title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper aims to systematically review the use and performance of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases were searched for papers administering the Brief IPQ published in peer-reviewed journals. Data were extracted from the results for meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use by illness population, country, language and study design. The questionnaire's concurrent validity, predictive validity, sensitivity to change, discriminant validity and mean scores for different populations were summarised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review included 188 papers. The Brief IPQ has been administered to patients from age 8 to over 80, with a wide range of illnesses, in 26 languages from 36 countries. Pooled correlations between illness perceptions and depression, anxiety, blood glucose levels and quality of life were consistent with previous research and theory (range .25-.49 for consequences, identity and emotional representations; -.12 to -.27 for personal control). All items were able to predict some outcomes up to one-year follow-up. Each subscale demonstrated sensitivity to change after intervention in randomised controlled trials with the personal control and causal items showing most frequent change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Brief IPQ is widely used and has good psychometric properties. More studies should include and analyse the causal item.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychological Medicine , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Broadbent
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychological Medicine , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Carissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilkes
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychological Medicine , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koschwanez
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kings College London , London , England.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weinman
authors.affiliation: c Health Psychology , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London , London , England .
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychological Medicine , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Keith J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Petrie
mesh_terms: D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; illness cognitions; illness perceptions; measurement; self-regulation model; validity