title: Prognostic value of Caveolin-1 in patients treated with radical prostatectomy: a multicentric validation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate Caveolin-1 as an independent prognostic marker of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in a large multi-institutional cohort of patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Caveolin-1 expression was evaluated by immunochemistry on a tissue microarray in 3 117 patients treated with RP for prostate cancer at five institutions. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the association of Caveolin-1 status with BCR. Harrell's c-index quantified prognostic accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caveolin-1 was overexpressed in 644 (20.6%) patients and was associated with higher pathological Gleason sum (P = 0.002) and lymph node metastases (P = 0.05). Within a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 38 (21-66) months, 617 (19.8%) patients experienced BCR. Patients with overexpression of Caveolin-1 had worse BCR-free survival than those with normal expression (log-rank test, P = 0.004). Caveolin-1 was an independent predictor of BCR in multivariable analyses that adjusted for the effects of standard clinicopathological features (hazard ratio 1.21, P = 0.037). Addition of Caveolin-1 in a model for prediction of BCR based on these standard prognosticators did not significantly improve the predictive accuracy of the model. In subgroup analyses, Caveolin-1 was associated with BCR in patients with favourable pathological features (pT2pN0 and Gleason score = 6; P = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed that overexpression of Caveolin-1 is associated with adverse pathological features in prostate cancer and independently predicts BCR after RP, especially in patients with favourable pathological features. However, it did not add prognostically relevant information to established predictors of BCR, limiting its use in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Urology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klatte
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Urology, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lucca
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mbeutcha
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fajkovic
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Maxine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Scherr
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montorsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briganti
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Urology, La Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, University Paris 6, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rouprêt
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Vitaly
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Margulis
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kluth
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rieken
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.|Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals (UPLA), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kenner
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Susani
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Evanguelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Xylinas
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Loidl
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.|Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Shahrokh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shariat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1
keywords: Caveolin; disease recurrence; prognosis; prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy