title: Enrichment of heavy metals in fine particles of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash and associated health risk.
abstract: During the pretreatment and recycling processes, the re-suspended dust from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash might pose a significant health risk to onsite workers due to its toxic heavy metal content. In this work, the morphological and mineralogical characteristics of fly ash in different particle sizes are presented. The concentrations of seven trace elements (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn) in these samples were determined. The results show that volatile metals, such as Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd, were easily concentrated in the fine particles, especially in Dp2.5-1 and Dp1, with soluble and exchangeable substances as the main chemical species. The health risk assessment illustrated that the cumulative hazard indexes for non-carcinogenic metals in Dp10-5, Dp5-2.5, Dp2.5-1, and Dp1 were 1.69, 1.41, 1.78 and 2.64, respectively, which were higher than the acceptable threshold values (1.0). The cumulative carcinogenic risk was also higher than the threshold value (10(-6)). For the onsite workers, the relatively apparent non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects were from Pb and Cr, respectively. The above findings suggest that fine-grained fly ash contained a considerable amount of heavy metals and exhibited a great health risk.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Jizhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Simiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Lingen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhenbang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadar, Kazocity, Saitama Prefecture 347-0115, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yonemochi
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadar, Kazocity, Saitama Prefecture 347-0115, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadar, Kazocity, Saitama Prefecture 347-0115, Japan. Electronic address: o.kokyo@pref.saitama.lg.jp.
authors.forename: Kokyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China. Electronic address: grqian@shu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangren
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000633:toxicity; D002681:China; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D017745:Incineration; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D060729:Coal Ash; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Different particle size; Health risk; Heavy metal; MSWI fly ash