title: Nandrolone decanoate induces cardiac and renal remodeling in female rats, without modification in physiological parameters: The role of ANP system.
abstract: Anabolic-androgenic steroids are misused, including women, but little is known about the cardiovascular effects of these drugs on females.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluated the effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND), physical exercise and estrogen deficiency on female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups: S and OVX: (SHAM: sham surgery; OVX: ovariectomy, vehicle), SE and OVXE (resistance exercise 5 times a week, vehicle), SD and OVXD (treated with ND, 20 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks); SDE and OVXDE. Treatments were initiated 21 days after surgery. The Bezold–Jarisch reflex was assessed by Phenylbiguanide administration. The right atrium, kidney, and serum were collected for molecular analyses by RT-PCR of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), A-type natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A) and NPR-C. ELISA assay to estradiol and testosterone concentrations. The gastrocnemius muscle, heart and kidney weights/tibia length were measured.Morphometric analysis of heart was made (H/E) and collagen content of heart and kidney were evaluated using Pirossirius Red.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ND treatment increased ANP expression on atrium and decreased NPR-A expression in kidney. Physical exercise and ovariectomy did not alter this parameter. NPR-C level was reduced in the SDE and OVXDE. Renal and cardiac hypertrophy was observed after ND treatment, with collagen deposition. Plasma estrogen concentrations were reduced and serum testosterone concentrations were increased after ND treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ANP has an important role in modulating the cardiovascular effects of ND in females. Thismodulating may have occurred by the increasing ANP expression, reducing NPR-A and NPR-C expression levels, and changing sex hormone levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Girlandia Alexandre
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brasil
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ewelyne Miranda de
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrews Marques do
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Izabela Facco
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Caliman
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Institute of Espirito Santo, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Raquel Santos de
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro Sérgio Batista
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gláucia Rodrigues de
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adelina Martha dos
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tadeu Uggere de
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil. Electronic address: nazarebissoli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nazaré Souza
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Bissoli
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects; D001645:Biguanides / Q000494:pharmacology; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D001645:Biguanides; D004967:Estrogens; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D009277:Nandrolone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D003094:Collagen; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; C091715:atrial natriuretic factor receptor A; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate; C008846:phenyl biguanide
keywords: ANP; Cardiovascular system; Nandrolone decanoate; Resistive training; Sex hormones