title: Occurrence, genotypic characterization, and patterns of shedding of human polyomavirus JCPyV and BKPyV in urine samples of healthy individuals in São Paulo, Brazil.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, genotypic characterization, and determination of the patterns of shedding of human polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) and BK (BKPyV) in consecutive urine samples collected from healthy adults. Urine samples collected monthly over a 6 month period were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two sets of primers complementary to the VP1 protein region specific for the JCPyV or BKPyV genome. The viral load of JCPyV and BKPyV in positive samples was determined by quantitative real time PCR. Seventy-one healthy individuals (ages between 18 and 65) were included in the study. Polyomavirus DNA urinary shedding was identified in 44 (62%) of the 71 individuals evaluated: BKPyV only in 16 (22.5%); JCPyV only in 19 (26.7%); and both in 9 (12.7%). Among the 28 individuals shedding JCPyV, the shedding was nearly continuous in 13 (46.4%) and sporadic in 15 (53.6%), whereas all BKPyV shedding was sporadic. A total of 45 (19 BKPyV and 26 JCPyV) strains were identified. Of the BKPyV strains, individuals were observed that excreted all genotypes except genotype 3 and the JCPyV strains, excretion of 5 different genotypes. Evaluating the age of individuals who excrete JCPyV and BKPyV, mostly are young adults, with a slight increase with increasing age and observing the viral load can not draw any parallel between the increase or decrease of age or excreted genotype as there was a wide variation both in the excretion of BKPyV and JCPyV. The high occurrence of isolated or simultaneous urinary shedding of JCPyV and BKPyV in healthy individuals merits further study.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Palma
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Urbano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Reis
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Malta
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio Sergio
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pannuti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina Domingues da Silva
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fink
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001739:BK Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007577:JC Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology*; D019562:Viral Load; D017201:Virus Shedding
keywords: BKPyV; JCPyV; genotype; urinary shedding