title: Indoor Air Quality in Urban and Rural Preschools in Upper Silesia, Poland: Particulate Matter and Carbon Dioxide.
abstract: Indoor air quality (IAQ) in preschools is an important public health challenge. Particular attention should be paid to younger children, because they are more vulnerable to air pollution than higher grade children and because they spend more time indoors. Among air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is of the greatest interest mainly due to its acute and chronic effects on children's health. In addition, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels indicate ventilation conditions. In this paper, we present the concentrations of PM (PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and total-TSP) and CO2 monitored in four naturally ventilated nursery schools located in the area of Gliwice, Poland. The nursery schools were selected to characterize areas with different degrees of urbanization and traffic densities during the winter season. The results indicate the problem of elevated concentrations of PM inside the examined classrooms, as well as that of high levels of CO2 exceeding 1000 ppm in relation to outdoor air. The characteristics of IAQ were significantly different, both in terms of classroom occupation (younger or older children) and of localization (urban or rural). To evaluate the children's exposure to poor IAQ, indicators based on air quality guidelines were proposed to rank classrooms according to their hazard on the health of children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Air Protection, Silesian University of Technology, 22B Konarskiego St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland. Anna.Mainka@polsl.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mainka
authors.affiliation: Department of Air Protection, Silesian University of Technology, 22B Konarskiego St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland. Elwira.Zajusz-Zubek@polsl.pl.
authors.forename: Elwira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zajusz-Zubek
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D000067576:Child Health; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D012424:Rural Population; D012574:Schools; D012621:Seasons; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: carbon dioxide; children; indoor air quality; particulate matter