title: Triglyceride sensing in the reward circuitry: A new insight in feeding behaviour regulation.
abstract: In both developed and emerging countries, sedentary life style and over exposition to high energy dense foods has led to a thermodynamic imbalance and consequently obesity. Obesity often involves a behavioural component in which, similar to drugs abuse, compulsive consumption of palatable food rich in lipids and sugar drives energy intake far beyond metabolic demands. The hypothalamus is one of the primary integration sites of circulating energy-related signals like leptin or ghrelin and is therefore considered as one of the main central regulators of energy balance. However, food intake is also modulated by sensory inputs, such as tastes and odours, as well as by affective or emotional states. The mesolimbic pathway is well established as a key actor of the rewarding aspect of feeding. Particularly, the hedonic and motivational aspects of food are closely tied to the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in striatal structure such as the Nucleus Accumbens (Nacc). In both rodent and humans several studies shows an attenuated activity of dopaminergic signal associated with obesity and there is evidence that consumption of palatable food per se leads to DA signalling alterations. Furthermore impaired cognition in obese mice is improved by selectively lowering triglycerides (TG) and intracerebroventricular administration of TG induces by itself acquisition impairment in several cognitive paradigms in normal body weight mice. Together, these observations raise the possibility that nutritional lipids, particularly TG, directly affect cognitive and reward processes by modulating the mesolimbic pathway and might contribute to the downward spiral of compulsive consumption of palatable food and obesity. This review is an attempt to capture recent evolution in the field that might point toward a direct action of nutritional lipid in the reward circuitry.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, 4 rue Marie-Andree Lagroua Weill-Halle, Batiment Buffon, 5e étage, pièce 512A, Case Courrier 7126, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, United Kingdom. Electronic address: c.cansell@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cansell
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, 4 rue Marie-Andree Lagroua Weill-Halle, Batiment Buffon, 5e étage, pièce 512A, Case Courrier 7126, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. Electronic address: serge.luquet@univ-paris-diderot.fr.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luquet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Feeding behaviour; Lipoprotein lipase; Obesity; Reward; Triglycerides