title: Pediatric Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis Complicated by N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antibody Encephalitis.
abstract: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies (NMDAR-Abs) can contribute to neurological relapse after herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE). We describe a child with NMDAR-Ab encephalitis after HSE, which was recognized and treated early. We discuss the case in the context of existing reports, and we propose a modified immunotherapy strategy to minimize risk of viral reactivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases ; Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alasdair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bamford
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Neurodisability Service, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Belinda H A
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hacohen
authors.affiliation: Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology, St George's Hospital, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases ; Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tudor-Williams
authors.affiliation: Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sancho-Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom ; Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Neurodisability Service, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sunil P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Pullaperuma
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D003000:Clonidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003975:Diazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020803:Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D004678:Encephalomalacia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D000066530:Neurological Rehabilitation; D010154:Pakistan; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000276:immunology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology; D014282:Trihexyphenidyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006113:United Kingdom; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; D014282:Trihexyphenidyl; D003000:Clonidine; D003975:Diazepam; D000212:Acyclovir; D010634:Phenobarbital
keywords: HSV; NMDAR; encephalitis; pediatric; plasmapheresis