title: Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands.
abstract: Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.identifier: 0000000167809259
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Seabloom
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.identifier: 0000000322595853
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Borer
authors.affiliation: 1] ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. [2] School of Natural Sciences &Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Yvonne M
authors.identifier: 0000000175993201
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: Ecology, Behavior &Evolution Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Elsa E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder Colorado 80309, USA.
authors.forename: Kendi F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer
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authors.lastname: Firn
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. [2] German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [3] Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: W Stanley
authors.identifier: 0000000234049174
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Harpole
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. [2] Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hautier
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: MacDougall
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Orrock
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia.
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Prober
authors.affiliation: Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA.
authors.forename: T Michael
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
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authors.affiliation: Rangeland Resources Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA.
authors.forename: Dana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University, Department of Plant Biology, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Lars A
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authors.lastname: Brudvig
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
authors.forename: Marc
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authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Chengjin
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authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
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authors.affiliation: Department Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
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authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen I
authors.initials: EI
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authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Carla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Dantonio
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: DeCrappeo
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Guozhen
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authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Lab, Temple, Texas 76502, USA.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.identifier: 0000000282916316
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Fay
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frater
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.identifier: 0000000231534297
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authors.affiliation: 1] School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa. [2] Department of Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hagenah
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
authors.forename: Andy
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authors.lastname: Hector
authors.affiliation: Carl-von-Ossietzky University, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Wilhelmshaven 26382, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hillebrand
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Kirsten S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hofmockel
authors.affiliation: INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA.
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authors.initials: HC
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authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA.
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authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of St Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
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authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa.
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
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authors.affiliation: Department of Ecosystem Science &Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Julia A
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authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: La Pierre
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
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authors.lastname: Ladwig
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
authors.forename: John G
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authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai 810008, China.
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authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. [2] Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Plant &Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: McCulley
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder Colorado 80309, USA.
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authors.initials: BA
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authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599, USA.
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authors.initials: CE
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authors.forename: Joslin L
authors.initials: JL
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authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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authors.initials: DA
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authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
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authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India.
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authors.lastname: Sankaran
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
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authors.lastname: Schuetz
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto St George, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 2J7.
authors.forename: Anna
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authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Melinda D
authors.initials: MD
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authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
authors.forename: Carly J
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authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
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authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolkovich
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.identifier: 0000000323614286
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wragg
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Louie
authors.identifier: 0000000292375357
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mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D017753:Ecosystem; D005068:Eutrophication; D005502:Food; D065948:Grassland; D060434:Herbivory; D058865:Introduced Species; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D010944:Plants; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D014714:Vertebrates
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen