title: Fractionation and proteomic analysis of the Walterinnesia aegyptia snake venom using OFFGEL and MALDI-TOF-MS techniques.
abstract: Animal venoms are complex mixtures of more than 100 different compounds, including peptides, proteins, and nonprotein compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates, and metal ions. In addition, the existing compounds show a wide range of molecular weights and concentrations within these venoms, making separation and purification procedures quite tedious. Here, we analyzed for the first time by MS the advantages of using the OFFGEL technique in the separation of the venom components of the Egyptian Elapidae Walterinnesia aegyptia snake compared to two classical methods of separation, SEC and RP-HPLC. We demonstrate that OFFGEL separates venom components over a larger scale of fractions, preserve respectable resolution with regard to the presence of a given compound in adjacent fractions and allows the identification of a greater number of ions by MS (102 over 134 total ions). We also conclude that applying several separating techniques (SEC and RP-HPLC in addition to OFFGEL) provides complementary results in terms of ion detection (21 more for SEC and 22 more with RP-HPLC). As a result, we provide a complete list of 134 ions present in the venom of W. aegyptia by using all these techniques combined.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U836, Grenoble Neuroscience Institute, LabEx Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics, France.|University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.|Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tarek Mohamed
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Abd El Aziz
authors.affiliation: University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.|INSERM, IAB, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, IAB, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bourgoin-Voillard
authors.affiliation: Smartox Biotechnology, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Combemale
authors.affiliation: Smartox Biotechnology, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France.
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beroud
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fadl
authors.affiliation: University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.|INSERM, IAB, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, IAB, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seve
authors.affiliation: INSERM U836, Grenoble Neuroscience Institute, LabEx Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics, France.|University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.|Smartox Biotechnology, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Waard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017815:Elapidae; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000737:chemistry*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D012910:Snake Venoms
keywords: MS; OFFGEL electrophoresis; Sample fractionation; Snake venom; Walterinnesia aegyptia