title: Malaysian Medical Students' self-reported Empathy: A cross-sectional Comparative Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare empathy levels between first year and second year medical students at a Malaysian University.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Malaysian University offering undergraduate medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  204 undergraduate medical students were included in the data analysis (122 first years, and 102 second years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported empathy scores using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (Student Version) JSPE-S.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean empathy score for first year students was 112.1(SD=10.7). This was significantly higher (p<0.038; d=0.31) than second year students (mean=108.8, SD=10.4). No significant difference relating to gender was identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional results from this study found that that there were differences in self-reported empathy scores between year one and year two students. Further research is required to ascertain if these differences are maintained as students' progress thought their medical degree, and whether other factors such as internships, medical rotations or clinical supervision have any impact of medical students' empathy levels.
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Australia. brett.williams@monash.edu.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadasivan
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadirvelu