title: Modulation of cytokines and chemokines expression by NAC in cadmium chloride treated human lung cells.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd), is one of the most hazardous metals found in the environment. Cd exposure through inhalation has been linked to various diseases in lungs. It was shown that Cd induces proinflammatory cytokines through oxidative stress mechanism. In this report, we studied the immunomodulatory effect of a well known antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treated human lung A549 cells through human cytokine array 6. The lung cells were treated with 0 or 75 µM CdCl2alone, 2.5 mM NAC alone, or co-treated with 2.5 mM NAC and 75 µM CdCl2for 24 h. The viability of cells was measured by crystal violet dye. The array results were validated by human IL-1alpha enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The viability of the 75 µM CdCl2alone treated cells was decreased to 44.5%, while the viability of the co-treated cells with 2.5 mM NAC was increased to 84.1% in comparison with untreated cells. In the cell lysate of CdCl2alone treated cells, 19 and 8 cytokines were up and down-regulated, while in the medium 15 and 3 cytokines were up and downregulated in comparison with the untreated cells. In the co-treated cells, all these cytokines expression was modulated by the NAC treatment. The IL-1α ELISA result showed the same pattern of cytokine expression as the cytokine array. This study clearly showed the modulatory effect of NAC on cytokines and chemokines expression in CdCl2-treated cells and suggests the use of NAC as protective agent against cadmium toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1612-1619, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. caroline.odewumi@famu.edu.
authors.forename: Caroline O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Odewumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Lekan M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Latinwo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ruden
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Veera L D
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Badisa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fils-Aime
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Ramesh B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Badisa
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000032:analysis; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; C508584:IL1A protein, human; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D020011:Protective Agents; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: NAC; cadmium; cytokines; human lung cells; immune-modulation