title: Cyclic Di-GMP Signaling Contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Mediated Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection.
abstract: Bis-(3'-5') cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) controls the lifestyle transition between the sessile and motile states in many Gram-negative bacteria, including the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Under laboratory conditions, high concentrations of c-di-GMP decrease motility and promote biofilm formation, while low concentrations of c-di-GMP promote motility and decease biofilm formation. Here we sought to determine the contribution of c-di-GMP signaling to biofilm formation during P. aeruginosa-mediated catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Using a murine CAUTI model, a decrease in CFU was detected in the bladders and kidneys of mice infected with strains overexpressing the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) encoded by PA3947 and PA2133 compared to those infected with wild-type P. aeruginosa. Conversely, overexpression of the diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) encoded by PA3702 and PA1107 increased the number of bacteria in bladder and significantly increased dissemination of bacteria to the kidneys compared to wild-type infection. To determine which of the DGCs and PDEs contribute to c-di-GMP signaling during infection, a panel of PA14 in-frame deletion mutants lacking DGCs and PDEs were tested in the CAUTI model. Results from these infections revealed five mutants, three containing GGDEF domains (ΔPA14_26970, ΔPA14_72420, and ΔsiaD) and two containing dual GGDEF-EAL domains (ΔmorA and ΔPA14_07500), with decreased colonization of the bladder and dissemination to the kidneys. These results indicate that c-di-GMP signaling influences P. aeruginosa-mediated biofilms during CAUTI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Biofilm-based infections are an important cause of nosocomial infections, since they resist the immune response and traditional antibiotic treatment. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that promotes biofilm formation in many Gram-negative pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we determined the contribution of c-di-GMP signaling to catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), an animal model of biofilm-based infection. P. aeruginosa with elevated levels of c-di-GMP during the initial infection produces an increased bacterial burden in the bladder and kidneys. Conversely, low concentrations of c-di-GMP decreased the bacterial burden in the bladder and kidneys. We screened a library of mutants with mutations in genes regulating c-di-GMP signaling and found several mutants that altered colonization of the urinary tract. This study implicates c-di-GMP signaling during CAUTI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA vtlee@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Vincent T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C062025:bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid; D006152:Cyclic GMP