title: Pharmacokinetic modeling of therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: With the increasing use of different types of therapies in treating autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there is a need to utilize pharmacokinetic (PK) strategies to optimize the clinical outcome of these treatments. Various PK analysis approaches, including population PK modeling and physiologically based PK modeling, have been used to evaluate drug PK characteristics and population variability or to predict drug PK profiles in a mechanistic manner. This review outlines the PK modeling of major SLE therapies including immunosuppressants (methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate and cyclophosphamide, among others) and immunomodulators (intravenous immunoglobulin). It summarizes the population PK modeling, physiologically based PK modeling and model-based individualized dosing strategies to improve the therapeutic outcomes in SLE patients.
authors.affiliation: a 1 Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Catherine M T
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sherwin
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Venkata K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Yellepeddi
authors.forename: Hermine I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vinks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: azathioprine; cyclophosphamide; methotrexate; mycophenolate; pharmacokinetic modeling; systemic lupus erythematosus