title: ADIPOQ -11377C>G Polymorphism Increases the Risk of Adipokine Abnormalities and Child Obesity Regardless of Dietary Intake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to verify whether selected functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in LEP, LEPR, and ADIPOQ loci are associated with the development of obesity and serum levels of the respective adipokines in prepubertal white children with obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequencies of -2548G>A LEP (rs7799039), Q223R (rs1137101) and K656N (rs8129183) LEPR, and -11377C>G (rs266729) and -11426A>G (rs16861194) ADIPOQ polymorphisms were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism in 101 obese (standard deviation score [SDS]-body mass index [BMI] >2) and 67 normal-weight (SDS-BMI <- 1 + 1 >) children. Serum adipokine concentrations were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GC/GG genotypes of -11377C>G ADIPOQ polymorphism were associated with a higher risk of obesity (P = 0.022, odds ratio 2.08 [95% confidence interval 1.11-3.90]). Individuals carrying the GG genotype had a higher leptin/total adiponectin ratio by 25% than CC homozygotes (P trend = 0.05). In the multivariate linear regression model, we found differences among particular genotypes of this polymorphism in concentrations of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin (P trend = 0.043) and HMW/total adiponectin ratio (P trend = 0.048), with the lowest values in GG homozygotes. Positive correlations between SDS-BMI and dietary reference intake percentage were observed in individuals homozygous for allele C (r = 0.403, P = 0.01) and CG heterozygotes (r = 0.428, P = 0.004). No significant correlations between both parameters were found in the GG homozygotes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the analyzed polymorphisms, only -11377C>G ADIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with obesity during the prepubertal period. Adipokine abnormalities coexisting with the lack of relations between SDS-BMI and dietary intake may predict a higher risk of future obesity-related disorders in obese children carrying the GG genotype than in those with other genotypes.
authors.affiliation: *Screening Department, Institute of Mother and Child †Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences ‡Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics §Department of Nutrition, Institute of Mother and Child ||Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gajewska
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuryłowicz
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ambroszkiewicz
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mierzejewska
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chełchowska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szamotulska
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weker
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002149:Energy Intake; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D020738:Leptin; D054411:Receptors, Leptin