title: Inflammation, neurotrophism and oxidative stress and childhood psychopathology in a large community sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between peripheral biomarkers and child psychopathology in a large community sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 625 aged 6- to 13-year old subjects were recruited from a community school-based study. Psychopathology was assessed using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Psychiatric diagnosis was evaluated using the Development and Well-Being Assessment. The following biomarkers were examined in peripheral blood: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-g, and TNF-α), chemokines (eotaxin/CCL11, IP-10, MCP-1), cytokine receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2), and the oxidative stress marker TBARS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significant associations between sTNFR2, eotaxin/CCL11 and CBCL total score, as well as with specific dimensions of psychopathology. There were different patterns of association between these biomarkers and psychological and behavioural symptoms in children with and without a mental disorder. TBARS, IL-6 and MCP-1 were more specific to some clusters of symptoms in children with a psychiatric diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the potential use of biomarkers, especially those involved in immune-inflammatory pathways, in investigating neurodevelopmental psychopathology. Their association with different dimensions of symptoms might be of useful when analyzing illness severity and clusters of symptoms within specific disorders.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental State (PRISMA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental State (PRISMA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asevedo
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental State (PRISMA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental State (PRISMA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zugman
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental State (PRISMA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental State (PRISMA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gadelha
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Belangero
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group (GNCD), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Molecular Psychiatry Unit and National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Center for Molecular Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stertz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cogo-Moreira
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Post-Graduation Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group (GNCD), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grassi-Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Translational Psychoneuroimmunology Group, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Molecular Psychiatry Unit and National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kauer-Sant'Anna
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental State (PRISMA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.|Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental State (PRISMA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.|Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil.|Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental State (PRISMA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brietzke
keywords: adolescence; biomarkers; childhood; mental disorders; psychopathology