title: Large-Scale and Comprehensive Immune Profiling and Functional Analysis of Normal Human Aging.
abstract: While many age-associated immune changes have been reported, a comprehensive set of metrics of immune aging is lacking. Here we report data from 243 healthy adults aged 40-97, for whom we measured clinical and functional parameters, serum cytokines, cytokines and gene expression in stimulated and unstimulated PBMC, PBMC phenotypes, and cytokine-stimulated pSTAT signaling in whole blood. Although highly heterogeneous across individuals, many of these assays revealed trends by age, sex, and CMV status, to greater or lesser degrees. Age, then sex and CMV status, showed the greatest impact on the immune system, as measured by the percentage of assay readouts with significant differences. An elastic net regression model could optimally predict age with 14 analytes from different assays. This reinforces the importance of multivariate analysis for defining a healthy immune system. These data provide a reference for others measuring immune parameters in older people.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chan C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Whiting
authors.affiliation: CytoAnalytics, Denver, CO, United States of America.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hong-Wu
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ash A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jorg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goronzy
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weyand
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eswar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: C Garrison
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fathman
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Holden T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Maecker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002140:California; D054410:Chemokine CCL7 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010641:Phenotype; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C515450:CCL7 protein, human; D054410:Chemokine CCL7; D016207:Cytokines; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen