title: Purple Sweet Potato Leaf Extract Induces Apoptosis and Reduces Inflammatory Adipokine Expression in 3T3-L1 Differentiated Adipocytes.
abstract: Background. Purple sweet potato leaves (PSPL) are widely grown and are considered a healthy vegetable in Taiwan. PSPL contain a high content of flavonoids, and the boiling water-extracted PSPL (PSPLE) is believed to prevent metabolic syndrome. However, its efficacy has not yet been verified. Therefore, we investigated the effect of PSPLE on adipocytes. Methods. The differentiated 3T3-L1 cells used in this study were derived from preadipocytes that were differentiated into adipocytes using an adipogenic agent (insulin, dexamethasone, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine); approximately 90% of the cells were differentiated using this method. Results. Treating the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with PSPLE caused a dose-dependent decrease in the number of adipocytes rather than preadipocytes. In addition, treatment with PSPLE resulted in apoptosis of the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells as determined by DAPI analysis and flow cytometry. PSPLE also increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Furthermore, PSPLE induced downregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Conclusions. These results suggest that PSPLE not only induced apoptosis but also downregulated inflammation-associated genes in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shou-Lun
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ssu-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Ching
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan ; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan ; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yang-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu