title: Plasma Free Amino Acid Profiles Predict Four-Year Risk of Developing Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, Dyslipidemia, and Hypertension in Japanese Population.
abstract: Plasma free amino acid (PFAA) profile is highlighted in its association with visceral obesity and hyperinsulinemia, and future diabetes. Indeed PFAA profiling potentially can evaluate individuals' future risks of developing lifestyle-related diseases, in addition to diabetes. However, few studies have been performed especially in Asian populations, about the optimal combination of PFAAs for evaluating health risks. We quantified PFAA levels in 3,701 Japanese subjects, and determined visceral fat area (VFA) and two-hour post-challenge insulin (Ins120 min) values in 865 and 1,160 subjects, respectively. Then, models between PFAA levels and the VFA or Ins120 min values were constructed by multiple linear regression analysis with variable selection. Finally, a cohort study of 2,984 subjects to examine capabilities of the obtained models for predicting four-year risk of developing new-onset lifestyle-related diseases was conducted. The correlation coefficients of the obtained PFAA models against VFA or Ins120 min were higher than single PFAA level. Our models work well for future risk prediction. Even after adjusting for commonly accepted multiple risk factors, these models can predict future development of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia. PFAA profiles confer independent and differing contributions to increasing the lifestyle-related disease risks in addition to the currently known factors in a general Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda, Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8643, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamakado
authors.affiliation: Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.affiliation: Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda, Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8643, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.affiliation: Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda, Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8643, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.affiliation: Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jinzu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyano
authors.affiliation: Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Daimon
authors.affiliation: Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horimoto
authors.affiliation: Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda, Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8643, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D044466:Asian People; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids