title: Survey of Sleep Status and its Related Factors among Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disorders among heart failure (HF) patients negatively influence the quality of life. Awareness of sleep disturbances, as one of the disturbing factors of the quality of life among HF patients, and its related factors would help health care staff to provide more comprehensive care. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the quality of sleep and its related factors in hospitalized patients with HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional survey study was conducted on 240 patients with HF hospitalized in one of the health centers of Guilan University of Medical Sciences between July and December 2013. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a researcher-designed questionnaire on sleep disturbing factors were the instruments of this study. The correlation and relationship between sleep quality and variables related to personal, environmental, and disease factors were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the samples (91.2%) had a poor sleep quality. A significant positive correlation was found between sleep quality and age (r = 0.322; p value < 0.001), body mass index (r = 0.212; p value < 0.001), number of comorbidities (r = 0.205; p value = 0.001), number of hospitalizations (r = 0.202; p value < 0.001), number of drugs consumed (r = 0.178; p value = 0.003), and length of stay in hospital (r = 0.149; p value = 0.011). Also, significant differences were seen between sleep quality and sex (p value = 0.014), smoking (p value = 0.038), educational level (p value = 0. 047), and hospital noise (p value = 0. 004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age, sex, educational level, smoking, and obesity were the most significant factors affecting the sleep quality in our HF patients.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Nazila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Javadi
authors.affiliation: Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. ; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darvishpour
authors.affiliation: Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mehrdad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasrin Mokhtari
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Lakeh
keywords: Heart failure; Questionnaires; Sleep disorders; Sleep status