title: Mismatch repair proteins recruit DNA methyltransferase 1 to sites of oxidative DNA damage.
abstract: At sites of chronic inflammation, epithelial cells are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species and undergo cancer-associated DNA methylation changes, suggesting that inflammation may initiate epigenetic alterations. Previously, we demonstrated that oxidative damage causes epigenetic silencing proteins to become part of a large complex that is localized to GC-rich regions of the genome, including promoter CpG islands that are epigenetically silenced in cancer. However, whether these proteins were recruited directly to damaged DNA or during the DNA repair process was unknown. Here we demonstrate that the mismatch repair protein heterodimer MSH2-MSH6 participates in the oxidative damage-induced recruitment of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to chromatin. Hydrogen peroxide treatment induces the interaction of MSH2-MSH6 with DNMT1, suggesting that the recruitment is through a protein-protein interaction. Importantly, the reduction in transcription for genes with CpG island-containing promoters caused by oxidative damage is abrogated by knockdown of MSH6 and/or DNMT1. Our findings provide evidence that the role of DNMT1 at sites of oxidative damage is to reduce transcription, potentially preventing transcription from interfering with the repair process. This study uniquely brings together several factors that are known to contribute to colon cancer, namely inflammation, mismatch repair proteins, and epigenetic changes.
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Emily M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bonham
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Brooke E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hannon
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Amick
authors.affiliation: The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Baylin
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA hmohagan@indiana.edu.
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: O'Hagan
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D018899:CpG Islands; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C094443:G-T mismatch-binding protein; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein
keywords: DNA repair; DNMT1; SIRT1; epigenetics; mismatch repair; oxidative damage; transcription