title: Molecular cytogenetic analysis of monoecious hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars reveals its karyotype variations and sex chromosomes constitution.
abstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L., 2n = 20) is a dioecious plant. Sex expression is controlled by an X-to-autosome balance system consisting of the heteromorphic sex chromosomes XY for males and XX for females. Genetically monoecious hemp offers several agronomic advantages compared to the dioecious cultivars that are widely used in hemp cultivation. The male or female origin of monoecious maternal plants is unknown. Additionally, the sex chromosome composition of monoecious hemp forms remains unknown. In this study, we examine the sex chromosome makeup in monoecious hemp using a cytogenetic approach. Eight monoecious and two dioecious cultivars were used. The DNA of 210 monoecious plants was used for PCR analysis with the male-associated markers MADC2 and SCAR323. All monoecious plants showed female amplification patterns. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the subtelomeric CS-1 probe to chromosomes plates and karyotyping revealed a lack of Y chromosome and presence of XX sex chromosomes in monoecious cultivars with the chromosome number 2n = 20. There was a high level of intra- and intercultivar karyotype variation detected. The results of this study can be used for further analysis of the genetic basis of sex expression in plants.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-MTAA, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Razumova
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-MTAA, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia.
authors.forename: Oleg S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Alexandrov
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-MTAA, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Divashuk
authors.affiliation: Krasnodar Lukyanenko Research Institute of Agriculture, C/U KNIISH, Krasnodar, 350012, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatiana I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Sukhorada
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-MTAA, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia. karlovg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gennady I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Karlov
mesh_terms: D002188:Cannabis / Q000235:genetics*; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis / Q000379:methods; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D059785:Karyotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Cannabis sativa; Hemp; Karyotype; Monoecious hemp; Sex chromosome