title: Interrelationship between angiogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress in Indian patients with multiple myeloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of clonal population of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). A variety of angiogenic factors, proteases, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines induce the formation of an extensive and suitable BM microenvironment. Previous studies have established the importance of angiogenic factors, inflammatory molecules and oxidative stress in MM but their interplay and effect on each other are not being taken together.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circulatory levels of VEGF, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), IL-6 and TNF-α along with the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were investigated in 112 subjects including 62 MM patients and 50 healthy controls. Inter-stage analysis was done to evaluate the association of these molecules with the severity of disease. Pearson correlation was determined to find interrelationship, if any, between these molecules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have observed elevated levels of VEGF, Ang-2, IL-6, TNF-α and decreased activity of SOD, GPx in MM patients in comparison to controls. All these molecules also showed a trend with the severity of disease. We have found strong association between these factors upon their correlation and regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is a step toward understanding the indepth contribution of angiogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress together in making BM microenvironment suitable for growth, survival and proliferation of malignant plasma cells in MM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India. dralpanasharma@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Angiogenesis; Bone marrow microenvironment; Inflammation; Multiple myeloma; Oxidative stress