title: Expression of immunohistochemical markers according to histological type in patients with early gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the biological characteristics of early gastric cancer (EGC) using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining among histological types.
  
  
  METHODS
  IHC staining results were analyzed in 86 EGCs resected with endoscopic submucosal dissection to identify mucin phenotype and biological characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histological type was classified as tubular adenocarcinoma (TAC), mixed adenocarcinoma (MAC), or poorly cohesive carcinoma (PCC). Significant differences in MUC-2 (34.4% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.05) and MUC-5AC (59.4% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.05) expression were observed between TAC and PCC. The poorly cohesive component of MAC showed stronger immunoreactivity to CD10 (46.2% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.05) but weaker reactivity to MUC-5AC (57.7% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.05), compared to that of PCC. E-cadherin and β-catenin expression levels significantly decreased in the poorly cohesive component of MAC (15.4% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05; 7.7% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05, respectively) and PCC (10.7% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05; 14.3% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05, respectively), compared to TAC. However, vascular endothelial growth factor expression significantly increased in the poorly cohesive component of MAC (42.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05) and PCC (39.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05), compared to TAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IHC analysis showed that EGC histological types differ in terms of mucin phenotype and biological characteristics. The poorly cohesive components showed decreased E-cadherin and β-catenin expression levels and increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression. These characteristics may contribute to the poor prognosis of patients with MAC and PCC.
authors.affiliation: a 1 Digestive Disease Center and Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine , Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Pil
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: a 1 Digestive Disease Center and Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine , Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: b 2 Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine , Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a 1 Digestive Disease Center and Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine , Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Su
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a 1 Digestive Disease Center and Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine , Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Nah
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a 1 Digestive Disease Center and Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine , Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hee
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a 1 Digestive Disease Center and Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine , Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055271:Mucin 5AC / Q000378:metabolism; D055262:Mucin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C513384:CDH1 protein, human; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; C524625:MUC2 protein, human; C524678:MUC5AC protein, human; D055271:Mucin 5AC; D055262:Mucin-2; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051176:beta Catenin
keywords: early gastric cancer; endoscopic submucosal dissection; histological type; immunohistochemistry