title: Toxicity Persistence of Chlorpyrifos in Runoff from Experimental Soybean Plots to the Non-target Amphipod Hyalella curvispina: Effect of Crop Management.
abstract: Toxicity persistence to the nontarget amphipod Hyalella curvispina in runoff events following chlorpyrifos applications to soy experimental plots was compared in conventional and no-till management. Two application scenarios were compared: an early-season application with the soil almost bare and a late-season application after the foliage had attained complete soil cover. H. curvispina was exposed to chlorpyrifos using two different test systems: a short-term (48 h) runoff water exposure and a long-term (10 days) soil exposure. Both commonly used crop management practices for soybean production resulted in runoff toxicity following pesticide applications and represent a toxicity risk for adjacent inland waters. Toxicity persistence was longer after the earlier than the late season application, likely because of higher volatilization and photodecomposition losses from the soy canopy than from the soil. For the early-season application, toxicity persisted longer in the no-till plots than in the conventional tillage plots. Suspended matter was higher in the conventional treatment. Chlorpyrifos sorption to suspended matter likely contributed to the shorter persistence. For the late-season application, toxicity persisted longer in the conventional treatment. The causes remain conjectural. The soil organic carbon content was higher in the no-till treatment. Sorption to organic matter might have contributed to the shorter chlorpyrifos toxicity persistence in no-till management. Late applications are more frequent and prevail longer throughout the soy growing season. Overall, the no-till management practice seems preferably because shorter toxicity persistence in runoff represents a lower environmental risk for the adjacent inland waters.
authors.affiliation: ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina. hernanmugni@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hernán
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mugni
authors.affiliation: ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paracampo
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CIMA, Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900, Argentina.|CONICET, Concejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Demetrio
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, Estación Experimental Julio Hirschhorn, Av. 66 y 168, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Martín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pardi
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CIMA, Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900, Argentina.|CIC, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bulus
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CIMA, Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900, Argentina.|CONICET, Concejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.affiliation: ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonetto
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D033304:Amphipoda; D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D013025:Glycine max; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004390:Chlorpyrifos