title: [Study on the Relationship between the Inhalable Fine Particulate Matter of Xuanwei Coal Combustion and Lung Cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei, China, has become an important restricting factor for livelihood development, thus exerting local social and economic impacts. Coal is the main fuel of the local community and also the main source of indoor pollution. This study aims to explore the coal combustion inhalable fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its component output differences in different areas of Xuanwei, Yunnan. Moreover, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between inhalation of fine particles and high incidence of local lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  For combustion test, coal mines designated as C1, K7 and M30 were collected from LaoLin Colliery of Laibing Town, Huchang Colliery of Baoshan Town, and Taiping Colliery of Wenxing Town in Xuanwei, respectively. PM2.5 of indoor air was weighed, analyzed for elemental composition, and morphologically compared. The pathological specimen of lung cancer patients in Xuanwei who underwent operation was observed through electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PM2.5 concentrations in indoor air were (8.244 ±1.460) mg/m³ (C1), (5.066±0.984) mg/m³ (K7), and (5.071±1.460) mg/m³ (M30). The differences among pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (P=0.029). The filter impurities of C1 coal seam primarily include Si- and O-enriched compounds. Moreover, three membranes that comprised other elements, including C, S, and Si, were observed. These membranes were evident from the aggregation of silica and a Ca-Al membrane. Compared with that of other coal seams, C1 coal generated a mass of impurities, in which several particles have irregular shape. We found nanoscale fine particles in some specimens of Xuanwei lung cancer patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The produced combustion of C1 coal was different from that of K7 and M30 coal. PM2.5 composition may be associated with the high local incidence of lung cancer. .
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, 650118 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Jiapeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, the Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, 650000 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, 650118 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yunchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, 650118 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Guangjian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, 650118 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Lianhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, 650118 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Guangqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, 650118 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery 1 Ward, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, 650118 Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health , University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Linwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003031:Coal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D052638:Particulate Matter