title: [Impacts of biological and family factors on lexical and intellectual development in Mandarin-speaking children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impacts of biological factors (age and sex) and family factors (socioeconomic status and parenting style) on the early lexical and intellectual development of children in a longitudinal tracking study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 38 Mandarin-speaking children aged from 18 to 24 months were surveyed using the Putonghua Chinese Communicative Development Inventory (PCDI), the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), and a self-designed Questionnaire for Parents. All of the subjects were retested using PCDI and ASQ after 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biological factors accounted for 65% of the variance in lexical development, 10% of which was attributed to gender, in the first survey. After six months, the contribution of age decreased to 26% and gender had no significant impact. Lexical development could positively predict the intellectual development of children. When age and gender were controlled, it accounted for 22% of the variance in intellectual development. Family socioeconomic factors had no significant impacts on lexical and intellectual development. Children's recognition of people and objects around them with guidance of parents in parenting styles could positively predict the intellectual development of children six months later, which accounted for 10% of the variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biological factors play an important role in the early lexical development of children. However, the influence decreases with the increase of age (months). Biological factors, lexical development, and parenting style have a combined influence on children's intellectual development.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Yong-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Qi
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007360:Intelligence; D007802:Language; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D012923:Social Class