title: A maternal high salt diet disturbs cardiac and vascular function of offspring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High salt intake is an environmental factor that promotes increased blood pressure. We previously demonstrated that high salt diet causes aggravation of hypertension and impaired vasodilation in response to nitric oxide (NO) in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which exhibit low sensitivity to salt in adulthood. Changes in offspring blood pressure and cardiovascular structures have been reported. However, it remains unclear to what extent a maternal high salt intake may affect cardiac and/or vascular function in offspring. Therefore, we investigated influence of exposure to a maternal high salt diet during gestation and lactation on offspring's cardiac and arterial functions in SHR.
  
  
  METHODS
  SHR dams were fed either a high salt diet or a control diet. After weaning, the offspring were fed the high salt diet or control diet for 8weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with offspring of control diet-fed dams, at 12weeks of age, offspring of the high-salt diet-fed dams had lower blood pressure, heart rate, indices of both left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, and a decreased aortic vasodilation response to NO. Postnatal high salt intake did not affect blood pressure, vasodilatory response, or cardiac function in offspring of high-salt diet-fed dams. Neither maternal nor postnatal dietary salt altered levels of lipid peroxide, superoxide dismutase, or angiotensinogen mRNA in serum and ventricle of the offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to high maternal dietary salt induces cardiac and vascular dysfunction in offspring. These results point to the possible importance of avoiding excess dietary salt during gestation and lactation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan.
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan. Electronic address: skagota@mukogawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kagota
authors.affiliation: BioMedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3V6, Canada.
authors.forename: Bruce N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Van Vliet
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinozuka
mesh_terms: D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000201:enzymology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat
keywords: And vascular function; Cardiac function; Dietary salt; Fetal programming; Maternal effects; Nurse environment; Prenatal nutrition physiology