title: Serial passage in ducks of a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated from a chicken reveals a high mutation rate in the hemagglutinin that is likely due to selection in the host.
abstract: A comparative study of the ability of three low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) isolates to be transmitted from duck to duck was performed. Pekin ducks were inoculated with two LPAIV isolates from chickens (A/Ck/PA/13609/93 [H5N2], H5N2-Ck; A/Ck/TX/167280-4/02 [H5N3], H5N3-Ck) and one isolate from a wild bird (A/Mute Swan/ MI/451072/06 [H5N1], H5N1-WB). During the establishment of the passage model, only two viruses (H5N1, H5N2) were able to be transmitted from duck to duck. Transmission of these isolates was dependent on the inoculation dose and route of infection. Analysis of swab samples taken from ducks revealed that the wild-bird isolate, H5N1-WB, was primarily shed via the cloacal route. The chicken isolate, H5N2-Ck, was isolated from cloacal as well as oro-pharyngeal swabs. Analysis of the amino acid sequences of the viral surface glycoproteins showed that the hemagglutinin (HA) of the H5N2-Ck isolate was under a stronger evolutionary pressure than the HA of the H5N1-WB isolate, as indicated by the presence of a larger number of amino acid changes observed during passage. The neuraminidase (NA) of both viruses showed either no (in the case of H5N1-WB) or very few amino acid changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30603, GA, USA.|Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, 30603, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Callie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ridenour
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30603, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, 30603, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Les
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, 30603, GA, USA.
authors.forename: S Mark
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tompkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, 30603, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Ralph A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Tripp
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30603, GA, USA. mundtegbert@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mundt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002645:Chickens; D004372:Ducks; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D053125:Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D059645:Mutation Rate; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D012692:Serial Passage; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus