title: MEDICAL EXPULSIVE TREATMENT OF DISTAL URETERAL STONE USING TAMSULOSIN.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many minimally invasive interventional techniques as well as expectant treatment exist for the management of lower ureteric calculi. This study was conducted to evaluate th efficacy of tamsulosin as an expulsive pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of distal uretern stone.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized control trial included 100 patients over 18 years of age wit stone Size > or = mm in distal 1/3 of ureter. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups (A & B Group A Patients were given Capsule Tamsulosin 0.4 mg, 1 daily up to 4 weeks while group B patients were given placebo, 1 Capsule daily up to 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was expulsio rate. A written informed consent was taken from all the patients. Expulsion time, need for analgesics, need for hospitalization and drug side effects were secondary endpoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 49 patients in group A and 48 patients in group B reported back, therefore 97 out of 10 patients were evaluated. Mean age of the patients was 36.34 years (range 18-57 years). Mea stone size was 5.78 mm (range 4-8 mm) in greatest dimension. A stone expulsion rate of 85.71C (42 patients) was noted in group A and 54.20% (26 patients) in group B. Group A revealed statistically significant advantage in term of stone expulsion rate (p=0.032). Considering expulsio time in days group A showed statistically significant advantage (p=0.015). Regarding age, se) stone size and stone lateralization (right/left), there was no significant difference between th group A and B. No drug side effects were noted in both the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By usin tamsulosin a higher stone expulsion rates can be achieved in a shorter time. More randomize control trials are required to establish tamsulosin as a standard medical expulsive treatment fc
authors.forename: Hussain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Waqar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Azim
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akmal
authors.forename: Badar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murtaza
authors.forename: Arshad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadim
authors.forename: Khubaib
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shahzad
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077409:Tamsulosin; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077409:Tamsulosin