title: Establishment of a Macrophage-activating Factor Assay System Using the Human Monocytic Cell Line THP-1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As the mechanism of macrophage activation is not well-understood, standardization of an assay system for measuring phagocytic activities of macrophages will be useful for research on macrophages. Previously, we established a novel standardized macrophage-activating factor (MAF) assay system using U937.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the human monocytic cell line THP-1, another standardized MAF assay system was established. Characteristic gene expression of U937- and THP-1-derived macrophages was compared by gene expression microarray analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both U937- and THP-1-derived macrophages showed obvious phagocytic activities with unique characteristics and, therefore, could not be assigned to a single sub-type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activation of macrophages is an intricate cellular process. Comparison of our two novel assay systems provides new insights into macrophage activation mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumiya
authors.affiliation: Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohda
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuchiike
authors.affiliation: Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.affiliation: Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan nisikata@konan-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikata
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D002460:Cell Line; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology*; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors
keywords: Immunotherapy; THP-1 cell line; U937 cell line; macrophage-activating factor; phagocytic activity