title: The Changing Urban Landscape: Interconnections Between Racial/Ethnic Segregation and Exposure in the Study of Race-Specific Violence Over Time.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated how racial/ethnic shifts in the urban landscape influence race-specific violence by considering changes in the size of the Hispanic population, racial/ethnic contact, and racial segregation patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a time-series approach incorporating 4 decennial periods (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to determine whether racial/ethnic demographic changes in 144 US cities influenced White and Black homicide rates. Sources included census and Uniform Crime Reports Supplemental Homicide Report data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growing diversity in the residential population of US cities contributed to the dramatic decline in homicide rates over time, but the effects differed by racial group. Exposure between Hispanics and Blacks and the growing presence of Hispanics led to a reduced Black homicide trend but had no impact on Whites, after adjustment for economic shifts and other important structural features in US cities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our research highlights the importance of paying closer attention to exposure and integration between immigrants and existing racial groups. Failure to consider racial/ethnic contact and the racial nature of urban violence may produce misleading results in studies of associations between Hispanic immigration and crime.
authors.affiliation: Karen F. Parker is with the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, University of Delaware, Newark. Richard Stansfield is with the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ.
authors.forename: Karen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Karen F. Parker is with the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, University of Delaware, Newark. Richard Stansfield is with the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stansfield
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006708:Homicide / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D063505:Racism; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D014754:Violence / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*