title: Trial Watch: Immunogenic cell death inducers for anticancer chemotherapy.
abstract: The term "immunogenic cell death" (ICD) is now employed to indicate a functionally peculiar form of apoptosis that is sufficient for immunocompetent hosts to mount an adaptive immune response against dead cell-associated antigens. Several drugs have been ascribed with the ability to provoke ICD when employed as standalone therapeutic interventions. These include various chemotherapeutics routinely employed in the clinic (e.g., doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, bleomycin, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and oxaliplatin) as well as some anticancer agents that are still under preclinical or clinical development (e.g., some microtubular inhibitors of the epothilone family). In addition, a few drugs are able to convert otherwise non-immunogenic instances of cell death intobona fideICD, and may therefore be employed as chemotherapeutic adjuvants within combinatorial regimens. This is the case of cardiac glycosides, like digoxin and digitoxin, and zoledronic acid. Here, we discuss recent developments on anticancer chemotherapy based on ICD inducers.
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pol
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vacchelli
authors.affiliation: Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS).
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Faculté de Medicine; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI ; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castoldi
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eggermont
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cremer
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sautès-Fridman
authors.affiliation: Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University ; Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fucikova
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galon
authors.affiliation: Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University ; Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spisek
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; INSERM , U970 ; Paris, France ; Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC) ; Paris, France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP); AP-HP ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tartour
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zitvogel
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
keywords: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EOX, epirubicin plus oxaliplatin plus capecitabine; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; FOLFIRINOX, folinic acid plus 5-fluorouracil plus irinotecan plus oxaliplatin; FOLFOX, folinic acid plus 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin; GEMOX, gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ICD, immunogenic cell death; MM, multiple myeloma; NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; XELOX, capecitabine plus oxaliplatin; antigen-presenting cell; autophagy; damage-associated molecular pattern; dendritic cell; endoplasmic reticulum stress; mAb, monoclonal antibody; type I interferon