title: Toxic trace elements in maternal and cord blood and social determinants in a Bolivian mining city.
abstract: This study assessed lead, arsenic, and antimony in maternal and cord blood, and associations between maternal concentrations and social determinants in the Bolivian mining city of Oruro using the baseline assessment of the ToxBol/Mine-Niño birth cohort. We recruited 467 pregnant women, collecting venous blood and sociodemographic information as well as placental cord blood at birth. Metallic/semimetallic trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Lead medians in maternal and cord blood were significantly correlated (Spearman coefficient = 0.59; p < 0.001; 19.35 and 13.50 μg/L, respectively). Arsenic concentrations were above detection limit (3.30 μg/L) in 17.9% of maternal and 34.6% of cord blood samples. They were not associated (Fischer's p = 0.72). Antimony medians in maternal and cord blood were weakly correlated (Spearman coefficient = 0.15; p < 0.03; 9.00 and 8.62 μg/L, respectively). Higher concentrations of toxic elements in maternal blood were associated with maternal smoking, low educational level, and partner involved in mining.
authors.affiliation: a Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) , La Paz , Bolivia.|b Servicios de Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud (SELADIS) , Universidad Mayor de San Andrés , La Paz , Bolivia.|c Berlin School of Public Health (BSPH) , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Flavia L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: a Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) , La Paz , Bolivia.|b Servicios de Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud (SELADIS) , Universidad Mayor de San Andrés , La Paz , Bolivia.|d Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM) , Maison des Sciences de l'eau , Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gardon
authors.affiliation: a Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) , La Paz , Bolivia.|b Servicios de Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud (SELADIS) , Universidad Mayor de San Andrés , La Paz , Bolivia.|e Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ) , Université Laval , Québec , Canada.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Castell
authors.affiliation: a Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) , La Paz , Bolivia.|b Servicios de Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud (SELADIS) , Universidad Mayor de San Andrés , La Paz , Bolivia.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paco V
authors.affiliation: c Berlin School of Public Health (BSPH) , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muckelbauer
authors.affiliation: d Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM) , Maison des Sciences de l'eau , Montpellier , France.|f Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Maison des Sciences de l'eau , Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casiot
authors.affiliation: d Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM) , Maison des Sciences de l'eau , Montpellier , France.|f Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Maison des Sciences de l'eau , Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freydier
authors.affiliation: a Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) , La Paz , Bolivia.|g Laboratorio de Calidad Ambiental (LCA) , Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Instituto de Ecología , La Paz , Bolivia.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Duprey
authors.affiliation: c Berlin School of Public Health (BSPH) , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany.|h Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Chih-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: c Berlin School of Public Health (BSPH) , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller-Nordhorn
authors.affiliation: h Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany.|i Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000965:Antimony / Q000097:blood*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000097:blood*; D001838:Bolivia; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008906:Mining; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D000965:Antimony; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: environmental exposure; maternal exposure; metallic trace elements; prenatal exposure; risk factors