title: Detection of Schistosoma spindale ova and associated risk factors among Malaysian cattle through coprological survey.
abstract: The present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of Schistosoma spindale ova and its associated risk factors in Malaysian cattle through a coprological survey. A total of 266 rectal fecal samples were collected from six farms in Peninsular Malaysia. The overall infection rate of S. spindale was 6% (16 of 266). Schistosoma spindale infection was observed in two farms, with a prevalence of 5.4% and 51.9%, respectively. This trematode was more likely to co-occur with other gastro-intestinal parasites (i.e., Dicrocoelium spp., Paramphistomum spp., strongyle, Eimeria spp. and Entamoeba spp.). Chi-square analysis revealed that female cattle are less likely to get S. spindale infection as compared to male cattle (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.08-1.06; p < 0.05), and cattle weighing lower than 200 kg, were significantly at higher risk than those higher than 200 kg (OR = 5; 95% CI = 1.07-24.79; p < 0.05) to the infection. Multivariate analysis confirmed that among the cattle in Malaysia, the age (cattle with two year old and higher: OR = 21; 95% CI = 2.48-179.44; p < 0.05) and weight (weighing 200 kg and lower: OR = 17; 95% CI = 3.38-87.19; p < 0.05) were risk factors for S. spindale infection among Malaysian cattle.
authors.forename: Tiong Kai
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Van Lun
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: Soo Ching
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chandrawathani
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panchadcharam
authors.forename: Sun Tee
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: Romano
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ngui
authors.forename: Premaalatha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bathmanaban
authors.forename: Kai Ling
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kho
authors.forename: Fui Xian
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Reuben Sunil Kumar
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.forename: Quaza Nizamuddin Hassan
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Nizam
authors.forename: Yvonne Ai Lian
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010063:Ovum / Q000145:classification*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D012307:Risk Factors; D012547:Schistosoma / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*