title: Topical anti-inflammatory activity of semisolid containing standardized Aleurites moluccana L. Willd (Euphorbiaceae) leaves extract.
abstract: Aleurites moluccana is a medicinal plant popularly used to treat pain, fever, asthma, hepatitis, gastric ulcer and inflammatory process in general. Recently, pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the dry extract obtained from A. moluccana leaves was effective as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and wound healing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study has aimed to evaluate the mechanisms involved in the topical anti-inflammatory effects of the semisolid containing 10mg/g of A. moluccana dried extract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ear edema induced by croton oil (2.5%) in mice was used throughout the study. The level of cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukine-1β (IL-1β) and chemokine keratinocyte chemoattractant (CXCL1/KC), and neutrophil migration were quantified. The histological analysis has also been performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The topical treatment with the semisolid was able to significantly inhibite the ear edema (35.77±7.35%). This effect was accompanied by the reduction of leukocyte migration, as well as TNF (53.75±12.96%), IL-1β (38.36±5.92%), and CXCL1/KC (62.29±11.65%) decreased levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated for the first time the mechanisms involved in the topical anti-inflammatory effect presented by the semisolid containing A. moluccana dried extract pointing as the main mechanism is the reduction in the leukocyte migration and consequently resulting in diminished levels of cytokins and chemokines, indicating this herbal product as a promissor anti-inflammatory phytomedicine to treat skin inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901 Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silmara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mendes Hoepers
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901 Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hugo Guilherme Martins
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Tolentino de Souza
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901 Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nara Lins
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Meira Quintão
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901 Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roberto Santin
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901 Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cechinel Filho
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901 Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ruth Meri Lucinda
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901 Itajaí, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: angelica_gcouto@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia Couto
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901 Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kathryn Ana Bortolini
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Simão da Silva
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D031284:Aleurites; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001938:Brazil; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D003436:Croton Oil; D004423:Ear; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009824:Ointments; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; C475895:Cxcl1 protein, mouse; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D009824:Ointments; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003436:Croton Oil
keywords: Aleurites moluccana; Cytokines; Myeloperoxidase; Skin inflammation