title: Antioxidant profile, carbonyl and lipid oxidation markers in the parotid and submandibular glands of rats in different periods of streptozotocin induced diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to estimate the antioxidants barrier, and the oxidative stress in the salivary glands of rats in different periods of streptozotocin induced diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided in: 4 control (C2/4/10/14) and 4 experimental (DM2/4/10/14) groups. Salivary glands were removed 2/4/10/14 weeks after streptozotocin injection. Peroxidase (Px), uric acid (UA), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase (CAT), malonylodialdehyde (MDA), advanced glycation end products (AGE) concentrations were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAS, Px were lower in the parotid diabetic glands throughout the whole experiment. TAS in the submandibular diabetic glands was lower in 2nd and 4th and higher in 14th week. Px in the submandibular diabetic glands was reduced in 4th and increased in 14th week. UA was lower in parotid, elevated in submandibular diabetic glands in 4th, 10th, 14th weeks. In the submandibular as compared to parotid glands an increase in TAS and UA was observed in 10th and 14th, Px in 14th week. In all periods, a significant increase in AGE was observed in both diabetic salivary glands. An increase in MDA was observed in the parotid diabetic glands in the 4th, 10th, 14th of the study. In the submandibular glands this increase was observed in the 2nd, 4th, 10th week, in the 14th week, the MDA level was significantly reduced in comparison to the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antioxidants of parotid glands are deficient throughout the whole experiment. In the last period submandibular glands copy with free radicals, becoming the main antioxidant's source.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Str., 15-274 Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: jmatczuk@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zalewska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Care Higher Vocational School, Noniewicza 10 Str., 16-400 Suwalki, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knaś
authors.affiliation: Students' Scientific Group "Stomatological Biochemistry" at the Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Str., 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maciejczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Bialystok, Plac Brodowicza 1 Str., 16-010 Choroszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Napoleon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Waszkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Str., 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klimiuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Str., 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choromańska
authors.affiliation: County Veterinary Inspection, Zwycięstwa 26B Str., 15-959 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matczuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok, Sklodowskiej M.C. 24a Str., 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waszkiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University Bialystok, Szpitalna 37 Str., 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Car
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013311:Streptozocin
keywords: AGE; Antioxidants; Diabetes; MDA; Salivary glands