title: Overview of the Knottin scorpion toxin-like peptides in scorpion venoms: Insights on their classification and evolution.
abstract: Scorpion venoms include several compounds with different pharmacological activities. Within these compounds, toxins affecting ion channels are among the most studied. They are all peptides that have been classified based on their 3D structure, chain size and function. Usually, they show a spatial arrangement characterized by the presence of a cysteine-stabilized alpha beta motif; most of them affect Na(+) and K(+) ion-channels. These features have been revised in several occasions before, but a complete phylogenetic analysis of the disulfide containing peptides is not been done. In the present contribution, two databases (Pfam and InterPro) including more than 800 toxins from different scorpions were analyzed. Pfam database included toxins from several organisms other than scorpions such as insects and plants, while InterPro included only scorpion toxins. Our results suggest that Na(+) toxins have evolved independently from those of K(+) toxins no matter the length of the peptidic chains. These preliminary results suggest that current classification needs a more detailed revision, in order to have better characterized toxin families, so the new peptides obtained from transcriptomic analyses would be properly classified.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca Morelos 62210, Mexico. Electronic address: cae@ibt.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Santibáñez-López
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca Morelos 62210, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lourival D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Possani
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D057771:Cystine-Knot Miniproteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D062126:Databases, Chemical; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D057771:Cystine-Knot Miniproteins; D012604:Scorpion Venoms
keywords: Bayesian inference; Evolution; Phylogenetics; Scorpion toxin