title: Swedish fathers' experiences of childbirth in relation to maternal birth position: a mixed method study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fathers often want to be involved in labour and birth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate how maternal birth position during second stage of labour may influence fathers' experience of childbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed method study with 221 Swedish fathers completing an on-line questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 174 (78.7%) had a positive overall birth experience. The theme An emotional life-changing event influenced by the birth process and the structure of obstetrical care was revealed and included the categories; Midwives ability to be professional, The birth process' impact, and Being prepared to participate. The most frequently utilised birth position during a spontaneous vaginal birth was birth seat (n=83; 45.1%), and the fathers in this group were more likely to assess the birth position as very positive (n=40; 54.8%) compared to other upright and horizontal birth positions. Fathers with a partner having an upright birth position were more likely to have had a positive birth experience (p=0.048), to have felt comfortable (p=0.003) and powerful (p=0.019) compared to women adopting a horizontal birth position during a spontaneous vaginal birth. When the women had an upright birth position the fathers deemed the second stage of labour to have been more rapid (mean VAS 7.01 vs. 4.53) compared to women in a horizontal birth position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An upright birth position enhances fathers' experience of having been positively and actively engaged in the birth process. Midwives can enhance fathers' feelings of involvement and participation by attentiveness through interaction and communicating skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet Södersjukhuset, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: margareta.johansson@ki.se.
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: The Department of Health Sciences: Child, Family & Reproductive Health, Health Sciences Centre, Lund University, PO Box 157, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: li.thies-lagergren@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thies-Lagergren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D004644:Emotions; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008297:Male; D008880:Midwifery; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D011187:Posture; D011247:Pregnancy; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Birth experience; Birth position; Fathers; Mixed method; Participation