title: Substantiated Reports of Child Maltreatment From the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect 2008: Examining Child and Household Characteristics and Child Functional Impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identifying child and household characteristics that are associated with specific child maltreatment types and child functional impairment are important for informing prevention and intervention efforts. Our objectives were to examine the distribution of several child and household characteristics among substantiated child maltreatment types in Canada; to determine if a specific child maltreatment type relative to all other types was associated with increased odds of child functional impairment; and to determine which child and household characteristics were associated with child functional impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (collection 2008) from 112 child welfare sites across Canada (n = 6163 children).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional maltreatment were highly prevalent among children aged 10 to 15 years. For single types of child maltreatment, the highest prevalence of single-parent homes (50.6%), social assistance (43.0%), running out of money regularly (30.7%), and unsafe housing (30.9%) were reported for substantiated cases of neglect. Being male, older age, living in a single-parent home, household running out of money, moving 2 or more times in the past year, and household overcrowding were associated with increased odds of child functional impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More work is warranted to determine if providing particular resources for single-parent families, financial counselling, and facilitating adequate and stable housing for families with child maltreatment histories or at risk for child maltreatment could be effective for improving child functional outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
authors.forename: Tracie O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Afifi
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taillieu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
authors.forename: Kristene
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
authors.forename: Laurence Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Senior Research Advisor, Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
authors.forename: Lil
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tonmyr
authors.affiliation: Professor, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
authors.forename: Jitender
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sareen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class