title: The revised microRNA complement of Fasciola hepatica reveals a plethora of overlooked microRNAs and evidence for enrichment of immuno-regulatory microRNAs in extracellular vesicles.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gene regulators that have recently been shown to down-regulate the immune response via extracellular vesicles in the mammalian host of helminthic parasites. Using the miRNA prediction pipeline miRCandRef, we expanded the current miRNA set of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda) from 16 to 54 miRNAs (42 conserved and 13 novel). Comparing the cellular expression levels with extracellular vesicles, we found all miRNAs expressed and enriched for miRNAs with immuno-regulatory function, tissue growth and cancer. Our findings support the hypothesis that miRNAs are the molecular mediators of the previously demonstrated immune modulatory function of extracellular vesicles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: bastian.fromm@rr-research.no.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fromm
authors.affiliation: Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Universitat de València-Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trelis
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, 18100 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hackenberg
authors.affiliation: Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain; Veterinari de Salut Pública, Centre de Salut Pública de Manises, 46940 Manises (Valencia), Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cantalapiedra
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.affiliation: Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Universitat de València-Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: antonio.marcilla@uv.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcilla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019295:Computational Biology; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry*; D005210:Fasciola hepatica / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Extracellular vesicles; Fasciola hepatica; Helminth; miRNA