title: Nutrition Support for Children Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgeries: A Narrative Review.
abstract: Energy imbalance in infants and children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is common and influenced by age, underlying cardiac diagnoses, and presence or absence of congestive heart failure. During the surgical hospitalization period, these children are prone to nutritional deterioration due to stress of surgery, anesthetic/perfusion techniques, and postoperative care. Poor nutrition is associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. This review aims to examine various aspects of nutrition in critically ill children with CHD, including (1) energy expenditure, (2) perioperative factors that contribute to energy metabolism, (3) bedside practices that are potentially able to optimize nutrient delivery, and (4) medium- to long-term impact of energy balance on clinical outcomes. We propose a nutrition algorithm to optimize nutrition of these children in the perioperative period where improvements in nutrition status will likely impact surgical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Judith J M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Ira M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Cheifetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chengsi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate School of Medicine, Singapore lee.jan.hau@kkh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Jan Hau
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018529:Nutritional Support / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care
keywords: cardiac intensive care; children; congenital heart disease; congenital heart surgery; intensive care; nutrition; pediatric