title: Developing imprinted polymer nanoparticles for the selective separation of antidiabetic drugs.
abstract: In this study, new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles are designed for selective recognition of different drugs used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, i.e. sitagliptin (SG) and metformin (MF). The SG- and MF-imprinted polymer nanoparticles are synthesized by free-radical initiated polymerization of the functional monomers: methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate; and the crosslinker: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The surface morphology of resultant MIP nanoparticles is studied by atomic force microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectra of MIP nanoparticles suggest the presence of reversible, non-covalent interactions between the template and the polymer. The effect of pH on the rebinding of antidiabetic drugs with SG- and MF-imprinted polymers is investigated to determine the optimal experimental conditions. The molecular recognition characteristics of SG- and MF-imprinted polymers for the respective drug targets are determined at low concentrations of SG (50-150 ppm) and MF (5-100 ppm). In both cases, the MIP nanoparticles exhibit higher binding response compared to non-imprinted polymers. Furthermore, the MIPs demonstrate high selectivity with four fold higher responses toward imprinted drugs targets, respectively. Recycled MIP nanoparticles retain 90% of their drug-binding efficiency, which makes them suitable for successive analyses with significantly preserved recognition features.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Isma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mujahid
authors.affiliation: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Affiliated Colleges at Hafr Al Batin and Department of Chemistry, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Adeel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, ChakShahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naseer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sadia Zafar
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Bajwa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tajamal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shehzad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hadia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashraf
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008687:Metformin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D011108:Polymers; D008687:Metformin; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate
keywords: Antidiabetic drugs; Metformin; Molecularly imprinted polymers; Sitagliptin