title: "It's Parallel Universes": An Analysis of Communication Between Surgeons and Intensivists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intensivist-led model of ICU care requires surgical consultants and the ICU team to collaborate in the care of ICU patients and to communicate effectively across teams. We sought to characterize communication between intensivists and surgeons and to assess enablers and barriers of effective communication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative interview study. An inductive data analysis approach was taken.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven intensivist-led ICUs in four academic hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgeons (attendings and residents), intensivists (attendings and residents), and ICU nurses participating in the care of surgical patients in the ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Communication enablers and barriers existed at two distinct levels: 1) organizational and 2) cultural. At an organizational level, participants identified that formally sanctioned communication structures and processes often acted as barriers to communication. Participants had developed informal strategies to improve communication. At a cultural level, surgical and ICU participants often expressed conflicting perspectives regarding patient ownership, scope of practice, and clinical expertise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major barriers to optimal communication between surgical and ICU teams exist in the intensivist-led ICU environment. Many are related to the structures and processes meant to facilitate communication across teams and others to how some aspects of care in the ICU are conceptualized. Multiple actionable opportunities exist to improve communication in the intensivist-led ICU.
authors.affiliation: 1Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 2Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 3Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. 4Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gotlib Conn
authors.forename: Gordon D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Rubenfeld
authors.forename: Damon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scales
authors.forename: Andre C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: Niall D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Avery B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nathens
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D013043:Specialties, Surgical