title: Performance Comparison of a Pretied Suture Knot With Three Conventional Arthroscopic Knots.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the knot characteristics of a pretied suture knot with 3 of the most commonly used arthroscopic knots tied with various high-strength sutures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three commonly used arthroscopic knots (surgeon's knot, Seoul Medical Center, and Duncan loop) tied with no. 2 high-strength sutures were compared with a pretied knot secured with either 1, 2, or 3 reversed half hitches (RHAPS). An orthopaedic sports medicine surgeon and fellow tied a total of 120 knots. All knot combinations were tested for strength, knot bulk, cyclic loop elongation, ultimate loop elongation, and ultimate strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All pretied configurations had statistically significant improved strength (P = .048, P ≤ .001, and P < .001) versus all other knot groups with mean ± standard deviation loads of 206.3 ± 37.5, 285.6 ± 68.6, and 357.6 ± 61.1 N, respectively. The pretied knot with 1, 2, or 3 RHAPs has significantly smaller volume than the arthroscopic knots in all suture materials. All pretied knot configurations demonstrated no significant difference in cyclic loop elongation compared with standard arthroscopic knots; however, they had a statistically significant lower ultimate loop elongation (P = .001 for each pretied knot configuration).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with other commonly tied arthroscopic knots using no. 2 high-strength suture, the pretied knot with doubled no. 1 high-tensile-strength suture tied with 1, 2, or 3 RHAPs results in a statistically significantly improved strength. The pretied knot has an equivalent cyclic loop elongation and lower ultimate loop elongation with all RHAP configurations. The pretied knot with 2 or 3 RHAPs has a significantly higher ultimate strength than all combinations of arthroscopic knots excluding one. The pretied knot with 1, 2, or 3 RHAPs has significantly less knot volume than all other knots tested and offers a more reproducible knot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pre-tied knot offers equivalent or improved strength while having a smaller knot volume.
authors.affiliation: Wellington Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rodes
authors.affiliation: Wellington Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.. Electronic address: PFavorito@Wellingtonortho.com.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Favorito
authors.affiliation: DePuy Mitek Sports Medicine, Raynham, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Piccirillo
authors.affiliation: DePuy Mitek Sports Medicine, Raynham, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Spivey
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013537:Sutures / Q000592:standards*; D013718:Tensile Strength