title: Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Children with Previous Renal Stone Operations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of open pyelolithotomy or nephrolithotomy on the results and complications of subsequent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the files of 121 children with 135 renal units (RUs) who underwent PCNL between February 2008 and October 2014. We compared RUs with no previous intervention (group 1, 87 RUs) with those that had preceding open pyelolithotomy or nephrolithotomy (group 2, 48 RUs). The demographic characteristics, mean operative time, mean fluoroscopy time, mean hemoglobin changes, number of percutaneous accesses, analgesic requirement, mean hospitalization time, stone-free rate, and complications were all reported and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 135 RUs in 121 children (74 boys and 47 girls) who underwent PCNL. No statistical differences were detected between the two groups in terms of age, sex, stone size, stone laterality, and stone opacity. Mean operative time, mean fluoroscopy time, mean hemoglobin change, number of percutaneous accesses, supracostal access, analgesic requirement, and hospitalization stay were similar in each group (P>0.05). The stone-free rate in group 1 was higher than that in group 2 (81.61% vs 79.17%). This was not statistically significant (P>0.05), however.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous open pyelolithotomy or nephrolithotomy does not affect the efficacy and morbidity of subsequent PCNL in pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Fayoum Faculty of Medicine , Fayoum, Egypt .
authors.forename: Hussein A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Aldaqadossi
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Ain Sham Faculty of Medicine , Cairo, Egypt .
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kotb
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Fayoum Faculty of Medicine , Fayoum, Egypt .
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D061214:Patient Safety; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006454:Hemoglobins