title: CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase: Function, regulation, and structure of an amphitropic enzyme required for membrane biogenesis.
abstract: CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) catalyzes a rate-limiting and regulated step in the CDP-choline pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PC-derived lipids. Control of CCT activity is multi-layered, and includes direct regulation by reversible membrane binding involving a built-in lipid compositional sensor. Thus CCT contributes to phospholipid compositional homeostasis. CCT also modifies the curvature of its target membrane. Knowledge of CCT structure and regulation of its catalytic function are relatively advanced compared to many lipid metabolic enzymes, and are reviewed in detail. Recently the genetic origins of two human developmental and lipogenesis disorders have been traced to mutations in the gene for CCTα.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and the Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A-1S6, Canada. Electronic address: cornell@sfu.ca.
authors.forename: Rosemary B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4H7, Canada.
authors.forename: Neale D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ridgway
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase / Q000502:physiology*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D006801:Humans; D066292:Lipid Droplets / Q000378:metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D055495:Neurogenesis; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase
keywords: Amphipathic helix; Auto-inhibitory domain; Isoform functions; Lipid activators; Membrane translocation; Phosphatidylcholine metabolism