title: Yoga: Managing overweight in mid-life T2DM.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased mortality, morbidity as well as public health care expenses worldwide. Previous research suggests that yoga holds promise for obesity and T2DM management.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of intensive integrated approach of yoga therapy (IAYT) on body fat and body mass index (BMI) and resting metabolism in mid-life overweight patients with T2DM (BMI, Mean ± SD, 27.05 ± 4.51).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four mid-life patients (6 females) with T2DM (Age, Mean ± SD, 55.38 ± 7.96 years) participated in the study and practiced IAYT for 7 days. The IAYT works at five layers of human existence (physical, vital, mental, intellectual and bliss) to bring positive health. The body fat and BMI and resting metabolism were recorded before and after IAYT using Karada Scan body composition monitor HBF-375 from Omron Healthcare Singapore PTE LTD.
  
  
  METHODS
  SPSS-16 was used to analyze the data. Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the data was not normally distributed. Further, the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used to analyze the change in means of pre- and post-measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in body fat and BMI and resting metabolism (in all assessments, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that 7 days practice of IAYT has a great promise for the management of overweight in mid-life patients with T2DM. Additional well-designed studies are needed before a strong recommendation can be made.
authors.affiliation: Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ashwini Sham
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tikhe
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Yoga and Management, S-VYASA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Subramanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pailoor
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Yoga and Management, S-VYASA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kashinath
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Metri
authors.affiliation: Project Coordinator, Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Tikhe Sham
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ganpat
authors.affiliation: Chancellor, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Nagendra Hongasandra
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ramarao
keywords: Body composition; mid-life; overweight; type 2 diabetes mellitus; yoga