title: Injury risk is low among world-class volleyball players: 4-year data from the FIVB Injury Surveillance System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the rate and pattern of injuries in international volleyball competition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the risk and pattern of injuries among world-class players based on data from the The International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) Injury Surveillance System (ISS) (junior and senior, male and female).
  
  
  METHODS
  The FIVB ISS is based on prospective registration of injuries by team medical staff during all major FIVB tournaments (World Championships, World Cup, World Grand Prix, World League, Olympic Games). This paper is based on 4-year data (September 2010 to November 2014) obtained through the FIVB ISS during 32 major FIVB events (23 senior and 9 junior).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of time-loss injuries during match play was 3.8/1000 player hours (95% CI 3.0 to 4.5); this was greater for senior players than for junior players (relative risk: 2.04, 1.29 to 3.21), while there was no difference between males and females (1.04, 0.70 to 1.55). Across all age and sex groups, the ankle was the most commonly injured body part (25.9%), followed by the knee (15.2%), fingers/thumb (10.7%) and lower back (8.9%). Injury incidence was greater for centre players and lower for liberos than for other player functions; injury patterns also differed between player functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volleyball is a very safe sport, even at the highest levels of play. Preventive measures should focus on acute ankle and finger sprains, and overuse injuries in the knee, lower back and shoulder.
authors.affiliation: Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Tone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bere
authors.affiliation: Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, Lausanne, Switzerland Department of General Orthopaedics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Oncology and Traumatology, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kruczynski
authors.affiliation: Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veintimilla
authors.affiliation: Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamu
authors.affiliation: Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bahr
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000453:epidemiology; D054798:Volleyball / Q000293:injuries*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Athlete; Elite performance; Injuries; Prevention; Volleyball