title: Degalactosylated/Desialylated Bovine Colostrum Induces Macrophage Phagocytic Activity Independently of Inflammatory Cytokine Production.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colostrum contains antibodies, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and, therefore, has potent immunomodulating activity. In particular, IgA has an O-linked sugar chain similar to that in the group-specific component (Gc) protein, a precursor of the Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF). In the present study, we investigated the macrophage-activating effects of degalactosylated/desialylated bovine colostrum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected the positive band in degalactosylated/ desialylated bovine colostrum by western blotting using Helix pomatia agglutinin lectin. We also found that degalactosylated/ desialylated bovine colostrum could significantly enhance the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and of intestinal macrophages in vivo. Besides, degalactosylated/desialylated bovine colostrum did not mediate the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar to the use of GcMAF, degalactosylated/desialylated bovine colostrum can be used as a potential macrophage activator for various immunotherapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan uto.yoshihiro@tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisatsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuchiike
authors.affiliation: Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan Kobe Saisei Mirai Clinic, Kobe, Japan Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.affiliation: Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mette
authors.affiliation: Kohkan Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.affiliation: Kohkan Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Kohkan Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiteru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Go
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oosaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003126:Colostrum / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D056747:Immunomodulation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D037102:Lectins / Q000276:immunology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C038095:Helix lectin; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D037102:Lectins; D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein; C101908:vitamin D-binding protein-macrophage activating factor
keywords: GcMAF; degalactosylated/desialylated bovine colostrum; macrophage phagocytic activity; mouse intestinal macrophage; mouse peritoneal macrophage