title: Origin of inorganic and organic components of PM2.5 in subway stations of Barcelona, Spain.
abstract: The present work assesses indoor air quality in stations of the Barcelona subway system. PM2.5 concentrations on the platforms of 4 subway stations were measured during two different seasons and the chemical composition was determined. A Positive Matrix Factorization analysis was performed to identify and quantify the contributions of major PM2.5 sources in the subway stations. Mean PM2.5 concentrations varied according to the stations design and seasonal periods. PM2.5 was composed of haematite, carbonaceous aerosol, crustal matter, secondary inorganic compounds, trace elements, insoluble sulphate and halite. Organic compounds such as PAHs, nicotine, levoglucosan and aromatic musk compounds were also identified. Subway PM2.5 source comprised emissions from rails, wheels, catenaries, brake pads and pantographs. The subway source showed different chemical profiles for each station, but was always dominated by Fe. Control actions on the source are important for the achievement of better air quality in the subway environment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: vania.ferreira@idaea.csic.es.
authors.forename: Vânia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: María Cruz
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Minguillón
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Barend L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: van Drooge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reche
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.affiliation: Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona, TMB Santa Eulàlia, Av. Del Metro s/n L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08902, Spain.
authors.forename: Eladio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Miguel
authors.affiliation: Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona, TMB Santa Eulàlia, Av. Del Metro s/n L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08902, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capdevila
authors.affiliation: Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona, TMB Santa Eulàlia, Av. Del Metro s/n L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08902, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Centelles
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Querol
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011890:Railroads; D012621:Seasons; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Chemical composition; Fe; Indoor air quality; PM(2.5); PMF; Subway