title: Combustion kinetics of hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonisation of Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) fruit hulls via thermogravimetric analysis.
abstract: This study examined the combustion profile and kinetics of hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) of Karanj fruit hulls (KFH). The HTC-KFH hydrochar combustion kinetics was investigated at 5, 10, and 20°C/min by thermogravimetric analysis. The kinetics model, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose revealed the combustion kinetics parameters for the extent of conversion from 0.1 to 0.8; the activation energy varies from 114 to 67 kJ/mol respectively. The hydrochar combustion followed multi-steps kinetics; the Coats-Redfern models predicted the activation energies and pre-exponential constants for the hydrochar combustion zones. The diffusion models are the effective mechanism in the second and third zone.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Azharul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asif
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: chbassim@usm.my.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hameed
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D033641:Millettia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013818:Thermogravimetry / Q000379:methods*; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D014866:Waste Products; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Hydrochar; Hydrothermal carbonisation; Isoconversional kinetics; Karanj fruit hulls; Thermogravimetric analysis