title: Diets in Encephalopathy.
abstract: As many as 80% of patients with end-stage liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy have significant protein-calorie malnutrition. Because of the severe hypercatabolic state of cirrhosis, the provision of liberal amounts of carbohydrate (at least 35 to 40 kcal/kg per day), and between 1.2 and 1.6 g/kg of protein is necessary. Protein restriction is not recommended. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and vegetable protein are associated with improved outcomes. Dietary supplementation with vitamins, minerals (with the notable exception of zinc) and probiotics should be decided on a case-by-case basis.
authors.affiliation: 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA. Electronic address: g-abd@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Abdelsayed
mesh_terms: D024322:Amino Acids, Aromatic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D024322:Amino Acids, Aromatic; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary; D014815:Vitamins
keywords: Diet; Encephalopathy; End-stage liver disease; Malnutrition