title: Antibacterial Potential of 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite in Distinct Irrigation Protocols on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation methods on antibacterial potential of 2.5% NaOCl on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.
  
  
  
  Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were prepared during 60 days on 48 human root canals and randomized into control and experimental groups using positive and negative pressure irrigation. Bacterial growth was analyzed using turbidity of culture medium followed by UV spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. Mean and standard deviations were used for evaluate the mean optical densities associated to the number of bacteria present culture, and Scheirer-Ray-Hare (an extension of the Kruskal-Wallis test) and Tamhane test to analyze the SEM images in the groups and thirds. Significance was set at 5%.
  
  
  
  Enterococcus faecalis was still present after root canal cleaning regardless of irrigation methods or bacterial identification methods.
  
  
  
  Positive and negative pressure irrigation protocols using 2.5% NaOCl show a similar capacity to reduce E. faecalis in infected root canals.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Stomatologic Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Praça Universitária s/n, Sector Universitário CEP: 74605-220, Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil, e-mail: denisealves1@brturbo.com.br.
authors.forename: Denise Ramos Silveira
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Manitoba Canada.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Sanches
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Sao Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: da Silveira Bueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatologic Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Helena Gonçalves
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: de Alencar
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatologic Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cyntia Rodrigues
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: de Araújo Estrela
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia State of Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane Oliveira
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatologic Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Estrela
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000379:methods; D011312:Pressure; D011897:Random Allocation; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods*; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite
keywords: Sodium hypochlorite; Biofilm; Irrigating solution; Root canal infection; Negative pressure system.