title: Investigations of renal function using the level of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin associated with single-dose of cisplatin during chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is known as a primary indicator of acute and chronic renal and can be effective in chronic kidney injury (CKI) with kidney tumors cisplatin (CP) chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum and urinary biomarker including NGAL (sNGAL and uNGAL) in canine with solid renal tumors who suffered from cisplatin after short and long-term chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, in treatment and control groups, canine (n = 10 and n = 5) were administered cisplatin at 1.2 mg/kg/day (i.v.) for five consecutive days with CKI and without CKI, respectively. Serum and urine NGAL levels (ng/mL) were evaluated at 0, 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25 and 29 days after drug injection versus baseline in treated and control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Canine in treatment group had shown symptoms of toxicity of cisplatin. The results indicated the higher concentrations of serum, sNGAL and uNGAL (P = 0.024; P = 0.011) compared with control group (P = 0.701, P = 0.612), (Table 2, Figs. 1 and 2). Indeed, our results showed that canine with CKI were associated with higher levels of sNGAL and uNGAL compared with control group without CKI. Moreover, the highest level of uNGAL was seen in comparison with sNGAL, after a high dose (1.2 mg/kg) administration of CP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggested that U-NGAL may be useful for monitoring of renal injury in CKI patients that exposed with cisplatin. Furthermore, a primary elevate in urinary NGAL expulsion may help in identifying cases at danger of cisplatin-induced CKI that might profit from innovative remedies to prevent cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Maghsoudi
authors.affiliation: Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Hesamoddin
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mirjalili
authors.affiliation: Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolatabadi
authors.affiliation: Under graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa Fallah
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Joshaghani
authors.affiliation: Center for Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (iict), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarea
authors.affiliation: Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yahaghi
authors.affiliation: Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. a.mokarizadeh@muk.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mokarizadeh
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C000589991:neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin protein, dog; D002945:Cisplatin