title: Health Professional Advice and Adult Action to Reduce Sodium Intake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Excessive sodium intake is a key modifiable risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Although 95% of U.S. adults exceed intake recommendations, knowledge is limited regarding whether doctor or health professional advice motivates patients to reduce intake. Our objectives were to describe the prevalence and determinants of taking action to reduce sodium, and to test whether receiving advice was associated with action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses, conducted in 2014, used data from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey representative of non-institutionalized adults. Respondents (n=173,778) from 26 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico used the new optional sodium module. We estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) based on average marginal predictions, accounting for the complex survey design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three percent of adults reported taking action to reduce sodium intake. Prevalence of action was highest among adults who received advice (83%), followed by adults taking antihypertensive medications, adults with diabetes, adults with kidney disease, or adults with a history of cardiovascular disease (range, 73%-75%), and lowest among adults aged 18-24 years (29%). Overall, 23% of adults reported receiving advice to reduce sodium intake. Receiving advice was associated with taking action (prevalence ratio=1.59; 95% CI=1.56, 1.61), independent of sociodemographic and health characteristics, although some disparities were observed across race/ethnicity and BMI categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that more than half of U.S. adults in 26 states and two territories are taking action to reduce sodium intake, and doctor or health professional advice is strongly associated with action.
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia;; Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Chamblee, Georgia. Electronic address: sljackson@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Chamblee, Georgia.
authors.forename: Sallyann M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Coleman King
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Chamblee, Georgia.
authors.forename: Soyoun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Chamblee, Georgia.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Chamblee, Georgia.
authors.forename: Erika C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Odom
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Chamblee, Georgia.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cogswell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D015995:Prevalence; D057566:Self Report; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary