title: Extraction of 3,4,4'-Trichlorocarbanilide from Rat Fecal Samples for Determination by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Triclocarban (3,4,4'-Trichlorocarbanilide; TCC) in the environment has been well documented. Methods have been developed to monitor TCC levels from various matrices including water, sediment, biosolids, plants, blood and urine; however, no method has been developed to document the concentration of TCC in fecal content after oral exposure in animal studies. In the present study, we developed and validated a method that uses liquid extraction coupled with HPLC-MS/MS determination to measure TCC in feces. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation in control rats without TCC exposure was 69.0 ng/g and 92.9 ng/g of feces, respectively. The base levels of TCC in feces were lower than LOD. At 12 days of treatment, the fecal TCC concentration increased to 2220 µg/g among 0.2% w/w exposed animals. The concentration in fecal samples decreased over the washout period in 0.2% w/w treated animals to 0.399 µ/g feces after exposure was removed for 28 days. This method required a small amount of sample (0.1 g) with simple sample preparation. Given its sensitivity and efficiency, this method may be useful for monitoring TCC exposure in toxicological studies of animals.
authors.affiliation: Comparative and Experimental Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. rkenne12@vols.utk.edu.|Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. rkenne12@vols.utk.edu.
authors.forename: Rebekah C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. rfling@vols.utk.edu.
authors.forename: Russell R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Fling
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. pdterry@utk.edu.|Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA. pdterry@utk.edu.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. fmenn@utk.edu.
authors.forename: Fu-Min
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Menn
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. jchen38@utk.edu.
authors.forename: Jiangang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, Heritage University, Toppenish, WA 98948, USA. borman_c@heritage.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Borman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002224:Carbanilides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D002224:Carbanilides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009540:triclocarban
keywords: HPLC-MS/MS; antimicrobials; feces; triclocarban