title: Exposure assessment of cattle via roughages to plants producing compounds of concern.
abstract: Food producing animals are exposed to biologically active plant compounds through feed and roughages, presenting a potential risk to the animal but also consumers of food of animal origin. To evaluate to which plant compounds of concern dairy cows in the Netherlands are exposed, a ranking filter model was developed, combining information on abundance of plant species in vegetation plots in the Netherlands (183,905 plots of three different vegetation types) with plant-compound combinations (700), and with consumption data of fresh grass, grass silage and corn silage by cattle. The most abundant plant genera are those producing cyanogenic glycosides, coumarins and benzofuranocoumarins, being predominantly fodder plants (alfalfa, clover and some grasses) considered to be safe. Highest exposures were estimated for plant genera producing piperidine alkaloids (horsetail), furanocoumarins (parsley and relatives), pyrrolizidine alkaloids (Symphytum, Senecio, Leucanthemum, Eupatorium) and essential oils. The current results allow to prioritise future scientific research on these compounds.
authors.affiliation: RIKILT, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: leo.vanraamsdonk@wur.nl.
authors.forename: L W D
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: van Raamsdonk
authors.affiliation: Alterra, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ozinga
authors.affiliation: RIKILT, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L A P
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hoogenboom
authors.affiliation: RIKILT, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P P J
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.affiliation: RIKILT, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J G J
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.affiliation: RIKILT, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.affiliation: RIKILT, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van der Fels-Klerx
authors.affiliation: RIKILT, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Nijs
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000032:analysis; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D010070:Oxalates / Q000032:analysis; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis; D012503:Saponins / Q000032:analysis; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005663:Furans; D011564:Furocoumarins; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010070:Oxalates; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids; D012503:Saponins; C037354:protoanemonin
keywords: Cattle; Essential oils; Free grazing; Furanocoumarins; Piperidine alkaloids; Plant toxins; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Ranking filter model; Roughage; Vegetation analysis