title: Adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Gonococcal Treatment Guidelines Among Chicago Health Care Providers, 2011-2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expansion of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae requires rapid adaptation of treatment guidelines and responsive provider practice. We evaluated patient factors associated with provider adherence to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention gonococcal treatment recommendations among Chicago providers in 2011 to 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory-confirmed cases of uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea were classified via surveillance data as originating from Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) or non-CDPH providers. Recommended treatment was determined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines: April 2011-July 2012 (period 1) and August-December 2012 (period 2, after August 2012 revision). Multivariable log-binomial regression identified factors associated with recommended treatment over time, stratified by provider type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  April 2011 through December 2012, 16,646 laboratory-confirmed gonorrhea cases were identified, of which 9597 (57.7%) had treatment information: 2169 CDPH cases and 7428 non-CDPH cases. Documented recommended treatment increased for CDPH (period 1: 71.3%, period 2: 80.8%; P < 0.01) and non-CDPH providers (period 1: 63.5%, period 2: 68.9%; P < 0.01). Among CDPH cases, statistically significant factors associated with recommended treatment were male sex (adjusted prevalence rate ratio [aPRR], 1.16) white versus black race (aPRR, 0.68), same-day treatment (aPRR, 1.07), and period 2 (aPRR, 1.11). Among non-CDPH cases, statistically significant factors were as follows: male sex (aPRR, 1.10), other versus black race (aPRR, 0.91), same-day treatment (aPRR, 1.31), greater number of within-facility reported cases (aPRRs ranging from 1.22 to 1.41), and at least 50% within-facility missing treatment data (aPRR, 0.84).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recommended treatment improved over time, yet remains suboptimal. Efforts to reduce variability and improve provider adherence to recommended treatment are urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: From the *Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL; †Institute of Health Research and Policy, Chicago, IL; and ‡Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Irina L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Tabidze
authors.forename: Tracy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikati
authors.forename: Nanette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benbow
authors.forename: Supriya D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D017963:Azithromycin; D004318:Doxycycline