title: Periconceptional Seafood Intake and Fetal Growth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous reports of associations of maternal seafood intake with fetal growth were inconsistent. Further, little is known whether associations differ across seafood subtypes or fetal growth indices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 3141 participants of the Omega study, a pregnancy cohort study, we investigated associations of periconceptional shell, lean, and fatty fish intake with fetal growth indices. We categorised food frequency questionnaire reported seafood intake into frequencies of: <0.2 servings/month, 0.2 servings/month -<0.5 servings/week, 0.5-1 servings/week, and >1 servings/week. We abstracted birthweight, birth length, and head circumference from medical records. Using generalised linear models with a log link, the Poisson family, and robust standard errors, we estimated relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for low birthweight (LBW, <2500 g) and linear regression models to estimate mean differences for continuous fetal growth indices across seafood intake categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medians (interquartile range) of shell, lean, and fatty fish intake were 0.3 (0-0.9), 0.5 (0-1.0), and 0.5 (0.1-1.0) servings/week, respectively. Lean fish intake of >1 servings/week (vs. <0.2 servings/month) was associated with a 2.2-fold higher risk of LBW (95% CI 1.2, 4.1). Shellfish intake of >1 servings/week (vs. <0.2 servings/month) was associated with a 0.6 kg/m(3) higher mean ponderal index (95% CI 0.0, 1.2 kg/m(3) ). There was no evidence for associations of total seafood or seafood subtype intake with other fetal growth indices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher intakes of lean fish and shellfish were associated with a higher risk of LBW and higher mean ponderal index, respectively. Findings highlight the importance of considerations of seafood subtype in similar investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, MA.
authors.forename: April F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, MA.
authors.forename: Mary Lou
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, MA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Burbacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, MA.|Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, MA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Siscovick
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, MA.|Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, MA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Enquobahrie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015930:Diet Records; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017747:Seafood / Q000009:adverse effects; D012758:Shellfish / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3
keywords: birth weight; fetal growth; lean fish; omega 3 fatty acids; ponderal index; seafood