title: Broad protection with an inactivated vaccine against primary-isolated lethal enterovirus 71 infection in newborn mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulating enterovirus 71 (EV-A71)-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease is on the rise in the Asian-Pacific region. Although animal models have been developed using mouse-adapted EV-A71 strains, mouse models using primary EV-A71 isolates are scarce. Lethal animal models with circulating EV-A71 infection would contribute to studies of pathogenesis as well as vaccine development and evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we established a lethal mouse model using primary EV-A71 isolates from patients infected with serotypes that are currently circulating in humans. We also characterized the dose-dependent virulence and pathologic changes of circulating EV-A71 in this mouse model. Most importantly, we have established this mouse model as a suitable system for EV-A71 vaccine evaluation. An inactivated EV-A71 vaccine candidate offered complete protection from death induced by various circulating EV-A71 viruses to neonatal mice that were born to immunized female mice. The sera of the immunized dams and their pups showed higher neutralization titers against multiple circulating EV-A71 viruses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, our newly established animal model using primary EV-A71 isolates is helpful for future studies on viral pathogenesis and vaccine and drug development.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, No 519, East Minzhu Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, No 519, East Minzhu Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Jingliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, No 519, East Minzhu Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, No 519, East Minzhu Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Guanchen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, No 519, East Minzhu Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Jiaxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, No 519, East Minzhu Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.|Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, No 519, East Minzhu Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China. zhangwenyan@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenyan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, No 519, East Minzhu Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China. xfyu@tju.edu.cn.|Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. xfyu@tju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines