title: The Role of G22 A Adenosine Deaminase 1 Gene Polymorphism and the Activities of ADA Isoenzymes in Fertile and Infertile Men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate frequency distribution of adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA1) G22 A alleles and genotypes in fertile and infertile men.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we evaluate frequency distribution of ADA1 G22 A alleles and genotypes in 200 fertile and 200 infertile men. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used for determining ADA1 G22 A variants. In addition, ADA isoenzymes activities (ADA1 and ADA2) were measured using colorimetric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of GG genotype was significantly higher and GA genotype was lower in infertile males compared with fertile men (P = .048 and P = .045, respectively). However, there was not any noticeable difference in allele distribution between groups (P >.05). Based on logistic regression analysis, the GA genotype has a protective role and can decrease the risk of male infertility 1.7 times (P = .046). There were significantly higher activities of ADAT and its isoenzymes in infertile males compared with fertile men (P <.05). Also, the ADA1 activity with GG genotype was higher than GA carriers in all population (P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results revealed that the activity of ADA isoenzymes and distribution of ADA1 G22 A genotypes were different among fertile and infertile men and more likely the GA genotype, which had lower ADA1 activity and was higher in fertile men is a protective factor against infertility.
authors.affiliation: Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fattahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khodadadi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Latifi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghorbani
authors.affiliation: Urology & Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Electronic address: tavilani@umsha.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Heidar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tavilani
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005298:Fertility / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D004247:DNA; C548482:ADA protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase