title: Efficient method of starch functionalization to bis-quaternary structure unit.
abstract: This paper presents the synthesis of bis-quaternary starch by innocuous reagents. For this, starch was functionalized to di-aldehyde structure by periodate oxidation. Aldehyde is reactive and amenable to further derivatization to amine structure. It was functionalized to amine via the modified Leuckart-Wallach reaction. Then, the aminated starch was modified to the quaternary form by the exhaustive methylation. The structural characterization of synthesized compounds was performed using titrimetric analytical estimation, FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and SEM-EDX. Analytical results showed 58.8% aldehyde content in di-aldehyde starch. The synthesized quaternary derivatives with gemini like structure showed high degree of quaternization 62%. In conclusion, the applied protocol is efficient and revealed high extent of modification with almost good uniformity from the characterization studies.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India. Electronic address: kalpana13chauhan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India.
authors.forename: Jasvinder
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India.
authors.forename: Ankita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D013213:Starch / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013213:Starch
keywords: Di-aldehyde starch; Gemini like structure; Quaternary starch