title: Scalable Transfer of Suspended Two-Dimensional Single Crystals.
abstract: Large-scale suspended architectures of various two-dimensional (2D) materials (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and graphene) are demonstrated on nanoscale patterned substrates with different physical and chemical surface properties, such as flexible polymer substrates (polydimethylsiloxane), rigid Si substrates, and rigid metal substrates (Au/Ag). This transfer method represents a generic, fast, clean, and scalable technique to suspend 2D atomic layers. The underlying principle behind this approach, which employs a capillary-force-free wet-contact printing method, was studied by characterizing the nanoscale solid-liquid-vapor interface of 2D layers with respect to different substrates. As a proof-of-concept, a photodetector of suspended MoS2 has been demonstrated with significantly improved photosensitivity. This strategy could be extended to several other 2D material systems and open the pathway toward better optoelectronic and nanoelectromechnical systems.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.|‡School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Sidong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Najmaei
authors.affiliation: §Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Yongji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Lulu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Yingchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sanghyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Kunttal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keyshar
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Liehui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vajtai
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Yung Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Pulickel M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ajayan
keywords: Wet-contact printing; capillary-force-free transfer; nanopatterned substrates; suspended architectures; two-dimensional materials; van der Waals layered materials