title: Nanodefects of membranes cause destruction of packed red blood cells during long-term storage.
abstract: Packed red blood cells (PRBC) are used for blood transfusion. PRBC were stored for 30 days under 4 °С in hermetic blood bags with CPD anticoagulant-preservative solution. Hematocrit was 50-55%. The distortions of PRBC membranes nanostructure and cells morphology during storage were studied by atomic force microscopy. Basic measurements were performed at the day 2, 6, 9, 16, 23 and 30 of storage and additionally 2-3 days after it. Topological defects occurred on RBC membranes by day 9. They appeared as domains with grain-like structures ("grains") sized up to 200 nm. These domains were appeared in almost all cells. Later these domains merged and formed large defects on cells. It was the formation of domains with the "grains" which was onset process leading eventually to destruction of PRBC. Possible mechanisms of transformation of PRBC and their membrane are related to the alterations of spectrin cytoskeleton. During this storage period potassium ions and lactat concentrations increased, pH decreased, intracellular concentration of reduced glutathione diminished in the preservative solution. Changes of PRBC morphology were detected within the entire period of PRBC storage. Discocytes predominated at the days 1 and 2. By day 30 PRBC transformed into irreversible echinocytes and spheroechinocytes. Study of defects of membranes nanostructure may form the basis of assessing the quality of the stored PRBC. This method may allow to work out the best recommendations for blood transfusion.
authors.affiliation: V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: waterlake@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Еlena
authors.initials: Е
authors.lastname: Kozlova
authors.affiliation: V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Аleksandr
authors.initials: А
authors.lastname: Chernysh
authors.affiliation: V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moroz
authors.affiliation: V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sergunova
authors.affiliation: V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Оlga
authors.initials: О
authors.lastname: Gudkova
authors.affiliation: V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Аrtem
authors.initials: А
authors.lastname: Kuzovlev
mesh_terms: D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D013048:Specimen Handling
keywords: Atomic force microscopy; Defects of nanosurface; Domains with grain-like structures; Membranes; Packed red blood cells; Storage