title: Effect of aerobic exercise training followed by a low-calorie diet on metabolic syndrome risk factors in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether low-volume, high-intensity, interval training (HIIT) is an adequate exercise method for improving metabolic risk factors is controversial. Moreover, it is not known if performing a short-term, low-calorie diet intervention (LCDi) after a HIIT program affects risk factors. This study investigated how an 8-week, 3 times/week exercise intervention (EXi) incorporating either HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) followed by a 4-week LCDi affects risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six male workers with metabolic risk factors (47.4 ± 7.1 years; cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2peak) of 28.5 ± 3.9 ml/kg/min) were randomly assigned to either the HIIT (3 sets of 3-min cycling with a 2-min active rest between sets, 180 kcal) or MICT (45 min, 360 kcal) group. After the EXi, all subjects participated in a 4-week LCDi (4 counseling sessions). During the EXi, VO2peak improved more (P < 0.05) through HIIT (25.4 ± 14.6%) than through MICT (14.9 ± 12.8%), whereas improvements in body fat and HDL cholesterol were similar. During the LCDi, some risk factors improved further (P < 0.05) without any group differences, while VO2peak in the HIIT group decreased (P < 0.05) to the same level as in the MICT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VO2peak increased more with HIIT than with MICT during the EXi despite HIIT having a lower exercise volume than MICT, but this advantage of HIIT promptly disappeared through detraining. An intervention strategy consisting of 8 weeks of either HIIT or MICT followed by a 4-week LCDi has a positive effect on metabolic risk factors.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  UMIN11352.
authors.affiliation: Hazard Evaluation and Epidemiology Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan. Electronic address: matsuo.tomoaki11@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: So
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimojo
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: Calorie restriction; Cardiorespiratory capacity; Exercise intensity; Exercise volume; Metabolic risk factors