title: Brief Report: Cobicistat Compared With Ritonavir as a Pharmacoenhancer for Atazanavir in Combination With Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: Week 144 Results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cobicistat (COBI) is a pharmacoenhancer with no antiretroviral activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  International, randomized double-blind active-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of COBI vs ritonavir (RTV) as a pharmacoenhancer of atazanavir in combination with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV treatment-naive patients followed through week 144.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At Week 144, virologic suppression was achieved in 72% (COBI) and 74% (RTV) of patients. Adverse events leading to study drug discontinuation occurred in 11% of patients in each group. Median changes in serum creatinine (mg/dL) were +0.13 (COBI) and +0.07 (RTV) and were unchanged from week 48.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once-daily COBI is a safe and effective pharmacoenhancer of the protease inhibitor atazanavir.
authors.affiliation: *Southwest CARE Center, Santa Fe, NM; †Inst. Dominicano de Estudios Virologicos, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic; ‡HIV Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico; §Department of Medicine, Khonkaen University, Khonkaen, Thailand; ‖Orlando Immunology Center, Orlando, FL; ¶Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; #EPIMED, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; **Infectious Diseases Department, "Luigi Sacco" Hospital, Milan, Italy; ††Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and ‡‡Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA.
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gallant
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Jaime F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Andrade-Villanueva
authors.forename: Ploenchan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chetchotisakd
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: DeJesus
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: Keikawus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arastéh
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rizzardini
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fehr
authors.forename: Hui C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Abram
authors.forename: Huyen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szwarcberg
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D002219:Carbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069547:Cobicistat; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068698:Tenofovir; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D002219:Carbamates; D009842:Oligopeptides; D063065:Organophosphonates; D011725:Pyridines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D013844:Thiazoles; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D000225:Adenine; D000069547:Cobicistat; D019438:Ritonavir