title: Rutin administration attenuates myocardial dysfunction in diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress plays a major role in diabetic cardiomyopathy pathogenesis. Anti-oxidant therapy has been investigated in preventing or treating several diabetic complications. However, anti-oxidant action on diabetic-induced cardiac remodeling is not completely clear. This study evaluated the effects of rutin, a flavonoid, on cardiac and myocardial function in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were assigned into control (C, n = 14); control-rutin (C-R, n = 14); diabetes mellitus (DM, n = 16); and DM-rutin (DM-R, n = 16) groups. Seven days after inducing diabetes (streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg, i.p.), rutin was injected intraperitoneally once a week (50 mg/kg) for 7 weeks. Echocardiogram was performed and myocardial function assessed in left ventricular (LV) papillary muscles. Serum insulin concentration was measured by ELISA.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glycemia was higher in DM than DM-R and C and in DM-R than C-R. Insulin concentration was lower in diabetic groups than controls (C 2.45 ± 0.67; C-R 2.09 ± 0.52; DM 0.59 ± 0.18; DM-R 0.82 ± 0.21 ng/mL). Echocardiogram showed no differences between C-R and C. DM had increased LV systolic diameter compared to C, and increased left atrium diameter/body weight (BW) ratio and LV mass/BW ratio compared to C and DM-R. Septal wall thickness, LV diastolic diameter/BW ratio, and relative wall thickness were lower in DM-R than DM. Fractional shortening and posterior wall shortening velocity were lower in DM than C and DM-R. In papillary muscle preparation, DM and DM-R presented higher time to peak tension and time from peak tension to 50% relaxation than controls; time to peak tension was lower in DM-R than DM. Under 0.625 and 1.25 mM extracellular calcium concentrations, DM had higher developed tension than C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rutin attenuates cardiac remodeling and left ventricular and myocardial dysfunction caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. drjullianoguimaraes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Julliano F C
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Guimaraes
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. bmuzio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bruno P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Muzio
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. camilamrosa@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Camila M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. nascimentoaf@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Andre F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. mario.sugizaki@ig.com.br.
authors.forename: Mario M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sugizaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. angelica@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Ana A H
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. cicogna@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Antonio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cicogna
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. bioestatistica@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Carlos R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Padovani
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. mpoliti@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Marina P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Okoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. katashi@fmb.unesp.br.|Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP Rubiao Junior, S/N 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. katashi@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Katashi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okoshi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D012431:Rutin; D002118:Calcium