title: Genetic diversity and population structure of wheat in India and Turkey.
abstract: Genetic diversity among plant species offers prospects for improving the plant characteristics. Its assessment is necessary to help tackle the threats of environmental fluctuations and for the effective exploitation of genetic resources in breeding programmes. Although wheat is one of the most thoroughly studied crops in terms of genetic polymorphism studies, phylogenetic affinities of Indian and Turkish Triticum species have not been assessed to date. In this study, genetic association of 95 tetraploid and hexaploid wheat genotypes originating from India and Turkey was determined for the first time. Combined analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter-simple sequence repeat markers disclosed 177 polymorphic bands, and both the dendrogram and two-dimensional scatterplot showed similar groupings of the wheat genotypes. Turkish hexaploid varieties were basically divided into two clusters, one group showed its close association with Indian hexaploid varieties and the other with Indian tetraploid varieties. Analysis of molecular variance revealed high (77 %) genetic variation within Indian and Turkish populations. Population structure analysis elucidated distinct clustering of wheat genotypes on the basis of both geographical origin and ploidy. The results revealed in this study will support worldwide wheat breeding programmes and assist in achieving the target of sustainable wheat production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Selcuk, Konya 42079, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mohd Kamran
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Selcuk, Konya 42079, Turkey.
authors.forename: Anamika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahinur S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Akkaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78050, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seyit Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kayis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biometrics and Genetics, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozsensoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Selcuk, Konya 42079, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamurcu
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Selcuk, Konya 42079, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sait
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gezgin
authors.affiliation: Department of Field Crops, University of Selcuk, Konya 42079, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topal
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Selcuk, Konya 42079, Turkey eehakki@selcuk.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Erdogan E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hakki
keywords: Genetic diversity; molecular markers; ploidy level; population structure; wheat