title: Thermal environment in eight low-energy and twelve conventional Finnish houses.
abstract: We assessed the thermal environment of eight recently built low-energy houses and twelve conventional Finnish houses. We monitored living room, bedroom and outdoor air temperatures and room air relative humidity from June 2012 to September 2013. Perceived thermal environment was evaluated using a questionnaire survey during the heating, cooling and interim seasons. We compared the measured and perceived thermal environments of the low-energy and conventional houses. The mean air temperature was 22.8 °C (21.9-23.8 °C) in the low-energy houses, and 23.3 °C (21.4-26.5 °C) in the conventional houses during the summer (1. June 2013-31. August 2013). In the winter (1. December 2012-28. February 2013), the mean air temperature was 21.3 °C (19.8-22.5 °C) in the low-energy houses, and 21.6 °C (18.1-26.4 °C) in the conventional houses. The variation of the air temperature was less in the low-energy houses than that in the conventional houses. In addition, the occupants were on average slightly more satisfied with the indoor environment in the low-energy houses. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean air temperature and relative humidity of the low-energy and conventional houses. Our measurements and surveys showed that a good thermal environment can be achieved in both types of houses.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland. Electronic address: erkki.kahkonen@ttl.fi.
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kähkönen
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.
authors.forename: Rauno
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holopainen
authors.affiliation: University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasanen
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland; Hjelt Institute, Helsinki University, Finland.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reijula
mesh_terms: D003246:Conservation of Energy Resources / Q000379:methods; D005387:Finland; D006361:Heating / Q000592:standards*; D006798:Housing / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature
keywords: Air temperature; Measurements; Relative humidity