title: CXC chemokine receptor 2 is associated with postoperative recurrence and survival of patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aberrant CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) expression has been shown to promote angiogenesis and proliferation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Our current study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of CXCR2 in patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively enrolled 375 patients with non-metastatic ccRCC undergoing nephrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between 2003 and 2008. The cohort was split into a training set (n=184) and a validation set (n=191). CXCR2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining and its association with clinicopathologic features and prognosis were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CXCR2 expression was significantly associated with tumour size (P=0.036 and P=0.016, respectively) and Fuhrman grade (P=0.009 and P=0.001, respectively) in the training and validation sets. Moreover, high CXCR2 expression indicated poor overall survival (OS) (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively) and recurrence-free survival (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) in the training and validation sets. The incorporation of CXCR2 into the T stage and Fuhrman grade would help to refine individual risk stratification. Furthermore, CXCR2 expression was identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for survival (P<0.001) and recurrence (P<0.001). A predictive nomogram was generated with identified independent prognosticators to assess patient recurrence-free survival at 5 and 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CXCR2 is a potential independent adverse prognostic biomarker for recurrence and survival of patients with non-metastatic ccRCC after nephrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yuanfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: zongminglin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zongming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: jjxufdu@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiejie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002681:China; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D049451:Nomograms; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B
keywords: CXC chemokine receptor 2; Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma; Overall survival; Prognostic biomarker; Recurrence-free survival