title: Sedation methods for intra-articular corticosteroid injections in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: a review.
abstract: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. Intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IASI), one of the cornerstones of treatment for this disease, is usually associated with anxiety and pain. IASI in JIA may be performed under general anesthesia, conscious sedation, or local anesthesia alone. Currently, there is no widely accepted standard of care regarding the sedation method for IASI. This review discusses the different methods of anesthesia and sedation in this procedure, emphasizing the advantages and shortcomings of each method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel. amit0108@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oren-Ziv
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Meir Hospital, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Kfar Saba, Israel. hoppy@clalit.org.il.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoppenstein
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel. ayeletsh22@clalit.org.il.
authors.forename: Ayelet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shles
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Kfar Saba, 44281, Israel. uziely@zahav.net.il.
authors.forename: Yosef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uziel
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones