title: Equity in Distribution of Health Care Resources; Assessment of Need and Access, Using Three Practical Indicators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Equitable distribution of health system resources has been a serious challenge for long ago among the health policy makers. Conducted studies have mostly ever had emphasis on equality rather than equity. In this paper we have attempted to examine both equality and equity in resources distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an applied and descriptive study in which we plotted Lorenz and concentration curves to describe graphically the distribution of hemodialysis beds and nephrologists as two complementary resources in health care in relation to hemodialysis patients. To end this, inequality and inequity were measured by calculating Gini- coefficient, concentration and Robin Hood indices. We used STATA and EXCEL software to calculate indicators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that inequality was not seen in hemodialysis beds in population level. However, distribution of nephrologists without considering population needs was accompanied with some sort of inequality. Gini- coefficient for beds and nephrologists distribution in population level was respectively 0.02 and 0.38. Hence, calculation of concentration index for distribution of hemodialysis beds and nephrologists with regard to population needs indicated that unlike beds distribution, equity gap between nephrologists distribution against patients distribution among the provinces was considerably significant again.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results imply that although hemodialysis beds in Iran have been distributed in connection with the population need, nephrologists' distribution is not the same as hemodialysis beds one and this imbalance in complementary resources, can affect both efficiency and equitable access to services for population.
authors.affiliation: 1. Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 2. Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Omrani-Khoo
authors.affiliation: 3. Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lotfi
authors.affiliation: 1. Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Safari
authors.affiliation: 1. Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zargar Balaye Jame
authors.affiliation: 1. Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moghri
authors.affiliation: 1. Dept. of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Milad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shafii
keywords: Concentration index; Equity; Gini- coefficient; Lorenz curve