title: The Cross-Sectional Association of Energy Intake and Dietary Energy Density with Body Composition of Children in Southwest China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether dietary energy intake (EI) and dietary energy density (ED) were cross-sectionally associated with body composition of children living in Southwest China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate regression analyses were performed on three day, 24 h dietary recall data and information on potential confounders from 1207 participants aged 8-14 years. EI was calculated from all foods and drinks and ED was classified into five categories. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores, percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI) and ratio of waist to hip circumference (WHR) were used to describe body composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Boys with higher total EI had higher BMI z-scores, %BF, and FMI than boys with lower total EI both before and after measurements were adjusted for confounders (age, fiber intake, physical activity, the timing of adding complementary foods, paternal education level and maternal BMI) (p ≤ 0.04). However, EI was not associated with body composition in girls. Dietary ED, in any category, was not associated with body composition in either gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary ED was not associated with body composition of children in Southwest China, while dietary EI in boys, not girls, was positively associated with body composition. Reducing dietary energy intake may help to prevent obesity and related diseases in later life among boys living in Southwest China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China. zx_sophia@163.com.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. xhmei_1109@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. Duanrn121@163.com.
authors.forename: Ruonan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. Liuyan_liya@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. lishizhang_56@163.com.
authors.forename: Lishi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Singapore 138671, Singapore. Louise.HARVEY@danone.com.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. ehw_cheng@126.com.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
keywords: body composition; children; dietary energy density; energy intake; obesity