title: Sun Protection Belief Clusters: Analysis of Amazon Mechanical Turk Data.
abstract: This study aimed (i) to determine whether people could be differentiated on the basis of their sun protection belief profiles and individual characteristics and (ii) explore the use of a crowdsourcing web service for the assessment of sun protection beliefs. A sample of 500 adults completed an online survey of sun protection belief items using Amazon Mechanical Turk. A two-phased cluster analysis (i.e., hierarchical and non-hierarchical K-means) was utilized to determine clusters of sun protection barriers and facilitators. Results yielded three distinct clusters of sun protection barriers and three distinct clusters of sun protection facilitators. Significant associations between gender, age, sun sensitivity, and cluster membership were identified. Results also showed an association between barrier and facilitator cluster membership. The results of this study provided a potential alternative approach to developing future sun protection promotion initiatives in the population. Findings add to our knowledge regarding individuals who support, oppose, or are ambivalent toward sun protection and inform intervention research by identifying distinct subtypes that may best benefit from (or have a higher need for) skin cancer prevention efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Medical Institute, 1425 Madison Ave, Suite 3-50, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY, 10029, USA. marimer.santiago-rivas@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Marimer
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3049-0886
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santiago-Rivas
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Medical Institute, 1425 Madison Ave, Suite 3-50, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Julie B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schnur
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Medical Institute, 1425 Madison Ave, Suite 3-50, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jandorf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D063045:Crowdsourcing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D013471:Sunburn / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents
keywords: Health behaviors; Health beliefs; Internet; Skin cancer prevention