title: Cerebellar synaptogenesis is compromised in mouse models of DYT1 dystonia.
abstract: Early-onset torsion dystonia (DYT1) is an autosomal-dominant movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions and abnormal posturing. It is caused by a three base-pair deletion (ΔGAG) in the gene encoding the AAA(+) protein torsinA, which gives rise to a loss of function mutation responsible of neuronal functional abnormalities. Symptoms typically appear during childhood, suggesting the presence of an early critical period of sensorimotor circuit susceptibility to torsinA dysfunction. Here, we identified in two different DYT1 mouse strains, heterozygous torsinA knockout mice (Tor1a+/-) and human ΔGAG mutant torsinA transgenic mice (hMT), the anatomical abnormalities in the cerebellum, during a critical age for synaptogenesis (postnatal day 14, P14). By means of immunofluorescence, confocal analysis and western blot quantification, we observed a reduced inhibitory input on Purkinje cells (PCs) as well as an unbalanced excitatory innervation; a significant reduction of the parallel fiber (PF) synaptic terminals and an increase of the climbing fiber (CF) inputs. Finally, in support of the in vivo results, we also provide evidence of an impaired PF synaptogenesis in a co-culture system. Of note, these alterations were rescued and in part over-compensated in the adult age in both mouse strains, suggesting that torsinA dysfunction can induce an altered maturation of cerebellar synaptic contacts. Altogether these results indicate that a loss of function of torsinA during cerebellar synaptogenesis induces important developmental alterations, that might contribute to the age-dependent susceptibility to develop dystonia in mutation carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vanni
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puglisi
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ponterio
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maltese
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: pisani@uniroma2.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mandolesi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004421:Dystonia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism*; D050598:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; C108175:TOR1A protein, human; D050598:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1; C107913:glutamate receptor delta 2; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
keywords: Cerebellum; DYT1 dystonia; Development; GABAergic synapse; Glutamatergic synapse; Purkinje cells; Synaptogenesis; ΔGAG mutant torsinA