title: Predictors of Outcome in Ulcerative Colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 80% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have intermittently active disease and up to 20% will require a colectomy, but little data available on predictors of poor disease course. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and genetic markers that can predict prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of patients with UC with ≥5 years of follow-up and available DNA and serum were retrospectively assessed. Immunochip was used to genotype loci associated with immune mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs), inflammatory bowel diseases, and other single nucleotide polypmorphisms previously associated with disease severity. Serum levels of pANCA, ASCA, CBir1, and OmpC were also evaluated. Requirement for colectomy, medication, and hospitalization were used to group patients into 3 prognostic groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six hundred one patients with UC were classified as mild (n = 78), moderate (n = 273), or severe disease (n = 250). Proximal disease location frequencies at diagnosis were 13%, 21%, and 30% for mild, moderate, and severe UC, respectively (P = 0.001). Disease severity was associated with greater proximal extension rates on follow-up (P < 0.0001) and with shorter time to extension (P = 0.03) and to prednisone initiation (P = 0.0004). When comparing severe UC with mild and moderate UC together, diagnosis age >40 and proximal disease location were associated with severe UC (odds ratios = 1.94 and 2.12, respectively). None of the single nucleotide polypmorphisms or serum markers tested was associated with severe UC, proximal disease extension or colectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older age and proximal disease location at diagnosis, but not genetic and serum markers, were associated with a more severe course. Further work is required to identify biomarkers that will predict outcomes in UC.
authors.affiliation: *Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; †Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; ‡Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Neuroscience Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; §University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ||Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and ¶Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waterman
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Amreen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dinani
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stempak
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Croitoru
authors.forename: Geoffrey C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Zane
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Robin S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: Gordon R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: A Hillary
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Steinhart
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Silverberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000097:blood; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003082:Colectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005408:Flagellin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018272:Porins / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D015415:Biomarkers; C502160:CBir1 flagellin; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C113724:OmpC protein; D018272:Porins; D005408:Flagellin; D011241:Prednisone