title: Adaptation and Validation of the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale in Spanish Physical Education Teachers.
abstract: Drawing from self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2002), the aim of the study was to adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale (PNTS; Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, Ryan, & Thørgersen-Ntoumani, 2011) in the educational domain. Psychological need thwarting and burnout were assessed in 619 physical education teachers from several high schools in Spain. Overall, the adapted measure demonstrated good content, factorial (χ2/gl = 4.87, p < .01, CFI = .95, IFI = .96, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .08, SRMR = .05), and external validity, as well as internal consistency (α ≥ .81) and invariance across gender. Moreover, burnout was strongly predicted by teachers' perceptions of competence (β = .53, p ≤ .01), autonomy (β = .34, p ≤ .01), and relatedness (β = .31, p ≤ .01) need thwarting. In conclusion, these results support the Spanish version of the PNTS as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the understudied concept of psychological need thwarting in teachers.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain).
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Extremadura (Spain).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Oliva
authors.affiliation: University of East Anglia (UK).
authors.forename: Kimberley J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bartholomew
authors.affiliation: Curtin University (Australia).
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ntoumanis
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Extremadura (Spain).
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García-Calvo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000523:psychology*; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: burnout; psychological need thwarting; self-determination