title: Neurostimulation for Treatment of Migraine and Cluster Headache.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of neurostimulation therapies for the treatment of migraine and/or cluster.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this narrative review, publications were identified by searching PubMed using the search terms "migraine" or "cluster" combined with "vagal nerve stimulation," "transcranial magnetic stimulation," "supraorbital nerve stimulation," "sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation," "occipital nerve stimulation," "deep brain stimulation," "neurostimulation," or "neuromodulation." Publications were chosen based on the quality of data that were provided and their relevance to the chosen topics of interest for this review. Reference lists of chosen articles and the authors' own files were used to identify additional publications. Current clinical trials were identified by searching clinicaltrials.org.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurostimulation of the vagal nerve, supraorbital nerve, occipital nerve and sphenopalatine ganglion, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and deep brain stimulation have been investigated for the treatment of migraine and/or cluster. Whereas invasive methods of neurostimulation would be reserved for patients with very severe and treatment refractory migraine or cluster, noninvasive methods of stimulation might serve as useful adjuncts to more conventional therapies. Currently, transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation is FDA approved and commercially available for migraine prevention and TMS is FDA approved for the treatment of migraine with aura. The potential utility of each type of neurostimulation has yet to be completely defined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, Arizona, 85054, USA.
authors.forename: Todd J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Schwedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, Arizona, 85054, USA.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D003027:Cluster Headache / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods
keywords: Cluster Headache; Deep Brain Stimulation; Migraine; Neurostimulation; Occipital Nerve Stimulation; Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Transcutaneous Supraorbital Nerve Stimulation; Vagal Nerve Stimulation