title: A New Membrane Lipid Raft Gene SpFLT-1 Facilitating the Endocytosis of Vibrio alginolyticus in the Crab Scylla paramamosain.
abstract: Pathogens can enter their host cells by way of endocytosis in which the membrane lipid raft gene flotillins are probably involved in the invasion process and this is an important way to cause infection. In this study, a new gene SpFLT-1 was identified in Scylla paramamosain, which shared high identity with the flotillin-1 of other species. The SpFLT-1 gene was widely distributed in tissues and showed the highest level of mRNA transcripts in the hemocytes. This gene might be a maternal gene based on the evident results that it was highly expressed in maternal ovaries and in the early developmental stages of the zygote and early embryo stage whereas it gradually decreased in zoea 1. SpFLT-1 positively responded to the challenge of Vibrio alginolyticus with a significantly increased level of mRNA expression in the hemocytes and gills at 3 hours post infection (hpi). The SpFLT-1 protein was detected densely in the same fraction layer where the Vibrio protein was most present in the hemocytes and gills at 3 hpi. Furthermore, it was found that the expression of SpFLT-1 decreased to the base level following disappearance of the Vibrio protein at 6 hpi in the gills. Silencing SpFLT-1 inhibited the endocytosis rate of V. alginolyticus but overexpression of the gene could facilitate bacterial entry into the epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells. Our study indicated that SpFLT-1 may act as a key protein involved in the process of bacterial infection and this sheds light on clarifying the pathogenesis of pathogens infecting S. paramamosain.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fangyi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaowan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhongguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Huiyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kejian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003386:Brachyura / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D004705:Endocytosis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016678:Genome; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000235:genetics*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D044149:Vibrio alginolyticus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C106354:flotillins