title: Difference in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Responses Induced in THP1 Cells by Particulate Matter Collected on Days with and without ASIAN Dust Storms.
abstract: The associations between particulate matter from Asian dust storms (ADS) and health disorders differ among studies, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, ADS and non-ADS particles were tested for their potential to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with adverse respiratory effects. Particulate matter was collected in Japan during four periods in 2013 (2 × ADS periods; 2 × non-ADS). THP1 cells were exposed to this particulate matter, and the levels of various interleukins (ILs), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Levels of IL-2 increased significantly following exposure to all particulate matter samples (compared to levels in a solvent control). Increased levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were also observed following exposure to particles collected during three (one ADS and two non-ADS) and two (one ADS and one non-ADS) collection periods, respectively. Thus, the effects of particulate matter on cytokine responses differed according to collection period, and the effects of ADS particles differed for each ADS event. Additionally, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by ADS particles were not always higher than those induced by non-ADS particles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan. watanabm@grape.med.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masanari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan. junkurajun@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-0014, Japan. hsano@med.kindai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan. yamasaki@med.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan. eiji@med.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins; D007564:Japan; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004391:Dust; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D052638:Particulate Matter; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Asian dust storm; THP1; cytokine; particulate matter