title: Magnetic Resonance Techniques Applied to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) affects at least 10 million people worldwide. It is a neurodegenerative disease, which is currently diagnosed by neurological examination. No neuroimaging investigation or blood biomarker is available to aid diagnosis and prognosis. Most effort toward diagnosis using magnetic resonance (MR) has been focused on the use of structural/anatomical neuroimaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, deep brain stimulation, a current strategy for treating PD, is guided by MR imaging (MRI). For clinical prognosis, diagnosis, and follow-up investigations, blood oxygen level-dependent MRI, DTI, spectroscopy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have been used. These techniques represent the state of the art in the last 5 years. Here, we focus on MR techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico ; Fundación para el Desarrollo Carlos Sigüenza , Puebla , Mexico.
authors.forename: Benito
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Celis Alonso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Imagenología, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez" , Mexico City , Mexico ; Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Silvia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hidalgo-Tobón
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Neurología, Hospital Álvarez-Buylla , Mieres , Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menéndez-González
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango , Durango , Mexico.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arias-Carrión
keywords: MRI; Parkinson’s disease; TMS; diffusion MRI; neuroimaging