title: Serum S100A4 levels as a novel biomarker for detection of acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myocardial infarction causes significant mortality and morbidity. Timely diagnosis allows clinicians to risk stratify their patients and select appropriate treatment. Biomarkers have been used to assist with timely diagnosis, while an increasing number of novel markers have been identified to predict outcome following an acute myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine S100A4 expression in AMI and determine whether S100A4 could be a biomarker for detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured circulating S100A4 levels in 173 patients (median age 58.3 years) who presented with first-time AMI 8 hours after the incident. The circulating S100A4 levels in 173 healthy volunteers (median age 57.3 years) was also measured. S100A4 was detected using enzyme immunoassay in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum S100A4 levels were significantly higher in patients with AMI [89.6 (4.3-214.6) pg/ml] compared to controls [11.8 (0-41.5) pg/ml] (p < 0.001). We found that a S100A4 level > 41.5 pg/ml had a Sensitivity 76.3% and specificity 87.5% for predicting AMI. S100A4 revealed the higher sensitivity for diagnosing AMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated S100A4 in plasma may be a novel biomarker for early detection of AMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. qyfynm@126.com.
authors.forename: X-J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: X-Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; C077591:S100A4 protein, human