title: Injection and Cautery Methods for Nonvariceal Bleeding Control.
abstract: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains one of the most common challenges faced by gastroenterologists and endoscopists in daily clinical practice. Endoscopic management of nonvariceal bleeding has been shown to improve clinical outcomes, with significant reduction of recurrent bleeding, need for surgery, and mortality. Early upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is recommended in all patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding within 24 hours of presentation, although appropriate resuscitation, stabilization of hemodynamic parameters, and optimization of comorbidity before endoscopy are essential.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081, Baronissi-Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Maresca Hospital, Via Montedoro, 80059, Torre del Greco, NA, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rotondano
authors.affiliation: Endoscopy Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, L.Curto Hospital, Via Luigi Curto, 84035, Polla- Salerno, Italy. Electronic address: ricmarmo1@virgilio.it.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marmo
mesh_terms: D002425:Cautery / Q000379:methods*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Endoscopic methods; Hemostasis; Injection therapy; Nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding; Thermal coagulation