title: Neurocranium versus Face: A Morphometric Approach with Classical Anthropometric Variables for Characterizing Patterns of Cranial Integration in Extant Hominoids and Extinct Hominins.
abstract: The relative importance of the two main cranial complexes, the neurocranium and the splanchnocranium, has been examined in the five species of extant hominoids and in a huge sample of extinct hominins using six standard craniometric variables that measure the length, width and height of each cranial module. Factor analysis and two-block partial least squares were used for establishing the major patterns of developmental and evolutionary integration between both cranial modules. The results obtained show that all extant hominoids (including the anatomically modern humans) share a conserved pattern of developmental integration, a result that agrees with previous studies. The pattern of evolutionary integration between both cranial modules in australopiths runs in parallel to developmental integration. In contrast, the pattern of evolutionary and developmental integration of the species of the genus Homo is the opposite, which is probably the consequence of distinctive selective regimes for both hominin groups.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pérez-Claros
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Arenas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palmqvist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000886:Anthropometry; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005580:Fossils; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019974:Pan paniscus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011148:Pongo pygmaeus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology*