title: Choroidal physiology and primary angle closure disease.
abstract: Primary angle closure disease (PACD), prevalent in Asian countries, is generally associated with a shallower anterior chamber, a shorter axial length, thicker lens, hyperopia, and female sex. Other physiologic factors, however, may be important, especially with regard to triggering acute primary angle closure. Thickening of the choroid has been demonstrated in untreated and treated, acute and chronic PACD eyes. Recently, there has been growing interest in studying the role of the choroid in the pathophysiology of PACD. The emergence of new imaging technology such as the enhanced depth imaging mode of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and swept-source optical coherence tomography has contributed to understanding PACD pathologies. We summarize the functions of the choroid and choroidal changes in the pathogenesis of PACD, and discuss potential future developments.
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: zhangxl2@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiulan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Seegartenklinik, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jost B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ningli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002829:Choroid / Q000502:physiology*; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
keywords: angle-closure glaucoma; choroidal thickness; glaucoma; optical coherence tomography; pathogenesis