title: Fatigue damage to pig erythrocytes during repeated swelling and shrinkage.
abstract: During the removal of cryoprotectants from cryopreserved-thawed blood with the dialysis-based or dilution-filtration method, due to the change in the extracellular osmolality, erythrocytes usually undergo repeated swelling and shrinkage. However, the erythrocyte fatigue damage induced by this repeated volume change has not yet been studied. In this work, by successively loading hypotonic and hypertonic solutions, we mimicked the repeated swelling and shrinkage of pig erythrocytes and then examined the effect of the number of cycle loops on the steady-state volume and the mortality of the pig erythrocytes. The results suggest that because of cell leakage in the swelling process, the steady-state volume of the pig erythrocytes after one cycle is smaller than the volume before the cycle, even though the cell performs a self-protective regulatory procedure. If the number of cycle loops is increased, the repeated swelling and shrinkage will cause a continuous decrease in the steady-state volume, and the ability of the pig erythrocytes to resist osmotic damage will decrease; as a result, the mortality of the pig erythrocytes increases as the number of cycle loops increases. The viability of the cells is also affected by the hypotonic and isotonic processing times: a short processing time may contribute to a decrease in the mortality of the pig erythrocytes. This work is of significance to optimizing the process of removing cryoprotectants.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China. Electronic address: wpdings@ustc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Sijie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
authors.forename: Fangqiong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000502:physiology; D048429:Cell Size; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000502:physiology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009996:Osmotic Fragility; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents
keywords: Cryoprotectant; Fatigue damage; Mortality; Pig erythrocyte; Swelling and shrinkage