title: Adherence to WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations and metabolic syndrome in breast cancer patients.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), conventionally defined by the presence of at least three out of five dismetabolic traits (abdominal obesity, hypertension, low plasma HDL-cholesterol and high plasma glucose and triglycerides), has been associated with both breast cancer (BC) incidence and prognosis. We investigated the association between the prevalence of MetS and a score of adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) recommendations for the prevention of cancer in a cross-sectional study of BC patients. The DIet and ANdrogen-5 study (DIANA-5) for the prevention of BC recurrences recruited 2092 early stage BC survivors aged 35-70. At recruitment, all women completed a 24-hour food frequency and physical activity diary on their consumption and activity of the previous day. Using these diaries we created a score of adherence to five relevant WCRF/AICR recommendations. The prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MetS associated with the number of recommendations met were estimated using a binomial regression model. The adjusted PRs of MetS decreased with increasing number of recommendations met (p < 0.001). Meeting all the five recommendations versus meeting none or only one was significantly associated with a 57% lower MetS prevalence (95% CI 0.35-0.73). Our results suggest that adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations is a major determinant of MetS and may have a clinical impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive & Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive & Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gargano
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive & Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villarini
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, A.R.N.A.S Ospedali Civico E Benfratelli G. Di Cristina E M. Ascoli, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Traina
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemoprevention and Genetics, European Institute Of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Study University, Turin, Italy.|S.C. Epidemiologia Dei Tumori, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza, CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Piera
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mano
authors.affiliation: Azienda Ospedaliera Unversitaria, Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santucci De Magistris
authors.affiliation: Associazione LUMEN, San Pietro In Cerro (Piacenza), Italy.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simeoni
authors.affiliation: Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Consolaro
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Edo Tempia, Biella, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercandino
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy.
authors.forename: Maggiorino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbero
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Cancer Registry, Unit Of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Basilicata, Rionero In Vulture (Potenza), Italy.
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galasso
authors.affiliation: Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Mantova, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, A.R.N.A.S Ospedali Civico E Benfratelli G. Di Cristina E M. Ascoli, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarcone
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemoprevention and Genetics, European Institute Of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zagallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive & Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Venturelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive & Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellegotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive & Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive & Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasanisi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D024362:Advance Directive Adherence; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendation; breast cancer prognosis; metabolic syndrome prevalence