title: Intrinsic cell permeability of the GAGA zinc finger protein into HeLa cells.
abstract: We examined the intrinsic cell permeability of a GAGA zinc finger obtained from the Drosophila melanogaster transcription factor and analyzed its mechanism of cellular uptake using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. HeLa cells were treated with the Cy5-labeld GAGA peptides (containing a fluorescent chromophore) to detect fluorescence signals from the fluorescent labeling peptides by confocal microscopy. The results clearly indicated that GAGA peptides possess intrinsic cell permeability for HeLa cells. Based on the results of the flow cytometry analysis and the theoretical net positive charge of the GAGA peptides, the efficiency of cellular uptake of the GAGA peptides was predicted to depend on the net positive charge of the GAGA peptide as well as the cationic component ratio of Arg residues to Lys residues.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan. Electronic address: snegi@dwc.doshisha.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Misato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuyama
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Akino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Honbo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amagase
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizukawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiriyama
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iga
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urushidaini
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's University, Koudo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiura
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055672:Static Electricity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C063460:Trl protein, Drosophila; D001120:Arginine; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Cell penetrating peptide (CPP); GAGA zinc finger; Intrinsic cell permeability