title: Development of a computerised decisions support system for renal risk drugs targeting primary healthcare.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess general practitioners (GPs) experience from the implementation and use of a renal computerised decision support system (CDSS) for drug dosing, developed for primary healthcare, integrated into the patient's electronic health record (EHR), and building on estimation of the patient's creatinine clearance (ClCG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative research design by a questionnaire and a focus group discussion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight GPs at two primary healthcare centres (PHCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The GP at PHC 1, and the project group, developed and tested the technical solution of the CDSS. Proof-of-concept was tested by seven GPs at PHC 2. They also participated in a group discussion and answered a questionnaire. A web window in the EHR gave drug and dosage in relation to ClCG. Each advice was according to three principles: If? Why? Because.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) The GPs' experience of 'easiness to use' and 'perceived usefulness' at PHC 2, based on loggings of use, answers from a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale, and answers from a focus group discussion. (2) The number of patients aged 65 years and older with an estimation of ClCG before and after the implementation of the CDSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GPs found the CDSS fast, simple and easy to use. They appreciated the automatic presentation of the CICG status on opening the medication list, and the ability to actively look up specific drug recommendations in two steps. The CDSS scored high on the Likert scale. All GPs wanted to continue the use of the CDSS and to recommend it to others. The number of patients with an estimated ClCG increased 1.6-fold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acceptance of the simple graphical interface of this push and pull renal CDSS was high among the primary care physicians evaluating this proof of concept. The graphical model should be useful for further development of renal decision support systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helldén
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fadiea
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Aieshy
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Healthcare Development, Public Healthcare Administration, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bastholm-Rahmner
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Development, Public Healthcare Administration, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Höök
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Development, Public Healthcare Administration, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sjöviker
authors.affiliation: Vendelsö Healthcare Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Söderström
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Odar-Cederlöf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D058005:General Practitioners; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011320:Primary Health Care; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY; GERIATRIC MEDICINE; NEPHROLOGY; PRIMARY CARE