title: Fluoride varnishes with calcium glycerophosphate: fluoride release and effect on in vitro enamel demineralization.
abstract: The aims of this study were (1) to assess the amount of fluoride (F) released from varnishes containing calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) and (2) to assess the effect of the experimental varnishes on in vitro demineralization. Six test groups using 5 varnishes: base varnish (no active ingredients); Duraphat® (2.26% NaF); Duofluorid® (5.63% NaF/CaF2); experimental varnish 1 (1% CaGP/5.63% NaF/CaF2); experimental varnish 2 (5% CaGP/5.63% NaF/CaF2); and no varnish were set up. In stage 1, 60 acrylic blocks were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n = 10). Then 300 µg of each varnish was applied to each block. The blocks were immersed in deionized water, which was changed after 1, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Fluoride concentration in the water was analyzed using a fluoride electrode. In stage 2, 60 bovine enamel samples were distributed into 6 groups (n = 10), and treated with 300 µg of the respective varnish. After 6 h the varnish was removed and the samples were subjected to a 7-day in vitro pH cycle (6 h demineralization/18 h remineralization per day). The demineralization was measured using surface hardness. The results showed that both experimental varnishes released more fluoride than Duofluorid® and Duraphat® (p < 0.05), but Duraphat® showed the best preventive effect by decreasing enamel hardness loss (p < 0.05). Therefore, we conclude that even though (1) the experimental varnishes containing CaGP released greater amounts of F, (2) they did not increase in the preventive effect against enamel demineralization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thiago Saads
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca Glerean
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Bucal, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio Correia
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília Afonso Rabelo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo José Strazzeri
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bönecker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000737:chemistry*; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006245:Hardness Tests; D008422:Materials Testing; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D005994:Glycerophosphates; C023807:sodium fluoride topical preparation; D014867:Water; D012969:Sodium Fluoride