title: Sulfonamide antibiotic removal and nitrogen recovery from synthetic urine by the combination of rotating advanced oxidation contactor and methylene urea synthesis process.
abstract: The combination of nitrogen recovery and pharmaceutical removal processes for livestock urine treatment were investigated to suppress the discharge of pollutants and recover nitrogen as resources. We combined methylene urea synthesis from urea and adsorption and photocatalytic decomposition of sulfonamide antibiotic using rotating advanced oxidation contactor (RAOC) contained for obtaining both safe fertilizer and reclaimed water. The methylene urea synthesis could recover urea in synthetic urine, however, almost all sulfonamide antibiotic was also incorporated, which is unfavorable from a safety aspect if the methylene urea is to be used as fertilizer. Conversely, RAOC could remove sulfonamide antibiotic without consuming urea. It was also confirmed that the methylene urea could be synthesized from synthetic urine treated by RAOC. Thus, we concluded that RAOC should be inserted prior to the nitrogen recovery process for effective treatment of urine and safe use of methylene urea as fertilizer.
authors.affiliation: Paper Industry Innovation Center of Ehime University, 127 Mendoricho Otsu, Shikokuchuo, Ehime 799-0113, Japan E-mail: fukahori.shuji.mj@ehime-u.ac.jp; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukahori
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Faculty, Natural Sciences Cluster, Agriculture Unit, Kochi University, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Funamizu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D058751:Livestock; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005308:Fertilizers; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen