title: Hyperbaric oxygen promotes malignant glioma cell growth and inhibits cell apoptosis.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently diagnosed intracranial malignant tumor in adults. Clinical studies have indicated that hyperbaric oxygen may improve the prognosis and reduce complications in glioma patients; however, the specific mechanism by which this occurs remains unknown. The present study investigated the direct effects of hyperbaric oxygen stimulation on glioma by constructing an intracranial transplanted glioma model in congenic C57BL/6J mice. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) was used to assess the growth of intracranial transplanted GL261-Luc glioma cellsin vivo, while flow cytometric and immunohistochemical assays were used to detect and compare the expression of the biomarkers, Ki-67, CD34 and TUNEL, reflecting the cell cycle, apoptosis and angiogenesis. BLI demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen promoted the growth of intracranially transplanted GL261-Luc glioma cellsin vivo. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that hyperbaric oxygen promoted GL261-Luc glioma cell proliferation and also prevented cell cycle arrest. In addition, hyperbaric oxygen inhibited the apoptosis of the transplanted glioma cells. Immunohistochemical analysis also indicated that hyperbaric oxygen increased positive staining for Ki-67 and CD34, while reducing staining for TUNEL (a marker of apoptosis). The microvessel density was significantly increased in the hyperbaric oxygen treatment group compared with the control group. In conclusion, hyperbaric oxygen treatment promoted the growth of transplanted malignant glioma cellsin vivoand also inhibited the apoptosis of these cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yong-Gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shu-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hai-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dun-Xiao
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xue-Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chun-Jiang
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yu
keywords: apoptosis; glioma; growth; hyperbaric oxygen