title: Pig manure treatment and purification by filtration.
abstract: This study aimed to develop a new, complex pig manure treatment and filtration process. The final scheme, called the AMAK process, comprised the following successive steps: mineralization with mineral acids, alkalization with lime milk, superphosphate addition, a second alkalization, thermal treatment, and pressure filtration. The proposed method produced a filtrate with 95%, 80%, and 96% reductions in chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen content, and phosphorus content, respectively. An advantage of the proposed method was that it incorporated a crystalline phase into the solid organic part of the manure, which enabled high filtration rates (>1000 kg m(-2) h(-1)) and efficient separation. The process also eliminated odor emissions from the filtrate and sediment. The treated filtrate could be used to irrigate crops or it could be further treated in conventional biological wastewater treatment plants. The sediment could be used for producing mineral-organic fertilizer. The AMAK process is inexpensive, and it requires low investment costs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland. Electronic address: amak@chemia.pk.edu.pl.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kowalski
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D000818:Animals; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D005308:Fertilizers; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009812:Odorants; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011756:Diphosphates; D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D010758:Phosphorus; C033414:superphosphate; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Filtration; Odors; Organic matter; Phosphorus; Pig manure; Treatment