title: Serum metalloproteinases 1 and 7 in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial pneumonias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has important therapeutic and prognostic implications and would be greatly aided by reliable diagnostic biomarkers as IPF has sometimes overlapping features with other interstitial lung diseases (ILD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the value of serum metalloproteinases (MMP) 1 and 7 levels in the differential diagnosis of IPF with other ILD.
  
  
  METHODS
  MMP-1/7 serum levels were measured using Luminex xMAP technology in 139 patients- 47 IPF, 36 non-IPF Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP), 14 idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (iNSIP), 29 secondary NSIP (secNSIP), 13 stage IV sarcoidosis- and 20 healthy controls, and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-1 was significantly higher in IPF than non-IPF UIP (P = .042) and sarcoidosis (P = .027). MMP-7 was significantly higher in IPF than controls (P < .001), non-IPF UIP (P = .003), secNSIP (P < .001), and sarcoidosis (P < .001). The Area Under the Curve for IPF versus other ILD was 0.63 (95%CI, 0.53-0.73) for MMP-1, 0.73 (95%CI, 0.65-0.81) for MMP-7, and 0.74 (95%CI, 0.66-0.82) for MMP-1/MMP-7 combined. Sensitivity and specificity for MMP-7 cutoff = 3.91 ng/mL was 72.3% and 66.3%, respectively, Positive Predictive Values = 52.3% and Negative Predictive Values = 82.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-1 and particularly MMP-7 serum levels were significantly higher in IPF than in non-IPF UIP, the main entity in differential diagnosis. The value of these biomarkers as additional tools in a multidisciplinary approach to IPF diagnosis needs to be considered and further explored.
authors.affiliation: Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: antonio.morais16@outlook.com.
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marília
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beltrão
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sokhatska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Portugal; EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Diogo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Agostinho
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delgado
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D054988:Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000097:blood*; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C060932:MMP7 protein, human; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Metalloproteinase 1; Metalloproteinase 7; Metalloproteinases; Sarcoidosis