title: Paecilomycies japonica reduces repeated nicotine-induced neuronal and behavioral activation in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have demonstrated that repeated injections of nicotine can produce progressive increases in locomotor activity and enhanced expression of c-fos and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in brain dopaminergic areas. Paecilomyces japonica (PJ) is a herbal medicine that is commonly used to treat opiate and other addictions in Eastern Asia. However, its influence on nicotine addiction has not been examined. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of PJ on repeated nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization of locomotor activity and c-Fos and TH expression in the rat brain using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were pretreated with PJ (10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 30 min before repeated injections of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneously, twice daily for 7 days). Locomotor activity was measured in rats during 7-day nicotine treatments. On the seventh day, c-Fos and TH expression were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with PJ decreased the development of nicotine-induced sensitization, c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, and TH expression in the ventral tegmental area. PJ decreased nicotine-induced locomotor activity by modulating brain dopaminergic systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that PJ may be a useful agent for preventing and treating nicotine addiction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 KyungHee-daero, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea. jh486ms22@naver.com.
authors.forename: Minsook
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 KyungHee-daero, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea. JesusDependent@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyunju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea. hbae@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyunsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 KyungHee-daero, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea. dhhahm@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dae-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hahm
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 KyungHee-daero, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea. hjlee@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hye-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 KyungHee-daero, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea. ishim@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Insop
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010143:Paecilomyces / Q000737:chemistry*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000378:metabolism*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D009538:Nicotine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase