title: Similar sound intensity dependence of the N1 and P2 components of the auditory ERP: Averaged and single trial evidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The literature suggests that the N1 and P2 waves of the auditory ERP are dissociable at the developmental, experimental, and source levels. At the experimental level, inconsistent findings suggest different effects of intensity on the amplitudes of the auditory N1 and P2. Our main goal was to analyze the intensity dependence of the auditory N1 and P2 while controlling for habituation effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the intensity dependence of both averaged and single-trial auditory N1 and P2 waves elicited in a repeated-stimulation protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  N1 and P2 revealed similar intensity dependence on both standard and filter denoised ERP, with a linear tendency for higher intensities to elicit higher absolute peak amplitudes. At the single-trial level, both waves covary irrespective of stimulus intensity and trial order.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that stimulus intensity variation induces similar effects on both and N1 and P2 and partially contradict previous data that classified the P2 as a non-habituating component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on the functional significance of the auditory P2 deflection. In addition, the present work demonstrated the applicability of a filter denoising method for single-trial estimation in the analysis of the experimental effects on auditory ERP components.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: tiagopaiva@fpce.up.pt.
authors.forename: Tiago O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal; School of Criminology, Faculty of Law of the University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Santos
authors.affiliation: The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Joana B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Services, Hospital S. João, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal; Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Pedro L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marques-Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013016:Sound; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Auditory ERP; Habituation; Intensity; N1–P2 components; Single-trial analysis