title: Novel recycle technology for recovering rare metals (Ga, In) from waste light-emitting diodes.
abstract: This work develops a novel process of recycling rare metals (Ga, In) from waste light-emitting diodes using the combination of pyrolysis, physical disaggregation methods and vacuum metallurgy separation. Firstly, the pure chips containing InGaN/GaN are adopted to study the vacuum separation behavior of rare metals, which aims to provide the theoretical foundation for recycling gallium and indium from waste light-emitting diodes. In order to extract the rare-metal-rich particles from waste light-emitting diodes, pyrolysis and physical disaggregation methods (crushing, screening, grinding and secondly screening) are studied respectively, and the operating parameters are optimized. With low boiling points and high saturation vapor pressures under vacuum, gallium and indium are separated from rare-metal-rich particles by the process of evaporation and condensation. By reference to the separating parameters of pure chips, gallium and indium in waste light-emitting diodes are recycled with the recovery efficiencies of 93.48% and 95.67% under the conditions as follows: heating temperature of 1373 K, vacuum pressure of 0.01-0.1 Pa, and holding time of 60 min. There are no secondary hazardous materials generated in the whole processes. This work provides an efficient and environmentally friendly process for recycling rare metals from waste light-emitting diodes.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Fafa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiuyu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Xishu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China. Electronic address: bxie@des.ecnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
keywords: Gallium; Indium; Recycle; Waste LEDs