title: Polycistronic artificial miRNA-mediated resistance to Wheat dwarf virus in barley is highly efficient at low temperature.
abstract: Infection of Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) strains on barley results in dwarf disease, imposing severe economic losses on crop production. As the natural resistance resources against this virus are limited, it is imperative to elaborate a biotechnological approach that will provide effective and safe immunity to a wide range of WDV strains. Because vector insect-mediated WDV infection occurs during cool periods in nature, it is important to identify a technology which is effective at lower temperature. In this study, we designed artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) using a barley miRNA precursor backbone, which target different conservative sequence elements of the WDV strains. Potential amiRNA sequences were selected to minimize the off-target effects and were tested in a transient sensor system in order to select the most effective constructs at low temperature. On the basis of the data obtained, a polycistronic amiRNA precursor construct (VirusBuster171) was built expressing three amiRNAs simultaneously. The construct was transformed into barley under the control of a constitutive promoter. The transgenic lines were kept at 12-15 °C to mimic autumn and spring conditions in which major WDV infection and accumulation take place. We were able to establish a stable barley transgenic line displaying resistance to insect-mediated WDV infection. Our study demonstrates that amiRNA technology can be an efficient tool for the introduction of highly efficient resistance in barley against a DNA virus belonging to the Geminiviridae family, and this resistance is effective at low temperature where the natural insect vector mediates the infection process.
authors.affiliation: National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi A. út 4, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary.|Crop Science PhD School, Plant Protection Programme, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kis
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, , Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, H-1022, Hungary.|Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/C Pázmány Péter Sétány, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gergely
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tholt
authors.affiliation: National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi A. út 4, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Milán
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ivanics
authors.affiliation: National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi A. út 4, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Éva
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Várallyay
authors.affiliation: National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi A. út 4, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Barnabás
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jenes
authors.affiliation: National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi A. út 4, Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Havelda
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003080:Cold Temperature; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000821:virology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D014908:Triticum / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Hordeum vulgare; Wheat dwarf virus; artificial microRNA; leafhopper; low temperature; resistance