title: A First Report of Anguina pacificae in Ireland.
abstract: Anguina pacificae is a significant pest of Poa annua golf course greens in northern California. This study presents the first confirmed case of an A. pacificae infestation outside of North America, where the nematode's distribution is further restricted to a relatively limited coastal region. Species confirmation was made by morphometric and molecular methods and comparisons to closely related species including the European species, Anguina agropyri. The A. pacificae population detected on an Irish golf course was monitored over a 2-yr period and the life cycle compared with Californian population dynamics. A. pacificae was assessed for the potential risk of spreading to the local agricultural sector, in addition, the biosecurity risks from A. pacificae and plant parasitic nematodes in general were reviewed for northwest Europe.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Parasitology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aaron G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Maule
authors.affiliation: Parasitology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom. ; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hainon-McDowell
authors.affiliation: The Turf Disease Centre Waverley Cottage, Sherfield Road, Bramley, Hampshire RG26 5AG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Entwistle
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.affiliation: Parasitology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom. ; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Colin C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Fleming
keywords: Agrostis; Anguina pacificae; Pacific shoot-gall nematode; Poa annua; annual bluegrass; biosecurity; detection; diagnosis; host range; morphology; morphometrics; population dynamics; stem gall