title: Cognitive Impairment After Sleep Deprivation Rescued by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Application in Octodon degus.
abstract: Sleep is indispensable for maintaining regular daily life activities and is of fundamental physiological importance for cognitive performance. Sleep deprivation (SD) may affect learning capacity and the ability to form new memories, particularly with regard to hippocampus-dependent tasks. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure of electromagnetic induction that generates electric currents, activating nearby nerve cells in the stimulated cortical area. Several studies have looked into the potential therapeutic use of TMS. The present study was designed to evaluate how TMS could improve learning and memory functions following SD in Octodon degus. Thirty juvenile (18 months old) females were divided into three groups (control, acute, and chronic TMS treatment-with and without SD). TMS-treated groups were placed in plastic cylindrical cages designed to keep them immobile, while receiving head magnetic stimulation. SD was achieved by gently handling the animals to keep them awake during the night. Behavioral tests included radial arm maze (RAM), Barnes maze (BM), and novel object recognition. When TMS treatment was applied over several days, there was significant improvement of cognitive performance after SD, with no side effects. A single TMS session reduced the number of errors for the RAM test and improved latency and reduced errors for the BM test, which both evaluate spatial memory. Moreover, chronic TMS treatment brings about a significant improvement in both spatial and working memories.
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conesa
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Fernández-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Cuello
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.affiliation: Research Network on Ageing and Fragile (RETICEF), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba University, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tunez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Lille-North, 1 Place Verdun, 59045, Lille, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bordet
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, Sg1 2ny, UK.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Villalba
authors.affiliation: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain. mtherrer@um.es.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Herrero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D046329:Octodon; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
keywords: Learning; Memory; Octodon degus; Sleep deprivation; Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)