title: Smartphone dongle for simultaneous measurement of hemoglobin concentration and detection of HIV antibodies.
abstract: It is traditionally difficult to incorporate two classes of diagnostic tests into a single platform. In this work, we demonstrate a microfluidic-based smartphone dongle that simultaneously measures concentration of hemoglobin and detects HIV antibodies. Specifically, we demonstrate how a previously published immunoassay device, which measured optical density of silver precipitation on gold colloids, can be expanded to quantitatively measure hemoglobin concentration via a colorimetric assay. By lysing whole blood components with CHAPS detergent, we achieved highly reproducible measurement of hemoglobin concentration with the device. We tested this dual test on 38 patient samples from Columbia University Medical Center. Compared with the Hemocue Hb 201+ analyzer, hemoglobin concentrations from our device were accurate within 1.2 g dL(-1), while the HIV immunoassay (in the presence of CHAPS detergent) showed 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity, comparable to our previous studies. This work demonstrates the feasibility of integrating two classes of diagnostic tests (a colorimetric-based quantitative measurement and an immunoassay based on silver precipitation on gold colloids) into a low-cost, fast, and low-power dongle that works with smartphones, and creates a novel dual panel with clinical utility for antenatal-care settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA. ss2735@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ritish
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patnaik
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
authors.forename: Alex J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Samuel K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sia
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016014:Linear Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000068997:Smartphone
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D006454:Hemoglobins