title: Bonding efficacy of etch-and-rinse adhesives after dentin biomodification using ethanol saturation and collagen cross-linker pretreatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the application of two simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives to biomodified dentin using ethanol-wet bonding (EWB) and collagen cross-linker (CCL) pretreatment improves their sealing ability.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 176 extracted human molars, the pulp-chambers were deroofed, and teeth were sectioned horizontally. Samples were randomly divided into eight groups according to four bonding techniques using two simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives; Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB) and XP Bond (XPB). The bonding protocols included: (a) Water-wet bonding (WWB); (b) EWB; (c) WWB and CCL application; (d) EWB and CCL application. After composite resin restorations, dye leakage evaluation and scanning electron microscope analysis were done. Leakage scores were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at a significance level of P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both ASB and XPB adhesives, least dye leakage was observed in EWB groups (b and d) (P = 0.918 and P = 0.399 respectively) which showed no significant difference, while maximum leakage scores were seen in WWB groups (a and c). Regardless of CCL application and adhesives used, EWB technique depicted (P = 0.003 and P = 0.004) significantly greater sealing ability than WWB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bonding of ASB and XPB using EWB significantly improved their sealing ability. Biomodification using CCL pretreatment had no significant effect on the sealing ability of adhesives bonded with either WWB or EWB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rajni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shashi Prabha
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manuja
keywords: Collagen cross-linker; ethanol-wet bonding; proanthocyanidins; pulp-chamber dentin; sealing ability; simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives