title: Response difference of transgenic and conventional rice (Oryza sativa) to nanoparticles (γFe₂O₃).
abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are an increasingly common contaminant in agro-environments, and their potential effect on genetically modified (GM) crops has been largely unexplored. GM crop exposure to NPs is likely to increase as both technologies develop. To better understand the implications of nanoparticles on GM plants in agriculture, we performed a glasshouse study to quantify the uptake of Fe2O3 NPs on transgenic and non-transgenic rice plants. We measured nutrient concentrations, biomass, enzyme activity, and the concentration of two phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Root phytohormone inhibition was positively correlated with Fe2O3 NP concentrations, indicating that Fe2O3 had a significant influence on the production of these hormones. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher as a factor of low Fe2O3 NP treatment concentration and significantly lower at high NP concentrations, but only among transgenic plants. There was also a positive correlation between the treatment concentration of Fe2O3 and iron accumulation, and the magnitude of this effect was greatest among non-transgenic plants. The differences in root phytohormone production and antioxidant enzyme activity between transgenic and non-transgenic rice plants in vivo suggests that GM crops may react to NP exposure differently than conventional crops. It is the first study of NPs that may have an impact on GM crops, and a realistic significance for food security and food safety.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Yingqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China. ruiyukui@163.com.|Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA. ruiyukui@163.com.
authors.forename: Yukui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Binbin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenhe
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shili
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.|Research Institute for Aquaculture No1, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Le Van
authors.initials: le V
authors.lastname: Nhan
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shutong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yaning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Baoshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000187:drug effects; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D059022:Food Safety; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C000499:ferric oxide; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D000040:Abscisic Acid
keywords: Antioxidant system; Nanoparticles; Phytohormones; Transgenic rice