title: Cuban Americans have the highest rates of peripheral arterial disease in diverse Hispanic/Latino communities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because Hispanic ethnicity in the United States is heterogeneous, the purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) within U.S. Hispanic/Latino groups defined by national background.
  
  
  METHODS
  This analysis included 9648 men and women older than 45 years enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). The ankle-brachial index (ABI) was computed as the higher of the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis systolic blood pressures for each leg divided by the higher brachial artery systolic blood pressure. The index ABI was the higher of the two. An ABI ≤0.90 was the criterion for the presence of PAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 56 years, and 55% were female. Overall, the prevalence of an ABI ≤0.90 (PAD), 0.90 to 0.99 (borderline), 1.0 to 1.39 (normal), and ≥1.40 (high) was 5.7%, 19.3%, 72.5%, and 2.6%, respectively. After multivariable adjustment for PAD risk factors and compared with Mexicans, Cubans had a nearly threefold higher odds for PAD (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.4). The odds of PAD for the other Hispanic/Latino groups ranged from 1.2 to 1.8. Although men had a more than threefold higher odds of an ABI ≥1.40 (3.6; 2.0-6.5), the odds did not differ significantly by Hispanic/Latino background.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with Mexican Americans, all other Hispanic/Latino background groups have a significantly higher odds of having PAD, with the odds being nearly threefold higher among Cubans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. Electronic address: mallison@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Franklyn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla.
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Raij
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ostfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Fla.
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pattany
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Criqui
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D003462:Cuba / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology