title: Pancreatic enzymes prepared in bicarbonate solution for administration through enteral feeding tubes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The dissolution and physicochemical effects of preparing delayed-release pancrelipase in a sodium bicarbonate solution before administration via an enteral feeding tube were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several doses of four delayed-release pancrelipase products (Creon, Pancreaze, Ultresa, Zenpep) were studied. The intact contents of pancrelipase capsules was added to 20 mL of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate solution to dissolve the enteric coating and liberate the enzymes into solution. In addition to visual observation, the pH, relative particle count, and osmolality of each admixture were assessed immediately and 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after admixture preparation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The only dose of Creon that was completely dissolved at 30 minutes was the 24,000 lipase unit dose. None of the doses of Pancreaze and only the lowest dose (23,000 lipase units) of Ultresa were completely dissolved at 30 minutes. However, Zenpep doses of 20,000 and 40,000 lipase units were completely dissolved 30 minutes after preparation. Higher doses of each pancrelipase product did not completely dissolve. The baseline pH of the solvent decreased slightly at the first few time points after pancrelipase was added. The relative particle count increased over time and with increasing doses. The osmolality of the mixtures varied by pancrelipase product.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dissolution of enteric coated granules in sodium bicarbonate varied with the pancrelipase product and dose. Zenpep 40,000 lipase units was found to most efficiently dissolve in sodium bicarbonate, possibly due to the consistent size of the product's granules and visibly thinner and uniform enteric coating.
authors.affiliation: Angela M. Boullata is B.S. Student, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Joseph I. Boullata, Pharm. D., BCNSP, FASPEN, is Professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, and Pharmacy Specialist, Clinical Nutrition Support Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Boullata
authors.affiliation: Angela M. Boullata is B.S. Student, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Joseph I. Boullata, Pharm. D., BCNSP, FASPEN, is Professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, and Pharmacy Specialist, Clinical Nutrition Support Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. boullata@nursing.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Boullata
mesh_terms: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology*; D020799:Pancrelipase / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D020799:Pancrelipase; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate