title: C. elegans SoxB genes are dispensable for embryonic neurogenesis but required for terminal differentiation of specific neuron types.
abstract: Neurogenesis involves deeply conserved patterning molecules, such as the proneural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. Sox proteins and specifically members of the SoxB and SoxC groups are another class of conserved transcription factors with an important role in neuronal fate commitment and differentiation in various species. In this study, we examine the expression of all five Sox genes of the nematode C. elegans and analyze the effect of null mutant alleles of all members of the SoxB and SoxC groups on nervous system development. Surprisingly, we find that, unlike in other systems, neither of the two C. elegans SoxB genes sox-2 (SoxB1) and sox-3 (SoxB2), nor the sole C. elegans SoxC gene sem-2, is broadly expressed throughout the embryonic or adult nervous system and that all three genes are mostly dispensable for embryonic neurogenesis. Instead, sox-2 is required to maintain the developmental potential of blast cells that are generated in the embryo but divide only postembryonically to give rise to differentiated neuronal cell types. Moreover, sox-2 and sox-3 have selective roles in the terminal differentiation of specific neuronal cell types. Our findings suggest that the common themes of SoxB gene function across phylogeny lie in specifying developmental potential and, later on, in selectively controlling terminal differentiation programs of specific neuron types, but not in broadly controlling neurogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA bvi2001@columbia.edu or38@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santella
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serrano-Saiz
authors.affiliation: Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Zhirong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
authors.forename: Chiou-Fen
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA bvi2001@columbia.edu or38@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hobert
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000196:embryology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D055751:SOXC Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D055751:SOXC Transcription Factors
keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans; Neurogenesis; Sox genes