title: Intervention Planning Using a Laser Navigation System for CT-Guided Interventions: A Phantom and Patient Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the accuracy, efficiency and radiation dose of a novel laser navigation system (LNS) compared to those of free-handed punctures on computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty punctures were performed using a phantom body to compare accuracy, timely effort, and radiation dose of the conventional free-handed procedure to those of the LNS-guided method. An additional 20 LNS-guided interventions were performed on another phantom to confirm accuracy. Ten patients subsequently underwent LNS-guided punctures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phantom 1-LNS group showed a target point accuracy of 4.0 ± 2.7 mm (freehand, 6.3 ± 3.6 mm; p = 0.008), entrance point accuracy of 0.8 ± 0.6 mm (freehand, 6.1 ± 4.7 mm), needle angulation accuracy of 1.3 ± 0.9° (freehand, 3.4 ± 3.1°; p < 0.001), intervention time of 7.03 ± 5.18 minutes (freehand, 8.38 ± 4.09 minutes; p = 0.006), and 4.2 ± 3.6 CT images (freehand, 7.9 ± 5.1; p < 0.001). These results show significant improvement in 60 punctures compared to freehand. The phantom 2-LNS group showed a target point accuracy of 3.6 ± 2.5 mm, entrance point accuracy of 1.4 ± 2.0 mm, needle angulation accuracy of 1.0 ± 1.2°, intervention time of 1.44 ± 0.22 minutes, and 3.4 ± 1.7 CT images. The LNS group achieved target point accuracy of 5.0 ± 1.2 mm, entrance point accuracy of 2.0 ± 1.5 mm, needle angulation accuracy of 1.5 ± 0.3°, intervention time of 12.08 ± 3.07 minutes, and used 5.7 ± 1.6 CT-images for the first experience with patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser navigation system improved accuracy, duration of intervention, and radiation dose of CT-guided interventions.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gruber-Rouh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bolck
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany. ; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21514, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nagy N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt, Erfurt 99089, Germany.
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aschenbach
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.
authors.forename: Julian L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vogl
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, J. W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zangos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011677:Punctures / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
keywords: CT-guided interventions; First experience with patients; LNS; Laser navigation system; Phantom study