title: To address emerging infections, we must invest in enduring systems: The kinetics and dynamics of health systems strengthening.
abstract: Clinical pharmacology uses foundational principles of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to address medication use spanning a continuum from molecules to the masses. In the realm of infectious diseases, PK/PD attributes are considered especially important, because subtherapeutic dosing of antibiotics has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes in patients and increased incidences of drug resistance in populations. In consideration of these PK/PD principles, we will describe the analogous relationship between health systems strengthening, including for educating healthcare providers about emerging infections, and the tenets of therapeutic drug monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pastakia
authors.affiliation: Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Njuguna
authors.affiliation: Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Brock
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005544:Forecasting; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents