title: The Contribution of Pre-impact Spine Posture on Human Body Model Response in Whole-body Side Impact.
abstract: The objective of the study was to analyze independently the contribution of pre-impact spine posture on impact response by subjecting a finite element human body model (HBM) to whole-body, lateral impacts. Seven postured models were created from the original HBM: one matching the standard driving posture and six matching pre-impact posture measured for each of six subjects tested in previously published experiments. The same measurements as those obtained during the experiments were calculated from the simulations, and biofidelity metrics based on signals correlation were established to compare the response of HBM to that of the cadavers. HBM responses showed good correlation with the subject response for the reaction forces, the rib strain (correlation score=0.8) and the overall kinematics. The pre-impact posture was found to greatly alter the reaction forces, deflections and the strain time histories mainly in terms of time delay. By modifying only the posture of HBM, the variability in the impact response was found to be equivalent to that observed in the experiments performed with cadavers with different anthropometries. The patterns observed in the responses of the postured HBM indicate that the inclination of the spine in the frontal plane plays a major role. The postured HBM sustained from 2 to 5 bone fractures, including the scapula in some cases, confirming that the pre-impact posture influences the injury outcome predicted by the simulation.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia - Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poulard
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia - Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Subit
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia - Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: John-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Donlon
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia - Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lessley
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia - Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Taewung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia - Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Gwansik
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia - Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kent
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D013131:Spine / Q000502:physiology*