title: Day of injury CT and late MRI findings: Cognitive outcome in a paediatric sample with complicated mild traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Complicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or cmTBI is based on the presence of visibly identifiable brain pathology on the day-of-injury computed tomography (CT) scan. In a paediatric sample the relation of DOI CT to late MRI findings and neuropsychological outcome was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRI (>12 months) was obtained in paediatric cmTBI patients and a sample of orthopaedically injured (OI) children. Those children with positive imaging findings (MRI+) were quantitatively compared to those without (MRI-) or with the OI sample. Groups were also compared in neurocognitive outcome from WASI sub-tests and the WISC-IV Processing Speed Index (PSI), along with the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch) and a parent-rated behavioural functioning measure (ABAS-II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite the MRI+ group having significantly more DOI CT findings than the MRI- group, no quantitative differences were found. WASI Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning scores were significantly lower, but not PSI, TEA-Ch or ABAS-II scores. MRI+ and MRI- groups did not differ on these measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterogeneity in the occurrence of MRI-identified focal pathology was not associated with uniform changes in quantitative analyses of brain structure in cmTBI. Increased number of DOI CT abnormalities was associated with lowered neuropsychological performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Center and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Research Facility, Brigham Young University , UT , USA .
authors.forename: Erin D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Bigler
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jantz
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Farrer
authors.forename: Tracy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Abildskov
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stancin
authors.forename: H Gerry
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vannatta
authors.forename: Keith Owen
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Yeates
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Complicated mild traumatic brain injury; magnetic resonance imaging; neuropsychological outcome; paediatric