title: Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection and impact of vaccination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence in the general population in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 148931 individuals were investigated by multistage random sampling in Eastern China. Data were collected on demographics and hepatitis B vaccination history, and serum was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 11469 participants (7.70%, 95%CI: 7.57%-7.84%) were positive for HBsAg. HBsAg prevalence was 0.77% among children < 5 years old but increased progressively from adolescents (1.40%-2.55%) to adults (5.69%-11.22%). A decrease in HBsAg prevalence was strongly associated with vaccination and familial history of HBV among both children and adult groups. Meanwhile, HBsAg risk in adults was associated with invasive testing and sharing needles. The HBV immunization rate among participants aged < 20 years was 93.30% (95%CI: 93.01%-93.58%). Significant difference in HBsAg prevalence appeared between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants (3.59% vs 10.22%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the national goal of HBsAg prevalence < 1% among children < 5 years old has been reached, immunization programs should be maintained to prevent resurgence.
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Li-Guo
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Ye-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Cai
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Bing
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Bin
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Peng Huang, Jing Su, Hong-Bing Shen, Rong-Bin Yu, Zhi-Hang Peng, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hang
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines
keywords: Epidemiological study; Familial history; General population; Hepatitis B surface antigen; Immunization