title: Bioremediation of multi-polluted soil by spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrate: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation and Pb availability.
abstract: This study investigates the effect of three spent Agaricus bisporus substrate (SAS) application methods on bioremediation of soil multi-polluted with Pb and PAH from close to a shooting range with respect natural attenuation (SM). The remediation treatments involve (i) use of sterilized SAS to biostimulate the inherent soil microbiota (SSAS) and two bioaugmentation possibilities (ii) its use without previous treatment to inoculate A. bisporus and inherent microbiota (SAS) or (iii) SAS sterilization and further A. bisporus re-inoculation (Abisp). The efficiency of each bioremediation microcosm was evaluated by: fungal activity, heterotrophic and PAH-degrading bacterial population, PAH removal, Pb mobility and soil eco-toxicity. Biostimulation of the native soil microbiology (SSAS) achieved similar levels of PAH biodegradation as SM and poor soil detoxification. Bioaugmented microcosms produced higher PAH removal and eco-toxicity reduction via different routes. SAS increased the PAH-degrading bacterial population, but lowered fungal activity. Abisp was a good inoculum carrier for A. bisporus exhibiting high levels of ligninolytic activity, the total and PAH-degrading bacteria population increased with incubation time. The three SAS applications produced slight Pb mobilization (<0.3%). SAS sterilization and further A. bisporus re-inoculation (Abisp) proved the best application method to remove PAH, mainly BaP, and detoxify the multi-polluted soil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: carlos.garciadelgado@uam.es.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Delgado
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: felipe.yunta@uam.es.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yunta
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: enrique.eymar@uam.es.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eymar
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014866:Waste Products; D007854:Lead; D042845:Laccase; D010544:Peroxidases; C051129:manganese peroxidase
keywords: Agricultural waste; Biodegradation; Heavy metals; Ligninolytic enzymes; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons