title: Monitoring As and Hg variation in An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNH) intermediates in a pilot scale blending process using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
abstract: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to assess the cinnabar and realgar blending of An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNH) in a pilot-scale experiment, including the blending end-point. The blending variability of two mineral medicines, cinnabar and realgar, were measured by signal relative intensity changing rate (RICR) and moving window standard deviation (MWSD) based on LIBS. Meanwhile, relative concentration changing rate (RCCR) was obtained based on the reference method involving inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The LIBS result was consistent with ICP-OES at blending end-point determinations of both mineral medicines. Unlike the ICP-OES method, LIBS does not have an elaborate digestion procedure. LIBS is a promising and rapid technique to understand the blending process of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) containing cinnabar and realgar. These results demonstrate the potential of LIBS in monitoring CMM pharmaceutical production.
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100102, China; Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of TCM of Ministry of Education, 100102, China; Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing 100102, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Xiaona
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100102, China; Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of TCM of Ministry of Education, 100102, China; Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing 100102, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100102, China; Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of TCM of Ministry of Education, 100102, China; Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing 100102, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100102, China; Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of TCM of Ministry of Education, 100102, China; Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing 100102, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Xinyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100102, China; Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of TCM of Ministry of Education, 100102, China; Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing 100102, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100102, China; Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of TCM of Ministry of Education, 100102, China; Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing 100102, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China. Electronic address: wzs@bucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhisheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100102, China; Pharmaceutical Engineering and New Drug Development of TCM of Ministry of Education, 100102, China; Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineering of State Administration of TCM, Beijing 100102, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China. Electronic address: yjqiao@263.net.
authors.forename: Yanjiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D001152:Arsenicals / Q000032:analysis*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007834:Lasers; D017669:Mercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D017669:Mercury Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; C000594495:an-gong-niu-huang wan; C058317:arsenic disulfide; C034211:cinnabar
keywords: An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNH); Blending; ICP-OES; LIBS; Mineral medicine