title: Physiological responses and characteristics of sperm collected after electroejaculation or transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the accessory sex glands in anesthetized mouflons (Ovis musimon) and Iberian ibexes (Capra pyrenaica).
abstract: The objective was to characterize the stress response and the seminal parameters obtained with electroejaculation (EE) or transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the accessory sex glands (TUMASG) in two captive but nondomestic ruminants, the mouflons and the Iberian ibex under general anesthesia. In mouflons, the physiological responses (heart and respiratory rate, rectal temperature, cortisol, creatine kinase, potassium and glucose concentrations) changed similarly with both procedures. The TUMASG procedure was faster than EE in mouflons (21.7 ± 1.4 vs. 12.4 ± 1.2 minutes, P < 0.01). In ibexes, respiratory rate, cortisol and creatine kinase concentration changes were greater with EE than with TUMASG (final respiratory rate: 62.7 ± 5.5 vs. 38.1 ± 5.6 breaths/min [P < 0.05]; final cortisol: 51.4 ± 5.1 vs. 25.3 ± 5.6 ng/mL [P < 0.001]; and final creatine kinase: 300.9 ± 99.9 vs. 87.1 ± 16.9 U/L [P < 0.001]). Electroejaculation provided better results in some sperm parameters (mouflons: sperm score: 3.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.6 ± 0.2 [P < 0.01]; total number of sperm ejaculated: 982.4 ± 299 vs. 710.0 ± 542.2 [P < 0.05]; ibexes: sperm with progressive motility: 47.7 ± 6.2 vs. 20.5 ± 8.3 [P < 0.05]). The transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the accessory sex glands appears to be an alternative technique to collect sperm from wild ruminants, reducing the need for electrical stimuli and thus decreasing the undesired responses of EE in the more sensitive species. On the other hand, better fresh sperm may be collected with EE. However, TUMASG provides practical advantages in animal welfare, firstly in these wild species more sensible to stress management and capture myopathy.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: rungerfeld@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ungerfeld
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Sebastián
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorgea
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pradiee
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toledano-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castaño
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Labrador
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santiago-Moreno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004542:Ejaculation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005837:Genitalia, Male; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012007:Rectum; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D034561:Sheep, Domestic / Q000502:physiology*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000662:veterinary; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D011188:Potassium; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Andrology; Semen; Small ruminant; Stress; Welfare