title: Placenta accreta: diagnosis, management and the molecular biology of the morbidly adherent placenta.
abstract: Placenta accreta is now the chief cause of postpartum hemorrhage resulting in maternal and neonatal morbidity. Prenatal diagnosis decreases blood loss at delivery and intra and post-partum complications. Ultrasound is critical for diagnosis and MRI is a complementary tool when the diagnosis is uncertain. Peripartum hysterectomy has been the standard of therapy but conservative management is increasingly being used. The etiology of accreta is due to a deficiency of maternal decidua resulting in placental invasion into the uterine myometrium. The molecular basis for the development of invasive placentation is yet to be elucidated but may involve abnormal paracrine/autocrine signaling between the deficient maternal decidua and the trophoblastic tissue. The interaction of hormones such as Relaxin which is abundant in maternal decidua and insulin-like 4, an insulin-like peptide found in placental trophoblastic tissue may play role in the formation of placenta accreta.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hawaii Permanente Medical Group , Honolulu , HI , USA and.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health , John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii , Honolulu , HI , USA.
authors.forename: Ivica
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zalud
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D010921:Placenta Accreta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Accreta; autocrine/paracrine insulin like peptides; ultrasound