title: "Fair Play": A Videogame Designed to Address Implicit Race Bias Through Active Perspective Taking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Having diverse faculty in academic health centers will help diversify the healthcare workforce and reduce health disparities. Implicit race bias is one factor that contributes to the underrepresentation of Black faculty. We designed the videogame "Fair Play" in which players assume the role of a Black graduate student named Jamal Davis. As Jamal, players experience subtle race bias while completing "quests" to obtain a science degree. We hypothesized that participants randomly assigned to play the game would have greater empathy for Jamal and lower implicit race bias than participants randomized to read narrative text describing Jamal's experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of Wisconsin-Madison graduate students were recruited via e-mail and randomly assigned to play "Fair Play" or read narrative text through an online link. Upon completion, participants took an Implicit Association Test to measure implicit bias and answered survey questions assessing empathy toward Jamal and awareness of bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As hypothesized, gameplayers showed the least implicit bias but only when they also showed high empathy for Jamal (P=0.013). Gameplayers did not show greater empathy than text readers, and women in the text condition reported the greatest empathy for Jamal (P=0.008). However, high empathy only predicted lower levels of implicit bias among those who actively took Jamal's perspective through gameplay (P=0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A videogame in which players experience subtle race bias as a Black graduate student has the potential to reduce implicit bias, possibly because of a game's ability to foster empathy through active perspective taking.
authors.affiliation: 1 William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital , Madison, Wisconsin.|2 Center for Women's Health Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: 2 Center for Women's Health Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaatz
authors.affiliation: 3 Games, Learning and Society, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.|4 Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: 3 Games, Learning and Society, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.|4 Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: 3 Games, Learning and Society, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.|4 Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Clem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Samson-Samuel
authors.affiliation: 1 William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital , Madison, Wisconsin.|2 Center for Women's Health Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.|5 Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.|6 Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.|7 Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carnes