title: Spatially resolved analysis of plutonium isotopic signatures in environmental particle samples by laser ablation-MC-ICP-MS.
abstract: Laser ablation-multi-collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) was optimized and investigated with respect to its performance for determining spatially resolved Pu isotopic signatures within radioactive fuel particle clusters. Fuel particles had been emitted from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) where the 1986 accident occurred and were deposited in the surrounding soil, where weathering processes caused their transformation into radioactive clusters, so-called micro-samples. The size of the investigated micro-samples, which showed surface alpha activities below 40 mBq, ranged from about 200 to 1000 μm. Direct single static point ablations allowed to identify variations of Pu isotopic signatures not only between distinct fuel particle clusters but also within individual clusters. The resolution was limited to 100 to 120 μm as a result of the applied laser ablation spot sizes and the resolving power of the nuclear track radiography methodology that was applied for particle pre-selection. The determined (242)Pu/(239)Pu and (240)Pu/(239)Pu isotope ratios showed a variation from low to high Pu isotope ratios, ranging from 0.007(2) to 0.047(8) for (242)Pu/(239)Pu and from 0.183(13) to 0.577(40) for (240)Pu/(239)Pu. In contrast to other studies, the applied methodology allowed for the first time to display the Pu isotopic distribution in the Chernobyl fallout, which reflects the differences in the spent fuel composition over the reactor core. The measured Pu isotopic signatures are in good agreement with the expected Pu isotopic composition distribution that is typical for a RBMK-1000 reactor, indicating that the analyzed samples are originating from the ill-fated Chernobyl reactor. The average Pu isotope ratios [(240)Pu/(239)Pu = 0.388(86), (242)Pu/(239)Pu = 0.028(11)] that were calculated from all investigated samples (n = 48) correspond well to previously published results of Pu analyses in contaminated samples from the vicinity of the Chernobyl NPP [e.g. (240)Pu/(239)Pu = 0.394(2) and (242)Pu/(239)Pu = 0.027(1); Nunnemann et al. (J Alloys Compd 271-273:45-48, 1998)].
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group Analytical Ecogeochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria. s.konegger-kappel@iaea.org.|Office of Safeguards Analytical Services, Department of Safeguards, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria. s.konegger-kappel@iaea.org.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konegger-Kappel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group Analytical Ecogeochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prohaska
keywords: (MC)-ICP-MS; Chernobyl nuclear power plant; Environmental contamination; Laser ablation; Plutonium isotope ratios