title: Reference values for serum total adiponectin in healthy non-obese children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin is an abundant adipocyte-secreted hormone that modulates a number of metabolic processes and is correlated to various metabolic disorders. Pediatric reference levels are needed for the risk stratification and interpretation of individual serum adiponectin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1193 healthy, non-obese Danish schoolchildren (730 girls, 463 boys) aged 6-18 years (median 11.9) were examined by trained medical staff. Total serum adiponectin concentrations in venous fasting blood samples were quantitated by a DuoSet® ELISA human Adiponectin/Acrp30 (R&D Systems) following optimization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a generalized linear model adjusted for BMI SDS, total serum adiponectin concentrations were correlated to age in girls (p<0.0001) and boys (p=<0.0001) and for both sexes combined (p<0.0001). No significant difference between sexes was found. Reference intervals were calculated using age as a continuous variable. The best fitted reference curve for both sexes was: 50th percentile: Y=-0.1478 ∗ X+6.046; 2.5th percentile: Y=-0.06256 ∗ X+2.34; 97.5th percentile: Y=-0.4086 ∗ X+22.39, where Y=adiponectin in μg/mL and X=years of age (from 6 to 18 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed a pediatric reference levels for total serum adiponectin in a sample of 1193 Danish children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. A correlation with age was demonstrated in children, but no significant difference was seen between the sexes.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: ult@dadlnet.dk.
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lausten-Thomsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark.
authors.forename: Cilius Esmann
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Fonvig
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark.
authors.forename: Cæcilie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trier
authors.affiliation: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Oluf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens-Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Holm
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin
keywords: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Adolescents; Children; Human; Reference values