title: Multiple social identifications and adolescents' self-esteem.
abstract: The research examined the relationship between multiple social identifications and self-esteem. Early adolescents (M = 11.4, SD = .95) and mid-adolescents (M = 15.9, SD = 1.18) from Germany and Israel (n = 2337) were studied. Respondents described their social identification as students, family members, and as members of the majority national group and reported self-esteem. A longitudinal, cross-sectional and cross-cultural design revealed, as predicted, multiple social identifications related positively to self-esteem concurrently; they also related positively to self-esteem longitudinally over the course of a year. Moreover, multiple social identifications were found to be antecedent to self-esteem, not vice versa. Finally, multiple social identifications were found to decrease over time. The article discusses the contribution of multiple social identifications to self-esteem at different ages and in various contexts.
authors.affiliation: University of Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: maya.bw@edu.haifa.ac.il.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benish-Weisman
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Jacobs University Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schiefer
authors.affiliation: Jacobs University Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Möllering
authors.affiliation: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knafo-Noam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012649:Self Concept; D012933:Social Identification
keywords: Adolescence; Multiple social identities; Self-esteem; Social identification; Social identity