title: Mapping of a Cellulose-Deficient Mutant Named dwarf1-1 in Sorghum bicolor to the Green Revolution Gene gibberellin20-oxidase Reveals a Positive Regulatory Association between Gibberellin and Cellulose Biosynthesis.
abstract: Here, we show a mechanism for expansion regulation through mutations in the green revolution gene gibberellin20 (GA20)-oxidase and show that GAs control biosynthesis of the plants main structural polymer cellulose. Within a 12,000 mutagenized Sorghum bicolor plant population, we identified a single cellulose-deficient and male gametophyte-dysfunctional mutant named dwarf1-1 (dwf1-1). Through the Sorghum propinquum male/dwf1-1 female F2 population, we mapped dwf1-1 to a frameshift in GA20-oxidase. Assessment of GAs in dwf1-1 revealed ablation of GA. GA ablation was antagonistic to the expression of three specific cellulose synthase genes resulting in cellulose deficiency and growth dwarfism, which were complemented by exogenous bioactive gibberellic acid application. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that GA was positively regulating the expression of a subset of specific cellulose synthase genes. To cross reference data from our mapped Sorghum sp. allele with another monocotyledonous plant, a series of rice (Oryza sativa) mutants involved in GA biosynthesis and signaling were isolated, and these too displayed cellulose deficit. Taken together, data support a model whereby suppressed expansion in green revolution GA genes involves regulation of cellulose biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (C.P., J.S., S.D.); andBioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (K.H.).
authors.forename: Carloalberto
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-3615
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petti
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (C.P., J.S., S.D.); andBioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (K.H.).
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (C.P., J.S., S.D.); andBioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (K.H.).
authors.forename: Jozsef
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5473-526X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stork
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (C.P., J.S., S.D.); andBioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (K.H.) sdebo2@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DeBolt
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D051479:Plant Infertility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011058:Pollen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045868:Sorghum / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005875:Gibberellins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002482:Cellulose; C007842:gibberellic acid