title: Socioeconomic Inequalities in Nonuse of Seatbelts in Cars and Helmets on Motorcycles among People Living in Kurdistan Province, Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the socioeconomic inequalities in nonuse of seatbelts in cars and helmets on motorcycles in Kurdistan Province, west of Iran, 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data used in this study was collected from the data gathered in non-communicable disease surveillance system (NCDSS) in 2009 in Kurdistan. A total of 1000 people were included in this study. The outcome variable of this study was the nonuse of seatbelts and helmets. The socio-economic status (SES) was calculated based on participants' residential area and assets using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. The concentration index, concentration curve, and comparison of Odds Ratio (OR) in different SES groups were used to measure the socioeconomic inequalities using logistic regression. In order to determine the contribution of determinants of inequality, decomposition analysis was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of nonuse of seatbelts in cars and helmets on motorcycles were 47.5%, 95%CI [44%, 55%], respectively. The Concentration index was -0.097, CI [-0.148, -0.046]. The OR of nonuse of seatbelts in cars and helmets on motorcycles in the richest group compared with the poorest group was 0.39, 95%CI [0.23, 0.68]. The results of the decomposition analysis showed that 34% of inequalities were due to SES, 47% were due to residential area, and 12% were due to unknown factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a reverse association between SES and nonuse of seatbelts in cars and helmets on motorcycles. This issue must be considered while planning to reduce traffic accidents injuries.
authors.affiliation: 1. Kurdistan Research Center for Social Determinants of Health (KRCSDH), Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran ; 2. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghobad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: 3. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malekafzali Ardakani
authors.affiliation: 3. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 4. Knowledge Utilization Research Center (KURC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Majdzadeh
authors.affiliation: 1. Kurdistan Research Center for Social Determinants of Health (KRCSDH), Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzam
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bidarpour
authors.affiliation: 3. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Kazem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.affiliation: 3. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; 5. Iranian Epidemiological Association , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holakouie-Naieni
keywords: Concentration Index; Inequality; Iran; Socio-economic status (SES); Traffic accidents