title: Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 single nucleotide polymorphisms with the risk of small vessel disease (SVD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maladjustment of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) results in cerebral vasculature and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, which is associated with small vessel disease (SVD). This study was to aim at evaluating correlations between matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of SVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 178 patients with SVD were enrolled into this study via Nanjing Stroke Registry Program (NSRP) from January 2010 to November 2011. SVD patients were further subtyped as isolated lacunar infarction (ILI, absent or with mild leukoaraiosis) and ischemic leukoaraiosis (ILA, with moderate or severe leukoaraiosis) according to the Fazekas scale. 100 age- and gender-matched individuals from outpatient medical examination were recruited as the control group. The genotypes of MMP-2-1306 T/C and MMP-9-1562 C/T were determined by the TaqMan method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 178 SVD patients, 86 and 92 patients were classified as ILI and ILA, respectively. Comparison analysis between SVD patients and controls revealed a significant correlation between SVD and hypertension, as well as a prevalence of hypertension in ILA. Further genotype analysis showed that the frequency of MMP-2-1306 CC genotype was higher in ILA patients than in controls (P=0.009, χ(2) test; P=0.027, the multiple test with Bonferroni correction). Finally, logistic regression analysis with adjustment of age, sex and vascular risk factors showed that the MMP-2-1306 T/C polymorphism was an independent predictor for ILA (OR: 2.605; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.067-6.364; P=0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the MMP-2-1306 T/C polymorphism is a direct risk factor for ILA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Wusheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Wenwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Shajing Hospital, The Affiliated of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Qizhang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yancheng City First People's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Maogang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xinfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address: xianju_zhou@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Xianju
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address: gelinxu@gmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: Gelin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D059409:Stroke, Lacunar / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Ischemic leukoaraiosis; Lacunar infarction; Matrix metalloproteinase; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Small vessel disease; Stroke