title: Nighttime Systolic Blood-Pressure Load Is Correlated with Target-Organ Damage Independent of Ambulatory Blood-Pressure Level in Patients with Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impacts of blood pressure (BP) load on target-organ damage in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are largely unclear. We examined whether BP load is correlated with target-organ damage (TOD) in Chinese CKD patients independent of BP level.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 1219 CKD patients admitted to our hospital division in this cross-sectional study. The TOD were measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in this study. Univariate and multivariate linear analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) load, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) load and these renal, cardiovascular parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariable-adjusted models, BP load and ambulatory BP levels both independently correlated with LVMI, eGFR and proteinuria in all groups of CKD patients (p<0.05), 24-h SBP correlated with cIMT only in non-diabetic CKD patients without hypertension (p<0.05), while nighttime SBP load was associated with cIMT only in non-diabetic CKD patients (p<0.05). Furthermore, nighttime SBP load additionally increased coefficient of determination (R(2)) and correlated with LVMI, proteinuria in non-diabetic CKD patients without hypertension (R(2) = 0.034, P<0.001 and R(2) = 0.012, P = 0.006 respectively) and LVMI, cIMT, eGFR in non-diabetic CKD patients with hypertension (R(2)>0.008, P<0.05) in multivariable-adjusted model which already including the 24-h BP. BP load did not refine this correlation based on the 24-h BP level in diabetic CKD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Night-time SBP load was correlated with TOD in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease independent of BP level.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
authors.forename: Wenyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
authors.forename: Zengchun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
authors.forename: Tanqi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult