title: Reduced oxygen cost of running is related to alignment of the resultant GRF and leg axis vector: A pilot study.
abstract: This pilot study investigated whether a 10-week running program (10wkRP), which reduced the oxygen cost of running, affected resultant ground reaction force (GRF), leg axis alignment, joint moment characteristics, and gear ratios. Ten novice, female runners completed a 10wkRP. Running kinematics and kinetics, in addition to oxygen consumption ( V ˙ O 2 ) during steady-state running, were recorded pre- and post-10wkRP. V ˙ O 2 decreased (8%) from pre-10wkRP to post-10wkRP. There was a better alignment of the resultant GRF and leg axis at peak propulsion post-10wkRP compared with pre-10wkRP (10.8 ± 4.9 vs 1.6 ± 1.2°), as the resultant GRF vector was applied 7 ± 0.6° (P = 0.008) more horizontally. There were shorter external ankle moment arms (24%) and smaller knee extensor moments (23%) at peak braking post-10wkRP. The change in V ˙ O 2 was associated with the change in alignment of the resultant GRF and leg axis (rs  = 0.88, P = 0.003). As runners became more economical, they exhibited a more aligned resultant GRF vector and leg axis at peak propulsion. This appears to be a self-optimization strategy that may improve performance. Additionally, changes to external ankle moment arms indicated beneficial low gear ratios were achieved at the time of peak braking force.
authors.affiliation: Sports injury Research Group, Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Bioenergetics and Human Performance Research Group, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Bioenergetics and Human Performance Research Group, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Running economy; gear ratio; joint moments; running gait