title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To probe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study retrospectively collected MRI data for 21 pathology-confirmed OCCCs from 19 female patients. The MRI findings were analyzed to determine the tumor size, shape/edge, shape and number of protrusions within the cyst, cystic or necrotic components, signal intensity (SI) and enhancement features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age of the 19 patients ranged from 28 to 63 years (mean age: 53 years). Unilateral tumors were found in 17 patients (17/19, 89%); the average size of all tumors was 10.8 cm. The tumors on MRI were classified into two categories: (a) "cystic adnexal mass with solid protrusions" in 12 (57%) and (b) "solid adnexal mass with cystic areas or necrosis" in 9 (43%). For group a, high to very high SI was observed for most tumors (10/12, 83%) on T1-weighted images (T1WIs), and very high SI was observed on T2-weighted images (T2WIs) for all 12 tumors. Most solid protrusions were irregular and few in number and exhibited heterogeneous intermediate SI on T1WIs and T2WIs and prolonged enhanced SI in the contrast study. All 9 OCCCs in group b were predominantly solid masses with unequally sized necrotic or cystic areas in which some cysts were located at the periphery of the tumor (4/9, 44%). The solid components in all 9 tumors showed iso- or slightly high SI on T1WIs, heterogeneous iso-high SI on T2WIs and heterogeneous prolonged enhancement. According to FIGO classification, 14 tumors (14/19, 74%) were stages I-II, and 5 (5/19, 26%) were stages III-IV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On MRI, OCCCs present as large unilateral multilocular or unilocular cystic masses with irregular intermediate SI solid protrusions or predominantly solid masses with cysts or necrosis at an early FIGO stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yajia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Weijun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; C578959:carbohydrate antigen 199, human