title: Effectively Axonal-supercharged Interpositional Jump-Graft with an Artificial Nerve Conduit for Rat Facial Nerve Paralysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interpositional jump graft (IPJG) is a nerve graft axonally supercharged from the hypoglossal nerve. However, for using the technique, an autologous nerve, which should contain the great auricular and sural nerves, must be obtained. Depending on the donor site, unavoidable issues such as nerve disorders and postoperative scarring may appear. To reduce the issues, in this study, the authors developed an end-to-side neurorrhaphy technique with the recipient nerve and an artificial nerve conduit and investigated the efficacy of an IPJG with an artificial nerve conduit in a rat facial nerve paresis model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A ligature clip was used to crush the facial nerve trunk, thereby creating a partial facial nerve paresis model. An artificial nerve conduit was then prepared with a 10-mm-long silicone tube containing 10 μL type I collagen and used to create an IPJG between the facial nerve trunk and the hypoglossal nerve (the silicone tube group). Thirteen weeks after the surgery, the outcome was histologically and physiologically compared with conventional IPJG with autograft using the great auricular nerve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retrograde tracer test confirmed a double innervation by the facial and hypoglossal nerve nuclei. In the autograft and silicone tube groups, the regeneration of myelinated axons was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the authors successfully developed an end-to-side neurorrhaphy technique with the recipient nerve and an artificial nerve conduit, and revealed that an IPJG in the conduit was effective in the rat facial nerve paresis model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumine
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yorikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamato
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai