title: Emotional reactivity and parenting sensitivity interact to predict cortisol output in toddlers.
abstract: Cortisol output in response to emotion induction procedures was examined at child age 24 months in a prospective longitudinal sample of 1,292 children and families in predominantly low-income and nonurban communities in two regions of high poverty in the United States. Multilevel analysis indicated that observed emotional reactivity to a mask presentation but not a toy removal procedure interacted with sensitive parenting to predict cortisol levels in children. For children experiencing high levels of sensitive parenting, cortisol output was high among children exhibiting high emotional reactivity and low among children exhibiting low emotional reactivity. For children experiencing low levels of sensitive parenting, cortisol output was unrelated to emotional reactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, New York University.
authors.forename: Clancy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, New York University.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ursache
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mills-Koonce
authors.affiliation: Department of HDFS, Pennsylvania State University.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stifter
authors.affiliation: Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Voegtline
authors.affiliation: Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Granger
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D011203:Poverty; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D013315:Stress, Psychological
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone