title: Ulcerative Colitis Symptomatology and Depression: The Exacerbator Role of Maladaptive Psychological Processes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have indicated that depressive symptomatology plays a pertinent role in the clinical recurrences of ulcerative colitis (UC). Due to the self-perpetuating cycle between UC symptomatology and depressive mood, it is considered that more investment should be given to the study of factors that influence depressive symptomatology in UC patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed therefore at analyzing the exacerbator effect of maladaptive psychological strategies, such as cognitive fusion and brooding, on the relationship between UC symptomatology and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample of the current study included 84 Portuguese patients with UC that completed an Internet-based survey (comprising demographic and medical questions, and self-report measures of depression, cognitive fusion, and brooding).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that UC symptomatology explained 21% of depression severity's variance. In addition, a significant interaction between UC symptomatology and cognitive fusion was found and explained 50% of depressive symptoms' severity. A similar interaction was revealed between UC symptomatology and brooding, which accounted for 42% of depression's variance. These findings demonstrated that, for the same level of UC symptomatology, those participants who revealed more cognitive fusion or more brooding presented significant higher levels of depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed cognitive fusion and brooding as moderators that exacerbate the impact of UC symptomatology on reported levels of depression. Psychological interventions that focus on the promotion of adaptive emotion regulation strategies to deal with adverse and stressful events should therefore be developed and implemented in UC patients' health care.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive and Behavioural Centre for Research and Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, Apartado 6153, 3001-802, Coimbra, Portugal. ines.almeidatrindade@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Inês A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Trindade
authors.affiliation: Cognitive and Behavioural Centre for Research and Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, Apartado 6153, 3001-802, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Cognitive and Behavioural Centre for Research and Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, Apartado 6153, 3001-802, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinto-Gouveia
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brooding; Cognitive fusion; Depression; Inflammatory bowel disease; Ulcerative colitis