title: Occupation-based intervention in hand injury rehabilitation: Experiences of occupational therapists in Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a previous study consensus was sought from Malaysian occupational therapists of occupation-based intervention (OBI) that was perceived as a means and an end. Occupation as a means refers to occupational and purposeful tasks as a therapeutic agent while occupation as an end refers to occupation as an outcome of intervention. The purpose of this follow-up study was to describe the occupational therapists' experiences of providing OBI in hand injury rehabilitation in Malaysia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen occupational therapists with more than five years of experience in hand rehabilitation were individually interviewed on their experiences of using OBI in practice. Data were thematically analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Definition of "Occupation as a means", and "Occupation as an end" was broadened after data analysis of interviews to include two new themes: "Rewarding yet challenging" and "Making OBI a reality". Occupational therapists had positive experiences with OBI and perceived that occupation as a means and an end can be merged into a single therapy session when the occupational therapists use an occupation that is therapeutic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although occupation as a means and as an end have different purposes, when the ultimate goal is to enhance the clients' maximum level of functioning both can be used for successful rehabilitation of hand injuries.
authors.affiliation: a Discipline of Occupational Therapy, College of Healthcare Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland, Australia ;|b Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Selangor, Malaysia ;
authors.forename: Ahmad Zamir
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Che Daud
authors.affiliation: a Discipline of Occupational Therapy, College of Healthcare Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland, Australia ;
authors.forename: Matthew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland, Australia ;
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: d Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland, Australia ;|e Anton Breinl Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Judd
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D036301:Qualitative Research
keywords: Activities of daily living; hand injuries; occupational therapy; occupations; qualitative research