title: Teaching of diagnostic skills in equine gynecology: simulator-based training versus schooling on live horses.
abstract: Transrectal palpation and ultrasonography of the genital tract in mares are first-day skills for equine veterinarians. In this study, the learning outcome in equine gynecology after four times training on horses (group H4, n = 8), training on horses once (group H1, n = 9), and four times simulator-based training (group Sim, n = 8) was assessed in third-year veterinary students with two tests in live mares 14 days apart. The students of group H4 always scored better for transrectal palpation than students of group Sim and H1 (P < 0.05). Overall, the students reached better results for palpating the left versus the right ovary (P < 0.001), but group H1 students were least successful in obtaining correct ovarian findings (P < 0.05 vs. both other groups). Students' self-assessment reflected test results with palpation of the right ovary experienced as most difficult for group H1 students (P < 0.01 vs. both other groups). Groups did not score differentially for ultrasound examinations. Sim students were nearly as successful in transrectal palpation of the genital tract in mares as H4 students, and for most parameters assessed, they performed better than H1 students. After training four times on horses, students scored best but nevertheless the overall effect of intensive training was limited. Repeated simulator-based training is a useful tool to prepare veterinary students for transrectal palpation of the genital tract in mares and is more effective than one training session on horses.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Sciences, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: christina.nagel@vetmeduni.ac.at.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.affiliation: Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Natascha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ille
authors.affiliation: Section for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aurich
authors.affiliation: Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aurich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D004520:Education, Veterinary / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female; D006736:Horses; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000662:veterinary; D000066908:Simulation Training; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014730:Veterinary Medicine
keywords: Equine; Gynecologic examination; Learning outcome; Simulator-based training