title: Spanish and Chilean Standardizations of the Personality Assessment Inventory: the Influence of Sex.
abstract: There is growing interest in the adaptation of psychological questionnaires in different countries, due to the need for cross-cultural research using the same tests adapted to diverse populations. This paper presents the standardization of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991, 2007) in Spain and Chile (both Spanish-speaking countries). The Spanish sample was made up of 940 people (461 men and 479 women), and the Chilean sample of 569 people (231 men and 338 women). Results revealed that the Chilean means were higher than those of the Spanish sample at confidence level 99.9%, although the associated effect sizes were generally small to moderate (partial eta-square between 0.008 and 0.187). Sex differences in the variables evaluated were commented on, and the importance of cross-cultural research and the influence of sex on personality and psychopathology variables were discussed.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Málaga (Spain).
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Tallo
authors.affiliation: Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain).
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cardenal
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Málaga (Spain).
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferragut
authors.affiliation: TEA Ediciones (Spain).
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santamaría
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002677:Chile; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000592:standards*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain
keywords: Personality Assessment Inventory; cross-cultural studies; questionnaire adaptation; sex differences