title: Role of SOCS3 in the Jak/stat3 pathway in the human placenta: different mechanisms for preterm and term labor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To identify changes in interleukin (IL)-6 levels and its pathway (Jak/stat3) in the human placenta during preterm and term labor, placental tissues were collected from primiparous women who underwent vaginal deliveries or cesarean sections in our hospital. The women were divided into three groups: preterm labor (n = 15), term labor (n = 15), and term not in labor (n = 15).
  
  
  METHODS
  IL-6 levels were detected by ELISA in placental supernatant, and p-STAT3 and SOCS3 protein was detected by Western blot. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis in trophoblasts. HTR-8/SVneo cells were cultured after stimulation with IL-6, and we measured p-STAT3, SOCS3, and the rate of apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of p-STAT3 and SOCS3 in the placenta and trophoblast cells showed that IL-6 levels were highest in the preterm labor group and lowest in the term not in labor group. The highest expression of placental SOCS3 protein was observed in the preterm labor group. More apoptotic cells were found in the preterm labor group than in the other two groups by TUNEL. SOCS3 and p-STAT3 expression was significantly upregulated after stimulation by IL-6 in trophoblast cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, p-STAT3 was significantly decreased after 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL IL-6 for 72 h. A significant increase of apoptosis was observed with treatment of 50 ng/mL IL-6 in HTR-8/SVneo cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The role of the SOCS3 protein in the Jak/stat3 pathway is to mediate different mechanisms for preterm and term labor processes in the placenta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Ziyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yanfen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Lizhou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000502:physiology*; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D053612:Janus Kinases
keywords: Interleukin-6; Jak/stat3 pathway; inflammation; placenta; preterm labor; term labor