title: Utility of spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) and laser speckle imaging (LSI) to non-invasively diagnose burn depth in a porcine model.
abstract: Surgical intervention of second degree burns is often delayed because of the difficulty in visual diagnosis, which increases the risk of scarring and infection. Non-invasive metrics have shown promise in accurately assessing burn depth. Here, we examine the use of spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) and laser speckle imaging (LSI) for predicting burn depth. Contact burn wounds of increasing severity were created on the dorsum of a Yorkshire pig, and wounds were imaged with SFDI/LSI starting immediately after-burn and then daily for the next 4 days. In addition, on each day the burn wounds were biopsied for histological analysis of burn depth, defined by collagen coagulation, apoptosis, and adnexal/vascular necrosis. Histological results show that collagen coagulation progressed from day 0 to day 1, and then stabilized. Results of burn wound imaging using non-invasive techniques were able to produce metrics that correlate to different predictors of burn depth. Collagen coagulation and apoptosis correlated with SFDI scattering coefficient parameter [Formula: see text] and adnexal/vascular necrosis on the day of burn correlated with blood flow determined by LSI. Therefore, incorporation of SFDI scattering coefficient and blood flow determined by LSI may provide an algorithm for accurate assessment of the severity of burn wounds in real time.
authors.affiliation: United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Burmeister
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
authors.forename: Adrien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ponticorvo
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Becerra
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.affiliation: United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA. Electronic address: Robert.j.christy12.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Christy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002056:Burns / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000379:methods*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices
keywords: Burn diagnosis; Non-invasive imaging; Swine