title: Revisiting the D-RECT tool: Validation of an instrument measuring residents' learning climate perceptions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Credible evaluation of the learning climate requires valid and reliable instruments in order to inform quality improvement activities. Since its initial validation the Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test (D-RECT) has been increasingly used to evaluate the learning climate, yet it has not been tested in its final form and on the actual level of use - the department.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to re-investigate the internal validity and reliability of the D-RECT at the resident and department levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  D-RECT evaluations collected during 2012-2013 were included. Internal validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability was assessed using generalizability theory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 2306 evaluations and 291 departments were included. Exploratory factor analysis showed a 9-factor structure containing 35 items: teamwork, role of specialty tutor, coaching and assessment, formal education, resident peer collaboration, work is adapted to residents' competence, patient sign-out, educational atmosphere, and accessibility of supervisors. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable to good fit. Three resident evaluations were needed to assess the overall learning climate reliably and eight residents to assess the subscales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reaffirms the reliability and internal validity of the D-RECT in measuring residency training learning climate. Ongoing evaluation of the instrument remains important.
authors.affiliation: a University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands .
authors.forename: Milou E W M
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Silkens
authors.affiliation: a University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands .|b Maastricht University , The Netherlands .
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smirnova
authors.affiliation: b Maastricht University , The Netherlands .
authors.forename: Renee E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Stalmeijer
authors.affiliation: a University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands .|c University of California Los Angeles , USA .|d UCLA Center for Health Policy Research , USA.
authors.forename: Onyebuchi A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Arah
authors.affiliation: b Maastricht University , The Netherlands .
authors.forename: Albert J J A
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Scherpbier
authors.affiliation: b Maastricht University , The Netherlands .
authors.forename: Cees P M
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Van Der Vleuten
authors.affiliation: a University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands .
authors.forename: Kiki M J M H
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lombarts
mesh_terms: D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D011594:Psychometrics; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*