title: Use of food waste as fish feeds: effects of prebiotic fibers (inulin and mannanoligosaccharide) on growth and non-specific immunity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
abstract: The effects of inulin and mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance and non-specific immunity of grass carp were studied. Two doses of prebiotic fiber with 0.2 or 2% of the fibers are being mixed into fish feed pellets. Fish growth as well as selected non-specific immune parameters of grass carp were tested in a feeding trial, which lasted for 8 weeks. Fish was fed at 2.5% body mass per day. INU02, INU2, and MOS2 significantly improved relative weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and food conversion ratio of grass carp fed with food waste-based diet. In terms of non-specific immune response, grass carp showed significant improvement in all three tested parameters (total serum immunoglobin, bactericidal activity, and anti-protease activity). Adding 2% of inulin (INU2) into food waste diets seemed to be more preferable than other supplemented experimental diets (INU02, MOS02, MOS2), as it could promote growth of grass carp as well as improving the non-specific immune systems of grass carp.
authors.affiliation: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER) and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China.|Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Wing Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER) and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China.|Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Wai M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science Programs, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Clare H I
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lun
authors.affiliation: Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yu B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Man
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
authors.forename: James T F
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
authors.forename: Xun W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Stanley C K
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER) and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China. minghwong@ied.edu.hk.|Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. minghwong@ied.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Ming H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000097:blood; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D007444:Inulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D056692:Prebiotics; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D008351:Mannans; D056692:Prebiotics; D014866:Waste Products; D007444:Inulin
keywords: Diet digestibility; Feed conversion ratio; Food waste; Grass carp; Non-specific immunity; Prebiotic fibers