title: Assessment of current adhesives in class I cavity: Nondestructive imaging using optical coherence tomography and microtensile bond strength.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the sealing ability and the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of different adhesive systems bonded to dentin in class I cavities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Round tapered dentin cavities (3-mm diameter, 1.5-mm height) prepared in extracted human molars were restored using composite resin (Clearfil Majesty Posterior) with two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2: ASB2), two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond: CSEB), all-in-one adhesives (G-Bond Plus: GBP; Tri-S Bond Plus: TSBP), or no adhesive (Control), or bonded using low-shrinkage composite with its proper adhesive (Filtek Silorane, Silorane Adhesive System: FSS). After 24-h water storage or 10,000 cycles of thermal stress, the specimens were immersed into a contrast agent. Two and three-dimensional images were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The mean percentage of high brightness (HB%) at the interfacial zone in cross-sectional images was calculated as an indicator of contrast agent or gap at the interface. The specimens were then sectioned into beams and the MTBS measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HB% (ASB2=TSBP=CSEB<FSS=GBP) and MTBS (CSEB=ASB2, CSEB>TSBP=GBP=FSS, ASB2>FSS) differed significantly among the adhesives. After aging, HB% increased for GBP and FSS specimens, and the MTBS decreased for FSS specimens (ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc, p<0.05). The HB% and MTBS were significantly and negatively correlated (p=0.002). Confocal laser scanning and scanning electron micrographs confirmed contrast agent infiltration within the gap.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant correlation between sealing performance and bond strength of the adhesives in the whole cavity. After aging, the two-step systems showed equal or superior performance to the all-in-one and Silorane systems.
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: pmakishi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Makishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suppason
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thitthaweerat
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadr
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Microscopy and Image Center, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano Luis
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
authors.affiliation: Operative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation; D017266:Dental Prosthesis; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar / Q000737:chemistry*; D062047:Silorane Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D062047:Silorane Resins
keywords: Adhesive; Bond strength; Contrast agent; Marginal adaptation; Optical coherence tomography; Silver staining