title: Bioconcentration of (15)N-tamoxifen at environmental concentration in liver, gonad and muscle of Danio rerio.
abstract: Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems. In addition to the direct ecotoxicological risk presented by certain PCs, others can accumulate inside organisms and along trophic webs, subsequently contaminating whole ecosystems. We studied the bioconcentration of a bioaccumulative PC already found several times in the environment: tamoxifen. To this end, we exposed Danio rerio for 21d to (15)N-tamoxifen concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10µg/L and used an analytic method based on stable isotopes to evaluate the tamoxifen content in these organisms. The evolution of the (15)N/(14)N ratio was thus measured in liver, muscle and gonads of exposed fish compared to control fish. We succeeded in quantifying (15)N-tamoxifen bioconcentrations at all the exposure concentrations tested. The highest bioconcentration factors of tamoxifen measured were 14,920 in muscle, 73,800 in liver and 85,600 in gonads of fish after 21d exposure at a nominal concentration of 10µg/L. However, these bioconcentration factors have to be considered as maximal values (BCFMAX). Indeed, despite its proven stability, tamoxifen can be potentially partially degraded during experiments. We now need to refine these results by using a direct analytic method (i.e. LC-MS/MS).
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France. Electronic address: frederic.orias@entpe.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orias
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mialdea
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors.forename: Angéline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clair
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brosselin
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, ENTPE, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Perrodin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D017753:Ecosystem; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013629:Tamoxifen
keywords: Bioconcentration; Danio rerio; Pharmaceuticals; Stable isotopes; Tamoxifen