title: Pannexin 3 is required for normal progression of skeletal development in vertebrates.
abstract: The vertebrate skeletal system has various functions, including support, movement, protection, and the production of blood cells. The development of cartilage and bones, the core components of the skeletal system, is mediated by systematic inter- and intracellular communication among multiple signaling pathways in differentiating progenitors and the surrounding tissues. Recently, Pannexin (Panx) 3 has been shown to play important roles in bone development in vitro by mediating multiple signaling pathways, although its roles in vivo have not been explored. In this study, we generated and analyzed Panx3 knockout mice and examined the skeletal phenotypes of panx3 morphant zebrafish. Panx3(-/-) embryos exhibited delays in hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and osteoblast differentiation as well as the initiation of mineralization, resulting in shortened long bones in adulthood. The abnormal progression of hypertrophic chondrogenesis appeared to be associated with the sustained proliferation of chondrocytes, which resulted from increased intracellular cAMP levels. Similarly, osteoblast differentiation and mineralization were delayed in panx3 morphant zebrafish. Taken together, our results provide evidence of the crucial roles of Panx3 in vertebrate skeletal development in vivo.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Se-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jeong-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jeong-In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jinwook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jae Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Harinarayana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ankamerddy
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Myoung-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Tae-Lin
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Zae-Young
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Ryoo
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Un-Kyung
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA bokj@yuhs.ac kylee@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jinwoong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bok
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, BrainKorea21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA bokj@yuhs.ac kylee@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyu-Yup
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; C528477:pannexin 3 protein, mouse; D000242:Cyclic AMP
keywords: chondrocytes; differentiation; mineralization; osteoblasts