title: Proteome from patients with metabolic syndrome is regulated by quantity and quality of dietary lipids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome is a multi-component disorder associated to a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Its etiology is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including dietary habits. We aimed to identify the target proteins modulated by the long-term consumption of four diets differing in the quality and quantity of lipids in the whole proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A randomized, controlled trial conducted within the LIPGENE study assigned 24 MetS patients for 12 weeks each to 1 of 4 diets: a) high-saturated fatty acid (HSFA), b) high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA), c) low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets supplemented with placebo (LFHCC) and d) low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets supplemented with long chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (LFHCC n-3). We analyzed the changes induced in the proteome of both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of PBMC using 2-D proteomic analysis. Sixty-seven proteins were differentially expressed after the long-term consumption of the four diets. The HSFA diet induced the expression of proteins responding to oxidative stress, degradation of ubiquitinated proteins and DNA repair. However, HMUFA, LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 diets down-regulated pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress-related proteins and DNA repairing proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term consumption of HSFA, compared to HMUFA, LFHCC and LFHCC n-3, seems to increase the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, such as inflammation and oxidative stress, and seem lead to DNA damage as a consequence of high oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n. 14004, Córdoba, Spain. bb2razuo@uco.es.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. bb2razuo@uco.es.
authors.forename: Oriol Alberto
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Rangel-Zúñiga
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n. 14004, Córdoba, Spain. antonio.camargo@imibic.org.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. antonio.camargo@imibic.org.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n. 14004, Córdoba, Spain. cmhinojo@yahoo.es.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. cmhinojo@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n. 14004, Córdoba, Spain. patty_pjpo@hotmail.com.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. patty_pjpo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peña-Orihuela
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n. 14004, Córdoba, Spain. pablopermar@yahoo.es.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. pablopermar@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n. 14004, Córdoba, Spain. delgadolista@gmail.com.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. delgadolista@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado-Lista
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n. 14004, Córdoba, Spain. lorena.de.la.guardia@gmail.com.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. lorena.de.la.guardia@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González-Guardia
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n. 14004, Córdoba, Spain. helese35@hotmail.com.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. helese35@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Elena M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yubero-Serrano
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. fjtinahones@hotmail.com.|Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain. fjtinahones@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tinahones
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. bc1mapom@uco.es.|Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain. bc1mapom@uco.es.
authors.forename: María M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Malagón
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n. 14004, Córdoba, Spain. fperezjimenez@uco.es.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. fperezjimenez@uco.es.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food & Health/UCD Conway Institute, School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. helen.roche@ucd.ie.
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n. 14004, Córdoba, Spain. jlopezmir@gmail.com.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. jlopezmir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Miranda
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D020543:Proteome