title: Antibacterial effect of the red sea soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum.
abstract: The marine soft corals Sarcophyton trocheliophorum crude extracts possessed antimicrobial activity towards pathogenic bacterial strains, i.e. Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioassay-guided fractionation indicated that the antimicrobial effect was due to the presence of terpenoid bioactive derivatives. Further biological assays of the n-hexane fractions were carried out using turbidity assay, inhibition zone assay and minimum inhibitory concentration for investigating the growth-inhibition effect towards the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The fractions were screened and the structure of the isolated compound was justified by interpretation of the spectroscopic data, mainly mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The structure was assigned as (5S)-3-[(3E,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-hepten-6-yn-1-yl]-5-methyl-2(5H)-furanone and was effective at concentrations as low as 0.20 mg/mL. The above findings, in the course of our ongoing research on marine products, may implicate that the profound anti-microbial activity of the S. trocheliophorum soft corals, inhabiting the red sea reefs, is attributed to the presence of growth-inhibiting secondary metabolites mainly terpenoids.
authors.affiliation: a Biology Department , Faculty of Science and Arts-Khulais, King Abdulaziz University , Khulais , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Gomaa
authors.affiliation: a Biology Department , Faculty of Science and Arts-Khulais, King Abdulaziz University , Khulais , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Kawther
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: a Biology Department , Faculty of Science and Arts-Khulais, King Abdulaziz University , Khulais , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayesh
authors.affiliation: b Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University , Box 574, SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abd El-Wahed
authors.affiliation: c Marine Toxins Laboratory, Food Toxins and Contaminants Department , National Research Centre , Dokki, Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hamza
authors.affiliation: d H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi 75270 , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hager M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.affiliation: e Department of Experimental Hematology , Karolinska University Hospital , SE-141 86 Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Shaden A M
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khalifa
authors.affiliation: f Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hapipah Bint
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Mohd Ali
authors.affiliation: b Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University , Box 574, SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden.|e Department of Experimental Hematology , Karolinska University Hospital , SE-141 86 Stockholm , Sweden.|f Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hesham R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: El-Seedi
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005663:Furans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019156:Indian Ocean; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013729:Terpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C000611360:3-(5-hydroxy-3-hepten-6-yn-1-yl)-5-methyl-2(5H)-furanone; D000480:Alkynes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005663:Furans; D013729:Terpenes
keywords: Sarcophyton trocheliophorum; antimicrobial assays; in vitro; soft coral; terpenoid