title: Early innate responses to pathogens: pattern recognition by unconventional human T-cells.
abstract: Although typically viewed as a feature of innate immune responses, microbial pattern recognition is increasingly acknowledged as a function of particular cells nominally categorized within the adaptive immune system. Groundbreaking research over the past three years has shown how unconventional human T-cells carrying invariant or semi-invariant TCRs that are not restricted by classical MHC molecules sense microbial compounds via entirely novel antigen presenting pathways. This review will focus on the innate-like recognition of non-self metabolites by Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and germline-encoded mycolyl-reactive (GEM) T-cells, with an emphasis on early immune responses in acute infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Liuzzi
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. Electronic address: eberlm@cf.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eberl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic