title: Sex Trafficking Related Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes among Adolescent Female Students in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sex trafficking has been a long-standing concern in Nepal. Very little has been achieved, however, in terms of actual reduction in the number of victims despite numerous anti-sex trafficking programs. This situation may be attributable to a lack of empirical evidence upon which to formulate anti-sexual trafficking interventions. This study aimed to assess sex trafficking-related knowledge, awareness and attitudes, and factors associated with sex trafficking awareness and attitudes towards the victims of sex trafficking and/or anti-sex trafficking campaigns among adolescent female students in Nepal.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted between August-September 2013 among 292 adolescent female students (>10 years old) using systematic random sampling from three high schools in Sindhupalchowk district, Nepal. As an initial step, descriptive analyses were employed to characterize the data and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore factors associated with sex trafficking awareness and related attitudes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six percent of sampled students reported that they were aware of sex trafficking and 94.6% indicated media (i.e., radio or television) as the primary sources of their knowledge. Fifty-one percent mentioned relatives/friends as mediators of sex trafficking, 60.4% reported promise for better jobs as the primary attraction behind sex trafficking, and 48.6% mentioned adolescent females as the most vulnerable group for sex trafficking. Over half (56.8%) of the respondents had positive attitudes towards the victims of sex trafficking and/or anti-sex trafficking campaigns. Age (OR = 3.38, 95% CI:2.51-4.55), parents' occupation (OR = 3.89, 95% CI:1.58-9.58), and having a radio/TV at home (OR = 6.67, 95% CI:3.99-9.54) were significantly associated with awareness, whereas being younger (OR = 0.67, 95% CI:0.55-0.79) and having joint-family (OR = 2.67, 95% CI:1.49-4.80) were significantly associated with having a positive attitudes towards the victims of sex trafficking and/or anti-sex trafficking campaigns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings presented have important implications for anti-trafficking programs, in particular those designed to educate the adolescent females who are at most-risk of sex trafficking. Educational programs need to include specific interventions to improve knowledge and attitudes towards sex trafficking among adolescent females in Nepal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine & Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America; Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nobel College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pramila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karki
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Nobel College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suwal
authors.affiliation: Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America; Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Copenhaver
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D064410:Human Trafficking; D006801:Humans; D009390:Nepal; D012307:Risk Factors