title: Distinct functions of neuromedin u and neuromedin s in orange-spotted grouper.
abstract: Neuromedin U (NMU) and neuromedin S (NMS) play inhibitory roles in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in mammals. However, their functions are not clearly established in teleost fish. In the present study, nmu and nms homologs were identified in several fish species. Subsequently, their cDNA sequences were cloned from the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Sequence analysis showed that the orange-spotted grouper Nmu proprotein contains a 21-amino acid mature Nmu peptide (Nmu-21). The Nms proprotein lost the typical mature Nms peptide, but it retains a putative 34-amino acid peptide (Nmsrp). In situ hybridization revealed that nmu- and nms-expressing cells are mainly localized in the hypothalamic regions associated with appetite regulation. Food deprivation decreased the hypothalamic nmu mRNA levels but induced an increase of nms mRNA levels. Periprandial expression analysis showed that hypothalamic expression of nmu increased significantly at 3 h post-feeding, while nms expression was elevated at the normal feeding time. I.p. injection of synthetic Nmu-21 peptide suppressed the hypothalamic neuropeptide y (npy) expression, while Nmsrp administration significantly increased the expression of npy and orexin in orange-spotted grouper. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of LH beta subunit (lhβ) and gh in the pituitary were significantly down-regulated after Nmu-21 peptide administration, while Nmsrp was able to significantly stimulate the expression of FSH beta subunit (fshβ), prolactin (prl), and somatolaction (sl). Our results indicate that nmu and nms possess distinct neuroendocrine functions and pituitary functions in the orange spotted grouper.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolInstitute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaFisheries CollegeGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Shuisheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolInstitute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaFisheries CollegeGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolInstitute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaFisheries CollegeGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Qiongyu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolInstitute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaFisheries CollegeGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Binbin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolInstitute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaFisheries CollegeGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China lsszy@mail.sysu.edu.cn chpsysu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Huapu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolInstitute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaFisheries CollegeGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolInstitute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaFisheries CollegeGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China lsszy@mail.sysu.edu.cn chpsysu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolInstitute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaFisheries CollegeGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Haoran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D001492:Bass / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D037201:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D037101:Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000068797:Orexins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013217:Starvation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D037201:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit; D037101:Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C497950:neuromedin S; C056900:neuromedin U; D011388:Prolactin
keywords: feeding regulation; nms; nmu; pituitary function; structural diversity