title: Wireless electrochemiluminescence bipolar electrode array for visualized genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism.
abstract: The development of simple, inexpensive, hand-held, user-friendly biosensor for high throughput and multiplexed genotyping of various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a single run experiment by a nonspecialist user is the main challenge in the analysis of DNA. Visualizing the signal and possibility to monitor SNPs by a digital camera opens a new horizon for the routine applications. In the present manuscript, a novel wireless electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA array is introduced for the visualized genotyping of different SNPs on the basis of ECL of luminol/hydrogen peroxide system on a bipolar electrode (BPE) array platform. After modification of anodic poles of the array with the DNA probe and its hybridization with the targets, genotyping of various SNPs is carried out by exposing the array to different monobase modified luminol-platinum nanoparticles (M-L-PtNPs). Upon the hybridization of M-L-PtNPs to mismatch sites, the ECL of luminol is followed using a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or digital camera and the images are analyzed by ImageJ software. This biosensor can detect even thermodynamically stable SNP (G-T mismatches) in the range of 2-600 pM. Also, by combining the advantages of BPE and the high visual sensitivity of ECL, it could be easily expected to achieve sensitive screening of different SNPs. The present biosensor demonstrates the capability for the discrimination between PCR products of normal, heterozygous, and homozygous beta thalassemia genetic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyed Mehdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Khoshfetrat
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranjbari
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mehrgardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiani
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008165:Luminol / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D059015:Wireless Technology
chemical_list: D010984:Platinum; D008165:Luminol