title: Does spirituality facilitate adjustment and resilience among individuals and families after SCI?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the role of spirituality in facilitating adjustment and resilience after spinal cord injury (SCI) for the individual with SCI and their family members. METHOD-DATA SOURCES: Peer reviewed journals were identified using PsychInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and Sociological Abstracts search engines.
  
  
  METHODS
  After duplicates were removed, 434 abstracts were screened applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The selected 28 studies were reviewed in detail and grouped according to methodological approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 28 studies relating to spirituality and related meaning-making constructs, 26 addressed the adjustment of the individual with SCI alone. Only two included family members as participants. Quantitative studies demonstrated that spirituality was positively associated with life satisfaction, quality of life, mental health and resilience. The utilisation of meaning-making and hope as coping strategies in the process of adjustment were highlighted within the qualitative studies. Clinical implications included recommendations that spirituality and meaning-making be incorporated in assessment and interventions during rehabilitation. The use of narratives and peer support was also suggested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spirituality is an important factor in adjustment after SCI. Further research into the relationship between spirituality, family adjustment and resilience is needed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of spirituality were associated with improved quality of life, life satisfaction, mental health, and resilience for individuals affected by spinal cord injury. Health professionals can enhance the role that spirituality plays in spinal rehabilitation by incorporating the spiritual beliefs of individuals and their family members into assessment and intervention. By drawing upon meaning-making tools, such as narrative therapy, incorporating peer support, and assisting clients who report a decline in spirituality, health professionals can provide additional support to individuals and their family members as they adjust to changes after spinal cord injury.
authors.affiliation: a Spinal Injuries Unit, Royal Rehab , Ryde, New South Wales , Australia .
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: b Brain Injury Rehabilitation Research Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research , Liverpool, New South Wales , Australia .
authors.forename: Grahame Kenneth
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: c School of Human Services and Social Work , and.
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.affiliation: d School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University , Southport , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dorsett
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D036301:Qualitative Research; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D029181:Spirituality
keywords: Family; resilience; spinal cord injury; spirituality