title: Effects of Hangeshashinto on Growth of Oral Microorganisms.
abstract: Oral mucositis (OM) in cancer patients induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy has a significant impact on quality of life, and causes considerable morbidity. Oral microorganisms are likely to intensify the inflammatory process and aggravate the formation of ulcers. Hangeshashinto (HST), a Japanese kampo medicine, has been reported to be effective when used as a gargle for the treatment of OM. To clarify the effects of HST on oral microorganisms, we assessed its antimicrobial activity against 27 microbial species, including 19 oral bacteria and one fungus. HST extract inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, though inhibitory effects were less pronounced for Gram-positive bacteria and the fungal strain. We then investigated the effects of antibacterial activities on 15 purified ingredients of HST and determined that baicalein, berberine, coptisine, [6]-shogaol, and homogentisic acid actively inhibited the growth of these bacteria. These findings showed that HST inhibits the growth of specific Gram-negative periodontopathogenic bacteria, which are significant pathogens in OM, without disturbing the normal oral flora. Our data suggest that HST may be a useful treatment for OM in patients undergoing anticancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukamachi
authors.affiliation: Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Chinami
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Omiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirobumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morisaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadena
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funatsu
authors.affiliation: Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukutake
authors.affiliation: Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwata