title: Exercise intervention and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children. Comparison between obese youngsters taking part in a physical activity school-based programme with and without individualised diet counselling: the ACORDA project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of a school-based exercise intervention programme on cardiovascular risk factors, including body fat (BF), metabolic profile and physical activity (PA) in children with and without individualised dietary counselling approach (IDC and WIDC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six overweight children from 6-16 years old (25 girls, 54.3%; age = 10.3 ± 2.8) of six schools took part in an 8-month interdisciplinary, school-based intervention programme. All children were engaged in PA classes, but only one group was exposed to individualised counselling. Blood pressure (BP), lipids and lipoproteins, accelerometer-based PA, percentage of body fat (%BF) and trunk fat (%TF) measures were taken before and after intervention. General Linear Model (Repeated Measures ANOVA) adjusted for age, maturation and height change was used to analyse the longitudinal effect of individualised counselling between two evaluations in each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Favourable changes were observed for %BF, %TF, systolic BP and total cholesterol in the IDC group. Subjects WIDC only increased light and moderate-vigorous PA. In IDC, significant effects for time * group interactions were found for systolic BP, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, indicating that counselling might add favourable changes in these markers, beyond those explained by PA and growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  School-based interventions can contribute to counteracting obesity in youth, particularly when individualised dietary counselling is provided. Therefore, the link between schools and professional counselling should be strengthened to ensure consolidated changes towards healthy behaviours.
authors.affiliation: a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL) Faculty of Sports , University of Porto, Rua Dr Plácido Costa , Porto , Portugal .|b University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Av. Carlos Oliveira Campos, Castêlo da Maia , Maia , Portugal .
authors.forename: Luísa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aires
authors.affiliation: a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL) Faculty of Sports , University of Porto, Rua Dr Plácido Costa , Porto , Portugal .
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL) Faculty of Sports , University of Porto, Rua Dr Plácido Costa , Porto , Portugal .|c Department of Physical Education - Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, CEP: 52171-900 , Recife/PE , Brazil .
authors.forename: Clarice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL) Faculty of Sports , University of Porto, Rua Dr Plácido Costa , Porto , Portugal .|b University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Av. Carlos Oliveira Campos, Castêlo da Maia , Maia , Portugal .
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL) Faculty of Sports , University of Porto, Rua Dr Plácido Costa , Porto , Portugal .|b University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Av. Carlos Oliveira Campos, Castêlo da Maia , Maia , Portugal .
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lagoa
authors.affiliation: a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL) Faculty of Sports , University of Porto, Rua Dr Plácido Costa , Porto , Portugal .
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: d Child and Adolescent Center, CUF Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal .
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rêgo
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal .|f Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal , and.
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: g Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal.
authors.forename: Petronila Rocha
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal .|f Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal , and.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos-Silva
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal .|f Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal , and.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belo
authors.affiliation: a Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL) Faculty of Sports , University of Porto, Rua Dr Plácido Costa , Porto , Portugal .
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mota
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003376:Counseling; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools
keywords: Children and adolescents; diet counselling; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; obesity; physical activity