title: Biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells on poly-ε-caprolactone filaments and a strategy for tissue engineering of segments of the peripheral nerves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peripheral nerves may fail to regenerate across tube implants because these lack the microarchitecture of native nerves. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) secrete soluble factors that improve the regeneration of the peripheral nerves. Also, microstructured poly-caprolactone (PCL) filaments are capable of inducing bands of Büngner and promote regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We describe here the interaction between PCL filaments and MSC, aiming to optimize PNS tubular implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSC were plated on PCL filaments for 48 h and the adhesion profile, viability, proliferation and paracrine capacity were evaluated. Also, Schwann cells were plated on PCL filaments covered with MSC for 24 h to analyze the feasibility of the co-culture system. Moreover, E16 dorsal root ganglia were plated in contact with PCL filaments for 4 days to analyze neurite extension. Right sciatic nerves were exposed and a 10 mm nerve segment was removed. Distal and proximal stumps were reconnected inside a 14-mm polyethylene tube, leaving a gap of approximately 13 mm between the two stumps. Animals then received phosphate-buffered saline 1×, PCL filaments or PCL filaments previously incubated with MSC and, after 12 weeks, functional gait performance and histological analyses were made. Statistical analyses were made using Student's unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSC were confined to lateral areas and ridges of PCL filaments, aligning along the longitudinal. MSC showed high viability (90 %), and their proliferation and secretion capabilities were not completely inhibited by the filaments. Schwann cells adhered to filaments plated with MSC, maintaining high viability (90 %). Neurites grew and extended over the surface of PCL filaments, reaching greater distances when over MSC-plated filaments. Axons showed more organized and myelinized fibers and reinnervated significantly more muscle fibers when they were previously implanted with MSC-covered PLC filaments. Moreover, animals with MSC-covered filaments showed increased functional recovery after 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide evidence for the interaction among MSC, Schwann cells and PCL filaments, and we also demonstrate that this system can constitute a stable and permissive support for regeneration of segments of the peripheral nerves.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bl. C, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. acruiz@biof.ufrj.br.|Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bl. G Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. acruiz@biof.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrier-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bl. C, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. fabiana@histo.ufrj.br.|Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia - Numpex-Bio, Pólo de Xerém, Estrada de Xerém, N° 27, CEP: 25245-390, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil. fabiana@histo.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Evaristo-Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bl. G Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. rmotero@biof.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendez-Otero
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bl. C, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. vtulio@biof.ufrj.br.|Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia - Numpex-Bio, Pólo de Xerém, Estrada de Xerém, N° 27, CEP: 25245-390, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil. vtulio@biof.ufrj.br.|Programa de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco C, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. vtulio@biof.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Ribeiro-Resende
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D016501:Neurites / Q000502:physiology; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C016240:polycaprolactone