title: An experimental relationship between airflow and carbon dioxide concentrations at a rural site.
abstract: The influence of airflow on CO2 concentrations is considered. Two years of measurements recorded with a Picarro G1301 analyser during the night at a rural site were used. Three concentration groups were formed and were related to wind speed. Yearly, directional, and hourly evolution indicated that the isolated contribution of factors affecting CO2 concentrations proves hard to evaluate. Two approaches to airflow based on average wind and a rotating residual were considered. Around two thirds of observations corresponded to anticyclonic rotations. Firstly, circular hodographs of rotating residuals indicated that wavelengths were in the mesoscale range. The greatest concentrations were linked to the lowest wind speeds and no prevailing directions were revealed by the roundness calculation in a spatial analysis using hexagonal cells. Secondly, composite hodographs for anticyclonic turnings were calculated, the greatest concentrations being associated to hodographs with a pronounced curvature. Moreover, these were successfully parameterised using two models. A harmonic function was first used, which satisfactorily fitted hodographs linked to low and intermediate concentrations. The second model initially described the wind direction of residuals with the error function since its change was slow in early and late night-time. Residuals were later parameterised with a second order logarithmic spiral. This procedure successfully fitted the most curved hodographs of low and high concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain. Electronic address: iaperez@fa1.uva.es.
authors.forename: Isidro A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: M Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: M Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pardo
keywords: Composite hodograph; Isopleths; Roundness