title: Cognitive function in preschool children with sleep-disordered breathing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to assess cognitive functions in preschool children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and to compare them with matched control children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A clinical sample of 2.5- to 6-year-old children with SDB was recruited. All children underwent sleep clinical record (SCR), which is a polysomnography (PSG)-validated questionnaire for diagnosing SDB, a polysomnography and a neurocognitive assessment. Normal controls were recruited from a kindergarten. They underwent the SCR and the cognitive assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 41 children with primary snoring (PS)-mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS; M/F = 15/26, mean age 4.43 ± 0.94), 36 children with moderate-severe OSAS (M/F = 22/14, mean age 4.33 ± 1.02), and 83 controls (M/F = 33/50, mean age 4.5 ± 0.64). In the two groups, no differences were found in duration and age of onset of SDB, while a significant difference emerged in SCR score (p < 0.005). No differences emerged in the three groups in Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Global IQ scores, nor in any cognitive subtests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that SDB of all severities is not associated with cognitive impairment compared to the control group in preschool age.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pietropaoli
authors.affiliation: Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Supino
authors.affiliation: Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ottavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vitelli
authors.affiliation: Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Jole
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rabasco
authors.affiliation: Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evangelisti
authors.affiliation: Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forlani
authors.affiliation: Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.affiliation: Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Disease Centre, Child Neurology, NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 4, Rome, Italy. mariapia.villa@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Villa
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017286:Polysomnography; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Cognitive assessment; Intelligence quotient; Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; Preschool children; Sleep-disordered breathing