title: Long-term results of carmustine wafer implantation for newly diagnosed glioblastomas: a controlled propensity-matched analysis of a French multicenter cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma is maximal safe surgical resection, followed by chemoradiation therapy. We assessed carmustine wafer implantation efficacy and safety when used in combination with standard care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included were adult patients with (n = 354, implantation group) and without (n = 433, standard group) carmustine wafer implantation during first surgical resection followed by chemoradiation standard protocol. Multivariate and case-matched analyses (controlled propensity-matched cohort, 262 pairs of patients) were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median progression-free survival was 12.0 months (95% CI: 10.7-12.6) in the implantation group and 10.0 months (9.0-10.0) in the standard group and the median overall survival was 20.4 months (19.0-22.7) and 18.0 months (17.0-19.0), respectively. Carmustine wafer implantation was independently associated with longer progression-free survival in patients with subtotal/total surgical resection in the whole series (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI: 0.63-0.92], P = .005) and after propensity matching (HR, 0.74 [95% CI: 0.60-0.92], P = .008), whereas no significant difference was found for overall survival (HR, 0.95 [0.80-1.13], P = .574; HR, 1.06 [0.87-1.29], P = .561, respectively). Surgical resection at progression whether alone or combined with carmustine wafer implantation was independently associated with longer overall survival in the whole series (HR, 0.58 [0.44-0.76], P < .0001; HR, 0.54 [0.41-0.70], P < .0001, respectively) and after propensity matching (HR, 0.56 [95% CI: 0.40-0.78], P < .0001; HR, 0.46 [95% CI: 0.33-0.64], P < .0001, respectively). The higher postoperative infection rate in the implantation group did not affect survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carmustine wafer implantation during surgical resection followed by the standard chemoradiation protocol for newly diagnosed glioblastoma in adults resulted in a significant progression-free survival benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pallud
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Audureau
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corns
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Emmanuèle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lechapt-Zalcman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duntze
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pavlov
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guyotat
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Phong Dam
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Pierre-Jean
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Le Reste
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Faillot
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Claude-Fabien
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Litre
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desse
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voirin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peltier
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caire
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Jean-Rodolphe
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vignes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Barat
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Langlois
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Edouard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dezamis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parraga
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanello
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Edmond
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nader
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lefranc
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bauchet
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devaux
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menei
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Paris Descartes University, Paris, France (J.P., V.P., E.D., E.P., M.Z., B.D.); Department of Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J.P.); Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes (REG), France (J.P., L.B.); Public Health Department, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France (E.A.); Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France (E.A.); Radiotherapy Department, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Radiobiology Laboratory, Federation of Translationnal Medicine de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France (G.N.); Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (R.C.); Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); University of Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CEA, UMR 6232 CERVOxy Group, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (J.D., C.-F.L.); Service of Neurosurgery D, Lyon Civil Hospitals, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Lyon, France (J.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Brest, Brest, France (P.D.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (P.-J.L.R.); Department of Neurosurgery, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France (T.F.); Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France (N.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France (A.P.); Departement of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, University of Lower Normandy, Caen, France (E.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Pasteur Hospital, Colmar, France (J.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haut
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Metellus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D002330:Carmustine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D002330:Carmustine
keywords: carmustine wafers; chemoradiotherapy; glioblastoma; surgery; survival