title: Impact of paliperidone palmitate versus oral atypical antipsychotics on healthcare outcomes in schizophrenia patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess impact of initial treatment and time-dependent treatment with paliperidone palmitate (PP) versus oral atypical antipsychotics (OAAs) on healthcare resource utilization and costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted among Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. Inverse probability treatment weighting method and marginal structural models were used to estimate the impact of treatment on healthcare resource utilization and costs, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to OAAs, PP was associated with lower medical costs (mean monthly cost difference [MMCD] = -US$256; p = 0.008), which offset the higher pharmacy expense (MMCD = US$122; p < 0.001) resulting in nonsignificant cost savings associated with PP (MMCD = -US$91; p = 0.689).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PP was associated with comparable overall costs to OAAs, but with significantly lower medical costs, particularly attributable to reduced inpatient visits and long-term care admissions.
authors.affiliation: Groupe d'Analyse, Ltée, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Yongling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muser
authors.affiliation: Groupe d'Analyse, Ltée, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lafeuille
authors.affiliation: Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pesa
authors.affiliation: Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fastenau
authors.affiliation: Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mei Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Duh
authors.affiliation: Groupe d'Analyse, Ltée, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017046:Cost Savings; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D000068882:Paliperidone Palmitate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000068882:Paliperidone Palmitate
keywords: Medicaid; cost; healthcare resource utilization; inverse probability treatment weighting; marginal structural model; oral atypical antipsychotics; paliperidone palmitate; schizophrenia