title: Knee adduction moment relates to medial femoral and tibial cartilage morphology in clinical knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: The objective was to determine the extent to which the external peak knee adduction moment (KAM) and cumulative knee adductor load explained variation in medial cartilage morphology of the tibia and femur in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Sixty-two adults with clinical knee OA participated (61.5 ± 6.2 years). To determine KAM, inverse dynamics was applied to motion and force data of walking. Cumulative knee adductor load reflected KAM impulse and loading frequency. Loading frequency was captured from an accelerometer. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired with a coronal fat-saturated sequence using a 1.0 T peripheral scanner. Scans were segmented for medial cartilage volume, surface area of the bone-cartilage interface, and thickness. Forward linear regressions assessed the relationship of loading variables with cartilage morphology unadjusted, then adjusted for covariates. In the medial tibia, age and peak KAM explained 20.5% of variance in mean cartilage thickness (p<0.001). Peak KAM alone explained 12.3% of the 5th percentile of medial tibial cartilage thickness (i.e., thinnest cartilage region) (p=0.003). In the medial femur, sex, BMI, age, and peak KAM explained 44% of variance in mean cartilage thickness, with peak KAM contributing 7.9% (p<0.001). 20.7% of variance in the 5th percentile of medial femoral cartilage thickness was explained by BMI and peak KAM (p=0.001). In these models, older age, female sex, greater BMI, and greater peak KAM related with thinner cartilage. Models of KAM impulse produced similar results. In knee OA, KAM peak and impulse, but not loading frequency, were associated with cartilage thickness of the medial tibia and femur.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. Electronic address: mmaly@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: Monica R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Maly
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
authors.forename: Stacey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Acker
authors.affiliation: Qmetrics Technologies, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Saara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Totterman
authors.affiliation: Qmetrics Technologies, Rochester, NY, USA; Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tamez-Peña
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Stratford
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
authors.forename: Jack P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Callaghan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton , Canada.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton , Canada.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Beattie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology*; D016138:Walking; D016474:Weight-Bearing
keywords: Arthritis; Articular; Cartilage; Knee joint; Locomotion