title: Hybrid Imaging During Transcatheter Structural Heart Interventions.
abstract: Fusion of different imaging modalities has gained increasing popularity over the last decade. However, most fusions are done between static rather than dynamic images. In order to adequately visualize the complex three-dimensional structures of the beating heart, high-temporal and spatial image resolutions are mandatory. Currently, only the combination of transesophageal echocardiography with fluoroscopy allows real-time image fusion of high quality during structural heart disease (SHD) interventions. The use of markers as well as real-time image overlay greatly facilitates communication between SHD team members and potentially increases procedural success while reducing radiation dose and use of contrast. However, to date there is only limited evidence that fusion imaging improves safety and outcomes of SHD interventions. This review highlights the benefits of fusion imaging during SHD interventions such as transseptal puncture and closure of atrial septal defects and left atrial appendage as well as interventions on the mitral and aortic valve.
authors.affiliation: Heart Clinic Zurich, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patric
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biaggi
authors.affiliation: Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.400, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Covadonga
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Golfín
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Medical Center, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032 USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Heart Clinic Zurich, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corti
keywords: EchoNavigator, DynaCT; Echocardiography, computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; Fluoroscopy; Fusion imaging; Heart team; Interventions; MitraClip, left atrial appendage; Mitral valve, aortic valve, paravalvular leak; Multimodality image integration; Percutaneous; Structural heart disease; TAVR; X-ray