title: Development of an Immunosensor for Determination of the Fungicide Chlorothalonil in Vegetables, Using Surface Plasmon Resonance.
abstract: An immunosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR-sensor) was developed to analyze chlorothalonil residues and maximum residue limits (MRLs; 0.5-50 mg/kg) in vegetables in Japan. Conjugates of N-(pentachlorophenoxyacetyl)glycine and bovine serum albumin were covalently coated on the sensor chip. The SPR-sensor quantitatively determined chlorothalonil at concentrations ranging from 8.0 to 44 ng/mL, using TPN9A, a monoclonal antibody to chlorothalonil. The 50% inhibition concentration was 25 ng/mL. The reactivity was 10-fold lower than that of indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA). However, the SPR-sensor could determine chlorothalonil residues in vegetables at concentrations around the above MRLs. Chlorothalonil spiked in vegetables was recovered at 90-118% within 1 day and at 90-115% across 3 days, correlating with HPLC results. The sensor showed good performance for chlorothalonil residue analysis in vegetables with rapid determination, although the sensitivity and the cross-reactivity were less effective than with the ic-ELISA.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: §National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: ΔKyoto Women's University, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: ΔKyoto Women's University, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami-Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: #Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.affiliation: ⊥Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.affiliation: ΔKyoto Women's University, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyake
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009570:Nitriles; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile
keywords: SPR; fungicide; immunoassay; monoclonal antibody; pesticide