title: Anti-Proliferative Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Extract on Human Melanoma A375 Cells.
abstract: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been used since ancient times in traditional medicine, while nowadays various rosemary formulations are increasingly exploited by alternative medicine to cure or prevent a wide range of health disorders. Rosemary's bioproperties have prompted scientific investigation, which allowed us to ascertain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytostatic, and cytotoxic activities of crude extracts or of pure components. Although there is a growing body of experimental work, information about rosemary's anticancer properties, such as chemoprotective or anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells, is very poor, especially concerning the mechanism of action. Melanoma is a skin tumor whose diffusion is rapidly increasing in the world and whose malignancy is reinforced by its high resistance to cytotoxic agents; hence the availability of new cytotoxic drugs would be very helpful to improve melanoma prognosis. Here we report on the effect of a rosemary hydroalcoholic extract on the viability of the human melanoma A375 cell line. Main components of rosemary extract were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) and the effect of the crude extract or of pure components on the proliferation of cancer cells was tested by MTT and Trypan blue assays. The effect on cell cycle was investigated by using flow cytometry, and the alteration of the cellular redox state was evaluated by intracellular ROS levels and protein carbonylation analysis. Furthermore, in order to get information about the molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity, a comparative proteomic investigation was performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.affiliation: Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale, Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cicconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mignogna
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.affiliation: Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale, Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Graziani
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferracane
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grosso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aducci
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schininà
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marra
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D047311:Luteolin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005965:Glucuronates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C484876:scutellarin; C068623:carnosol; D047310:Apigenin; D047311:Luteolin