title: Immediate Epileptogenesis after Kainate-Induced Status Epilepticus in C57BL/6J Mice: Evidence from Long Term Continuous Video-EEG Telemetry.
abstract: The C57BL/6J mouse as a model of seizure/epilepsy is challenging due to high mortality and huge variability in response to kainate. We have recently demonstrated that repeated administration of a low dose of kainate by intraperitoneal route can induce severe status epilepticus (SE) with 94% survival rate. In the present study, based on continuous video-EEG recording for 4-18 weeks from epidurally implanted electrodes on the cortex, we demonstrate that this method also induces immediate epileptogenesis (<1-5 days post-SE). This finding was based on identification of two types of spontaneous recurrent seizures; behavioral convulsive seizures (CS) and electrographic nonconvulsive seizures (NCS). The identification of the spontaneous CS, stage 3-5 types, was based on the behaviors (video) that were associated with the EEG characteristics (stage 3-5 epileptiform spikes), the power spectrum, and the activity counts. The electrographic NCS identification was based on the stage 1-2 epileptiform spike clusters on the EEG and their associated power spectrum. Severe SE induced immediate epileptogenesis in all the mice. The maximum numbers of spontaneous CS were observed during the first 4-6 weeks of the SE and they decreased thereafter. Mild SE also induced immediate epileptogenesis in some mice but the CS were less frequent. In both the severe and the mild SE groups, the spontaneous electrographic NCS persisted throughout the 18 weeks observation period, and therefore this could serve as a chronic model for complex seizures. However, unlike rat kainate models, the C57BL/6J mouse kainate model is a unique regressive CS model of epilepsy. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of recovery from spontaneous CS in this model, which could reveal novel therapeutic targets for epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011-1250, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sreekanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puttachary
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011-1250, United States of America.
authors.forename: Shaunik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beamer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011-1250, United States of America.
authors.forename: Abby
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sexton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011-1250, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crutison
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011-1250, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thimmasettappa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thippeswamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003975:Diazepam; D007608:Kainic Acid