title: Urethral complications after tension-free vaginal tape procedures: A surgical management case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the clinical features, diagnostic modalities, and the surgical management of urethral complications after tension-free vaginal tape procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study encompasses a retrospective review of nine patients presented with urethral complications after midurethral sling procedures. The patients underwent the procedures during a period from 1999 to 2012 in three different regional hospitals in the southwest part of Sweden. The time from sling placement to diagnosis, the risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, surgical management, and functional outcome are presented. The presenting symptoms were described as either early onset (< 12 mo) or late onset (> 12 mo) according to when they were first reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight cases of urethral erosion and one case of bladder-neck erosion were detected. The mean interval for diagnoses of the erosions ranged from 3 mo to 11 years. The most common presenting symptoms included de novo urgency with or without incontinence (7/9 patients), urinary retention/voiding dysfunction (4/9 patients), urethritis (4/9 patients), relapse of stress-incontinence (3/9 patients), recurrent urinary tract infections (5/9 patients), and hematuria (1/9 patient). In most cases, voiding dysfunction and urethritis occurred early after the operation. The surgical management applied in most cases was transurethral resection of the intraurethral part of the mesh. The removal of the intraurethral mesh resulted in improvement or complete cure of urgency symptoms in 5/7 patients with urgency. Four patients were reoperated with a new stress-incontinence surgery, one with laparoscopic Burch, and three with retropubic tension-free vaginal tape procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urethral complications should be suspected in the case of de novo urgency and relapse of stress-incontinence. Transurethral excision of the intraurethral mesh is the recommended treatment.
authors.affiliation: Fotios Sergouniotis, Per-Göran Larsson, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skaraborg Hospital, SE-541 85 Skövde, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fotios
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sergouniotis
authors.affiliation: Fotios Sergouniotis, Per-Göran Larsson, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skaraborg Hospital, SE-541 85 Skövde, Sweden.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jarlshammar
authors.affiliation: Fotios Sergouniotis, Per-Göran Larsson, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skaraborg Hospital, SE-541 85 Skövde, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per-Göran
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Larsson
keywords: Bladder neck erosion; Complications; Intraurethral mesh; Stress incontinence; Tension-free vaginal tape; Urethral erosion