title: NIR fingerprint screening for early control of non-conformity at feed mills.
abstract: The objective of this work was to devise a complete procedure based on chemometrics and the use NIR spectroscopy at the entrance of a feed mill to provide early evidence of non-conformity and unusual ingredients and thus help to achieve cost-savings. The procedure was validated at laboratory level and was adapted for application at the Cargill Animal Nutrition feed mill. The study focused on the characterisation of pure soybean meal with the aim of creating an early control system for detecting and quantifying any unusual ingredient that might be present in the soybean meal, such as melamine, cyanuric acid or whey powder (milk serum). The study results showed that the use of NIR, combined with some simple chemometric tools based on distances and residuals from regression equations, is appropriate for authenticating important feed products (in this case, soybean meal) and detecting the presence of abnormal samples or impurities in both the laboratory and at the feed mill.
authors.affiliation: Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Electronic address: j.fernandez@cra.wallonie.be.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fernández Pierna
authors.affiliation: Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ouissam
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lecler
authors.affiliation: Cargill Animal Nutrition, Parc d'activités de Ferchaud, 35320 Crévin, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hogrel
authors.affiliation: Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dardenne
authors.affiliation: Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baeten
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D011208:Powders; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis; D000067796:Whey / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D014227:Triazines; C004632:cyanuric acid; C011907:melamine
keywords: Chemometrics; Early detection; Impurities; Melamine; NIR; Soybean meal; Whey