title: Temporal Coordination of Carbohydrate Metabolism during Mosquito Reproduction.
abstract: Hematophagous mosquitoes serve as vectors of multiple devastating human diseases, and many unique physiological features contribute to the incredible evolutionary success of these insects. These functions place high-energy demands on a reproducing female mosquito, and carbohydrate metabolism (CM) must be synchronized with these needs. Functional analysis of metabolic gene profiling showed that major CM pathways, including glycolysis, glycogen and sugar metabolism, and citrate cycle, are dramatically repressed at post eclosion (PE) stage in mosquito fat body followed by a sharply increase at post-blood meal (PBM) stage, which were also verified by Real-time RT-PCR. Consistent to the change of transcript and protein level of CM genes, the level of glycogen, glucose and trehalose and other secondary metabolites are also periodically accumulated and degraded during the reproductive cycle respectively. Levels of triacylglycerols (TAG), which represent another important energy storage form in the mosquito fat body, followed a similar tendency. On the other hand, ATP, which is generated by catabolism of these secondary metabolites, showed an opposite trend. Additionally, we used RNA interference studies for the juvenile hormone and ecdysone receptors, Met and EcR, coupled with transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to show that these hormone receptors function as major regulatory switches coordinating CM with the differing energy requirements of the female mosquito throughout its reproductive cycle. Our study demonstrates how, by metabolic reprogramming, a multicellular organism adapts to drastic and rapid functional changes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tusar T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sourav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Raikhel
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000330:Aedes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D005216:Fat Body / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000235:genetics*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014199:Trehalose / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D014280:Triglycerides; C467903:ecdysone receptor A, insect; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006003:Glycogen; D014199:Trehalose; D005947:Glucose