title: An evolutionary life-history framework for understanding sex differences in human mortality rates.
abstract: Sex differences in mortality rates stem from genetic, physiological, behavioral, and social causes that are best understood when integrated in an evolutionary life history framework. This paper investigates the Male-to-Female Mortality Ratio (M:F MR) from external and internal causes and across contexts to illustrate how sex differences shaped by sexual selection interact with the environment to yield a pattern with some consistency, but also with expected variations due to socioeconomic and other factors.
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Center and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI. kruger@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Center and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Randolph M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nesse
keywords: Life history; Mortality; Sex differences; Sexual selection