title: Enamel Deproteinization using Papacarie and 10% Papain Gel on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Before and After Acid Etching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To suggest Papacarie(®) as a new deproteinizing agent in comparison with indigenously prepared 10% papain gel before and after acid etching that may enhance the quality of the bond between enamel surface and composite resin complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty five extracted human premolars were utilized and divided into five groups: In the group 1, enamel surface was etched and primer was applied. In group 2, treatment with papacarie(®) for 60 seconds followed by etching and primer application. In group 3, etching followed by treatment with papacarie(®) for 60 seconds and primer application. In group 4, treatment with 10% papain gel for 60 seconds followed by etching and primer application. In group 5, etching followed by treatment with 10% papain gel for 60 seconds and primer application . After bonding the brackets, the mechanical testing was performed using a Universal testing machine. The failure mode was analyzed using an adhesive remnant index. The etching patterns before and after application of papacarie(®) and 10% papain gel was also evaluated using SEM. The values obtained for shear bond strength were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that group 2 and group 4 had the highest shear bond strength and was statistically significant from other groups (p=0.001). Regarding Adhesive remnant index no statistical difference was seen between the groups (p=0.538).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Papacarie(®) or 10% papain gel can be used to deproteinize the enamel surface before acid etching to enhance the bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yeluri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Munshi
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000268:Adhesiveness; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000187:drug effects*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010206:Papain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D005782:Gels; C509557:Papacarie; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; C030242:phosphoric acid; D010206:Papain
keywords: Enamel deproteinization; Etching; Papacarie®; Papain gel; Shear bond strength