title: The Cryoprotectant Effect of Polysaccharides from Plants and Microalgae on Human White Blood Cells.
abstract: The use of carbohydrates as cryoprotectants is increasing. In this study the effects of incorporating polysaccharides extracted from plants and microalgae originating in northern Russia, into cryoprotectant solutions used to preserve human white blood cells were investigated. Cells in the presence of the polysaccharides were cooled to either -40°C or -80°C, using a two-step cooling process. The morphological and functional indicators of the cryopreserved leukocytes were assessed by light microscopy. When combined with glycerol, the pectin-polysaccharides Lemnan from common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) and Comaruman from marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L), were capable of lowering the freezing point of the cryoprotectant solution and helped to preserve the integrity of the human white blood cell membranes at temperatures below zero. In addition, the increase in phagocytic activity of neutrophils was confirmed. In the context of the contemporary search for effective cell cryoprotectants, the results of this research demonstrate that the cryopreservation of biospecimens in a polysaccharide environment is a promising trend in applied medicine, which can be considered an alternative to traditional cryogenic nitrogen techniques.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood and Laboratory Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology , Komi Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation .
authors.forename: Andrey Nikolayevich
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Khudyakov
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood and Laboratory Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology , Komi Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation .
authors.forename: Tatyana Vitalyevna
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Polezhaeva
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood and Laboratory Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology , Komi Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation .
authors.forename: Oksana Olegovna
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Zaitseva
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood and Laboratory Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology , Komi Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation .
authors.forename: Elena Aleksandrovna
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Gűnter
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood and Laboratory Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology , Komi Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation .
authors.forename: Olga Nurzadinovna
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Solomina
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood and Laboratory Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology , Komi Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation .
authors.forename: Oksana Viktorovna
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Popeyko
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood and Laboratory Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology , Komi Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation .
authors.forename: Anatolyi Aleksandrovich
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shubakov
authors.affiliation: 2 Laboratory of Preservative of Blood and Tissue, Kirov Research Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion , Kirov, Russian Federation .
authors.forename: Konstantin Aleksandrovich
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Vetoshkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012426:Russia; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides; C501873:comaruman; C423783:lemnan; D010368:Pectins; D005990:Glycerol