title: Shift-and-Persist Strategies: Associations With Socioeconomic Status and the Regulation of Inflammation Among Adolescents and Their Parents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Shift-and-persist is a resilience construct hypothesized to be beneficial to physical health among individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES). This shift-and-persist construct entails a combination of reframing stressors more positively while also enduring adversity through finding purpose in life. In this study, we investigated how shift-and-persist relates to key inflammatory processes that are implicated in cardiovascular and other diseases. We also obtained validation information on a new shift-and-persist measure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 122 adolescents and 122 parents from a diverse range of SES backgrounds completed our shift-and-persist measure, a battery of other psychosocial questionnaires and interviews, and provided blood samples. Parents also provided SES information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliability and validity of the shift-and-persist measure were demonstrated across both adolescents and adults. Shift-and-persist moderated the association between SES and indicators of inflammatory regulation. Specifically, as SES declined, shift-and-persist was associated with greater sensitivity to glucocorticoids' anti-inflammatory properties (interaction in adolescents: [beta] = .21, p = .033; interaction in adults: [beta] = .25, p = .011), and also with less low-grade, chronic inflammation (interaction in adolescents: [beta] = .18, p = .044). Conversely, as SES increased, the opposite pattern was evident.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that adaptive psychosocial characteristics have the potential to regulate inflammatory processes in ways that may mitigate risk for a number of chronic diseases, particularly among disadvantaged groups.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kate C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*