title: Safety and feasibility of laparoscopic liver resection with associated lymphadenectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a propensity score-based case-matched analysis from a single institution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is still a relatively uncommon indication for laparoscopic surgery because of technical challenges related to the frequent need for major hepatectomies and the necessity to perform formal regional lymphadenectomy. The aim of the present case-matched study was to compare laparoscopic and open resections for ICC.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-matched retrospective analysis, 20 consecutive patients who had undergone laparoscopic resection for ICC (LPS group) were compared with 60 of 83 patients who had undergone open surgery (open group) in the same institution. The groups were matched in a ratio of 1:3 using propensity scores based on covariates representing relevant patient characteristics and severity of disease. The main endpoints were short- and long-term outcomes and impact and adequacy of laparoscopic lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were well matched in terms of patient and disease characteristics. The laparoscopic approach resulted in less blood loss (200 vs. 350 mL, p = 0.040) despite less extensive use of the Pringle maneuver. There was no difference in perioperative morbidity and mortality rates; however, the laparoscopic approach was associated with faster functional recovery (median 3 vs. 4 days, p = 0.050). After a mean follow-up of 39 months, disease-free and overall survivals were 33 and 51 months, respectively, for the LPS and 36 and 63, respectively, for the open group (p ns). The number of harvested nodes was comparable between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic resection of ICC is feasible and safe, providing short-term benefits without negatively affecting oncologic adequacy in terms of rate of R0 resections, depth of margins, and long-term overall and disease-free survivals. Laparoscopic regional lymphadenectomy is technically possible but should be the object of future focused studies.
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. ratti.francesca@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ratti
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cipriani
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ariotti
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gagliano
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paganelli
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aldrighetti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D057216:Propensity Score; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; Laparoscopy; Liver resection; Lymphadenectomy; Minimally invasive; New technique