title: Plant responses to a phytomanaged urban technosol contaminated by trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
abstract: Medicago sativa was cultivated at a former harbor facility near Bordeaux (France) to phytomanage a soil contaminated by trace elements (TE) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In parallel, a biotest with Phaseolus vulgaris was carried out on potted soils from 18 sub-sites to assess their phytotoxicity. Total soil TE and PAH concentrations, TE concentrations in the soil pore water, the foliar ionome of M. sativa (at the end of the first growth season) and of Populus nigra growing in situ, the root and shoot biomass and the foliar ionome of P. vulgaris were determined. Despite high total soil TE, soluble TE concentrations were generally low, mainly due to alkaline soil pH (7.8-8.6). Shoot dry weight (DW) yield and foliar ionome of P. vulgaris did not reflect the soil contamination, but its root DW yield decreased at highest soil TE and/or PAH concentrations. Foliar ionomes of M. sativa and P. nigra growing in situ were generally similar to the ones at uncontaminated sites. M. sativa contributed to bioavailable TE stripping by shoot removal (in g ha(-1) harvest(-1)): As 0.9, Cd 0.3, Cr 0.4, Cu 16.1, Ni 2.6, Pb 4, and Zn 134. After 1 year, 72 plant species were identified in the plant community across three subsets: (I) plant community developed on bare soil sowed with M. sativa; (II) plant community developed in unharvested plots dominated by grasses; and (III) plant community developed on unsowed bare soil. The shoot DW yield (in mg ha(-1) harvest(-1)) varied from 1.1 (subset I) to 6.9 (subset II). For subset III, the specific richness was the lowest in plots with the highest phytotoxicity for P. vulgaris.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France. lilian.marchand@hotmail.fr.|University of Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bat B2, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, FR-33615, Pessac cedex, France. lilian.marchand@hotmail.fr.|Mairie de BORDEAUX, Service Aménagements Paysagers, Direction des Parcs, des Jardins et des Rives, 77 Boulevard Alfred Daney, 33000, Bordeaux, France. lilian.marchand@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.affiliation: Departamento Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Celestino-Quintela
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Sabaris
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Université de Montréal-Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke, Est Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desjardins
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France.|University of Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bat B2, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, FR-33615, Pessac cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oustrière
authors.affiliation: Mairie de BORDEAUX, Service Aménagements Paysagers, Direction des Parcs, des Jardins et des Rives, 77 Boulevard Alfred Daney, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pesme
authors.affiliation: Mairie de BORDEAUX, Service Aménagements Paysagers, Direction des Parcs, des Jardins et des Rives, 77 Boulevard Alfred Daney, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Butin
authors.affiliation: Mairie de BORDEAUX, Service Aménagements Paysagers, Direction des Parcs, des Jardins et des Rives, 77 Boulevard Alfred Daney, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Gaetan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wicart
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France.|University of Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bat B2, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, FR-33615, Pessac cedex, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mench
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005602:France; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D032107:Populus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014507:Urbanization
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Ecological restoration; Gentle remediation option; Medicago sativa; Phytoremediation; Plant community