title: Chemical Evolution of a Bacterial Proteome.
abstract: We have changed the amino acid set of the genetic code of Escherichia coli by evolving cultures capable of growing on the synthetic noncanonical amino acid L-β-(thieno[3,2-b]pyrrolyl)alanine ([3,2]Tpa) as a sole surrogate for the canonical amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp). A long-term cultivation experiment in defined synthetic media resulted in the evolution of cells capable of surviving Trp→[3,2]Tpa substitutions in their proteomes in response to the 20,899 TGG codons of the E. coli W3110 genome. These evolved bacteria with new-to-nature amino acid composition showed robust growth in the complete absence of Trp. Our experimental results illustrate an approach for the evolution of synthetic cells with alternative biochemical building blocks.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, 10623 Berlin (Germany).
authors.forename: Michael Georg
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hoesl
authors.affiliation: Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, 10623 Berlin (Germany).
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oehm
authors.affiliation: Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, 10623 Berlin (Germany).
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh (UK).
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Darmon
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 4.17 Michael Swann Building, Edinburgh EH9 3BF (UK).
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peil
authors.affiliation: Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 (USA).
authors.forename: Hans-Rudolf
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Aerni
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biotechnolgie, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin (Germany).|Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 4.17 Michael Swann Building, Edinburgh EH9 3BF (UK).
authors.forename: Juri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rappsilber
authors.affiliation: Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516 (USA).
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rinehart
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh (UK).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 (USA).
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Söll
authors.affiliation: Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, 10623 Berlin (Germany). nediljko.budisa@tu-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Nediljko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Budisa
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019418:Evolution, Chemical; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D020543:Proteome; C447151:beta-(thieno(3,2-b)pyrrolyl)alanine; D000409:Alanine
keywords: Escherichia coli; continuous evolution; genetic code translation; synthetic biology; tryptophan analogues