title: Face processing among twins with and without autism: social correlates and twin concordance.
abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a strong heritable basis, as evidenced by twin concordance rates. Within ASD, symptom domains may arise via independent genetic contributions, with varying heritabilities and genetic mechanisms. In this article, we explore social functioning in the form of (i) electrophysiological and behavioral measures of face processing (P1 and N170) and (ii) social behavior among child and adolescent twins with (N = 52) and without ASD (N = 66). Twins without ASD had better holistic face processing and face memory, faster P1 responses and greater sensitivity to the effects of facial inversion on P1. In contrast, N170 responses to faces were similar across diagnosis, with more negative amplitudes for faces vs non-face images. Across the sample, stronger social skills and fewer social difficulties were associated with faster P1 and N170 responses to upright faces, and better face memory. Twins were highly correlated within pairs across most measures, but correlations were significantly stronger for monozygotic vs dizygotic pairs on N170 latency and social problems. We suggest common developmental influences across twins for face processing and social behavior, but highlight (i) neural speed of face processing and (ii) social difficulties as important avenues in the search for genetic underpinnings in ASD.
authors.affiliation: Center on Human Development & Disability, University of Washington, Center on Child Health, Behavior, & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.affiliation: Center on Human Development & Disability, University of Washington, Center on Child Health, Behavior, & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kresse
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, and Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faja
authors.affiliation: Center on Human Development & Disability, University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Raphael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.affiliation: Center on Human Development & Disability, University of Washington, Center on Child Health, Behavior, & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, sjwebb@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Sara Jane
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000066499:Facial Recognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D066107:Social Skills; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: N170; P1; autism; face processing; heritability