title: Carotenoids and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health problem around the world, especially in developed countries. NAFLD includes all cases of fatty liver disease from simple steatosis to cirrhosis, without excessive alcohol intake, use of steatogenic medication or hereditary disorders. Pathogenesis is associated with dietary high fat intake, decreased free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation, increased hepatic lipogenesis and lipolysis from the adipose tissue. These metabolic alterations contribute to the hepatic fat accumulation. Consequently, stimulated oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role in hepatocellular damage. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents may have a role in the prevention of this disease. Carotenoids are potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory micronutrients, which have been investigated in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. The main sources of the carotenoids are fruits and vegetables. In this article we review the potential role and possible molecular mechanism of carotenoids in NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 2 Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3 Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey ; 4 Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Bahiddin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: 1 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 2 Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3 Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey ; 4 Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: 1 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 2 Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3 Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey ; 4 Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bilen
authors.affiliation: 1 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 2 Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3 Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey ; 4 Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Ibrahim H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Bahcecioglu
authors.affiliation: 1 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 2 Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3 Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey ; 4 Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Birdal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bilir
authors.affiliation: 1 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 2 Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3 Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey ; 4 Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: 1 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 2 Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3 Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey ; 4 Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Karim J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Halazun
authors.affiliation: 1 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; 2 Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3 Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey ; 4 Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kucuk
keywords: Fatty liver; antioxidant; carotenoid; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; oxidative stress; steatosis