title: Bone status of adult female butyrylcholinesterase gene-deficient mice.
abstract: Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) degrades acetylcholine in addition to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which is involved in embryonic development of limbs. Since BChE is expressed by osteoblast-like cells we asked whether it is functional in adult bone remodeling. We addressed this issue by analyzing BChE gene-deficient mice (BChE-KO). Bones were extracted from 16-week old female BChE-KO and corresponding wild type mice (WT). Femoral bones were used for biomechanical testing and μCT evaluation of cancellous and cortical bone. Also vertebrae Th12 and L1 were investigated with μCT while L3 was used for tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP) histomorphometry and Th10 for gene expression analysis by means of real-time RT-PCR. BChE-KO did not reveal significant differences in biomechanical bone strength and bone mineral density determined by μCT. Microarchitecture of cancellous and cortical bone showed an increase in μCT parameters like trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, and relative cortical bone area of femoral BChE-KO bone compared to WT. In vertebrae no changes of microstructure and mRNA expression were detected. However, osteoclast histomorphometry with TRAP stained sections demonstrated a significant increase in relative osteoclast number. In conclusion, in adult murine bone the role of BChE is limited to bone specific changes in microarchitecture and to an increase in relative number of bone resorbing osteoclasts whereas the main collagen resorbing enzyme Cathepsin-K (CtsK) was stably expressed. Besides, AChE might be able to compensate the lack of BChE. Thus, further analyses using bone tissue specific AChE BChE cre-lox double knockout mice would be helpful.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kauschke
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sender
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kampschulte
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovtun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dürselen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma Surgery Giessen, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Campus: Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: Katrin.S.Lips@chiru.med.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Katrin Susanne
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lips
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase
keywords: Biomechanics; Histomorphometry; Non-neuronal cholinergic system; Osteoclast; Real-time RT-PCR; TRAP; μCT