title: Short communication: characterization of soluble thiols in bovine milk.
abstract: Antioxidants are molecules essential for the maintenance of cell homeostasis and their intake through the diet has positive effects on human health. Among antioxidants, low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols represent an important class of compounds. The aim of this study was to identify LMW thiols in bovine milk. A total of 96 individual milk samples from Brown Swiss, Holstein-Friesian, Alpine Grey, and Simmental cattle breeds were collected in 8 herds. The LMW thiols were extracted from the soluble fraction of milk and, following a derivatization protocol, they were separated by reverse phase HPLC and detected fluorimetrically. Six thiol species were detected and 2, glutathione (GSH) and cysteine-glycine (Cys-Gly), were identified and quantified. Regardless of the breed, the average concentration of Cys-Gly in milk was greater than that of GSH. Overall, milk from dual-purpose breeds (Simmental and Alpine Grey) was richer in LMW thiols than milk from dairy cows (Holstein-Friesian and Brown Swiss). Glutathione and Cys-Gly, closely linked metabolically, were strongly correlated. Pearson correlations of Cys-Gly with protein and casein contents were moderately low, and no relationship was found between GSH and milk chemical composition. Future research should focus on the identification of all detected LMW thiol species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niero
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Marchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy. Electronic address: mauro.penasa@unipd.it.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cassandro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001947:Breeding; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D003545:Cysteine / Q000032:analysis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D005998:Glycine / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002364:Caseins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014508:Urea; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine; D005998:Glycine
keywords: antioxidant; cattle breed; milk; thiol