title: Analysis of the Consumption of Caffeinated Energy Drinks among Polish Adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Energy drinks (EDs) are extremely popular among adults and adolescents. Regular intake of EDs may lead to an overdose of caffeine, loss of bone mass, overweight, hypertension and, in older age, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Some people mix EDs with alcohol, which adversely affects their health. The objective of this study was to analyze the consumption of EDs by adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of a questionnaire surveying amounts of drinks, preferences and product awareness among younger consumers. The study was carried out in junior and senior high schools in Poland (n = 2629).
  
  
  RESULTS
  EDs were consumed by 67% of students (quite frequently by 16%). Students who practiced sports were more willing to drink EDs. Also, boys drank them more often than girls. When selecting a particular ED, young people looked at the taste, price and effect. Most respondents consumed one ED (250 mL) daily, although there were individuals consuming two or more drinks daily. Most respondents knew the ingredients of EDs, and 24% admitted to mixing EDs with alcohol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EDs are extremely popular among adolescents. Young people drinking EDs every day are potentially at risk of taking an overdose of caffeine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Dębowa 3, Bydgoszcz 85-626, Poland. d.nowak@cm.umk.pl.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Dębowa 3, Bydgoszcz 85-626, Poland. artuja@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jasionowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D061215:Energy Drinks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013177:Sports; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine
keywords: adolescents; caffeine; dependence; energy drink; overdose