title: Intrahepatic triglyceride content is independently associated with chronic kidney disease in obese adults: A cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with some common critical cardio-metabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to explore the association between intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content and CKD in obese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1068 obese participants received anthropometric, biochemical measurements and hepatic ultrasonography. Of those, 485 participants received magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) for the determination of IHTG content. CKD was defined as a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR)≥30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of CKD was significantly higher in NAFLD subjects compared to subjects without NAFLD, while the prevalence of CKD was gradually increased as the IHTG content increased by quartiles (P for trend<0.001). After adjustment for multivariate metabolic factors, the risk of abnormal albuminuria and CKD was increased by 68% [OR (95% CI): 1.68 (1.21-2.33), P<0.01] and 54% [OR (95% CI): 1.54 (1.14-2.07), P<0.01] respectively per one standard deviation (SD) increase in IHTG content. The association between IHTG content and CKD was not changed by conventional risk factors, including age, BMI and hypertension (all P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IHTG content is independently associated with CKD in obese adults.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China.
authors.forename: Zhu-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China. Electronic address: lixy@sibs.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China. Electronic address: xmlixuejun@163.com.
authors.forename: Xue-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Albuminuria; Chronic kidney disease; Intrahepatic triglyceride content; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Obesity