title: Assessment of hormone-like activities in Ginkgo biloba, Elettaria cardamomum and Plantago ovata extracts using in vitro receptor-specific bioassays.
abstract: Medicinal plants are widely used for the treatment of diseases and for the development of new drugs. This study was designed to determine the presence of hormone-like activities dependent on the activation of human estrogen receptor alpha (hERa) and/or androgen receptor (hAR) in methanol extracts prepared from three medicinal plants historically and currently used for therapeutic purposes: Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBL), Elettaria cardamomum seeds (ECS) and Plantago ovata seeds (POS). After a solid-liquid extraction (SLE) step, their effects on hERa function were assessed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using the E-Screen bioassay, and their ability to induce hAR-mediated reporter gene expression was evaluated using the androgen-sensitive stable prostatic PALM cell line. Unlike POS extracts, GBL and ECS extracts showed estrogenic (0.07 and 0.20 nM E2Eq mg(-1), respectively) and anti-estrogenic (0.01 and 0.02 μM ICI182780Eq mg(-1), respectively) activities. ECS extracts evidenced androgenic activity (0.30 nM R1881Eq mg(-1)) and POS extracts anti-androgenic activity (22.30 μM ProcEq mg(-1)). According to these findings, these plant extracts may interfere with the endocrine system via one or more hormonal receptors, and further investigation is warranted into their role as endocrine disrupters in humans.
authors.affiliation: a Research Support Unit , San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.
authors.forename: Macarena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Real
authors.forename: José-Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Molina-Molina
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Horacio R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Diéguez
authors.forename: Mariana F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olea
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D028523:Elettaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010943:Plantago / Q000737:chemistry*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
keywords: E-Screen bioassay; Elettaria cardamomum seeds; Ginkgo biloba leaves; Plantago ovata seeds; human androgen receptor (hAR)