title: Preprocessing with Photoshop Software on Microscopic Images of A549 Cells in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a preprocessing method for cell morphometry in microscopic images of A549 cells in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adobe Photoshop CS2 (Adobe Systems, Inc.) was used for preprocessing the images. First, all images were processed for size uniformity and high distinguishability between the cell and background area. Then, a blank image with the same size and grids was established and cross points of the grids were added into a distinct color. The blank image was merged into a processed image. In the merged images, the cells with 1 or more cross points were chosen, and then the cell areas were enclosed and were replaced in a distinct color. Except for chosen cellular areas, all areas were changed into a unique hue. Three observers quantified roundness of cells in images with the image preprocess (IPP) or without the method (Controls), respectively. Furthermore, 1 observer measured the roundness 3 times with the 2 methods, respectively. The results between IPPs and Controls were compared for repeatability and reproducibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with the Control method, among 3 observers, use of the IPP method resulted in a higher number and a higher percentage of same-chosen cells in an image. The relative average deviation values of roundness, either for 3 observers or 1 observer, were significantly higher in Controls than in IPPs (p < 0.01 or 0.001). The values of intraclass correlation coefficient, both in Single Type or Average, were higher in IPPs than in Controls both for 3 observers and 1 observer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Processed with Adobe Photoshop, a chosen cell from an image was more objective, regular, and accurate, creating an increase of reproducibility and repeatability on morphometry of A549 cells in epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
authors.forename: Zhou-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Hai-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jun-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000473:pathology*; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software