title: Vitamin E: A Role in Signal Transduction.
abstract: Vitamin E modulates the activity of several signal transduction enzymes with consequent alterations of gene expression. At the molecular level, vitamin E may directly bind to these enzymes and compete with their substrates, or it may change their activity by redox regulation. The translocation of several of these enzymes to the plasma membrane is regulated by vitamin E, suggesting the modulation of protein-membrane interactions as a common mechanism for vitamin E action. Enzyme-membrane interactions can be affected by vitamin E by interference with binding to specific membrane lipids or by altering cellular structures such as membrane microdomains (lipid rafts). Moreover, competition by vitamin E for common binding sites within lipid transport proteins may alter the traffic of lipid mediators and thus affect their signaling and enzymatic conversion. In this review, the main effects of vitamin E on enzymes involved in signal transduction are summarized and possible molecular mechanisms leading to enzyme modulation are evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136-6129; email: jaz42@miami.edu.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zingg
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D014810:Vitamin E; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
keywords: kinase; lipid transport proteins; membrane lipid domains; phosphatase; tocopherol; tocotrienol