title: Risk factors for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Mycobacterium bovis coinfection at individual animal level in southern Chile cattle populations.
abstract: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic intestinal infection mainly in domestic and wild ruminants and is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route. Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) produces a chronic infection principally of the respiratory system. It affects most domestic mammals, wild species, and humans and is spread via the respiratory or oral route. It is important to note that M. bovis is considered a major zoonotic agent. The term coinfection refers to the coexistence of two or more infectious agents in the same host. The goal of the present study was to assess management factors that may favor coinfection with MAP and M. bovis in cattle at an individual level. A cross-sectional study was conducted including 366 cattle from 11 herds. Diagnostic information for both pathogens and individual characteristics of the animals and management practices applied on them was collected from each herd. The results indicated a set of variables being more frequent in the coinfected group of animals and mainly related with biosecurity measures. This study provided regionally based data that may be used to design future control plans for both cattle infections in southern Chile.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Instapanel, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.|Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steuer
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Instapanel, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.|Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raffo
authors.affiliation: Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Instapanel, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile. miguelsalgado@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salgado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002415:Cats; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Coinfection; M. bovis; MAP; Risk factors