title: Suicide Behavior Before and After the Start with Antidepressants: A High Persistent Risk in the First Month of Treatment Among the Young.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A causal relationship between antidepressants (ADs) and a high risk of suicidal behavior at a young age has been suggested. We analyzed the rates of suicide attempts during treatment with AD in comparison with the rates before treatment initiation for different ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Claims of insurance company Achmea were linked to the population registry of Statistics Netherlands. Episodes of AD use were defined for those with their first registered prescription in 2006-2011 (n = 66,196). Rates were analyzed in a Poisson model. Correlates of attempts in the first month of AD use were assessed in a logistic model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among those aged <25 years, a high rate of suicide attempts during the month before the start of ADs was found (376.3/10 000 person yrs). A non-significant increase in the first month (p = 0.212) was found and a non-significant trend to lower values was determined thereafter (p = 0.3050). Among those ≧ 25 years, a clear decrease to lower rates immediately after the start was observed (p < 0.025). The highest rates of suicide were found among those >40 years during the first month. Female gender was, but treatment characteristics were not, associated with early attempts at a young age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among young AD users, a high pre-treatment risk of suicide attempts was present and persisted during the early phases after the start. This contrasted with the clear decrease in risk among those aged ≧ 25 years, suggesting lower effectiveness of ADs to prevent suicidal behavior at young ages. Caution should be exercised to infer a causal relationship or to use data on attempts to predict risk of suicide during AD use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Netherlands (Drs Termorshuizen and Heerdink); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Termorshuizen); Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Palmen); Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Heerdink); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Heerdink). F.Termorshuizen@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Termorshuizen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Netherlands (Drs Termorshuizen and Heerdink); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Termorshuizen); Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Palmen); Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Heerdink); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Heerdink).
authors.forename: Saskia J M
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Palmen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Netherlands (Drs Termorshuizen and Heerdink); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Termorshuizen); Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Palmen); Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Heerdink); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (Dr Heerdink).
authors.forename: Eibert R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Heerdink
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000639:trends*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: age; antidepressants; pharmaco-epidemiology; suicide; suicide attempts