title: Soluble Dextrin Fibers Alter the Intestinal Microbiota and Reduce Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Male IL-10-Deficient Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prebiotic fibers stimulate the growth and activity of the gut microbiota. Interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice develop a colitis that is influenced by the gut microbial composition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotic fibers on the intestinal microbiota and immune function in IL-10(-/-) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  At 4 wk of age, male IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned to 5 diets: unpurified diet with cellulose (4%; control), corn-derived hydroxypropylated new resistant starch (NRS) (2% NRS + 2% cellulose), soluble fiber dextrin from tapioca (SFD-t) (4%), soluble fiber dextrin from corn (SFD-c) (4%), or soluble corn fiber (4%) for 12 wk. Growth, small intestinal permeability, histologic injury, intestinal cytokine secretion, and microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing of stool were measured. ANOVA and principal component analysis were applied to assess the fibers' effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in mouse growth, intestinal weight, length, or gut permeability over the 12 wk feeding period. Mice fed dextrin-based diets secreted 47-88% less colonic IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-23 (SFD-t diet) and IL-12 heterodimer p70, IL-6, and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) (SFD-c diet) (P < 0.05) than did the control group, whereas NRS-fed mice secreted 55-77% less IL-6 and CXCL1 (P < 0.05). Both SFD-t- and SFD-c-fed mice had a 70-75% lower abundance of Lactobacillaceae than control mice. The SFD-t diet group had a lower enterocyte injury score (P < 0.04) than did control mice, and this was associated with increased abundance of butyrate producers, including Incertae sedis XIV, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that soluble prebiotic fibers selectively stimulate the growth of a distinctive gut microbiota in IL-10(-/-) mice. SFD-t induced the growth of butyrate-producing microbes and was effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and enterocyte injury in this mouse model of colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and.
authors.forename: Rosica
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valcheva
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hotte
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gillevet
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sikaroodi
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Aducio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thiessen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and karen.madsen@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-0714
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Madsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000068016:Eubacteriales / Q000187:drug effects; D003092:Colitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D003912:Dextrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D007777:Lactobacillaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D056692:Prebiotics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; C475895:Cxcl1 protein, mouse; D003912:Dextrins; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053759:Interleukin-23; D015850:Interleukin-6; D056692:Prebiotics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: IL10−/− mice; colitis; cytokines; fiber; intestinal microbiota