title: Efficacy of Recombinant Canine Distemper Virus Expressing Leishmania Antigen against Leishmania Challenge in Dogs.
abstract: Canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccination confers long-term protection against CDV reinfection. To investigate the utility of CDV as a polyvalent vaccine vector for Leishmania, we generated recombinant CDVs, based on an avirulent Yanaka strain, that expressed Leishmania antigens: LACK, TSA, or LmSTI1 (rCDV-LACK, rCDV-TSA, and rCDV-LmSTI1, respectively). Dogs immunized with rCDV-LACK were protected against challenge with lethal doses of virulent CDV, in the same way as the parental Yanaka strain. To evaluate the protective effects of the recombinant CDVs against cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs, dogs were immunized with one recombinant CDV or a cocktail of three recombinant CDVs, before intradermal challenge (in the ears) with infective-stage promastigotes of Leishmania major. Unvaccinated dogs showed increased nodules with ulcer formation after 3 weeks, whereas dogs immunized with rCDV-LACK showed markedly smaller nodules without ulceration. Although the rCDV-TSA- and rCDV-LmSTI1-immunized dogs showed little protection against L. major, the cocktail of three recombinant CDVs more effectively suppressed the progression of nodule formation than immunization with rCDV-LACK alone. These results indicate that recombinant CDV is suitable for use as a polyvalent live attenuated vaccine for protection against both CDV and L. major infections in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kooriyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doki
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Immunology, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Immunology, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chizu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanjoba
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiyuki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.affiliation: Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukiyama-Kohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Immunology, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D014765:Viral Vaccines