title: The use of locally based aggregate measures in urban health policy making in European urban areas.
abstract: National and international policy makers require data at the local level to inform evidence-based policy making and evaluate the impact of policies; however, much data are only published at national level. Data collected at local level could be used to create aggregate measures to help inform health policy. Interviews were conducted with representatives of governmental public health agencies in eight European countries to assess the availability of local data and the extent to which local data was used to help decision making in nine urban areas (UAs). Respondents commented on the barriers to the use of aggregate measures at the local level for health policy decision making. In many of the cities data were available at UA level and in some cases at sub-urban level, however, aggregate measures using local data were rarely used to help inform decision making. The main reasons for this were; poor data quality, a lack of experience in the use of aggregate measures and communication barriers between policy makers and data analysts. A 'top down' approach to decision making also limited the use of local data in the decision making process. Health data are available at urban level within European cities but aggregate measures using these data are rarely used to inform health policy decision making at the local level. Improved communication between local public health data analysts could help increase the use of these data.
authors.forename: Isla
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gemmell
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Arpana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D011050:Policy Making; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data