title: An open-label, single-arm trial of the safety and efficacy of a novel preparation of glutathione as a skin-lightening agent in Filipino women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione (GSH) is a naturally occurring thiol that has been reported to cause skin lightening in a manner for which several mechanisms have been proposed. Highest plasma concentrations are achieved with IV administration but are accompanied by greater levels of risk. Oral administration has been less successful in elevating plasma GSH levels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The use of a lozenge containing GSH was investigated in order to evaluate the buccal mucosa as a route for GSH administration. Substances that are absorbed through the buccal route go directly into the systemic circulation, effectively bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty Filipino females with Fitzpatrick skin types IV or V received a glutathione-containing lozenge daily for eight weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings showed a significant decrease in melanin indices from baseline to endpoint that became evident in as little as two weeks. There were no serious adverse events, and laboratory examination findings remained normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude that the lozenge containing glutathione was safe and effective in lightening the skin of Filipino women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Evangeline B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Handog
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, St Luke's Medical Center, Bonifacio Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Maria Suzanne L
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Datuin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, St Luke's Medical Center, Bonifacio Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Ivan A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Singzon
mesh_terms: D000278:Administration, Buccal; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008543:Melanins / Q000032:analysis*; D010679:Philippines; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations; D005978:Glutathione