title: Comparison of estimated human dose of (68)Ga-MAA with (99m)Tc-MAA based on rat data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (99m)Tc macroaggregated albumin ((99m)Tc-MAA) that had been used as a perfusion agent has been evaluated. In this study, we tried to estimate human absorbed dose of ⁶⁸Ga-MAA via commercially available kit from Pars-Isotopes, based on biodistribution data in wild-type rats, and compare our estimation with the available absorbed dose data from (99m)Tc-MAA.
  
  
  METHODS
  For biodistribution of ⁶⁸Ga-MAA, three rats were sacrificed at each selected times after injection (15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min) and the percentage of injected dose per gram of each organ was measured by direct counting from rats data from 11 harvested organs. The medical internal radiation dose formulation was applied to extrapolate from rats to human and to project the absorbed radiation dose for various organs in humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biodistribution data for ⁶⁸Ga-MAA showed that the most of the activity was taken up by the lung (more than 97 %) in no time. Our dose prediction shows that a 185-MBq injection of ⁶⁸Ga-MAA into humans might result in an estimated absorbed dose of 4.31 mGy in the whole body. The highest absorbed doses are observed in the adrenals, spleen, pancreas, and red marrow with 0.36, 0.34, 0.26, and 0.19 mGy, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the (99m)Tc-MAA remains longer than ⁶⁸Ga-MAA in the lung and ⁶⁸Ga-MAA has good image qualities and results in lower amounts of dose delivery to the critical organs such as gonads, red marrow, and adrenals, the use of ⁶⁸Ga-MAA is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P. O. Box: 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran. sshanehsazzadeh@aeoi.org.ir.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanehsazzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Afsaneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lahooti
authors.affiliation: Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P. O. Box: 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yousefnia
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parham
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geramifar
authors.affiliation: Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P. O. Box: 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jalilian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D051381:Rats; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; C059652:gallium macroaggregated human serum albumin
keywords: Biodistribution; Effective absorbed dose; Gallium 68; Macroaggregated albumin (MAA)