title: An Approach to More Accurate Model Systems for Purple Acid Phosphatases (PAPs).
abstract: The active site of mammalian purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) have a dinuclear iron site in two accessible oxidation states (Fe(III)2 and Fe(III)Fe(II)), and the heterovalent is the active form, involved in the regulation of phosphate and phosphorylated metabolite levels in a wide range of organisms. Therefore, two sites with different coordination geometries to stabilize the heterovalent active form and, in addition, with hydrogen bond donors to enable the fixation of the substrate and release of the product, are believed to be required for catalytically competent model systems. Two ligands and their dinuclear iron complexes have been studied in detail. The solid-state structures and properties, studied by X-ray crystallography, magnetism, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and the solution structural and electronic properties, investigated by mass spectrometry, electronic, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and Mössbauer spectroscopies and electrochemistry, are discussed in detail in order to understand the structures and relative stabilities in solution. In particular, with one of the ligands, a heterovalent Fe(III)Fe(II) species has been produced by chemical oxidation of the Fe(II)2 precursor. The phosphatase reactivities of the complexes, in particular, also of the heterovalent complex, are reported. These studies include pH-dependent as well as substrate concentration dependent studies, leading to pH profiles, catalytic efficiencies and turnover numbers, and indicate that the heterovalent diiron complex discussed here is an accurate PAP model system.
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.|‡Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.affiliation: ‡Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Comba
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Lawrence R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Gahan
authors.affiliation: §Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Graeme R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: ⊥Institut für Anorganisch Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Valeriu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mereacre
authors.affiliation: §Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.affiliation: ⊥Institut für Anorganisch Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.|∇Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Annie K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.affiliation: ‡Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wadepohl
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055162:Biocatalysis; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D007501:Iron; C091137:purple acid phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase