title: The expression of inflammatory cytokines, TAM tyrosine kinase receptors and their ligands is upregulated in venous leg ulcer patients: a novel insight into chronic wound immunity.
abstract: The systemic host defence mechanisms, especially innate immunity, in venous leg ulcer patients are poorly investigated. The aim of the current study was to measure Candida albicans killing activity and gene expressions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and innate immune response regulators, TAM receptors and ligands of peripheral blood mononuclear cells separated from 69 venous leg ulcer patients and 42 control probands. Leg ulcer patients were stratified into responder and non-responder groups on the basis of wound healing properties. No statistical differences were found in Candida killing among controls, responders and non-responders. Circulating blood mononuclear cells of patients overexpress pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, TNFα, CXCL-8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines as well as TAM receptors (Tyro, Axl, MerTK) and their ligands Gas6 and Protein S compared with those of control individuals. IL-1α is notably overexpressed in venous leg ulcer treatment non-responders; in contrast, Axl gene expression is robustly stronger among responders. These markers may be considered as candidates for the prediction of treatment response among venous leg ulcer patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Kata
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Filkor
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Németh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Éva
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Kondorosi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Diagnostics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Edit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Urbán
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.|Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kemény
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Győző
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szolnoky
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008024:Ligands; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D014647:Varicose Ulcer
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008024:Ligands; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: Cytokine; Inflammation; Innate immunity; TAM receptor; Venous leg ulcer