title: Inhibitory effect of totarol on exotoxin proteins hemolysin and enterotoxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a wide variety of infections, which are of major concern worldwide. S. aureus produces multiple virulence factors, resulting in food infection and poisoning. These virulence factors include hyaluronidases, proteases, coagulases, lipases, deoxyribonucleases and enterotoxins. Among the extracellular proteins produced by S. aureus that contribute to pathogenicity, the exotoxins α-hemolysin, staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) are thought to be of major significance. Totarol, a plant extract, has been revealed to inhibit the proliferation of several pathogens effectively. However, there are no reports on the effects of totarol on the production of α-hemolysin, SEA or SEB secreted by S. aureus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of totarol on these three exotoxins. Hemolysis assay, western blotting and real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay were performed to identify the influence of graded subinhibitory concentrations of totarol on the production of α-hemolysin and the two major enterotoxins, SEA and SEB, by S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed that the TNF-α production of RAW264.7 cells stimulated by S. aureus supernatants was inhibited by subinhibitory concentrations of totarol. Form the data, we propose that totarol could potentially be used as a promising natural compound in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xingchen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rizeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zonghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China. abas1980@163.com.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006461:Hemolysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004224:Diterpenes; D004768:Enterotoxins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005098:Exotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C021091:staphylococcal alpha-toxin; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; C078548:totarol
keywords: Infection; Staphylococcal enterotoxins; Staphylococcus aureus; Totarol; Virulence factors