title: CD44+/CD24- Cancer Stem Cells Are Associated With Higher Grade of Canine Mammary Carcinomas.
abstract: The CD44+/CD24- phenotype identifies cancer stem cell (CSC) properties in canine mammary carcinoma (MC); however, the histopathological features associated with this phenotype remain to be elucidated. Here, we determined whether the CD44+/CD24- phenotype was associated with hormonal receptor (HR; estrogen receptor [ER] and/or progesterone receptor [PR]) status and/or triple (ER, PR, and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2)-negative (TN) subtype; conventional histological evaluation was also performed. We found that, as single markers, both CD44+ and CD24+ were associated with less aggressive histological types, low grade, and a non-TN subtype; both markers were associated with HR positivity. On the other hand, a CD44+/CD24- phenotype was associated with higher grade of carcinoma. Therefore, our results suggest that immunohistochemical phenotyping for CD44/CD24 is useful for the evaluation of tumor behavior as well as CSC-like properties in canine MCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea These authors contributed equally to the research and are joint first authors.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea These authors contributed equally to the research and are joint first authors.
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea jsur@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000473:pathology*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051927:CD24 Antigen; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone
keywords: CD24; CD44; cancer stem cell; canine mammary carcinoma; immunohistochemistry