title: Prognostic significance of the tumour-adjacent tissue in head and neck cancers.
abstract: Even with significant advances in operative skills and adjuvant therapies, the overall survival of patients suffering with head and neck squamous cancers (HNSCC) is unsatisfactory. Accordingly, no clinically useful prognostic biomarkers have been found yet for HNSCC. Many studies analysed the expression of potential markers in tumour tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Nevertheless, due to the sharing of the same microenvironment, adjacent tissues show molecular similarity to tumour tissues. Thus, gene expression patterns of 94 HNSCC tumorous tissues were compared with 31 adjacent tissues and with 10 tonsillectomy specimens of non-cancer individuals. The genes analysed at RNA level using quantitative RT-PCR and correlated with clinico-pathological conditions were as follows: EGF, EGFR, MKI67, BCL2, BAX, FOS, JUN, TP53, VEGF, FLT1, MMP2, MMP9, MT1A and MT2A. The elevated MT2A, BAX, EGF and JUN expression was associated with the influence of tumour cells on the rearrangement of healthy tissues, as well as a significant shift in the BAX/BCL2 ratio. Our investigation also indicated that adjacent tissues play an important role in cancerogenesis by releasing several tumour-supporting factors such as EGF. A gradual increase in the metallothionein expression, from the lowest one in tonsillectomy samples to the highest ones in tumour samples, suggests that MT expression might be tissue reaction to the presence of tumour cells. The results of this study confirmed the significance of metallothionein in tumori-genesis and gave evidences for its use as a potential HNSCC biomarker. Furthermore, this study highlighted the importance of histologically normal tumour-adjacent tissue in prediction of HNSCC progress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raudenska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marketa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sztalmachova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gumulec
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fojtu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Polanska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balvan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feith
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Pekarska 53, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Binkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Pekarska 53, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Horakova
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Pekarska 53, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Rom
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kostrica
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kizek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. masarik@med.muni.cz.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic. masarik@med.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masarik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: Biological markers; Gene expression; Head and neck neoplasms; Matrix metalloproteinase 9; Metallothionein; Prognosis; Tumour microenvironment