title: Investigating Factors Associated with Depression of Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy Patients in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the depression status of type 2 diabetic retinopathy patients in Nantong China and to identify factors associated with depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and ninety-four patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. The severity of DR was measured in the worse eye. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); the quality of life was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36). The logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent factors of depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the study subjects was 57.77 years (SD: 9.64). Approximately 35.7% of subjects reported depressive symptoms (n = 105).Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that female gender (p = 0.014), low monthly income (p = 0.01), poor vision in the better eye (P = 0.002), laser treatment history (p = 0.01) were significant risk factors for depression. The quality of life of individuals with CES-D score<16 was significantly better compared with individuals with CES-D score≥16.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reported depressive symptoms among type 2 diabetic retinopathy population is higher in Nantong China. Gender, salary, vision acuity and treatment history were important risk factors linked to this disorder in the Chinese type 2 diabetic retinopathy population from Nantong. More attention by medical care personnel needs to be paid to the psychological health of this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Xujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong,China.
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014792:Visual Acuity