title: Ultraviolet-C efficacy against a norovirus surrogate and hepatitis A virus on a stainless steel surface.
abstract: In this study, the effects of 10-300 mWs/cm(2) of ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) at 260 nm were investigated for the inactivation of two foodborne viruses: murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1; a human norovirus [NoV] surrogate) and hepatitis A virus (HAV). We used an experimentally contaminated stainless steel surface, a common food-contact surface, to examine the effects of low doses of UV-C radiation on MNV-1 and HAV titers. The modified Gompertz equation was used to generate non-linear survival curves and calculate dR-values as the UV-C dose of 90% reduction for MNV-1 (R(2)=0.95, RMSE=0.038) and HAV (R(2)=0.97, RMSE=0.016). Total MNV-1 and HAV titers significantly decreased (p<0.05) with higher doses of UV-C. MNV-1 and HAV were reduced to 0.0-4.4 and 0.0-2.6 log10PFU/ml, respectively, on the stainless steel surfaces by low-dose UV-C treatment. The dR-value, 33.3 mWs/cm(2) for MNV-1 was significantly (p<0.05) lower than 55.4 mWs/cm(2) of HAV. Therefore, the present study shows that HAV is more resistant to UV-C radiation than MNV-1. These data suggest that low doses of UV-C light on food contact surfaces could be effective to inactivate human NoV and HAV in restaurant, institutional, and industrial kitchens and facilities.
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daeduck-Myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daeduck-Myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: An-Na
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daeduck-Myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daeduck-Myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 456-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sangdoha@cau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Do
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005511:Food Handling / Q000295:instrumentation; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D029322:Norovirus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000032:analysis*; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel
keywords: Hepatitis A virus; Modified Gompertz equation; Murine norovirus-1; Stainless steel surface; Ultraviolet-C