title: Efficacy of Laser Activated Irrigation on Apically Extruded Debris with Different Preparation Systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate apical extrusion of debris in canals prepared with three nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary file systems [Twisted File Adaptive (TFA), SybronEndo, Orange, CA], Reciproc [(RP), VDW, Munich, Germany], and Revo-S [(RS), MicroMega, Besançon, France] and two irrigation [conventional needle (CNI) and laser-activated (LAI)] techniques.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although previous studies have evaluated the amount of apically extruded debris by various instrumentation and irrigation methods, none of them have investigated the effect of LAI during the root canal preparation on debris extrusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars with straight canals were randomly assigned to six groups (n=15) according to the file and irrigation protocols used: (1) TFA and LAI group, (2) RP and LAI group, (3) RS and LAI group, (4) TFA and CNI group, (5) RP and CNI group, and (6) RS and CNI group. Debris extruded from the apical foramen during root canal preparation was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by subtracting the preinstrumentation and postinstrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes for each group. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction to compare groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LAI groups extruded more debris than CNI groups (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed among the file groups when each irrigation method was evaluated separately (p>0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the agitation method, such as LAI, had a significant effect on the amount of extrusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University , Antalya, Turkey .
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuştarcı
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University , Antalya, Turkey .
authors.forename: Kürşat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Er
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants