title: Multi-generational effects of propranolol on Daphnia magna at different environmental concentrations.
abstract: To evaluate the effects of propranolol on Daphnia magna (D. magna), we employed a multi-generational exposure period for eight generations and an environmentally relevant low concentration with 1.5 ng/L, 0.2 μg/L and 26 μg/L to reflect a realistic exposure scenario. Physiological endpoints were checked, including growth, number of neonates, heart rate, frequency of abdominal appendage movement and malformation rate of neonates. In the results, growth and abdominal appendage movement were affected by environmental concentration during several generations, and the responses showed consistent tendencies of response increase with concentration increase. Heart rate was the only endpoint affected throughout all exposure generations. Inhibitory and acceleratory effects on heart rate, growth and abdominal appendage movement suggest that it is necessary to cover sub-lethal endpoints of non-targeted organisms in eco-toxicity study because the physiological responses were detected at much lower concentrations than the results of traditional toxicity tests, including environmental concentration.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea. Electronic address: Envtoxicologist@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tae-Yong
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, South Korea. Electronic address: hykim0303@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hyun Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea. Electronic address: sdkim@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Don
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011433:Propranolol
keywords: D. magna; Environmentally relevant concentration; Multigenerational effects; Propranolol; Sub-lethal effects