title: Management of lunotriquetral instability: a review of the literature.
abstract: Lunotriquetral ligament injury is a relatively common cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. Injury ranges from partial stable ligament tears to extensive perilunate instability. Clinical decision-making largely depends on the chronicity, instability and cause of the ligament injury. Conservative treatment is generally regarded as first choice of treatment of mild lunotriquetral instability; however, outcome studies on conservative treatment are lacking. Temporary arthroscopic pinning and/or debridement are minimally invasive procedures of preference. In the case of more dissociative injury, surgical interventions may be performed. The literature suggests that soft tissue reconstruction is an effective procedure in this group. Arthrodesis of the lunotriquetral joint is associated with high rates of non-union (up to 57%) and the indications for surgery should therefore be very clear. Methodological issues make it hard to draw firm conclusions from the data. Studies on the effectiveness of conservative management and prospective comparative studies will further improve clinical decision-making in lunotriquetral instability.
  
  
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authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: van de Grift
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands The Hand Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ritt@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: M J P F
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ritt
mesh_terms: D001174:Arthrodesis; D001182:Arthroscopy; D050824:Carpal Joints / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D012667:Lunate Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D051221:Triquetrum Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Lunotriquetral; carpal instability; clinical management; ligament; outcome