title: Hepatitis C treatment in the elderly: New possibilities and controversies towards interferon-free regimens.
abstract: Due to the progressive aging of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) population which have acquired the infection during its maximum spread after the Second World War, the management of the elderly HCV-infected patient is emerging as a hot topic. Unfortunately, although it is recognized that the progression of HCV-related liver disease gets faster with aging, and that even extra-hepatic manifestations of HCV infection are probably worse in the elderly, till now, treatment attempts in this population have been significantly limited by the well-known contraindications and side effects of interferon (IFN). The arrival of several new anti-HCV drugs, and the possibility to combine them in safe and effective anti-viral regimens, is relighting the hope of a cure for many elderly patients who had been cut out of IFN-based treatments. However, although these new regimens will be certainly more manageable, it should be underscored that IFN-free doesn't mean free from any contraindication or side-effect. Moreover, one issue which promises to become central is that of the possible interactions between antiviral therapy and the multiple drugs frequently assumed by elderly patients because of comorbidities. In this review, we will revise the epidemiology pointing to HCV as an infection of the elderly, the evidences that HCV harms the health of the aged patient more than that of the young one, and the available experiences of HCV treatment in the elderly with the "old" IFN-based regimens and with the newer drugs. We will conclude that the availability of IFN-free regimens should prompt us to change our mind and consider a significantly larger number of possible candidates among elderly patients, who would take significant advantage from viral eradication. Rather than the anagraphic age, drug-drug interactions and, mainly in case of economic restrictions, an evaluation of life expectancy dependent on liver disease with respect to that dependent on comorbidities, are likely to be the key issues guiding treatment indication in the next future. The sooner we will change our mind with respect to an a priori obstacle for anti-HCV treatment in the elderly, the sooner we will begin to spare many aged HCV patients from avoidable liver-related complications.
authors.affiliation: Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci, Giovanni Galati, Paolo Gallo, Antonio De Vincentis, Antonio Picardi, Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vespasiani-Gentilucci
authors.affiliation: Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci, Giovanni Galati, Paolo Gallo, Antonio De Vincentis, Antonio Picardi, Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galati
authors.affiliation: Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci, Giovanni Galati, Paolo Gallo, Antonio De Vincentis, Antonio Picardi, Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci, Giovanni Galati, Paolo Gallo, Antonio De Vincentis, Antonio Picardi, Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Vincentis
authors.affiliation: Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci, Giovanni Galati, Paolo Gallo, Antonio De Vincentis, Antonio Picardi, Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.affiliation: Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci, Giovanni Galati, Paolo Gallo, Antonio De Vincentis, Antonio Picardi, Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picardi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007372:Interferons
keywords: Boceprevir; Daclatasvir; Drug-drug interactions; Elderly; Hepatitis C virus; Interferon; Ribavirin; Side effects; Simeprevir; Sofosbuvir; Telaprevir