title: Transcription Blockage Leads to New Beginnings.
abstract: Environmental agents are constantly challenging cells by damaging DNA, leading to the blockage of transcription elongation. How do cells deal with transcription-blockage and how is transcription restarted after the blocking lesions are removed? Here we review the processes responsible for the removal of transcription-blocking lesions, as well as mechanisms of transcription restart. We also discuss recent data suggesting that blocked RNA polymerases may not resume transcription from the site of the lesion following its removal but, rather, are forced to start over from the beginning of genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. leolima11@gmail.com.|Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil. leolima11@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Leonardo C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Andrade-Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. abveloso@gmail.com.|Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. abveloso@gmail.com.|Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. abveloso@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ljungman@umich.edu.|Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ljungman@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ljungman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D061805:Transcription Elongation, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012313:RNA; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
keywords: DNA damage; DNA repair; RNA polymerase II; recovery of RNA synthesis