title: Rapid intraoperative visualization of breast lesions with γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green.
abstract: We previously developed γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) as a tool to detect viable cancer cells, based on the fact that the enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is overexpressed on membranes of various cancer cells, but is not expressed in normal tissue. Cleavage of the probe by GGT generates green fluorescence. Here, we examined the feasibility of clinical application of gGlu-HMRG during breast-conserving surgery. We found that fluorescence derived from cleavage of gGlu-HMRG allowed easy discrimination of breast tumors, even those smaller than 1 mm in size, from normal mammary gland tissues, with 92% sensitivity and 94% specificity, within only 5 min after application. We believe this rapid, low-cost method represents a breakthrough in intraoperative margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838 [2] Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueo
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838 [2] Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinden
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tobo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Udo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Hisateru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nambara
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Hidenari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Ryutaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurashige
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akiyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
authors.affiliation: Ueo Breast Surgery Hospital, Oita 870-0854, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Ueo Breast Surgery Hospital, Oita 870-0854, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.affiliation: Ueo Breast Surgery Hospital, Oita 870-0854, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kijima
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Heiji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshinaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033.
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakabe
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033.
authors.forename: Mako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Signal Processing and Instrumentation Section, Division of Computational Bioscience, Center of Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5624, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kakareka
authors.affiliation: Signal Processing and Instrumentation Section, Division of Computational Bioscience, Center of Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5624, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Pohida
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA.
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Choyke
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA.
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Ueo Breast Surgery Hospital, Oita 870-0854, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueo
authors.affiliation: 1] Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033 [2] Basic Research Program and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urano
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu 874-0838.
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mimori
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012235:Rhodamines; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase