title: New α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Triterpenic Acid from Marine Macro Green Alga Codium dwarkense Boergs.
abstract: The marine ecosystem has been a key resource for secondary metabolites with promising biological roles. In the current study, bioassay-guided phytochemical investigations were carried out to assess the presence of enzyme inhibitory chemical constituents from the methanolic extract of marine green alga-Codium dwarkense. The bioactive fractions were further subjected to chromatographic separations, which resulted in the isolation of a new triterpenic acid; dwarkenoic acid (1) and the known sterols; androst-5-en-3β-ol (2), stigmasta-5,25-dien-3β,7α-diol (3), ergosta-5,25-dien-3β-ol (4), 7-hydroxystigmasta-4,25-dien-3-one-7-O-β-d-fucopyranoside (5), 7-hydroxystigmasta-4,25-dien-3-one (6), and stigmasta-5,25-dien-3β-ol (7). The structure elucidation of the new compound was carried out by combined mass spectrometry and 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D (HSQC, HMBC, COSY, and NOESY) NMR spectroscopic data. The sub-fractions and pure constituents were assayed for enzymatic inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. Compound 1 showed significant inhibition at all concentrations. Compounds 2, 3, 5, and 7 exhibited a dose-dependent response, whereas compounds 4-6 showed moderate inhibition. Utilizing such marine-derived biological resources could lead to drug discoveries related to anti-diabetics.
authors.affiliation: UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa-616, Oman. malikhejric@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Liaqat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa-616, Oman. latifepm78@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Abdul Latif
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Marine Science and Fisheries Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Resources, Muscat-113, Oman. lubna.alkharusi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lubna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Kharusi
authors.affiliation: UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa-616, Oman. javidhej@unizwa.edu.om.|Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mauz, Nizwa-616, Oman. javidhej@unizwa.edu.om.
authors.forename: Javid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa-616, Oman. aharrasi@unizwa.edu.om.|Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mauz, Nizwa-616, Oman. aharrasi@unizwa.edu.om.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Harrasi
mesh_terms: D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D013256:Steroids / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D013256:Steroids; C000606989:dwarkenoic acid
keywords: Codium dwarkense; characterization; enzyme inhibition; isolation