title: Providing IoT Services in Smart Cities through Dynamic Augmented Reality Markers.
abstract: Smart cities are expected to improve the quality of life of citizens by relying on new paradigms, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and its capacity to manage and interconnect thousands of sensors and actuators scattered across the city. At the same time, mobile devices widely assist professional and personal everyday activities. A very good example of the potential of these devices for smart cities is their powerful support for intuitive service interfaces (such as those based on augmented reality (AR)) for non-expert users. In our work, we consider a scenario that combines IoT and AR within a smart city maintenance service to improve the accessibility of sensor and actuator devices in the field, where responsiveness is crucial. In it, depending on the location and needs of each service, data and commands will be transported by an urban communications network or consulted on the spot. Direct AR interaction with urban objects has already been described; it usually relies on 2D visual codes to deliver object identifiers (IDs) to the rendering device to identify object resources. These IDs allow information about the objects to be retrieved from a remote server. In this work, we present a novel solution that replaces static AR markers with dynamic markers based on LED communication, which can be decoded through cameras embedded in smartphones. These dynamic markers can directly deliver sensor information to the rendering device, on top of the object ID, without further network interaction.
authors.affiliation: AtlantTIC, Universidade de Vigo, Rúa Maxwell S/N, 36310 Vigo, Spain. dchaves@gradiant.org.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chaves-Diéguez
authors.affiliation: AtlantTIC, Universidade de Vigo, Rúa Maxwell S/N, 36310 Vigo, Spain. apellitero@gradiant.org.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pellitero-Rivero
authors.affiliation: Galician Research and Development Center in Advanced Telecommunications (GRADIANT), Edif. CITEXVI local 14, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain. dgarcia@gradiant.org.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García-Coego
authors.affiliation: AtlantTIC, Universidade de Vigo, Rúa Maxwell S/N, 36310 Vigo, Spain. javier@det.uvigo.es.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: González-Castaño
authors.affiliation: AtlantTIC, Universidade de Vigo, Rúa Maxwell S/N, 36310 Vigo, Spain. pedro@det.uvigo.es.
authors.forename: Pedro Salvador
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Galician Research and Development Center in Advanced Telecommunications (GRADIANT), Edif. CITEXVI local 14, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain. opineiro@gradiant.org.
authors.forename: Óscar
authors.initials: Ó
authors.lastname: Piñeiro-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Galician Research and Development Center in Advanced Telecommunications (GRADIANT), Edif. CITEXVI local 14, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain. xil@det.uvigo.es.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gil-Castiñeira
authors.affiliation: AtlantTIC, Universidade de Vigo, Rúa Maxwell S/N, 36310 Vigo, Spain. kike@det.uvigo.es.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costa-Montenegro
keywords: Internet of Things; augmented reality; sensors; smart city; visible light communication