title: Responses of human dental pulp cells after application of a low-concentration bleaching gel to enamel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a 17.5% H2O2 gel on the odontoblastic differentiation capability of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The bleaching gel was applied for 45, 15 or 5min to enamel/dentine discs adapted to transwells, positioned over previously cultured HDPCs. In the control group, no treatment was performed on the discs. Immediately after samples were bleached, the cell viability (MTT assay) and death (Live/Dead assay) as well as the mRNA gene expression of inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2; real-time PCR) were evaluated. The mRNA gene expression of odontoblastic markers (DMP-1, DSPP, and ALP) and mineralized nodule deposition (alizarin red) were assessed at 7, 14 and 21 days post-bleaching. The amount of H2O2 in contact with cells was quantified. Data were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant cell viability reduction and cell death were observed for bleached groups relative to control in a time-dependent fashion. Also, significant overexpression of all inflammatory mediators tested occurred in the 45- and 15-min groups. In the bleached groups, the expression of ALP, DMP-1, and DSPP and the deposition of mineralized nodules were reduced in comparison with those in the control group, at the initial periods (7 and 14 days). However, the 15- and 5-min groups reached values similar to those in the control group at the 21-day period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 17.5% H2O2 gel was cytotoxic to pulp cells; however, cells subjected to short-term bleaching are capable of expressing the odontoblastic phenotype over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathology, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Humaitá Street 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diana G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Humaitá Street 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Humaitá Street 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora Salles
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Scheffel
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Humaitá Street 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josimeri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hebling
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathology, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Humaitá Street 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: casouzac@foar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Souza Costa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D005782:Gels; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014073:Tooth Bleaching
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Dental pulp; Differentiation; Hydrogen peroxide; Odontoblasts; Tooth bleaching