title: Plumbagin inhibits growth of gliomas in vivo via suppression of FOXM1 expression.
abstract: Plumbagin is a natural compound that is isolated from the root of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L. Based on a previous in vitro study performed by our group, which demonstrated the effectiveness of plumbagin against glioma cells, we further ascertained whether plumbagin exhibits the same effectiveness against glioma cell xenografts in nude mice. Our results revealed that tumor volume was reduced by 54.48% in the plumbagin-treated group compared with the controls. Furthermore, there were no obvious signs of toxicity as assessed by the organ sizes and cell morphologies of the mice that were treated with plumbagin. Immunoﬂuorescence assays further revealed that plumbagin significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Importantly, we also determined that the expressions of FOXM1 and its downstream target effectors, including cyclin D1 and Cdc25B, were down-regulated in the treated group, while the expressions of p21 and p27 were increased; the latter findings corroborate the results of our previous in vitro study. Taken together, these findings indicate that plumbagin may be a natural downregulator of FOXM1 with potential therapeutic effectiveness for the treatment of gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Mingshan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Huize
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Wenqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Shangfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xiuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: liuxuejiao0923@126.com.
authors.forename: Xuejiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: yu.rutong@163.com.
authors.forename: Rutong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008819:Mice, Nude; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D029606:Plumbaginaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C491524:Foxm1 protein, mouse; D009285:Naphthoquinones; C014758:plumbagin
keywords: Apoptosis; FOXM1; Glioma; Plumbagin; Proliferation