title: Neuronal adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells on hybrid scaffolds made of xanthan and magnetite nanoparticles.
abstract: Hybrid scaffolds made of xanthan and magnetite nanoparticles (XCA/mag) were prepared by dipping xanthan membranes (XCA) into dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles for different periods of time. The resulting hybrid scaffolds presented magnetization values ranging from 0.25 emu g(-1) to 1.80 emu g(-1) at 70 kOe and corresponding iron contents ranging from 0.25% to 2.3%, respectively. They were applied as matrices for in vitro embryoid body adhesion and neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells; for comparison, neat XCA and commercial plastic plates were also used. Adhesion rates were more pronounced when cells were seeded on XCA/mag than on neat XCA or plastic dishes; however, proliferation levels were independent from those of the scaffold type. Embryonic stem cells showed similar differentiation rates on XCA/mag scaffolds with magnetization of 0.25 and 0.60 emu g(-1), but did not survive on scaffolds with 1.80 emu g(-1). Differentiation rates, expressed as the number of neurons obtained on the chosen scaffolds, were the largest on neat XCA, which has a high density of negative charge, and were smallest on the commercial plastic dishes. The local magnetic field inherent of magnetite particles present on the surface of XCA/mag facilitates synapse formation, because synaptophysin expression and electrical transmission were increased when compared to the other scaffolds used. We conclude that XCA/mag and XCA hydrogels are scaffolds with distinguishable performance for adhesion and differentiation of ESCs into neurons.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Vânia B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cornejo
authors.forename: Denise F S
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Petri
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulrich
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008422:Materials Testing; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D010316:Particle Size; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C002563:xanthan gum