title: Alterations in perivascular innervation function in mesenteric arteries from offspring of diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have reported that exposure to a diabetic intrauterine environment during pregnancy increases blood pressure in adult offspring, but the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. This study was designed to analyse a possible role of perivascular sympathetic and nitrergic innervation in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in this effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced in pregnant Wistar rats by a single injection of streptozotocin. Endothelium-denuded vascular rings from the offspring of control (O-CR) and diabetic rats (O-DR) were used. Vasomotor responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS), NA and the NO donor DEA-NO were studied. The expressions of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and phospho-nNOS (P-nNOS) and release of NA, ATP and NO were determined. Sympathetic and nitrergic nerve densities were analysed by immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure was higher in O-DR animals. EFS-induced vasoconstriction was greater in O-DR animals. This response was decreased by phentolamine more in O-DR animals than their controls. L-NAME increased EFS-induced vasoconstriction more strongly in O-DR than in O-CR segments. Vasomotor responses to NA or DEA-NO were not modified. NA, ATP and NO release was increased in segments from O-DR. nNOS expression was not modified, whereas P-nNOS expression was increased in O-DR. Sympathetic and nitrergic nerve densities were similar in both experimental groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activity of sympathetic and nitrergic innervation is increased in SMA from O-DR animals. The net effect is an increase in EFS-induced contractions in these animals. These effects may contribute to the increased blood pressure observed in the offspring of diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: de Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación La Paz (IdIPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sastre
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación La Paz (IdIPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caracuel
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Callejo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación La Paz (IdIPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanco-Rivero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación La Paz (IdIPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balfagón
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012964:Sodium; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D000109:Acetylcholine