title: Assessing resilience in adolescence: the Spanish adaptation of the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The concept and assessment of resilience have attracted considerable attention in recent years, but none of the instruments developed to measure resilience in adolescents have been adapted to the Spanish context. The Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) provides a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment of the resources associated with resilience in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the ARQ. Participants included a community sample of 1101 Spanish adolescents (53.5 % boys) aged 12-17 years (M = 14.51; SD = 1.755).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results confirm the factor structure based on 12 scales. Internal consistency was generally adequate (between .60 and .84), although the unacceptable coefficient for the Empathy/Tolerance scale (α = .38) means that this scale needs to be revised for the Spanish context. Relationships between ARQ scales and psychopathology were in the expected direction and magnitude. Some gender differences were observed, with higher scores for boys on Confidence and Negative cognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of the ARQ can help to identify personal characteristics associated with resilience and signs of positive engagement with family, peers, school, and the community. It can identify those adolescents most likely to show resilience in response to adversity, as well as those who may be vulnerable under situations of stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioural Sciences Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. gguilera@ub.edu.|Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimization (GReVIA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. gguilera@ub.edu.|Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. gguilera@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guilera
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimization (GReVIA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. npereda@ub.edu.|Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. npereda@ub.edu.|Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. npereda@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pereda
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimization (GReVIA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ana.panosfu@gmail.com.|Specialisterne, S.L., Esadecreapolis, Avinguda de la Torre Blanca 57, 08172, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain. ana.panosfu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paños
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimization (GReVIA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. jabad@ub.edu.|Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. jabad@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abad
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012649:Self Concept; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires