title: Development of Membrane-Bound GM-CSF and IL-18 as an Effective Tumor Vaccine.
abstract: The development of effective adjuvant is the key factor to boost the immunogenicity of tumor cells as a tumor vaccine. In this study, we expressed membrane-bound granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) as adjuvants in tumor cells to stimulate immune response. B7 transmembrane domain fused GM-CSF and IL-18 was successfully expressed in the cell membrane and stimulated mouse splenocyte proliferation. Co-expression of GM-CSF and IL-18 reduced tumorigenesis (P<0.05) and enhanced tumor protective efficacy (P<0.05) significantly in comparison with GM-CSF alone. These results indicated that the combination of GM-CSF andIL-18 will enhance the immunogenicity of a cell-based anti-tumor vaccine. This membrane-bound approach can be applied to other cytokines for the development of novel vaccine strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Chiao
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kung-Kai
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ta-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuang-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jaw-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiu-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Shu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tian-Lu
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000276:immunology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D020382:Interleukin-18; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor