title: Malachite green decolorization by the filamentous fungus Myrothecium roridum--Mechanistic study and process optimization.
abstract: The filamentous fungus Myrothecium roridum isolated from a dye-contaminated area was investigated in terms of its use for the treatment of Malachite green (MG). The mechanisms involved in this process were established. Peroxidases and cytochrome P-450 do not mediate MG elimination. The laccase of M. roridum IM 6482 was found to be responsible for the decolorization of 8-11% of MG. Thermostable low-molecular-weight factors (LMWF) resistant to sodium azide were found to be largely involved in dye decomposition. In addition, MG decolorization by M. roridum IM 6482 occurred in a non-toxic manner. Data from antimicrobial tests showed that MG toxicity decreased after decolorization. To optimize the MG decolorization process, the effects of operational parameters (such as the medium pH and composition, process temperature and culture agitation) were examined. The results demonstrate that M. roridum IM 6482 may be used effectively as an alternative to traditional decolorization agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jasińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paraszkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego Street 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sip
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: jdlugo@biol.uni.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Długoński
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000378:metabolism*; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C005095:malachite green; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D042845:Laccase; D010544:Peroxidases
keywords: Cytochrome P-450; Malachite green decolorization; Myrothecium; Oxidoreductive enzymes; Toxicity