title: The association between clinically relevant anxiety and other non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Anxiety disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are often missed due to an overlap with other non-motor symptoms. The relationships between anxiety and other non-motor symptoms in PD still remain unclear. We used the Hamilton anxiety rating scale and the Non-motor Symptoms Questionnaire to measure anxiety and the complex range of non-motor symptoms in 99 PD patients. The relationships between anxiety and other PD-related non-motor symptoms were examined through regression analyses. 25 % of PD patients were diagnosed with clinically relevant anxiety. Non-motor symptoms were more prominent in patients with anxiety. Depression, urinary disorders, and sleep disruption were the factors most likely to influence anxiety in PD. Our findings have revealed a strong interplay between anxiety and other non-motor symptoms of PD and have highlighted the need for a holistic approach towards the clinical treatment of this disabling condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Si-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Qin-Rong
authors.initials: QR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China. kezhong_zhang1969@126.com.
authors.forename: Ke-Zhong
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents
keywords: Anxiety; Hamilton anxiety rating scale; Non-motor symptoms; Parkinson’s disease