title: Physical properties of ebony seed (Pithecellobium flexicaule) and functional properties of whole and defatted ebony seed meal.
abstract: A partial characterization was done of ebony (Pithecellobium flexicaule) seed physical properties, and how defatting affected some functional properties of ebony seed meal. Average seed dimensions were 13.02 mm length, 8.78 mm width and 9.65 mm thickness. Geometric diameter was 10.76 mm, volume was 530 mm(3), surface area was 364.33 mm(2), sphericity was 83.26 % and aspect ratio was 68.24 %. Thousand-seed weight was 0.70 Kg, of which 0.42 Kg (60 %) represented the kernel. Defatted ebony seed meal differed from whole meal in all measured parameters, particularly in its protein (44.72 g/100 g) and carbohydrates (44.12 g/100 g) proportions. The defatted meal had higher water absorption capacity (1.28 g/g sample), water solubility capacity (26.06 %), oil absorption capacity (2.04 g/g sample), emulsifying capacity (53.78 %) and gelling capacity (8 % w/v) than the whole meal. Ebony seed physical properties may prove useful in designing post-harvest processing equipment and in quality control. The high protein content of defatted ebony seed meal suggests its use as a natural alternative ingredient in numerous food industry applications.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Av. Dr. Víctor Bravo Ahuja S/N, Col. 5 de Mayo, 68350 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca Mexico.
authors.forename: Betsabé
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hernández-Santos
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Col. Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Durango Mexico.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santiago-Adame
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Col. Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Durango Mexico.
authors.forename: Ricardo O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Navarro-Cortéz
authors.affiliation: Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del conocimiento, ICBI-UAEH, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Col. Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Pachuca, Hidalgo Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gómez-Aldapa
authors.affiliation: Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del conocimiento, ICBI-UAEH, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Col. Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Pachuca, Hidalgo Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castro-Rosas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Av. Dr. Víctor Bravo Ahuja S/N, Col. 5 de Mayo, 68350 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca Mexico.
authors.forename: Cecilia E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Martínez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Av. Dr. Víctor Bravo Ahuja S/N, Col. 5 de Mayo, 68350 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca Mexico.
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vivar-Vera
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Av. Dr. Víctor Bravo Ahuja S/N, Col. 5 de Mayo, 68350 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca Mexico.
authors.forename: Erasmo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herman-Lara
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Av. Dr. Víctor Bravo Ahuja S/N, Col. 5 de Mayo, 68350 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Miranda
keywords: Defatted; Ebony; Functional properties; Hexane; Meal; Pithecellobium flexicaule