title: Cross-Generational trans Fat Consumption Favors Self-Administration of Amphetamine and Changes Molecular Expressions of BDNF, DAT, and D1/D2 Receptors in the Cortex and Hippocampus of Rats.
abstract: Amphetamine (AMPH) is an addictive psychostimulant drug whose use has been related to neurotoxicity. Experimentally, AMPH increases anxiety-like symptoms, showing addictive properties. In the last decades, the growing consumption of processed foods has provided an excess of saturated and trans fats in detriment of essential fatty acids, which may modify the lipid profile of brain membranes, thus modifying its permeability and dopaminergic neurotransmission. Here, we assessed the influence of brain incorporation of different fatty acids (FA) on AMPH self-administration. Three groups of young male rats were orally supplemented from weaning with a mixture of soybean oil (SO, rich in n-6 FA) and fish oil (FO, rich in n-3 FA), hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF, rich in trans fatty acids--TFA), or water (control group). These animals were born from dams that were supplemented with the same fat from pregnancy to lactation. Anxiety-like symptoms and locomotor index were assessed in elevated plus maze and open-field (OF), respectively, while brain molecular expressions of dopaminergic receptors, dopamine transporter (DAT), and BDNF were determined in the cortex and hippocampus. HVF increased the frequency of AMPH self-administration and was associated with reinforcement and withdrawal signs as observed by increased anxiety-like symptoms. Contrarily, SO/FO decreased these parameters. Increased BDNF protein together with decreased DAT expression was observed in the hippocampus of HVF group. Based on these findings, our study points to a harmful influence of trans fats on drug addiction and craving symptoms, whose mechanism may be related to changes in the dopaminergic neurotransmission.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Post Graduation Program, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio Teixeira
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Post Graduation Program, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Verônica Tironi
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roversi
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Taschetto
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Vey
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele Leão
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Post Graduation Program, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Simonetti
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pase
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Post Graduation Program, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katiane
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roversi
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Post Graduation Program, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Cristina
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Post Graduation Program, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.|Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Emanuelli
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Post Graduation Program, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. mariliseeb@yahoo.com.br.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. mariliseeb@yahoo.com.br.|Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. mariliseeb@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Marilise Escobar
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bürger
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012646:Self Administration; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005395:Fish Oils; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D013024:Soybean Oil; D000661:Amphetamine
keywords: Addiction; Amphetamine; Dopamine; Omega-3; Self-administration; trans fat