title: Outcomes from the Malaysian Arm of The International Survey Informing Greater Insights in Opioid Dependence Treatment (INSIGHT) Project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Opioid dependence (OD) is a chronic, relapsing condition representing a significant societal burden in Asia. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in combination with psychosocial treatment is considered to be the most effective strategy to treat opioid dependence. In Malaysia, about 52,000 patients reported receiving OMT in December 2012.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The International Survey Informing Greater Insights in Opioid Dependence Treatment (INSIGHT) project aimed to assess aspects of OMT access and quality of care by surveying patients and users with opioid dependence, and healthcare professionals treating opioid-dependent patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a structured questionnaire, 50 patients who were currently receiving OMT (or had received OMT in the past 3 months) and 77 physicians were surveyed in Malaysia regarding the provision and quality of OMT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were predominately male and in their thirties. Nearly all patients (98%) reported currently receiving methadone liquid; almost half (48%) reported ever having received psychosocial counselling and only 14% had ever received buprenorphine-naloxone in the past. Most physicians reported they were treating their patients with OMT (77% on methadone and 15% on buprenorphine-naloxone), and 3% used psychosocial counselling alone. Although methadone maintenance doses were close to levels recommended by WHO guidelines, induction doses of methadone, and both induction and maintenance doses of buprenorphine were well below these levels in Malaysia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that OMT implementation in Malaysia can be improved by providing patients with more education on treatment options, better access to available treatments, including abuse-deterrent formulations, and psychosocial support.
authors.affiliation: International Medical University, Clinical School, Jalan Rasah, Seremban, 70300, Malaysia. drphilgeorge@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: George