title: Perceptions of Same-Sex Relationships and Marriage as Gender Role Violations: An Examination of Gendered Expectations (Sexism).
abstract: The current study sought to add to the literature that has demonstrated a link between sexism and sexual prejudice. The study evaluated whether a community sample with an age range of 19-64 (n = 122), including 32% sexual minority participants, believe that dating, sex, and marriage with same-sex partners are perceived to be gender role violations. Results varied by participant sexual/gender identity (LGBTQ or heterosexual) and political ideology. Liberal LGBTQ persons do not see same-sex relationships as gender role violations; LGBTQ non-liberals and heterosexual liberals rated same-sex relationships as mild violations; and non-liberal heterosexuals perceive same-sex relationships as "moderate" violations. Our results suggest both positive movement in attitudes toward same-sex relationships, including same-sex marriage, and broader recognition that gender identity, gender role expression, and sexual orientation are separate and distinct components of one's overall sexual identity.
authors.affiliation: a Counseling Psychology , Lewis & Clark College , Portland , Oregon , USA.
authors.forename: Carol M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: a Counseling Psychology , Lewis & Clark College , Portland , Oregon , USA.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.affiliation: a Counseling Psychology , Lewis & Clark College , Portland , Oregon , USA.
authors.forename: Tana L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Titus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D020010:Heterosexuality / Q000502:physiology*; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D063507:Sexism; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: LGBTQ; gender atypical behaviors; gender expectations; gender role violations; homophobia; sexism; sexual prejudice