title: Fast and sensitive method to determine parabens by capillary electrophoresis using automatic reverse electrode polarity stacking mode: application to hair samples.
abstract: This paper describes a fast and sensitive method for the determination of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butylparaben in hair samples by capillary electrophoresis using automatic reverse electrode polarity stacking mode. In the proposed method, solutions are injected using the flush command of the analysis software (940 mbar) and the polarity switching is carried out automatically immediately after the sample injection. The advantages compared with conventional stacking methods are the increased analytical frequency, repeatability, and inter-day precision. All analyses were performed in a fused silica capillary (50 cm, 41.5 cm in effective length, 50 μm i.d.), and the background electrolyte was composed of 20 mmol L(-1) sodium tetraborate in 10 % of methanol, pH 9.3. For the reverse polarity, -25 kV/35 s was applied followed by application of +30 kV for the electrophoretic run. Temperature was set at 20 °C, and all analytes were monitored at 297 nm. The method showed acceptable linearity (r (2) > 0.997) in the studied range of 0.1-5.0 mg L(-1), limits of detection below 0.017 mg L(-1), and inter-day, intra-day, and instrumental precision better than 6.2, 3.6, and 4.6 %, respectively. Considering parabens is widely used as a preservative in many products and the reported possibility of damage to the hair and also to human health caused by these compounds, the proposed method was applied to evaluate the adsorption of parabens in hair samples. The results indicate that there is a greater adsorption of methylparaben compared to the other parabens tested and also dyed hairs had a greater adsorption capacity for parabens than natural hairs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alysson V F
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Sako
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maressa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dolzan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. gustavo.micke@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Gustavo Amadeu
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Micke
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001331:Automation; D004566:Electrodes; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010226:Parabens / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010226:Parabens
keywords: Capillary electrophoresis; Hair; Parabens; Sensitive method; Stacking