title: Budesonide ameliorates lung function of the cigarette smoke-exposed rats through reducing matrix metalloproteinase-1 content.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to investigate an effect of inhaled budesonide on cigarette smoke-exposed lungs with a possible mechanism involved in the event.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were exposed to air (control) and cigarette smoke (smoking) in presence and absence of budesonide. Inflammatory cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung function testing, mean liner intercept (MLI) in lung tissue, mean alveolar number (MAN) and a ratio of bronchial wall thickness and external diameter (BWT/D) were determined in the grouped rats, respectively. Contents of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 productions in BALF were examined as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant changes in the above assessments in the smoking rats as compared to those in the control rats (all P<0.01 and 0.05). Budesonide inhalation significantly decreased the numbers of the BALF cells and partly reversed lung function decline in the challenged rats (P<0.01 and 0.05). However, this corticosteroid did not influence pathological changes in fine structures of the tobacco smoke-exposed lungs. Treatment with budesonide resulted in an obvious decrease in the MMP-1 but not MMP-2 and TIMP-2 productions (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhaled budesonide mitigates the ongoing inflammatory process in the smoked lungs and ameliorates declining lung function through reducing MMP-1 content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiration, Xingtai People s Hospital Xingtai 054001, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Affairs, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
authors.forename: Junhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
authors.forename: Yongjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
authors.forename: Wuzhuang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D023421:Models, Animal; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019819:Budesonide; C576840:MMP1 protein, rat; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: Budesonide; cigarette smoke; lung function and matrix metalloproteinase; pulmonary inflammation