title: Prevalence of presbyopia and spectacle correction coverage in a rural population of North West Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of presbyopia, and near vision spectacle coverage in a rural population of Northwestern Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional prevalence study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and fifty people of at least 40 years of age, in 13 clusters (50 per cluster) were examined using a multi-stage random sampling with probability proportional to size. The survey was conducted from April 7 to 28, 2012 at Bungudu Local Government Area of Zamfara State, Nigeria. Presbyopia was defined as the inability to read N8 at 40 cm. Presbyopic Spectacle Correction Coverage (PSCC) was calculated, and information on barriers to using near vision spectacles identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude prevalence of presbyopia was 30.4%, 95% CI: (26.8%-34.1%). The prevalence was significantly higher in females (P=0.0005) and individuals with at least secondary education (P=0.022). The age specific prevalence of presbyopia was three times (63.5%) more among those aged 70 years and above, as compared to those within 40-49 years age group (19.3%). The met need was 0.2%, the unmet need 30.2%, and a PSCC of 0.7%. The major barriers reported as reasons for not obtaining near vision spectacles were unawareness and lack of felt need.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of presbyopia in Bungudu is relatively low compared to other reports with major risk factors being increasing age, female sex and attainment of higher education. The presbyopic spectacles correction coverage is very low with high unmet need thus there is a need to create awareness, and provide affordable and accessible optical services in the affected population.
authors.affiliation: Zamfara State Eye Care Programme, King Fahad IBN Abdul-Azeez Women and Children Hospital, Zamfara State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Murtala Muhammad
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department, College of Health Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Nasiru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Vitreoretina, National Eye Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mahmoud B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Alhassan
keywords: Nigeria; presbyopia; spectacle coverage