title: Oval Window Temperature Changes in an Endoscopic Stapedectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Following the initial use of endoscopes in otology, the pros and cons of these instruments have been questioned increasingly. These instruments cause an increase in temperature that needs to be investigated. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the temperature increase caused by endoscopes and light sources in the perilymph by performing a stapedotomy in an animal model under anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in a guinea pig model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the animal model, a simulated otologic stapes surgery was performed at room temperature. The body temperatures of the guinea pigs were monitored; the temperature increase caused by the 0-degree rigid endoscopes with diameters of 3 and 4  mm as well as the light sources, including halogen, light-emitting diode (LED), and xenon lamps, were monitored following the stapedotomy to measure and document the continuous temperature increase in the perilymph using sensors placed at the oval window.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rigid endoscopes cause a temperature increase in the tympanum regardless of their diameter when used with xenon and halogen light sources. The LED light caused a relatively small temperature increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endoscopic instruments used in the stapes operation caused a temperature increase in the oval window. The authors concluded that this heat could easily be transmitted to the cochlea by the perilymph, which has obstructed contact with the outer environment following stapedomy, resulting in neurosensorial damage.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medicine Faculty †Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Harran University ‡Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mardin State Hospital, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Riza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dundar
authors.forename: Hüsamettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bulut
authors.forename: Osman Kadir
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Güler
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yükkaldiran
authors.forename: Yunus
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Demirtaş
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iynen
authors.forename: Ferhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bozkuş
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kulduk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D023421:Models, Animal; D010046:Oval Window, Ear / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010498:Perilymph / Q000502:physiology; D013201:Stapes Surgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013821:Thermometers