title: Potential molecular, cellular and microenvironmental mechanism of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Sorafenib, an orally-available kinase inhibitor, is the only standard clinical treatment against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, development of resistance to sorafenib has raised concern in recent years due to the high-level heterogeneity of individual response to sorafenib treatment. The resistance mechanism underlying the impaired sensitivity to sorafenib is still elusive though some researchers have made great efforts. Here, we provide a systemic insight into the potential molecular, cellular and microenvironmental mechanism of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma depending on abundant previous studies and reports.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Renan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Hanning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Senjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yuelong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Diyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address: 369369@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address: cxjzu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiujun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077157:Sorafenib; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib
keywords: Acquired resistance; Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); Cancer stem cells (CSCs); Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial transitions (MET); Microenvironment