title: Effect of sweeteners on the survival and behaviour of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) causes serious damage that affects fruit production. Chemical insecticides have been widely used for the prevention and control of this destructive pest. However, the resistance of B. dorsalis to these compounds has become a serious problem. This study tested six sweeteners for their toxicity to B. dorsalis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  B. dorsalis fed on erythritol, aspartame and saccharin exhibited significantly higher mortality than those fed on sucrose. Flies fed on erythritol died faster than did the control flies (water). However, no dose-dependent effects were observed at the concentrations tested. These three sweeteners decreased the climbing ability of B. dorsalis. Notably, adults fed on saccharin exhibited significantly decreased climbing ability after 12 h compared with those fed on sucrose. Additionally, these three sweeteners had a negative effect on the frequency and duration of the flies' behaviour patterns (flying, walking, grooming and inactivity). Saccharin not only induced a marked reduction in the frequency of flights and walks but also induced decreases in the time spent flying and walking and increases in inactivity compared with sucrose. Erythritol induced a reduction in movement and increased the time spent inactive compared with the control and other treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three sweeteners had significant negative effects on the survival of B. dorsalis. Erythritol was toxic to B. dorsalis. Aspartame and saccharin also decreased the survival and behaviour of adult flies and may be toxic to (or contribute to poor nutrition in) B. dorsalis. These sweeteners could therefore be developed as additive ingredients in baits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yijuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005426:Flight, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D006120:Grooming / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D013549:Sweetening Agents
keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis; behaviour; behaviour pattern; climbing; sweeteners