title: Improved accuracy and precision in δ15 NAIR measurements of explosives, urea, and inorganic nitrates by elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry using thermal decomposition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elemental analyzer systems generate N(2) and CO(2) for elemental composition and isotope ratio measurements. As quantitative conversion of nitrogen in some materials (i.e., nitrate salts and nitro-organic compounds) is difficult, this study tests a recently published method - thermal decomposition without the addition of O(2) - for the analysis of these materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS) was used to compare the traditional combustion method (CM) and the thermal decomposition method (TDM), where additional O(2) is eliminated from the reaction. The comparisons used organic and inorganic materials with oxidized and/or reduced nitrogen and included ureas, nitrate salts, ammonium sulfate, nitro esters, and nitramines. Previous TDM applications were limited to nitrate salts and ammonium sulfate. The measurement precision and accuracy were compared to determine the effectiveness of converting materials containing different fractions of oxidized nitrogen into N(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The δ(13) C(VPDB) values were not meaningfully different when measured via CM or TDM, allowing for the analysis of multiple elements in one sample. For materials containing oxidized nitrogen, (15) N measurements made using thermal decomposition were more precise than those made using combustion. The precision was similar between the methods for materials containing reduced nitrogen. The %N values were closer to theoretical when measured by TDM than by CM. The δ(15) N(AIR) values of purchased nitrate salts and ureas were nearer to the known values when analyzed using thermal decomposition than using combustion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The thermal decomposition method addresses insufficient recovery of nitrogen during elemental analysis in a variety of organic and inorganic materials. Its implementation requires relatively few changes to the elemental analyzer. Using TDM, it is possible to directly calibrate certain organic materials to international nitrate isotope reference materials without off-line preparation.
authors.affiliation: IsoForensics, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lott
authors.affiliation: IsoForensics, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Howa
authors.affiliation: IsoForensics, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Lesley A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Chesson
authors.affiliation: IsoForensics, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ehleringer