title: The relationship between polymorphisms of genes regulating DNA repair or cell division and the toxicity of platinum and vinorelbine chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platinum-based chemotherapy and 3rd generation drugs is still the main treatment option for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without activating EGFR mutations or ALK rearrangements. However, the side effects associated with cytostatics are well known. Changes in the genes (e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) encoding proteins regulating DNA repair or cell division could potentially influence on both the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapy, and the occurrence of toxicities.
  
  
  METHODS
  In presented study, the relationship between the fourteen SNPs in nine DNA repair and cell division regulating genes: ERCC1, XPD, XPA, XPC, XRCC1, XPG, RRM1, BRCA1, STMN1 and the toxicity of first-line chemotherapy in NSCLC patients were investigated. SNPs were determined by SNaPshot PCR® in DNA isolated from peripheral blood of 55 NSCLC patients treated with platinum compound and vinorelbine. The toxicity of therapy was evaluated according to the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) Version 4.03.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratio (OR) of severe haematological toxicity was significantly lower in carriers of the T allele of XRCC1 gene (1196A > G, OR = 0.22, 95 % CI: 0.06-0.82, p = 0.018) and higher in the carriers of the T allele (2704C > A) of XPC gene (OR: 7.50, 95 % CI: 0.89-63.17, p = 0.036) compared to the remaining patients. Risk of severe hepatotoxicity was significantly lower in carriers of the C allele of STMN1 (-2166T > C, OR = 0.09, 95 % CI: 0.01-1.12, p = 0.025) than in patients with T allele of this gene. In carriers of G allele (2251A > C, OR: 0.24, 95 % CI: 0.07-0.81, p = 0.017) and T (934G > A, OR: 0.26, 95 % CI: 0.07-0.90, p = 0.029) of XPD gene, risk of severe nephrotoxicity was significantly lower than in other patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selected SNPs of genes encoding DNA repair enzymes and cell division regulation proteins could be useful biomarkers for prediction of platinum and vinorelbine-based chemotherapy toxicity in patients with advanced NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland. tomaszpowrozek@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Powrózek
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mlak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krawczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Homa
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Ceramiczna 1, 20-150, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciesielka
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Ceramiczna 1, 20-150, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kozioł
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prendecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milanowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Małecka-Massalska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017671:Platinum Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077235:Vinorelbine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017671:Platinum Compounds; D014747:Vinblastine; D000077235:Vinorelbine
keywords: Chemotherapy; DNA repair; Non-small cell lung cancer; SNPs; STMN1; Toxicity