title: Post-translational modifications in regulation of pathogen surveillance and signaling in plants: The inside- (and perturbations from) outside story.
abstract: In its lifetime a plant is exposed to pathogens of diverse types. Although methods of surveillance are broadly pathogen-individualized, immune signaling ultimately connect to common core networks maintained by key protein hubs. Defense elicitations modulate these hubs to re-allocate energy from central metabolic pathway into processes that execute immunity. Because unregulated defenses severely decrease growth and productivity of the host, signaling regulators within the networks function to achieve cellular equilibrium once the threat is minimized. Protein modifications by post-translational processes regulate the molecular switches and crosstalks between interconnected pathways spatially and temporally. Covalent modification of host targets connected to hubs are strategies used by most virulent effectors and result in re-routing signals to suppress host defenses. Resistance is a result of activation of specialized classes of receptors that short-circuit effector activities by co-localizing via post-translational modifications (PTMs) with effector targets. Despite advancement in proteome methodologies, our understanding of how PTMs regulate plant defenses remains elusive. This review presents protein-modifications as forefront regulators of plant innate immunity.
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
authors.forename: Saikat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
authors.forename: Jewel Jameeta
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Noor
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
authors.forename: Bornali
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gohain
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
authors.forename: Hitika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gulabani
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
authors.forename: Ingole Kishor
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Dnyaneshwar
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singla
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000215:Acylation; D057056:Cysteine Proteases / Q000378:metabolism; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058207:Sumoylation; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D057056:Cysteine Proteases
keywords: NB-LRR; effectors; plant innate immunity; post-translational modifications