title: The levels of trace elements and heavy metals in patients with acute migraine headache.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the levels of trace elements and heavy metal in patients with acute migraine and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prospective study was conducted at Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey, from May to July 2013, and comprised migraine patients and an equal number of healthy controls. International Headache Society classification was used for diagnosing migraine. Serum copper, zinc, lead, iron, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, and magnesium levels were measured in both groups. Metal concentrations were assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. SPSS 13 was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 25 migraine patients with an average age of 36.4±8.9 years and 25 healthy controls with a mean age of 42.4±9.5 years. Cadmium, iron, manganese and lead levels were significantly elevated in the patients compared to the controls (p<0.05 each), while copper, magnesium and zinc were decreased and cobalt demonstrated no change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trace elements and heavy metals may have a role in the genesis of considerable oxidative stress in patients with acute migraine headache.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hayriye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gonullu
authors.affiliation: Anesteshiology, Van Region Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Edip
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonullu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevdegul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karadas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir Turkey.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kalemci
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery, Van Region Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aycan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Refah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sayin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demir
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003035:Cobalt / Q000097:blood; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*; D014421:Turkey; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003035:Cobalt; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Acute migraine attack, Trace elements, Heavy metals.