title: POPULATION GENETICS. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans.
abstract: How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient and modern genome-wide data, we found that the ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans and Amerindians, entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) and after no more than an 8000-year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to the Americas, ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka, one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other restricted to North America. Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ancestry with present-day East Asians (including Siberians) and, more distantly, Australo-Melanesians. Putative "Paleoamerican" relict populations, including the historical Mexican Pericúes and South American Fuego-Patagonians, are not directly related to modern Australo-Melanesians as suggested by the Paleoamerican Model.
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authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Lane Bldg Room L331, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 607 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.|Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA.
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authors.initials: DJ
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authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
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authors.affiliation: Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.|Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.|Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Bldg #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Bldg #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D051456:Gene Flow; D023281:Genomics; D049690:History, Ancient; D063426:Human Migration / Q000266:history*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics / Q000266:history*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D012800:Siberia