title: COMPARISON OF PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE AND LIPID PROFILE IN ASYMPTOMATIC SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), other pulmonary diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The objective of study was to determine the mean Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and serum lipid profile. in apparently healthy male smokers and non-smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 15th December, 2009 to 15th June, 2010. Apparently healthy smokers and non-smokers from population coming to Hospital as attendants of the patients or as employees of the hospital were inducted in the study. PEFR and lipid profile of all the subjects was accessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were total of 300 male subjects, 150 smokers and 150 non-smokers. The mean age of study subjects was 26.6 +/- 5.5 years. The mean PEFR of smokers was 450.621/min and that of non-smokers was 494.81 L/min, the difference being statistically significant (p-value <0.05).The mean total cholesterol of smokers is 5.30 +/- 0.86 mmol/l and it was 3.84 +/- 0.54 mmol/l in non-smokers. Mean serum Triacyl Glycerols (TAGs) and Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol of smokers was 2.04 +/- 0.38 and 3.5 +/- 0.83 mmol/l whereas it was 1.44 +/- 0.52 and 2.02 +/- 0.66 mmol/l in non-smokers. Mean High Density Lipo-protein (HDL) of smokers was 0.86 +/- 0.30 mmol/l and of non-smoke is 1.20 +/- 0.41 mmo/l. There was statistically significant difference between serum lipid profile of smokers and non-smokers (p<0.05). the mean serum Total Cholesterol (TC), TAGs and LDL were significantly higher in smokers as compared to non-smokers. However HDL was significantly lower in smokers in comparison to non-smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was statistically significant difference between PEFR of smokers and non-smokers.
authors.forename: Fozia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.forename: Muhammad Munir
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Noor
authors.forename: Munir Ahmad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: Raheel Jahangir
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jadoon
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sohail
authors.forename: Muhammad Junaid
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Sana Ullah
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Afridi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids