analysis revealed a fit for a two-factor model (Cronbach's α was 0.86 and 0.67), and was assessed for a one-factor model (α=0.87). The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.76. Sensitivity to change was good with a statistically significant activation improvement (p<0.001) on patients receiving a peer co-led-educational intervention (Cohen's d was 0.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAM has appropriate and acceptable psychometric properties in mental health settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessing activation before treatment might be useful for scheduling the delivery of mental health services as well as evaluating educational interventions aimed at improving patient engagement in mental health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Nidaros Community Mental Health Center, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: inger.elise.opheim.moljord@stolav.no.
authors.forename: Inger Elise O
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Moljord
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Tiller Community Mental Health Center, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: mariela.lara@stolav.no.
authors.forename: Mariela L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lara-Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Evaluation Unit of the Canary Islands Health Service (SESCS), Tenerife, Spain; Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Tenerife, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Lilisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perestelo-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Tenerife, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Tenerife, Spain; Canarian Foundation of Health Research (FUNCANIS), Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Amado
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivero-Santana
authors.affiliation: Evaluation Unit of the Canary Islands Health Service (SESCS), Tenerife, Spain; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Olav M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Linaker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Community mental health centers; Measurement; Mental health; Patient Activation Measure; Validation