title: Topography of inferior epigastric artery relevant to laparoscopy: a CT angiographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of inferior epigastric artery (IEA) injury is 0.2-2 %. The aim of this study was to trace the position and course of the inferior epigastric artery in the anterior abdominal wall above the inguinal ligament at three important landmarks, i.e., at the mid-inguinal point, Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and umbilicus in abdominal CT Angiograms. The study also correlates the relationship of body build and the position of the inferior epigastric artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 50 CT Abdominal angiograms, the course of the inferior epigastric artery was traced and distance between the artery and midline was measured at the above landmarks using measurement tool on the picture archival and communication system. The measurements were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and expressed as mean and standard deviation. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the mean values and ratios in males and females. Linear regression was done to derive formulas by which the position of the inferior epigastric artery could be found.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean distance of the inferior epigastric artery from the midline was 5.17 ± 0.93 cm at the level of mid-inguinal point, 4.57 ± 1.05 cm at the level of ASIS and 5.27 ± 1.17 cm at the level of umbilicus. There was a definitive predictive pattern in the course of the artery as seen in correlation and regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The security distance for safe trocar placement was 6 cm at the level of ASIS and 9 cm at the level of umbilicus. Preoperative IEA assessment is helpful in reducing injuries to IEA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492099, India. drpraisyjoy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Praisy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632004, India.
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632002, India.
authors.forename: Ivan James
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Prithishkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632002, India.
authors.forename: Bina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Isaac
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D019074:Epigastric Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values
keywords: Anterior superior iliac spine; Hemorrhage; Inferior epigastric artery; Laparoscopic surgery