title: Fracture resistance of lithium disilicate restorations after endodontic access preparation: An in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endodontic access preparation through a lithium disilicate restoration is a frequently encountered clinical situation. The common practice of repairing the accessed crown with composite resin may result in a weakened restoration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of endodontic access preparation on the fracture resistance and microstructural integrity of monolithic pressed and monolithic milled lithium disilicate complete coverage restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty monolithic pressed (IPS e.max Press) and 20 monolithic milled (IPS e.max CAD) lithium disilicate restorations were fabricated. Ten of the pressed and 10 of the milled crowns were accessed for a simulated endodontic treatment and subsequently repaired by using a porcelain repair system and composite resin. All specimens were submitted to cyclic loading and then loaded to failure. Force data were recorded and analyzed with 2-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc test (Sidak correction) to indicate significant differences among the groups (α=.05). A Weibull analysis was also performed for each group. Eight (4 pressed and 4 milled) additional restorations were fabricated to complete a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and evaluate the surface damage created by the endodontic access preparation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant difference (P=.019) was found between the pressed intact and pressed repaired restorations and between the pressed intact and milled repaired restorations (P=.002). Specimens that were examined with an SEM showed edge chipping involving primarily the glaze layer around the access openings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endodontic access preparation of lithium disilicate restorations resulted in a significantly reduced load to failure in the pressed specimens, but not in the milled specimens.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics, Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisc. Electronic address: bompolaki@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Despoina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bompolaki
authors.affiliation: Clinical Associate Professor and Director, Undergraduate Implant Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kontogiorgos
authors.affiliation: Student, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Professor and Director, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003442:Crowns; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017269:Dental Prosthesis Repair; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D018915:Root Canal Preparation
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D019279:Resin Cements; C493120:lithia disilicate; D003776:Dental Porcelain