title: Residual veterinary antibiotics in pig excreta after oral administration of sulfonamides.
abstract: Sulfonamides (SAs) are applied widely as feed additives in the farming of livestock and poultry. It can lead to the excretion of large amounts of SAs in manure and result in persistent environmental pollution. We evaluated the fate of four SAs, sulfamerazine (SM1), sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfadimoxine (SDM') and sulfaquinoxaline (SQ), from oral administration to excretion in urine and feces in pigs. The four SAs were added to homemade feed to make them reach the required concentration gradient, which were 0, 50 and 100 mg/kg (low, normal and high concentrations, respectively). In different treatments, excretions of the four SAs were 35.68-86.88 %. With regard to total excretion, the order was SQ > SCP > SM1 > SDM' for all treatments. The concentration of SAs in the feed had significant effects on the amount of the four SAs excreted every day. The concentration of SAs in feces and in the urine for different treatments was 15.03-26.55 and 14.54-69.22 %, respectively. In each treatment, excretions of SCP, SDM' and SQ in feces were lower than that in urine. The four SAs remained longer in urine than in feces. Excretions in urine and feces were lower if SAs were administered orally rather than by injection.
authors.affiliation: South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment Protection of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
authors.forename: Jinrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment Protection of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, China.|College of Resource and Environment, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment Protection of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, China.|College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Qingyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning, 530022, China.
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment Protection of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
authors.forename: Dechun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment Protection of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
authors.forename: Genyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Resource and Environment, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Yongtao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Resource and Environment, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
authors.forename: Chengai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment Protection of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, China. xuzhencheng@scies.org.
authors.forename: Zhencheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D013552:Swine; D014730:Veterinary Medicine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides
keywords: Excretion; Oral absorption; Pigs; Residual; Sulfonamides