title: Does Use of a Second Cuff Improve Artificial Urinary Sphincter Effectiveness? Evaluation Using a Comparative Cadaver Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The artificial urinary sphincter is the gold standard long-term solution for male stress incontinence. Some urologists believe that including a second urethral cuff at the time of placement can improve efficacy but strong evidence is lacking. We compared the functionality of a single vs a tandem cuff in a cadaver model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Artificial urinary sphincter reservoir pressure was confirmed at 61 to 70 cm H2O. The bulbar urethra was dissected through a perineal approach in each of 4 cadavers. Distal and proximal bulbar urethral circumference was measured. The membranous urethra was transected. Cuffs sized based on circumference measurements were placed distal and proximal, and connected to the reservoir and pump. Retrograde leak point pressure was measured sequentially across the distal, proximal and tandem cuffs. We used the Friedman test to compare retrograde leak point pressure among the 3 cuff positions, the paired t-test to compare distal and proximal urethral circumferences and the Spearman correlation to compare urethral circumference to retrograde leak point pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean retrograde leak point pressure across the distal, proximal and tandem cuffs was 73.5, 77.75 and 79.25 cm H2O, respectively (p=0.44). Mean urethral circumference of the distal and proximal bulbar urethra was 4.78 and 5.83 cm, respectively (p=0.019). There was a strong positive correlation between urethral circumference and retrograde leak point pressure (rs=0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tandem cuff did not improve retrograde leak point pressure. Proximal bulbar urethral circumference was greater than distal circumference and increasing urethral circumference correlated with increasing retrograde leak point pressure. Therefore, the perceived benefit of tandem cuffs may reflect more proximal placement of one of the cuffs.
authors.affiliation: The Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: mmanka@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Madeleine G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Manka
authors.affiliation: The Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: E James
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000503:physiopathology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016741:Urinary Sphincter, Artificial; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology
keywords: artificial; cadaver; urinary bladder; urinary incontinence; urinary sphincter; urodynamics