title: The 3' to 5' Exoribonuclease DIS3: From Structure and Mechanisms to Biological Functions and Role in Human Disease.
abstract: DIS3 is a conserved exoribonuclease and catalytic subunit of the exosome, a protein complex involved in the 3' to 5' degradation and processing of both nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA species. Recently, aberrant expression of DIS3 has been found to be implicated in a range of different cancers. Perhaps most striking is the finding that DIS3 is recurrently mutated in 11% of multiple myeloma patients. Much work has been done to elucidate the structural and biochemical characteristics of DIS3, including the mechanistic details of its role as an effector of RNA decay pathways. Nevertheless, we do not understand how DIS3 mutations can lead to cancer. There are a number of studies that pertain to the function of DIS3 at the organismal level. Mutant phenotypes in S. pombe, S. cerevisiae and Drosophila suggest DIS3 homologues have a common role in cell-cycle progression and microtubule assembly. DIS3 has also recently been implicated in antibody diversification of mouse B-cells. This article aims to review current knowledge of the structure, mechanisms and functions of DIS3 as well as highlighting the genetic patterns observed within myeloma patients, in order to yield insight into the putative role of DIS3 mutations in oncogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK. s.robinson2@bsms.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sophie R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK. antony.oliver@sussex.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Antony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK. t.chevassut@bsms.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Chevassut
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK. s.newbury@bsms.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sarah F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Newbury
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004194:Disease / Q000235:genetics; D063326:Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D063326:Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex; C551543:DIS3 protein, human
keywords: DIS3; RNA stability; exoribonuclease; multiple myeloma