title: Influence of cafeteria diet and fish oil in pregnancy and lactation on pups' body weight and fatty acid profiles in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine the effects of cafeteria diet (CD) and fish oil supplements given to pregnant and lactating rats on the birth weight and fatty acid profiles of their offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female rats were given standard diet (STD) or CD for 22 days before pregnancy. After mating, some animals remained on STD or CD; for some CD rats, the diet was supplemented with 8.78 % fish oil (CD-FO). After 12 days, half the CD-FO group returned to CD (CD-FO12) and the others remained on CD-FO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At birth, body weights of pups of the three CD groups were lower than STD, maintained until 21 days in the CD-FO group only. At the end of lactation, dams of the CD groups had increased plasma triacylglycerols (TAG), non-esterified fatty acids, and glycerol concentrations, whereas most n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) were decreased, the effect being greatest in the CD-FO group, where most n-3 LCPUFA were increased and indices of Δ(5) and Δ(6) desaturase activities decreased. The 21-day-old pups of the CD group had increased plasma TAG, not present in the CD-FO group, which had increased 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. In both 2- and 21-day-old CD pups, plasma concentrations of ARA were lower than STD, and even lower in the two CD-FO groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of CD and CD-FO decreasing pups body weight could be related to decreased concentrations of ARA, caused by the inhibition of the Δ(5) and Δ(6) desaturases in the pathway of n-6 LCPUFA biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Encarnación
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amusquivar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Kenia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bispo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain. eherrera@ceu.es.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herrera
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005395:Fish Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
keywords: Arachidonic acid; Cafeteria diet; Dietary fish oil supplement; High-fat diet; Index of desaturases; Postnatal development