title: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury-mediated cytotoxicity induced by silver nanoparticles in human A549 and HepG2 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considering the increasing applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in food- and cosmetic-related products worldwide, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential adverse health effects induced by AgNPs exposure in terms of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial injury in human A549 and HepG2 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a 48 h AgNPs treatment, the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Oxidative damage was determined by assays of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-epi-PGF2α and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). The protein expression of HSPA1A and HO-1 was analyzed by western blot analysis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by using JC-1 as fluorescent probes. The uptake and intracellular localization of AgNPs was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cellular AgNPs was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability after AgNPs treatment was observed, which was associated correspondingly with oxidative damage as indicated by increases in MDA amount, 8-epi-PGF2α and 8-oxo-dG levels, HSPA1A and HO-1 expression, as well as mitochondrial injury as indicated by decreased MMP. The cellular uptake of AgNPs measured by ICP-MS analysis was correlated correspondingly with the oxidative damage and mitochondrial injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dose-dependent cytotoxicity induced by AgNPs may result from an interaction of oxidative stress, DNA damage and mitochondrial injury in A549 and HepG2 cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1691-1699, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 72 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jianshu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 58 Suqian Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Bizhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yanhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Sifan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000072283:A549 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012834:Silver; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: cytotoxicity; mitochondrial injury; oxidative stress; silver nanoparticles