title: Nanostructured Layered Cathode for Rechargeable Mg-Ion Batteries.
abstract: Nanostructured bilayered V2O5 was electrochemically deposited within a carbon nanofoam conductive support. As-prepared electrochemically synthesized bilayered V2O5 incorporates structural water and hydroxyl groups, which effectively stabilizes the interlayers and provides coordinative preference to the Mg(2+) cation in reversible cycling. This open-framework electrode shows reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Mg(2+) ions in common electrolytes such as acetonitrile. Using a scanning transmission electron microscope we demonstrate that Mg(2+) ions can be effectively intercalated into the interlayer spacing of nanostructured V2O5, enabling electrochemical magnesiation against a Mg anode with a specific capacity of 240 mAh/g. We employ HRTEM and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging to understand the role of environment in the intercalation processes. A rebuilt full cell was tested by employing a high-energy ball-milled Sn alloy anode in acetonitrile with Mg(ClO4)2 salt. XRF microscopy reveals effective insertion of Mg ions throughout the V2O5 structure during discharge and removal of Mg ions during electrode charging, in agreement with the electrode capacity. We show using XANES and XRF microscopy that reversible Mg intercalation is limited by the anode capacity.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tepavcevic
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Yuzi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Dehua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Jorg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maser
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Král
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Vojislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stamenkovic
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Nenad M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Markovic
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Materials, ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, §X-ray Science Division, and #Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Chemistry Department and ∥Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Tijana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rajh
keywords: HAADF; XRF mapping of transporting ions; bilayered V2O5; electrochemical synthesis; hydrated oxide; magnesium ion battery; nanostructured electrodes