title: Cystatin C and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality risk in the general population: A meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated cystatin C level was associated with excessive risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in the highly cardiovascular risk populations. We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between serum cystatin C level and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality risk in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched for all relevant studies published through May 2015 using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Prospective studies that assessed the relationship between serum cystatin C level and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality risk in the general population were selected. Pooled adjust hazard risk (HR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for continuous and category of cystatin C level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine studies composed of 38,854 participants were analyzed. Elevated serum cystatin C level was associated with excessive risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.72; 95% CI 1.37-2.16) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.74; 95% CI 2.04-3.68) comparing the highest to lowest category of cystatin C. Each standard deviation increment in serum cystatin C level increased 32% all-cause (HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.12-1.55) and 57% cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.31-1.88) risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated serum cystatin C level is independently associated with excessive cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk in elderly persons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (VIP) of The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Peng
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Heart and Renal of The Sixth People's Hospital in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (VIP) of The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.
authors.forename: Li-Man
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (VIP) of The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China. Electronic address: muyatihuxj@163.com.
authors.forename: Hu-Yati
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China. Electronic address: wangkunxj01@sina.com.
authors.lastname: Kun-Wang
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C
keywords: All-cause mortality; Cardiovascular mortality; Cystatin C; Meta-analysis