title: Using ensemble models to identify and apportion heavy metal pollution sources in agricultural soils on a local scale.
abstract: This study aims to identify and apportion multi-source and multi-phase heavy metal pollution from natural and anthropogenic inputs using ensemble models that include stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) and random forest (RF) in agricultural soils on the local scale. The heavy metal pollution sources were quantitatively assessed, and the results illustrated the suitability of the ensemble models for the assessment of multi-source and multi-phase heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils on the local scale. The results of SGB and RF consistently demonstrated that anthropogenic sources contributed the most to the concentrations of Pb and Cd in agricultural soils in the study region and that SGB performed better than RF.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: cefbli@soil.gd.cn.
authors.forename: Fangbai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013269:Stochastic Processes
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Agricultural soil; Ensemble model; Heavy metals; Local scale; Pollution source