title: Early syphilitic hepatitis concomitant with nephrotic syndrome followed by acute kidney injury.
abstract: Although acute hepatitis and nephrotic syndrome are commonly reported as complications of tertiary syphilis, nephrotic syndrome concomitant with hepatitis in early-stage syphilis is rare. Here, we describe the case of a 46-year-old male who was diagnosed with acute liver dysfunction and nephrotic syndrome after presenting with general malaise, and who subsequently developed acute kidney injury. Laboratory examination showed alkaline phosphatase had a greater magnitude of elevation compared to alanine aminotransferase, suggesting the possibility of syphilitic hepatitis. The rapid plasmin regain test and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay were positive, supporting the presence of a syphilis infection. Additionally, liver biopsy examination showed infiltration of inflammatory cells into the portal area and epithelioid cell granulomas. Moreover, kidney biopsy examination by both optical and electron microscopy showed a congestion of neutrophils in the capillary vessels, structural collapse of the tubules, and subepithelial deposits under the epithelium of the glomerular endothelial cells. These pathological changes were consistent with those reported previously for early syphilitic hepatitis and nephrotic syndrome in early-stage syphilis. All the symptoms, including liver and renal dysfunction, resolved after benzyl penicillin treatment was initiated. Hence, we believe early-stage syphilis should be included in the differential diagnosis of unknown liver damage and/or nephrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8506, Japan, kyoshikawa@jikei.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Tamihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Munenori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itagaki
authors.forename: Haruya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sutoh
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aizawa
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors