title: Inflammation-induced formation of fat-associated lymphoid clusters.
abstract: Fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) are a type of lymphoid tissue associated with visceral fat. Here we found that the distribution of FALCs was heterogeneous, with the pericardium containing large numbers of these clusters. FALCs contributed to the retention of B-1 cells in the peritoneal cavity through high expression of the chemokine CXCL13, and they supported B cell proliferation and germinal center differentiation during peritoneal immunological challenges. FALC formation was induced by inflammation, which triggered the recruitment of myeloid cells that expressed tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) necessary for signaling via the TNF receptors in stromal cells. Natural killer T cells (NKT cells) restricted by the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d were likewise required for the inducible formation of FALCs. Thus, FALCs supported and coordinated the activation of innate B cells and T cells during serosal immune responses.
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bénézech
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Nguyet-Thin
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.affiliation: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany.|Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia.|Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrei A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kruglov
authors.affiliation: Lymphocyte Signalling and Development Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Yunhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nayar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
authors.forename: Lucy H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flores-Langarica
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Alistair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Gurdyal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Besra
authors.affiliation: Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Mohini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Fleming Institute, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kollias
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Adam F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Withers
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Kai Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Toellner
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Nick D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Lymphocyte Signalling and Development Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veldhoen
authors.affiliation: German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany.|Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia.|Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergei A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nedospasov
authors.affiliation: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew N J
authors.initials: ANJ
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity and Infection, IBR-MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Jorge H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Caamaño
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D055611:Natural Killer T-Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054382:Chemokine CXCL13; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha