title: New method to enhance the extraction yield of rutin from Sophora japonica using a novel ultrasonic extraction system by determining optimum ultrasonic frequency.
abstract: A new method has been proposed for enhancing extraction yield of rutin from Sophora japonica, in which a novel ultrasonic extraction system has been developed to perform the determination of optimum ultrasonic frequency by a two-step procedure. This study has systematically investigated the influence of a continuous frequency range of 20-92 kHz on rutin yields. The effects of different operating conditions on rutin yields have also been studied in detail such as solvent concentration, solvent to solid ratio, ultrasound power, temperature and particle size. A higher extraction yield was obtained at the ultrasonic frequency of 60-62 kHz which was little affected under other extraction conditions. Comparative studies between existing methods and the present method were done to verify the effectiveness of this method. Results indicated that the new extraction method gave a higher extraction yield compared with existing ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and soxhlet extraction (SE). Thus, the potential use of this method may be promising for extraction of natural materials on an industrial scale in the future.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Advanced Process Control for Light Industry of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, PR China. Electronic address: aqsydxmbs@126.com.
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Advanced Process Control for Light Industry of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
authors.forename: Baida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, PR China.
authors.forename: Naiqin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D029909:Sophora / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D012431:Rutin
keywords: Extraction yield; Optimum ultrasonic frequency; Rutin; Ultrasound-assisted extraction