title: A Quality by Experimental Design Approach to Assess the Effect of Formulation and Process Variables on the Extrusion and Spheronization of Drug-Loaded Pellets Containing Polyplasdone® XL-10.
abstract: Successful pellet production has been reported in literature with cross-linked poly(vinylpyrrolidone), Polyplasdone® XL-10 and INF-10. In the present study, a quality by experimental design approach was used to assess several formulation and process parameter effects on the characteristics of Polyplasdone® XL-10 pellets, including pellet size, shape, yield, usable yield, friability, and number of fines. The hypothesis is that design of experiments and appropriate data analysis allow optimization of the Polyplasdone product. High drug loading was achieved using caffeine, a moderately soluble drug to allow in vitro release studies. A five-factor, two-level, half-fractional factorial design (Resolution V) with center point batches allowed mathematical modeling of the influence of the factors and their two-factor interactions on five of the responses. The five factors were Polyplasdone® level in the powder blend, volume of water in the wet massing step, wet mixing time, spheronizer speed, and spheronization time. Each factor and/or its two-factor interaction with another factor influenced pellet characteristics. The behavior of these materials under various processing conditions and component levels during extrusion-spheronization have been assessed, discussed, and explained based on the results. Numerical optimization with a desirability of 0.974 was possible because curvature and lack of fit were not significant with any of the model equations. The values predicted by the optimization described well the observed responses. The hypothesis was thus supported.
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, 600 S. 43rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.|Pharma Resource Group Inc., 1005 Pontiac Road, Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, 19026, USA.
authors.forename: Kalyan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Saripella
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, 600 S. 43rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Nikhil C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Loka
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, 600 S. 43rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mallipeddi
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, 600 S. 43rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.|Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc., 223 Quaker Road, Pomona, New York, 10970, USA.
authors.forename: Anuja M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rane
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, 600 S. 43rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA. s.neau@usciences.edu.
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Neau
mesh_terms: D002110:Caffeine / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D012107:Research Design; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D005079:Excipients; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011208:Powders; D014867:Water; D002110:Caffeine; C012553:spherons; D011205:Povidone
keywords: Polyplasdone; crospovidone; design of experiments; extrusion; quality by design; spheronization