title: A light-emitting diode (LED)-based multispectral imaging system in evaluating retinal vein occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retinal vein occlusion (RVO), the second most common retinal vascular disorder worldwide, is considered to be a critical cause of visual loss. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of eyes with RVO using a light-emitting diode (LED)-based multispectral imaging (MSI) system and to compare its performance in terms of reliability and diagnostic power with those of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fundus photography (FP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six eyes of 28 patients with RVO disease were evaluated by MSI, FP, FFA, and spectral domain OCT. All images were analyzed by an experienced reading center grader. Nonperfusion area, occlusion area, and intraretinal edema from occlusions and FP abnormalities (presence of cotton-wool spots, epiretinal membrane, hard exudates, and retinal hemorrhage) were documented. The diagnostic power of MSI was evaluated by the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 56 eyes, 15 had branch RVO (BRVO), 13 had central RVO (CRVO), and 28 were normal. The ROC curve analysis showed that MSI was a better discriminator of RVO than FP (AUC = 0.911 vs. 0.768, P = 0.0318). The sensitivity (and 95% confidence intervals) of MSI for nonperfusion area was 42.3% (18.8-70.4), 80.0% (51.4-94.7) for retinal hemorrhage, 90.0% (54.1-99.5) for cotton-wool spots, 90.9% (57.1-99.5) for hard exudates, and 21.1% (7.0-46.1) for intraretinal edema. MSI was capable of finding abnormalities such as nonperfusion area, retinal hemorrhage, cotton-wool spots, hard exudates, and epiretinal membrane. MSI oxy-deoxy maps showed low oxygen levels in the affected vein, especially in CRVOs, and could be used in detecting the nonperfusion area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSI reveals highly defined vascular abnormalities in shortwave images and oxy-deoxy maps, which is compatible with FP, FFA, and OCT findings and indicates, preliminarily, the advantages of the noninvasiveness, simplicity, and effectiveness of MSI in evaluating RVO diseases. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:549-558, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yupeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: branch retinal vein occlusion; central retinal vein occlusion; optical imaging; spectroscopy