title: Sleep-related epileptic behaviors and non-REM-related parasomnias: Insights from stereo-EEG.
abstract: During the last decade, many clinical and pathophysiological aspects of sleep-related epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal behaviors have been clarified. Advances have been achieved in part through the use of intracerebral recording methods such as stereo-electroencephalography (S-EEG), which has allowed a unique "in vivo" neurophysiological insight into focal epilepsy. Using S-EEG, the local features of physiological and pathological EEG activity in different cortical and subcortical structures have been better defined during the entire sleep-wake spectrum. For example, S-EEG has contributed to clarify the semiology of sleep-related seizures as well as highlight the specific epileptogenic networks involved during ictal activity. Moreover, intracerebral EEG recordings derived from patients with epilepsy have been valuable to study sleep physiology and specific sleep disorders. The occasional co-occurrence of NREM-related parasomnias in epileptic patients undergoing S-EEG investigation has permitted the recordings of such events, highlighting the presence of local electrophysiological dissociated states and clarifying the underlying pathophysiological substrate of such NREM sleep disorders. Based on these recent advances, the authors review and summarize the current and relevant S-EEG literature on sleep-related hypermotor epilepsies and NREM-related parasomnias. Finally, novel data and future research hypothesis will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Epilepsy Surgery "C. Munari", Centre of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Steve A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.affiliation: Centre for Epilepsy Surgery "C. Munari", Centre of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proserpio
authors.affiliation: Unit of Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terzaghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pigorini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarasso
authors.affiliation: Centre for Epilepsy Surgery "C. Munari", Centre of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lo Russo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Epilepsy Surgery "C. Munari", Centre of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tassi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Epilepsy Surgery "C. Munari", Centre of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: lino.nobili@ospedaleniguarda.it.
authors.forename: Lino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nobili
mesh_terms: D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D017034:Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D020447:Parasomnias / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Cyclic alternating pattern; Dissociated state; Epilepsy; Frontal lobe seizure; Hypermotor seizure; Local sleep; Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy; Parasomnias; Sleep-related seizure; Stereo-EEG