title: The development of a prototype measure of the co-production of health in routine consultations for people with long-term conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (i) To develop a prototype measure of co-production of health (CPH) in consultations for people with long-term conditions (LTCs); and (ii) to undertake initial validation of it, using a measure of patient-centred care, as defined by the Roter interaction analysis system (RIAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed methods were applied. A qualitative study gathered 11 experts' views on what comprised CPH behaviours. These were operationalised and a prototype measure applied to a convenience sample of 50 video-recorded consultations involving clinicians trained in self-management support and patients with LTCs at health services in six UK locations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two CPH behaviours were identified. High frequencies of CPH behaviours in consultations were associated with greater patient-centeredness, less clinician verbal dominance, and more patient communication control in comparison to consultations where CPH behaviours were less frequent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the CPH tool is promising, further testing is required in order to improve reliability and validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the future, the measure could be used to test interventions to promote patient participation in decision making about self-management.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK. Electronic address: A.X.Realpe@warwick.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alba X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Realpe
authors.affiliation: Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kidd
keywords: Clinician-patient communication; Co-production; Healthcare communication; Interaction analysis; Long-term conditions; Patient engagement; Primary care; Self-management