title: Exercise training causes differential changes in gene expression in diaphragm arteries and 2A arterioles of obese rats.
abstract: We employed next-generation, transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology to assess the effects of two different exercise training protocols on transcriptional profiles in diaphragm second-order arterioles (D2a) and in the diaphragm feed artery (DFA) from Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Arterioles were isolated from the diaphragm of OLETF rats that underwent an endurance exercise training program (EX; n = 13), interval sprint training program (SPRINT; n = 14), or remained sedentary (Sed; n = 12). Our hypothesis was that exercise training would have similar effects on gene expression in the diaphragm and soleus muscle arterioles because diaphragm blood flow increases during exercise to a similar extent as in soleus. Results reveal that several canonical pathways that were significantly altered by exercise in limb skeletal muscles were not among the pathways significantly changed in the diaphragm arterioles including actin cytoskeleton signaling, role of NFAT in regulation of immune response, protein kinase A signaling, and protein ubiquitination pathway. EX training altered the expression of a smaller number of genes than did SPRINT in the DFA but induced a larger number of genes with altered expression in the D2a than did SPRINT. In fact, FDR differential expression analysis (FDR, 10%) indicated that only two genes exhibited altered expression in D2a of SPRINT rats. Very few of the genes that exhibited altered expression in the DFA or D2a were also altered in limb muscle arterioles. Finally, results indicate that the 2a arterioles of soleus muscle (S2a) from endurance-trained animals and the DFA of SPRINT animals exhibited the largest number of genes with altered expression.
authors.affiliation: Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri laughlinm@missouri.edu.
authors.forename: M Harold
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.affiliation: Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;
authors.forename: Nathan T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: Pamela K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, Alabama; Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama;
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial VA Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; Internal Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rector
authors.affiliation: MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and.
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akter
authors.affiliation: Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and.
authors.forename: J Wade
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D020334:Rats, Inbred OLETF; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
keywords: blood flow; endurance exercise; gene expression; interval sprint training; next generation sequencing; resistance arteries