title: Fate of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in full-scale water treatment plants.
abstract: The increasing frequency and intensity of taste and odour (T&O) producing cyanobacteria in water sources is a growing global issue. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are the main cyanobacterial T&O compounds and can cause complaints from consumers at levels as low as 10 ng/L. However, literature concerning the performance of full-scale treatment processes for geosmin and MIB removal is rare. Hence, the objectives of this study were to: 1) estimate the accumulation and breakthrough of geosmin and MIB inside full-scale water treatment plants; 2) verify the potential impact of sludge recycling practice on performance of plants; and, 3) assess the effectiveness of aged GAC for the removal of these compounds. Sampling after full-scale treatment processes and GAC pilot assays were conducted to achieve these goals. Geosmin and MIB monitoring in full-scale plants provided the opportunity to rank the performance of studied treatment processes with filtration and granular activated carbon providing the best barriers for removal of total and extracellular compounds, correspondingly. Geosmin was removed to a greater extent than MIB using GAC. Geosmin and MIB residuals in water post GAC contactors after two years of operation was 20% and 40% of initial concentrations, correspondingly. Biological activity on the GAC surface enhanced the removal of T&O compounds. These observations demonstrated that a multi-barrier treatment approach is required to ensure cyanobacteria and their T&O compounds are effectively removed from drinking water.
authors.affiliation: UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. Electronic address: a.zamyadi@unsw.edu.au.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zamyadi
authors.affiliation: bioMASS Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.affiliation: UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stuetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Australian Water Quality Centre (AWQC) - South Australian Water Corporation (SA Water), Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Australian Water Quality Centre (AWQC) - South Australian Water Corporation (SA Water), Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: Gayle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Newcombe
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001892:Camphanes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D009284:Naphthols / Q000378:metabolism*; D059027:Recycling; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D001892:Camphanes; D009284:Naphthols; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002606:Charcoal; C005536:2-methylisoborneol; C001278:geosmin
keywords: Cyanobacteria; Geosmin; MIB; Taste and odour; Water treatment