title: Positive feedback of DDX6/c-Myc/PTB1 regulated by miR-124 contributes to maintenance of the Warburg effect in colon cancer cells.
abstract: The human DEAD/H-box RNA helicase gene DDX6 is a target of the t(11;14)(q23;q32) chromosomal translocation observed in human B-cell lymphoma, and the overexpression of its protein has been shown to cause malignant transformation. DDX6 has a variety of functions such as translation initiation, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome assembly, and more. However, details of the regulatory mechanism of DDX6 and functions of DDX6 in cancer cells are largely unknown. On the other hand, the Warburg effect is a well-known feature of cancer cells. Pyruvate kinase in muscle (PKM), which is a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme, has 2 isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2. It has been frequently reported that PKM2 is a tumor-specific isoform and promotes the Warburg effect. However, the functions of the PKM1 gene have been hardly mentioned. Here, we showed that DDX6 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer specimens and regulated by microRNA (miR)-124 in colon cancer cells. Also, a DDX6/c-Myc/PTB1 positive feedback circuit regulated by miR-124 was shown to be established and to contribute to maintenance of the Warburg effect. Moreover, we showed that knockdown of DDX6 induced mainly apoptosis through an imbalance of PKM gene expression, especially causing down-regulation of PKM1 in colon cancer cells. These results suggest that miR-124 is a fine tuner of the Warburg effect and that DDX6 is one of the key molecules in Warburg effect-related miR-124 targeting various genes.
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan. Electronic address: sur144@poh.osaka-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugito
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Minami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumazaki
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Nami
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Surgery, Gifu University School of medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuhashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Surgery, Gifu University School of medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Futamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Surgery, Gifu University School of medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akao
keywords: DDX6; MiR-124; PKM; PTBP1; Warburg effect; c-Myc