title: Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) using Response Surface Methodology.
abstract: Haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) are a rich source of bioactive molecules. As such, the extraction of anthocyanins is important for the development of many value-added products and functional food ingredients. In this paper, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of anthocyanins from haskap berries was investigated. Significant independent variables were screened and optimized using Plackett-Burman (PB) and Box-Behnken (BB) designs, respectively. The mathematical model showed a high coefficient of determination (R(2)=0.9396) and the optimum conditions for the extraction were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 25:1 (mL/g), solvent composition of 80% ethanol, addition of 0.5% formic acid, ultrasound bath temperature of 35°C for 20 min. Under these conditions, the total anthocyanin content of 22.73 mg cyaniding 3-glucoside equivalents (C3G)/g dry weight (DW) was consistent with the predicted response of 22.45 mg C3G/g DW from the model (mean error of 1.28%). Five anthocyanins were identified in the optimized extract, namely cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, and peonidin 3-glucoside. Thus, UAE is a suitable technique for the extraction of anthocyanins from haskap berries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Giovana Bonat
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Celli
authors.affiliation: Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Amyl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.affiliation: Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. Electronic address: Su-Ling.Brooks@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Marianne Su-Ling
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D031239:Lonicera / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins
keywords: Anthocyanin; Box–Behnken design; Lonicera caerulea L.; Plackett–Burman design; Ultrasound