title: Outcomes of transient ischemic attack in maintenance dialysis patients and those with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In-hospital outcomes of transient ischemic attack (TIA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring maintenance dialysis are largely unknown. We evaluated TIA-related in-hospital outcomes in these patients using a national database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study is observational in nature. Data from all adult (≥ 18 years) patients admitted to US hospitals between 2005 and 2011 with a primary discharge diagnosis of TIA and secondary diagnosis of CKD and ESRD were included using the Nationwide In-Patient Sample. We aimed to compare the following TIA-related outcomes between CKD and ESRD patients: (i) degree of disability (mainly functional status) derived from discharge destination, (ii) length of stay, (iii) charges of hospitalization, and (iv) mortality. The comparisons of TIA-related mortality and discharge outcomes between CKD and ESRD were analyzed after adjusting for potential confounders using logistic regression analysis. We adjusted for age, sex, co-morbidities, hospital size and hospital teaching status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 316 dialysis and 67 256 CKD patients were admitted with TIA in the study period (2005-11). On univariate analysis, there was no difference in the rates of moderate-to-severe disability (20.5% versus 20.2%, P = 0.7) and in-hospital mortality (0.4% versus 0.2%, P = 0.07) in ESRD patients compared with those with CKD. After adjusting for age, sex and potential confounders, ESRD patients with TIA had higher odds of moderate-to-severe disability at discharge [odds ratio (OR): 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37-1.71, P ≤ 0.0001] and in-hospital death (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.29-6.37, P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESRD patients with TIA have significantly higher rates of moderate-to-severe disability at discharge and in-hospital mortality when compared with the patients of other stages of CKD who are not dialysis-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Malik M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Adil
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Integris South west hospital, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Bilal Hussain
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Piracha
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nahab
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdus Salam
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Sankar D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Navaneethan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: chronic kidney disease; dialysis; transient ischemic attack