title: Occupant Kinematics in Laboratory Rollover Tests: PMHS Response.
abstract: The objective of the current study was to characterize the whole-body kinematic response of restrained PMHS in controlled laboratory rollover tests. A dynamic rollover test system (DRoTS) and a parametric vehicle buck were used to conduct 36 rollover tests on four adult male PMHS with varied test conditions to study occupant kinematics during the rollover event. The DRoTS was used to drop/catch and rotate the test buck, which replicated the occupant compartment of a typical mid-sized SUV, around its center of gravity without roof-to-ground contact. The studied test conditions included a quasi-static inversion (4 tests), an inverted drop and catch that produced a 3 g vertical deceleration (4 tests), a pure dynamic roll at 360 degrees/second (11 tests), and a roll with a superimposed drop and catch produced vertical deceleration (17 tests). Each PMHS was restrained with a three-point belt and was tested in both leading-side and trailing-side front-row seating positions. Whole-body kinematics were measured using a 3D motion capture system that quantified occupant displacement relative to the vehicle buck for the X-axis (longitudinal), Y-axis (lateral), and Z-axis (vertical) directions. Additionally the spine was divided into five segments to describe intrasegmental kinematics of the spine, including segment rotations as well as spinal extension and compression. The reported data represent the most complete set of kinematic response targets for a restrained occupant in a variety of dynamic rollover conditions, and are immediately useful for efforts to evaluate and improve existing ATDs and computational models for use in the rollover crash environment.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lessley
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foltz
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Overby
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heltzel
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sochor
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kerrigan
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012622:Seat Belts; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control