title: Energetic Materials Based on 5,5'-Diamino-4,4'-dinitramino-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole.
abstract: A simple and straightforward synthesis of 5,5'-diamino-4,4'-dinitramino-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole by the selective nitration of 4,4',5,5'-tetraamino-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole is presented. The interaction of the amino and nitramino groups improves the energetic properties of this functionalized bitriazole. For a deeper investigation of these properties, various nitrogen-rich derivatives were synthesized. The new compounds were investigated and characterized by spectroscopy ((1)H and (13)C NMR, IR, Raman), elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray analysis, and impact and friction sensitivities (IS, FS). X-ray analyses were performed and deliver insight into structural characteristics with which the stability of the compounds can be explained. The standard enthalpies of formation were calculated for all compounds at the CBS-4M level of theory, revealing highly positive heats of formation. The energetic performance of the new molecules was predicted with the EXPLO5 V6.02 computer. A small-scale shock reactivity test (SSRT) and a toxicity test gave a first impression of the performance and toxicity of selective compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Energetic Materials Research, Ludswig-Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (D), 81377, München, Germany. tmk@cup.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Klapötke
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Energetic Materials Research, Ludswig-Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (D), 81377, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leroux
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Energetic Materials Research, Ludswig-Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (D), 81377, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Energetic Materials Research, Ludswig-Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (D), 81377, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stierstorfer
keywords: N-heterocycles; energetic materials; sensitivities; structure elucidation; triazoles