title: Phospholipid alterations in the brain and heart in a rat model of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass resuscitation.
abstract: Cardiac arrest (CA) induces whole-body ischemia, causing damage to multiple organs. Ischemic damage to the brain is mainly responsible for patient mortality. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for brain damage is not understood. Prior studies have provided evidence that degradation of membrane phospholipids plays key roles in ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study is to correlate organ damage to phospholipid alterations following 30 min asphyxia-induced CA or CA followed by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) resuscitation using a rat model. Following 30 min CA and CPB resuscitation, rats showed no brain function, moderately compromised heart function, and died within a few hours; typical outcomes of severe CA. However, we did not find any significant change in the content or composition of phospholipids in either tissue following 30 min CA or CA followed by CPB resuscitation. We found a substantial increase in lysophosphatidylinositol in both tissues, and a small increase in lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine only in brain tissue following CA. CPB resuscitation significantly decreased lysophosphatidylinositol but did not alter the other lyso species. These results indicate that a decrease in phospholipids is not a cause of brain damage in CA or a characteristic of brain ischemia. However, a significant increase in lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine found only in the brain with more damage suggests that impaired phospholipid metabolism may be correlated with the severity of ischemia in CA. In addition, the unique response of lysophosphatidylinositol suggests that phosphatidylinositol metabolism is highly sensitive to cellular conditions altered by ischemia and resuscitation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Suite 6023, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4399, USA. junhwan.kim@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Junhwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Suite 6023, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4399, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lampe
authors.affiliation: Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Suite 6023, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4399, USA.
authors.forename: Tai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Suite 6023, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4399, USA.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.affiliation: Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Suite 6023, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4399, USA.
authors.forename: Lance B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids
keywords: HPLC–MS; Ischemia; Normal-phase; Physiology; Reperfusion