title: Risk factors for Charcot foot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus is the main cause of Charcot neuroarthropathy and is clinically classified as follows: Charcot foot, acute Charcot foot (ACF) when there is inflammation, and inactive Charcot foot when inflammatory signs are absent. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for ACF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A matched case-control study was conducted to assess the factors associated with acute Charcot foot from February 2000 until September 2012. Four controls for each case were selected 47 cases of ACF and 188 controls without ACF were included. Cases and controls were matched by year of initialization of treatment. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate matched odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analysis, patients having less than 55 years of age (adjusted OR = 4.10, 95% CI = 1.69 - 9.94), literate education age (adjusted OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.40 - 9.92), living alone (adjusted OR = 5.84, 95% CI = 1.49 - 22.86), previous ulceration (adjusted OR = 4.84, 95% CI = 1.62 - 14.51) were at increased risk of ACF. However, peripheral arterial disease (adjusted OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05 - 0.52) of 6.25 (1.92 - 20.0) was a protective factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that PCA in type 2 diabetes primarily affects patients under 55 who live alone, are literate, and have a prior history of ulcers, and that peripheral arterial disease is a protective factor.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta Barreto de Medeiros
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nóbrega
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roque
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aras
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Martins
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo David
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Couto
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Magno da Nóbrega
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.affiliation: Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Víctor Nóbrega Quintas
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Colares
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscilla Leite
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Campelo
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos André Lima
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nunes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001177:Arthropathy, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000209:etiology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors