title: Comprehensive assessment of coronary fractional flow reserve.
abstract: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is considered nowadays as the gold standard for invasive assessment of physiologic stenosis significance and an indispensable tool for decision-making in coronary revascularization. Robust studies have shown that FFR is more effective in accurately identifying which lesions should be stented, and revascularization guided by FFR improves the outcome of coronary artery disease in patients. Therefore, FFR has been upgraded to a class A recommendation in current guidelines when the ischemic potential for specific target lesions is controversial. This article reviews the laboratory practice, functional evaluation of FFR as a gold standard and its emerging clinical application. In addition, novel noninvasive technologies of FFR measurement are discussed in depth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guoxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Deqiu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wanrong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: fractional flow reserve; noninvasive; revascularization; stenosis