title: Reinforcement Schedule Effects on Long-Term Behavior Change.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to determine whether different schedules of contingency management (CM), in conjunction with psychosocial treatment, produced different rates of abstinence and treatment attendance among individuals dependent on methamphetamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals were randomized into 1 of 3 conditions that sought to equate total potential reinforcer magnitude while varying the frequency with which reinforcement was delivered, and comparing these results to those obtained when psychosocial support alone was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate that all 3 CM schedules occasioned more abstinent attendance than the group only receiving psychosocial treatment. However, the 3 CM conditions did not differ in any appreciable way.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that treatment providers may be able to decrease the frequency of reinforcer delivery in CM paradigms while retaining efficacy to treat psychostimulant use disorders.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Behavioral Pharmacology Unit, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chudzynski
authors.affiliation: UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Behavioral Pharmacology Unit, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Program of Excellence in Addiction Research, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA. College of Nursing, 427C, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roll
authors.affiliation: Program of Excellence in Addiction Research, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Sterling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.affiliation: Program of Excellence in Addiction Research, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: Program of Excellence in Addiction Research, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Donelle N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Howell
keywords: clinical trial; contingency management; methamphetamine use disorders; psychostimulants; substance use disorder treatment