title: Biomarkers in neonatology: the new "omics" of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
abstract: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex disorder resulting from gene-environmental interactions. An improved understanding of the pathogenesis of this most common chronic lung disease in infants has been made by utilizing animal models and correlating with human data. Currently, while some (vitamin A, caffeine) pharmacotherapeutic options are being utilized to ameliorate this condition, there is still no specific or effective treatment for BPD. It would be helpful for prognostication and targeted potential novel therapeutic strategies to identify those babies accurately who are at risk for developing this disease. A reliable biomarker would have the capacity to be detected in the initial phase of the disease, to allow early interventions to avoid or minimize the detrimental effects of the disease. This review will focus on human studies performed with the "omic" techniques, specifically genomics, epigenomics, microbiomics, transciptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, and summarize the information available in the literature, as it pertains to biomarker identification for BPD. Using "omics" technologies, investigators have reported markers that have the potential to be used as biomarkers of BPD: SPOCK2, VEGF -624C > G, VEGF -460T > C, mast cells specific markers, miR-219 pathway, miR-152, -30a-3p, -133b, -206, -7, lactate, taurine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, gluconate, myoinositol and alterations in surfactant lipid profile.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Perinatal Medicine and Yale Child Health Research Center, Department of Pediatrics , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA .|b Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Division of Neonatology , Rome , Italy , and.
authors.forename: Fiammetta
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piersigilli
authors.affiliation: a Division of Perinatal Medicine and Yale Child Health Research Center, Department of Pediatrics , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA .|c Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Vineet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhandari
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D055432:Metabolomics; D064307:Microbiota; D009359:Neonatology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; metabolomics; prematurity; preterm newborn; proteomics