title: Prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen in men with Parkinson's disease are not different compared to age-matched control group: A prospective, case-controlled multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from gait disturbance as well as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). There have been no reports that evaluated the prostate volume (PV) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of patients with PD. In this study, we prospectively evaluated PV and PSA in men with PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 2009 to January 2012, 60 PD patients and 60 age-matched non-PD patients with LUTS enrolled at three centers in Korea. All participants (PD as well as non-PD patients) had LUTS at presentation. We measured the PV using a transrectal ultrasonography and checked the serum PSA level in patients with PD and their non-PD counterparts, who served as the age-matched control group, and then compared the data of both groups. Patients with abnormal digital rectal examination results and/or serum PSA levels >4.0 ng/mL underwent prostate biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 71.37 ± 7.36 years and 70.85 ± 6.31 years for PD and non-PD patients (P = 0.651), respectively. There were no significant statistical differences between the two groups in terms of total PV (28.56 ± 14.59 in PD vs. 29.21 ± 10.41 in non-PD, P = 0.727), transition zone PV (12.72 ± 8.76 vs. 12.73 ± 6.68, P = 0.993), and total serum PSA (1.88 ± 2.80 vs. 2.01 ± 2.02, P = 0.759). In the PD group, seven patients had PSA levels >4.0 ng/mL (range, 4.12-11.18 ng/mL). Among these patients, prostate cancer (PC) was detected in two patients. In the non-PD group, PSA levels >4.0 ng/mL were detected in nine patients (range, 4.16-8.28 ng/mL). Among these patients, PC was detected in three patients. The PC occurrence rate was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that a neurologic lesion causing PD does not affect PV and PSA. As both groups have a similar PC occurrence rate, it is clear that prostate evaluation is necessary for PD as well as non-PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Seob
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Woo
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Chol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Kwan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Beom
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Jeong
keywords: Parkinson's disease; Prostate volume; Prostate-specific antigen