title: Association between serum uric acid, aortic, carotid and femoral stiffness among adults aged 40-75 years without and with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Maastricht Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arterial stiffness may be a mechanism to explain the association between uric acid and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to analyse associations between serum uric acid and regional and local arterial stiffness, and assess potential differences related to sex and glucose metabolism status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed in 614 adults [52.6% men; mean age 58.7 ± 8.5 years; 23.2% type 2 diabetes mellitus (by design)] from The Maastricht Study. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), distensibility, and compliance coefficient of the carotid and femoral artery, and carotid artery Young's elastic modulus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher uric acid (per SD of 74 μmol/l) was associated with greater stiffness indicated by a significantly higher cfPWV [β = 0.216 (95% confidence interval 0.061, 0.372); P = 0.006] and lower carotid distensibility coefficient [β = -0.633 (95% confidence interval -1.099, -0.166); P = 0.008] after adjustment for sex, age, and glucose metabolism status. Associations lost significance after adjusting for mean arterial pressure, BMI, waist, smoking status, heart rate, total : high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, use of lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and diabetes medication, and use of secondary uricosurics. No associations were found between uric acid and carotid compliance coefficient, carotid Young's elastic modulus, or stiffness of the femoral artery. A significant interaction (P < 0.10) with glucose metabolism status was found for cfPWV. However, none of the stratified associations were significant. There was no interaction with sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uric acid was not significantly associated with stiffness of the aorta, or the carotid or femoral artery among adults aged 40-75 years without and with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre bCAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University cDepartment of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre dCARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases eNUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism fDepartment of Social Medicine gDepartment of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: José M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wijnands
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boonen
authors.forename: Thomas T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: van Sloten
authors.forename: Miranda T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Schram
authors.forename: Simone J S
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sep
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: Carla J H
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van der Kallen
authors.forename: Ronald M A
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Pieter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Dagnelie
authors.forename: Coen D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.forename: Sjef
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Linden
authors.forename: Ilja C W
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Arts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D003187:Compliance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014527:Uric Acid