title: Chebulagic acid inhibits the LPS-induced expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in endothelial cells by suppressing MAPK activation.
abstract: Inflammatory response in the vasculature, including the overexpression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, has been demonstrated to increase the risk of thrombosis development. Chebulagic acid (CA) is a key chemical component in the traditional Mongolian anti-thrombotic drug Garidi-13, and has been suggested to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the regulatory impact of CA on a number of biological processes, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, LPS-promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)4 in EA.hy926 human endothelial cells. The results indicated that CA significantly inhibited the LPS-induced upregulation of TNF-α and IL-1β in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, LPS-activated MAPK signaling was inhibited by CA treatment in the EA.hy926 cells. However, TLR4, which serves a key function in LPS-induced inflammation as the receptor of LPS, was not regulated by the CA treatment. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that CA inhibits the LPS-induced promotion of TNF-α and IL-1β in endothelial cells by suppressing MAPK activation, which may contribute to the anti-thrombotic effect of Garidi-13.
authors.affiliation: Teaching and Research Section of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yueying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Teaching and Research Section of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Luer
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Teaching and Research Section of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.affiliation: Teaching and Research Section of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Baohua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Teaching and Research Section of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Teaching and Research Section of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
keywords: chebulagic acid; endothelial cells; interleukin-1β; tumor necrosis factor-α