title: Unusual Causes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.
abstract: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is an important clinical condition managed routinely by endoscopists. Diagnostic and therapeutic options vary immensely based on the source of bleeding and it is important for the gastroenterologist to be cognizant of both common and uncommon etiologies. The focus of this article is to highlight and discuss unusual sources of upper GI bleeding, with a particular emphasis on both the clinical and endoscopic features to help diagnose and treat these atypical causes of bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Health Institute, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA.
authors.forename: Keyur
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.affiliation: Digestive Health Institute, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA.
authors.forename: Meer Akbar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Digestive Health Institute, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA. Electronic address: Richard.wong@uhhospitals.org.
authors.forename: Richard C K
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D005756:Gastritis / Q000150:complications*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011127:Polyps / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Ampullary carcinoma; Aortoenteric fistula; Cameron lesions; Dieulafoy lesions; Duodenal varices; Gastric antral vascular ectasia; Hemobilia; Hemosuccus pancreaticus