title: Cross-Validation of Single-Stage Treadmill Tests for Predicting Aerobic Fitness in Adolescents with Type I Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determining fitness is important when assessing adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Submaximal tests estimate fitness, but none have been validated in this population. This study cross-validates the Ebbeling and Nemeth equations to predict fitness (VO2max (ml/kg/min)) in adolescents with T1DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents with T1DM (n = 20) completed a maximal treadmill test using indirect calorimetry. Participants completed one 4-min stage between 2.0 and 4.5 mph and 5% grade (Ebbeling/Nemeth protocol). Speed and grade were then increased until exhaustion. Predicted VO2max was calculated using the Ebbeling and Nemeth equations and compared with observed VO2max using paired t tests. Pearson correlation coefficients, 95% confidence intervals, coefficients of determination (R²), and total error (TE) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean observed VO2max was 47.0 ml/kg/min (SD = 6.9); the Ebbeling and Nemeth mean predictions were 42.4 (SD = 9.4) and 43.5 ml/kg/min (SD = 6.9), respectively. Paired t tests resulted in statistically significant (p < .01) mean differences between observed and predicted VO2max for both predictions. The association between the Ebbeling prediction and observed VO2max was r = .90 (95% CI = 0.76, 0.96), R² = .81, and TE = 6.5 ml/kg/ min. The association between the Nemeth prediction and observed VO2max was r = .81 (95% CI = 0.57, 0.92), R² = .66, and TE = 5.6 ml/kg/min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Nemeth submaximal treadmill protocol provides a better estimate of fitness than the Ebbeling in adolescents with T1DM.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
authors.forename: Shelby Lane
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singhvi
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsalikian
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tansey
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Janz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult