title: Cutting Edge: Retinoic Acid Signaling in B Cells Is Essential for Oral Immunization and Microflora Composition.
abstract: Retinoic acid (RA) is a critical regulator of the intestinal adaptive immune response. However, the intrinsic impact of RA on B cell differentiation in the regulation of gut humoral immunity in vivo has never been directly shown. To address this issue, we have been able to generate a mouse model where B cells specifically express a dominant-negative receptor α for RA. In this study, we show that the silencing of RA signaling in B cells reduces the numbers of IgA(+) Ab-secreting cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that RA has a direct effect on IgA plasma cell differentiation. Moreover, the lack of RA signaling in B cells abrogates Ag-specific IgA responses after oral immunization and affects the microbiota composition. In conclusion, these results suggest that RA signaling in B cells through the RA receptor α is important to generate an effective gut humoral response and to maintain a normal microbiota composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pantazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mucosal Immunology, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stolarczyk
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccines Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; and.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lycke
authors.affiliation: Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03755 Randolph.J.Noelle@Dartmouth.edu raul.elgueta@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Randolph J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Noelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; Randolph.J.Noelle@Dartmouth.edu raul.elgueta@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elgueta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D007114:Immunization; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D064307:Microbiota / Q000276:immunology; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D014212:Tretinoin