title: The association of calcaneal spur length and clinical and functional parameters in plantar fasciitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plantar fasciitis (PF)is the most common cause of plantar heel pain. Despite many treatment alternatives for heel spur, the association of calcaneal spur size with clinical and functional parameters is inconclusive. The objective of this study to investigate the correlation of calcaneal spur length with clinical findings and functional status documented with Foot Function Index in patients with plantar fasciitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed power analysis for the sample size estimation. 87 patients with PF were scrutinized to reach the estimated patient number 75. Computer-aided linear measurements were done for spur length from tip to base in milimeters. Perceived pain intensity was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS). Patients were asked to rate the pain experienced on a 10-cm VAS. Foot function index was applied to the patients to evaluate pain, disability and activity limitation of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 75 participants, 24 were males (32%) and 51 were females (68%). The mean age was 47 ± 10 years (range 30-65 years). The mean calcaneal spur length was 3.86 ± 3.36 mm (range between 0 and 12.2). Calcaneal spur length was significantly correlated with age (p = 0.003), BMI (p = 0.029), symptom duration, (p = 0.001) VAS (p = 0.003), and FFI total score (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that length of the calcaneal spur is significantly correlated with age, BMI, symptom duration, perceived pain, FFI pain and disability subscores, and FFI total scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The size of the calcaneal spur is an important parameter correlated with pain and functional scores in PF.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: ersinkuyucu@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Ersin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuyucu
authors.affiliation: Pamukkale University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Denizli, Turkey. Electronic address: figen7876@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koçyiğit
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: drmehmeterdil@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erdil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D036981:Fasciitis, Plantar / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D036982:Heel Spur / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: Body mass index; Heel spur syndrome; Musculoskeletal disease; Roentgenography