title: Hepatitis B and C virus infection and risk of lymphoid malignancies: A population-based cohort study (JPHC Study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have assessed the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, few studies are cohort by design, conducted within the Asian context and even fewer studies consider other lymphoid malignancies. The aim of this study was to assess the association between HBV and HCV and the risk of lymphoid malignancies among Japanese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Japan Public Health Center prospective-based Study Cohort II was initiated in 1993/1994. 20,360 subjects with available data on HBV and HCV infection status from blood samples were followed up until the end of 2010 for an average of 16 years. During 324,139 person-years, 120 newly diagnosed cases of lymphoid malignancies were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 20,360 subjects, 508 were HBsAg positive, 11,035 were anti-HBc positive, and 1,129 subjects were anti-HCV positive at baseline. The presence of HBsAg was positively associated with malignant lymphoma, especially with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HR=3.56, 95%CI=1.37-9.18) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HR=7.22, 95%CI=2.34-22.29). In contrast, no clear association was observed between the presence of anti-HBc and anti-HCV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, HBsAg but not anti-HBc or anti-HCV was positively associated with malignant lymphoma, particularly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Japanese adults.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sarah Krull
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: mnminoue@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Norie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimazu
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaji
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasazuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizokami
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: stsugane@ncc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsugane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
keywords: Cohort study; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; Japan; Malignant lymphoma; Plasma cell myeloma