title: Secular trends of the impact of overweight and obesity on hypertension in Japan, 1980-2010.
abstract: The prevalence of overweight (body mass index (BMI)=25.0-29.9 kg m(-)(2)) and obesity (⩾30.0 kg m(-)(2)) has been increasing over the last several decades in Japan. We examined trends of the impact of overweight and obesity on hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure ⩾140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive drugs use) using four national surveys in Japan, from which the participants were randomly sampled from the entire population. Study participants aged 30-79 years were selected for each survey (10 370 in 1980, 8005 in 1990, 5327 in 2000 and 2547 in 2010). The results showed that the impact of overweight and obesity on hypertension had increased significantly (P=0.040 and 0.006 in men and women, respectively). From 1980 to 2010, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for hypertension, comparing overweight and obesity with normal weight (BMI =18.5-24.9 kg m(-)(2)), went from 1.94 (95% confidence intervals: 1.64, 2.28) to 2.82 (2.07, 3.83) in men, and from 2.37 (2.05, 2.73) to 3.48 (2.57, 4.72) in women. Most of the association was observed in overweight participants, as only 3% of the Japanese were obese. In addition to the relationship between excessive BMI and other adverse health conditions, the rise in the association with hypertension increases the urgency in addressing weight control. We need to address the overweight and obesity epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.|Radiation Medical Science Center for Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.|Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.|Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.|Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshino
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Center for International Collaboration and Partnership, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Nagako
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiyoshi
authors.affiliation: Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.|Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.|Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health / Q000639:trends; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires