title: Effect of citrulline, urea, ethanol, and urease on the formation of ethyl carbamate in soybean paste model system.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of urease on the formation of ethyl carbamate (EC) in the presence of previously known precursors of EC (citrulline, urea, and ethanol) using a soybean paste model system. The levels of EC were quantitatively determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) every five days for a 30-day period. After 30 days fermentation, the concentration of EC increased significantly by 135.2%, 242.2%, and 3757.1% when the precursors (citrulline, urea and ethanol) were added to the model system, respectively (p<0.05). Urease significantly decreased the level of EC by 38.4%, 18.8%, and 17.3% when citrulline, urea, and ethanol were added to the model system, respectively (p<0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Gun
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jihye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mina K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kwglee@dongguk.edu.
authors.forename: Kwang-Geun
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002956:Citrulline / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014510:Urease / Q000737:chemistry*; D014520:Urethane / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002956:Citrulline; D014520:Urethane; D000431:Ethanol; D014508:Urea; D014510:Urease
keywords: Citrulline; Ethanol; Ethyl carbamate; Soybean paste (doenjang); Urea; Urease