title: Accumulation pattern of endogenous cytokinins and phenolics in different organs of 1-year-old cytokinin pre-incubated plants: implications for conservation.
abstract: A better understanding of phytohormone physiology can provide an essential basis to coherently achieve a conservation drive/strategy for valuable plant species. We evaluated the distribution pattern of cytokinins (CKs) and phenolic compounds in different organs of 1-year-old greenhouse-grown Tulbaghia simmleri pre-treated (during micropropagation) with three aromatic CKs (benzyladenine = BA, meta-topolin = mT, meta-topolin riboside = mTR). The test species is highly valuable due to its medicinal and ornamental uses. Based on UHPLC-MS/MS quantification, mT and mTR pre-treated plants had the highest total CK, mostly resulting from the isoprenoid CK-type, which occurred at highest concentrations in the roots. Although occurring in much lower concentrations when compared to isoprenoid CKs, aromatic CKs were several-fold more abundant in the root of mT pre-treated plants than with other treatments. Possibly related to the enhanced aromatic CKs, free bases and ribonucleotides, plants pre-treated with mT generally displayed better morphology than the other treatments. A total of 12 bioactive phenolic compounds, including four hydroxybenzoic acids, five hydroxycinnamic acids and three flavonoids at varying concentrations, were quantified in T. simmleri. The occurrence, distribution and levels of these phenolic compounds were strongly influenced by the CK pre-treatments, thereby confirming the importance of CKs in phenolic biosynthesis pathways.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Aremu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plačková
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gruz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bíba
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Šubrtová
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Novák
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doležal
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Staden
mesh_terms: D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000378:metabolism*; D019668:Liliaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003373:Coumaric Acids; D003583:Cytokinins; D005419:Flavonoids; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010636:Phenols; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators
keywords: Acclimatisation; UHPLC; conservation; meta-topolins; phytochemicals; plant growth regulators; wild garlic