title: Computed Tomography Number Measurement Consistency Under Different Beam Hardening Conditions: Comparison Between Dual-Energy Spectral Computed Tomography and Conventional Computed Tomography Imaging in Phantom Experiment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare computed tomography (CT) number measurement consistency under different beam hardening conditions in phantom experiment between dual-energy spectral CT and conventional CT imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phantom with 8 cells in periphery region and 1 cell in central region were used. The 8 conditioning tubes in the periphery region were filled with 1 of the 3 iodine solutions to simulate different beam hardening conditions: 0 for no beam hardening (NBH), 20 mg/mL for weak beam hardening (WBH) and 50 mg/mL for severe beam hardening (SBH) condition. Test tube filled with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/mL iodine solution was placed in the central cell alternately. The phantom was scanned with conventional CT mode with 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp and dual energy spectral CT mode. For spectral CT, 11 monochromatic image sets from 40 to 140 keV with interval of 10 keV were reconstructed. The CT number shift caused by beam hardening was evaluated by measuring the CT number difference (ΔCT) with and without beam hardening, with the following formulas: ΔCTWBH = |CTWBH - CTNBH| and ΔCTSBH = |CTSBH - CTNBH|. Data were compared with 1-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under both WBH and SBH conditions, the CT number shifts in all monochromatic image sets were less than those for polychromatic images (all P < 0.001). Under WBH condition, the maximum CT number shift was less than 6 Hounsfield units for monochromatic spectral CT images of all energy levels; under SBH condition, only monochromatic images at 70 keV and 80 keV had CT number shift less than 6 HU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dual energy spectral CT imaging provided more accurate CT number measurement than conventional CT under various beam hardening conditions. The optimal keV level for monochromatic spectral CT images with the most accurate CT number measurement depends on the severities of beam hardening condition.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Renyou
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Zongtao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed