title: Root and canal symmetry in the mandibular anterior teeth of patients attending a dental clinic: CBCT study.
abstract: The aims of this study were to evaluate the number of roots/root canals in the mandibular anterior teeth of a Turkish population, to assess the relationship between gender or age and the frequency of two canals in a single root, and to determine the symmetry in root/root canal numbers between contralateral sides among patients. Cone-beam computed tomography images (n = 1128; 6253 teeth) taken at the Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology of the Faculty of Dentistry of Gazi University were examined by three observers and a supervisor, all of whom were blinded to patient gender and age. Axial, sagittal, and cross-sectional slices with a thickness of 1 mm were used. Numbers of roots and canals for each type of tooth were recorded. Most teeth had a single root and single root canal. Roots with two canals were more frequent in the incisors (14.9%, 17.2%, and 6.1% of the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines, respectively). Teeth with two roots were more frequent in the canines (3.1% vs. 0% or 0.1%). Females more often had canines with double root canals (p < 0.001). When at least one tooth had two root canals, bilateral symmetry between contralateral teeth was found in 45.0%, 29.0%, and 28.0% of cases for central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines, respectively. Patients older than 56 years had fewer teeth with double root canals (p ≤ 0.001). A small proportion of the mandibular anterior teeth had two roots or root canals. Double root canals were mostly unilateral. Age and gender were associated with the number of root canals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Guven
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kayaoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilkay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peker
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gumusok
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarikir
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kayadugun
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ucok
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003481:Cuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009811:Odontometry / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult