title: The Effects of Hyperhydrating Supplements Containing Creatine and Glucose on Plasma Lipids and Insulin Sensitivity in Endurance-Trained Athletes.
abstract: The addition of carbohydrate (CHO) in the form of simple sugars to creatine (Cr) supplements is central. The study aimed to determine whether ingestion of glucose (Glu) simultaneously with Cr and glycerol (Cr/Gly) supplement is detrimental to plasma lipids of endurance-trained individuals and find out whether modification arising can be attenuated by replacing part of the Glu with alpha lipoic acid (Ala). Twenty-two endurance-trained cyclists were randomized to receive Cr/Gly/Glu (11.4 g Cr-H2O, 1 g Gly/kg BM, and 150 g Glu) or Cr/Gly/Glu/Ala (11.4 g Cr-H2O, 1 g Gly/kg BM, 100 g Glu, and 1 g Ala) for 7 days. Fasting concentration of TAG increased significantly (P < 0.01) after supplementation with Cr/Gly/Glu (before: 0.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L; after: 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L) and Cr/Gly/Glu/Ala (before: 0.8 ± 0.2 mmol/L; after: 1.2 ± 0.5 mmol/L) but changes were not different between the groups. Supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the TAG to HDL-cholesterol ratio but had no effect on fasting concentration of total, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol and insulin resistance. Thus, addition of Glu to Cr containing supplements enhances plasma TAG concentration and the TAG to HDL-cholesterol ratio and this enhancement cannot be attenuated by partial replacement of Glu with Ala.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
authors.forename: Thelma P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Polyviou
authors.affiliation: FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Welkin House, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK.
authors.forename: Yannis P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Pitsiladis
authors.affiliation: BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celis-Morales
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Speakman
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malkova