title: Combinations of the Ghd7, Ghd8 and Hd1 genes largely define the ecogeographical adaptation and yield potential of cultivated rice.
abstract: Rice cultivars have been adapted to favorable ecological regions and cropping seasons. Although several heading date genes have separately made contributions to this adaptation, the roles of gene combinations are still unclear. We employed a map-based cloning approach to isolate a heading date gene, which coordinated the interaction between Ghd7 and Ghd8 to greatly delay rice heading. We resequenced these three genes in a germplasm collection to analyze natural variation. Map-based cloning demonstrated that the gene largely affecting the interaction between Ghd7 and Ghd8 was Hd1. Natural variation analysis showed that a combination of loss-of-function alleles of Ghd7, Ghd8 and Hd1 contributes to the expansion of rice cultivars to higher latitudes; by contrast, a combination of pre-existing strong alleles of Ghd7, Ghd8 and functional Hd1 (referred as SSF) is exclusively found where ancestral Asian cultivars originated. Other combinations have comparatively larger favorable ecological scopes and acceptable grain yield. Our results indicate that the combinations of Ghd7, Ghd8 and Hd1 largely define the ecogeographical adaptation and yield potential in rice cultivars. Breeding varieties with the SSF combination are recommended for tropical regions to fully utilize available energy and light resources and thus produce greater yields.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xiangchun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Wenhao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Zhanyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Zhongmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Guojing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Naning, 530007, China.
authors.forename: Sibin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Naning, 530007, China.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Gongwei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yongzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D001208:Asia; D001483:Base Sequence; D018533:Biomass; D001947:Breeding; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D035264:Flowers; D017343:Genes, Plant; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Oryza rufipogon; Oryza sativa; combinations; ecogeographical adaptation; grain yield; heading date; natural variation