title: Cytoprotective effects of high dose of α-galactosylceramide against activation-induced CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell death as an adjuvant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cytoprotective effects of high dose of α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) on the activation-induced CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced using adoptive transfer of MOGCD4+ cells treated using α-GC into recipient C57BL/6 mice while the MOGCD4+ cells treated using 0.5% polysorbate were set as vehicle group, based on which to investigate the effects of α-GC on activation induced CD4+ T cell death. Additionally, an EG7 tumor-bearing mice model is established using adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells, based on which to investigate the effect of α-GC on the apoptosis of CD8+ T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher induction rate was noticed after adoptive transfer of MOGCD4+ cells treated using α-GC together with the severity of EAE compared with the conventional methods. Longer survival duration was noted in the green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled MOGT in the α-GC group compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). Severe inflammatory cell infiltration and myelinoclasis was noted in the white matter of nervous system in the α-GC group. In the EG7 tumor model, more adoptive CD8+ T cells were survived in α-GC group compared with that of vehicle group. The growth of tumor mass was significantly inhibited in α-GC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  high dose of α-GC could be used as an adjuvant for inhibiting activation-induced CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell death. Our study could provide helpful information for the development of adoptive cell therapy with reduced programmed cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing TCM University Changzhou 213003, China.
authors.forename: Gaochao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing TCM University Changzhou 213003, China.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing TCM University Changzhou 213003, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing TCM University Changzhou 213003, China.
authors.forename: Zhixiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing TCM University Changzhou 213003, China.
authors.forename: Bingwei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing TCM University Changzhou 213003, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein / Q000276:immunology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D005699:Galactosylceramides; C571327:Mog protein, mouse; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; C493154:alpha-galactosylceramide
keywords: T cells; activation-induced cell death; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; α-galactosylceramide