title: Uterine size and ovarian size in adolescents with functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a condition characterised by the absence of menses due to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to estimate uterine and ovarian sizes in adolescents with FHA and to compare these results with findings in peers having regular menstrual cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Lithuania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lithuanian adolescents--45 with FHA and 40 comparison group participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed ultrasound measurements of internal reproductive organs, levels of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, oestradiol and calculated body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the participants was 16.3 ± 1.2 years, the mean age after menarche--3.6 years. In adolescents with FHA the BMI was 17.8 ± 1.8 kg/m(2) and 20.4 ± 1.4 kg/m(2) in the comparison group, p < 0.001. The uterine volume (14.7 ± 6.3 cm(3) vs 31.7 ± 10.6 cm(3), p < 0.001), cervical length (2.3 ± 0.4 cm vs 2.6 ± 0.5 cm, p = 0.03), volume of both ovaries (9.3 ± 3.6 cm(3) vs 13.8 ± 4.3 cm(3), p < 0.001) and levels of LH (2.70 ± 2.59 vs 6.01 ± 2.44, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in girls with FHA. A significantly positive correlation between volume of uterus and levels of LH (r = 0.415; p < 0.001) was found. We identified a positive correlation between uterine volume, uterine corpus length, cervical length, ovarian volume and weight, BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In adolescents with FHA the dimensions of uterus and ovaries were smaller than in girls having regular menstrual cycles. Our study confirmed the influence of oestrogen on uterus size: oestrogen deficiency causes a reduction in uterine size. Uterine size and ovarian size correlate positively with BMI.
authors.affiliation: Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Zana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bumbuliene
authors.affiliation: Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klimasenko
authors.affiliation: Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sragyte
authors.affiliation: Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Jolita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zakareviciene
authors.affiliation: Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Grazina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Drasutiene
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008097:Lithuania; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
keywords: Adolescent Health; Imaging