title: Iodinated Contrast Media Increased the Risk of Thyroid Dysfunction: A 6-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risks of thyroid dysfunction after iodinated contrast media (ICM) exposure are largely unknown, especially in Asian populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine whether ICM exposure in patients with normal thyroid would increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort study including a random selection of 1 million people in 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  General population of Taiwan was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with ICM exposure were identified as cases, whereas patients without any ICM exposure were selected as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventions included ICM exposure or nonexposure in normal thyroid function patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary endpoint was the composite risk of thyroid dysfunction associated with ICM exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19 642 cases and 78 568 matched controls were recruited in this study. The mean ages of ICM exposure and nonexposure were 53.9 and 53.6 years, respectively, and mean follow-up durations were 4.1 and 5.6 years, respectively. After adjustment, patients with ICM exposure had a significantly higher risk of thyroid dysfunction (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-1.66). In the subgroup analysis, the adjusted hazard ratios of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism compared with controls were 1.22 (95% CI, 1.04-1.44) and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.65-2.44), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICM exposure was associated with higher risk of thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Health Policy and Management (J.-Y.C.), Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Division of Basic Medical Research (C.-H.P.), Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Pharmacy (Y.-R.L.), Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Edy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kornelius
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Health Policy and Management (J.-Y.C.), Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Division of Basic Medical Research (C.-H.P.), Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Pharmacy (Y.-R.L.), Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jeng-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Health Policy and Management (J.-Y.C.), Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Division of Basic Medical Research (C.-H.P.), Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Pharmacy (Y.-R.L.), Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Health Policy and Management (J.-Y.C.), Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Division of Basic Medical Research (C.-H.P.), Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Pharmacy (Y.-R.L.), Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiung-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Health Policy and Management (J.-Y.C.), Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Division of Basic Medical Research (C.-H.P.), Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Pharmacy (Y.-R.L.), Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yung-Rung
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (E.K., Y.-S.Y., C.-N.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Health Policy and Management (J.-Y.C.), Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Division of Basic Medical Research (C.-H.P.), Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Pharmacy (Y.-R.L.), Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Ning
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media