title: Seasonal PrEP for partners of migrant miners in southern Mozambique: a highly focused PrEP intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To be used most effectively, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) should be prioritized to those at high risk of acquisition and would ideally be aligned with time periods of increased exposure. Identifying such time periods is not always straightforward, however. Gaza Province in southern Mozambique is characterized by high levels of HIV transmission and circular labour migration to mines in South Africa. A strong seasonal pattern in births is observable, reflecting an increase in conception in December. Given the potential for increased HIV transmission between miners returning in December and their partners in Gaza Province, PrEP use by the latter would be a useful means of HIV prevention, especially for couples who wish to conceive.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mathematical model was used to represent population-level adult heterosexual HIV transmission in Gaza Province. Increased HIV acquisition among partners of miners in December, coinciding with the miners' return from South Africa, is represented. In addition to a PrEP intervention, the scale-up of treatment and recent scale-up of male circumcision that have occurred in Gaza are represented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Providing time-limited PrEP to the partners of migrant miners, as opposed to providing PrEP all year, would improve the cost per infection averted by 7.5-fold. For the cost per infection averted to be below US$3000, at least 85% of PrEP users would need to be good adherers and PrEP would need to be cheaper than US$115 per person per year. Uncertainty regarding incidence of HIV transmission among partners of miners each year in December has a strong influence on estimates of cost per infection averted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing time-limited PrEP to partners of migrant miners in Gaza Province during periods of increased exposure would be a novel strategy for providing PrEP. This strategy would allow for a better prioritized intervention, with the potential to improve the efficiency of a PrEP intervention considerably, as well as providing important reproductive health benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; ide.cremin05@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ide
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cremin
authors.affiliation: ICAP Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Britta L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jewell
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hallett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000067572:Miners; D009073:Mozambique; D065129:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; D012621:Seasons; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014171:Transients and Migrants
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: ARV-based prevention; HIV; cost-effectiveness; mathematical models; pre-exposure prophylaxis