title: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and associated pulmonary emphysema: Breathtaking vasculitis.
abstract: Pulmonary emphysema occasionally occurs in the absence of smoking or noxious exposures. Other than through a known association with alpha-1 antitryspin deficiency, to our knowledge, no reports implicate granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in causing airflow obstruction with small airway involvement and severe air trapping. To extend available experience, we report a 51-year-old male with biopsy-proven cytoplasmic-antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody proteinase 3 (ANCA PR3)-positive GPA who developed centrilobular emphysema and airflow obstruction during a phase of active vasculitis. He was a lifelong non-smoker and had a normal alpha-1 antitrypsin level and a PI*MM phenotype. Treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide caused clinical remission of his vasculitis which was associated with improvement in his respiratory symptoms. However, to date, structural changes of emphysema have persisted for over 9 years of follow-up. Clinicians should remain vigilant to the possibility of emphysema in patients with pulmonary vasculitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Respiratory Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Shruti K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gadre
authors.affiliation: Department of Education Institute, Respiratory Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Stoller
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Atul C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mehta
keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); emphysema; granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)