title: An improved intrafemoral injection with minimized leakage as an orthotopic mouse model of osteosarcoma.
abstract: Osteosarcoma, the most common type of primary bone cancer, is the second highest cause of cancer-related death in pediatric patients. To understand the mechanisms behind osteosarcoma progression and to discover novel therapeutic strategies for this disease, a reliable and appropriate mouse model is essential. For this purpose, osteosarcoma cells need to be injected into the bone marrow. Previously, the intratibial and intrafemoral injection methods were reported; however, the major drawback of these methods is the potential leakage of tumor cells from the injection site during or after these procedures. To overcome this, we have established an improved method to minimize leakage in an orthotopic mouse model of osteosarcoma. By taking advantage of the anatomical benefits of the femur with less bowing and larger medullary cavity than those of the tibia, osteosarcoma cells are injected directly into the femoral cavity following reaming of its intramedullary space. To prevent potential leakage of tumor cells during and after the surgery, the injection site is sealed with bone wax. This method requires a minor surgery of approximately 15min under anesthesia. Our established orthotopic osteosarcoma model could serve as a valuable and reliable tool for examining progression of various types of bone tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Swathi V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Ossama W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Tawfik
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. Electronic address: tiwakuma@kumc.edu.
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwakuma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005269:Femur; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Intrafemoral; Leak; Metastasis; Mouse model; Orthotopic; Osteosarcoma