title: Fructooligosaccharides exert intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in the CD4+ CD62L+ T cell transfer model of colitis in C57BL/6J mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are used as functional foods due to their prebiotic effects. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity has been established in most, but not all, studies in animal models of colitis, using mainly chemically induced inflammation. Our goal was to test the effect of FOS (degree of polymerization 2-8) in the chronic, lymphocyte-driven CD4+ CD62L+ T cell transfer model of colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colitis was induced by transfer of CD4+ CD62L+ T cells to C57BL/6J Rag1(-/-) mice. FOS (75 mg day(-1)) was administered by gavage as a post-treatment. Three groups were established: non-colitic (NC), colitic control (C, CD4+ CD62L+ transferred mice treated with vehicle) and colitic+FOS (C+FOS, similar but treated with FOS). Mice were killed after 13 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of mice with FOS ameliorated colitis, as evidenced by an increase in body weight, a lesser myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase activities, a lower secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by mesenteric lymph node cells ex vivo (IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α), and a higher colonic expression of occludin (C+FOS vs. C, p < 0.05). Increased relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria was observed in FOS-treated mice (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FOS exert intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in T lymphocyte-dependent colitis, suggesting it may be useful in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in appropriate conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Fermín
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capitán-Cañadas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Borja
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ocón
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos José
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anzola
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarzuelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Fermín Sánchez
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: de Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain. omartine@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martínez-Augustin
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D062506:Claudin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D062507:Claudin-5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003092:Colitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D062793:Occludin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D040501:Calgranulin A; D062506:Claudin-4; D062507:Claudin-5; C568158:Cldn4 protein, mouse; C491511:Cldn5 protein, mouse; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D062793:Occludin; C568986:Ocln protein, mouse; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C086145:S100a8 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C116580:fructooligosaccharide; D019041:L-Selectin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D009195:Peroxidase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Alkaline phosphatase; CD4+ CD62L+ T cell; Colitis; Fructooligosaccharides; Inflammatory bowel disease; Prebiotic