title: Unravelling osteoarthritis-related synovial fibrosis: a step closer to solving joint stiffness.
abstract: Synovial fibrosis is often found in OA, contributing heavily to joint pain and joint stiffness, the main symptoms of OA. At this moment the underlying mechanism of OA-related synovial fibrosis is not known and there is no cure available. In this review we discuss factors that have been reported to be involved in synovial fibrosis. The aim of the study was to gain insight into how these factors contribute to the fibrotic process and to determine the best targets for therapy in synovial fibrosis. In this regard, the following factors are discussed: TGF-β, connective tissue growth factor, procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 12, urotensin-II, prostaglandin F2α and hyaluronan.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Experimental Rheumatology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dennis F G
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Remst
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Experimental Rheumatology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esmeralda N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Blaney Davidson
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Experimental Rheumatology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Peter.vanderKraan@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: van der Kraan
mesh_terms: D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008240:Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D008240:Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase
keywords: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 12; Hyaluronan; PGF2α; TGF-β; connective tissue growth factor; fibrosis; lysyl hydroxylase 2b; osteoarthritis; synovium; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1