title: Impaired adipogenesis in adipose tissue associated with hepatic lipid deposition induced by chronic inflammation in mice with chew diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic inflammation might be associated with hepatic lipid deposition independent of overnutrition. However, the mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we investigate if impaired adipogenesis in adipose tissue is associated with hepatic lipid deposition induced by chronic inflammation in mice with chew diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Casein injection in C57BL/6J mice was given every other day to induce chronic inflammation. All mice were sacrificed after 18weeks of injections. The serum, liver and adipose tissue were collected for analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to examine the gene and protein expressions of molecules involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and adipose adipogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Casein injection elevated serum levels of insulin, free fatty acid (FFA) and proinflammatory factors. The gene expression of proinflammatory factors of adipose tissue and the liver also increased in the casein group as compared with the control group. Chronic inflammation up-regulated the hepatic expression of fatty acid translocase (CD36) and down-regulated microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein (MTP), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) and acyl-coenzyme a oxidase 1 (ACOX1). Meanwhile, chronic inflammation not only diminished the size of adipocytes, but also down-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteinα (C/EBPα), both indicating an impaired adipogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides disturbed lipid metabolism in the liver per se, impaired adipogenesis in the adipose tissue might also be associated with hepatic lipid deposition induced by chronic inflammation in mice with chew diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Shumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Qianna
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Rufei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Jinbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Qibo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. Electronic address: liqifu@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Qifu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002364:Caseins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004032:Diet; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D018955:CD36 Antigens; C530718:CEBPA protein, mouse; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002364:Caseins; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014280:Triglycerides; C106092:microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
keywords: Adipogenesis; Chronic inflammation; Hepatic lipid deposition; Lipid metabolism