title: Measurement invariance of the people of Color Racial Identity Attitudes Scale with Asian Americans.
abstract: Racial identity has been linked to a number of important psychological outcomes, including perceptions of racism, self-esteem, and psychological well-being in Asian American populations. Although the People of Color Racial Identity Attitudes Scale (PRIAS; Helms, 1995) is the most widely used measure in Asian American racial identity research, numerous competing measurement models of the PRIAS have been identified in independent Asian American samples. Therefore, this study tested these competing PRIAS measurement models and also examined PRIAS measurement invariance across generational status, gender, and ethnicity using a combined sample of 1,946 Asian American college students and community adults. Study findings demonstrated the superiority of a 12-item 4-factor PRIAS measurement model that was consistent with Helms's original racial identity theory, suggesting that the PRIAS operates in an equivalent manner across generational status, gender, and ethnicity. Study limitations and future directions for research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: College of Health and Social Sciences, San Francisco State University.
authors.forename: Alvin N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Integrated Assessment Services.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Office of Professional Advising and Development, Palo Alto University.
authors.forename: Grace A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland.
authors.forename: Derek K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D001290:Attitude / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012933:Social Identification; D014481:United States