title: Binge-like ingestion of a combination of an energy drink and alcohol leads to cognitive deficits and motivational changes.
abstract: The combination of alcohol with an energy drink (ED) is believed to contribute to risky alcohol-drinking behaviors, such as binge drinking. However, the long-term effects on cognition and reward function that are caused by the repeated binge-like ingestion of alcohol and EDs are still poorly known. The present study examined the effects of a history of repeated exposure to alcohol and/or an ED on short-term memory and alcohol-seeking behavior. Male Wistar rats were given daily intragastric administration of alcohol (3.4g/kg) combined or not with an ED (10.71ml/kg) for 6 consecutive days. The rats were tested for locomotion 15min after the first intragastric treatment. Short-term memory was assessed in the novel object recognition and social discrimination tests 2-3days after the last intragastric administration. The rewarding effect of alcohol was tested 1-3weeks following the last intragastric administration in a conditioned place preference paradigm. The acute binge-like ingestion of alcohol decreased locomotor activity, whereas the combination of alcohol and an ED increased locomotion in the first minutes of assessment. Alcohol exposure produced cognitive deficits in both the object recognition and social discrimination tests, and adding the ED to the alcohol solution did not modify these effects. The combination of alcohol and the ED increased alcohol-induced conditioned place preference. Thus, a history of binge-like alcohol exposure combined with the ED caused subsequent cognitive deficits and increased alcohol seeking behavior, and such behavioral effects might contribute to the progression to alcohol abuse disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CCB, Bloco D, Setor J, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil. Electronic address: tati.pharmacy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tatiane T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, BRC Room 08A727, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Leandro F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Vendruscolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CCB, Bloco D, Setor J, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Reinaldo N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D061215:Energy Drinks / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D009042:Motivation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Addiction; Alcoholism; Binge drinking; Energy drink; Ethanol; Memory; Reward