title: Pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease exhibit increased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but decreased circulating levels of macrophage inhibitory protein-1β, interleukin-2 and interleukin-17.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the causative events that lead to the onset of IBD are yet to be fully elucidated, deregulation of immune and inflammatory mechanisms are hypothesized to significantly contribute to this disorder. Since the onset of IBD is often during infancy, in the present study, the serum values of a large panel of cytokines and chemokines in pediatric patients (<18 years; n=26) were compared with age-matched controls (n=37). While elevations in the serum level of several proinflammatory and immune regulating cytokines were confirmed, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5, IL-7, interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein-10, IL-16, cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine, leukemia inhibitory factor, monokine induced by γ-IFN, IFN-α2 and IFN-γ, notably decreased levels of IL-2, IL-17 and macrophage inhibitory protein-1β were also observed. Therefore, while a number of proinflammatory cytokines exhibit increased levels in IBD patients, pediatric IBD patients may also exhibit certain aspects of a reduced immunological response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste 34137, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kleiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste 34137, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zanin
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste 34137, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monasta
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste 34137, Italy ; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crovella
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste 34137, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcuzzi
keywords: chemokines; cytokines; inflammatory bowel disease