title: Impact of combined exercise training on cardiovascular autonomic control and mortality in diabetic ovariectomized rats.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise training on cardiovascular autonomic control and mortality in diabetic ovariectomized rats. Female Wistar rats were divided into one of five groups: euglycemic sedentary (ES), diabetic ovariectomized sedentary (DOS), diabetic ovariectomized aerobic-trained (DOTA), diabetic ovariectomized resistance-trained (DOTR), or diabetic ovariectomized aerobic+resistance-trained (DOTC). Arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded and baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by heart rate responses to AP changes. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation was evaluated by spectral analyses. No differences were observed in body weight and glycemia between diabetic rats. Animals in the DOTC and DOTA groups exhibited an increase in running time, whereas animals in the DOTC and DOTR groups showed greater strength. Trained groups exhibited improvement in total power and the high-frequency band of pulse interval and reduced mortality (vs. DOS). Animals in the DOTC (bradycardic and tachycardic responses) and DOTA (tachycardic responses) groups exhibited attenuation in baroreflex dysfunction that was observed in DOS and DOTR animals, and an improvement in AP variance. In conclusion, all training protocols led to reduced mortality, which may be due to an increase in physical capacity and to cardiovascular and autonomic benefits following training, regardless of any improvement in glycemic control. In this model, the aerobic and combined trainings seem to promote additional cardiovascular autonomic benefits when compared with resistance training alone.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transactional Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil; Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Iris C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Sanches
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transactional Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Filipe F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Nathalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transactional Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Janaina de O
authors.initials: Jde O
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Elia G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Galdini
authors.affiliation: Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil; and Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cavaglieri
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Maria-Cláudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transactional Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil; prof.kangelis@uninove.br.
authors.forename: Kátia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Angelis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods
keywords: aerobic exercise training; autonomic control; diabetes; mortality; resistance exercise training