title: Physical self-confidence levels of adolescents: Scale reliability and validity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish reliability, content validity and concurrent validity of the physical self-confidence scale among adolescents. Demonstrate the use of this scale to assess the physical self-confidence of adolescents across genders at performing specific fundamental movement skills (FMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and seventy six adolescents were involved in this study. A 15 item scale was developed to assess physical self-confidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The scale was developed based on 15 specific FMS. Experts in the field reviewed the scale to ensure content validity. The reliability of the scale was assessed on a sub-sample of 67 participants who answered the scale 7-days apart. Concurrent validity was assessed on the sub-sample using the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) as a comparative tool. 376 adolescents completed the physical self-confidence scale (mean age=13.78, SD=±1.21, males n=193) to assess gender differences, and also their levels of physical self-confidence across all skills.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An Intra Class Correlation indicated excellent test retest reliability for the scale with an overall r=0.92. Content validity and concurrent validity were also good, with the scale achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.72 with the PSPP. Males possess significantly higher physical self-confidence than females across all items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This scale is the first reliable and valid tool which specifically measures physical self-confidence in performing FMS among adolescents. The results highlight gender differences in physical self-confidence and emphasise the importance of measuring this at skill level as differences were task specific. This scale will facilitate future research examining the relationship between self-confidence, FMS proficiency and physical activity participation.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland. Electronic address: bronagh.mcgrane2@mail.dcu.ie.
authors.forename: Bronagh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McGrane
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland. Electronic address: sarahjane.belton@dcu.ie.
authors.forename: SarahJane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belton
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland. Electronic address: danielle.powell4@mail.dcu.ie.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland. Electronic address: catherine.woods@dcu.ie.
authors.forename: Catherine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland. Electronic address: johann.issartel@dcu.ie.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Issartel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Locomotor; Movement skill; Object control; Perceived competence; Self-efficacy; Youth