title: Self-reported sleep disturbances in HIV-infected people: a meta-analysis of prevalence and moderators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances in HIV-infected people through meta-analysis, taking into account variations in geographic region, gender, age group, CD4 counts, and instrument used to measure sleep disturbances.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted systematic searches of PubMed and PsycINFO to include studies that met our criteria. A random effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances in HIV-infected people. The potential moderators of self-reported sleep disturbances were explored with meta-regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven articles comprising a total of 9246 HIV-positive participants were finally included in our analysis. The overall prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances in HIV-infected people was 58.0% (95% CI = 49.6-66.1). Meta-regression analysis indicates that geographic region, gender, and instrument significantly explain part of the heterogeneity of the prevalence estimates between the included studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that HIV-infected people suffer from a heavy burden of sleep disturbances. It is therefore recommended that sleep quality should be routinely assessed in HIV-infected people in order to identify the medical treatment needs and the potential impact of sleep problems on antiretroviral therapy outcomes in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: luciyong@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ciyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Pengsheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: HIV; Meta-analysis; Self-reported; Sleep disturbances