title: Let's face it - 13 unusual causes of facial masses in children.
abstract: Facial swelling is commonly encountered in paediatric patients and is typically related to an underlying infection. The spectrum of possible causes, however, is wide, and includes traumatic, inflammatory, nutritional and neoplastic aetiologies. In this pictorial essay we present 13 examples of rare conditions selected from a total of 136 MRI examinations performed at our institution between April 2007 and May 2013. These include HIV-associated malignancies such as a case of plasmablastic lymphoma, parotid gland tumours including a parotid hamartoma, rare congenital lesions such as a thyroid fetiform teratoma, and infective lesions including tuberculosis of the mandible. In many cases, only minimal information could be gleaned from the literature, particularly with regard to imaging findings. An analysis of the spectrum of masses and specific clinical presentations allowed for the construction of a diagnostic flowchart which may serve to assist in unusual cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Facial swelling is commonly encountered in paediatrics, with a wide spectrum of possible aetiologies. • MRI is the favoured imaging modality for accurate assessment. • Facial swelling is typically infectious in nature, but includes various benign and malignant causes. • This pictorial essay presents 13 examples of rare conditions with corresponding imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Klipfontein Road, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa. jacqueline.dut@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: du Toit
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Klipfontein Road, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa. Nicole.Wieselthaler@westerncape.gov.za.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wieselthaler
keywords: Facial neoplasm; HIV; Magnetic resonance imaging; Paediatric; Tumour-like