title: Mammary ductoscopy and follow-up avoid unnecessary duct excision in patients with pathologic nipple discharge.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ductoscopy and follow-up for the diagnoses of intraductal lesions and the concomitant advantages of avoiding surgery for patients with pathologic nipple discharge (PND).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixty-six ductoscopies were performed for 238 women. Patients with positive ductoscopies underwent surgery. If no positive lesions were present upon ductoscopy, the women were followed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 266 ductoscopic examinations, 168 (63.2%, 168/266) breasts from 165 patients were found to have positive images. The final histopathological results revealed that 93 patients with intraductal papilloma, 42 with intraductal papillomatosis, 15 with ADH lesions, DCIS in 9 patients, 1 case with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), 6 cases with duct ectasia, and 2 cases with inflammation. Seventy-three patients with negative results upon ductoscopy were followed with a median time of 48 months. Twelve patients had PND recurrence and were diagnosed as papilloma or papillomatosis based on pathology after surgery. PND disappeared for 51 patients after ductoscopy, and no recurrence or disease evolvement was founded for them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ductoscopy and follow-up were advantageous for selecting patients to undergo surgery or surveillance. The recurrence of PND after ductoscopy might be a strong predictor for having intraductal disease.
authors.affiliation: Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Giagia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Siyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Houpu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002681:China; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000473:pathology*; D018300:Papilloma, Intraductal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures
keywords: duct excision; ductoscopy; mammary; nipple discharge