title: Attachment and time preference : Relations between early stress and sexual behavior in a sample of American university women.
abstract: This paper investigates hypotheses drawn from two sources: (1) Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper's (1991) attachment theory model of the development of reproductive strategies, and (2) recent life history models and comparative data suggesting that environmental risk and uncertainty may be potent determinants of the optimal tradeoff between current and future reproduction. A retrospective, self-report study of 136 American university women aged 19-25 showed that current recollections of early stress (environmental risk and uncertainty) were related to individual differences in adult time preference and adult sexual behavior, and that individual differences in time preference were related to adult attachment organization and sexual behavior. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that perceptions of early stress index environmental risk and uncertainty and mediate the attachment process and the development of reproductive strategies. On this view individual differences in time preference are considered to be part of the attachment theoretical construct of an internal working model, which itself is conceived as an evolved algorithm for the contingent development of alternative reproductive strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, Centre for Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 6907, Nedlands, WA, Australia. jchisholm@anhb.uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chisholm
keywords: Attachment theory; Early stress; Environmental risk and uncertainty; Life history theory; Reproductive strategies; Sexual behavior of young women