title: Risk factors for incident depression in patients at first acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: The association between depression and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is well-established and the first seems to impact meaningfully on cardiac prognosis. Nonetheless only a few studies have evaluated the relationship between incident depression, defined as new cases in patients with no history of depression, and ACS. Therefore the aim of this study is to analyse the risk factors of incident depression in a sample of patients who were presenting their first ACS. 304 consecutive patients were recruited. The presence of major (MD) and minor (md) depression was assessed with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), whereas its severity was evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Evaluations were collected both at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 month follow ups. Out of 304 subjects (80.6% males), MD was diagnosed in 15 (4.9%) and md in 25 patients (8.2%). At baseline risk factors for a post-ACS depressive disorder were being women (MD only), widowed (md only) and having mild anhedonic depressive symptoms few days after the ACS. Clinicians should keep in mind these variables when facing a patient at his/her first ACS, given the detrimental effect of depression on cardiac prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.ossola@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ossola
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelosi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Panfilis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tonna
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ardissino
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchesi
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Anxiety; Major depression; Minor depression; Positive affect; Widowed; Women