title: Non-ocular primary malignancies in patients with uveal melanoma: the Liverpool experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the prevalence of self-reported non-ocular primary malignancies in patients at the time of diagnosis with uveal melanoma (UM) and to describe the cohort's characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A data query for cases of UM seen at the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre between January 1993 and May 2014 was performed. Only patients who had UM with other non-ocular primary malignancies were included. Demographic and clinical data were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 5042 (2563 males, 50.8%) patients with UM were found in the database; of whom, 216 (4.3%) had at least one other primary non-ocular malignancy. Of these 216 patients, 119 were males (55.1%). Forty five males (37.8%) had been diagnosed with prostate cancer, 30 (25.2%) with unspecified skin cancers, 15 (12.6%) with colon and bowel carcinoma, eight (6.7%) with systemic lymphoma and the remaining patients with less common tumours. Of the 97 females, 45 (46.4%) had been diagnosed with breast carcinoma, 19 (19.6%) had unspecified skin cancers, seven (7.2%) renal cell carcinoma, six (6.2%) colon and bowel carcinoma, and the remaining patients had other less common tumour types. In this cohort, the frequency of the most common additional malignancy in male and female patients with UM was comparable with their prevalence in the general UK population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional primary malignancies can occur in association with UM; therefore, medical history taking in patients with UM should always include this aspect. Apart from providing demographic and clinical data in such cases, future collaborative studies, which would include germline mutational testing, may reveal relevant common patterns.
authors.affiliation: St Paul's Eye Unit, Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Florian M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-9870
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Heussen
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalirai
authors.affiliation: Ocular Oncology Service, Departments of Ophthalmology and Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Bertil E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Damato
authors.affiliation: St Paul's Eye Unit, Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heimann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000098943:Uveal Melanoma
keywords: Choroid; Ciliary body; Epidemiology; Neoplasia