title: Music-based magnetic resonance fingerprinting to improve patient comfort during MRI examinations.
abstract: Unpleasant acoustic noise is a drawback of almost every MRI scan. Instead of reducing acoustic noise to improve patient comfort, we propose a technique for mitigating the noise problem by producing musical sounds directly from the switching magnetic fields while simultaneously quantifying multiple important tissue properties.
  
  
  
  MP3 music files were converted to arbitrary encoding gradients, which were then used with varying flip angles and repetition times in a two- and three-dimensional magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) examination. This new acquisition method, named MRF-Music, was used to quantify T1 , T2 , and proton density maps simultaneously while providing pleasing sounds to the patients.
  
  
  
  MRF-Music scans improved patient comfort significantly during MRI examinations. The T1 and T2 values measured from phantom are in good agreement with those from the standard spin echo measurements. T1 and T2 values from the brain scan are also close to previously reported values.
  
  
  
  MRF-Music sequence provides significant improvement in patient comfort compared with the MRF scan and other fast imaging techniques such as echo planar imaging and turbo spin echo scans. It is also a fast and accurate quantitative method that quantifies multiple relaxation parameters simultaneously. Magn Reson Med 75:2303-2314, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Eric Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Pierre
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Schluchter
authors.affiliation: A. A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Kawin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Setsompop
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.|Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gulani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.|Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Griswold
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009146:Music; D000070659:Patient Comfort / Q000379:methods*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: magnetic resonance fingerprinting; music; quantitative imaging; relaxation time