title: Houttuynia cordata aqueous extract attenuated glycative and oxidative stress in heart and kidney of diabetic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The anti-glycative and anti-oxidative effects from Houttuynia cordata leaves aqueous extract (HCAE) in heart and kidney of diabetic mice were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  HCAE, at 1 or 2 %, was supplied in drinking water for 8 weeks. Plasma glucose and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity were measured. The production of oxidative and inflammatory factors was determined. Activity and protein expression of associated enzymes or regulators were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCAE intake at both doses lowered plasma glucose and BUN levels, and CPK activity and also restored creatinine clearance rate in diabetic mice. HCAE intake, only at 2 %, retained plasma insulin levels (P < 0.05). HCAE reduced reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, N (ε) -(carboxymethyl)-lysine, pentosidine and fructose levels, and reserved glutathione content in heart and kidney of diabetic mice (P < 0.05). Diabetes enhanced aldose reductase (AR) activity and protein expression in heart and kidney (P < 0.05). HCAE intake at both doses decreased renal AR activity and protein expression, but only at 2 % lowered cardiac AR activity and protein expression (P < 0.05). Diabetes increased protein expression of RAGE, p47(phox) and gp91(phox), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p50, NF-κB p65 and mitogen-activated protein kinase in heart and kidney (P < 0.05). HCAE intake only at 2 % limited RAGE expression, but at 1 and 2 % downregulated p47(phox), NF-κB p65 and p-p38 expression in these organs (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that Houttuynia cordata leaves aqueous extract could ameliorate cardiac and renal injury under diabetic condition.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.|Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-shih Rd., Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-shih Rd., Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-shih Rd., Taichung City, Taiwan. mcyin@mail.cmu.edu.tw.|Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan. mcyin@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Mei-Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005632:Fructose / Q000097:blood; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D052859:Houttuynia / Q000737:chemistry*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C000593873:Ager protein, mouse; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005632:Fructose; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D001120:Arginine; C062187:pentosidine; C488842:Cybb protein, mouse; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C060505:neutrophil cytosolic factor 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005978:Glutathione; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Diabetes; Glycation; Houttuynia cordata; NADPH oxidase; Polyol pathway