title: A Note on PhD Population Growth in Biomedical Sciences.
abstract: The explosive increase in the number of postdocs in biomedical fields is puzzling for many science policymakers. We use our previously introduced parameter in this journal, the basic reproductive number in academia (R0), to make sense of PhD population growth in biomedical fields. Our analysis shows howR0in biomedical fields has increased over time, and we estimate that there is approximately only one tenure-track position in the US for every 6.3 PhD graduates, which means the rest need to get jobs outside academia or stay in lower-paid temporary positions. We elaborate on the structural reasons and systemic flaws of science workforce development by discussing feedback loops, especially vicious cycles, which contribute to over-production of PhDs. We argue that the current system is unstable but with no easy solution. A way to mitigate the effects of strong reinforcing loops is full disclosure of the risks of getting PhD.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech - Industrial and Systems Engineering, Blacksburg, Virginia United States.
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghaffarzadegan
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University - John Glenn School of Public Affairs, Columbus, Ohio United States.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.affiliation: MIT - Engineering Systems Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: MIT - Engineering Systems Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue