title: The evolution of capture myopathy in hooved mammals: a model for human stress cardiomyopathy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Capture myopathy (CM) syndromes in wildlife may be a model for human stress cardiomyopathy, including Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Emotional stress or grief may trigger heart attack-like symptoms, and occasionally, sudden death in some humans. Similarly, wildlife exposed to predatory stresses, chase, or capture occasionally results in sudden death. To better understand the nature of vulnerability to stress-induced sudden death, we studied cases of CM in hooved mammals-ungulates-and hypothesized that CM would be associated with a syndrome of longevity-related traits.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reconstructed the evolution of CM in ungulates then determined how a set of life history traits explained variation in the likelihood that CM was reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CM is broadly reported, but not in all genera, and phylogenetic analyses suggest that it is an evolutionarily labile trait. We found that the following traits were significantly associated with reports of CM: greater brain mass, faster maximum running speed, greater minimum group size and greater maximum longevity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CM may be an unavoidable consequence of adaptations to reduce predation risk that include increased running speed, sociality and having larger brains. Moreover, longer-lived species seem to be more likely to be susceptible to CM. Exploring variable susceptibility to CM highlights the evolutionary origins of the disorder, potential basic mechanisms that underlie vulnerability to the phenomenon, and the potential for reduction of risk through modification of life history trajectory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA; marmots@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Blumstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA;
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA;
authors.forename: Sajan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA;
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA;
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Alfaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Division of Cardiology, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, A2-237, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Natterson-Horowitz
keywords: capture myopathy, Takotsubo Syndrome; comparative medicine; evolutionary epidemiology