title: Optineurin: The autophagy connection.
abstract: Optineurin is a cytosolic protein encoded by the OPTN gene. Mutations of OPTN are associated with normal tension glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic components to the lysosomes. It plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles. The optineurin protein is a selective autophagy receptor (or adaptor), containing an ubiquitin binding domain with the ability to bind polyubiquitinated cargoes and bring them to autophagosomes via its microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-interacting domain. It is involved in xenophagy, mitophagy, aggrephagy, and tumor suppression. Optineurin can also mediate the removal of protein aggregates through an ubiquitin-independent mechanism. This protein in addition can induce autophagy upon overexpression or mutation. When overexpressed or mutated, the optineurin protein also serves as a substrate for autophagic degradation. In the present review, the multiple connections of optineurin to autophagy are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 1855 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 1855 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: beatyue@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Beatrice Y J T
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yue
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D006801:Humans; D057066:Low Tension Glaucoma / Q000235:genetics*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D035582:Transcription Factor TFIIIA / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C409460:OPTN protein, human; D035582:Transcription Factor TFIIIA
keywords: Aggrephagy; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); Autophagy; Autophagy inducer; Autophagy receptor; Mitophagy; Normal tension glaucoma (NTG); Optineurin (OPTN); Protein aggregate; Tumor suppressor; Ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS); Xenophagy