title: Genetic Consequences of Antiviral Therapy on HIV-1.
abstract: A variety of enzyme inhibitors have been developed in combating HIV-1, however the fast evolutionary rate of this virus commonly leads to the emergence of resistance mutations that finally allows the mutant virus to survive. This review explores the main genetic consequences of HIV-1 molecular evolution during antiviral therapies, including the viral genetic diversity and molecular adaptation. The role of recombination in the generation of drug resistance is also analyzed. Besides the investigation and discussion of published works, an evolutionary analysis of protease-coding genes collected from patients before and after treatment with different protease inhibitors was included to validate previous studies. Finally, the review discusses the importance of considering genetic consequences of antiviral therapies in models of HIV-1 evolution that could improve current genotypic resistance testing and treatments design.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal ; Centre for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arenas
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D019295:Computational Biology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases