title: Predictors of root resorption associated with maxillary canine impaction in panoramic images.
abstract: The aim was to identify a prediction model for root resorption (RR) caused by impacted canines based on radiographic variables assessed on 2D panoramic radiographs with the intention to reduce the need for additional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging.
  
  
  
  Three hundred and six patients (188 female, 118 male; mean age, 14.7 years; standard deviation, 5.6; range, 8.4-47.2 years) were included in the study. In total, 406 impacted maxillary canines were studied, from 206 patients with unilateral impaction and from 100 patients with bilateral impaction. Initial 2D panoramic radiography was available, and 3D CBCT imaging was obtained upon clinical indication. The generated radiographic variables and specific features investigated were collected on 2D panoramic imaging and were correlated to the presence/absence of RR detected on CBCT. A validation sample consisting of 55 canines from 45 patients with maxillary canine impactions was collected to validate the outcome of the present study.
  
  
  
  The incidence of RR of the adjacent teeth was 33.8%. A prediction model using panoramic images for the possible presence of RR was established [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.79] and validated by applying leave-one-out cross-validation (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66-0.77). For the subgroup of presence of severe RR the discriminative ability increased to 0.80. In this prediction model, patient gender, canine apex, vertical canine crown position, and canine magnification were the strongest predictors for RR.
  
  
  
  The final prediction model for RR based on available panoramic radiographs could be a helpful tool in justifying the need of additional CBCT examination.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, ****Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alqerban
authors.affiliation: **Department of Imaging and Pathology/OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, KU Leuven.
authors.forename: Reinhilde
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: ***Department of Public Health, KU Leuven and Universiteit Hasselt.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fieuws
authors.affiliation: ****Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium guy.willems@med.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Willems
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods*; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures; D055815:Young Adult