title: Cascade Screening in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Advancing Forward.
abstract: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder associated with elevated LDL-cholesterol and high lifetime cardiovascular risk. Both clinical and molecular cascade screening programs have been implemented to increase early definition and treatment. In this systematic review, we discuss the main issues found in 65 different articles related to cascade screening and familial hypercholesterolemia, covering a range of topics including different types/strategies, considerations both positive and negative regarding cascade screening in general and associated with the different strategies, cost and coverage consideration, direct and indirect contact with patients, public policy around life insurance and doctor-patient confidentiality, the "right to know," and public health concerns regarding familial hypercholesterolemia.
authors.affiliation: Lipid Clinic, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital.
authors.forename: Raul D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Thiago S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Frauches
authors.forename: Ana P M
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Chacra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002309:Cardiology / Q000379:methods; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000235:genetics; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D057089:Pathology, Molecular; D012307:Risk Factors; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL