title: Clinical Features Associated with Frozen Shoulder Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: Background. Frozen shoulder syndrome is a common musculoskeletal disease of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) that causes long-term pain and physical disability. A better understanding of the associated factors can help identify PD patients who will require prevention to improve their quality of life. Methodology. This prospective study evaluated 60 shoulders of 30 PD patients. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between clinical factors and shoulder sonography findings. Results. Frozen shoulder syndrome was found in 14 of 30 PD patients affecting 19 shoulders, including bilateral involvement in five and unilateral involvement in nine. There was a significant positive correlation between the parameters of sonography findings and frozen shoulder syndrome (i.e., thickness of bicipital effusion and tendon thickness of the subscapularis and supraspinatus) and mean ipsilateral Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III and its subscores (tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia scores). Conclusions. Higher ipsilateral UPDRS and subscores are associated with increased effusion around the biceps tendon, with increased tendon thickness of subscapularis and supraspinatus. Preventing frozen shoulder syndrome in the high-risk PD group is an important safety issue and highly relevant for their quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Neng
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nai-Wen
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuei-Yueh
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Jih
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Che
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ben-Chung
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan ; Department of Neurology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu