title: Changes of immunocytic phenotypes and functions from human colorectal adenomatous stage to cancerous stage: Update.
abstract: It is believed that chronic inflammation as seen in patients with ulcerative colitis significantly increases the colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and functions as the main driving force for the development of colitis associated CRC. Recently, increasing evidences suggest that inflammation is also involved in the processing of sporadic CRCs that mostly develop from the preformed adenomas through a long-term progression. Within the adenoma/CRC tumor microenvironment, high dense immunocytes with significant phenotypic and functional changes have been observed. These cells might produce high level of inflammatory mediators and then affect the adenoma-cancer transition. In this review, we summarize the update on altered phenotypes and inflammatory mediators within the tumor microenvironment from the adenomatous stage to the cancerous stage, and discuss the significance of inflammatory mediators as biomarkers in predicating the progression from the premalignant adenoma lesion to the sporadic CRC lesion and the potential as therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhenfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chenyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Heath, University College of Nord-Trøndelag, Levanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Jann-Birger
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Laugsand
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China. Electronic address: liuzhanju88@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhanju
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Faculty of Heath, University College of Nord-Trøndelag, Levanger, Norway. Electronic address: guanglin.cui@hint.no.
authors.forename: Guanglin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000276:immunology*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Adenoma; Carcinogenesis; Colorectum; Immunosuppressive; Immunosurveillance