title: The different role of intratumoral and peritumoral lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer progression and prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis plays a crucial role in metastasis and tumor progression. However, the significance of intratumoral lymphovascular density (I-LVD) and peritumoral lymphovascular density (P-LVD) has been controversial in gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of clinicopathologic characteristics with respect to I-LVD and P-LVD in gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of I-LVD and P-LVD from 66 patients who had undergone radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were assessed after staining with D2-40, an immunostaining marker for lymphatic endothelium. The mean number of lymphatic vessels in three hotspots was calculated in intratumoral and peritumoral areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The peritumoral lymphatics were enlarged with dilated lumens compared to the intratumoral lymphatics. I-LVD was positively correlated with diffuse gastric cancer subtype, tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, tumor node metastasis stage, and overall survival (P < 0.05). P-LVD was associated with lymphovascular invasion, node stage, and disease-free survival (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that P-LVD had an important role in lymph node metastasis, while I-LVD was more associated with depth of tumor invasion. However, both LVDs contributed to gastric cancer progression and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hallym University Medical Center, Hwasung, South Korea. sweetpkh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kyung Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea. ara0315@yuhs.ac.|Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. ara0315@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea. hj423@yuhs.ac.|Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. hj423@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Hye Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hwasung, South Korea. yhchoi@hallym.or.kr.
authors.forename: Younghee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea. kimhyunki@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Hyunki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea. jhcheong@yuhs.ac.|Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea. jhcheong@yuhs.ac.|Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. jhcheong@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cheong
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*