title: Salidroside ameliorates cognitive impairment in a d-galactose-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible preventive effects of salidroside (sal) on a rat model of Alzheimer's disease and to explore its possible mechanism. Sub-acute aging was induced in male SD rats by subcutaneous injection of d-gal (120mg/kg) for 42 days, and the rats were treated with sal (20, 40mg/kg) or normal saline for 28 days after 14 days of d-gal injection. Morris water maze (MWM) test and step-down passive avoidance test were conducted to evaluate the cognitive function of the rats. The levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in hippocampus were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of sal. Further, we estimated the expression levels of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip/vitamin D3 up-regulated protein/thioredoxin binding protein-2), Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9 and related-proteins of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway by western blot assay. It showed that administration of sal significantly attenuated all the d-gal-induced changes in the hippocampus, including cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation. These analytical results provides evidence that sal can improve cognitive capacity by inhibiting neuroinflammation and affecting apoptosis-related proteins in hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wenjiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiayun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Lingpeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: machunhua25@126.com.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: yantianhuabest@126.com.
authors.forename: Tianhua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D005690:Galactose / Q000633:toxicity*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C493796:TXNIP protein, rat; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D053453:Caspase 9; C009172:rhodioloside; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Anti-apoptosis; Anti-inflammation; Cognitive impairment; Sal