title: Angiotensin receptor blockers: Focus on cardiac and renal injury.
abstract: Angiotensin II, an important component of renin angiotensin system, is a potent vasopressor and its actions are mostly mediated via angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and role of AT2R in counterbalancing the actions of AT1R stimulation are under extensive research. In addition to its physiological actions, angiotensin II plays important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure. The effects of angiotensin II can be blocked by either suppressing its production by blocking angiotensin converting enzyme or by antagonizing its actions on AT1R using angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Instead of the extensive use of ARBs in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, proper selection of a particular ARB is crucial as the clinical condition of individual patient is different and also their economic status would play an essential role in medication compliance. Thus a critical review of the proven and promising actions of ARBs against various pathological conditions will be of great importance for the clinicians as well as for the researchers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima, Akiha-Ku, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Somasundaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima, Akiha-Ku, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Remya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sreedhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima, Akiha-Ku, Niigata, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Rajarajan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Thandavarayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima, Akiha-Ku, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Vengadeshprabhu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karuppagounder
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Prasanna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima, Akiha-Ku, Niigata, Japan. Electronic address: watanabe@nupals.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D057912:Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D057912:Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D000804:Angiotensin II
keywords: Angiotensin receptor blocker; Diabetes mellitus; Heart failure; Hypertension; Renin angiotensin system