title: Real-time imaging of anti-biofilm effects using CP-OCT.
abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a method to reliably and reproducibly assess the physical properties of in vitro multi-species plaque derived biofilms. A custom flow cell (FC) was designed to model oral cavity shear stresses on biofilms grown on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs. A finite-element program (ANSYS 13) modeled flow velocities and wall shear stresses on the interior 3D dimensions. For the experiment, 1% chlorhexidine (CHX), 5 M urea, and a 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were flown through the FC simulating oral rinsing. Near infrared cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) non-destructively imaged the fluid immersed biofilms in real time (20 frames/s). During low flow, the swell of the biofilm caused from 5 M urea was quite pronounced increase in vertical dimension. Biofilms exposed to 1% CHX showed a slight collapse in the vertical dimension of the biofilm during low flow. During high flow/high sheer stress, the 5 M urea solution effectively removed the biofilm, while both 1% CHX and 1× PBS did not remove biofilms even under high velocity/shear stress conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 6-150C Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, 55455, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Cavan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 6-150C Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, 55455, Minnesota. rsjones@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D008954:Models, Biological; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents
keywords: antimicrobials; biofilms; near infrared; optical coherence tomography; polarization