title: Association between urinary levels of bisphenol A and its monochlorinated derivative and obesity.
abstract: Population-based studies suggest the association between exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) and obesity. However, no human studies are available that link exposures to chlorinated derivatives of BPA with obesity biomarkers. The objective of this exploratory post hoc analysis of our cross-sectional study's dataset was to evaluate the association between urinary levels of BPA and monochlorinated BPA (mono-ClBPA) with body mass index (BMI) in a random sample of 223 adults (≥18 years) from the general population in Cyprus. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions were performed for descriptive statistics and estimating odds ratio (OR) of above normal BMI, respectively. We observed a relatively weak positive association between urinary mono-ClBPA and BMI, such as (i) 76 ng g(-1) in participants with above normal BMI (≥25 kg m(-2)) versus 55 ng g(-1) in those with normal BMI (<25 kg m(-2)) (P for mean difference = 0.053) and (ii) higher percentage of participants with above normal BMI in the high urinary mono-ClBPA tertile (63% in tertile 3 and 57% in tertile 2 versus 50% in tertile 1, P for trend = 0.056). Similar tests of association between urinary BPA and BMI showed null outcome. A dichotomously-classified group analysis showed an increased odds ratio (OR) for higher BMI in the group with high creatinine-adjusted urinary levels of BPA and mono-ClBPA when compared with the participants group with low levels for both compounds [logistic model adjusted for gender and health status as potential confounders; adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.34 (1.10, 5.10), P = 0.027]. Measurements of both BPA and its trace chlorinated derivative in human matrices may be warranted for a comprehensive exposure assessment towards improving our understanding of their obesogenic effects.
authors.affiliation: a Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology , Limassol , Cyprus.
authors.forename: Syam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Andra
authors.forename: Konstantinos C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Makris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003535:Cyprus; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000652:urine*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Biomarker; bisphenol A; body mass index; exposure; monochlorinated bisphenol A; obesity