title: Bacteriuria and urinary tract infection after female urodynamic studies: risk factors and microbiological analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to determine risk factors for infectious complications after urodynamic study (UDS) in women, which can assist clinicians in identifying high-risk subjects who would benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis before UDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective cohort study, we studied 232 women who underwent UDS at Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences between June 2013 and June 2014. Women ranging in age from 26 to 84 years who had urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, or voiding dysfunction were required to collect urine samples at 7 days before, on the day of, and 3-5 days after UDS. Urine cultures with >100,000 CFU/mL were considered positive. Risk factors associated with bacteriuria and urinary tract infection (UTI) after UDS were evaluated using multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred thirty-two out of 257 women were subjected to further analysis. The incidence of bacteriuria, transient bacteriuria, and UTI after UDS was 11.6%, 7.3%, and 4.3%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, hypothyroidism (P = .04), body mass index (BMI) >30 (P = .025), and advanced pelvic organ prolapse (P = .021) were associated with a significantly increased risk of bacteriuria; however, only BMI >30 (P = .02) was associated with an increased risk for UTI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of infectious complications after UDS was low, and advanced pelvic organ prolapse and hypothyroidism increased the risk for bacteriuria. However, only BMI >30 was associated with bacteriuria and UTI after UDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mônica Martins
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nóbrega
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Pedro Flores
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Auge
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Gustavo Morato
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: de Toledo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sílvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: da Silva Carramão
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Armando Brites
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Frade
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: mcsalles@osite.com.br.
authors.forename: Mauro José Costa
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Salles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001938:Brazil; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014563:Urodynamics
keywords: Bacteriuria; Infection; Risk factor; Urinary tract; Urodynamic; Women