title: A novel high-throughput method for supported liquid extraction of retinol and alpha-tocopherol from human serum and simultaneous quantitation by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measurement of vitamin A (retinol) and E (alpha-tocopherol) in UK clinical laboratories is currently performed exclusively by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. We investigated whether retinol and alpha-tocopherol could be measured simultaneously by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples (100 μL) were extracted using Isolute + Supported Liquid Extraction plates. Chromatography was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex Biphenyl 2.6 μm, 50 × 2.1 mm column, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry on a Waters Acquity TQD. Injection-to-injection time was 4.3 min. The assay was validated according to published guidelines. Patient samples were used to compare liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For retinol and alpha-tocopherol, respectively, the assay was linear up to 6.0 and 80.0 μmol/L, and lower limit of quantification was 0.07 and 0.26 μmol/L. Intra and interassay imprecision were within desirable analytical specifications. Analysis of quality control material aligned to NIST SRM 968e, and relative spiked recovery from human serum, both yielded results within 15% of target values. Method comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection methodology demonstrated a negative bias for retinol and alpha-tocopherol by the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Analysis of United Kingdom National External Quality Assurance Scheme samples yielded mean bias from the target value of +3.0% for retinol and -11.2% for alpha-tocopherol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed a novel, high-throughput method for extraction of retinol and alpha-tocopherol from human serum followed by simultaneous quantitation by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method offers a rapid, sensitive, specific and cost-effective alternative to high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection methodology, and is suitable for routine clinical monitoring of patients predisposed to fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK ed_hinchliffe@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hinchliffe
authors.affiliation: Phenomenex UK Ltd, Macclesfield, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rudge
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000592:standards; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol
keywords: Vitamin A; alpha-tocopherol; liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; retinol; vitamin E