title: Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy of Adolescents: Relationship with Depressive Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between severity of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) and depressive symptoms in pregnant adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A maternity research hospital outpatient clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 200 pregnant adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic features and obstetric histories of the participants were assessed. The Rhodes test was performed to determine nausea and vomiting severity in a face-to-face interview, and the self-reported Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was administered with supervision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Rhodes test results showed that 52/200 patients (26%) were classified with none, 83/200 patients (41.5%) with mild, 48/200 patients (24.0%) with moderate, and 17/200 patients (8.5%) with severe symptoms. The mean depression score in the severe vomiting group was significantly higher than that in the no NVP and mild NVP groups (P = .028 and .041, respectively). No differences were found between the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe nausea and vomiting was associated with greater depressive symptom severity in pregnant adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Dr Sami Ulus Women's and Children's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Dr Sami Ulus Women's and Children's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Dr Sami Ulus Women's and Children's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: drbulentcakmak@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.affiliation: Dr Sami Ulus Women's and Children's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Karsli
authors.affiliation: Dr Sami Ulus Women's and Children's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail Burak
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Gultekin
authors.affiliation: Dr Sami Ulus Women's and Children's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guneri Dogan
authors.affiliation: Dr Sami Ulus Women's and Children's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman Fadil
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.affiliation: Dr Sami Ulus Women's and Children's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuncay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kucukozkan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D048968:Morning Sickness / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000523:psychology*; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescent; Depression; Nausea; Pregnancy; Vomiting