title: Control of Macrophage Dynamics as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Clinical Disorders Involving Chronic Inflammation.
abstract: Macrophages are a well recognized player of both innate and adaptive immunity and have emerged as a key regulator of systemicmetabolism, hematopoiesis, vasculogenesis, apoptosis, malignancy, and reproduction. Such pleiotropic roles of macrophages are mirrored by their protean features. Upon environmental. challenges, macrophages redistribute and differentiate in situ and contribute to the multiple disease states by exerting protective and pathogenic effects. The environmental challenges include cytokines, chemokines, lipid mediators, and extrinsic insults, such as food and pathogenic bacteria. In addition, homeostasis and the activation state of macrophages are influenced by various metabolites from a commensal microbe that colonizes epithelial and mucosal surfaces, such as the lungs, intestines, and skin. In this review, we describe macrophage differentiation, polarization, and various functions in chronic disease states, including chronic inflammatory bowel disease, tumorigenesis, metabolism and obesity, and central nervous system demyelinating disorders. Controlling the macrophage dynamics to affect the pathologic states is considered to be an important therapeutic approach for many clinical disorders involving chronic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (W.O., Y.H.); and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (K.H.).
authors.forename: Wakana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (W.O., Y.H.); and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (K.H.).
authors.forename: Kohshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (W.O., Y.H.); and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (K.H.) yhattori@med.u-toyama.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hattori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*