title: Pupillary responses to light in chronic non-blast-induced mTBI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate objectively and quantitatively human pupillary responses to a light stimulus under photopic conditions in individuals with non-blast-induced, chronic, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen individuals with chronic, non-blast-induced mTBI and 15 visually-normal (VN) controls were tested (aged 21-45 years). Pupillary responsivity to a brief step-input light stimulus was assessed objectively in each eye for 5 seconds using the Neuroptics PLR-200 monocular, hand-held pupillometer with its pre-set and automated eight parameter analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the eight parameters assessed were significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) in the mTBI group as compared to the VN control group: maximum (or peak) constriction velocity, average constriction velocity, average dilation velocity, maximum diameter and amplitude of constriction. The remaining three parameters were similar in each group (p > 0.05): constriction latency, 75% dilation recovery time and minimum diameter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The slowed dilation dynamics and reduced maximum pupillary diameter in mTBI suggest deficiency primarily of the sympathetic control system. The reduced peak velocities and related amplitudes suggest subtle parasympathetic involvement.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological and Vision Sciences , SUNY State College of Optometry , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Preethi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thiagarajan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological and Vision Sciences , SUNY State College of Optometry , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ciuffreda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001924:Brain Concussion; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020208:Brain Injury, Chronic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Mild traumatic brain injury; parasympathetic system; pupillary dynamics; pupillary light reaction; sympathetic system