title: Candidate gene selection and detailed morphological evaluations of fs8.1, a quantitative trait locus controlling tomato fruit shape.
abstract: fs8.1 is a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) that controls the elongated shape of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. In this study, we fine-mapped the locus from a 47Mb to a 3.03Mb interval on the long arm of chromosome 8. Of the 122 annotated genes found in the fs8.1 region, 51 were expressed during floral development and six were differentially expressed in anthesis-stage ovaries in fs8.1 and wild-type (WT) lines. To identify possible nucleotide polymorphisms that may underlie the fruit shape phenotype, genome sequence analyses between tomato cultivars carrying the mutant and WT allele were conducted. This led to the identification of 158 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and five small indels in the fs8.1 interval, including 31 that could be associated with changes in gene expression or function. Morphological and histological analyses showed that the effects of fs8.1 were mainly on reproductive organ elongation by increasing cell number in the proximal-distal direction. Fruit weight was also increased in fs8.1 compared with WT, which was predominantly attributed to the increased fruit length. By combining the findings from the different analyses, we consider 12 likely candidate genes to underlie fs8.1, including Solyc08g062580 encoding a pentatricopeptide repeat protein, Solyc08g061560 encoding a putative orthologue of ERECTA, which is known to control fruit morphology and inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis, Solyc08g061910 encoding a GTL2-like trihelix transcription factor, Solyc08g061930 encoding a protein that regulates cytokinin degradation, and two genes, Solyc08g062340 and Solyc08g062450, encoding 17.6kDa class II small heat-shock proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Gustavo R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Josh P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Clevenger
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Eudald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Illa-Berenguer
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Jinshan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Blakeslee
authors.affiliation: Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Zhangjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Asela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wijeratne
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Tea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meulia
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, USA vanderknaap.1@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Knaap
mesh_terms: D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Candidate genes; expression analysis; fs8.1; genome sequence; morphological analysis; tomato fruit shape.