title: Analysis of Vertical Ground Reaction Force Variables Using Foot Scans in Hemiplegic Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the differences in the vertical ground reaction force (GRF) variables of hemiplegic patients compared with a control group, and between the affected and unaffected limbs of hemiplegic patients using foot scans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n=20) with hemiplegia and healthy volunteers (n=20) underwent vertical force analysis. We measured the following: the first and second peak forces (F1, F2) and the percent stances at which they occurred (T1, T2); the vertical force impulse (VFI) and stance times. The GRF results were compared between the hemiplegic patients and control individuals, and between the affected and unaffected limbs of hemiplegic patients. Additionally, we analyzed the impulse of the unaffected limb according to the motor assessment scale (MAS), Brunnstrom stage, and a Timed Up and Go Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The F1s and F2s of the affected and unaffected limbs were significantly less than those of the normal control individuals (p<0.05). The T1s of both the affected and unaffected limbs of the patients were greater than control individuals, whilst the T2s were lower (p<0.05). Greater impulses and stance times were recorded on both sides of the patients than in the limbs of the control individuals (p<0.05). The MAS, Brunnstrom stage and Timed Up and Go Test results were significantly correlated with the VFI of the unaffected limbs (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high impulse values of the unaffected limb were associated with complications during gait rehabilitation. Therefore, these results suggest that unaffected limbs should also be taken into consideration in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Gil
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Min
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ha
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Nami
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ja
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Geun-Yeol
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Jo
keywords: Foot deformities; Gait disorder; Hemiplegia; Impulse