title: Placental elastography in a murine intrauterine growth restriction model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare placental elasticity in normal versus intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) murine pregnancies using shear wave elastography (SWE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intrauterine growth restriction was created by ligation of the left uterine artery of Sprague-Dawley rats on E17. Ultrasonography (US) and elastography were performed 2 days later on exteriorized horns after laparotomy. Biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal diameter (AD) were measured and compared in each horn. Placental elasticity of each placenta was compared in the right and left horns, respectively, using the Young's modulus, which increases with increasing stiffness of the tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred seventeen feto-placental units from 18 rats were included. Fetuses in the left ligated horn had smaller biometric measurements than those in the right horn (6.7 vs 7.2 mm, p < 0.001, and 9.2 vs 11.2 mm, p < 0.001 for BPD and AD, respectively). Mean fetal weight was lower in the pups from the left than the right horn (1.65 vs 2.11 g; p < 0.001). Mean (SD) Young's modulus was higher for placentas from the left than the right horn (11.7 ± 1.5 kPa vs 8.01 ± 3.8 kPa, respectively; p < 0.001), indicating increased stiffness in placentas from the left than the right horn. There was an inverse relationship between fetal weight and placental elasticity (r = 0.42; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shear wave elastography may be used to provide quantitative elasticity measurements of the placenta. In our model, placentas from IUGR fetuses demonstrated greater stiffness, which correlated with the degree of fetal growth restriction.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHI Poissy Saint Germain, 10 rue Champ, Gaillard, Poissy, BP 3082, France.|INSERM UMR 970, PARCC, Paris, France.|EA FETUS 7328, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quibel
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 970, PARCC, Paris, France.|EA FETUS 7328, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.|Maternité Necker-Enfants Malade, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Univeristé Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deloison
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 970, PARCC, Paris, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chammings
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 970, PARCC, Paris, France.|Maternité Necker-Enfants Malade, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Univeristé Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Chalouhi
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 970, PARCC, Paris, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siauve
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 970, PARCC, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alison
authors.affiliation: Département de Génétique Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hopital Necker-Enfant Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bessières
authors.affiliation: Institut Langevin Ondes et Images, ESPCI ParisTech, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gennisson
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 970, PARCC, Paris, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 970, PARCC, Paris, France.|EA FETUS 7328, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.|Maternité Necker-Enfants Malade, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Univeristé Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Salomon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020567:Fetal Weight; D008026:Ligation; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000601:surgery