title: Computed tomography perfusion evaluation after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perfusion imaging is increasingly used for postoperative evaluation of extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery. Altered hemodynamics and delayed arrival of the contrast agent in the area fed by the bypass can influence perfusion measurement. We compared perfusion asymmetry obtained with different algorithms in EC-IC bypass surgery patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively identified all patients evaluated with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) between May 2007 and May 2011 after EC-IC bypass surgery at our institution. CTP images were analyzed with three perfusion algorithms that differ among their ability to anticipate for delayed arrival time of contrast material: the delay-sensitive first-moment mean transit time (fMTT), the semi-delay-sensitive standard singular value decomposition (sSVD) and the delay-insensitive block-circulant SVD (bSVD). The interhemispheric difference in bolus arrival time (ΔBAT) was determined to confirm altered hemodynamics. Interhemispheric asymmetry in perfusion values (mean transit time (MTT) difference, cerebral blood flow (CBF) ratio and cerebral blood volume (CBV) ratio) was compared between the three algorithms. Presence of a new infarct in the treated hemisphere was evaluated on follow-up imaging and perfusion asymmetry was compared between patients with and without infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients were included. The median interhemispheric difference in ΔBAT was 0.98 s. The median MTT difference was significantly smaller when calculated with the delay-insensitive algorithm than with the other algorithms (0.44 s versus 0.90 s and 0.93 s, p<0.01). The CBF ratio was similar for all algorithms (111.98 versus 112.59 and 112.60). The CBV ratio was similar for all algorithms (113.20 versus 111.95 and 113.97). There was a significant difference in MTT asymmetry between patients with and without infarction with the delay-insensitive algorithm only (1.57 s versus 0.38 s, p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with EC-IC bypass surgery, delay-sensitive algorithms showed larger MTT asymmetry than delay-insensitive algorithms. Furthermore, only the delay-insensitive method seems to differentiate between patients with and without infarction on follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Pieter@isi.uu.nl.
authors.forename: Pieter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Riordan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ewoud J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hugo W A M
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Zwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Birgitta K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Velthuis
authors.affiliation: Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Max A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Viergever
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dankbaar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Cerebral blood flow; Cerebral blood volume; Computed tomography perfusion; Extracranial–intracranial bypass surgery; Mean transit time