title: Comparative genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics give new insight into the exoproteome of the basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum and its involvement in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.
abstract: Extracellular proteins play crucial roles in the interaction between mycorrhizal fungi and their environment. Computational prediction and experimental detection allowed identification of 869 proteins constituting the exoproteome of Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Small secreted proteins (SSPs) and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were the two major classes of extracellular proteins. Twenty-eight per cent of the SSPs were secreted by free-living mycelia and five of the 10 most abundant extracellular proteins were SSPs. By contrast, 63-75% of enzymes involved in nutrient acquisition were secreted. A total of 150 extracellular protein-coding genes were differentially expressed between mycorrhizas and free-living mycelia. SSPs were the most affected. External environmental conditions also affected expression of 199 exoproteome genes in mycorrhizas. SSPs displayed different patterns of regulation in response to presence of a host plant or other environmental signals. Several of the genes most overexpressed in the presence of organic matter encoded oxidoreductases. Hebeloma cylindrosporum has not fully lost its ancestral saprotrophic capacities but rather adapted them not to harm its hosts and to use soil organic nitrogen. The complex and divergent patterns of regulation of SSPs in response to a symbiotic partner and/or organic matter suggest various roles in the biology of mycorrhizal fungi.
authors.affiliation: Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doré
authors.affiliation: Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perraud
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Platform, UMR5240, 14 impasse Pierre Baizet, BP 99163, F-69263, Lyon Cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dieryckx
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France.
authors.forename: Annegret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henrissat
authors.affiliation: US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.affiliation: Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Place Viala, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Sabine D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Platform, UMR5240, 14 impasse Pierre Baizet, BP 99163, F-69263, Lyon Cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.affiliation: US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA.
authors.forename: Igor V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Grigoriev
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marmeisse
authors.affiliation: Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gay
mesh_terms: D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D023281:Genomics; D055364:Hebeloma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D013559:Symbiosis; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Hebeloma cylindrosporum; ectomycorrhiza; exoproteome; shotgun protein quantification; soil organic matter; transcriptome