title: Variation in performance at different positions of an ultrasonic VialTweeter--A study based on various physical and chemical activities.
abstract: Ultrasonic VialTweeter is used for the sonication of small volume samples. It contains a titanium block with 8 holes for vial insertion, to be used simultaneously for batch operation. In this investigation, the ultrasonic and sonochemical performance of ultrasonic VialTweeter has been evaluated at its different positions. Experimental results using calorimetry, ultrasonic capillary effect, sonochemiluminescence and degradation of Rhodamine B showed that the sonochemical activity differs greatly at different positions along the VialTweeter, with positions 3 and 4 showing the maximum efficiency whereas the positions 1 and 2 being the least effective positions. These results were further verified by acoustic pressure simulation, confirming that certain locations in the VialTweeter may not perform in the same way as others due to the variation in acoustic pressure at different locations.
authors.affiliation: Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: joyce.tiong@nottingham.edu.my.
authors.forename: T Joyce
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Tiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Liang Ee
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Low
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hui Jiun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Teoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jit-Kai
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sivakumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manickam
keywords: Acoustic pressure; COMSOL; Capillary effects; Dye degradation; Luminol; VialTweeter