title: Rapamycin reverses paraquat-induced acute lung injury in a rat model through inhibition of NFκB activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of rapamycin (RAPA) in paraquat (PQ)-induced acute lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung tissues were stained with HE and lung histology was observed. Mortality rate, and neutrophil and leukocyte count in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were recorded. Protein content in BALF was determined by Coomassie blue staining. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in blood were determined by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay, pyrogallol autoxidation method, and modified Haefman method, respectively. The NF-κB activity was measured by gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and pH values were measured by automated blood gas analyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HE staining results demonstrated RAPA alleviated pathological changes of acute alveolitis in SD rats. Trend of protein content in BALF was PQ group>RAPA treatment group>control group (P<0.05). Neutrophil and leukocyte count in RAPA treatment group was significantly lower than PQ group at 3, 5, and 7 days after injection (P<0.05). Trend of MDA content was RAPA treatment group>PQ group>control group (P<0.05). Trend of GSH-Px and SOD activity was control group>RAPA treatment group>PQ group (P<0.05). Compared with PQ group, PaO2 in RAPA treatment group was markedly higher and PaCO2 was lower (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PQ-induced acute lung injury was effectively reversed with RAPA, through inhibition of NF-κB activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010269:Paraquat; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010269:Paraquat; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: NF-κB; Rapamycin; acute lung injury; glutathione peroxidase; malondialdehyde; paraquat; paraquat-induced acute lung injury rat model; superoxide dismutase