title: An Initial Investigation of Do Not Resuscitate Acceptance in Egypt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this work was to obtain objective data on the extent of knowledge and attitudes of the do not resuscitate (DNR) concept in an Egyptian urban setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This survey was conducted in Cairo, Egypt, using a structured questionnaire including 23 questions. Questions and questionnaire were developed from literature on DNR in the region and from pilot testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 461 persons participated. In all, 48 participants (10.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.8-13.7) agreed on the concept of DNR, 226 (49%, 95% CI: 36.1-45.2) stated that it depends on the patient condition, and 187 (40.5%, 95% CI: 44.4-53.7) rejected DNR. Combining the first 2 categories, agree and depends on patient condition, over 60% of the respondents in effect supported DNR. Family members (35.6%, 95% CI: 31.4-40.3) and attending physicians (43.3%, 95% CI: 30.1-39.0) were selected over religious leaders (21%, 95% CI: 17.5-25.2) and representatives from state institutions (4.6%, 95% CI: 2.9-7.0) as to who should have authority for making a DNR decisions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These and additional results provide objective evidence that DNR will not be rejected outright in Egypt. More formal surveys are justified and will provide needed guidance for implementing DNR and related end-of-life medical care in Egypt.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fetouh S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Hassanin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Schaalan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Karim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA dewolfemiller@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F DeWolfe
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002977:Clergy; D003657:Decision Making; D004534:Egypt; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients; D010820:Physicians; D024382:Professional Role; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Egypt; do not resuscitate; end of life; epidemiology; medical policy; palliative medicine