title: Percutaneous Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect with Modified Double-disk Occluder: What Is the Outcome at 10-year Follow-up?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect is one of the greatest challenges in interventional cardiology. The long-term follow-up data are still limited. This report presents our experience in percutaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect with modified double-disk occluder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is a retrospective analysis of cases from the Changhai Hospital clinic database.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinic database from December 2001 to December 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 117 patients who underwent percutaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Procedural data and complications were assessed by an expert panel of cardiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Device implantation was successfully accomplished in 113 of a total 117 patients (96.6%). The mean age was 31.1 ± 12.5 years (range 2-56 years). The patients were followed for a period of 86-134 months. The diameter of defect was 2-15 mm (mean 4.9 ± 2.9 mm). The ventricular septal defect rim below the aortic valve was 1-5 mm. The mean diameter of device used was 6.9 ± 3.7 (range 4-24 mm). Four patients presented complete atrio-ventricular block within 1 week after the procedure and recovered within 3 weeks. No other patient encountered serious adverse events during the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect is safe and effective in most selected patients with modified double-disk occluder. Additional studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are needed to evaluate its safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Xian
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001027:Aortography; D054537:Atrioventricular Block / Q000209:etiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Catheterization; Closure; Ventricular Septal Defect