title: Associations between heart rate variability, metabolic syndrome risk factors, and insulin resistance.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in heart rate variability (HRV) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to determine associations between HRV parameters, MetS risk factors, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)). Participants (n = 220; aged 23-70 years) were assessed for MetS risk factors (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and 5-min supine HRV (time and frequency domain and nonlinear). HRV was compared between those with 3 or more (MetS+) and those with 2 or fewer MetS risk factors (MetS-). Multiple linear regression models were built for each HRV parameter to investigate associations with MetS risk factors and HOMA-IR. Data with normal distribution are presented as means ± SD and those without as median [interquartile range]. In women, standard deviation of R-R intervals 38.0 [27.0] ms, 44.5 [29.3] ms; p = 0.020), low-frequency power (5.73 ± 1.06 ln ms(2), 6.13 ± 1.05 ln ms(2); p = 0.022), and the standard deviation of the length of the Poincaré plot (46.8 [31.6] ms, 58.4 [29.9] ms; p = 0.014) were lower and heart rate was higher (68 [13] beats/min, 64 [12] beats/min; p = 0. 018) in MetS+ compared with MetS-, with no differences in men. Waist circumference was most commonly associated with HRV, especially frequency domain parameters. HOMA-IR was associated with heart rate. In conclusion, MetS+ women had a less favourable HRV profile than MetS- women, but there were no differences in men. HOMA-IR was associated with heart rate, not HRV.
authors.affiliation: a Lawson Health Research Institute, Aging Rehabilitation and Geriatric Care Research Centre, 801 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6C 5J1, Canada.|b School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Melanie I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Stuckey
authors.affiliation: c Verve Research, Department of Exercise and Medical Physiology, Kasarmintie 13, PO Box 404, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiviniemi
authors.affiliation: a Lawson Health Research Institute, Aging Rehabilitation and Geriatric Care Research Centre, 801 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6C 5J1, Canada.|d Faculty of Health Sciences, Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.|e School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: g School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
authors.forename: J Kevin
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
authors.affiliation: a Lawson Health Research Institute, Aging Rehabilitation and Geriatric Care Research Centre, 801 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6C 5J1, Canada.|b School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.|f Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Petrella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: autonomic nervous system; cardiometabolic risk; diabetes prevention; heart rate variability; insulin resistance; insulinorésistance; metabolic syndrome; prévention du diabète; risque cardiométabolique; syndrome métabolique; système nerveux autonome; variabilité du rythme cardiaque