title: The influence of physical exercise and leisure activity on neuropsychological functioning in older adults.
abstract: It has been suggested that leisure activity and physical exercise can be a protective factor for neuropsychological functions and are associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of physical exercise and leisure on the neuropsychological functions of healthy older adults. The sample was composed of 51 sedentary female volunteers who were 60-70 years old and were distributed into three groups: A-control, B-leisure, and C-training. Volunteers were submitted to a physical and neuropsychological assessment at baseline and after 6 months. Groups A and B were monitored longitudinally three times a week. Group C improved their neuropsychological functioning and oxygen consumption compared to groups A and B (p = <0.05). The neuropsychological functions of groups A and B were significantly worse after 6 months of monitoring (p = <0.05). The data suggest that physical exercise improves neuropsychological functioning, although leisure activities may also improve this functioning. Thus, an aerobic physical fitness program can partially serve as a non-medication alternative for maintaining and improving these functions in older adults; however, leisure activities should also be considered.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Térreo Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil, hanna.karen@unifesp.br.
authors.forename: Hanna Karen Moreira
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: Ruth Ferreira
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Santos-Galduroz
authors.forename: Valdir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Aquino Lemos
authors.forename: Orlando Francisco Amodeu
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rzezak
authors.forename: Marcos Gonçalves
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: de Santana
authors.forename: Marco Túlio
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: De Mello
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D057185:Sedentary Behavior