title: The YAP1 oncogene contributes to bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating the H19 long noncoding RNA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and long noncoding RNA H19 act as potent oncogenes in many human cancers, but little is known about their roles in bladder cancer or their relationship with each other.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed retrospectively on human bladder cancer specimens and on bladder cancer cell lines (UMUC-3, EJ, and 5637). YAP1 and H19 expression levels were detected and correlated with clinical and pathologic grades. To determine whether YAP1 regulates H19 expression, their genes were overexpressed or suppressed in 5637 and UMUC-3 cells. The effects of YAP1/H19 on proliferation and migration were determined by viability, colony formation, transwell migration, and wound-healing assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  YAP1 and H19 expression levels were markedly elevated in bladder cancer tissues and cells, and H19 expression was found to be significantly associated with YAP1 expression. Determination of their clinicopathologic significance in 40 human bladder cancer tissues showed that specimens in which YAP1 and H19 were overexpressed were associated with poorer clinicopathologic prognosis. In addition, YAP1 was found to enhance H19 expression, whereas H19 had no significant effect on YAP1 expression in bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, the results of in vitro analyses suggested that this association regulates cell proliferation and migration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results emphasize the importance of YAP1 and H19 in bladder cancer progression and indicate that H19, at least in part, is induced by YAP1 overexpression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: San-San
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xing-Xing
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ji-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guang-Zheng
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shi-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China. Electronic address: twl@smu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wan-Long
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014157:Transcription Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; C088374:YAP1 protein, human
keywords: Bladder cancer; Long noncoding RNA H19; Migration; Proliferation; Yes-associated protein 1