title: Validity of the Kihon Checklist for assessing frailty status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Kihon Checklist is extensively used in Japan to identify elderly persons who are at risk of requiring support/care. We aimed to determine whether or not the Kihon Checklist can estimate frailty status defined by the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study evaluated the Kihon Checklist and activities of daily living based on self-records maintained with the assistance of nurses in a convenience sample of 164 elderly outpatients who lived without care or support. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical functions, nutritional status, cognitive function and depressive mood were assessed using standardized evaluations. Frailty status was evaluated using the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total Kihon Checklist score closely correlated with validated assessments of physical functions, nutritional state, cognitive function, depressive mood and the number of frailty phenotypes defined by the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria (ρ = 0.655, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curves for the evaluation of frailty status was 0.81 for prefrailty and 0.92 for frailty. The sensitivity and the specificity were 70.3% and 78.3% for prefrailty, and 89.5% and 80.7% for frailty at total Kihon Checklist scores of 3/4 and 7/8, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Kihon Checklist is a useful tool for frailty screening. Analyzing the results of this self-reporting questionnaire, together with other more high-tech screening modalities, will cost-effectively improve the quality of life for many elderly individuals in a timely manner. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●-●●.
authors.affiliation: Section of Frailty Prevention, Department of Frailty Research, Innovation Center for Clinical Research, Obu, Aichi, Japan.|Department of Comprehensive Geriatric Medicine, Innovation Center for Clinical Research, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satake
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research Promotion, Innovation Center for Clinical Research, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Senda
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mie Prefectural Ichishi Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Young-Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Homecare Medicine, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Innovation Center for Clinical Research, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Geriatric Medicine, Innovation Center for Clinical Research, Obu, Aichi, Japan.|Center for Training of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Memory Clinic, Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital, Innovation Center for Clinical Research, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toba
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057189:Checklist / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Japanese; cross-sectional study; frail elderly; geriatric assessment; questionnaire