title: Going Paperless? Issues in Converting a Surgical Assessment Tool to an Electronic Version.
abstract: CONSTRUCT: The competence of a trainee to perform a surgical procedure was assessed using an electronic tool.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  "Going paperless" in healthcare has received significant attention over the past decades given the numerous potential benefits of converting to electronic health records. Not surprisingly, medical educators have also considered the potential benefits of electronic assessments for their trainees. What literature exists on the transition from paper-based to electronic-based assessments suggests a positive outcome. In contrast, work done examining the transition to and implementation of electronic health records has noted that hospitals who have implemented these systems have not gone paperless despite the benefits of doing so.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study sought to transition a paper-based assessment tool, the Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (which has strong evidence for validity) to an electronic version, in three surgical specialties (Orthopedic Surgery, Urology, General Surgery). However, as the project progressed, it became necessary to change the focus of the study to explore the issues of transitioning to a paperless assessment tool as we identified an extremely low participation rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the first 3 months 440 assessment cases were logged. However, only a small portion of these cases were assessed using the electronic tool (Orthopedic Surgery = 16%, Urology = 5%, General Surgery = 0%). Participants identified several barriers in using the electronic assessment tool such as increased time compared to the paper version and technological issues related to the log-in procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Essentially, users want the tool to be as convenient as paper. This is consistent with research on electronic health records implementation but different from previous work in medical education. Thus, we believe our study highlights an important finding. Transitioning from a paper-based assessment tool to an electronic one is not necessarily a neutral process. Consideration of potential barriers and finding solutions to these barriers will be necessary in order to realize the many benefits of electronic assessments.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: Wade T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Gofton
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D013043:Specialties, Surgical / Q000193:education*; D013337:Students, Medical
keywords: electronic assessment; performance assessment; transition to electronic assessment