title: Benefits of Sleep Extension on Sustained Attention and Sleep Pressure Before and During Total Sleep Deprivation and Recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of 6 nights of sleep extension on sustained attention and sleep pressure before and during total sleep deprivation and after a subsequent recovery sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects participated in two experimental conditions (randomized cross-over design): extended sleep (EXT, 9.8 ± 0.1 h (mean ± SE) time in bed) and habitual sleep (HAB, 8.2 ± 0.1 h time in bed). In each condition, subjects performed two consecutive phases: (1) 6 nights of either EXT or HAB (2) three days in-laboratory: baseline, total sleep deprivation and after 10 h of recovery sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residential sleep extension and sleep performance laboratory (continuous polysomnographic recording).
  
  
  METHODS
  14 healthy men (age range: 26-37 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  EXT vs. HAB sleep durations prior to total sleep deprivation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total sleep time and duration of all sleep stages during the 6 nights were significantly higher in EXT than HAB. EXT improved psychomotor vigilance task performance (PVT, both fewer lapses and faster speed) and reduced sleep pressure as evidenced by longer multiple sleep latencies (MSLT) at baseline compared to HAB. EXT limited PVT lapses and the number of involuntary microsleeps during total sleep deprivation. Differences in PVT lapses and speed and MSLT at baseline were maintained after one night of recovery sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six nights of extended sleep improve sustained attention and reduce sleep pressure. Sleep extension also protects against psychomotor vigilance task lapses and microsleep degradation during total sleep deprivation. These beneficial effects persist after one night of recovery sleep.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Brétigny sur Orge, France.|Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Université de Lyon, 42000 Saint Etienne, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pierrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Arnal
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Brétigny sur Orge, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sauvet
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leger
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Brétigny sur Orge, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Beers
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bayon
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Brétigny sur Orge, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bougard
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Brétigny sur Orge, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabat
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Université de Lyon, 42000 Saint Etienne, France.|Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Guillaume Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Brétigny sur Orge, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mounir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chennaoui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
keywords: cognitive performance; involuntary microsleep; recovery sleep; sleep deprivation; sleep extension