title: Innominate movement patterns, rotation trends and range of motion in individuals with low back pain of sacroiliac joint origin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Innominate kinematic anomalies resulting in low back pain (LBP) of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) origin (SIJ-positive), has always been a topic of contention, owing to difficultly in its evaluation. Recent technique of electromagnetic palpation-digitization has been able to accurately quantify innominate kinematics in healthy individuals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to determine if participants with LBP of SIJ origin (SIJ-positive) demonstrate significantly different innominate kinematics than participants with LBP of non-SIJ origin (SIJ-negative).
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-blinded cross-sectional case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants [n(122)] between the ages of 18 to 50 years, suffering from chronic non-specific LBP (≥3 months) volunteered in the study. An experienced musculoskeletal physiotherapist evaluated and classified participants into either SIJ-positive [n(45)] or SIJ-negative [n(77)] group, using the reference standard pain provocation tests [≥3 positive tests = SIJ-positive]. A research physiotherapist, blinded to clinical groups, conducted the innominate kinematic testing using a valid and reliable electromagnetic palpation-digitization technique, during prone lying incremental hip abduction-external rotation test positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the mixed model regression analyses demonstrated that SIJ-positive participants exhibited significantly different innominate movement patterns and trends of rotation, but not innominate ranges of motion, when compared with SIJ-negative LBP participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate association between SIJ pain and altered innominate kinematics, and have led the groundwork for further exploration of clinical measurement, relevance, and management of these potentially important movement observations.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: divya.adhia@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Divya Bharatkumar
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Adhia
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milosavljevic
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tumilty
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: melanie.bussey@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Melanie D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bussey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biomechanics; Low back pain; Range of motion; Sacroiliac joint