title: A corpora allata farnesyl diphosphate synthase in mosquitoes displaying a metal ion dependent substrate specificity.
abstract: Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is a key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis, it catalyzes the head-to-tail condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) with two molecules of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to generate farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), a precursor of juvenile hormone (JH). In this study, we functionally characterized an Aedes aegypti FPPS (AaFPPS) expressed in the corpora allata. AaFPPS is the only FPPS gene present in the genome of the yellow fever mosquito, it encodes a 49.6 kDa protein exhibiting all the characteristic conserved sequence domains on prenyltransferases. AaFPPS displays its activity in the presence of metal cofactors; and the product condensation is dependent of the divalent cation. Mg(2+) ions lead to the production of FPP, while the presence of Co(2+) ions lead to geranyl diphosphate (GPP) production. In the presence of Mg(2+) the AaFPPS affinity for allylic substrates is GPP > DMAPP > IPP. These results suggest that AaFPPS displays "catalytic promiscuity", changing the type and ratio of products released (GPP or FPP) depending on allylic substrate concentrations and the presence of different metal cofactors. This metal ion-dependent regulatory mechanism allows a single enzyme to selectively control the metabolites it produces, thus potentially altering the flow of carbon into separate metabolic pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
authors.forename: Crisalejandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivera-Perez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
authors.forename: Pratik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nyati
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. Electronic address: noriegaf@fiu.edu.
authors.forename: Fernando G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Noriega
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000201:enzymology*; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D003035:Cobalt; D003335:Corpora Allata / Q000378:metabolism; D051228:Geranyltranstransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium; D010802:Phylogeny; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D003035:Cobalt; D051228:Geranyltranstransferase; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Farnesyl diphosphate synthase; Juvenile hormone; Metal dependence; Mosquito; Prenyltranferases; Substrate specificity