title: Motion tracking and electromyography-assisted identification of mirror hand contributions to functional near-infrared spectroscopy images acquired during a finger-tapping task performed by children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to be a viable and sensitive method for imaging sensorimotor cortex activity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, during unilateral finger tapping, children with CP often exhibit unintended motions in the nontapping hand, known as mirror motions, which confuse the interpretation of resulting fNIRS images. This work presents a method for separating some of the mirror motion contributions to fNIRS images and demonstrates its application to fNIRS data from four children with CP performing a finger-tapping task with mirror motions. Finger motion and arm muscle activity were measured simultaneously with fNIRS signals using motion tracking and electromyography (EMG), respectively. Subsequently, subject-specific regressors were created from the motion capture or EMG data and independent component analysis was combined with a general linear model to create an fNIRS image representing activation due to the tapping hand and one image representing activation due to the mirror hand. The proposed method can provide information on how mirror motions contribute to fNIRS images, and in some cases, it helps remove mirror motion contamination from the tapping hand activation images.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hervey
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shagman
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States.
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Scottish Rite Hospital for Children , Department of Neurology, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, Texas 75219, United States.
authors.forename: Mauricio R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Scottish Rite Hospital for Children , Department of Neurology, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, Texas 75219, United States.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tulchin-Francis
authors.affiliation: Scottish Rite Hospital for Children , Department of Neurology, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, Texas 75219, United States.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shierk
authors.affiliation: Scottish Rite Hospital for Children , Department of Neurology, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, Texas 75219, United States.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Scottish Rite Hospital for Children , Department of Neurology, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, Texas 75219, United States.
authors.forename: Linsley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Scottish Rite Hospital for Children , Department of Neurology, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, Texas 75219, United States.
authors.forename: Dahlia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Scottish Rite Hospital for Children , Department of Neurology, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, Texas 75219, United States.
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Clegg
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States.
authors.forename: Hanli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States.
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacFarlane
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alexandrakis
keywords: cerebral palsy; functional near-infrared spectroscopy; general linear model; independent component analysis