title: Diabetes IN develOpment (DINO): the bio-psychosocial, family functioning and parental well-being of youth with type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal cohort study design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strict glycemic control during adolescence decreases the risk of developing complications later in life, even if this level of control is not maintained afterwards. However, the majority of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are in poor control and so far medical or psychological interventions have shown limited success. Adolescence is characterized by major biological, psychosocial, cognitive and parent-child relationship changes and the complex interaction between these developmental trajectories, and its impact on health outcomes is still poorly understood. A specific topic of interest in this context is the timing of diagnosis. The longitudinal study DINO (Diabetes IN develOpment) aims to examine: 1) If and how the onset of T1D before vs. during puberty results in different outcomes of glycemic control, self-management, psychological functioning and diabetes-related quality of life. 2) The timing of onset of disturbed eating behavior, its risk factors and its prospective course in relation to glycemic and psychological consequences. 3) If and how the onset of T1D before vs. during puberty results in different family functioning and parental well-being. 4) If and how the cognitive development of youth with T1D relates to glycemic control and diabetes self-management.
  
  
  METHODS
  DINO, a longitudinal multi-center cohort study is conducted in youth with T1D in the age range 8-15 years at baseline. Participants will be divided into two subgroups: pre-pubertal and pubertal. Both groups will be followed for 3 years with assessments based on a bio-psychosocial model of diabetes, scheduled at baseline, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months examining the biological, psychosocial -including disturbed eating behaviors- and cognitive development, family functioning and parental well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A better understanding of how the different trajectories affect one another will help to gain insight in the protective and risk factors for glycemic outcomes and in who needs which support at what moment in time. First results are expected in 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelenlaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.eilander@vumc.nl.|EMGO+Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.eilander@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Minke M A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Eilander
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelenlaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.dewit@vumc.nl.|EMGO+Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.dewit@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Maartje
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.affiliation: EMGO+Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.rotteveel@vumc.nl.|Department of Pediatrics, VU Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.rotteveel@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rotteveel
authors.affiliation: Diabeter, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Blaak 6, 3011, TA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.aanstoot@diabeter.nl.
authors.forename: Henk Jan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aanstoot
authors.affiliation: Department Pediatrics, University Hospital of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. w.m.van.waarde@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Willie M Bakker-van
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Waarde
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Haga Hospital Juliana Children's Hospital, Sportlaan 600, 2566, MJ, the Hague, The Netherlands. m.houdijk@hagaziekenhuis.nl.
authors.forename: Euphemia C A M
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Houdijk
authors.affiliation: Department Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.luman@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Centre, Maatweg 3, 3813, TZ, Amersfoort, The Netherlands. r.nuboer@meandermc.nl.
authors.forename: Roos
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nuboer
authors.affiliation: Department Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.oosterlaan@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oosterlaan
authors.affiliation: Diabeter, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research, Blaak 6, 3011, TA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. p.winterdijk@diabeter.nl.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winterdijk
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelenlaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. fj.snoek@vumc.nl.|EMGO+Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. fj.snoek@vumc.nl.|Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1100, DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. fj.snoek@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Snoek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D017668:Age of Onset; D003071:Cognition; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011627:Puberty; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin