title: Efficacy of a proprietary formulation of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin against Ixodes scapularis tick infestations on dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efficacy of FRONTLINE TRITAK For Dogs (fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin, Merial, Inc., Duluth, GA) against Ixodes scapularis was evaluated in two separate, but concurrent laboratory studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  One day after topical treatment with placebo or active, dogs (n = 24) were infested with 50 unfed adult Ixodes scapularis ticks, with repeat infestations on Days 7, 14, 21 and 28. The number of live ticks was counted at 6 hours post-infestation in the first study (n = 12) and at 24 hours post-infestation in the second study (n = 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Observed efficacies in study 1 were 93-99% at 6 hour assessments on Day 1 through Day 28 and in the second study, 98-100% at 24 hour assessments, occurring on Day 2 through Day 29.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single dose of FRONTLINE TRITAK For Dogs (fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin) (0.67 ml or 1.34 ml) prevented the establishment of a new infestation following treatment, as well as the repeated weekly re-infestations with Ixodes scapularis ticks, for 4 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Merial, Inc., 3239 Satellite Blvd, Duluth, GA, 30096, USA. doug.carithers@merial.com.
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carithers
authors.affiliation: BerTek, Inc., Greenbrier, AR, USA. wreverett@bertekconsults.com.
authors.forename: William Russell
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.affiliation: Independent Contract Statistician, Piscataway, NJ, USA. sheilaandhercats@verizon.net.
authors.forename: Sheila J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: Merial, Inc., 3239 Satellite Blvd, Duluth, GA, 30096, USA. ruchika.solanki@merial.com.
authors.forename: Ruchika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solanki
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018884:Ixodes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008726:Methoprene / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013983:Tick Control; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D008726:Methoprene; C082360:fipronil; C051001:cyphenothrin