title: Modes of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Transmission, Replication and Persistence.
abstract: Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes cancer (Adult T cell Leukemia, ATL) and a spectrum of inflammatory diseases (mainly HTLV-associated myelopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis, HAM/TSP). Since virions are particularly unstable, HTLV-1 transmission primarily occurs by transfer of a cell carrying an integrated provirus. After transcription, the viral genomic RNA undergoes reverse transcription and integration into the chromosomal DNA of a cell from the newly infected host. The virus then replicates by either one of two modes: (i) an infectious cycle by virus budding and infection of new targets and (ii) mitotic division of cells harboring an integrated provirus. HTLV-1 replication initiates a series of mechanisms in the host including antiviral immunity and checkpoint control of cell proliferation. HTLV-1 has elaborated strategies to counteract these defense mechanisms allowing continuous persistence in humans.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), University of Liège (ULg), 4000 Liège, Belgium. a.carpentier@doct.ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carpentier
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), University of Liège (ULg), 4000 Liège, Belgium. py.barez@doct.ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Barez
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), University of Liège (ULg), 4000 Liège, Belgium. mhamaidia@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Malik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamaidia
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), University of Liège (ULg), 4000 Liège, Belgium. helene.gazon@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gazon
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), University of Liège (ULg), 4000 Liège, Belgium. alix.debrogniez@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Alix
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Brogniez
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), University of Liège (ULg), 4000 Liège, Belgium. Srikanthperike@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Srikanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perike
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), University of Liège (ULg), 4000 Liège, Belgium. n.gillet@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gillet
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), University of Liège (ULg), 4000 Liège, Belgium. luc.willems@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Willems
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: HBZ; HTLV-1; Tax; viral persistence; viral replication