title: Development and evaluation of an audiology app for iPhone/iPad mobile devices.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The application described in this study appears to be accurate and valid, thus allowing calculation of a hearing handicap and assessment of the pure-tone air conduction threshold with iPhone/iPad devices.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a newly developed professional, computer-based hearing handicap calculator and a manual hearing sensitivity assessment test for the iPhone and iPad (AudCal).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-center prospective non-randomized validation study. One hundred and ten consecutive adult participants underwent two hearing evaluations, a standard audiometry and a pure-tone air conduction test using AudCal with an iOS device. The hearing handicap calculation accuracy was evaluated comparing AudCal vs a web-based calculator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hearing loss was found in 83 and 84 out of 220 standard audiometries and AudCal hearing tests (Cohen's Kappa = 0.89). The mean difference between AudCal and standard audiogram thresholds was -0.21 ± 6.38 dB HL. Excellent reliability and concordance between standard audiometry and the application's hearing loss assessment test were obtained (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96; intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.93). AudCal vs a web-based calculator were perfectly correlated (Pearson's r = 1).
authors.affiliation: a 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Alt Penedes , Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Larrosa
authors.affiliation: b 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases , Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rama-Lopez
authors.affiliation: c 3 Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín , Las Palmas, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benitez
authors.affiliation: d 4 Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital General Universitario Ciudad Real , Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: d 4 Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital General Universitario Ciudad Real , Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Asuncion
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: d 4 Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital General Universitario Ciudad Real , Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alañon
authors.affiliation: b 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases , Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arancibia-Tagle
authors.affiliation: e 5 Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batuecas-Caletrio
authors.affiliation: f 6 Department of Otolaryngology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez-Lopez
authors.affiliation: f 6 Department of Otolaryngology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perez-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: g 7 Department of Otolaryngology, Clinica Rotger, Palma de Mallorca , Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gimeno
authors.affiliation: h 8 Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Donostia , San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ispizua
authors.affiliation: i 9 Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Comarcal del Bidasoa , Hondarribia, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urrutikoetxea
authors.affiliation: j 10 Otolaryngology Unit ORLGipuzkoa, Clínica Quirón Donostia , San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rey-Martinez
mesh_terms: D001298:Audiology / Q000379:methods*; D001299:Audiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D034201:Computers, Handheld / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004867:Equipment Design; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D063731:Mobile Applications / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012985:Software Design
keywords: Audiology; algorithm; application; calculator; hearing hándicap; hearing loss; iOS; iPhone; mHealth; objective-c