title: Gum acacia mitigates genetic damage in adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subjects with chronic renal failure (CRF) exhibit oxidative genome damage, which may predispose to carcinogenesis, and Gum acacia (GumA) ameliorates this condition in humans and animals. We evaluated here renal DNA damage and urinary excretion of four nucleic acid oxidation adducts namely 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 8-oxoguanosine (8-oxoGuo) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanisone (8-OHdg) in rats with adenine (ADE)-induced CRF with and without GumA treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four rats were divided into four equal groups and treated for 4 weeks. The first group was given normal food and water (control). The second group was given normal food and GumA (15% w/v) in drinking water. The third group was fed powder diet containing adenine (ADE) (0·75% w/w in feed). The fourth group was fed like in the third group, plus GumA in drinking water (15%, w/v).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADE feeding induced CRF (as measured by several physiological, biochemical and histological indices) and also caused a significant genetic damage and significant decreases in urinary 8-oxo Gua and 8-oxoGuo, but not in the other nucleic acids. However, concomitant GumA treatment reduced the level of genetic damage in kidney cells as detected by Comet assay and significantly reversed the effect of adenine on urinary 8-oxoGuo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with GumA is able to mitigate genetic damage in renal tissues of rats with ADE-induced CRF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al Balushi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Husseini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemmar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schupp
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000225:Adenine / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D006151:Guanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012076:Renal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012076:Renal Agents; D006151:Guanosine; C046215:8-hydroxyguanosine; C024829:8-hydroxyguanine; D006147:Guanine; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D006170:Gum Arabic; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D000225:Adenine
keywords: Adenine; Comet test; DNA damage; chronic renal failure; gum acacia; rats