title: Topographic Relationship between the Supratrochlear Nerve and Corrugator Supercilii Muscle--Can This Anatomical Knowledge Improve the Response to Botulinum Toxin Injections in Chronic Migraine?
abstract: Chronic migraine has been related to the entrapment of the supratrochlear nerve within the corrugator supercilii muscle. Recently, research has shown that people who have undergone botulinum neurotoxin A injection in frontal regions reported disappearance or alleviation of their migraines. There have been numerous anatomical studies conducted on Caucasians revealing possible anatomical problems leading to migraine; on the other hand, relatively few anatomical studies have been conducted on Asians. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the topographic relationship between the supratrochlear nerve and corrugator supercilii muscle in the forehead that may be the cause of migraine. Fifty-eight hemifaces from Korean and Thai cadavers were used for this study. The supratrochlear nerve entered the corrugator supercilii muscle in every case. Type I, in which the supratrochlear nerve emerged separately from the supraorbital nerve at the medial one-third portion of the orbit, was observed in 69% (40/58) of cases. Type II, in which the supratrochlear nerve emerged from the orbit at the same location as the supraorbital nerve, was observed in 31% (18/58) of cases.
authors.affiliation: Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea. leehj221@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Hyung-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea. gattaca04@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Kwang-Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Semyungro 65, Jecheonsi, Chungcheongbuk-do 390-711, Korea. apolius@naver.com.
authors.forename: Sung-Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: The Chula Soft Cadaver Surgical Training Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan 10330, Bangkok, Thailand. cyj7797@naver.com.
authors.forename: Prawit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Apinuntrum
authors.affiliation: Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea. hks318@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Kyung-Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Temporomandibular Joint and Orofacial Pain Clinic, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea. k8756050@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Seong-Taek
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: The Chula Soft Cadaver Surgical Training Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan 10330, Bangkok, Thailand. tansatit@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tanvaa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tansatit
authors.affiliation: Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea. hjk776@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002102:Cadaver; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D042282:Microdissection; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014321:Trochlear Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: chronic migraine; corrugator supercilii muscle; periorbital region; supratrochlear nerve; trigger point injection