title: Resistance to cancer chemotherapy: failure in drug response from ADME to P-gp.
abstract: Cancer chemotherapy resistance (MDR) is the innate and/or acquired ability of cancer cells to evade the effects of chemotherapeutics and is one of the most pressing major dilemmas in cancer therapy. Chemotherapy resistance can arise due to several host or tumor-related factors. However, most current research is focused on tumor-specific factors and specifically genes that handle expression of pumps that efflux accumulated drugs inside malignantly transformed types of cells. In this work, we suggest a wider and alternative perspective that sets the stage for a future platform in modifying drug resistance with respect to the treatment of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Khalid O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Alfarouk
authors.affiliation: University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian-Martin
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Abdel Khalig
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Muddathir
authors.affiliation: H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verduzco
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Adil H H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.affiliation: King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Osama Y
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Uneizah Pharmacy College, Qassim University, AL-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Gamal O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Elhassan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, Vitoria, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harguindey
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Stephan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Reshkin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Muntaser E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rauch
keywords: ADME; Drug; MDR; Pharmacokinetics; Resistance; pH