title: Fetal Oropharyngeal and Neck Tumors: Determination of the Need for Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the ex-utero intrapartum therapy (EXIT) applied to 3 of the 7 cases with oropharyngeal or neck masses and review the indicators of the need for an EXIT procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prenatal presentation, size and localization of the masses, existence of fetal hydrops and associated findings such as polyhydramnios, intraoperative managements, complications, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were evaluated through a retrospective analysis. Four cases had neck masses and three cases had oropharyngeal masses. Prenatal sonography was used as the main diagnostic tool for all patients. The median gestational age was 34.5 weeks at the time of diagnosis and 36 weeks at delivery. Polyhydramnios was observed in three of the seven cases and they were delivered prematurely. Interventions such as endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy were performed to provide patency of the airway during delivery by the EXIT procedure in three cases. Hemangioma was found in two cases, teratoma in two cases, lymphangioma in two cases and hamartoma in one case following pathological examination of the masses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The localization of mass, its characteristics, invasion (if it exists), and relation to the airway are the main factors used to determine the need for EXIT. The presence of polyhydramnios may be an important indicator to predict both the need for EXIT and fetal outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma Tuncay
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Özgünen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ümran Küçükgöz
authors.initials: ÜK
authors.lastname: Güleç
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: İsmail Cüneyt
authors.initials: İC
authors.lastname: Evrüke
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Süleyman Cansun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Büyükkurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Neonatalogy Unit, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hacer
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yapıcıoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: İskit
keywords: Ex-utero intrapartum therapy (EXIT); fetal neck tumors; fetal oropharyngeal tumors; polyhydramnios; ultrasonography