title: Increased expression of ARF GTPases in prostate cancer tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ARFs are a family of Ras-related GTP binding proteins, ARF6, in particular, is implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the role of ARF proteins in prostate cancer have yet to be investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining for ARF6 was performed on a prostate cancer tissue microarray with patient matched normal specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibody staining was significantly over-expressed in prostate cancer patient samples compared to normal patient tissue and a trend towards increased staining intensity in cancer samples with Gleason scores of 8 and above (metastatic disease).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to high homology between members of the ARF family we could not determine if ARF 6 was the only ARF over-expressed in the prostate cancer samples. However, we are the first to show that ARF-GTPases are over expressed in prostate cancer which provides further insight into the molecular biology of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Diagnostics group, Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burnell
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cardiff School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kynaston
authors.affiliation: Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: Shareen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Doak
keywords: ARF GTPases; Aggressive disease; Immunohistochemistry; Prostate cancer