title: Development of Cardiovascular Quality Indicators for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from an International Expert Panel Using a Novel Online Process.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a high risk of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). We developed CVD quality indicators (QI) for screening and use in rheumatology clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted of the literature on CVD risk reduction in RA and the general population. Based on the best practices identified from this review, a draft set of 12 candidate QI were presented to a Canadian panel of rheumatologists and cardiologists (n = 6) from 3 academic centers to achieve consensus on the QI specifications. The resulting 11 QI were then evaluated by an online modified-Delphi panel of multidisciplinary health professionals and patients (n = 43) to determine their relevance, validity, and feasibility in 3 rounds of online voting and threaded discussion using a modified RAND/University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rates for the online panel were 86%. All 11 QI were rated as highly relevant, valid, and feasible (median rating ≥ 7 on a 1-9 scale), with no significant disagreement. The final QI set addresses the following themes: communication to primary care about increased CV risk in RA; CV risk assessment; defining smoking status and providing cessation counseling; screening and addressing hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes; exercise recommendations; body mass index screening and lifestyle counseling; minimizing corticosteroid use; and communicating to patients at high risk of CVD about the risks/benefits of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eleven QI for CVD care in patients with RA have been developed and are rated as highly relevant, valid, and feasible by an international multidisciplinary panel.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Claire E H
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Nanette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: G B John
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lacaille
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keeling
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: J Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Aviña-Zubieta
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khodyakov
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barnabe
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faris
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Alexa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Raheem
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noormohamed
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hazlewood
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: Liam O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research, the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Division of Cardiology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia; The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.C.E. Barber, MD, FRCPC, PhD Candidate, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; D.A. Marshall, MHSA, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology Research; N. Alvarez, MD, FRCPC, BA, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary; G.B. Mancini, MD, FRCPC, Professor, Division of Cardiology; D. Lacaille, MD, FRCPC, MHSc, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; S. Keeling, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; J.A. Aviña-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Research Scientist, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada; D. Khodyakov, PhD, MA, Social/Behavioral Scientist, The RAND Corporation; C. Barnabe, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary and ARC Research Sci
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Esdaile
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D032921:Consensus; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents
keywords: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HEALTHCARE QUALITY INDICATORS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS