title: Acid-Base and Plasma Biochemical Changes Using Crystalloid Fluids in Stranded Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and effects on acid-base and electrolyte status of several crystalloid fluids in 57 stranded juvenile loggerhead turtles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within a rehabilitation program four different crystalloid fluids were administered (0.9% Na Cl solution; 5% dextrose + 0.9% Na Cl solutions 1:1; 0.9% Na Cl + lactated Ringer's solutions 1:1; lactated Ringer's solution). Crystalloid fluids were intracoelomically administered during three days (20 ml/kg/day). Animals were sampled at three different moments: Upon admission for evaluating the type of acid-base or biochemical disorder, post-fluid therapy treatment for controlling the evolution of the disorder, and post-recovery period for obtaining the baseline values for rehabilitated loggerhead turtles. Each sample was analyzed with a portable electronic blood analyzer for pH, pO2, pCO2, lactate, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, and BUN concentration. Admission and post-fluid therapy treatment values were compared with those obtained for each turtle immediately before release.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest percentage of acid-base recovery and electrolyte balance was observed in turtles treated with mixed saline-lactated Ringer's solution (63.6%), followed by turtles treated with physiological saline solution (55%), lactated Ringer's solution (33.3%), and dextrose-saline solutions (10%). Most turtles treated with lactated Ringer's solution had lower lactate concentrations compared with their initial values; however, 66.6% of turtles treated with lactated Ringer's solution had metabolic alkalosis after therapy. Significant higher concentrations of glucose were detected after saline-dextrose administration compared with all the remaining fluids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study evaluating the effects of several crystalloid fluids on the acid-base status and plasma biochemical values in stranded loggerhead sea turtles. Reference convalescent venous blood gas, acid-base, and plasma biochemical values, useful for veterinary surgeons involved in sea turtle conservation, are also provided.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: María Del Pino
authors.initials: Mdel P
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.affiliation: Tafira Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Tafira Baja-Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Pascual
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calabuig
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain.
authors.forename: Octavio P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Luzardo
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain.
authors.forename: Luis D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Boada
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zumbado
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orós
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D003681:Dehydration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D014426:Turtles / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002712:Chlorides; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D007773:Lactates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D010100:Oxygen