title: Association between Vitamin D and Circulating Lipids in Early Childhood.
abstract: Vitamin D is associated with established cardiovascular risk factors such as low density lipoprotein (LDL) in adults. It is unknown whether these associations are present in early childhood. To determine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is associated with serum non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol during early childhood we conducted a cross-sectional study of children aged 1 to 5 years. Healthy children were recruited through the TARGet Kids! practice based research network from 2008-2011 (n=1,961). The associations between 25(OH)D and non-fasting non-HDL cholesterol (the primary endpoint), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, were evaluated using multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, skin pigmentation, milk intake, vitamin D supplementation, season, body mass index, outdoor play, and screen time. Each 10 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a decrease in non-HDL cholesterol concentration of -0.89 mg/dl (95% CI: -1.16,-0.50), total cholesterol of -1.08 mg/dl (95%CI: -1.49,-0.70), and triglycerides of -2.34 mg/dl (95%CI: -3.23,-1.45). The associations between 25(OH)D and LDL and HDL were not statistically significant. 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with circulating lipids in early childhood, suggesting that vitamin D exposure in early life may be an early modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Birken
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lebovic
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Laura N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cardiology Division, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: McCrindle
authors.affiliation: The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamdani
authors.affiliation: The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sharmilaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kandasamy
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khovratovich
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Parkin
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jonathon L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Maguire
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D014807:Vitamin D; D002784:Cholesterol; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D