title: An analysis of application of health informatics in Traditional Medicine: A review of four Traditional Medicine Systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper shall first investigate the informatics areas and applications of the four Traditional Medicine systems - Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, Traditional Arabic and Islamic Medicine and Traditional Malay Medicine. Then, this paper shall examine the national informatics infrastructure initiatives in the four respective countries that support the Traditional Medicine systems. Challenges of implementing informatics in Traditional Medicine Systems shall also be discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature was sourced from four databases: Ebsco Host, IEEE Explore, Proquest and Google scholar. The search term used was "Traditional Medicine", "informatics", "informatics infrastructure", "traditional Chinese medicine", "Ayurveda", "traditional Arabic and Islamic medicine", and "traditional malay medicine". A combination of the search terms above was also executed to enhance the searching process. A search was also conducted in Google to identify miscellaneous books, publications, and organization websites using the same terms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amongst major advancements in TCM and Ayurveda are bioinformatics, development of Traditional Medicine databases for decision system support, data mining and image processing. Traditional Chinese Medicine differentiates itself from other Traditional Medicine systems with documented ISO Standards to support the standardization of TCM. Informatics applications in Traditional Arabic and Islamic Medicine are mostly ehealth applications that focus more on spiritual healing, Islamic obligations and prophetic traditions. Literature regarding development of health informatics to support Traditional Malay Medicine is still insufficient. Major informatics infrastructure that is common in China and India are automated insurance payment systems for Traditional Medicine treatment. National informatics infrastructure in Middle East and Malaysia mainly cater for modern medicine. Other infrastructure such as telemedicine and hospital information systems focus its implementation in modern medicine or are not implemented and strategized at a national level to support Traditional Medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Informatics may not be able to address all the emerging areas of Traditional Medicine because the concepts in Traditional Medicine system of medicine are different from modern system, though the aim may be same, i.e., to give relief to the patient. Thus, there is a need to synthesize Traditional Medicine systems and informatics with involvements from modern system of medicine. Future research works may include filling the gaps of informatics areas and integrate national informatics infrastructure with established Traditional Medicine systems.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE Malaysia) Engineering Technologies Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. Electronic address: rajarina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Raja Rina
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Raja Ikram
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE Malaysia) Engineering Technologies Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. Electronic address: khanapi@utem.edu.my.
authors.forename: Mohd Khanapi
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Abd Ghani
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE Malaysia) Engineering Technologies Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. Electronic address: noraswaliza@utem.edu.my.
authors.forename: Noraswaliza
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D019295:Computational Biology; D016208:Databases, Factual; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D006751:Hospital Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008296:Malaysia; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D008519:Medicine, Traditional / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D008877:Middle East; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D017216:Telemedicine
keywords: Ayurveda; Health informatics; Traditional Arabic and Islamic Medicine; Traditional Chinese Medicine; Traditional Malay Medicine; Traditional Medicine