title: Gold nanoparticles promote osteogenic differentiation in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
abstract: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are attractive materials for use in biomedicine due to their physical properties. Increasing evidence suggests that several nanoparticles induce the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes. In this study, we hypothesized that chitosan-conjugated AuNPs promote the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. For the evaluation of osteogenic differentiation, alizarin red staining, an alamarBlue(®) assay, and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed. In order to examine specific signaling pathways, immunofluorescence and a western blotting assay were performed. Our results demonstrate that chitosan-conjugated AuNPs increase the deposition of calcium content and the expression of marker genes related to osteogenic differentiation in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells at nontoxic concentrations. These results indicate that chitosan-conjugated AuNPs promote osteogenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, chitosan-conjugated AuNPs can be used as a reagent for promoting bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Pan Dong
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Anh Thu Ngoc
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: So Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: chitosan-conjugated gold nanoparticle; mineralization; nonphosphorylated beta-catenin