title: Evaluation of peri-implant buccal bone by computed tomography: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of measuring peri-implant buccal bone when using three different computed tomography devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty tissue-level or bone-level dental implants were placed in bovine ribs with either buccal bone full coverage, dehiscence or fenestration. For each site, the distance from the bone defect to the implant neck and the buccal bone thickness 1 mm apical to the crest were measured using a calliper. Subsequently, all sites were scanned in a reproducible position using a multi-slice computed tomography (CT) (Brightspeed, voxel size 0.625 mm) and two cone-beam computed tomography devices (i-CAT NG, voxel size 0.3 mm and Newtom VGi, voxel size 0.2 mm). Bone thickness was measured on images from the three systems similar to direct measurements and differences were evaluated. Factors that could influence the buccal bone identification were assessed by multiple binary logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Buccal bone ranged from 0.1 mm to 2.75 mm in thickness and was not visible in 68%, 63% and 60% of cases when using CT, i-CAT and Newtom, respectively. For each mm of bone thickness increment, the odds of radiographic identification increased by 30.6 (P < 0.001). Bone defects negatively affected radiographic visibility (P < 0.05). All devices underestimated bone dimensions although differences among them were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within these experimental conditions, the investigated devices have equivalent low accuracy in diagnosing peri-implant buccal bone. Accuracy was significantly influenced by buccal bone thickness, especially if <1 mm, and in presence of peri-implant marginal defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania Dental School, Philadelphia, PA, USA.|Department of Periodontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: González-Martín
authors.affiliation: Department of Esthetic Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oteo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.affiliation: Specialist Clinic for Periodontology, Goteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0544-3225
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veltri
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D002417:Cattle; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: cone-beam CT; cortical bone; dental implant