title: Minigames for Mental Health: Improving Warfighters' Coping Skills and Awareness of Mental Health Resources.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Providing resources and stress management techniques is vital to the improvement of mental health outcomes of deploying warfighters. Despite the large amount of resources available, they are largely ineffective owing in part to lack of familiarity and knowledge of the resources themselves. This may be ameliorated through game-based practice environments. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a serious game to teach deploying military personnel about available mental health resources and coping skills, as well as to determine whether the inclusion of minigames improved learning outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants played the serious game "Walk in My Shoes" (Novonics Corp., Orlando, FL) to learn about mental health resources and coping skills. Half of the participants applied this knowledge during the game by playing minigames, whereas the other half played minigames featuring irrelevant content. This study was conducted both in-person and online.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants who practiced the content by playing relevant minigames had positive learning gains, whereas those who played minigames with irrelevant content did not improve from baseline. There were no differences with respect to whether the game was played in the laboratory or in a more naturalistic environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Web-based serious games can be effective in providing information about resources and skills to deploying warfighters. Including minigames to provide practice in a game-based training environment such as a serious game improves learning outcomes. Such a serious game, regardless of the inclusion of minigames, also increases self-reports of deployment self-efficacy.
authors.affiliation: 1 RETRO Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Katelyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Procci
authors.affiliation: 1 RETRO Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Clint
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.affiliation: 1 RETRO Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Simulation and Training , Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Anya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andrews