title: Antibiotic and Disinfectant Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Meats in Sichuan, China.
abstract: To demonstrate the resistance of antibiotics and disinfectants to Escherichia coli isolates, 255 E. coli strains were isolated from 328 retail meat samples in this study. Susceptibility testing results showed that 85.5% isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic drug. The E. coli isolates showed the highest resistance to sulfamethoxazole (61.6%), followed by tetracycline (61.2%), ampicillin (48.2%), cefalotin (29.8%), and kanamycin (22.4%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the disinfectants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, N,N-didecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and cetylpyridinium chloride for E. coli were 16-1,024, 4-1,024, 16-512, and 8-512 mg/L, respectively. The emrE, ydgE/ydgF, mdfA, and sugE(c) genes were commonly present (53.7-83.1%), but the qac and sugE(p) genes were less prevalent (0.0-14.9%). The qac genes were highly associated with antimicrobial resistance. Conjugative transfer experiment indicated that the disinfectant resistance genes, qacF, sugE(p), and qacEΔ1, were located on conjugative plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the antimicrobial-resistant isolates were associated with the sampling supermarkets or groceries. This study indicated that using quaternary ammonium compounds to decontaminate food processing environments may be ineffective and even provide a selective pressure for strains with acquired resistance to other antimicrobials.
authors.affiliation: 1 The Laboratory of Microbiology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China .|2 Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science, Sichuan University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Anyun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1 The Laboratory of Microbiology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China .|3 College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: 1 The Laboratory of Microbiology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: 1 The Laboratory of Microbiology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China .|3 College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: 1 The Laboratory of Microbiology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China .|3 College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: 4 Sichuan Province Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: 1 The Laboratory of Microbiology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 The Laboratory of Microbiology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Liangqian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: 5 College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Shuliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 2 Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science, Sichuan University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Hongning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 The Laboratory of Microbiology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China .|3 College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Likou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002681:China; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004202:Disinfectants