title: Frequency-dependent effects of sequenced pulsed magnetic field on experimental diabetic neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulsed magnetic field (PMF) as an important non- invasive alternative therapeutic option has been investigated in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. We also hypothesized that sequenced PMF formed with different frequencies can modulate the diabetes-induced neuropathic signs differently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic actions of sequenced PMF including 1, 5, 1, 5 Hz (low (L)-PMF) or 30, 40, 30, 40 Hz (high (H)-PMF) were examined on improving signs and symptoms of diabetic neuropathic pain in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models by measuring nociceptive parameters such as hyperalgesia and allodynia, and various cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, interleukin [IL]-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-10) of spinal cord and sciatic nerve tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ameliorating potential of L-PMF application on signs of diabetes is significantly higher than those of H-PMF. L-PMF partially attenuated the diabetes-induced increase in the blood glucose level, enhanced the decreased thresholds and latency during the experiments. Diabetes enhanced the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6, levels in spinal cord and sciatic nerve of rats. L-PMF treatments to diabetic rats decreased these, but enhanced the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results demonstrated that sequenced L-PMF treatment can relieve neuropathic signs of diabetes in rats. Anti-hyperglycemic, anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of L-PMF treatment can be closely correlated with each other. Furthermore, decreasing actions of L-PMF on pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratio can suggest that the therapeutic potential of L-PMF in diabetes induced neuropathy may involve the regulation of the neuroinflammatory/neuroimmune processes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey.
authors.forename: Tufan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mert
authors.affiliation: b Department of Anesthesiology , School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokce
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gisi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: d School of Medicine (Medical Student), Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey.
authors.forename: Furkan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammed Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Uremis
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Cukurova University , Adana , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gunay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000150:complications; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy; D008297:Male; D059225:Nociception; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Pulsed magnetic field; cytokines; diabetes mellitus; neuropathic pain; rat