title: Accurate three-dimensional virtual reconstruction of surgical field using calibrated trajectories of an image-guided medical robot.
abstract: Brain tumor margin removal is challenging because diseased tissue is often visually indistinguishable from healthy tissue. Leaving residual tumor leads to decreased survival, and removing normal tissue causes life-long neurological deficits. Thus, a surgical robotics system with a high degree of dexterity, accurate navigation, and highly precise resection is an ideal candidate for image-guided removal of fluorescently labeled brain tumor cells. To image, we developed a scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) which acquires concurrent reflectance and fluorescence wide-field images at a high resolution. This miniature flexible endoscope was affixed to the arm of a RAVEN II surgical robot providing programmable motion with feedback control using stereo-pair surveillance cameras. To verify the accuracy of the three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructed surgical field, a multimodal physical-sized model of debulked brain tumor was used to obtain the 3-D locations of residual tumor for robotic path planning to remove fluorescent cells. Such reconstruction is repeated intraoperatively during margin clean-up so the algorithm efficiency and accuracy are important to the robotically assisted surgery. Experimental results indicate that the time for creating this 3-D surface can be reduced to one-third by using known trajectories of a robot arm, and the error from the reconstructed phantom is within 0.67 mm in average compared to the model design.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Human Photonics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.
authors.forename: Yuanzheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: University of Washington , Department of Electrical Engineering, Biorobotics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.
authors.forename: Danying
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: University of Washington , Department of Electrical Engineering, Biorobotics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.
authors.forename: Blake
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hannaford
authors.affiliation: University of Washington , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Human Photonics Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Seibel
keywords: fluorescence-guided surgery; image-guided therapy; intraoperative imaging; surface mosaic; surgical robotics; three-dimensional reconstruction