title: The therapeutic effects of sodium cromoglycate against influenza A virus H5N1 in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the protective role of sodium cromoglycate in mice during influenza virus infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  H5N1 virus-infected mice were treated with the mast cell stabilizer sodium cromoglycate (SCG) to investigate its therapeutic effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  The nose, trachea and lungs from mice were collected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Virus replication and host responses were determined by plaque assay, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCG-treated mice survived better than did PBS-treated mice after H5N1 virus infection. Mild pathological changes with fewer inflammatory cell infiltration and fewer virus antigens were observed in the nose, trachea, and lungs of SCG-treated mice on days 3 and 5 post-infection. However, no significant changes in viral load in the lungs were detected between SCG- and PBS-treated mice. Furthermore, significantly decreased expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, Toll-like receptor 3, and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-b was detected in the lungs of SCG-treated mice, and no higher expression of interferon-c was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that SCG has therapeutic roles in H5N1 virus-infected mice by alleviating the inflammatory response rather than inhibition of viral replication in the lungs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Deping
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tangting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Siyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.|Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Mingyong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002460:Cell Line; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium
keywords: influenza A virus; sodium cromoglycate; therapeutic effects