title: The relationship among food addiction, negative mood, and eating-disordered behaviors in patients seeking to have bariatric surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food addiction (FA) may be related to poor weight loss outcomes; however, the literature on food addiction in bariatric surgery-seeking populations is limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of FA in a bariatric surgery-seeking population and its association with mood, problematic eating behaviors, and substance use. The relationship between prebariatric surgery food addiction screening and postsurgical outcomes was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult outpatients (n = 923) seeking bariatric surgery underwent psychological evaluation between January 2012 and May 2014. Patients were administered the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) to assess FA. Of the original sample, 195 patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Patients returned for medical follow-up at 6 (n = 169) and 12 (n = 113) months postsurgery; 26 (13%) patients at 6 months and 82 (42%) patients at 12 months were lost to follow-up or had not reached 1 year postsurgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen percent of patients met FA criteria. Patients positive for FA were more likely to endorse greater levels of depression, anxiety, binge eating episodes, nighttime eating syndrome, and low eating self-efficacy. No relationship was observed between FA and current substance use. FA did not predict postoperative outcomes including weight loss, rehospitalization, or attendance at follow-up medical appointments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FA is related to psychological distress and eating disordered behaviors among bariatric patients. However, FA was not predictive of short-term (6-12 mo) bariatric surgery outcomes. Future research should determine how FA affects long-term postoperative outcomes and mood stability.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Afton M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Koball
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collazo-Clavell
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kellogg
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: Gretchen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ebbert
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address: grothe.karen@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Karen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Grothe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000523:psychology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Food addiction