title: Programmable wireless light-emitting diode stimulator for chronic stimulation of optogenetic molecules in freely moving mice.
abstract: We produced a miniaturized, multicode, multiband, and programmable light-emitting diode (LED) stimulator for wireless control of optogenetic experiments. The LED stimulator is capable of driving three independent LEDs upon reception of an infrared (IR) signal generated by a custom-made IR transmitter. Individual LED photopulse patterns are assigned to different codes of the IR signals (up to 256 codes). The photopulse patterns can be programmed in the on-board microcontroller by specifying the parameters of duration ([Formula: see text]), frequency ([Formula: see text]), and pulse width ([Formula: see text]). The IR signals were modulated at multiple carrier frequencies to establish multiband IR transmission. Using these devices, we could remotely control the moving direction of a Thy1-ChR2-YFP transgenic mouse by transcranially illuminating the corresponding hemisphere of the primary motor cortex. IR transmitter and LED stimulator will be particularly useful in experiments where free movement or patterned concurrent stimulation is desired, such as testing social communication of rodents.
authors.affiliation: Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Fitdesign LLC. , 6-2-24-102, Chuo-Rinkan, Yamato, Kanagawa 242-0007, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.affiliation: Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuron-Glia Circuitry , RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirase
keywords: channelrhodopsin-2; infrared; light-emitting diode; motor cortex; optogenetics; wireless