title: [Thought Experiments of Economic Surplus: Science and Economy in Ernst Mach's Epistemology].
abstract: Thought Experiments of Economic Surplus: Science and Economy in Ernst Mach's Epistemology. Thought experiments are an important element in Ernst Mach's epistemology: They facilitate amplifying our knowledge by experimenting with thoughts; they thus exceed the empirical experience and suspend the quest for immediate utility. In an economical perspective, Mach suggested that thought experiments depended on the production of an economic surplus based on the division of labor relieving the struggle for survival of the individual. Thus, as frequently emphasized, in Mach's epistemology, not only the 'economy of thought' is an important feature; instead, also the socioeconomic conditions of science play a decisive role. The paper discusses the mental and social economic aspects of experimental thinking in Mach's epistemology and examines those within the contemporary evolutionary, physiological, and economic contexts.
authors.affiliation: ETH Zürich, RZ, Professur für Wissenschaftsforschung, Clausiusstraße 59, CH-8092 Zürich. monika.wulz@wiss.gess.ethz.ch.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wulz
mesh_terms: D004467:Economics / Q000266:history*; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D019359:Knowledge; D010684:Philosophy / Q000266:history*; D012106:Research / Q000266:history*; D012586:Science / Q000266:history*; D013850:Thinking
keywords: Denkökonomie; Gedankenexperimente; Grundsicherung; Herrmann, Emanuel; Mach, Ernst; Popper-Lynkeus, Josef; Ressourcen; Sozioökonomie; Sparsamkeit; Umweg; austerity; basic social care; detour; economy of thought; resources; socioeconomics; surplus; thought experiments; Überschuss