title: Effects of hyperprolactinemia on the tibial epiphyseal plate of mice treated with sex hormones.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia on the tibial epiphyseal plate of hormone-treated oophorectomized mice. For this purpose, 18 animals with intact ovaries were allocated to two groups, M (metoclopramide) and V (vehicle). One hundred and eight oophorectomized animals were allocated to 12 subgroups: Oophx/V (vehicle); Ooph/M (metoclopramide); Oophx/V + E (vehicle + estradiol); Oophx/M + E (metoclopramide + estradiol); Oophx/V + P (vehicle + progesterone); Oophx/M + P (metoclopramide + progesterone); Oophx/V + T (vehicle + testosterone); Oophx/M + T (metoclopramide + testosterone); Oophx/V + E + P (Vehicle + estradiol + progesterone); Oophx/M + E + P (metoclopramide + estradiol + progesterone); Oophx/V + E + P + T (vehicle + estradiol + progesterone + testosterone); Oophx/M + E + P + T (metoclopramide + estradiol + progesterone + testosterone). After a 50-day treatment was performed histomorphometric and immunohistochemical cell death analysis. In the epiphyseal plate of the hyperprolactinemic and/or oophorectomized animals, cell proliferation and bone formation decreased, inducing intensified cell death. In the sex steroid-treated animals, estrogen boosted cell proliferation; progesterone, bone formation and testosterone, both cell proliferation and bone formation. These findings suggest that oophorectomy and hyperprolactinemia changed epiphyseal plate morphology causing cartilage degeneration. Treatment with combined sex steroids may diminish such deleterious effects.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Morfologia e Genética , Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo (SP) , Brazil .
authors.forename: Roberta B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Morfologia e Genética , Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo (SP) , Brazil .
authors.forename: Regina Celia T
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP , São Paulo (SP) , Brazil .|c Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa (PI) , Italy , and.|d Instituto de Ciencias da Saude da Universidade Paulista, UNIP , Sao Paulo (SP) , Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP , São Paulo (SP) , Brazil .
authors.forename: Priscilla L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: c Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa (PI) , Italy , and.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simoncini
authors.affiliation: d Instituto de Ciencias da Saude da Universidade Paulista, UNIP , Sao Paulo (SP) , Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio Cesar
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Prosdocimi
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP , São Paulo (SP) , Brazil .
authors.forename: Ricardo S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Simoes
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Morfologia e Genética , Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo (SP) , Brazil .
authors.forename: Manuel Jesus S
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP , São Paulo (SP) , Brazil .
authors.forename: Edmund C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Baracat
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP , São Paulo (SP) , Brazil .
authors.forename: José Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D008787:Metoclopramide
keywords: Estrogens; hormone replacement therapy; osteoporosis