title: Syntrophic co-culture of Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia for degradation of kraft lignin discharged from rayon grade pulp industry.
abstract: In order to search the degradability of kraft lignin, the potential bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis (GU193980) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (GU193981) were isolated, screened and applied in axenic and co-culture conditions. Results revealed that mixed culture showed better decolorization efficiency (80%) and reduction of pollution parameters (COD 73% and BOD 62%) than axenic culture. This indicated syntrophic growth of these two bacteria rather than any antagonistic effect. The HPLC analysis of degraded samples of kraft lignin has shown the reduction in peak area compared to control, suggesting that decrease in color intensity might be largely attributed to the degradation of lignin by isolated bacteria. Further, the GC-MS analysis showed that most of the compounds detected in control were diminished after bacterial treatment. Further, the seed germination test using Phaseolus aureus has supported the detoxification of bacterial decolorized kraft lignin for environmental safety. All these observations have revealed that the developed bacterial co-culture was capable for the effective degradation and decolorization of lignin containing rayon grade pulp mill wastewater for environmental safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, RaeBareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, RaeBareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India. Electronic address: rc_microitrc@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandra
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; C012024:rayon, purified; D000681:Amylases
keywords: Degradation; GC–MS; Kraft lignin; Seed germination test; Syntropic