title: Complications in a series of 4400 paediatric cochlear implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to retrospectively review the complications of paediatric patients undergoing cochlear implantation at four major Iranian cochlear implant centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients who underwent primary cochlear implantation from January 1991 to December 2013. The patients were reviewed for demographic information, and complications including cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis, facial palsy, and wound infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  4400 records were reviewed. Fifty-four patients were lost to follow-up; therefore, 4346 records were analysed. The most common aetiology of hearing loss was non-syndromic genetic sensori-neural hearing loss (69%). Other less common aetiologies of hearing loss included TORCH (Toxoplasmosis, Other infections, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes) (11%), syndromic hearing loss (7%), ototoxicity (5%), and autoimmune inner-ear disease (4%). The most common major complications were CSF leak (0.4%), skin necrosis (0.2%), meningitis (0.1%), facial paralysis (0.07%) and massive haemorrhage (0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cochlear implantation continues to be reliable and safe in experienced hands, with a very low percentage of severe complications.
authors.affiliation: Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rassol (PBUH) Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daneshi
authors.affiliation: Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Baqiyatallah Hospital (PBUH), Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ajall2001@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ajalloueyan
authors.affiliation: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem (PBUH) Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mahdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Basir Seyed
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.affiliation: Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rassol (PBUH) Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hesam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Emamjome
authors.affiliation: Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rassol (PBUH) Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farhadi
authors.affiliation: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ajalloueyan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Cochlear implantation; Complication; Iran