title: Wireless Optofluidic Systems for Programmable In Vivo Pharmacology and Optogenetics.
abstract: In vivo pharmacology and optogenetics hold tremendous promise for dissection of neural circuits, cellular signaling, and manipulating neurophysiological systems in awake, behaving animals. Existing neural interface technologies, such as metal cannulas connected to external drug supplies for pharmacological infusions and tethered fiber optics for optogenetics, are not ideal for minimally invasive, untethered studies on freely behaving animals. Here, we introduce wireless optofluidic neural probes that combine ultrathin, soft microfluidic drug delivery with cellular-scale inorganic light-emitting diode (μ-ILED) arrays. These probes are orders of magnitude smaller than cannulas and allow wireless, programmed spatiotemporal control of fluid delivery and photostimulation. We demonstrate these devices in freely moving animals to modify gene expression, deliver peptide ligands, and provide concurrent photostimulation with antagonist drug delivery to manipulate mesoaccumbens reward-related behavior. The minimally invasive operation of these probes forecasts utility in other organ systems and species, with potential for broad application in biomedical science, engineering, and medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Jae-Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Gunchul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yihui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Ream
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Hasani
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Minku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 305-700, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Kyung-In
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Yuhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Gavin P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Zhubin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Wilson Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Electronic address: bruchasm@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bruchas
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA. Electronic address: jrogers@uiuc.edu.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D051379:Mice; D015335:Molecular Probes; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D059015:Wireless Technology
chemical_list: D015335:Molecular Probes