title: Research Progress of Moyamoya Disease in Children.
abstract: During the onset of Moyamoya disease (MMD), progressive occlusion occurs at the end of the intracranial internal carotid artery, and compensatory net-like abnormal vessels develop in the skull base, generating the corresponding clinical symptoms. MMD can affect both children and adults, but MMD in pediatric patients exhibits distinct clinical features, and the treatment prognoses are different from adult patients. Children are the group at highest risk for MMD. In children, the disease mainly manifests as ischemia, while bleeding is the primary symptom in adults. The pathogenesis of MMD in children is still unknown, and some factors are distinct from those in adults. MMD in children could result in progressive, irreversible nerve functional impairment, and an earlier the onset corresponds to a worse prognosis. Therefore, active treatment at an early stage is highly recommended. The treatment methods for MMD in children mainly include indirect and direct surgeries. Indirect surgeries mainly include multiple burr-hole surgery (MBHS), encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS), and encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS); direct surgeries mainly include intra- and extracranial vascular reconstructions that primarily consist of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis. Indirect surgery, as a treatment for MMD in children, has shown a certain level of efficacy. However, a standard treatment approach should combine both indirect and direct procedures. Compared to MMD in adults, the treatment and prognosis of MMD in children has higher clinical significance. If the treatment is adequate, a satisfactory outcome is often achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhongxi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jinlu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization; D002648:Child; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D012106:Research
keywords: Children; Moyamoya disease; prognosis; surgical treatment