title: Tuning and Persistent Switching of Graphene Plasmons on a Ferroelectric Substrate.
abstract: We characterized plasmon propagation in graphene on thin films of the high-κ dielectric PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3 (PZT). Significant modulation (up to ±75%) of the plasmon wavelength was achieved with application of ultrasmall voltages (< ±1 V) across PZT. Analysis of the observed plasmonic fringes at the graphene edge indicates that carriers in graphene on PZT behave as noninteracting Dirac Fermions approximated by a semiclassical Drude response, which may be attributed to strong dielectric screening at the graphene/PZT interface. Additionally, significant plasmon scattering occurs at the grain boundaries of PZT from topographic and/or polarization induced graphene conductivity variation in the interior of graphene, reducing the overall plasmon propagation length. Lastly, through application of 2 V across PZT, we demonstrate the capability to persistently modify the plasmonic response of graphene through transient voltage application.
authors.affiliation: †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Goldflam
authors.affiliation: †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.|‡Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546.|$Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542.
authors.forename: Guang-Xin
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Kirk W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Post
authors.affiliation: †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: $Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: $Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542.
authors.forename: Jun You
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.|‡Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546.
authors.forename: Aleksandr S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rodin
authors.affiliation: †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chapler
authors.affiliation: ‡Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546.|$Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542.
authors.forename: Barbaros
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Özyilmaz
authors.affiliation: ‡Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546.
authors.forename: Antonio H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Castro Neto
authors.affiliation: †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fogler
authors.affiliation: †Physics Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Basov
keywords: PZT; ferroelectric; graphene; near-field microscopy; plasmonics; s-SNOM