title: Reactive Oxygen Species in Planarian Regeneration: An Upstream Necessity for Correct Patterning and Brain Formation.
abstract: Recent research highlighted the impact of ROS as upstream regulators of tissue regeneration. We investigated their role and targeted processes during the regeneration of different body structures using the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, an organism capable of regenerating its entire body, including its brain. The amputation of head and tail compartments induces a ROS burst at the wound site independently of the orientation. Inhibition of ROS production by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) or apocynin (APO) causes regeneration defaults at both the anterior and posterior wound sites, resulting in reduced regeneration sites (blastemas) and improper tissue homeostasis. ROS signaling is necessary for early differentiation and inhibition of the ROS burst results in defects on the regeneration of the nervous system and on the patterning process. Stem cell proliferation was not affected, as indicated by histone H3-P immunostaining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), in situ hybridization of smedwi-1, and transcript levels of proliferation-related genes. We showed for the first time that ROS modulate both anterior and posterior regeneration in a context where regeneration is not limited to certain body structures. Our results indicate that ROS are key players in neuroregeneration through interference with the differentiation and patterning processes.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nicky
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pirotte
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: An-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avenue Diagonal 643, Edifici Prevosti Planta 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fraguas
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plusquin
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Andromeda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Roten
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium ; Faculty of Management, Science and Technology, Open Universiteit, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419 AT Heerlen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Belleghem
authors.affiliation: Biomed, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paesen
authors.affiliation: Biomed, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ameloot
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avenue Diagonal 643, Edifici Prevosti Planta 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cebrià
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Artois
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smeets
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010932:Planarians / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D009861:Onium Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C007517:diphenyleneiodonium; C056165:acetovanillone