title: Curcumin Protects β-Lactoglobulin Fibril Formation and Fibril-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells.
abstract: In this study the β-lactoglobulin fibrillation, in the presence or absence of lead ions, aflatoxin M1 and curcumin, was evaluated using ThT fluorescence, Circular dichroism spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. To investigate the toxicity of the different form of β-Lg fibrils, in the presence or absence of above toxins and curcumin, we monitored changes in the level of reactive oxygen species and morphology of the differentiated neuron-like PC12 cells. The cell viability, cell body area, average neurite length, neurite width, number of primary neurites, percent of bipolar cells and node/primary neurite ratios were used to assess the growth and complexity of PC12 cells exposed to different form of β-Lg fibrils. Incubation of β-Lg with curcumin resulted in a significant decrease in ROS levels even in the presence of lead ions and aflatoxin M1. The β-Lg fibrils formed in the presence of lead ions and aflatoxin M1 attenuated the growth and complexity of PC12 cells compared with other form of β-Lg fibrils. However, the adverse effects of these toxins and protein fibrils were negated in the presence of curcumin. Furthermore, the antioxidant and inhibitory effects of curcumin protected PC12 cells against fibril neurotoxicity and enhanced their survival. Thus, curcumin may provide a protective effect toward β-Lg, and perhaps other protein, fibrils mediated neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Standard Research Institute, Food Department, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansooreh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazaheri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moosavi-Movahedi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Saboury
authors.affiliation: Neuro Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khodagholi
authors.affiliation: Neuro Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shaerzadeh
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheibani
mesh_terms: D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002417:Cattle; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000066829:Neuroprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013844:Thiazoles; C009462:thioflavin T; D007854:Lead; D016607:Aflatoxin M1; D003474:Curcumin