title: The Genus Diphasiastrum and Its Lycopodium Alkaloids.
abstract: The genus Diphasiastrum includes at least 23 species distributed primarily across the northern temperate and subarctic areas of the world. These plants produce an array of lycopodium alkaloids, and some species such as Diphasiastrum complanatum have been used in traditional medicine for ages for various conditions. Hybridization is common in this group of plants and they have always been a challenge for taxonomists and other scientists studying them. To date, 11 Diphasiastrum species have been reported to produce lycopodium alkaloids. In this review, reported alkaloids and their distribution patterns across these species along with taxonomical and bioactivity considerations are reviewed and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland Hagi, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Elsa Steinunn
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Halldorsdottir
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland Hagi, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Natalia Magdalena
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kowal
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland Hagi, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Elin Soffia
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Olafsdottir
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry*; D029542:Lycopodiaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D032502:Lycopodium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010946:Plants, Medicinal
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids