title: Biomarkers of environmental stress in gills of Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) from Balearic Island.
abstract: In aquatic environments, bivalve molluscs are used as sentinel species for environmental biomonitoring. In this study Pinna nobilis specimens, the biggest Mediterranean bivalve, were collected in the Magaluf bay (Mallorca), a touristic location and in a pristine area of the Cabrera National Park as the control location. Histological and histochemical analysis in gills of specimens sampled from Magaluf exhibited evident tissue alterations with high presence of haemocytes. Lower acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and protein expression were also found in the gills of specimens collected from Magaluf compared with the control area. The determination of antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, showed a higher activities of these antioxidant enzymes and total glutathione content in samples from Magaluf bay than in Cabrera. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that human activities result in morphological tissue alterations and a reduced AChE activity in gills of P. nobilis. Moreover, these stressful environmental conditions induced an adaptive response in P. nobilis as evidenced by increased antioxidant defences and a decreased AChE activity.
  The human activities induce oxidative stress in P. nobilis as evidenced by increased antioxidant defences and a decreased acetylcholinesterase activity.
authors.affiliation: Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Messina, Viale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natalotto
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBEROBN: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain. Electronic address: tosugo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sureda
authors.affiliation: Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Messina, Viale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maisano
authors.affiliation: Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Messina, Viale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Nunziacarla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spanò
authors.affiliation: Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Messina, Viale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mauceri
authors.affiliation: Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Moll de Ponent s/n, 07015 Palma, Spain.
authors.forename: Salud
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deudero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D062312:Islands; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013030:Spain; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: AChE; Antioxidant enzymes; GSH; Oxidative stress; Pinna nobilis