title: Redox signaling, Nox5 and vascular remodeling in hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extensive data indicate a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signaling in vascular damage in hypertension. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear, but oxidative post-translational modification of vascular proteins is critical. This review discusses how proteins are oxidatively modified and how redox signaling influences vascular smooth muscle cell growth and vascular remodeling in hypertension. We also highlight Nox5 as a novel vascular ROS-generating oxidase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidative stress in hypertension leads to oxidative imbalance that affects vascular cell function through redox signaling. Many Nox isoforms produce ROS in the vascular wall, and recent findings show that Nox5 may be important in humans. ROS regulate signaling by numerous processes including cysteine oxidative post-translational modification such as S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation and sulfydration. In vascular smooth muscle cells, this influences cellular responses to oxidative stimuli promoting changes from a contractile to a proliferative phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hypertension, Nox-induced ROS production is increased, leading to perturbed redox signaling through oxidative modifications of vascular proteins. This influences mitogenic signaling and cell cycle regulation, leading to altered cell growth and vascular remodeling in hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Augusto C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Montezano
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsiropoulou
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dulak-Lis
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Livia De Lucca
authors.initials: Lde L
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Rhian M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Touyz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074664:NADPH Oxidase 5; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D066253:Vascular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000074664:NADPH Oxidase 5; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C431571:NOX5 protein, human