title: Milk Polar Lipids Affect In Vitro Digestive Lipolysis and Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polar lipid (PL) emulsifiers such as milk PLs (MPLs) may affect digestion and subsequent lipid metabolism, but focused studies on postprandial lipemia are lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the impact of MPLs on postprandial lipemia in mice and on lipid digestion in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Swiss mice were gavaged with 150 μL of an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with 5.7 mg of either MPLs or soybean PLs (SPLs) and killed after 1, 2, or 4 h. Plasma lipids were quantified and in the small intestine, gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Emulsions were lipolyzed in vitro using a static human digestion model; triglyceride (TG) disappearance was followed by thin-layer chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mice, after 1 h, plasma TGs tended to be higher in the MPL group than in the SPL group (141 μg/mL vs. 90 μg/mL; P = 0.07) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were significantly higher (64 μg/mL vs. 44 μg/mL; P < 0.05). The opposite was observed after 4 h with lower TGs (21 μg/mL vs. 35 μg/mL; P < 0.01) and NEFAs (20 μg/mL vs. 32 μg/mL; P < 0.01) in the MPL group compared with the SPL group. This was associated at 4 h with a lower gene expression of apolipoprotein B (Apob) and Secretion Associated, Ras related GTPase 1 gene homolog B (Sar1b), in the duodenum of MPL mice compared with SPL mice (P < 0.05). In vitro, during the intestinal phase, TGs were hydrolyzed more in the MPL emulsion than in the SPL emulsion (decremental AUCs were 1750%/min vs. 180%/min; P < 0.01). MPLs enhance lipid intestinal hydrolysis and promote more rapid intestinal lipid absorption and sharper kinetics of lipemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postprandial lipemia in mice can be modulated by emulsifying with MPLs compared with SPLs, partly through differences in chylomicron assembly, and TG hydrolysis rate as observed in vitro. MPLs may thereby contribute to the long-term regulation of lipid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France;
authors.forename: Manon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lecomte
authors.affiliation: UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France;
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bourlieu
authors.affiliation: U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Oullins, France; and.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meugnier
authors.affiliation: UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France;
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penhoat
authors.affiliation: UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France; Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Department, East Medical Group, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheillan
authors.affiliation: UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France;
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pineau
authors.affiliation: U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Oullins, France; and.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loizon
authors.affiliation: Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Department, East Medical Group, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trauchessec
authors.affiliation: UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France;
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Claude
authors.affiliation: UMR 1253 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg, Rennes, France;
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ménard
authors.affiliation: UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France;
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Géloën
authors.affiliation: UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France;
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laugerette
authors.affiliation: UMR 1397 National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Lyon 1 University, U1060 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Institute for Multidisciplinary Biochemistry of Lipids, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetologia and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France; marie-caroline.michalski@insa-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Caroline
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Michalski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D054709:Lecithins; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D054709:Lecithins; D008055:Lipids
keywords: digestion; emulsion; food; lipemia; nutrition; sphingomyelin