title: Relationship between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in children ages 9-11: Results from a 12-country study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to assess associations between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in a multinational study of children from 12 countries representing a wide range of human development.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 6,025 children 9-11 years of age. Behavioral risk factors included nocturnal sleep duration, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), television viewing (TV time), and healthy and unhealthy diet pattern scores. Multilevel analyses were used to obtain odds ratios for obesity expressed per standard deviation of each behavioral risk factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for obesity from multilevel, multivariable models were 0.79 (0.71-0.90) for nocturnal sleep duration, 0.52 (0.45-0.60) for MVPA, 1.15 (1.05-1.27) for TV time, 1.08 (0.96-1.20) for healthy diet score, and 0.93 (0.83-1.04) for unhealthy diet score in boys and 0.71 (0.63-0.80) for nocturnal sleep duration, 0.43 (0.35-0.53) for MVPA, 1.07 (0.96-1.19) for TV time, 1.05 (0.93-1.19) for healthy diet score, and 0.96 (0.82-1.11) for unhealthy diet score in girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavioral risk factors are important correlates of obesity in children, particularly low MVPA, short sleep duration, and high TV viewing.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Katzmarzyk
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Tiago V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Barreira
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Broyles
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Champagne
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chaput
authors.affiliation: University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fogelholm
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: St. Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuriyan
authors.affiliation: St. Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Anura
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurpad
authors.affiliation: UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Estelle V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences/Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: CIFI2D, Faculdade De Desporto, University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: Centro De Estudos Do Laboratório De Aptidão Física De São Caetano Do Sul, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matsudo
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences/Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olds
authors.affiliation: Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Onywera
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Olga L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Sarmiento
authors.affiliation: University of Bath, UK.
authors.forename: Martyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Standage
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Catrine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tudor-Locke
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Church
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors