title: Expression of CC chemokine receptor 9 predicts poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The CC chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis in various cancers. Our previous studies have shown the aberrant expression of CCR9 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, revealing that the CCR9-CCL25 axis modulates cell migration and invasion, and supports cancer cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the expression and possible prognostic role of CCR9 in lung adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical analysis of CCR9 expression was performed on 144 lung adenocarcinoma tissues and 30 adjacent normal lung parenchymal tissues. We assessed the correlation of CCR9 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of CCR9 was increased in lung adenocarcinoma tissue compared with normal lung tissue. Moreover, such an expression was positively correlated with tumor size (p = 0.032), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002) and advanced TNM stage (p = 0.012). In addition, the patients with negative CCR9 expression exhibited a higher overall survival (OS) compared with those with positive CCR9 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that the CCR9 expression was an independent prognostic factor for the OS of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We, for the first time, reported that CCR9 could be beneficial in predicting lymph node metastasis, and it might act as a novel prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, P.R. China. yl.zhong@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Yonglong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, P.R. China. 913411045@qq.com.
authors.forename: Lingyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, P.R. China. linhui33622@126.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, P.R. China. libaijun2015vip@163.com.
authors.forename: Baijun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, P.R. China. lanjiao2015vip@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, P.R. China. liangshengjingvip@163.com.
authors.forename: Shengjing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, P.R. China. shenbin2015vip@126.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, P.R. China. leizhenniu2015vip@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhenniu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, P.R. China. sycdxy66@163.com.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D054388:Receptors, CCR / Q000032:analysis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C119309:CC chemokine receptor 9; D054388:Receptors, CCR