title: Chemical Compositions of Egg Yolks and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Diets.
abstract: A 16-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a prebiotic, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a probiotic, PrimaLac®, and their combination as a synbiotic on the chemical compositions of egg yolks and the egg quality of laying hens. One hundred and sixty 16-wk-old Hisex Brown pullets were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet + 1% IMO (PRE), (iii) basal diet + 0.1% PrimaLac® (PRO), and (iv) basal diet + 1% IMO + 0.1% PrimaLac® (SYN). PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation not only significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol (24- and 28-wk-old) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), but also significantly (P < 0.05) increased total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old), total omega 6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the eggs (28-wk-old). However, the total lipids, carotenoids, and tocopherols in the egg yolks were similar among all dietary treatments in the 24-, 28-, 32-, and 36-wk-old hens. Egg quality (Haugh unit, relative weights of the albumen and yolk, specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color) was not affected by PRE, PRO, or SYN supplementation. The results indicate that supplementations with IMO and PrimaLac® alone or in combination as a synbiotic might be useful for improving the cholesterol content and modifying the fatty acid compositions of egg yolk without affecting the quality of eggs from laying hens between 24 and 36 wk of age.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shirley Gee Hoon
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia.|Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Univ. Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chin Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sieo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43600, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalavathy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Univ. Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Zuhainis
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.affiliation: Strategic Livestock Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Inst. (MARDI), Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Su Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Strategic Livestock Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Inst. (MARDI), Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hee Kum
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Inst. of Bioscience, Univ. Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yin Wan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000737:chemistry*; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D056692:Prebiotics; D019936:Probiotics; D058616:Synbiotics; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D056692:Prebiotics; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D019787:Linoleic Acid
keywords: cholesterol; fatty acid composition; prebiotic; probiotic; synbiotic