title: In vivo induction of antioxidant response and oxidative stress associated with genotoxicity and histopathological alteration in two commercial fish species due to heavy metals exposure in northern India (Kali) river.
abstract: Heavy metals can significantly bioaccumulate in fish tissues. The step wise mechanism of heavy metal toxicities on fish health is still limited. The present study assessed the tissue-specific antioxidant response and oxidative stress biomarkers of commercially important fish species namely, Channa striatus and Heteropneustes fossilis inhabiting Kali River of northern India where heavy-metal load is beyond the World Health Organisation - maximum permissible limits. Heavy metals chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were elevated in both fish species compared to recommended values of the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), 1999 for edible fishes. Reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CATA) activities in all tissues (brachial, neural, renal and hepatic) were altered. Cellular lipid and protein compromisation in both fishes induced by heavy metals was determined by lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PC) assays. Micronucleus (MN) test of erythrocytes and comet assay of liver cells confirmed genotoxicity. Histopathology of the liver, kidney and brain of affected fishes was distorted significantly with its reference fishes thereby affecting the quality and quantity of these fish stocks. This raises a serious concern as these fishes are consumed by the local population which would ultimately affect human health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P., India; Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Electronic address: lifesciencephd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mahino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P., India.
authors.forename: Nazura
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Usmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P., India; Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Fakiha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Firdaus
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Faraz
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zafeer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Shafeeque
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Kafil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dawar Husain
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 U.P., India; Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Mir Hilal
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Ehraz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anis
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mobarak Hossain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001822:Body Burden; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002397:Catfishes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D007194:India; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D029941:Fish Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Antioxidant response; Comet assay (CA); Fishes; Heavy metals; Histopathology; Micronucleus (MN) test