title: Three-Dimensional Rapid Prototyping of Multidirectional Polymer Nanoprobes for Single Cell Insertion.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) thermal drawing at nanoscale as a novel rapid prototyping method was demonstrated to create multidirectional polymer nanoprobes for single cell analysis. This 3D drawing enables simple and rapid fabrication of polymeric nanostructures with high aspect ratio. The effect of thermal drawing parameters, such as drawing speeds, dipping depths, and contact duration on the final geometry of polymer nanostructures was investigated. Vertically aligned and L-shaped nanoprobes were fabricated and their insertion into living single cells such as algal cells and human neural stem cells was demonstrated. This technique can be extended to create more complex 3D structures by controlling drawing steps and directions on any surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dasom
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeonaug
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Lo Hyun
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: WonHyoung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008845:Microinjections / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers
keywords: 3D thermal drawing; cell insertion; multidirectional; nanoprobes; rapid prototyping