title: Cis- and trans-regulation in X inactivation.
abstract: Female mammalian cells compensate dosage of X-linked gene expression through the inactivation of one of their two X chromosomes. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in eutherians is dependent on the non-coding RNA Xist that is up-regulated from the future inactive X chromosome, coating it and recruiting factors involved in silencing and altering its chromatin state. Xist lies within the X-inactivation center (Xic), a region on the X that is required for XCI, and is regulated in cis by elements on the X chromosome and in trans by diffusible factors. In this review, we summarize the latest results in cis- and trans-regulation of the Xic. We discuss how the organization of the Xic in topologically associating domains is important for XCI (cis-regulation) and how proteins in the pluripotent state and upon development or differentiation of embryonic stem cells control proper inactivation of one X chromosome (trans-regulation).
authors.affiliation: Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics Group, Institute Curie, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France.|Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joke G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: van Bemmel
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hegias
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mira-Bontenbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.gribnau@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gribnau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D020868:Gene Silencing; D050172:Genes, X-Linked / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; C077885:XIST non-coding RNA