title: Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of a Low-Glycemic Index Diet on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women at High Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The GI Baby 3 Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary interventions can improve pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We compared the effect of a low-glycemic index (GI) versus a conventional high-fiber (HF) diet on pregnancy outcomes, birth weight z score, and maternal metabolic profile in women at high risk of GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-nine women [mean (SD) age 34.7 (0.4) years and prepregnancy BMI 25.2 (0.5) kg/m(2)] were randomly assigned to a low-GI (LGI) diet (n = 72; target GI ∼50) or a high-fiber, moderate-GI (HF) diet (n = 67; target GI ∼60) at 14-20 weeks' gestation. Diet was assessed by 3-day food records and infant body composition by air-displacement plethysmography, and pregnancy outcomes were assessed from medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LGI group achieved a lower GI than the HF group [mean (SD) 50 (5) vs. 58 (5); P < 0.001]. There were no differences in glycosylated hemoglobin, fructosamine, or lipids at 36 weeks or differences in birth weight [LGI 3.4 (0.4) kg vs. HF 3.4 (0.5) kg; P = 0.514], birth weight z score [LGI 0.31 (0.90) vs. HF 0.24 (1.07); P = 0.697], ponderal index [LGI 2.71 (0.22) vs. HF 2.69 (0.23) kg/m(3); P = 0.672], birth weight centile [LGI 46.2 (25.4) vs. HF 41.8 (25.6); P = 0.330], % fat mass [LGI 10 (4) vs. HF 10 (4); P = 0.789], or incidence of GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In intensively monitored women at risk for GDM, a low-GI diet and a healthy diet produce similar pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia tania.markovic@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Tania P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Markovic
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Ros
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muirhead
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Overs
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Glynis P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jimmy Chun Yu
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kizirian
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Denyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petocz
authors.affiliation: RPA Women and Babies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyett
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brand-Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome