title: Many ways to read your vowels--Neural processing of diacritics and vowel letters in Hebrew.
abstract: The current study examined the effect of orthographic transparency and familiarity on brain mechanisms involved in word recognition in adult Hebrew readers. We compared the effects of diacritics that provide transparent but less familiar information and vowel letters that increase orthographic transparency without compromising familiarity. Brain activation was measured in 18 adults during oral reading of single words, while manipulating the presence of diacritic marks, the presence of a vowel letter, and word length (3 vs. 4 consonants). We found opposite effects of diacritics and vowel letters on temporo-parietal regions associated with mapping orthography to phonology. The increase in activation for diacritic marks and the decrease in activation for vowel letters in these regions suggest that the greater familiarity of vowel letters compared to diacritics overrides the effect of orthographic transparency. Vowel letters also reduced activation in regions associated with semantic processing in unpointed words, and were thus distinct from the effect of an additional consonant. Altogether the results suggest that both orthographic transparency and familiarity contribute to word recognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Learning Disabilities, The E.J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: ylweiss@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Learning Disabilities, The E.J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: katzirta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katzir
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Speech Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: tbitan@research.haifa.ac.il.
authors.forename: Tali
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bitan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D011932:Reading; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Diacritics; Familiarity; Inferior parietal lobule; Reading; Word length; fMRI