title: Consensus statement for diagnosis  of subcortical small vessel disease.
abstract: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the diagnostic term used to describe a heterogeneous group of sporadic and hereditary diseases of the large and small blood vessels. Subcortical small vessel disease (SVD) leads to lacunar infarcts and progressive damage to the white matter. Patients with progressive damage to the white matter, referred to as Binswanger's disease (BD), constitute a spectrum from pure vascular disease to a mixture with neurodegenerative changes. Binswanger's disease patients are a relatively homogeneous subgroup with hypoxic hypoperfusion, lacunar infarcts, and inflammation that act synergistically to disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and break down myelin. Identification of this subgroup can be facilitated by multimodal disease markers obtained from clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, neuropsychological, and imaging studies. This consensus statement identifies a potential set of biomarkers based on underlying pathologic changes that could facilitate diagnosis and aid patient selection for future collaborative treatment trials.
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wardlaw
authors.forename: Hugh S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montaner
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wolfson
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iadecola
authors.forename: Berislav V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Zlokovic
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joutel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dichgans
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duering
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Amos D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Korczyn
authors.forename: Lea T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Grinberg
authors.forename: Helena C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hachinski
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000473:pathology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D049292:Leukoaraiosis / Q000473:pathology; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*