title: Directed preconception health programs and interventions for improving pregnancy outcomes for women who are overweight or obese.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overweight and obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m(2) and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2,) respectively are increasingly common among women of reproductive age. Overweight and obesity are known to be associated with many adverse health conditions in the preconception period, during pregnancy and during the labour and postpartum period. There are no current guidelines to suggest which preconception health programs and interventions are of benefit to these women and their infants. It is important to evaluate the available evidence to establish which preconception interventions are of value to this population of women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of preconception health programs and interventions for improving pregnancy outcomes in overweight and obese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2014) and reference lists of retrieved studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials (including those using a cluster-randomised design), comparing health programs and interventions with routine care in women of reproductive age and a BMI greater then or equal to 25 kg/m(2). Studies published in abstract form only, were not eligible for inclusion. Quasi-randomised trials or randomised trials using a cross-over design were not eligible for inclusion in this review. The intervention in such studies would involve an assessment of preconception health and lead to an individualised preconception program addressing any areas of concern for that particular woman.Preconception interventions could involve any or all of: provision of specific information, screening for and treating obesity-related health problems, customised or general dietary and exercise advice, medical or surgical interventions. Medical interventions may include treatment of pre-existing hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance or sleep apnoea. Surgical interventions may include interventions such as bariatric surgery. The comparator was prespecified to be standard preconception advice or no advice/interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified no studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. The search identified one study (published in four trial reports) which was independently assessed by two review authors and subsequently excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are no included trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no randomised controlled trials that assessed the effect of preconception health programs and interventions in overweight and obese women with the aim of improving pregnancy outcomes. Until the effectiveness of preconception health programs and interventions can be established, no practice recommendations can be made. Further research is required in this area.
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Women's and Children's Hospital, Level 1 QVB, 72 King William Street, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5006.
authors.forename: Nicolle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Opray
authors.forename: Rosalie M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Grivell
authors.forename: Andrea R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Deussen
authors.forename: Jodie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dodd
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity; D050177:Overweight; D016742:Preconception Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome