title: Obesity and the neurocognitive basis of food reward and the control of intake.
abstract: With the rising prevalence of obesity, hedonic eating has become an important theme in obesity research. Hedonic eating is thought to be that driven by the reward of food consumption and not metabolic need, and this has focused attention on the brain reward system and how its dysregulation may cause overeating and obesity. Here, we begin by examining the brain reward system and the evidence for its dysregulation in human obesity. We then consider the issue of how individuals are able to control their hedonic eating in the present obesogenic environment and compare 2 contrasting perspectives on the control of hedonic eating, specifically, enhanced control of intake via higher cognitive control and loss of control over intake as captured by the food addiction model. We conclude by considering what these perspectives offer in terms of directions for future research and for potential interventions to improve control over food intake at the population and the individual levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; hz238@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4044-1719
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ziauddeen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bariatric and Nutritional Neuroscience, Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alonso-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO;
authors.forename: James O
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4690-2264
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, Chicago, IL; and.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL.
authors.forename: Naiman A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D001069:Appetite Regulation; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D003071:Cognition; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology*; D010684:Philosophy; D012201:Reward
keywords: cognitive control; eating behavior; food addiction; food intake and appetite regulation; neuroimaging; obesity