title: Antimicrobial Analysis of an Antiseptic Made from Ethanol Crude Extracts of P. granatum and E. uniflora in Wistar Rats against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical site infection remains a challenge for hospital infection control, especially when it relates to skin antisepsis in the surgical site.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the antimicrobial activity in vivo of an antiseptic from ethanol crude extracts of P. granatum and E. uniflora against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Agar drilling and minimal inhibitory tests were conducted for in vitro evaluation. In the in vivo bioassay were used Wistar rats and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 14990). Statistical analysis was performed through variance analysis and Scott-Knott cluster test at 5% probability and significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the in vitro, ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum and Eugenia uniflora and their combination showed the best antimicrobial potential against S. epidermidis and S. aureus. In the in vivo bioassay against S. epidermidis, there was no statistically significant difference between the tested product and the patterns used after five minutes of applying the product.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the originated product is an antiseptic alternative source against S. epidermidis compared to chlorhexidine gluconate. It is suggested that further researches are to be conducted in different concentrations of the test product, evaluating its effectiveness and operational costs.
authors.affiliation: The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Brazil ; School of Nursing and Pharmacy (ESENFAR), Campus A.C. Simões, Avenue Lourival Melo Mota, 101 North Km 97, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís Honório Lins
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.affiliation: The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Brazil ; School of Nursing and Pharmacy (ESENFAR), Campus A.C. Simões, Avenue Lourival Melo Mota, 101 North Km 97, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina Célia
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sales Santos Veríssimo
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Pharmacy (ESENFAR), Campus A.C. Simões, Avenue Lourival Melo Mota, 101 North Km 97, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valter
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alvino
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Pharmacy (ESENFAR), Campus A.C. Simões, Avenue Lourival Melo Mota, 101 North Km 97, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Gabriella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Silva Araujo
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Pharmacy (ESENFAR), Campus A.C. Simões, Avenue Lourival Melo Mota, 101 North Km 97, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raíssa Fernanda
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Evangelista Pires dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Brazil.
authors.forename: Max Denisson
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Maurício Viana
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Pharmacy (ESENFAR), Campus A.C. Simões, Avenue Lourival Melo Mota, 101 North Km 97, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Lysete
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Assis Bastos
authors.affiliation: The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Brazil ; Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Brazil.
authors.forename: Magna Suzana
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alexandre-Moreira
authors.affiliation: The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Brazil ; School of Nursing and Pharmacy (ESENFAR), Campus A.C. Simões, Avenue Lourival Melo Mota, 101 North Km 97, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Xavier
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: de Araújo-Júnior
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts