title: Attenuated RANKL-induced cytotoxicity by Portulaca oleracea ethanol extract enhances RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Portulaca oleracea (PO) has been widely used as traditional medicine because of its pharmacological activities. However, the effects of PO on osteoclasts that modulate bone homeostasis are still elusive.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we examined the effects of PO ethanol extract (POEE) on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization, nuclear factor of activated T-cell c1 (NFATc1) amplification, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) multinucleated cell (MNC) formation, and cytotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrated that POEE suppressed RANKL-induced Ca(2+) oscillations by inhibition of Ca(2+) release from internal Ca(2+) stores, resulting in reduction of NFATc1 amplification. Notably, POEE attenuated RANKL-mediated cytotoxicity and cleavage of polyadenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP), resulted in enhanced formation of TRAP+ MNCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results present in vitro effects of POEE on RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and suggest the possible use of PO in treating bone disorders, such as osteopetrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, and Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea. monjig_1111@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Munkhsoyol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erkhembaatar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea. cejoms@wku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Eun-Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Huvet Inc., 160 Yakchon-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-979, Republic of Korea. leeapf@nate.com.
authors.forename: Hak-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Microelectronics and Display Technology, Next Generation Industrial Radiation Technology RIC, Center for PV Human Resource Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea. chlee@wku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Choong Hun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Function Regulation (CMFR), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea. mindyr@wku.ac.kr.|Department of Oral Biochemistry, and Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 344-2 Shinyong-dong, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea. mindyr@wku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young-Rae
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, and Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea. happy1487@wku.ac.kr.|Microelectronics and Display Technology, Next Generation Industrial Radiation Technology RIC, Center for PV Human Resource Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea. happy1487@wku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Min Seuk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D031822:Portulaca / Q000737:chemistry*; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B