title: Identification of polarized macrophage subsets in zebrafish.
abstract: While the mammalian macrophage phenotypes have been intensively studied in vitro, the dynamic of their phenotypic polarization has never been investigated in live vertebrates. We used the zebrafish as a live model to identify and trail macrophage subtypes. We generated a transgenic line whose macrophages expressing tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfa), a key feature of classically activated (M1) macrophages, express fluorescent proteins Tg(mpeg1:mCherryF/tnfa:eGFP-F). Using 4D-confocal microscopy, we showed that both aseptic wounding and Escherichia coli inoculation triggered macrophage recruitment, some of which started to express tnfa. RT-qPCR on Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)-sorted tnfa(+) and tnfa(-) macrophages showed that they, respectively, expressed M1 and alternatively activated (M2) mammalian markers. Fate tracing of tnfa(+) macrophages during the time-course of inflammation demonstrated that pro-inflammatory macrophages converted into M2-like phenotype during the resolution step. Our results reveal the diversity and plasticity of zebrafish macrophage subsets and underline the similarities with mammalian macrophages proposing a new system to study macrophage functional dynamic.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Médecine Régénérative et Biothérapies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nguyen-Chi
authors.affiliation: Institut de Médecine Régénérative et Biothérapies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Béryl
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laplace-Builhe
authors.affiliation: Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Travnickova
authors.affiliation: Institut de Médecine Régénérative et Biothérapies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Luz-Crawford
authors.affiliation: Institut de Médecine Régénérative et Biothérapies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Gautier
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tejedor
authors.affiliation: Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Quang Tien
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: Institut de Médecine Régénérative et Biothérapies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Duroux-Richard
authors.affiliation: Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Levraud
authors.affiliation: Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kissa
authors.affiliation: Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lutfalla
authors.affiliation: Institut de Médecine Régénérative et Biothérapies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.affiliation: Institut de Médecine Régénérative et Biothérapies, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Djouad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008264:Macrophages / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000276:immunology; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: developmental biology; immunology; live imaging; macrophages; stem cells; zebrafish