title: Cardiac and Vascular Synergic Protective Effect of Olea europea L. Leaves and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Flower Extracts.
abstract: This study was aimed at investigating the cardiovascular effects of an Olea europea L. leaf extract (OEE), of a Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flower extract (HSE), and of their 13 : 2 w/w mixture in order to assess their cardiac and vascular activity. Both extracts were fully characterized in their bioactive compounds by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The study was performed using primary vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the antioxidant and cytoprotective effect of the extracts and their mixture and isolated guinea-pig left and right atria and aorta to evaluate the inotropic and chronotropic activities and vasorelaxant properties. In cultured HUVECs, OEE and HSE reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and improved cell viability, following oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner. OEE and HSE exerted negative inotropic and vasorelaxant effects without any chronotropic property. Interestingly, the mixture exerted higher cytoprotective effects and antioxidant activities. Moreover, the mixture exerted an inotropic effect similar to each single extract, while it revealed an intrinsic negative chronotropic activity different from the single extract; its relaxant activity was higher than that of each single extract. In conclusion OEE and HSE mixture has a good potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical application, thanks to the synergistic effects of the single phytochemicals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Micucci
authors.affiliation: Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47900 Rimini, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malaguti
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 44, 40100 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Tullia Gallina
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Toschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 44, 40100 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Lecce
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aldini
authors.affiliation: Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angeletti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiarini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Budriesi
authors.affiliation: Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47900 Rimini, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hrelia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014665:Vasodilator Agents