title: Future Prospects for the Treatment of Graves' Hyperthyroidism and Eye Disease.
abstract: Although there are adequate therapies for Graves' hyperthyroidism, mild to moderate Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is usually treated symptomatically whereas definitive therapy is reserved for severe, vision-threatening GO. Importantly, none of the treatment regimens for Graves' disease used today are directed at the pathogenesis of the disease. Herein, we review some aspects of what is known about the pathogenesis of these 2 major components of Graves' disease, specifically the apparent important roles of the TSH and IGF-1 receptors, and thereafter describe future therapeutic approaches directed at these receptors. We propose that targeting these receptors will yield effective and better tolerated treatments for Graves' disease, especially for GO.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: Nova Therapeutics LLC, E Foothill Blvd, Pasadena, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Place
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gershengorn
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1