title: Assessment of Prospectively Assigned Likert Scores for Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Biopsies in Patients with Suspected Prostate Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assess the performance of prospectively assigned magnetic resonance imaging based Likert scale scores for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, and analyze the pre-biopsy imaging variables associated with increased cancer detection using targeted magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective review of prospectively generated data including men with abnormal multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (at least 1 Likert score 3 or greater lesion) who underwent subsequent targeted magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy, we determined the association between different imaging variables (Likert score, lesion size, lesion location, prostate volume, radiologist experience) and targeted biopsy positivity rate. We also compared the detection of clinically significant cancer according to Likert scale scores. Tumors with high volume (50% or more of any core) Gleason score 3+4 or any tumor with greater Gleason score were considered clinically significant. Each lesion served as the elementary unit for analysis. We used logistic regression for univariate and multivariate (stepwise selection) analysis to assess for an association between targeted biopsy positivity rate and each tested variable. The relationship between Likert scale and Gleason score was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 161 men with 244 lesions met the study eligibility criteria. Targeted biopsies diagnosed cancer in 41% (66 of 161) of the men and 41% (99 of 244) of the lesions. The Likert score was the strongest predictor of targeted biopsy positivity (OR 3.7, p <0.0001). Other imaging findings associated with a higher targeted biopsy positivity rate included smaller prostate volume (OR 0.7, p <0.01), larger lesion size (OR 2.2, p <0.001) and anterior location (OR 2.0, p=0.01). On multiple logistic regression analysis Likert score, lesion size and prostate volume were significant predictors of targeted biopsy positivity. Higher Likert scores were also associated with increased detection of clinically significant tumors (p <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Likert scale score used to convey the degree of suspicion on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging is the strongest predictor of targeted biopsy positivity and of the presence of clinically significant tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Electronic address: daniel.costa@utsouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Neil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rofsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roehrborn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hornberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Franto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D012007:Rectum; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: biopsy; early detection of cancer; magnetic resonance imaging; prostatic neoplasms; risk assessment