title: Use of the Wii Gaming System for Balance Rehabilitation: Establishing Parameters for Healthy Individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to establish balance parameters for the Nintendo(®) (Redmond, WA) "Wii Fit™" Balance Board system with three common games, in a sample of healthy adults, and to evaluate the balance measurement reproducibility with separation by age.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, multivariate analysis of variance, cohort study design. Seventy-five participants who satisfied all inclusion criteria and completed an informed consent were enrolled. Participants were grouped into age ranges: 21-35 years (n=24), 36-50 years (n=24), and 51-65 years (n=27). Each participant completed the following games three consecutive times, in a randomized order, during one session: "Balance Bubble" (BB) for distance and duration, "Tight Rope" (TR) for distance and duration, and "Center of Balance" (COB) on the left and right sides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COB distributed weight was fairly symmetrical across all subjects and trials; therefore, no influence was assumed on or interaction with other "Wii Fit" measurements. Homogeneity of variance statistics indicated the assumption of distribution normality of the dependent variables (rates) were tenable. The multivariate analysis of variance included dependent variables BB and TR rates (distance divided by duration to complete) with age group and trials as the independent variables. The BB rate was statistically significant (F=4.725, P<0.005), but not the TR rate. The youngest group's BB rate was significantly larger than those of the other two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  "Wii Fit" can discriminate among age groups across trials. The results show promise as a viable tool to measure balance and distance across time (speed) and center of balance distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital , Wheaton, Illinois.
authors.forename: Melissa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital , Wheaton, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andeway
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital , Wheaton, Illinois.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eppenstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital , Wheaton, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruroede