title: Modes of transmission of Simian T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in semi-captive mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx).
abstract: Non-human primates (NHPs) often live in inaccessible areas, have cryptic behaviors, and are difficult to follow in the wild. Here, we present a study on the spread of the simian T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (STLV-1), the simian counterpart of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in a semi-captive mandrill colony. This study combines 28 years of longitudinal monitoring, including behavioral data, with a dynamic mathematical model and Bayesian inference. Three transmission modes were suspected: aggressive, sexual and familial. Our results show that among males, STLV-1 transmission occurs preferentially via aggression. Because of their impressive aggressive behavior male mandrills can easily transmit the virus during fights. On the contrary, sexual activity seems to have little effect. Thus transmission appears to occur primarily via male-male and female-female contact. In addition, for young mandrills, familial transmission appears to play an important role in virus spread.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558-CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LabEx ECOFECT Ecoevolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, F-69365 Lyon, France. Electronic address: marion.roussel1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558-CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LabEx ECOFECT Ecoevolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, F-69365 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pontier
authors.affiliation: Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), B.P. 769 Franceville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Barthélémy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ngoubangoye
authors.affiliation: Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP 6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Mirdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazanji
authors.affiliation: Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), B.P. 769 Franceville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verrier
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558-CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LabEx ECOFECT Ecoevolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, F-69365 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fouchet
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D006800:Deltaretrovirus Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008297:Male; D048528:Mandrillus; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015303:Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Bayesian inference; Epidemic stochastic modeling; Host-parasite interactions; Non-human primates natural population; Transmission modes