title: Facing the Future: Effects of Short-Term Climate Extremes on Isoprene-Emitting and Nonemitting Poplar.
abstract: Isoprene emissions from poplar (Populus spp.) plantations can influence atmospheric chemistry and regional climate. These emissions respond strongly to temperature, [CO2], and drought, but the superimposed effect of these three climate change factors are, for the most part, unknown. Performing predicted climate change scenario simulations (periodic and chronic heat and drought spells [HDSs] applied under elevated [CO2]), we analyzed volatile organic compound emissions, photosynthetic performance, leaf growth, and overall carbon (C) gain of poplar genotypes emitting (IE) and nonemitting (NE) isoprene. We aimed (1) to evaluate the proposed beneficial effect of isoprene emission on plant stress mitigation and recovery capacity and (2) to estimate the cumulative net C gain under the projected future climate. During HDSs, the chloroplastidic electron transport rate of NE plants became impaired, while IE plants maintained high values similar to unstressed controls. During recovery from HDS episodes, IE plants reached higher daily net CO2 assimilation rates compared with NE genotypes. Irrespective of the genotype, plants undergoing chronic HDSs showed the lowest cumulative C gain. Under control conditions simulating ambient [CO2], the C gain was lower in the IE plants than in the NE plants. In summary, the data on the overall C gain and plant growth suggest that the beneficial function of isoprene emission in poplar might be of minor importance to mitigate predicted short-term climate extremes under elevated [CO2]. Moreover, we demonstrate that an analysis of the canopy-scale dynamics of isoprene emission and photosynthetic performance under multiple stresses is essential to understand the overall performance under proposed future conditions.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vanzo
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Werner
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4267-0435
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jud
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Ziru
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-2674
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Malgorzata A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Domagalska
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghirardo
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Bishu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Niederbacher
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frenzel
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Gerrit T S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6014-053X
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Beemster
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Han
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-4074
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asard
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6224-2927
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rennenberg
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.).
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hansel
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany (E.V., A.A., A.G., B.N., J.-P.S.);Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (W.J., A.H.);Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (Z.L., T.D.S.);Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium (M.A.D., G.T.S.B., H.A.); andInstitute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.F., H.R.) jp.schnitzler@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Jörg-Peter
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9825-867X
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
mesh_terms: D002070:Butadienes / Q000032:analysis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D057231:Climate Change; D017753:Ecosystem; D045782:Hemiterpenes / Q000032:analysis*; D010420:Pentanes / Q000032:analysis*; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010858:Pigmentation; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D032107:Populus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D010420:Pentanes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D014867:Water; C005059:isoprene; D002244:Carbon