title: The association between diabetes and postpartum depression.
abstract: This study aims to estimate if diabetic women were more likely to experience postpartum depression symptoms than women without diabetes. This was a prospective cohort of women who received prenatal care at a hospital-affiliated prenatal clinic serving low-income women in Chicago, Illinois. For the primary analysis, women were divided by diabetes status (i.e., no diabetes or either gestational diabetes or pre-pregnancy diabetes). Postpartum depression was defined as a positive screen on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Rates of postpartum depression were compared, stratified by diabetic status. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to control for potential confounders. A planned secondary analysis compared women with pre-pregnancy diabetes to those without pre-pre-pregnancy diabetes. Three hundred and five women consented to participate of whom 100 (30.5 %) had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 33 (10.8 %) had pre-pregnancy diabetes. Compared to women without any diabetes, women with diabetes (either GDM or pre-pregnancy diabetes) had similar rates of antenatal [(OR) 0.69, 95 % CI) 0.44-1.08] and postpartum depression (OR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.33-1.66). However, postpartum depression was more common among women with pre-pregnancy diabetes (34.8 %) compared to non-diabetic women (16.7 %) (OR 2.67, 95 % CI 1.05-6.78). This association persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders (aOR 2.67, 95 % CI 1.05-9.79). Gestational diabetes was not associated with increased rates of depression. However, women with pre-pregnancy diabetes are more likely to experience postpartum depression compared to women without pre-pregnancy diabetes, even after adjusting for related comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. emily-miller-1@northwestern.edu.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. emily-miller-1@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9927-1043
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Marisa R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Peri
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Dana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gossett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Diabetes; Gestational diabetes; Postpartum depression