title: Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Protects Against Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rats.
abstract: METHODS
  Experimental animal study of treatment of SCI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether HBO treatment protects against secondary SCI by inhibiting the ER stress response.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  SCI is a neurological disorder that can severely limit the execution of the simplest day-to-day functions. ER stress plays an important role in the induction of neuronal apoptosis after SCI. HBO treatment can alleviate secondary injury and benefit neurological recovery after SCI, but the effect of HBO on ER stress response after SCI is yet to be characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  The spinal cord of rats was injured via T10 laminectomy. Experimental animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: sham-operated, SCI, and SCI+HBO. Each group was analyzed 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days after injury. Neurological recovery was evaluated using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system and the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling reaction was carried out to visualize apoptotic cells. The expression of ER stress-related factors was evaluated by immunohistochemical, western blot, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCI-induced apoptosis and an increase in the levels of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12 and caspase-3 compared with the sham-operated group. HBO treatment decreased CHOP and caspase-12 and caspase-3 expression as well as apoptosis compared with the SCI group. In addition, BBB scores were improved in the SCI+HBO relative to the SCI group at 7 and 14 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that HBO treatment alleviates secondary injury to the spinal cord by inhibiting ER stress induced apoptosis, thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China†Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Fu-xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China‡Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China§Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Xuehua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qingjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Chunsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen