title: Immunosuppressive C₂₁ steroidal glycosides from the root of Cynanchum atratum.
abstract: Six new C21 steroidal glycosides (1-6) and one dideoxysaccharide (7), named atratcynosides A-F and atratcynose A, were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of the root of Cynanchum atratum, together with three known compounds (8-10). The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectral analyses and qualitative chemical methods. All compounds were subjected to detect the immunosuppressive activities by an in vitro model of concanavalin A-induced proliferation of T-lymphocytes from mice. Compounds 1-3 showed significant immunosuppressive activities in dose-dependent manners with the IC50 values from 3.3 to 7.0 μM. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship of the steroidal glycosides on the immunosuppression was analyzed.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University, Longmian Road 639, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University, Longmian Road 639, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University, Longmian Road 639, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University, Longmian Road 639, Nanjing 211198, PR China. Electronic address: mianzhang@126.com.
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University, Longmian Road 639, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University, Longmian Road 639, Nanjing 211198, PR China. Electronic address: njchaofeng@126.com.
authors.forename: Chao-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D013256:Steroids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D066047:Vincetoxicum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013256:Steroids
keywords: C(21) steroidal glycosides; Cynanchum atratum; Immunosuppressive; Structure–activity relationship