title: Transcriptional dynamics of immune, growth and stress related genes in skeletal muscle of the fine flounder (Paralichthys adpersus) during different nutritional statuses.
abstract: The effects of stress on immune activity and growth in early vertebrates have not been studied in detail. The present study used fine flounder (Paralichthys adspersus) skeletal muscle as a model to evaluate molecules involved in the stress response, including the glucocorticoid receptors, foxo1/3, and the target genes of these. Additionally, immune markers (il-1β and tnfα) and effector molecules of atrophy (bnip3, caspase-3, and lc3) were assessed. These molecules were analyzed during periods of long-term fasting and refeeding. During fasting, gene expression related to the stress response and atrophy increased; whereas immune markers were down-regulated. During refeeding, atrophy- and stress-related gene expression significantly decreased. In contrast, immune markers were up-regulated. These results provide novel insight on the control of growth in the skeletal muscle of a non-mammalian species under a stressful condition, suggesting that growth, stress, and immune activity in muscle are closely related and coordinated by orchestrated transcriptional dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. Republica 217, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina de Quintay (CIMARQ), Valparaiso, Chile.
authors.forename: Cristián A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. Republica 217, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. Republica 217, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. Republica 217, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina de Quintay (CIMARQ), Valparaiso, Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zuloaga
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Marina de Quintay (CIMARQ), Valparaiso, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad No 330, Placilla Sector Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mercado
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. Republica 217, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina de Quintay (CIMARQ), Valparaiso, Chile. Electronic address: jvaldes@unab.cl.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Valdés
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. Republica 217, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina de Quintay (CIMARQ), Valparaiso, Chile. Electronic address: amolina@unab.cl.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy / Q000235:genetics; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Fish; Growth; Immunity; Nutritional status; Skeletal muscle; Stress