title: Energy Contribution of Beverages in US Children by Age, Weight, and Consumer Status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Messaging to reduce unhealthy beverage intake is often targeted to overweight and obese children; however, there is little evidence to show that healthy weight children have healthier beverage intake patterns. Further, data on consumers only may further elucidate beverage intake patterns.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to update the current body of literature describing beverage intake in children by weight category, with the addition of consumer-only data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Day one 24-hour recalls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010 were analyzed to assess beverage intake of children 2-18 years old and differences by weight category. Beverages were coded as water, milk, 100% juice, coffee/tea, fruit drinks, soda, or low-calorie/diet drinks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, 18.7% of total daily calories for 2- to 18-year-old children came from beverages; 60% of total daily calories from added sugar came from beverages. Mean calories from beverages were 359, 358, and 386 kcal for normal weight, overweight, and obese children, respectively. Across all weight categories, there were clinically significant differences between overall means and means for consumers only. There were overlapping confidence intervals for intake of calories from soda and fruit drinks consumed by 2- to 5-year-olds and 12- to 18-year-olds, suggesting nonsignificant differences in intake across weight categories for these age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Messaging around beverage intake may be beneficial for children of all weights, particularly for those known to consume sugar-sweetened beverages. The per-consumer estimates may represent a better measure of intakes in future examinations of 24-hour recall data.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Rosanna P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Watowicz
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Health Behavior & Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Gail L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH.|4 Department of Family Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001628:Beverages; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology