title: Anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in South Korea.
abstract: Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may develop mental health problems such as anxiety and depression, which negatively impact of disease progression. We investigated factors associated with the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among HIV-infected patients in Korea. A total of 840 HIV-infected patients who participated in the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study from 2006 to 2012 were evaluated. Socio-demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical variables were obtained through standardized questionnaires. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among HIV-infected patients was 32% and 36%, respectively. Ex-smoker and persistent symptoms for more than one week within the past six months and diagnosis of HIV infection within one year were associated with increased anxiety symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.69; OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.09-2.11; OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.02-2.20) and current smoking and persistent symptoms were also associated with increased depressive symptoms (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.31-3.30; OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.25-2.79). Marital status, current smoking, current drinking, and persistent symptoms were associated with both increased anxiety and depressive symptoms (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07-2.88; OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.06-2.61; OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.18-2.99). The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among HIV-infected patients is higher than those estimated for the general population. This study shows the necessity to evaluate symptoms of anxiety and depression and suggest psychological support for HIV-infected patients who smoke or have persistent symptoms or have sexual partner or drink.
authors.affiliation: a Division of AIDS , Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mee-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.affiliation: a Division of AIDS , Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sae-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Division of AIDS , Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: b Korea National Institute of Health , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Shil
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: c Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.|d AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: June Myung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: c Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.|d AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.|d AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Su
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: e Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Won
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: f Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ja
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: g Department of Infectious Diseases , Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: h Department of Internal Medicine , School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shin-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: f Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: i Department of Internal Medicine , Inha University School of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: j Department of Preventive Medicine , College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Youl
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: a Division of AIDS , Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Soon
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: HIV-infected patients; Korea; Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study; anxiety symptom; depressive symptom