title: High Alcohol Concentration Products Associated With Poverty and State Alcohol Policies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the associations among zip code demographics, the state alcohol policy environment, and the retail outlet availability of multiple fruit-flavored alcoholic drinks in a can (MFAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a nationally representative sample of zip codes (n = 872), we merged data from 4 sources: publicly available marketing information from 2 major MFAC producers, the US Census Bureau, state alcohol regulatory agencies, and recent research on state alcohol policies. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to examine MFAC outlet availability in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 98% of MFAC outlets were off-premises alcohol establishments. After we controlled for population size and the number of licensed on- and off-premises alcohol outlets within zip codes, more families below the poverty line and weaker state alcohol control policies were associated with greater MFAC outlet availability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Economic conditions and alcohol policy environment appeared to be related to MFAC outlet availability, after adjusting for the general availability of alcohol. Research is needed to determine whether MFACs are disproportionately contributing to alcohol-related harm in socially and economically disadvantaged communities. Policies to better regulate the off-premises sale of alcohol are needed.
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Matthew E. Rossheim was with and Dennis L. Thombs is currently with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Fort Worth. Alexander C. Wagenaar is with the Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville. Ziming Xuan is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Subhash Aryal is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rossheim
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Matthew E. Rossheim was with and Dennis L. Thombs is currently with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Fort Worth. Alexander C. Wagenaar is with the Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville. Ziming Xuan is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Subhash Aryal is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Thombs
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Matthew E. Rossheim was with and Dennis L. Thombs is currently with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Fort Worth. Alexander C. Wagenaar is with the Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville. Ziming Xuan is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Subhash Aryal is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wagenaar
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Matthew E. Rossheim was with and Dennis L. Thombs is currently with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Fort Worth. Alexander C. Wagenaar is with the Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville. Ziming Xuan is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Subhash Aryal is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Ziming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Matthew E. Rossheim was with and Dennis L. Thombs is currently with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Fort Worth. Alexander C. Wagenaar is with the Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville. Ziming Xuan is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Subhash Aryal is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aryal
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D003132:Commerce / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011203:Poverty; D013219:State Government; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005421:Flavoring Agents