title: Alternative Medicine in Diabetes - Role of Angiogenesis, Oxidative Stress, and Chronic Inflammation.
abstract: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia due to lack of or resistance to insulin. Patients with diabetes are frequently afflicted with ischemic vascular disease and impaired wound healing. Type 2 diabetes is known to accelerate atherosclerotic processes, endothelial cell dysfunction, glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins, and vascular denervation. Herbal medicines and naturally occurring substances may positively affect diabetes management, and could thus be utilized as cost-effective means of supporting treatment in developing countries. Natural treatments have been used in these countries for a long time to treat diabetes. The present review analyses the features of aberrant angiogenesis, abnormalities in growth factors, oxidative stress, and metabolic derangements relevant to diabetes, and how herbal substances and their active chemical constituents may counteract these events. Evidence for possible biochemical effectiveness and limitations of herbal medicines are given, as well as details regarding the role of cytokines and nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Sadat City University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: El-Refaei
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Family Science, Taibah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Suha H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Abduljawad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Alghamdi
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D028321:Plant Preparations; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D028321:Plant Preparations; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A