title: RNA-directed DNA methylation in plants.
abstract: In plants, many small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct de novo methylation by DNA methyltransferase. DNA methylation typically occurs by RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), which directs transcriptional gene silencing of transposons and endogenous transgenes. RdDM is driven by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) produced by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases IV and V (PolIV and PolV). The production of siRNAs is initiated by PolIV and ncRNAs produced by PolIV are precursors of 24-nucleotide siRNAs. In contrast, ncRNAs produced by PolV are involved in scaffolding RNAs. In this review, we summarize recent studies of RdDM. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms involved in chromatin remodeling by PolIV and PolV.
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Movahedi
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
authors.forename: Weibu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
authors.forename: Jiaxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
authors.forename: Mohaddesseh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
authors.forename: Tongming
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. qzhuge@njfu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhuge
mesh_terms: D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018749:RNA, Plant; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
keywords: DNA methylation; DRM; PolIV; PolV; RDM; RdDM; siRNAs