title: Training techniques in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a systematic review.
abstract: The learning curve to achieve competency in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is poorly outlined. Online databases were searched for training in LDN. Abstracts and manuscripts were excluded if they did not address introduction of a laparoscopic technique for donor nephrectomy. Relevant manuscripts were reviewed for surgical technique, use of animal models, co-surgeons, surgeon specialty and training, institution type/volume, and assessment of training method. Forty-four met inclusion criteria, with 75% describing the evolution from open to LDN. Eighty-two percent were from academic centers, and 36% were from centers performing <25 donor nephrectomies each year. The learner was an attending surgeon 80% of the time, mostly urologists with prior laparoscopy or open nephrectomy experience. The learning curve, defined by decreased operating time, averaged 35 cases. Improved intra-operative, patient, and recipient outcomes were observed for centers performing ≥50 LDNs annually. The United Network of Organ Sharing requires 15 cases as surgeon or assistant to be certified as the primary LDN surgeon. This falls below the described learning curve for LDN. The assessment of training and competency for LDN is heterogeneous, and objective learner-based metrics could help surgeons and institutions reach a quality standard for performing this operation.
authors.affiliation: Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raque
authors.affiliation: Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Billeter
authors.affiliation: Xavier University College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lucich
authors.affiliation: Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Marvin
authors.affiliation: Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D059032:Learning Curve; D019520:Living Donors; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States
keywords: laparoscopic donor nephrectomy; laparoscopy; learning curve; living donor nephrectomy