title: Atlas Assimilation Patterns in Different Types of Adult Craniocervical Junction Malformations.
abstract: METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional analysis of resonance magnetic images of 111 patients with craniocervical malformations and those of normal subjects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that atlas assimilation is associated with basilar invagination (BI) and atlas's anterior arch assimilation is associated with craniocervical instability and type I BI.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Atlas assimilation is the most common malformation in the craniocervical junction. This condition has been associated with craniocervical instability and BI in isolated cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated midline Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) (and/or CT scans) from patients with craniocervical junction malformation and normal subjects. The patients were separated into 3 groups: Chiari type I malformation, BI type I, and type II. The atlas assimilations were classified according to their embryological origins as follows: posterior, anterior, and both arches assimilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied the craniometric values of 111 subjects, 78 with craniocervical junction malformation and 33 without malformations. Of the 78 malformations, 51 patients had Chiari type I and 27 had BI, of whom 10 presented with type I and 17 with type II BI. In the Chiari group, 41 showed no assimilation of the atlas. In the type I BI group, all patients presented with anterior arch assimilation, either in isolation or associated with assimilation of the posterior arch. 63% of the patients with type II BI presented with posterior arch assimilation, either in isolation or associated with anterior arch assimilation. In the control group, no patients had atlas assimilation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior atlas assimilation leads to type I BI. Posterior atlas assimilation more frequently leads to type II BI. Separation in terms of anterior versus posterior atlas assimilation reflects a more accurate understanding of the clinical and embryological differences in craniocervical junction malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: *Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, IAMSPE, São Paulo, Brazil†Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra, - HUUFMA, São Luís, Brazil‡Hospital do Servidor Público do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson Dener Zandonadi
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Ricardo Vieira
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Botelho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001270:Cervical Atlas / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography