title: Is Chronic Pain a Disease in Its Own Right? Discussions from a Pre-OMERACT 2014 Workshop on Chronic Pain.
abstract: At the pain workshop held prior to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 conference, chronic nonmalignant pain (CP) as a "disease" was discussed, in response to growing interest in this concept and in terms of the effect on the OMERACT Filter 2.0 framework. CP is often assessed as a unidimensional outcome measure; however, if CP is a disease, then outcome measures need to define the disease state and identify all its manifestations as well as its effects, as specified by Filter 2.0. The aim was to write a discussion piece, reflecting the workshop contributions and debate, as an important step in opening a dialogue around future OMERACT Filter 2.0 Framework developments.
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC. Tayloram@cardiff.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC.
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC.
authors.forename: Justin O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC.
authors.forename: Jasvinder A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC.
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Conaghan
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC.
authors.forename: Ernest H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tugwell
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC.
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC.
authors.forename: Lee S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: From Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Barry Chiropractic Clinic, Cardiff; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.|A.M. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University; K. Phillips, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan; J.O. Taylor, BSc, Barry Chiropractic Clinic; P.G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; P.S. Tugwell, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; E.H. Choy, MD, FRCP, Cardiff University; U. Kaiser, Dr. rer. Nat. Dipl-Psych, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; P.J. Mease, MD, Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington; V. Strand, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University; L.S. Simon, SDG LLC.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mease
keywords: BIOMEDICAL; BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL; CENTRAL SENSITIZATION; OMERACT; RHEUMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS