title: The effect of anatase and rutile crystallites isolated from titania P25 photocatalyst on growth of selected mould fungi.
abstract: Antifungal properties of anatase and rutile crystallites isolated from commercial titania P25 photocatalyst were investigated by mycelium growth in the dark and under indoor light. Investigated fungi, i.e., Pseudallescheria boydii, Scedosporium apiospermum, Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus flavus, Stachybotrys chartarum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus melleus, were isolated from air and from moisture condensed on walls. Anatase and rutile were isolated from homogenized P25 (homo-P25) by chemical dissolution, and then purified by washing and thermal treatment. For comparison, homo-P25 was also thermally treated at 200 °C and 500 °C. Titania samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). It was found that properties of titania, i.e., band-gap energy, impurities adsorbed on the surface, nanoparticle aggregation, and kind of fungal structure, highly influenced resultant antifungal activities. It is proposed that some fungi could uptake necessary water and nutrient from titania surface. It was also found that even when differences in mycelium growth were not significant, the sporulation and mycotoxin generation were highly inhibited by light and presence of titania.
authors.affiliation: West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Chemical and Environment Engineering, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: agata@erb.pl.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markowska-Szczupak
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W5, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunlei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Chemical and Environment Engineering, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rokicka
authors.affiliation: Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhishun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W5, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Bunsho
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.affiliation: West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Chemical and Environment Engineering, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Antoni W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Morawski
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W5, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan. Electronic address: kowalska@cat.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kowalska
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002384:Catalysis; D003624:Darkness; D008027:Light; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D017348:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Anatase; Antifungal properties; P25; Pathogenic fungi; Photocatalysis; Rutile; Water activity