title: Wheat and barley differently affect porcine intestinal microbiota.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diet influences the porcine intestinal microbial ecosystem. Barrows were fitted with ileal T-cannulas to compare short-term effects of eight different wheat or barley genotypes and period-to-period effects on seven bacterial groups in ileal digesta and faeces by qPCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within genotypes of wheat and barley, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in contents of analysed NSP, yet cereal types differed (P < 0.001) except for soluble arabinoxylans. Genotypes showed no effect on bacterial gene copy numbers. In ileal digesta of barley- compared to wheat-fed pigs, log10 copy numbers were lower (P < 0.05) for total eubacteria (9.6-9.8), Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas (6.5-6.8), Clostridium cluster IV (6.7-6.9), and Roseburia spp. (6.6-7.2), while higher copy numbers were found for Lactobacillus spp. (9.4-8.8). Enterobacteriaceae (7.0-7.8) and Bifidobacterium spp. (7.0-7.7) were lower (P < 0.001) in faeces of barley compared to wheat-fed pigs. Ileal eubacteria, Clostridium cluster IV and Roseburia spp. linearly increased from period 1 to 8 for both cereals (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wheat and barley differently influence microbial composition particularly in the small intestine, with barley increasing the Lactobacillus spp.:Enterobacteriaceae ratio, underlining its potential to beneficially manipulate the intestinal microbial ecosystem.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aumiller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Hanna K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Spindler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosenfelder
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witzig
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Knud Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bach Knudsen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mosenthin
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents; D005838:Genotype; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics*; D007082:Ileum / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: barley; cereal; genotype; intestinal microbiota; pig; wheat