title: Women have more potential to induce browning of perirenal adipose tissue than men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can generate heat by burning fatty acids, a process mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). White adipose tissue (WAT) depots can gain BAT-like properties, and various studies have suggested that females have more active BAT or BAT-like WAT. We studied sex differences in BAT-like properties of human perirenal adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 20 male and 24 female healthy live kidney donors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipocyte precursor cells, were isolated from these depots to study whether intrinsic factors control BAT-like properties of the adipose tissue depots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When average outside temperature a week before harvesting was below 11°C, brown-like adipocytes expressing UCP1 were present in perirenal adipose tissue of women, but not of men. MSCs derived from perirenal adipose tissue expressed significantly more UCP1 when from female origin compared to male origin (P = 0.009). However, UCP1 protein content and oxygen consumption rate did not differ between adipocytes derived from male and female perirenal MSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female perirenal adipose tissue has a higher potency to gain BAT-like properties than male perirenal adipose tissue. The degree of gaining BAT-like properties depends on sex-specific intrinsic factors and environmental triggers such as temperature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johanna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van den Beukel
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grefhorst
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hoogduijn
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacobie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steenbergen
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pier G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mastroberardino
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank J M F
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Dor
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Axel P N
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Themmen
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes; D052437:Adipocytes, Brown / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C000604371:UCP1 protein, human; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1