title: Association of hypertension with physical factors of wrist pulse waves using a computational approach: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this pilot study were to examine the association between hypertension and physical factors of wrist pulse waves to avoid subjective diagnoses in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM). An additional objective was to assess the predictive power of individual and combined physical factors in order to identify the degree of agreement between diagnosis accuracies using physical factors and using a sphygmomanometer in the prediction of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 393 women aged 46 to 73 years participated in this study. Logistic regression (LR) and a naïve Bayes algorithm (NB) were used to assess statistically significant differences and the predictive power of hypertension, and a wrapper-based machine learning method was used to evaluate the predictive power of combinations of physical factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both wrists, L-PPI and R-PPI (maximum pulse amplitudes in the left Gwan and right Gwan) were the factors most strongly associated with hypertension after adjusting for age and body mass index (p = <0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 2.006 on the left and p = <0.001, OR = 2.504 on the right), and the best predictors (NB-AUC = 0.692, LR-AUC = 0.7 on the left and NB-AUC = 0.759, LR-AUC = 0.763 on the right). Analyses of both individual and combined physical factors revealed that the predictive power of the physical factors in the right wrist was higher than for the left wrist. The predictive powers of the combined physical factors were higher than those of the best single predictors in both the left and right wrists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggested new physical factors related to the sum of the area on the particular region of pulse waves in both wrists. L-PPI and R-PPI among all variables used in this study were good indicators of hypertension. Our findings support the quantification and objectification of pulse patterns and disease in TCM and TKM for complementary and alternative medicine.
authors.affiliation: KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bum Ju
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Boncho
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaeuk U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jang-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea. jupiter-lee@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Jong Yeol
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology*