title: Maternal obesity increases oxidative stress in the newborn.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity before pregnancy is associated with a greater risk for the offspring to develop obesity and diabetes in childhood and adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between maternal overweight or obesity before pregnancy and newborn oxidative stress (OS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two mother-child pairs were divided according to the pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) of the mothers as follows: eutrophic (n = 21), overweight (n = 32), and obese (n = 19). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in the plasma of a blood sample from the newborn's umbilical cord.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MDA levels of newborns increased with maternal BMI (P = 0.001), as did the levels of NO (P = 0.019). There was a direct correlation between MDA and NO levels in each of the three groups (eutrophic: R(2)  = 0.59, P < 0.001; overweight: R(2)  = 0.45, P < 0.001; and obese: R(2)  = 0.26, P = 0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal overweight and obesity before pregnancy are associated with increased OS in the offspring.
authors.affiliation: Unidad De Investigación Médica En Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital De Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI," Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, México City, México.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.affiliation: Hospital De La Mujer, Secretaria De La Defensa Nacional, México City, México.|Escuela Superior De Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México.
authors.forename: Jaqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-López
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, México City, México.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Medina-Bravo
authors.affiliation: Unidad De Investigación Médica En Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital De Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI," Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, México City, México.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Juárez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio De Investigación en Biología Del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, México City, México.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contreras-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio De Investigación en Biología Del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, México City, México.
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galicia-Esquivel
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio De Investigación en Biología Del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, México City, México.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Urbina
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Salud Comunitaria, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, México City, México.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klünder-Klünder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009035:Mothers; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult