title: Vaginal bleeding in a patient with type C liver cirrhosis without a past history of laparotomy: successful treatment with partial splenic artery embolization.
abstract: A 47-year-old female patient with type C liver cirrhosis underwent endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices 13 years ago. The patient had no past history of hysterectomy or any other gynecological disorders. She was admitted to our hospital because of persistent vaginal bleeding and exacerbation of anemia. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed marked dilation of not only the inferior mesenteric vein, but also the left ovarian vein, the uterine vein and the internal iliac vein. A celiac arteriography showed that the blood in the splenic vein was flowing almost totally hepatofugally into the dilated inferior mesenteric vein. An ovarian venography demonstrated knob-shaped dilation of the left ovarian vein draining into the left internal iliac vein. A proximally wedged left ovarian venography visualized the right ovarian vein and the right internal iliac vein with contrast medium via a palisade venous plexus from the dilated uterine and ovarian veins. Partial splenic embolization (PSE) was performed to increase platelet count and to reduce splenic venous blood flow into the ovarian vein. Following the PSE, the platelet count increased, and the blood flow in the dilated ovarian vein and uterine vein diminished. In addition, the portal blood flow became hepatopetal, and remarkably increased. There has as yet been no case report in which vaginal bleeding developed in women with liver cirrhosis without any past history of hysterectomy or other gynecological disorders. The present case report may be warranted in view of the rarity of the condition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Sei-Ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashimizu
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yazaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maruno
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Maiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kijima
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0032, Japan. norihito@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
keywords: Ectopic varices; Partial splenic artery embolization; Portal hypertension; Vaginal bleeding