title: Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Impedes MLK3 Kinase Activity to Support Breast Cancer Cell Survival.
abstract: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is amplified in ∼ 15-20% of human breast cancer and is important for tumor etiology and therapeutic options of breast cancer. Up-regulation of HER2 oncogene initiates cascades of events cumulating to the stimulation of transforming PI3K/AKT signaling, which also plays a dominant role in supporting cell survival and efficacy of HER2-directed therapies. Although investigating the underlying mechanisms by which HER2 promotes cell survival, we noticed a profound reduction in the kinase activity of a pro-apoptotic mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) in HER2-positive (HER2+) but not in HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer tissues, whereas both HER2+ and HER2- tumors expressed a comparable level of MLK3 protein. Furthermore, the kinase activity of MLK3 was inversely correlated with HER2+ tumor grades. Moreover, HER2-directed drugs such as trastuzumab and lapatinib as well as depletion of HER2 or HER3 stimulated MLK3 kinase activity in HER2+ breast cancer cell lines. In addition, the noted inhibitory effect of HER2 on MLK3 kinase activity was mediated via its phosphorylation on Ser(674) by AKT and that pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K/AKT prevented trastuzumab- and lapatinib-induced stimulation of MLK3 activity. Consistent with the pro-apoptotic function of MLK3, stable knockdown of MLK3 in the HER2+ cell line blunted the pro-apoptotic effects of trastuzumab and lapatinib. These findings suggest that HER2 activation inhibits the pro-apoptotic function of MLK3, which plays a mechanistic role in mediating anti-tumor activities of HER2-directed therapies. In brief, MLK3 represents a newly recognized integral component of HER2 biology in HER2+ breast tumors.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics and.
authors.forename: Subhasis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics and.
authors.forename: Gautam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sondarva
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics and.
authors.forename: Navin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viswakarma
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics and.
authors.forename: Rakesh Sathish
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153.
authors.forename: Clodia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osipo
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216.
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tzivion
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, and Hines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hines, Illinois 60141.
authors.forename: Basabi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Hines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hines, Illinois 60141 arana@luc.edu.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rana
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008954:Models, Biological; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000097767:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11
chemical_list: D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3; D000097767:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human; C581292:ERBB3 protein, human
keywords: Akt PKB; c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); signal transduction