title: Biosynthesis of Panaefluoroline B from the Cultured Mycobiont of Amygdalaria panaeola.
abstract: Panaefluoroline B (2) is a fluorescent yellowish-green pigment produced by the cultured mycobiont of a lichen, Amygdalaria panaeola. Panaefluoroline B (2) has an isoquinoline skeleton, a C5 unit, and an amino acid, glycine, in its structure. The biosynthetic pathway of 2 was revealed by feeding experiments using [1-(13)C]-sodium acetate and [1,2-(13)C2][(15)N]-glycine. The analysis of labeling patterns of 2 and its mass spectrum suggested the isoquinoline part is biosynthesized via the acetate-malonate pathway with glycine as the nitrogen source and that the C5 unit originates from the mevalonate pathway.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio 2-522-1, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio 2-522-1, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Mirei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumaru
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Biological Production Science, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-7, Kaidobata-nishi, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio 2-522-1, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio 2-522-1, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D005387:Finland; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008011:Lichens / Q000382:microbiology*; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007546:Isoquinolines; C000602216:panaefluoroline B; D009584:Nitrogen; D008798:Mevalonic Acid; D005998:Glycine