title: Evaluation of dementia by acrolein, amyloid-β and creatinine.
abstract: Plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were examined for biochemical markers of dementia. Protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro) and the amyloid-β (Aβ)40/42 ratio in plasma can be used to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In plasma, PC-Acro and the Aβ40/42 ratio in MCI and AD were significantly higher relative to non-demented subjects. Furthermore, urine acrolein metabolite, 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA)/creatinine (Cre) and amino acid-conjugated acrolein (AC-Acro)/Cre in AD were significantly lower than MCI. It was also shown that reduced urine 3-HPMA/Cre correlated with increased plasma Aβ40/42 ratio in dementia. The Aβ40/PC-Acro ratio in CSF, together with Aβ40 and Aβ40/42 ratio, was lower in AD than MCI. Increased plasma PC-Acro and Aβ40/42 ratio and decreased urine 3-HPMA/Cre correlated with cognitive ability (MMSE). These results indicate that the measurements of acrolein derivatives together with Aβ and Cre in biologic fluids is useful to estimate severity of dementia.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address: iga16077@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Madoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Higashi-Matsudo Municipal Hospital, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waragai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D003704:Dementia / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C538897:amyloid beta-protein (40-42); D000171:Acrolein; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: 3-Hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid-β; Creatinine; Mild cognitive impairment; Protein (or amino acid)-conjugated acrolein