title: Skin absorption and human exposure estimation of three widely discussed UV filters in sunscreens--In vitro study mimicking real-life consumer habits.
abstract: Due to health concerns about safety, three UV-filters (Benzophenone-3, BP3, 10%; Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, EHMC, 10%; Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, BMDBM; 5%) were examined in vitro for absorption on full-thickness pig-ear skin, mimicking human in-use conditions. Kinetic profiles confirmed the rapid permeation of BP3; after the first hour of skin (frozen-stored) exposure to 2 mg/cm(2) (W/O sunscreen; recommended but unrealistic amount), about 0.5% of the applied dose passed into the receptor fluid. The absorption rate of filters was higher from W/O than from O/W emulsions. The fresh/frozen-stored skin permeability coefficient (0.83-0.54) for each UV filter was taken into account. Systemic Exposure Dosage of BP3, EHMC, BMDBM for humans as a consequence of (i) whole-body and (ii) face treatment with 0.5 mg/cm(2) of W/O sunscreen for 6-h skin exposure followed by washing and subsequent 18-h permeation (a realistic scenario) were estimated to be (i) 4744, 1032 and 1036 μg/kg-bw/day, and (ii) 153, 33 and 34 μg/kg-bw/day, respectively. From Margin of Safety for BP3, EHMC and BMDBM (i) 42, 485 and 192 as well as (ii) 1307; 15,151 and 5882, respectively, only the value of 42 (<100) for BP3 indicated a possible health risk. Escalation of a phobia towards all organic UV filters is undesirable.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Cosmetology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: zuzana.klimova@stuba.sk.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Klimová
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Cosmetology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: jarmila.hojerova@stuba.sk.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hojerová
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Cosmetology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: martina.berankova@stuba.sk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beránková
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000465:Algorithms; D000473:Alkanes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D047188:Chalcones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D004058:Diffusion; D004423:Ear; D004655:Emulsions; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D011427:Propiophenones; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D018154:Slovakia; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D001577:Benzophenones; D047188:Chalcones; D002934:Cinnamates; D004655:Emulsions; D011427:Propiophenones; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C516303:ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate; C047723:benzophenone; C049935:avobenzone
keywords: Benzophenone; Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane; Dermal permeation; Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate; Margin of Safety; Systemic Exposure Dosage