title: Developmental neurotoxic effects of two pesticides: Behavior and neuroprotein studies on endosulfan and cypermethrin.
abstract: Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals have been of growing interest in recent years due to the increasing reports of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. Exposure to these substances during early development may lead to adverse behavior effects manifested at a later phase of life. Pesticides are a wide group of chemicals which are still actively used and residues are found in the environment and in food products. The present study investigated the potential developmental neurotoxic effects of two different types of pesticides, endosulfan and cypermethrin, after a single neonatal exposure during a critical period of brain development. Ten-day-old male NMRI mice were administrated an oral dose of endosulfan or cypermethrin (0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg body weight, respectively). Levels of proteins were measured in the neonatal and adult brain, and adult behavioral testing was performed. The results indicate that both pesticides may induce altered levels of neuroproteins, important for normal brain development, and neurobehavioral abnormalities manifested as altered adult spontaneous behavior and ability to habituate to a novel home environment. The neurotoxic behavioral effects were also presentseveral months after the initial testing, indicating long-lasting or even persistent irreversible effects. Also, the present study suggests a possible link between the altered levels of neuroprotein and changes in behavior when exposed during a critical period of brain development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Iwa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fredriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buratovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: henrik.viberg@ebc.uu.se.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viberg
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; D004726:Endosulfan
keywords: Behaviour; Cypermethrin; Developmental Neurotoxicology; Endosulfan; Neonatal; Protein