title: A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Krill with Antioxidative and Immunomodulating Properties Reduced Plasma Triacylglycerol and Hepatic Lipogenesis in Rats.
abstract: Dietary intake of marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can change the plasma profile from atherogenic to cardioprotective. In addition, there is growing evidence that proteins of marine origin may have health benefits. We investigated a phospholipid-protein complex (PPC) from krill that is hypothesized to influence lipid metabolism, inflammation, and redox status. Male Wistar rats were fed a control diet (2% soy oil, 8% lard, 20% casein), or diets where corresponding amounts of casein and lard were replaced with PPC at 3%, 6%, or 11% (wt %), for four weeks. Dietary supplementation with PPC resulted in significantly lower levels of plasma triacylglycerols in the 11% PPC-fed group, probably due to reduced hepatic lipogenesis. Plasma cholesterol levels were also reduced at the highest dose of PPC. In addition, the plasma and liver content of n-3 PUFAs increased while n-6 PUFAs decreased. This was associated with increased total antioxidant capacity in plasma and increased liver gene expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2). Finally, a reduced plasma level of the inflammatory mediator interleukin-2 (IL-2) was detected in the PPC-fed animals. The present data show that PPC has lipid-lowering effects in rats, and may modulate risk factors related to cardiovascular disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5020, Norway. Inge.Bruheim@olympic.no.|Olympic Seafood AS, Fosnavåg N-6099, Norway. Inge.Bruheim@olympic.no.
authors.forename: Marie S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ramsvik
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5020, Norway. Bodil.Bjorndal@uib.no.
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bjørndal
authors.affiliation: Olympic Seafood AS, Fosnavåg N-6099, Norway. Inge.Bruheim@olympic.no.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bruheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5020, Norway. Pavol.Bohov@uib.no.
authors.forename: Pavol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bohov
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5020, Norway. Rolf.Berge@uib.no.|Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway. Rolf.Berge@uib.no.
authors.forename: Rolf K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Berge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033201:Euphausiacea / Q000737:chemistry*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Antarctic krill; antioxidant capacity; cholesterol; inflammation; lipid lowering; lipogenesis; omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; plasma lipids