title: Effects of silver sulfide nanomaterials on mycorrhizal colonization of tomato plants and soil microbial communities in biosolid-amended soil.
abstract: We investigated effects of Ag2S engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated Ag ENMs (PVP-Ag), and Ag(+) on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), their colonization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and overall microbial community structure in biosolids-amended soil. Concentration-dependent uptake was measured in all treatments. Plants exposed to 100 mg kg(-1) PVP-Ag ENMs and 100 mg kg(-1) Ag(+) exhibited reduced biomass and greatly reduced mycorrhizal colonization. Bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were inhibited by all treatment classes, with the largest reductions measured in 100 mg kg(-1) PVP-Ag ENMs and 100 mg kg(-1) Ag(+). Overall, Ag2S ENMs were less toxic to plants, less disruptive to plant-mycorrhizal symbiosis, and less inhibitory to the soil microbial community than PVP-Ag ENMs or Ag(+). However, significant effects were observed at 1 mg kg(-1) Ag2S ENMs, suggesting that the potential exists for microbial communities and the ecosystem services they provide to be disrupted by environmentally relevant concentrations of Ag2S ENMs.
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water Flagship, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: jonathan.judy@csiro.au.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Judy
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water Flagship, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Jason K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture Flagship, Sustaining Agriculture Soil and Landscapes Research Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Creamer
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water Flagship, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water Flagship, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiebiger
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water Flagship, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, 5064, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cavagnaro
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water Flagship, 41 Boggo Road, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, 4102, Queensland, Australia; Center for the Environmental Implications for Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, 27708, NC, USA; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, KY, United States.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bertsch
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018533:Biomass; D017753:Ecosystem; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000032:analysis; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018030:Silver Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C013251:silver sulfide
keywords: Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Nanotoxicology