title: Methotrexate influx via folate transporters into alveolar epithelial cell line A549.
abstract: Methotrexate (MTX), a drug used for the treatment of certain cancers as well as rheumatoid arthritis, sometimes induces serious interstitial lung injury. Although lung toxicity of MTX is related to its accumulation, the information concerning MTX transport in the lungs is lacking. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying MTX influx into human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. MTX influx into A549 cells was time-, pH-, and temperature-dependent and showed saturation kinetics. The influx was inhibited by folic acid with IC50 values of 256.1 μM at pH 7.4 and 1.6 μM at pH 5.5, indicating that the mechanisms underlying MTX influx would be different at these pHs. We then examined the role of two folate transporters in MTX influx, reduced folate carrier (RFC) and proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT). The expression of RFC and PCFT mRNAs in A549 cells was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, MTX influx was inhibited by thiamine monophosphate, an RFC inhibitor, at pH 7.4, and by sulfasalazine, a PCFT inhibitor, at pH 5.5. These results indicated that RFC and PCFT are predominantly involved in MTX influx into A549 cells at pH 7.4 and pH 5.5, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawami
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Mioka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan. Electronic address: takanom@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mikihisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takano
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D058972:Folic Acid Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000378:metabolism*; D058979:Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D058972:Folic Acid Transporters; D058979:Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter; C505058:SLC46A1 protein, human; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D005492:Folic Acid; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: Alveolar epithelial cells; Folic acid; Methotrexate; Proton-coupled folate transporter; Reduced folate carrier