title: Genomics of the honey bee microbiome.
abstract: The guts of honey bee workers contain a distinctive community of bacterial species. They are microaerophilic or anaerobic, and were not clearly deliniated by earlier studies relying on laboratory culture of isolates under atmospheric oxygen levels. Recently, a more complete picture of the potential metabolism and functions of these bacteria has been possible, using genomic approaches based on metagenomic samples, as well as cultured isolates. Of these, most are host-restricted and are generally absent outside adult guts. These species include both Gram negative groups, such asGilliamella apicolaandSnodgrassella alvi, and Gram positive groups such as certainLactobacillusandBifidobacteriumspecies. These gut bacterial species appear to have undergone long term coevolution with honey bee and, in some cases, bumble bee hosts. Prediction of gene functions from genome sequences suggests roles in nutrition, digestion, and potentially in defense against pathogens. In particular, genes for sugar utilization and carbohydrate breakdown are enriched inG. apicolaand theLactobacillusspecies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, NMS Building A5000, Austin, TX 78703, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Moran