title: Effect of anapanasati meditation technique through electrophotonic imaging parameters: A pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mindfulness along with breathing is a well-established meditation technique. Breathing is an exquisite tool for exploring subtle awareness of mind and life itself.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at measuring changes in the different parameters of electrophotonic imaging (EPI) in anapanasati meditators.
  
  
  METHODS
  To carry out this study, 51 subjects comprising 32 males and 19 females of age 18 years and above (mean age 45.64 ± 14.43) were recruited voluntarily with informed consent attending Karnataka Dhyana Mahachakra-1 at Pyramid Valley International, Bengaluru, India. The design was a single group pre- post and data collected by EPI device before and after 5 days of intensive meditation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show significant changes in EPI parameter integral area with filter (physiological) in both right and left side, which reflects the availability of high functional energy reserve in meditators. The researchers observed similar trends without filter (psycho-physiological) indicating high reserves of energy at psycho-physiological level also. Activation coefficient, another parameter of EPI, reduced showing more relaxed state than earlier, possibly due to parasympathetic dominance. Integral entropy decreased in the case of psycho-physiological parameters left-side without filter, which indicates less disorder after meditation, but these changes were not significant. The study showed a reversed change in integral entropy in the right side without filter; however, the values on both sides with filter increased, which indicates disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that EPI can be used in the recording functional physiological and psychophysiological status of meditators at a subtle level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenergy, Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Guru
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deo
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenergy, Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itagi R
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenergy, Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thaiyar M
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenergy, Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kushwah K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kuldeep
keywords: Anapanasati meditation; electrophotonic imaging technique; gas discharge visualization; stress and health