title: Small-angle X-ray scattering method to characterize molecular interactions: Proof of concept.
abstract: Characterizing biomolecular interactions is crucial to the understanding of biological processes. Existing characterization methods have low spatial resolution, poor specificity, and some lack the capability for deep tissue imaging. We describe a novel technique that relies on small-angle X-ray scattering signatures from high-contrast molecular probes that correlate with the presence of biomolecular interactions. We describe a proof-of-concept study that uses a model system consisting of mixtures of monomer solutions of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as the non-interacting species and solutions of GNP dimers linked with an organic molecule (dimethyl suberimidate) as the interacting species. We report estimates of the interaction fraction obtained with the proposed small-angle X-ray scattering characterization method exhibiting strong correlation with the known relative concentration of interacting and non-interacting species.
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allec
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA [2] Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yesupriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szychowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Maricel G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kann
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Elsa D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Garcin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badano
mesh_terms: D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D006046:Gold