title: Partial fourier and parallel MR image reconstruction with integrated gradient nonlinearity correction.
abstract: To describe how integrated gradient nonlinearity (GNL) correction can be used within noniterative partial Fourier (homodyne) and parallel (SENSE and GRAPPA) MR image reconstruction strategies, and demonstrate that performing GNL correction during, rather than after, these routines mitigates the image blurring and resolution loss caused by postreconstruction image domain based GNL correction.
  
  
  
  Starting from partial Fourier and parallel magnetic resonance imaging signal models that explicitly account for GNL, noniterative image reconstruction strategies for each accelerated acquisition technique are derived under the same core mathematical assumptions as their standard counterparts. A series of phantom and in vivo experiments on retrospectively undersampled data were performed to investigate the spatial resolution benefit of integrated GNL correction over conventional postreconstruction correction.
  
  
  
  Phantom and in vivo results demonstrate that the integrated GNL correction reduces the image blurring introduced by the conventional GNL correction, while still correcting GNL-induced coarse-scale geometrical distortion. Images generated from undersampled data using the proposed integrated GNL strategies offer superior depiction of fine image detail, for example, phantom resolution inserts and anatomical tissue boundaries.
  
  
  
  Noniterative partial Fourier and parallel imaging reconstruction methods with integrated GNL correction reduce the resolution loss that occurs during conventional postreconstruction GNL correction while preserving the computational efficiency of standard reconstruction techniques. Magn Reson Med 75:2534-2544, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.|Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Shengzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Trzasko
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Yunhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Weavers
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huston
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Matt A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging
keywords: GRAPPA; SENSE; gradient nonlinearity; homodyne; nonuniform fast Fourier transform; parallel imaging; partial Fourier