title: Calcineurin B-Like Protein-Interacting Protein Kinase CIPK21 Regulates Osmotic and Salt Stress Responses in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The role of calcium-mediated signaling has been extensively studied in plant responses to abiotic stress signals. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) constitute a complex signaling network acting in diverse plant stress responses. Osmotic stress imposed by soil salinity and drought is a major abiotic stress that impedes plant growth and development and involves calcium-signaling processes. In this study, we report the functional analysis of CIPK21, an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CBL-interacting protein kinase, ubiquitously expressed in plant tissues and up-regulated under multiple abiotic stress conditions. The growth of a loss-of-function mutant of CIPK21, cipk21, was hypersensitive to high salt and osmotic stress conditions. The calcium sensors CBL2 and CBL3 were found to physically interact with CIPK21 and target this kinase to the tonoplast. Moreover, preferential localization of CIPK21 to the tonoplast was detected under salt stress condition when coexpressed with CBL2 or CBL3. These findings suggest that CIPK21 mediates responses to salt stress condition in Arabidopsis, at least in part, by regulating ion and water homeostasis across the vacuolar membranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.) gkpandey@south.du.ac.in sluan@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Girdhar K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kanwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Amarjeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steinhorst
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Akhlilesh K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tokas
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Sibaji K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sanyal
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Beom-Gi
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Sung-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Yong-Hwa
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.).
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kudla
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.) gkpandey@south.du.ac.in sluan@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luan
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009995:Osmosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010641:Phenotype; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008353:Mannitol; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C480758:At5g55990 protein, Arabidopsis; C484079:CBL3 protein, Arabidopsis; C036483:T-DNA; C000608153:CIPK21 protein, Arabidopsis