title: Exposure to Bisphenol A and Phthalates during Pregnancy and Ultrasound Measures of Fetal Growth in the INMA-Sabadell Cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates may affect fetal growth; however, previous findings are inconsistent and based on few studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether prenatal exposure to BPA and phthalates was associated with fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort of 488 mother-child pairs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured BPA and eight phthalates [four di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (DEHPm), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), and three low-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites (LMWPm)] in two spot-urine samples collected during the first and third trimester of pregnancy. We estimated growth curves for femur length (FL), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) during pregnancy (weeks 12-20 and 20-34), and for birth weight, birth length, head circumference at birth, and placental weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, results did not support associations of exposure to BPA or DEHPm during pregnancy with fetal growth parameters. Prenatal MBzP exposure was positively associated with FL at 20-34 weeks, resulting in an increase of 3.70% of the average FL (95% CI: 0.75, 6.63%) per doubling of MBzP concentration. MBzP was positively associated with birth weight among boys (48 g; 95% CI: 6, 90) but not in girls (-27 g; 95% CI: -79, 25) (interaction p-value = 0.04). The LMWPm mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) was negatively associated with HC at 12-20 pregnancy weeks [-4.88% of HC average (95% CI: -8.36, -1.36%)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, one of the first to combine repeat exposure biomarker measurements and multiple growth measures during pregnancy, finds little evidence of associations of BPA or phthalate exposures with fetal growth. Phthalate metabolites MBzP and MnBP were associated with some fetal growth parameters, but these findings require replication.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Casas M, Valvi D, Ballesteros-Gomez A, Gascon M, Fernández MF, Garcia-Esteban R, Iñiguez C, Martínez D, Murcia M, Monfort N, Luque N, Rubio S, Ventura R, Sunyer J, Vrijheid M. 2016. Exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates during pregnancy and ultrasound measures of fetal growth in the INMA-Sabadell cohort. Environ Health Perspect 124:521-528; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409190.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.forename: Damaskini
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valvi
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballesteros-Gomez
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gascon
authors.forename: Mariana F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia-Esteban
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iñiguez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murcia
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Monfort
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luque
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunyer
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vrijheid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D001724:Birth Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds