title: A 32-year longitudinal study of alcohol consumption in Swedish women: Reduced risk of myocardial infarction but increased risk of cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess associations between the intake of different types of alcoholic beverages and the 32-year incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and cancer, as well as mortality, in a middle-aged female population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gothenburg, Sweden, population about 430 000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Representative sample of a general population of women (1462 in total) aged 38 to 60 years in 1968-1969, followed up to the ages of 70 to 92 years in 2000-2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Associations between alcohol intake and later risk of mortality and morbidity from myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and cancer, studied longitudinally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up period, 185 women developed myocardial infarction, 162 developed stroke, 160 women became diabetic, and 345 developed cancer. Women who drank beer had a 30% lower risk (hazards ratio (HR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-0.95) of developing myocardial infarcion and almost half the risk (HR 0.51 CI 0.33-0.80). A significant association between increased risk of death from cancer and high spirits consumption was also shown (hazards ratio [HR] 1.47, CI 1.06-2.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with moderate consumption of beer had a reduced risk of developing myocardial infarction. High spirits consumption was associated with increased risk of cancer mortality.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hange
authors.affiliation: b Department of Public Health and General Practice and the Research Unit in General Practice , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway.|c Department of Family Medicine , University of Iceland , Reykjavík , Iceland.
authors.forename: Jóhann A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Björkelund
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: Valter
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sundh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: Calle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001515:Beer; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcohol; Sweden; diabetes mellitus; general practice; longitudinal studies; myocardial infarction; neoplasms; women