title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in newly diagnosed patients with Human immunodeficiency virus in Ilorin, Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) the causative agent of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an important cause of renal diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. There is paucity of studies on the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with HIV/AIDS in the North-Central zone of Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study of 227 newly-diagnosed, antiretroviral naïve patients with HIV/AIDS seen at the HIV clinic of the Medical Out-patient Department (MOPD) of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH). They were matched with 108 control group. Laboratory investigations were performed for the participants. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) > 30 mg/g.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 100 (44%) males among the patients and 47 (43.5%) among the control group. The mean ages of the patients and controls were 40.3 ± 10.3 years and 41.8 ± 9.5 years respectively. CKD was observed in 108 (47.6%) among the patients and 18 (16.7%) of the controls (p = 0.01). The median CD4 T-cell count was significantly lower in patients with CKD. Ninety-three (41.0%) of the patients had dipstick proteinuria of > 2 +. The median albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) was significantly higher among the HIV-positive patients (272.3 mg/g) compared with the HIV-negative controls (27.22 mg/g) p = 0.01. The CD4 T-cell count correlates positively with eGFR (r = 0.463, p = 0.001) and negatively with ACR (r = -0.806, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CKD is very common among patients with HIV/AIDS in Ilorin. Screening and early intervention for CKD should be part of the protocols in the management of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Ekiti State University, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Dada Samuel
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ayokunle
authors.affiliation: University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olanrewaju Timothy
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Olusegun
authors.affiliation: University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Aderibigbe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ademola
authors.affiliation: University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Chijioke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adindu
authors.affiliation: Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Rafiu Mojeed
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Olaitan
authors.affiliation: Ekiti State University, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ajayi Akande
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Oladimeji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*