title: Therapeutic targeting of Toll-like receptors in cutaneous disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of skin, as a part of the immune system has long been elucidated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a group of pattern recognition receptors, are involved in the recognition of invading pathogens, initiation of immune responses and regulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of TLRs in the pathophysiology of several skin conditions, which mandates the development and study of therapeutic strategies that target TLRs.
  
  
  METHODS
  With regards to the role of TLRs in pathogenesis of diverse cutaneous conditions, recent advances, as well as the future prospects of therapeutic implications of TLRs in cutaneous disorders is reviewed in this article.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although non-specific therapeutic strategies seem to reduce the symptoms in majority of patients, a considerable proportion remain untreated or have to deal with inevitable adverse effects of such therapies. Since TLRs regulate many patholophysiological processes, they could be good candidates for more specific therapeutic approaches. TLR targeting as the first recipient of invading pathogens is a growing concept in this field.
authors.affiliation: a 1 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Dr. Qarib Street Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran +98 21 6692 9234 ; +98 21 6692 9235 ; rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Nassim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matin
authors.affiliation: a 1 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Dr. Qarib Street Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran +98 21 6692 9234 ; +98 21 6692 9235 ; rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Omidreza
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tabatabaie
authors.affiliation: a 1 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Dr. Qarib Street Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran +98 21 6692 9234 ; +98 21 6692 9235 ; rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Payam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohammadinejad
authors.affiliation: a 1 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Dr. Qarib Street Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran +98 21 6692 9234 ; +98 21 6692 9235 ; rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.|b 2 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Molecular Immunology Research Center and Department of Immunology , Tehran, Iran.|c 3 Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rezaei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: Toll-like receptors; cutaneous; pattern-recognition receptors; skin; therapeutics