title: A quantitative approach to the interpretation of uroflowmetry in children.
abstract: We hypothesized that by correcting for volume and creating a flow index (FI) we could develop a reproducible and reliable means to estimate flows in children without the use of a flow nomogram. Our second hypothesis was that this volume corrected FI could define objective parameters for the different flow curves that are described in the ICCS document.
  
  
  
  Uroflowmetry curves of 1,268 healthy children were analyzed. Quadratic equations using nonlinear regression for both sexes were generated for each set of presumed normal voiders (learning data) (NV). The NV test data were used to verify the equations. Linear regression analysis was used to compare the variance between actual and estimated flow rates. A FI (Actual Qavg/Estimated Qavg) was created and ROC analysis for all flow types was performed. Sensitivity and specificity analysis was performed on all voids to validate the accuracy of the FI to predict flow pattern.
  
  
  
  Analysis of the FI from the first void to the second confirmed the accuracy and reproducibility in both males and females using various means of analysis. ROC analysis shows that there are very strong AUC's for Bell, plateau, and tower flow patterns. Sensitivity and specificity analysis reveals that defined FI parameters are able to predict the flow patterns.
  
  
  
  Our predictive formulas allow for direct comparison of one flow to the next in a single patient when the FI is used. Utilizing the FI, we can predict the type of flow pattern removing subjectivity from the analysis of uroflow patterns. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:836-846, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Medical School of The Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shei-Dei Yang
authors.affiliation: Medical School of The Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shang-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Binghamton College of SUNY, Binghamton, New York.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nussenblatt
authors.affiliation: Stonybrook University School of Medicine, Stonybrook, New York.
authors.forename: Jacob A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D049451:Nomograms; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: average flow rate; children; flow index; nomogram; peak flow; uroflowmetry; volume adjusted flow rates