title: The Hidden World within Plants: Ecological and Evolutionary Considerations for Defining Functioning of Microbial Endophytes.
abstract: All plants are inhabited internally by diverse microbial communities comprising bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and protistic taxa. These microorganisms showing endophytic lifestyles play crucial roles in plant development, growth, fitness, and diversification. The increasing awareness of and information on endophytes provide insight into the complexity of the plant microbiome. The nature of plant-endophyte interactions ranges from mutualism to pathogenicity. This depends on a set of abiotic and biotic factors, including the genotypes of plants and microbes, environmental conditions, and the dynamic network of interactions within the plant biome. In this review, we address the concept of endophytism, considering the latest insights into evolution, plant ecosystem functioning, and multipartite interactions.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal phardoim@gmail.com angela.sessitsch@ait.ac.at.
authors.forename: Pablo R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hardoim
authors.affiliation: Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leonard S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: van Overbeek
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pirttilä
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Environment, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Compant
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campisano
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pflanzenkultur, Schnega, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Environment, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sessitsch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060026:Endophytes / Q000502:physiology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D063245:Plant Development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S