title: New World and Old World Leishmania Infections: A Practical Review.
abstract: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection endemic to more than 90 countries worldwide. As travel to endemic areas increases, dermatologists need to keep this entity in the differential for any chronic skin lesion in persons who may have had a possible exposure for any duration. It can be difficult to diagnose because manifestations are varied and sometimes subclinical. This article discusses the current state of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options. A special focus is placed on cutaneous manifestations and their treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kevric
authors.affiliation: Department of Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cappel
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. Electronic address: Keeling.James@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Keeling
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000235:genetics; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000235:genetics; D007894:Leishmania mexicana / Q000235:genetics; D007895:Leishmania tropica / Q000235:genetics; D016774:Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007897:Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C039128:miltefosine; D000666:Amphotericin B; C059765:amphotericin B, deoxycholate drug combination; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate
keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Leishmania infection; Leishmaniasis; Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis