title: A Cost-Sharing Exemption Program for Patients With Mental Illness in Taiwan: Who Enrolls?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify patient and provider characteristics associated with enrollment in a cost-sharing exemption program among people newly diagnosed as having schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a nationally representative sample from Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) program. Enrollment in a cost-sharing exemption program among 1,824 individuals with schizophrenia was observed for one year and three years after the individuals received a diagnosis of schizophrenia for the first time. Generalized estimating equations were applied to estimate the effect of various patient and physician characteristics on the odds of enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The one-year and three-year program enrollment rates were 52% and 58%, respectively. People ages 35 or older were significantly more likely to enroll compared with younger people. People with low incomes and people who were hospitalized for schizophrenia were significantly more likely to enroll. Regarding provider characteristics, patients cared for by psychiatrists (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.10) or by psychiatric institutions (AOR=1.10) were significantly more likely to enroll in the cost-sharing exemption program within the first year of diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that enrollment in the NHI's cost-sharing exemption program by people newly diagnosed as having schizophrenia was relatively low. The role of providers must not be overlooked. Effective strategies targeting high-risk subgroups for nonparticipation are necessary in addressing mental health parity.
authors.affiliation: Ms. Huang, Dr. Chen, and Dr. Chou are with the Institute of Public Health, and Dr. Huang is with the Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Send correspondence to Dr. Huang (e-mail: syhuang@ym.edu.tw ).
authors.forename: Hsin-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Ms. Huang, Dr. Chen, and Dr. Chou are with the Institute of Public Health, and Dr. Huang is with the Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Send correspondence to Dr. Huang (e-mail: syhuang@ym.edu.tw ).
authors.forename: Chuan-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Ms. Huang, Dr. Chen, and Dr. Chou are with the Institute of Public Health, and Dr. Huang is with the Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Send correspondence to Dr. Huang (e-mail: syhuang@ym.edu.tw ).
authors.forename: Yiing-Jenq
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Ms. Huang, Dr. Chen, and Dr. Chou are with the Institute of Public Health, and Dr. Huang is with the Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Send correspondence to Dr. Huang (e-mail: syhuang@ym.edu.tw ).
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D017047:Cost Sharing / Q000191:economics*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult