title: [Evaluation of 2 inanimate models to improve percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided renal access time].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Training devices for percutaneous renal access are expensive, have hazardous biological materials, or radiation. Two devices were designed that eliminate some or all of these characteristics (ManiPERC and iPERC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the improvement in access time to the posterior lower calix with 2 inanimate models in a group of Urology residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quasi-experimental clinical trial with 16 Urology residents to compare the improvement over time of percutaneous renal access by training in 2 inanimate models (iPERC: simulated fluoroscopy and ManiPERC: real fluoroscopy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were assigned to one of 2 groups (iPERC and ManiPERC) and a video analysis of all of them was performed before and after 20 training sessions. Both groups improved their access time; with iPERC from 133.88±41.40 to 76±12.62s (p=0.006) and from 176.5±85.81 to 68.75 to 18.40s (p=0.007) with ManiPERC. Comparing iPERC versus ManiPERC there was no difference between them in improving access time (ANCOVA: Model F (1.13)=1.598, p=0.228).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both models are equivalent in improving skills; however, even though none of them generated bio-waste, the absence of radioactive emissions makes iPERC the more advantageous model.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Efraín
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Alcaraz
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Regional No. 25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F., México. Electronic address: urology_md@hotmail.es.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: González-Meza García
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Eduardo Alonso
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Serrano-Brambila
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery*; D059032:Learning Curve; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011677:Punctures; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014572:Urology / Q000193:education; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Inanimate model; Kidney; Minimally invasive surgical procedures; Modelo inanimado; Nefrolitotricia percutánea; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Procedimientos quirúrgicos mínimamente invasivos; Riñón