title: Factors affecting workplace bullying and lateral violence among clinical nurses in Korea: descriptive study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Workplace bullying and lateral violence are serious issues affecting the work life of hospital nurses. The purpose of this study was to identify the selected individual and institutional characteristics for workplace bullying and lateral violence using a conceptual framework.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive survey design was used. A convenience sample of 255 nurses in tertiary hospitals, who had a minimum of 6 months clinical experience, completed the survey. Regression analysis was used to determine factors significantly associated with workplace bullying and lateral violence. The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised and the Lateral Violence scale were used to measure workplace bullying and lateral violence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A negative affect, individualism and working in hospital specialty units predicted workplace bullying. Individualism, a negative affect, affiliated hospital and working hours predicted verbal abuse whereas the place of employment was significantly associated with lateral violence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study identified factors that are associated with bullying and violence but did not fully support the conceptual framework. The individual characteristic negative affect was significantly associated with most types of workplace bullying and lateral violence bully whereas the place of employment was an important factor in lateral violence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse managers need to be aware that both individual and institutional factors may impact levels of workplace bullying and lateral violence in their hospitals and need to prepare specific strategies to address these multiple factors.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Choon
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Uhm
authors.affiliation: Department of Business Information Statistics, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058445:Bullying; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D064450:Workplace Violence / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: hospital nurses; workplace bullying; workplace violence