title: Surveillance of Influenza A Virus and Its Subtypes in Migratory Wild Birds of Nepal.
abstract: Nepal boarders India and China and all three countries lie within the Central Asian Flyway for migratory birds. Novel influenza A H7N9 caused human fatalities in China in 2013. Subclinical infections of influenza A H7N9 in birds and the potential for virus dispersal by migratory birds prompted this study to assess avian H7N9 viral intrusion into Nepal. Surveillance of influenza A virus in migratory birds was implemented in early 2014 with assistance from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Of 1811 environmental fecal samples collected from seven wetland migratory bird roosting areas, influenza A H9N2 was found in one sample from a ruddy shelduck in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve located in southern Nepal. Avian H7N9 and other highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses were not detected. This study provides baseline data on the status of avian influenza virus in migratory bird populations in Nepal.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali-11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Dibesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karmacharya
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali-11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Sulochana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manandhar
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali-11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali-11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Tarka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhatta
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali-11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Pratikshya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali-11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Adarsh Man
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sherchan
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali-11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Bishwo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali-11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bista
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali-11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajbhandari
authors.affiliation: Food and agriculture organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Mohinder
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oberoi
authors.affiliation: Food and agriculture organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Khadak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bisht
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hero
authors.affiliation: Food and agriculture organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dissanayake
authors.affiliation: Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Maheshwar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhakal
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Food and agriculture organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Nitish
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Debnath
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D064766:Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny