title: Sleeve Gastrectomy with Modified Jejunoileal Bypass Model in Goto - Kakizaki Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a non-obese diabetic rat model for sleeve gastrectomy with modified jejunoileal bypass (SG/MJIB) and to investigate its effectiveness and safety for inducing diabetic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five 13-week-old male Goto-Kakizaki rats were randomly assigned to the pair-fed to sham-operated SG/MJIB (PFSO-SG/MJIB), SG/MJIB, PFSO-SG, SG, and control groups. The experimental period was 16 weeks post-operatively. Body weight; food intake; glycemic control outcomes; and ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and insulin levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operated and PFSO groups showed significant weight loss 4 weeks post-operatively compared to the control. The SG/MJIB and SG groups exhibited a significant improvement in oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance compared to the PFSO and control groups. The improved effects in the SG/MJIB group were better than those in the SG group. The SG/MJIB and SG groups showed decreased fasting ghrelin levels and increased levels of GLP-1 secretion 2 and 16 weeks post-operatively. Compared to the SG group, only the SG/MJIB group showed higher glucose-stimulated GLP-1 levels and significantly improved insulin secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SG/MJIB may be an effective, steady hypoglycemic surgical model, showing better diabetic control than SG. The hindgut may play a direct role in ameliorating glucose homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: b Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
authors.forename: Zhanyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xilin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yueqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Mosheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
keywords: GLP-1; Goto-Kakizaki rat; Hindgut; Jejunoileal bypass; Sleeve gastrectomy