title: Activation of transcription factor AP-1 in response to thermal injury in rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our previous studies indicated that heat stress can cause significant damage to the intestinal epithelium and induce differential expression of many genes in rat small intestine. The transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB, which act as important mediators by binding to specific DNA sequences within gene promoters, regulate the transcription of genes associated with immune regulation, stress response and cell fate.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine whether AP-1 and NF-κB are involved in hyperthermia-induced injury in rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells, we investigated their activity, and the expression of related proteins, by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and western blotting, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heat stress resulted in severe damage to the epithelium of the small intestine. The cell morphology and viability were obviously altered when IEC-6 cell was exposed to hyperthermia. AP-1 was activated in the small intestine of heat-stressed rats, as was phosphorylation of the JNK signaling pathway. In IEC-6 cell line, AP-1 activation in groups exposed to 42 °C for 1 h, 2 h and 4 h was significantly increased. In contrast, NF-κB was not activated in both in vivo and in vitro models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results reveal that AP-1 is likely to play an important role in regulating gene transcription in rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells during exposure to heat stress.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. yhh2266@126.com.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. zhaohong2556@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. liutaoshuier168@163.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: TCVM Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. changrongwan@126.com.
authors.forename: Changrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. liuxiaoxi_06@163.com.|TCVM Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. liuxiaoxi_06@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoxi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. gaozhimin123@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. xlhsx@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. jls@bac.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Linshu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. Liufenghua1209@126.com.
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1