title: Carotid Bifurcation Resection and Interposition of a Polytetrafluorethylene Graft (BRIG) for Carotid Disease: A Retrospective Study of 153 Consecutive Procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the gold standard for treatment of carotid artery stenosis. CEA can be challenging, even technically impossible. Prosthetic carotid bypass grafting is a proven and safe alternative when CEA is hazardous. An alternative technique that is prosthetic carotid bifurcation resection and interposition of a polytetrafluorethylene graft (BRIG) is described in this article.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our Department of Vascular Surgery, between January 2007 and October 2014, 103 BRIG procedures were performed. The outcome of conventional CEA and patients treated by the BRIG procedure were compared. Within the same period of time 50 CEA procedures (32.7%) were performed. Morbidity, mortality, and postoperative restenosis were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 30-day mortality was 1% for the BRIG group and 0% in the CEA group (P value, 0.4839). The 30-day stroke rate was 1.9% for the BRIG group and 0% in the CEA group (P value, 0.3222). One patient died in the early postoperative period from acute myocardial infarction. A total of 13 (8.5%) patients died during follow-up, none of which were surgery related. Median follow-up was 29.1 months. There was a statistically higher restenosis rate in the CEA group compared with the BRIG group (16.0% vs. 1.9%, P value, 0.0053). Other complications were comparable. Mean operating and clamping time were significantly shorter in the BRIG group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BRIG appears to be a safe and feasible surgical alternative to CEA. The technique allows for shorter operating time, shorter clamping time, and appears to result in lower restenosis rates. Complication rates seem to be comparable to CEA. Prospective, randomized controlled trials on this topic are needed. To perform bilateral procedures, a bifurcation graft should be created to revascularize both the internal and external carotid artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Heilig-Hartziekenhuis, Lier, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mandeville
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Heilig-Hartziekenhuis, Lier, Belgium.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canovai
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Heilig-Hartziekenhuis, Lier, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Diebels
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Heilig-Hartziekenhuis, Lier, Belgium.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suy
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Heilig-Hartziekenhuis, Lier, Belgium. Electronic address: drpdv@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Vleeschauwer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene