title: Coexisting choroidal neovascularization and active retinochoroiditis-an uncommon presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Choroidal neovascularization during the active stage of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis is an uncommon clinical presentation. The authors retrospectively reviewed medical charts of patients with coexisting choroidal neovascular membrane and active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients presented with coexisting choroidal neovascular membrane and active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. All lesions had adjacent subretinal hemorrhage. The diagnosis was confirmed based on clinical presentation, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. The patients were managed with a combination of treatments including intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), oral anti-Toxoplasma treatment, and oral corticosteroids. In all patients, the retinitis lesion resolved in 6 weeks and the coexisting choroidal neovascular membrane resolved over 6 to 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrences in Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis are common as satellite lesions adjacent to an old atrophic scar. Coexisting choroidal neovascularization with active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis is an important presentation and should be suspected in the presence subretinal hemorrhage and managed with a combination of anti-Toxoplasma treatment and intravitreal anti-VEGF.
authors.affiliation: GMRV Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, India.
authors.forename: Sharat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.affiliation: Retina and Uveitis services, GMR Varalakshmi Campus, 11-113/1, Hanumantha waka Junction, Visakhapatnam, 530 040, Andhra Pradesh India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Relhan
authors.affiliation: GMRV Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, India ; Retina and Uveitis services, GMR Varalakshmi Campus, 11-113/1, Hanumantha waka Junction, Visakhapatnam, 530 040, Andhra Pradesh India.
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pathengay
authors.affiliation: GMRV Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bawdekar
authors.affiliation: GMRV Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, India.
authors.forename: Himadri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.affiliation: GMRV Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, India.
authors.forename: Animesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Retina and Uveitis services, GMR Varalakshmi Campus, 11-113/1, Hanumantha waka Junction, Visakhapatnam, 530 040, Andhra Pradesh India.
authors.forename: Harry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Flynn
keywords: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF); Choroidal neovascular membrane; Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis