title: Evaluation of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation during inferior alveolar block administration in children aged 7-10 years: a randomized control trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitrous oxide-oxygen (N 2 O-O 2 ) is being used in combination with many drugs and this possess risk for leading to deep sedation or reflexes being compromised.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to use N 2 O-O 2 alone, to evaluate its effectiveness for pain control during inferior alveolar nerve block administration in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-centered, simple randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel-group study involving 40 children in the age group of 7-10 years divided into 2 groups: N 2 O-O 2 sedation and oxygen. Pain perception for local anesthesia was assessed using face, legs, activity, cry, consolability scale. Children's behavior was assessed using Frankl ratings, depth of sedation using Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale. The vital signs and oxygen saturation were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significantly lower pain reaction to local anesthetic administration in the N 2 O-O 2 group (P < 0.01). Improvement in the behavior of the children belonging to N 2 O-O 2 group during and after the procedure as compared to the O 2 group (P < 0.01) was also observed. All the vital signs recorded were in the normal physiologic limits in both the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain experienced by children receiving N 2 O-O 2 sedation was significantly lower. N 2 O-O 2 inhalation sedation produces adequate sedation with vital signs within normal limits and treatments successfully completed.
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Takkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal University, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Arathi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Baranya Srikrishna
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Saranya
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008340:Mandibular Nerve; D009407:Nerve Block; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009609:Nitrous Oxide