title: Oxytocin system social function impacts in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: To investigate relationships between the polymorphisms and social functioning of children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), according to the polymorphism of three oxytocin receptor (OXTR) genes (rs53576, rs13316193, and and rs2268493). A total of 198 children-studying in the same primary and secondary school and matched in terms of age and gender (99 ADHD, 99 control)-were included in this study. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version was administered to establish the clinical diagnosis. The Social Reciprocity Scale (SRS) was applied to evaluate social functioning. The total genomic DNA was isolated from buccal mucosa samples. No significant differences were determined between the ADHD and control groups in terms of rs2268493, rs13316193, and rs53576 genotype distribution (P = 0.078, P = 0.330, and P = 0.149, respectively). However, the control group T allele frequency in the OXTR Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) rs2268493 was significantly higher than the ADHD group (P = 0.024). Compared to the control group, the ADHD group had a higher score on the SRS scale (SRS total; Z = -21,135, P < 0.001). No significant difference existed in the SRS scale scores between the children with the T/T genotype and the C allele in the ADHD group (SRS total; Z = -0.543, P = 0.587). The allele distribution of the OXTR gene SNP rs2268493 was significantly different in the ADHD group, compared to the control group. This observation is important in understanding the underlying biological infrastructure in ADHD and developing treatment modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Marmara University Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşe Burcu
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Sakarya University Research and Training Hospital Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karkucak
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Development, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erenkoy Psychiatry and Neurology Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sebla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gokce
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Canakkale State Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esengul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kayan
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Psychology, Sakarya University Research and Training Hospital Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif Erol
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Güler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sakarya University Research and Training Hospital Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Belma Doğan
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Güngen
authors.affiliation: Department of Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Marmara University Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tugba Didem
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kuşcu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ocakoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tahsin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yakut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012919:Social Behavior; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: C569600:OXTR protein, human; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin; D010121:Oxytocin
keywords: ADHD; child; gene; oxytocin receptor; polymorphism