title: MYROIDES INFECTION IN A BABOON AFTER PROLONGED PIG KIDNEY GRAFT SURVIVAL.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunosuppressed patients and experimental nonhuman primates are at risk of opportunistic infection. We report aMyroides sppinfection in an immunosuppressed baboon that had received a life-supporting kidney from a genetically-engineered pig.
  
  
  METHODS
  The baboon received a costimulation blockade-based immunosuppressive regimen as well as two anti-inflammatory agents (tocilizumab and etanercept). Although the pig kidney functioned well, approximately four months after the transplant the baboon became less active and ate and drank poorly. On day 136, it collapsed and died despite inotropic and fluid support. A blood culture drawn before death grewMyroides spp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge,Myroides spphas not been reported as a cause of opportunistic infection in either patients with organ allotransplants or experimental animals. We summarize what is known about this rare organism, and suggest it should be considered in any immunocompromised patient or animal. In the present case, we suggest the baboon died of circulatory shock following infection through an indwelling intravenous catheter.
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA ; Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wijkstrom
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: Jagjit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: Abhinav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Humar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pasculle
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: David K C
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Cooper
keywords: Anti-IL-6R antagonist; Costimulation blockade; Myroides spp; Xenotransplantation