title: Adrenergic Repression of the Epigenetic Reader MeCP2 Facilitates Cardiac Adaptation in Chronic Heart Failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In chronic heart failure, increased adrenergic activation contributes to structural remodeling and altered gene expression. Although adrenergic signaling alters histone modifications, it is unknown, whether it also affects other epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation and its recognition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism of regulation of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and its functional significance during cardiac pressure overload and unloading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MeCP2 was identified as a reversibly repressed gene in mouse hearts after transverse aortic constriction and was normalized after removal of the constriction. Similarly, MeCP2 repression in human failing hearts resolved after unloading by a left ventricular assist device. The cluster miR-212/132 was upregulated after transverse aortic constriction or on activation of α1- and β1-adrenoceptors and miR-212/132 led to repression of MeCP2. Prevention of MeCP2 repression by a cardiomyocyte-specific, doxycycline-regulatable transgenic mouse model aggravated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction after transverse aortic constriction. Ablation of MeCP2 in cardiomyocytes facilitated recovery of failing hearts after reversible transverse aortic constriction. Genome-wide expression analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, and DNA methylation analysis identified mitochondrial genes and their transcriptional regulators as MeCP2 target genes. Coincident with its repression, MeCP2 was removed from its target genes, whereas DNA methylation of MeCP2 target genes remained stable during pressure overload.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data connect adrenergic activation with a microRNA-MeCP2 epigenetic pathway that is important for cardiac adaptation during the development and recovery from heart failure.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilsbach
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Preissl
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Elsa Beatriz
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Monroy Ordonez
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schnick
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beetz
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lother
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rommel
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ihle
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bugger
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rühle
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schrepper
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarzer
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heilmann
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bönisch
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Shashi Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilpert
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kretz
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Elverfeldt
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orth
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aktories
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Friedhelm
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beyersdorf
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stiller
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thum
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doenst
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.C.M., R.G., S.P., E.B.M.O., T.S., N.B., A.L., C.R., H.I., J.O., K.A., L.H.), Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule (S.P.), University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen (T.S., A.L., H.B., C.H., F.B., C.B., B.S.), Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center (J.W.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.), Renal Division, University Clinic Freiburg (O.K.), Medical Physics (D.E.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX (N.B.); Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (F.R., M.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S., M.S., T.D.); Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (U.B.); Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx (S.K.G., T.T.) and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.K.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (T.T.). lutz.hein@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hein
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051783:Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C497393:Mecp2 protein, mouse; D051783:Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic
keywords: DNA methylation; MeCP2 protein; epigenomics; heart failure; microRNAs; receptors, adrenergic