title: Capillary-scale direct measurement of hemoglobin concentration of erythrocytes using photothermal angular light scattering.
abstract: We present a direct, rapid and chemical-free detection method for hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), based on photothermal angular light scattering. The iron oxides contained in hemoglobin molecules exhibit high absorption of 532-nm light and generate heat under the illumination of 532-nm light, which subsequently alters the refractive index of blood. We measured this photothermal change in refractive index by employing angular light scattering spectroscopy with the goal of quantifying [Hb] in blood samples. Highly sensitive [Hb] measurement of blood samples was performed by monitoring the shifts in angularly dispersed scattering patterns from the blood-loaded microcapillary tubes. Our system measured [Hb] over the range of 0.35-17.9 g/dL with a detection limit of ~0.12 g/dL. Our sensor was characterized by excellent correlation with a reference hematology analyzer (r>0.96), and yielded a precision of 0.63 g/dL for a blood sample of 9.0 g/dL.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Uihan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaewoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Donghak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soocheol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaehyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cjoo@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chulmin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: Angular light scattering; Erythrocytes; Hemoglobin; Hemoglobin concentration; Photothermal effect; Refractive index