title: Sphere Drag and Heat Transfer.
abstract: Modelling fluid flows past a body is a general problem in science and engineering. Historical sphere drag and heat transfer data are critically examined. The appropriate drag coefficient is proposed to replace the inertia type definition proposed by Newton. It is found that the appropriate drag coefficient is a desirable dimensionless parameter to describe fluid flow physical behavior so that fluid flow problems can be solved in the simple and intuitive manner. The appropriate drag coefficient is presented graphically, and appears more general and reasonable to reflect the fluid flow physical behavior than the traditional century old drag coefficient diagram. Here we present drag and heat transfer experimental results which indicate that there exists a relationship in nature between the sphere drag and heat transfer. The role played by the heat flux has similar nature as the drag. The appropriate drag coefficient can be related to the Nusselt number. This finding opens new possibilities in predicting heat transfer characteristics by drag data. As heat transfer for flow over a body is inherently complex, the proposed simple means may provide an insight into the mechanism of heat transfer for flow past a body.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Combustion and Thermal System, School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Combustion and Thermal System, School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Boshu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Power Engineering of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory for CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan