title: Nursing staffs' emotional well-being and caring behaviours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships between structural factors (work stressors), individual factors (demographics and the personal resources of resilience and social support) and transactional factors (appraisals and coping), and nursing staffs' levels of burnout, psychological distress and caring behaviours. A further aim was to examine the relationships between nursing staffs' levels of burnout and psychological distress and their caring behaviours.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Burnout and psychological distress levels have been found to be high in National Health Service nursing staff and furthermore this emotional distress has been found to affect patient care. In a National Health Service striving to provide high-quality patient-centred care, it is essential that factors affecting nursing staffs' well-being and their caring behaviours are examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional correlation-based survey design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 102 nursing staff from an Acute National Health Service Trust were recruited in 2010. Participants completed the questionnaires: Nursing Stress Scale, Social Support Questionnaire-Short Form, Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale-2, Occupational Coping Self-Efficacy Scale for Nurses, PsychNurse Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Caring Behaviours Inventory-revised. Due to the nonparametric nature of part of the data, Spearman's Rho correlations were used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographics were not found to be regularly correlated with nursing staffs' burnout, psychological distress or caring behaviours. Work stressors, coping strategies and self-efficacy were found to be significantly correlated with nursing staffs' burnout and psychological distress. Caring behaviours were also correlated with coping strategies and self-efficacy. Importantly, correlations were found between caring behaviours and nursing staffs' burnout and psychological distress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is extremely important that the emotional well-being of nursing staff is supported, both for them, and for the effect this has on patient care. Action points are suggested for National Health Service employers to enable this to happen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To address the poor emotional well-being found, it is suggested that changes are needed within current clinical practice, for example through provision of enhanced training, use of model-based clinical supervision and reviews conducted on staffing levels and workload issues.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training, University of Oxford, Oxford.
authors.forename: Navtej
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chana
authors.affiliation: Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training, University of Oxford, Oxford.|Department of Clinical Psychology, National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Royal Holloway, University of London.
authors.forename: Zoë J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Chessell
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013222:State Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; burnout; care giving; depression; nurses; nursing; psychological distress; stress