title: Children's Out-of-School Independently Mobile Trips, Active Travel, and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Examination from the Kids in the City Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study aim was to determine the association between children's objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and active trips (AT) and independently mobile trips (IM) during out-of-school hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 9 to 13 years (n = 254) were recruited from 9 schools in Auckland, New Zealand between 2011 and 2012. Children completed travel diaries and wore accelerometers for 7 days. Parents provided demographic information. Geographic information systems-derived distance to school was calculated. Accelerometer data were extracted for out of school hours only. Percentage of time spent in MVPA (%MVPA), AT, and IM were calculated. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine the relationship between daily %MVPA and AT and between daily %MVPA and IM, accounting for age, sex, ethnicity, distance to school, day of the week, and numeric day of data collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant positive relationship was observed between %MVPA and both AT and IM. For every unit increase in the daily percentage of trips made that were AT or IM, we found an average increase of 1.28% (95% CI 0.87%, 1.70%) and 1.15% (95% CI 0.71%, 1.59%) time in MVPA, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children's AT and IM are associated with increased MVPA during out-of-school hours.
authors.affiliation: Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Melody
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witten
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mavoa
authors.forename: Hannah M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Badland
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: Moushumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaudhury
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kearn
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D010290:Parents; D012574:Schools; D014195:Travel; D016138:Walking