title: The Effects of Aquatic Exercises on Physical Fitness and Muscle Function in Dialysis Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a 3-month physical training program, conducted in an aquatic environment with end-stage renal disease patients (ESRD), on the physical fitness and functional parameters of the knee joint muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 20 ESDR patients with mean age 64.2 ± 13.1 y. treated with hemodialysis in Dialysis Center of the University Hospital in Wroclaw. Before and 3 months after the physical training in water, a test was performed to evaluate the physical fitness of each patient; additionally, a measurement was taken of force-velocity parameters. The 3-month training program took place on nonhemodialysis days, in the recreational pool of the University of Physical Education in Wroclaw.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After aquatic training cycle, an improvement was observed in all parameters measured using the Fullerton test. The value of peak torque and its relation to body mass increased in the movement of flexors and extensors of left and right lower extremities in all tested velocities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In assessing the physical fitness of studied women, the biggest improvement was achieved in tests assessing the strength of upper and lower extremities as well as lower body flexibility. Higher values of force-velocity parameters are conducive to women achieving better physical fitness test results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 35 Paderewskiego Street, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Wioletta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dziubek
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 35 Paderewskiego Street, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bulińska
authors.affiliation: Non-Public Medical College of Wroclaw, 69 Nowowiejska Street, 50-340 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Rogowski
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska Street, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gołębiowski
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska Street, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusztal
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 35 Paderewskiego Street, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grochola
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 35 Paderewskiego Street, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Markowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Basis of Sport, University of Zielona Gora, 58 Wyspianskiego Street, 65-178 Zielona Gora, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zembroń-Łacny
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska Street, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Wacław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weyde
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska Street, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 35 Paderewskiego Street, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woźniewski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D006435:Renal Dialysis