title: Topical Adrenaline (1: 1000) for the Management of Severe Tarsal Conjunctival Chemosis.
abstract: Severe, refractory tarsal conjunctival chemosis developed in a severely autistic 9-year-old boy with a history of allergic conjunctival chemosis. The child was initially treated with topical and oral antihistamines, topical steroids, lubricants, and topical phenylephrine 10% with worsening of condition until complete eyelid eversion secondary to gross conjunctival chemosis with total obstruction of vision in the affected eye. Subsequently, he was successfully treated with topical adrenaline (1:1000) with rapid and lasting effect. The authors suggest that topical (1:1000) adrenaline is an effective therapy when other conservative therapies fail and can be useful in avoiding examination under general anesthetic and invasive intervention. Such a case has not been previously reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: *The Ophthalmology Department, The Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford; and †Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Emily H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Vasilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liolios
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindfield
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McLean
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D002648:Child; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D004837:Epinephrine