title: Characteristics and risks of secondary pollutants generation during compression and transfer of municipal solid waste in Shanghai.
abstract: The generation and seasonal variations of secondary pollutants were investigated during three municipal solid waste (MSW) compression and transfer in Shanghai, China. The results showed that the raw wastewater generated from three MSW transfer stations had pH of 4.2-6.0, COD 40,000-70,000mg/L, BOD5 15,000-25,000mg/L, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) 400-700mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) 600-1500mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) 50-200mg/L and suspended solids (SS) 1000-80,000mg/L. The pH, COD, BOD5 and NH3-N did not show regular change throughout the year while the concentration of TN, TP and SS were higher in summer and autumn. The animal and vegetable oil content was extremely high. The average produced raw wastewater of three transfer stations ranged from 2.3% to 8.4% of total refuse. The major air pollutants of H2S 0.01-0.17mg/m(3), NH3 0.75-1.8mg/m(3) in transfer stations, however, the regular seasonal change was not discovered. During the transfer process, the generated leachate in container had pH of 5.7-6.4, SS of 9120-32,475mg/L. The COD and BOD5 were 41,633-89,060mg/L and 18,116-34,130mg/L respectively, higher than that in the compress process. The concentration of NH3-N and TP were 587-1422mg/L and 80-216mg/L, respectively, and both increased during transfer process. H2S, VOC, CH4 and NH3 were 0.4-4mg/m(3), 7-19mg/m(3), 0-3.4% and 1-4mg/m(3), respectively. The PCA analysis showed that the production of secondary pollutants is closely related to temperature, especially CH4. Therefore, avoiding high temperature is a key means of reducing the production of gaseous pollutants. And above all else, refuse classification in source, deodorization and anti-acid corrosion are the important processes to control the secondary pollutants during compression and transfer of MSW.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China. Electronic address: bxie@des.ecnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Environment Logistics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200063, China.
authors.forename: Changying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005740:Gases; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012621:Seasons; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000641:Ammonia; D005740:Gases; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D062611:Solid Waste; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: MSW transfer station; Municipal solid waste (MSW); Secondary pollutants; Transfer