title: P2Y12 receptors: structure and function.
abstract: The platelet P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) for adenosine 5'diphosphate (ADP) plays a central role in platelet function, hemostasis, and thrombosis. Patients with inherited P2Y12R defects display mild-to-moderate bleeding diatheses. Defects of P2Y12R should be suspected when ADP, even at high concentrations (≥ 10 μm), is unable to induce full, irreversible platelet aggregation. P2Y12R also plays a role in inflammation: its role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma has been well characterized. In addition, inhibition or genetic deficiency of P2Y12R has antitumor effects. Drugs inhibiting P2Y12R are potent antithrombotic drugs. Clopidogrel is the P2Y12R antagonist that is most widely used in the clinical setting. Its most important drawback is its inability to inhibit adequately P2Y12R-dependent platelet function in about one-third of patients. New drugs, such as prasugrel and ticagrelor, which effectively inhibit P2Y12R in the vast majority of patients, have proved to be more efficacious than clopdidogrel in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unità di Medicina 3, Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011487:Protein Conformation; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate
keywords: GTP‐binding proteins; P2Y12 purinoceptor; P2Y12 purinoceptor antagonists; bleeding disorder due to P2RY12 defect; inflammation