title: Ferric pyrophosphate citrate administered via dialysate reduces erythropoiesis-stimulating agent use and maintains hemoglobin in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: Ferric pyrophosphate citrate (FPC) is a water-soluble iron salt administered via dialysate to supply iron directly to transferrin. The PRIME study tested whether treatment with FPC could reduce prescribed erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) use and maintain hemoglobin in hemodialysis patients. This 9-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical study included 103 patients undergoing hemodialysis 3-4 times weekly. The FPC group received dialysate containing 2 μmol/l of iron. The placebo group received standard dialysate. A blinded central anemia management group facilitated ESA dose adjustments. Intravenous iron was administered according to the approved indication when ferritin levels fell below 200 μg/l. The primary end point was the percentage change from baseline in prescribed ESA dose at end of treatment. Secondary end points included intravenous iron use and safety. At the end of treatment, there was a significant 35% reduction in prescribed ESA dose in FPC-treated patients compared with placebo. The FPC patients used 51% less intravenous iron than placebo. Adverse and serious adverse events were similar in both groups. Thus, FPC delivered via dialysate significantly reduces the prescribed ESA dose and the amount of intravenous iron needed to maintain hemoglobin in chronic hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.|Rockwell Medical, Wixom, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Rockwell Medical, Wixom, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Rockwell Medical, Wixom, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guss
authors.affiliation: Rockwell Medical, Wixom, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: T Alp
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ikizler
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Anatole
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Besarab
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006397:Hematinics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D011756:Diphosphates; D006397:Hematinics; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014131:Trace Elements; D007501:Iron