title: The Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 and Mimics are Potential Anticancer Drugs.
abstract: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a critical role in innate host defense against microbial pathogens in many organisms. The human cathelicidin, LL-37, has a net positive charge and is amphiphilic, and can eliminate pathogenic microbes directly via electrostatic attraction toward negatively charged bacterial membranes. A number of studies have shown that LL-37 participates in various host immune systems, such as inflammatory responses and tissue repair, in addition to its antibacterial properties. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that it is also involved in the regulation of cancer. Indeed, previous studies have suggested that human LL-37 is involved in carcinogenesis via multiple reporters, such as FPR2 (FPRL1), epidermal growth factor receptor, and ERBb2, although LL-37 and its fragments and analogs also show anticancer effects in various cancer cell lines. This discrepancy can be attributed to peptide-based factors, host membrane-based factors, and signal regulation. Here, we describe the association between AMPs and cancer with a focus on anticancer peptide functions and selectivity in an effort to understand potential therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Hokkaido , Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Animal Research Center, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isogai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isogai
keywords: LL-37; anticancer; antimicrobial peptides; carcinogenesis; cathelicidin