title: Validation of the Japanese Version of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Revised.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-revised (ESAS-r) is a brief and widely used symptom measurement tool.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Japanese version of the ESAS-r in Japanese patients with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and known-group validity in 292 Japanese adult patients with cancer. They completed Japanese versions of the ESAS-r, M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Japanese version of the ESAS-r was 0.87. The intraclass correlation coefficient in the test-retest examination ranged from 0.82 to 0.91 for each symptom score and was 0.90 for the total score. Pearson correlation coefficients of each ESAS-r symptom score with corresponding M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 items ranged from 0.45 to 0.80. The total score of the ESAS-r was significantly higher in patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2-4 than in those with a performance status of 0 and 1 (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Japanese version of the ESAS-r is a reliable and valid tool for measuring symptoms in Japanese adult patients with cancer.
authors.affiliation: Seirei Hospice, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Naosuke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokomichi
authors.affiliation: Seirei Hospice, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Palliative and Supportive Care, Shizuoka, Japan; Palliative Care Team, Seirei Hospice, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Psycho-Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nitto
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama City, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishie
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama City, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tarumi
authors.affiliation: Psycho-Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan. Electronic address: asogawa@east.ncc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Asao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D014177:Translations
keywords: Edmonton Symptom Assessment System; Edmonton Symptom Assessment System–revised; reliability; symptom assessment; validation; validity