title: [The atypical developments of rolandic epilepsy are predictable complications].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of atypical features in rolandic epilepsy is part of a clinical spectrum of phenotypes that are variable, idiopathic and age-dependent, as well as having a genetically determined predisposition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the electroclinical characteristics suggesting an atypical development in rolandic epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective search was performed in 133 children diagnosed with atypical benign focal epilepsy (ABFE), Landau-Kleffner syndrome and continuous spike-wave during sleep (CSWS). Nine patients were selected, all of whom presented atypical clinical features and an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) in the course of their rolandic epilepsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age at onset of rolandic epilepsy was 5 years. Patients showed a deterioration of both their clinical features and their EEG recording one and a half years later, on average. ABFE was observed in three of them and CSWS in six. No cases of Landau-Kleffner syndrome were found. The EEG in wakefulness showed the focus to be in the left centrotemporal region in six patients and in three of them it was on the right-hand side. All the patients presented ESES in the EEG during sleep. An atypical pattern was observed in the regional ESES in three of the patients. Moreover, cognitive and behavioural disorders were detected due to deficits in specific learning areas, such as language, memory, attention and restlessness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The early onset of rolandic epilepsy, the appearance of new seizures with an increased frequency and the frontocentrotemporal focus in the EEG, which increases in frequency, both in wakefulness and in sleep, are all electroclinical characteristics of an atypical development.
authors.affiliation: UAM. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Espana.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pesántez-Ríos
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Bermejo
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arcas
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merino-Andreu
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ugalde-Canitrot
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D017668:Age of Onset; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019305:Epilepsy, Rolandic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000150:complications; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020919:Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants