title: Quality assessment of crude and processed ginger by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics.
abstract: A sensitive, simple, and validated high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry detection method was developed for three ginger-based traditional Chinese herbal drugs, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizome Preparatum, and Zingiberis Rhizome Carbonisata. Chemometrics methods, such as principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and analysis of variance, were also employed in the data analysis. The results clearly revealed significant differences among Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizome Preparatum, and Zingiberis Rhizome Carbonisata, indicating variations in their chemical compositions during the processing, which may elucidate the relationship of the thermal treatment with the change of the constituents and interpret their different clinical uses. Furthermore, the sample consistency of Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizome Preparatum, and Zingiberis Rhizome Carbonisata can also be visualized by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry analysis followed by principal component analysis/hierarchical cluster analysis. The comprehensive strategy of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis coupled with chemometrics should be useful in quality assurance for ginger-based herbal drugs and other herbal medicines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xianmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Division of Traditional Chinese Medicines Standard, Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiangyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Torch Polytechnic, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xingyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: ChunTao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011786:Quality Control; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal
keywords: Chemometrics; Ginger; High-performance liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Quality assessment