title: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma metastasized to the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery: a case report.
abstract: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHAE) is a malignant vascular tumor derived from endothelial cell often misdiagnosed as Hepatic carcinoma on the basis of radiological features. Till now etiology of this rare curiosity is unknown but it is related with use of oral contraceptives pills (OCP), liver trauma, exposure to vinyl chloride and hepatitis. We herein report on a case which failed to be diagnosed by cytopathology, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patient was a 46 yr old man presented with abdominal distension for a month. Initial liver function test (LFT) was increased whereas renal function test (RFT) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were normal. His abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple hypoechoic nodules and multiple liver calcifications. Subsequently laparoscopic omental biopsy and Ultrasound guided liver biopsy was done showing the neoplastic cells scattered in fibrous stroma. The immunohistochemistry for endothelial tumor cells stained positive for Vimentin (+++), CD10 (+++), CD34 (++), CD31 (+), Factor VIII antigen (focal) (+) and low proliferative activity for ki-67. Our case is very interesting in which patient admitted with nonspecific symptoms of abdominal pain and diagnosed to be a Malignant Hepatic EHAE metastasized to the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery. The patient was on thalidomide 50 mg/day and increased to 100 mg/day. 5-Flurouracil (FU) intraperitoneal chemotherapy and other symptomatic and supportive treatment was given to the patient. Our case highlights on the importance of immunohistopathological diagnosis, compare the radiological findings of this disease and discuss the treatment strategy with review of available literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha Hunan, P.R China.
authors.forename: Sanita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gurung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha Hunan, P.R China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha Hunan, P.R China.
authors.forename: Wei Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha Hunan, P.R China.
authors.forename: Yong Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018323:Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009852:Omentum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D013792:Thalidomide; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma; hepatic; histopathology; immunohistochemistry; metastasis; peritoneum