title: Large-scale disaster and gastrointestinal diseases.
abstract: Many medical investigations, including epidemiological studies, case reports and case series have been conducted in association with large-scale disasters worldwide. Gastrointestinal diseases have been identified in many studies on disaster-related diseases with various problems being encountered especially in the acute (the first 3 days after the onset of a disaster), subacute (approximately the first 2 weeks after the onset of a disaster), and chronic phases. The problems in the acute phase concern food security and nutrition, while those in the subacute phase concern constipation and diarrhea. According to each disease site, the clinically important problems in the chronic phase are peptic ulcer and functional dyspepsia affecting the upper gastrointestinal tract, and inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract. In addition, chronic hepatitis B and alcoholic liver diseases/pancreatitis are major hepatobiliary pancreatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan. tominaga@dokkyomed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan. masa99063@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan. mhoshino@dokkyomed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan. hiraishi@dokkyomed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
keywords: Gastrointestinal disease; Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster; Large-scale disaster; Stress