title: Key metabolic pathways involved in xenobiotic biotransformation and stress responses revealed by transcriptomics of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea brasiliana.
abstract: The Brazilian oyster Crassostrea brasiliana was challenged to three common environmental contaminants: phenanthrene, diesel fuel water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and domestic sewage. Total RNA was extracted from the gill and digestive gland, and cDNA libraries were sequenced using the 454 FLX platform. The assembled transcriptome resulted in ̃20,000 contigs, which were annotated to produce the first de novo transcriptome for C. brasiliana. Sequences were screened to identify genes potentially involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics and associated antioxidant defence mechanisms. These gene families included those of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450), 70kDa heat shock, antioxidants, such as glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and also multi-drug resistance proteins. Analysis showed that the massive expansion of the CYP450 and HSP70 family due to gene duplication identified in the Crassostrea gigas genome also occurred in C. brasiliana, suggesting these processes form the base of the Crassostrea lineage. Preliminary expression analyses revealed several candidates biomarker genes that were up-regulated during each of the three treatments, suggesting the potential for environmental monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Fishery Engineering Department, Santa Catarina State University, Laguna, Brazil. Electronic address: khluchmann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Karim H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lüchmann
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: mscl@bas.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Melody S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. Electronic address: afonso.bainy@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Afonso C D
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bainy
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Division (BIO), Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, USA; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: gilbertjack@anl.gov.
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. Electronic address: J.A.Craft@gcu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address: j.k.chipman@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J Kevin
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chipman
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: mior@bas.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Michael A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. Electronic address: jaco.mattos@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Jacó J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. Electronic address: marilia.siebert@ifsc.edu.br.
authors.forename: Marília N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA), Plymouth, UK. Electronic address: dsch@mba.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Declan C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000235:genetics; D001938:Brazil; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005742:Gasoline / Q000633:toxicity; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D012722:Sewage; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005742:Gasoline; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015262:Xenobiotics; C031181:phenanthrene
keywords: Antioxidant parameters; Bioaccumulation; Bivalve; Pollutants; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Xenobiotic metabolism