title: Toward Accumulation of Magnetic Nanoparticles into Tissues of Small Porosity.
abstract: Magnetic concentration of drug-laden magnetic nanoparticles has been proven to increase the delivery efficiency of treatment by 2-fold. In these techniques, particles are concentrated by the presence of a magnetic source that delivers a very high magnetic field and a strong magnetic field gradient. We have found that such magnetic conditions cause even 150 nm particles to aggregate significantly into assemblies that exceed several micrometers in length within minutes. Such assembly sizes exceed the effective intercellular pore size of tumor tissues preventing these drug-laden magnetic nanoparticles from reaching their target sites. We demonstrate that by using dynamic magnetic fields instead, we can break up these magnetic nanoparticles while simultaneously concentrating them at target sites. The dynamic fields we investigate involve precessing the field direction while maintaining a field gradient. Manipulating the field direction drives the particles into attractive and repulsive configurations that can be tuned to assemble or disassemble these particle clusters. Here, we develop a simple analytic model to describe the kinetic thresholds of disassembly and we compare both experimental and numerical results of magnetic particle suspensions subjected to dynamic fields. Finally we apply these methods to demonstrate penetration in a porous scaffold with a similar pore size to that expected of a tumor tissue.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Rasam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soheilian
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States.
authors.forename: Young Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States.
authors.forename: Allan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: †Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdi
authors.affiliation: †Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Craig E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.affiliation: †Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Randall M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Erb
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles