title: B-Vitamin Levels in Human Milk among Different Lactation Stages and Areas in China.
abstract: To determine the contents of B-vitamins in human milk in China, we analyzed 1778 human milk samples from the sample bank of the National High Technique R & D Program (863 Projects) which was a cross-sectional survey and covered 6419 human milk samples from healthy lactating mothers who were at different stages of lactation (0-330 days postpartum) in 11 provinces of China. The contents of free forms of six B-vitamins in these human milk samples were analyzed by using UPLC-MS/MS. The median concentrations of free form of 6 B-vitamins in colostrums, transitional milk, 15-180 d mature milk and 181-330 d mature milk were respectively as follows: thiamin 5.0 µg/L, 6.7 µg/L, 21.1 µg/L and 40.7 µg/L; riboflavin 29.3 µg/L, 40.6 µg/L, 33.6 µg/L and 29.6 µg/L; niacin 470.7 µg/L, 661.3 µg/L, 687.0 µg/L and 571.3 µg/L; vitamin B-6 4.6 µg/L, 16.1 µg/L, 62.7 µg/L and 80.7 µg/L; flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 808.7 µg/L, 1162.8 µg/L, 1023.9 µg/L and 1057.2 µg/L; pantothenic acid 1770.9 µg/L, 2626.8 µg/L, 2213.0 µg/L and 1895.5 µg/L. The contents of 6 B-vitamins varied significantly among the different lactation stages and different areas (coastal area vs inland area, rural area vs urban area). The present study indicated that the concentrations of B-vitamins in colostrum were generally much lower than those in transitional milk and mature milk. Further studies are warranted for their roles and significance on B-vitamins in colostrum in nutrition and metabolism of neonates.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Xiangnan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, 16 Hepingli Zhongjie, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Shi-An
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000032:analysis; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009525:Niacin / Q000032:analysis; D010205:Pantothenic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D049590:Postpartum Period; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000032:analysis; D012424:Rural Population; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013831:Thiamine / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000032:analysis; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D010205:Pantothenic Acid; D009525:Niacin; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D012256:Riboflavin; D013831:Thiamine