title: Demographic Risk Factors for Alcohol-Related Aggression In and Around Licensed Venues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have examined the role of gender and both area-level and individual socio-economic status (SES) as independent predictors of alcohol-related aggression (ARA) in and around licensed venues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between gender, area-level SES and individual SES (operationalised as occupational category) and ARA in and around licensed venues. The sample comprised 697 men and 649 women aged 16-47, who completed a patron intercept survey as part of a larger study assessing trends in harm and stakeholders' views surrounding local community level interventions in dealing with alcohol-related problems in the night-time economy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Binary logistic regression analyses showed that age, gender, occupational category, area-level SES and level of intoxication at time of interview were all significant predictors of involvement in ARA. Being male doubled the odds of involvement in ARA, while age was a protective factor. Blue collar workers had more than double the odds of ARA involvement of professionals, while those living in the most socio-economically disadvantaged areas were over twice as likely to report experiencing ARA compared to those living in the most advantaged areas. However, assessment of the predictive model by gender revealed that effects of age, occupational category and area-level SES were restricted to male participants, with greater intoxication no longer predictive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARA among patrons was significantly more likely to occur among men, those in blue collar occupations, and individuals living in low SES areas, suggesting both individual and area-level disadvantage may play a role in ARA.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia lucy.zinkiewicz@deakin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zinkiewicz
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashlee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meurer
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000191:economics* / Q000523:psychology; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000191:economics*; D003710:Demography / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008004:Licensure / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult