title: N-acetylcysteine S-nitrosothiol Nanoparticles Prevent Wound Expansion and Accelerate Wound Closure in a Murine Burn Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of cutaneous wounds in the clinical setting continues to be a clinical challenge and economic burden, with burn wounds being especially formidable. Direct mechanical injury coupled with the transfer of thermal energy leads to tissue necrosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and the eventual expansion of an initial wound. Our current therapeutic armamentarium falls short of options to help prevent wound expansion, and therefore new modalities are required. Nitrosating substances such as RSNOs have been proven to be effective in promoting wound closure due to their ability to modulate inflammation, cytokine production and vascular function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aim to evaluate the efficacy of n-actetylcysteine s-nitrosothiol nanoparticles (NAC-SNO-np) on thermal burn wounds and associated expansion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-burn model was utilized to induce three burn wounds on the dorsal surface of BALB/c mice, allowing for evaluation of the burn itself and peripheral tissue. Wounds were excised and processed for histology and immunohistochemistry on day 7 following wounding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following treatment with NAC-SNO-np, burn wound expansion was attenuated and wound healing was accelerated. Histological analysis revealed increased collagen deposition as well as increased macrophage and decreased neutrophil infiltration into the wound bed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAC-SNO-np represents a platform that harnesses the nitrosative properties of NAC-SNO in order to accelerate the transition from inflammatory to proliferative wound healing. Further studies are needed in order to translate to the clinical setting.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landriscina
authors.forename: Tagai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Musaev
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Anjana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Parimala
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nacharaju
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nosanchuk
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D000111:Acetylcysteine