title: Reducing the life cycle GHG emissions of microalgal biodiesel through integration with ethanol production system.
abstract: Despite environmental benefits of algal-biofuels, the energy-intensive systems for producing microalgae-feedstock may result in high GHG emissions. Trying to overcome energy-costs, this research analyzed the biodiesel production system via dry-route, based on Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in raceways, by comparing the GHG-footprints of diverse microalgae-biodiesel scenarios. These involved: the single system of biomass production (C0); the application of pyrolysis on the residual microalgal biomass (cake) from the oil extraction process (C1); the same as C0, with anaerobic cake co-digested with cattle manure (C2); the same conditions as in C1 and C2, by integrating in both cases (respectively C3 and C4), the microalgae cultivation with an autonomous ethanol distillery. The reduction of GHG emissions in scenarios with no such integration (C1 and C2), compared to CO, was insignificant (0.53% and 4.67%, respectively), whereas in the scenarios with integration with ethanol production system, the improvements were 53.57% for C3 and 63.84% for C4.
authors.affiliation: State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. Electronic address: henrique.leo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Henrique Leonardo
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Maranduba
authors.affiliation: State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147, CEP 40170290 Ondina, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iracema Andrade
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosenira Serpa
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: da Cruz
authors.affiliation: State University of Bahia Southwest, Campus Itapetinga, Praça Primavera, 40, CEP 45700000 Primavera, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano Brito
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Adolfo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Almeida Neto
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000254:growth & development; D000431:Ethanol; D017752:Greenhouse Effect / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008372:Manure; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism*; D031786:Saccharum
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D008372:Manure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000431:Ethanol; D002248:Carbon Monoxide
keywords: Biofuels; Carbon footprint; Integrated biorefineries; Nutrient recycling