title: High Strength Multifunctional Multiwalled Hydrogel Tubes: Ion-Triggered Shape Memory, Antibacterial, and Anti-inflammatory Efficacies.
abstract: In this study, ion-responsive hydrogen bonding strengthened hydrogels (termed as PVV) were synthesized by one-pot copolymerization of 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (VDT), 1-vinylimidazole (VI), and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. The diaminotriazine-diaminotriazine (DAT-DAT) H-bonding interaction and copolymerization of VI contributed to a notable increase in comprehensive performances including tensile/compressive strength, elasticity, modulus, and fracture energy. In addition, introducing mM levels of zinc ions could further increase the mechanical properties of PVV hydrogels and fix a variety of temporary shapes due to the strong coordination of zinc with imidazole. The release of zinc ions from the hydrogel contributed to an antibacterial effect, without compromising the shape memory effect. Remarkably, a multiwalled hydrogel tube (MWHT) fixed with Zn(2+) demonstrated much higher flexural strengths and a more sustainable release of zinc ions than the solid hydrogel cylinder (SHC). A Zn(2+)-fixed MWHT was implanted subcutaneously in rats, and it was found that the Zn(2+)-fixed MWHT exhibited anti-inflammatory and wound healing efficacies. The reported high strength hydrogel with integrated functions holds potential as a tissue engineering scaffold.
authors.affiliation: †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
authors.forename: Yongmao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Xinyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Mengge
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: §Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
authors.forename: Wenguang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004058:Diffusion; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006244:Hardness; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007477:Ions; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D020100:Hydrogels; D007477:Ions; D015032:Zinc
keywords: high strength; implantable; ion-responsive; multifunctional; multiwalled hydrogel tubes