title: Body mass index and waist circumference are not good surrogate indicators of adiposity in psychogeriatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to assess the utility of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as surrogate indicators of adiposity with respect to the total body fat estimated with bioimpedance analysis in psychogeriatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric and hand-to-foot bioimpedance measurements were performed according to standard procedures in a sample of 128 psychogeriatric patients (87 males, 41 females). WC cutoffs proposed by the International Diabetes Federation were used to define abdominal obesity. Z-scores of fat and fat-free mass indices (Z-FMI and Z-FFMI) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Males with WC values below the cutoff were normal weight, and showed normal levels of FM and low FFM (Z-FFMI below 1.5 SD). Males with WC values above the cutoff were overweight, showed high levels of FM (Z-FMI: 1.34 SD) and a slight depletion of FFM (Z-FFMI: -0.59 SD). In females with WC values below the cutoff, BMI was close to 20 kg/m(2) and both FM and FFM were depleted (Z-FMI: -0.7 SD; Z-FFMI: -1.76 SD). In females with WC above the cutoff, the average BMI was 25.6 kg/m(2) , Z-FMI was 0.48 SD, and Z-FFMI was -0.56 SD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that it is necessary to establish age and sex-specific BMI and WC cutoffs, and also highlight the importance of focusing on body composition analysis to ensure an accurate nutritional diagnosis in older-adults and in psychogeriatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Area of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, C/Ramón Y Cajal, 7., Valladolid, 47005, Spain.
authors.forename: M Alicia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Camina Martín
authors.affiliation: Area of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, C/Ramón Y Cajal, 7., Valladolid, 47005, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Mateo Silleras
authors.affiliation: Area of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, C/Ramón Y Cajal, 7., Valladolid, 47005, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miján De La Torre
authors.affiliation: Residential Care Centre San Juan De Dios, Psychogeriatric Area, Palencia. Paseo Padre Faustino Calvo S/N. Apto. 66, Palencia, 34005, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barrera Ortega
authors.affiliation: Residential Care Centre San Juan De Dios, Psychogeriatric Area, Palencia. Paseo Padre Faustino Calvo S/N. Apto. 66, Palencia, 34005, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Domínguez Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Area of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, C/Ramón Y Cajal, 7., Valladolid, 47005, Spain.
authors.forename: M Paz
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Redondo Del Río
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D050154:Adiposity; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis; D050177:Overweight / Q000175:diagnosis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain; D055105:Waist Circumference