title: Dissolved carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in purge of vacuum-packaged pork chops and the relationship to shelf life and models for estimating microbial populations.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the dissolved CO2 and O2 concentrations in the purge of vacuum-packaged pork chops over a 60 day storage period, and to elucidate the relationship of dissolved CO2 and O2 to the microbial populations and shelf life. As the populations of spoilage bacteria increased, the dissolved CO2 increased and the dissolved O2 decreased in the purge. Lactic acid bacteria dominated the spoilage microflora, followed by Enterobacteriaceae and Brochothrix thermosphacta. The surface pH decreased to 5.4 due to carbonic acid and lactic acid production before rising to 5.7 due to ammonia production. A mathematical model was developed which estimated microbial populations based on dissolved CO2 concentrations. Scanning electron microscope images were also taken of the packaging film to observe the biofilm development. The SEM images revealed a two-layer biofilm on the packaging film that was the result of the tri-phase growth environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Niebuhr
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States. Electronic address: jdickson@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D018441:Biofilms; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010100:Oxygen; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000641:Ammonia; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Dissolved carbon dioxide; Dissolved oxygen; Pork; Shelf life; Spoilage