title: Dyskinesia detection and monitoring by a single sensor in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In current clinical practice, assessment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is based on semiquantitative scales or patients' diaries. We aimed to assess the feasibility, clinical validity, and usability of a waist-worn inertial sensor for discriminating between LIDs and physiological sway in both supervised and unsupervised settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six PD patients on L-dopa therapy, 18 de novo PD patients, and 18 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients underwent clinical assessment of motor signs and dyskinesias and kinetic-dynamic L-dopa monitoring, tracked by serial measurements of plasma drug concentrations and motor and postural tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A subset of features was selected, which showed excellent reliability. Sensitivity and specificity of the selected features for dyskinesia recognition were assessed in both supervised and unsupervised settings with an accuracy of 95% and 86%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary findings suggest that it is feasible to design a reliable sensor-based application for dyskinesia monitoring at home.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS-Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopane
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Unit, Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabato
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mellone
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Unit, Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.|Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiari
authors.affiliation: IRCCS-Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.|Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.affiliation: IRCCS-Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.|Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calandra-Buonaura
authors.affiliation: IRCCS-Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.|Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Contin
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa
keywords: Parkinson's disease; levodopa; posturography; single sensor