title: Echocardiographic Findings Predict In-Hospital and 1-Year Mortality in Left-Sided Native Valve Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: Analysis From the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Echo Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Staphylococcus aureus left-sided native valve infective endocarditis (LNVIE) has higher complication and mortality rates compared with endocarditis from other pathogens. Whether echocardiographic variables can predict prognosis in S aureus LNVIE is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consecutive patients with LNVIE, enrolled between January 2000 and September 2006, in the International Collaboration on Endocarditis were identified. Subjects without S aureus IE were matched to those with S aureus IE by the propensity of having S aureus. Survival differences were determined using log-rank significance tests. Independent echocardiographic predictors of mortality were identified using Cox-proportional hazards models that included inverse probability of treatment weighting and surgery as a time-dependent covariate. Of 727 subjects with LNVIE and 1-year follow-up, 202 had S aureus IE. One-year survival rates were significantly lower for patients with S aureus IE overall (57% S aureus IE versus 80% non-S aureus IE; P<0.001) and in the propensity-matched cohort (59% S aureus IE versus 68% non-S aureus IE; P<0.05). Intracardiac abscess (hazard ratio, 2.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-5.40; P<0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction <40% (odds ratio, 3.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-6.04; P=0.004) were the only independent echocardiographic predictors of in-hospital mortality in S aureus LNVIE. Valve perforation (hazard ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.68; P=0.006) and intracardiac abscess (hazard ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-3.78; P=0.004) were the only independent predictors of 1-year mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S aureus is an independent predictor of 1-year mortality in subjects with LNVIE. In S aureus LNVIE, intracardiac abscess and left ventricular ejection fraction <40% independently predicted in-hospital mortality and intracardiac abscess and valve perforation independently predicted 1-year mortality.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Trine K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lauridsen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Steven Y C
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Selton-Suty
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cecchi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paré
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Syahidah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dickerman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Arnold S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Magnus C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Vivian H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Zainab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Samad
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Niels E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Bruun
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.).
authors.forename: Vance G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.K.L., L.P., V.H.C., Z.S., V.G.F., A.L.C.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.K.L., N.E.B.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S.Y.C.T.); Department of Cardiology, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France (C.S.-S.); Department of Medicine, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy (E.C.); Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (L.A.); Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France (G.H.); Department of Cardiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (C.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (S.T.); Department of Medicine, New York University (S.D.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, University of California, Los Angeles (A.S.B.); Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (M.C.J.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (V.H.C., V.G.F., A.L.C.); and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (N.E.B.). annalisa.crowley@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Anna Lisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Crowley
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
keywords: echocardiography; endocarditis; odds ratio; risk factors; survival analysis