title: Enzymatic Activity and Susceptibility to Antifungal Agents of Brazilian Environmental Isolates of Hortaea werneckii.
abstract: Four strains of Hortaea werneckii were isolated from different substrates in Brazil (a salt marsh macrophyte, a bromeliad and a marine zoanthid) and had their identification confirmed by sequencing of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain or ITS region. Most of the strains were able to express amylase, lipase, esterase, pectinase and/or cellulase, enzymes that recognize components of plant cells as substrates, but did not express albuminase, keratinase, phospholipase and DNAse, whose substrates are animal-related. Urease production was positive for all isolates, while caseinase, gelatinase and laccase production were variable among the strains. All the strains grew in media containing up to 30% NaCl. We propose that the primary substrate associated with H. werneckii is plant-related, in special in saline environments, where the fungus may live as a saprophyte and decomposer. Infection of animal-associated substrates would be secondary, with the fungus acting as an opportunistic animal pathogen. All strains were resistant to fluconazole and presented high MIC for amphotericin B, while they were susceptible to all the other antifungal agents tested.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 210, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Formoso
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 210, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heidrich
authors.affiliation: Setor de Genética, ICBS, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ciro Ramón
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: Setor de Genética, ICBS, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anne Carolyne
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tenório
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 210, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Belize R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Setor de Genética, ICBS, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Monsalve
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Castrillón
authors.affiliation: Setor de Genética, ICBS, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
authors.forename: Melissa Fontes
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Landell
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 210, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Scroferneker
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. patricia.valente@ufrgs.br.|Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 210, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-170, Brazil. patricia.valente@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valente
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001938:Brazil; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C065096:RNA, ribosomal, 26S; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006867:Hydrolases
keywords: Antifungal susceptibility; Environmental isolates; Enzyme production; Hortaea werneckii