title: Novel Stroke Therapeutics: Unraveling Stroke Pathophysiology and Its Impact on Clinical Treatments.
abstract: Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability in the world. Over the past few decades our understanding of the pathophysiology of stroke has increased, but greater insight is required to advance the field of stroke recovery. Clinical treatments have improved in the acute time window, but long-term therapeutics remain limited. Complex neural circuits damaged by ischemia make restoration of function after stroke difficult. New therapeutic approaches, including cell transplantation or stimulation, focus on reestablishing these circuits through multiple mechanisms to improve circuit plasticity and remodeling. Other research targets intact networks to compensate for damaged regions. This review highlights several important mechanisms of stroke injury and describes emerging therapies aimed at improving clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: gsteinberg@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Gary K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000209:etiology; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D062308:Optogenetics; D057165:Proteostasis Deficiencies / Q000209:etiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers