title: Trichoderma viride induces pathogenesis related defense response against rot pathogen infection in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.).
abstract: The study examine induction of defense enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid pathway and accumulation of pathogenesis related proteins in rot pathogen (Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem) challenged groundnut seedlings in response to Trichoderma viride JAU60. Seeds of five groundnut varieties differing in collar rot susceptibility were sown under non-infested, pathogen infested and pathogen+T. viride JAU60 seed treatment. Collar rot disease evident between 31.0% (J-11, GG-2) and 67.4% (GG-20) in different groundnut varieties under pathogen infested which was significantly reduced from 58.1% (J-11, GG-2) to 51.6% (GG-20) by Trichoderma treatment. The specific activities of polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.14.18.1) and β-1,3 glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) elevated 3.5 and 2.3-fold, respectively, at 3 days; phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) evident 1.6-fold higher at 6 days; and chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) sustained 2.3-2.8 folds up to 9 days in Trichoderma treated+pathogen infested seedlings of tolerant varieties (J-11, GG-2) compared with moderate and susceptible (GAUG-10, GG-13, GG-20). T. viride JAU60 induces defense enzymes in a different way for tolerant and susceptible varieties to combat the disease. This study indicates the synergism activation of defense enzymes under the pathogenic conditions or induced resistance by T. viride JAU60 in a different groundnut varieties susceptible to collar rot disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat 362 001, India. Electronic address: harsukhgajera@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Gajera
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat 362 001, India.
authors.forename: Disha D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Savaliya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat 362 001, India.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat 362 001, India.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Golakiya
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000502:physiology; D060467:Disease Resistance; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Groundnut; Induced resistance; Pathogenesis related enzymes; Phenylpropanoid enzymes; Rot pathogen