title: Gastric cancer in women: A regional health-center seven year retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether regional geography influences ethnic and gender trends for the development of gastric cancer (GC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective analysis of the INVISION patient database at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport (LSUHSC-S), a southern United States regional hospital, was performed from 2005-2011. Using the international statistical classification of diseases 9 (ICD-9), inpatient, day surgery outpatient, and emergency outpatient diagnosis codes entered into medical records were used to identify GC patients. For each study year, the patients were evaluated for age, ethnicity, and gender, and each patient was counted only once throughout the study. Subsequent patient encounters were counted as visits and separated by inpatient and clinic visits. Complex or severe disease may require more frequent and intensive clinical management; therefore, we evaluated annual clinic visits as "surrogate markers" of disease severity. Finally, we studied the primary diagnosis for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection (ICD-9 code 41.86) as an additional factor that might increase the risk of GC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 285 patients were diagnosed with GC at LSUHSC-S between 2005 and 2011. African Americans (181 patients, 89 males and 92 females, 63.5% of total patients) had significantly higher frequencies of GC diagnosis compared with non-Hispanic whites (104 patients, 54 males and 50 females, 36.5% of total patients), at a ratio of 1.74 (P = 0.002). Within each ethnic group, men and women were diagnosed at approximately equal annual rates. Our findings differed significantly from United States national trends, which found that African American females and white females had lower risks for GC than their corresponding male counterparts. The United States national trend between 2005 and 2011 showed that African Americans males had a higher incidence of GC, with an annual mean (per 100000) of 16.31 ± 0.76 compared with white males (9 ± 0.1, P < 0.001), African American females (8.7 ± 0.34, P < 0.001) and white females (4.05 ± 0.07, P < 0.001). Among the GC patients, the number of clinic visits was highest among African American males (195.1 ± 28.1), who had significantly more clinic visits than African Americans females (123 ± 13.02, P < 0.05), white males (41.57 ± 4.74, P < 0.001) and white females (35 ± 8.9, P < 0.001). Similar trends were found for inpatient visits, with an annual mean of 11.43 ± 1.5 for African American males, followed by African American females (7.29 ± 1.36), white males (2.57 ± 0.69) and white females (1.57 ± 0.612). African American males had significantly more inpatient visits than white males (P < 0.001), and African American females had more inpatient visits than white females (P < 0.01). African American patients showed the highest frequency of H. pylori positive status, with approximately 72% vs 28% for the white patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increase in GC diagnoses among women at LSUHSC-S is significantly higher than United States national averages, suggesting local geographic and socioeconomic influences may alter GC disease course.
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Kunal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suryawala
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Demiana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutyala
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Shaheen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nageeb
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Moheb
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boktor
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aravantagi
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manas
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Urska
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cvek
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trutschl
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Kunal Suryawala, Moheb Boktor, Abhishek Seth, Avinash Aravantagi, Ankur Sheth, James Morris, Paul Jordan, Kenneth Manas, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009819:Office Visits; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People
keywords: Ethnicity; Gender; Health disparities; Helicobacter pylori; Risk factors