title: Critical Values of Porosity in Rice Cultures of Isaria fumosorosea by Adding Water Hyacinth: Effect on Conidial Yields and Quality.
abstract: Conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea are used to control insect pests in crops. Commercially available mycoinsecticides manufactured with this fungus are produced on a large scale via solid-state cultures (SSC). In order to favour gaseous exchange in SCC, texturizers can be added to increase porosity fraction (ε). This work presents results of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as a novel texturizer. A mixture of parboiled rice (PR), with a ε = 0.23, was used as a substrate, which was then mixed with water hyacinth (WH amendment) as a texturizer at different proportions affecting ε. Strains CNRCB1 and ARSEF3302 of I. fumosorosea yielded 1.6 (1.49-1.71) × 10(9) and 7.3 (7.02-7.58) × 10(9) conidia per gram of initial dry rice after 8 days, at ε values of 0.34 and 0.36, respectively. Improvement of conidial yields corresponded to 1.33 and 1.55 times, respectively, compared to rice alone using WH amendment in the mixtures PR:WH (%) at 90-10 and 80-20. In addition, infectivity against Galleria mellonella larvae was maintained. This is the first report of the use of water hyacinth as a texturizer in SSC, affecting ε, which is proposed a key parameter in conidia production by I. fumosorosea, without affecting conidial infectivity.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CP 09340, Iztapalapa, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angel-Cuapio
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueroa-Montero
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Favela-Torres
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viniegra-González
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Perraud-Gaime
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Loera
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D031806:Eichhornia / Q000502:physiology*; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000502:physiology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology*; D016062:Porosity; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity