title: Evaluation of bifenthrin barrier spray on foliage in a suburban eastern North Carolina neighborhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mosquitoes can transmit pathogens through blood feeding. Mosquito control programs conduct surveillance and source reduction, treat mosquito oviposition sites and spray adulticides to protect public health. In some areas, homeowners may contract with private mosquito control companies to address mosquito-related issues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated the efficacy of barrier sprays by comparing weekly host-seeking mosquito abundance at treatment and control properties in a residential neighborhood. The chemical concentration of bifenthrin residue on foliage was quantified, and field-collected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes albopictus, were tested for bifenthrin resistance using bottle bioassays. Mosquito abundance at treatment properties was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than at control properties. Quantities of bifenthrin detected on foliage from treatment properties was not correlated with mosquito abundance. No bifenthrin resistance was detected in captured mosquitoes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the rate of application, we expected that chemical analysis of bifenthrin residue would show similar concentrations of bifenthrin on foliage in treatment areas. Although mosquitoes were not bifenthrin resistant, further studies are needed to evaluate the extent to which resistance changes over time with repeated applications. Findings from this study provide insight into control methods commonly used by mosquito control companies and could potentially be used to guide future mosquito management strategies.
authors.affiliation: East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Amberlynne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: VanDusen
authors.affiliation: East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jo Anne G
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Balanay
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D009032:Mosquito Control; D009657:North Carolina; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C099952:bifenthrin
keywords: Aedes albopictus; mosquito control; mosquitoes; pesticide