title: Normative and standardized data for cognitive measures in the Mexican Health and Aging Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the cognitive instrument used in the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) in Mexican individuals aged 60 and over and to provide normative values for the Cross Cultural Cognitive Examination test and its modified versions (CCCE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The CCCE was administered to 5,120 subjects as part of a population-based sample free of neurologic and psychiatric disease from the MHAS 2012 survey. Normative data were generated by age and education for each test in the cognitive instrument as well as for the total cognition score. Pearson correlations and analysis of variance were used to examine the relationship of scores to demographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results present standardized normed scores for eight cognitive domains: orientation, attention, verbal learning memory, verbal recall memory, visuospatial abilities, visual memory, executive function, and numeracy in three education groups within three age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings highlight the need for population-based norms for the CCCE, which has been used in population-based studies. Demographic factors such as age and education must be considered when interpreting the cognitive measures.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Estudios de Población, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Baja California, México.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mejía-Arango
authors.affiliation: Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, Estados Unidos de América.
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Center on Aging and Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, Estados Unidos de América.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michaels-Obregón
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires