title: Comparison of apically extruded debris after large apical preparations by full-sequence rotary and single-file reciprocating systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris produced by ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne (WO) and Reciproc (R) systems after large apical preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty mandibular premolars with a single canal were selected and randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 15) according to the system used for root canal preparation: PTU, PTN, WO and R groups. Canal preparations were performed up to size 40 in each group. Distilled water was used as an irrigant, and the apically extruded debris from each tooth was collected in pre-weighted glass vials and dried. The average weight of debris was assessed using a microbalance, and the data were analysed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PTU system was associated with significantly more debris than the other systems (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between PTN, WO and R systems (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All systems were associated with apical debris extrusion when canals were prepared to a large apical size. The PTU system was associated with more debris extrusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: E J N L
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Carapiá
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: F G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-6861
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Belladonna
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Senna
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De-Deus
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: debris extrusion; instrumentation; nickel-titanium; reciprocating motion; rotary files