title: Adaptive Optics Imaging of Retinal Photoreceptors Overlying Lesions in White Dot Syndrome and its Functional Correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify retinal photoreceptor density using adaptive optics (AO) imaging and correlate it with retinal tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and retinal sensitivity overlying lesions in various white dot syndromes (WDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  setting: Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five lesions of WDS from 12 patients (19 eyes; mean age: 54.4 ± 15.8 years; 9 female) were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Macular lesions (≤3 regions of interest/eye), at 2 fixed eccentric loci, were imaged using AO, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence. In this study, lesions were defined as active if there was presence of hyperautofluorescence within the lesions. Photoreceptor density was calculated after manual correction and adjustment for axial length. Retinal sensitivity was assessed using microperimetry and correlated with photoreceptor density using Spearman rank correlation test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean retinal sensitivity and photoreceptor density at the WDS lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean photoreceptor density was 7331 ± 4628 cones/mm(2) overlying 16 active lesions and 6546 ± 3775 cones/mm(2) overlying 19 inactive lesions (P = .896). Mean retinal sensitivity (9.37 ± 5.34 dB) showed modest correlation with photoreceptor density (ρ = 0.42, P = .03). Retinal sensitivity over lesions with intact inner segment-outer segment (IS-OS) junction was 13.35 ± 3.75 dB and 6.33 ± 4.31 dB over lesions with disrupted IS-OS junction (P = .005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AO imaging may allow high-resolution analysis of photoreceptor loss among lesions in WDS. Such microstructural changes may correlate with functional loss.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Aniruddha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Mohamed Kamel
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanout
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sadiq
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Loren S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Diana V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Quan Dong
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center (OIRRC), Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. Electronic address: yjs@oirrc.net.
authors.forename: Yasir J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Sepah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002452:Cell Count; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D058609:Visual Field Tests