title: New perspectives on bioactivity of olive oil: evidence from animal models, human interventions and the use of urinary proteomic biomarkers.
abstract: Olive oil (OO) is the primary source of fat in the Mediterranean diet and has been associated with longevity and a lower incidence of chronic diseases, particularly CHD. Cardioprotective effects of OO consumption have been widely related with improved lipoprotein profile, endothelial function and inflammation, linked to health claims of oleic acid and phenolic content of OO. With CVD being a leading cause of death worldwide, a review of the potential mechanisms underpinning the impact of OO in the prevention of disease is warranted. The current body of evidence relies on mechanistic studies involving animal and cell-based models, epidemiological studies of OO intake and risk factor, small- and large-scale human interventions, and the emerging use of novel biomarker techniques associated with disease risk. Although model systems are important for mechanistic research nutrition, methodologies and experimental designs with strong translational value are still lacking. The present review critically appraises the available evidence to date, with particular focus on emerging novel biomarkers for disease risk assessment. New perspectives on OO research are outlined, especially those with scope to clarify key mechanisms by which OO consumption exerts health benefits. The use of urinary proteomic biomarkers, as highly specific disease biomarkers, is highlighted towards a higher translational approach involving OO in nutritional recommendations.
authors.affiliation: iBET,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica,Apartado 12,2780-901 Oeiras,Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition,School of Medicine,University of Glasgow,Glasgow G31 2ER,UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Combet
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Faculty,University of Lisbon,Av. Prof. Gama Pinto,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.affiliation: Mosaiques diagnostics GmbH,Mellendorfer Strabe 7-9,30625 Hannover,Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koeck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences,University of Glasgow,Glasgow G12 8QQ,UK.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.affiliation: iBET,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica,Apartado 12,2780-901 Oeiras,Portugal.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bronze
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000069463:Olive Oil
keywords: CAD coronary artery disease; CKD chronic kidney disease; COX cyclooxygenase; Coronary artery disease; EFSA European Food Safety Authority; EVOO extra virgin olive oil; Inflammation; MMP matrix metalloproteinases; OO olive oil; Olive oil; Phenolics; Proteomic biomarkers; VOO virgin olive oils