title: Detection of circulating miRNA levels in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diagnosis of schizophrenia is currently dependent on symptom-based criteria and lacks objective indicators. In this study, the authors investigated whether circulating miRNA can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Global plasma miRNAs were profiled in a test cohort of 164 schizophrenia patients and 187 control subjects, using Solexa sequencing, TaqMan Low Density Array, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. The captured miRNAs were then validated by qRT-PCR assays in an independent cohort of 400 schizophrenia patients, 213 control subjects, and 162 patients with nonschizophrenia psychiatric disorders; the 400 schizophrenia patients underwent a 12-month follow up study of regular treatment with an atypical antipsychotic (risperidone and aripiprazole).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The global plasma miRNA screening revealed eight miRNAs that were up-regulated in schizophrenia, as revealed by both assay platforms. The qRT-PCR analysis showed the up-regulation of miR-130b and miR-193a-3p in schizophrenia but not in nonschizophrenia disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The up-regulation of miR-130b and miR-193a-3p is a state-independent biomarker for schizophrenia, and these two miRNAs could be used to develop a diagnostic tool for schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Yanbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Fude
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Chuanyue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Jinping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Chenyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: From the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai; Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C554019:MIRN130 microRNA, human; C546818:MIRN193 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs