title: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for avascular necrosis of femoral head.
abstract: The etiology of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is multifactorial. Treatment of ONFH is disease stage dependent. For early stages, femoral head preservation procedures are preferred including core decompression, muscle pedicle grafting and de-rotational osteotomy. Core decompression with bone grafting is considered the gold standard. However, the results are inconsistence and unpredictable. An effective non-invasive method of treatment is imperative. Recently, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has shown beneficial effects in ONFH. ESWT improves pain and function of the hip and regression of the ONFH lesion. ESWT is more effective than core decompression with or without bone grafting, cocktail therapy that combined HBO, ESWT and oral alendronate is shown effective for patients with early osteonecrosis. The purpose of the article is to review, update and summarize the clinical treatment of ONFH using shockwave therapy.
authors.affiliation: Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: w281211@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Ching-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jai-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Han-Kan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Orthopedic, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D019386:Alendronate
keywords: Avascular necrosis; Extracorporeal shockwave therapy; Femoral head