title: [Is echocardiography still helpful in cardiac resynchronization therapy?].
abstract: Cardiac resynchronization therapy is an established approach for the treatment of patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. In most centers, these patients are usually evaluated by echocardiography, which allows collecting a number of cardiac anatomical and functional parameters in a non-invasive, repeatable way and without exposure to ionizing radiation. However, over the years, clinical studies have sometimes emphasized and sometimes reduced the role of this method in the setting of cardiac resynchronization therapy for cardiac dyssynchrony evaluation, prognostic stratification of patients, optimization of pacing, and follow-up. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to review the current role of echocardiography before, during and after the implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy device.
authors.affiliation: S.S.D. Cardiologia Non Invasiva e U.O.C. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ferrara.
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.affiliation: S.S.D. Cardiologia Non Invasiva e U.O.C. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ferrara.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertini
authors.affiliation: U.O.D. Diagnostica Cardiologica Integrata, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi, Seconda Università degli Studi, Napoli.
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.affiliation: S.S.D. Cardiologia Non Invasiva e U.O.C. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ferrara.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorencis
authors.affiliation: S.S.D. Cardiologia Non Invasiva e U.O.C. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ferrara.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malagù
authors.affiliation: S.S.D. Cardiologia Non Invasiva e U.O.C. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ferrara.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Casadei
authors.affiliation: Unità per lo Scompenso Cardiaco e la Riabilitazione Cardiologica, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Marco
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi "Federico II", Napoli.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galderisi
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Cardiologia, CMSR Veneto Medica, Altavilla Vicentina (VI).
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nistri
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000379:methods; D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009038:Motion; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*