title: Feasibility and efficacy of diabetic retinopathy screening among youth with diabetes in a pediatric endocrinology clinic: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the feasibility and efficacy of using a non-mydriatic camera to screen for diabetic retinopathy (DR) among youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes seen in a pediatric endocrinology clinic serving Alabama, the state that has the highest diabetes rate in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  236 youths with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were screened for DR using a non-mydriatic camera. Visual acuity was also assessed. A questionnaire asked parents about diabetes and eye care history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean duration since diabetes diagnosis was 5.5 years. 66 % reported receiving an eye examination within the previous year. 97.5 % had images that were gradable. DR was detected in 3.8 % of participants. 9.1 % were visually impaired.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of a non-mydriatic fundus camera is feasible and efficacious for DR screening in youth with diabetes. DR screening at routine endocrinology visits may be beneficial in managing youth with diabetes and preventing irreversible vision loss, particularly for those in regions where diabetes rates are high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tapley
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGwin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics/Division of Endocrinology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
authors.forename: Ambika P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
authors.forename: Koula
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Searcey
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
authors.forename: C Douglas
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Witherspoon
authors.affiliation: Vision Health Initiative, Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
authors.forename: Jinan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saaddine
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Owsley
keywords: Diabetes complications; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic retinopathy; Pediatrics; Visual acuity