title: Macrophage Activation Mechanisms in Human Monocytic Cell Line-derived Macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the mechanisms of macrophage activation are important for cancer immunotherapy, they are poorly understood. Recently, easy and robust assay systems for assessing the macrophage-activating factor (MAF) using monocytic cell line-derived macrophages were established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene-expression profiles of U937- and THP-1-derived macrophages were compared using gene expression microarray analysis and their responses against several MAFs were examined by in vitro experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Activated states of these macrophages could not be assigned to a specific sub-type but showed, however, different unique characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unique of monocytic cell line-derived macrophages could provide clues to understand the activation mechanism of macrophages and, therefore, help to develop effective cancer immunotherapy with MAFs.
authors.affiliation: Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumiya
authors.affiliation: Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuchiike
authors.affiliation: Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.affiliation: Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan nisikata@konan-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikata
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Immunotherapy; THP-1 cell line; U937 cell line; macrophage-activating factor; phagocytic activity