title: An Organ System Approach to Explore the Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytoprotective Actions of Resveratrol.
abstract: Resveratrol is a phenolic phytochemical, with a stilbene backbone, derived from edible plants such as grape and peanut. It is a bioactive molecule with physiological effects on multiple organ systems. Its effects range from the neuroprotective to the nephroprotective, including cardiovascular, neuronal, and antineoplastic responses as a part of its broad spectrum of action. In this review, we examine the effects of resveratrol on the following organ systems: the central nervous system, including neurological pathology such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease; the cardiovascular system, including disorders such as atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; the kidneys, including primary and secondary nephropathies and nephrolithiasis; multiple forms of cancer; and metabolic syndromes including diabetes. We emphasize commonalities in extracellular matrix protein alterations and intracellular signal transduction system induction following resveratrol treatment. We summarize the known anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and cytoprotective effects of resveratrol across disparate organ systems. Additionally, we analyze the available literature regarding the pharmacokinetics of resveratrol formulations used in these studies. Finally, we critically examine select clinical trials documenting a lack of effect following resveratrol treatment.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Avenue, Suite 451, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA.
authors.forename: Ashim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Avenue, Suite 451, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA.
authors.forename: Sundeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bath
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Avenue, Suite 451, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA.
authors.forename: Fawzy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Elbarbry
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077185:Resveratrol; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D013267:Stilbenes; C447939:SIRT1 protein, human; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D000077185:Resveratrol