title: Quantifying phenotypic flexibility as the response to a high-fat challenge test in different states of metabolic health.
abstract: Metabolism maintains homeostasis at chronic hypercaloric conditions, activating postprandial response mechanisms, which come at the cost of adaptation processes such as energy storage, eventually with negative health consequences. This study quantified the metabolic adaptation capacity by studying challenge response curves. After a high-fat challenge, the 8 h response curves of 61 biomarkers related to adipose tissue mass and function, systemic stress, metabolic flexibility, vascular health, and glucose metabolism was compared between 3 metabolic health stages: 10 healthy men, before and after 4 wk of high-fat, high-calorie diet (1300 kcal/d extra), and 9 men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The MetS subjects had increased fasting concentrations of biomarkers representing the 3 core processes, glucose, TG, and inflammation control, and the challenge response curves of most biomarkers were altered. After the 4 wk hypercaloric dietary intervention, these 3 processes were not changed, as compared with the preintervention state in the healthy subjects, whereas the challenge response curves of almost all endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory processes regulating these core processes were altered, demonstrating major molecular physiologic efforts to maintain homeostasis. This study thus demonstrates that change in challenge response is a more sensitive biomarker of metabolic resilience than are changes in fasting concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Systems and Biology Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alwine F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kardinaal
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Systems and Biology Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marjan J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Erk
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Systems and Biology Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alice E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dutman
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Systems and Biology Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johanna H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stroeve
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Systems and Biology Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Evita
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van de Steeg
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Systems and Biology Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bijlsma
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Systems and Biology Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Teake
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kooistra
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Systems and Biology Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Ommen
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Systems and Biology Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands suzan.wopereis@tno.nl.
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wopereis
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: clinical study; eicosanoids; human physiology; nutrition; systems biology