title: Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of the Neuroprotective Effects of Scutellarin and Scutellarein against Ischemic Insult.
abstract: For more than thirty years, scutellarin (Scu) has been used in China to clinically treat acute cerebral infarction and paralysis. Scutellarein (Scue), the major Scu metabolite in vivo, exhibits heightened neuroprotective effects when compared to Scu. To explore the neuroprotective role of these compounds, we performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) coupled with a pattern recognition approach to investigate metabolomic differences in a rat model of ischemia after treatment with each compound. We examined metabolites in urine, hippocampal tissue, and plasma, and we tentatively identified 23 endogenous metabolites whose levels differed significantly between sham-operated and model groups. Upon pathway analysis, we found an additional 11 metabolic pathways in urine, 14 metabolic pathways in the hippocampal tissue, and 3 metabolic pathways in plasma. These endogenous metabolites were mainly involved in sphingolipid metabolism, lysine biosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. We found that metabolic changes after ischemic injury returned to near-normal levels after Scue intervention, unlike Scu treatment, further validating the heightened protective effects exerted by Scue compared to Scu. These results demonstrate that Scue is a potential drug for treatment of ischemic insult.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Nian-Guang
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Weixia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Qianping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Pengxuan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Zexi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Minzhe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Ao
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005965:Glucuronates; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C484876:scutellarin; D047310:Apigenin; C458179:scutellarein