title: One, Two, Three: Polycomb Proteins Hit All Dimensions of Gene Regulation.
abstract: Polycomb group (PcG) proteins contribute to the formation and maintenance of a specific repressive chromatin state that prevents the expression of genes in a particular space and time. Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) consist of several PcG proteins with specific regulatory or catalytic properties. PRCs are recruited to thousands of target genes, and various recruitment factors, including DNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, are involved in the targeting. PcG proteins contribute to a multitude of biological processes by altering chromatin features at different scales. PcG proteins mediate both biochemical modifications of histone tails and biophysical modifications (e.g., chromatin fiber compaction and three-dimensional (3D) chromatin conformation). Here, we review the role of PcG proteins in nuclear architecture, describing their impact on the structure of the chromatin fiber, on chromatin interactions, and on the spatial organization of the genome in nuclei. Although little is known about the role of plant PcG proteins in nuclear organization, much is known in the animal field, and we highlight similarities and differences in the roles of PcG proteins in 3D gene regulation in plants and animals.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1318-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA-Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de St-Cyr, Versailles Cedex F-78026, France. stefania.del-prete@versailles.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Prete
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genetics, HHU Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Duesseldorf D-40225, Germany. Pawel.Mikulski@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mikulski
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genetics, HHU Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Duesseldorf D-40225, Germany. Dan.Schubert@fu-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1318-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA-Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de St-Cyr, Versailles Cedex F-78026, France. valerie.gaudin@versailles.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gaudin
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Polycomb; Polycomb bodies; chromatin; chromatin loops; lamins; three-dimensional nuclear architecture; topologically associating domain (TAD)