title: Association of physical activity level with depression, anxiety, and quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have low physical activity levels and are at high risk for psychosocial morbidities, including depression, heightened anxiety and low health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the associations of physical activity level with depression, anxiety, and HRQoL in children with T1DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study design, including children with T1DM aged between 8 and 12 years and healthy controls, was used. Physical activity (PA) level was assessed with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Anxiety was screened by The Screen for Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Quality of life was assessed with the The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven T1DM and 55 healthy children were included with mean ages of 9.87±1.63 and 9.56±1.60 years, respectively. The T1DM group had significantly higher depression and anxiety score (p<0.05) and lower HRQoL-child self-report score (p<0.05, for all) compared with the control group. Significant associations were found between PAQ-C and PedsQL 4.0 (p<0.05), between SCARED and PedsQL 4.0 (p<0.05), and between HbA1c and PedsQL 4.0 (p<0.05) in children with T1DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result of our study suggested that only HRQoL was related to physical activity, anxiety and HbA1c in children with T1DM.
authors.forename: Ebru Kaya
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.forename: Caner
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.forename: Hanifegul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taskiran
authors.forename: Ilker Tolga
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Ozgen
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires