title: Bio-mimetic composite scaffold from mussel shells, squid pen and crab chitosan for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: In the present study, chitosan/hydroxyapatite (HA)/β-tircalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composites were produced using squid pen derived chitosan (CHS) and commercial crab derived chitosan (CHC). CHS was prepared from squid pens by alkaline N-deacetylation. HA and β-TCP were extracted from mussel shells using a microwave irradiation method. Two different composites were prepared by incorporating 50% (w/w) HA/(β-TCP) in CHS or CHC followed by lyophilization and cross-linking of composites by tripolyphosphate (TPP). The effect of different freezing temperatures of -20, -80 and -196 °C on the physicochemical characteristics of composites was investigated. A simulated body fluid (SBF) solution was used for preliminary in vitro study for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days and the composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM, μ-CT and ICP-MS. Porosity, pore size, water uptake; water retention abilities and in vitro degradations of the prepared composites were evaluated. The CHS composites were found to have higher porosity (62%) compared to the CHC composites (porosity 42%) and better mechanical properties. The results of this study indicated that composites produced at -20 °C had higher mechanical properties and lower degradation rate compared with -80 °C. Chitosan from the squid pen is an excellent biomaterial candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: amin.shavandi@postgrad.otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shavandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Alaa El-Din A
authors.initials: Ael-D
authors.lastname: Bekhit
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: M Azam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Zhifa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D060105:Animal Shells / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D003386:Brachyura / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019245:Compressive Strength; D049832:Decapodiformes / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D014867:Water; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan; Hydroxyapatite; Squid pen