title: Retention of sedentary obese visceral white adipose tissue phenotype with intermittent physical activity despite reduced adiposity.
abstract: Regular physical activity is effective in reducing visceral white adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and oxidative stress, and these changes are commonly associated with reduced adiposity. However, the impact of multiple periods of physical activity, intercalated by periods of inactivity, i.e., intermittent physical activity, on markers of AT inflammation and oxidative stress is unknown. In the present study, 5-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups (n = 10/group): sedentary, regular physical activity, and intermittent physical activity, for 24 wk. All animals were singly housed and fed a diet containing 45% kcal from fat. Regularly active mice had access to voluntary running wheels throughout the study period, whereas intermittently active mice had access to running wheels for 3-wk intervals (i.e., 3 wk on/3 wk off) throughout the study. At death, regular and intermittent physical activity was associated with similar reductions in visceral AT mass (approximately -24%, P < 0.05) relative to sedentary. However, regularly, but not intermittently, active mice exhibited decreased expression of visceral AT genes related to inflammation (e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), immune cell infiltration (e.g., CD68, CD11c, F4/80, CD11b/CD18), oxidative stress (e.g., p47 phagocyte oxidase), and endoplasmic reticulum stress (e.g., CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; all P < 0.05). Furthermore, regular, but not intermittent, physical activity was associated with a trend toward improvement in glucose tolerance (P = 0.059). Collectively, these findings suggest that intermittent physical activity over a prolonged period of time may lead to a reduction in adiposity but with retention of a sedentary obese white AT and metabolic phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wainright
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: Joe L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rowles
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Welly
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: Terese M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Zidon
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: T'Keaya L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gaines
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scroggins
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;
authors.forename: Emily K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Anderson-Baucum
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
authors.forename: Alyssa H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hasty
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: Victoria J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Vieira-Potter
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri padillaja@missouri.edu.
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padilla
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010641:Phenotype; D012420:Running; D057185:Sedentary Behavior
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: ER stress; exercise; fat; gene expression; inflammation; obesity; weight cycling