title: Homelessness-Related Traumatic Events and PTSD Among Women Experiencing Episodes of Homelessness in Three U.S. Cities.
abstract: In this article, we report the prevalence of traumatic events (TEs), lifetime and 12-month posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 148 women experiencing homelessness in 3 midsized cities in the United States (Omaha, NE, Pittsburgh, PA, and Portland, OR). The women ranged in age from 19 to 54 years with an average age of 38.89 years (SD = 10.18). The sample was 42.6% White/European American. We investigated the mediation of distal TEs (i.e., childhood maltreatment) by more proximal TEs associated with being homeless (i.e., homelessness-related stressors) for meeting diagnostic criteria for 12-month PTSD. Results indicated that 42.6% of the women met criteria for lifetime PTSD and 39.7% met criteria for past-year PTSD. The number of TEs reported ranged from 0 to 16 in order of prevalence with a median of 6 TEs. The correlations between childhood maltreatment and 12-month PTSD ranged from .16 to .20 and the correlations between homelessness-related stressors and 12-month PTSD ranged from .21 to .30. The mediation analysis was consistent with the association between childhood maltreatment and past-year PTSD being fully mediated by homelessness-related trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Les B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Whitbeck
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Sociological Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Armenta
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Doane College, Crete, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Kari C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gentzler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D002947:Cities / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D009329:Nebraska / Q000453:epidemiology; D009922:Oregon / Q000453:epidemiology; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult