title: Standardized cancer incidence disparities in Upper Manhattan New York City neighborhoods: the role of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and known risk factors.
abstract: We examined the effects of race/ethnicity and neighborhood, a proxy of socioeconomic status, on cancer incidence in New York City neighborhoods: East Harlem (EH), Central Harlem (CH), and Upper East Side (UES). In this ecological study, Community Health Survey data (2002-2006) and New York State Cancer Registry incidence data (2007-2011) were stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood. Logistic regression models were fitted to each cancer incidence rate with race/ethnicity, neighborhood, and Community Health Survey-derived risk factors as predictor variables. Neighborhood was significantly associated with all cancers and 14 out of 25 major cancers. EH and CH residence conferred a higher risk of all cancers compared with UES (OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.07-1.68; and OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.12-1.72, respectively). The prevalence of diabetes and tobacco smoking were the largest contributors toward high cancer rates. Despite juxtaposition and similar proximity to medical centers, cancer incidence disparities persist among EH, CH, and UES neighborhoods. Targeted, neighborhood-specific outreach may aid in reducing cancer incidence rates.
authors.affiliation: aInstitute for Translational Epidemiology bDepartment of Preventive Medicine cDivision of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai dEpidemiology and Biostatistics Program, CUNY School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York eNew York State Cancer Registry, Division of Chronic Disease Prevention, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA fDepartment of Cancer Epidemiology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Cancer Centre, Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.forename: Sylvan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wallenstein
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manczuk
authors.forename: Randall F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Holcombe
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schymura
authors.forename: Roberto G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lucchini
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class