title: Does home blood pressure monitoring improve patient outcomes? A systematic review comparing home and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on blood pressure control and patient outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to compare the clinical effectiveness of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) on blood pressure (BP) control and patient outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted. We also appraised the methodological quality of studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials (CENTRAL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized control trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, observational studies, and case-control studies published in English from any year to present that describe HBPM and 24-hour ABPM and report on systolic and/or diastolic BP and/or heart attack, stroke, kidney failure and/or all-cause mortality for adult patients. Due to the nature of the question, studies with only untreated patients were not considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,742 titles and abstractions independently reviewed by two reviewers, 137 studies met predetermined criteria for evaluation. Nineteen studies were identified as relevant and included in the paper. The common themes were that HBPM and ABPM correlated with cardiovascular events and mortality, and targeting HBPM or ABPM resulted in similar outcomes. Associations between BP measurement type and mortality differed by study population. Both the low sensitivity of office blood pressure monitoring (OBPM) to detect optimal BP control by ABPM and the added association of HBPM with cardiovascular mortality supported the routine use of HBPM in clinical practice. There was insufficient data to determine the benefit of using HBPM as a measurement standard for BP control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBPM encourages patient-centered care and improves BP control and patient outcomes. Given the limited number of studies with both HBPM and ABPM, these measurement types should be incorporated into the design of randomized clinical trials within hypertensive populations.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA ; Veterans Administration, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Tonya L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Breaux-Shropshire
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.affiliation: Lister Hill Library, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Vucovich
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Toneyell S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shropshire
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: ABPM; HBPM; OBPM; randomized control trials