title: Trace elements in seminal plasma of men from infertile couples.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An analysis of lead, zinc, cadmium and other trace elements in semen of men from infertile couples was performed to determine the association between abnormal semen parameters and enviromental or occupational exposure to some trace metals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cadmium, tin and lead was measured in seminal plasma of 34 men from infertile couples using spectrometry with time-of-flight analysis. Correlations among sperm parameters and trace metals were determined using cluster analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormally high concentrations of lead, cadmium, zinc and cobalt were found in 23 seminal plasma of men from infertile couples. The most consistent evidence was determined for an association between high cadmium concentration in seminal plasma and sperm count, motility and morphology below reference limits (p < 0.01). A correlation of significantly increased tin level and reduced sperm count in semen of men with limited fertility potential was observed (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study we observed a correlation of tin level with sperm count in semen of men with limited fertility potential.
authors.affiliation: Obstetric, Gynecology and Neonatal Hospital, Opole, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guzikowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Szynkowska
authors.affiliation: Obstetric and Gynecology Department, District Hospital, Strzelce Opolskie, Poland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Motak-Pochrzęst
authors.affiliation: Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pawlaczyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sypniewski
keywords: infertility; seminal plasma; trace elements