title: Anomalous echo: Exploring abnormal experience correlates of emotional motor resonance in Schizophrenia Spectrum.
abstract: Anomalous experiences such as Basic Symptoms (BS) are considered the first subjective manifestation of the neurobiological substrate of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a low or high emotional motor resonance occurring in Schizophrenia Spectrum (SzSp) patients was related to patients׳ clinical features and to their anomalous subjective experiences as indexed by the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms (BSABS). To this aim, we employed a validated paradigm sensitive in evoking a congruent facial mimicry (measured by means of facial electromyographic activity, EMG) through multimodal positive and negative emotional stimuli presentation. Results showed that SzSp patients more resonating with negative emotional stimuli (i.e. Externalizers) had significantly higher scores in BSABS Cluster 3 (Vulnerability) and more psychotic episodes than Internalizers patients. On the other hand, SzSp patients more resonating with positive emotional stimuli (i.e. Externalizers) scored higher in BSABS Cluster 5 (Interpersonal irritation) than Internalizers. Drawing upon a phenomenological-based perspective, we attempted to shed new light on the abnormal experiences characterizing schizophrenia, explaining them in terms of a disruption of the normal self-perception conveyed by the basic, low-level emotional motor mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Unité mixte de recherche 5229, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bron, France. Electronic address: mariateresa.sestito@nemo.unipr.it.
authors.forename: Mariateresa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sestito
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, AUSL of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Psychiatric Center Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raballo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Alessandra
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Umiltà
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Division, University of Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amore
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Division, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maggini
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012649:Self Concept
keywords: Basic symptoms; Embodiment; Emotions; Facial EMG; Motor resonance; Phenomenology; Schizophrenia Spectrum