title: Preparation and in vivo evaluation of in situ gel system as dual thermo-/pH-responsive nanocarriers for sustained ocular drug delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was effective in treating bacterial keratitis. The purpose of this study was to prepare an effective prolonged-release of CIP by both temperature and pH-triggered in situ nanogels for the treatment of keratitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-methacrylicacide-vinylpyrrolidone) [P (NIPAAm-MAA-VP)] nanoparticles was synthesised and used for preparation of CIP-loaded nanogels. Antimicrobial and in vivo animal studies of the CIP-loaded nanoformulation were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nanoformulation with a mean particle size between 10 and 50 nm and higher than 95% encapsulation efficiency was obtained. Ciprofloxacin released from the nanoparticles showed an enhanced antibacterial effect as determined by minimal inhibitory concentrations. In vivo studies demonstrated reasonable efficacy in severe keratitis using the developed nanoformulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanoformulation had acceptable efficacy in treating bacterial keratitis in an animal model. Therefore, the developed system has the potential to be used in localised application for the treatment of keratitis.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran .
authors.forename: Soodabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davaran
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lotfipour
authors.forename: Naghmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sedghipour
authors.forename: Mohamad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sedghipour
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alimohammadi
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salehi
mesh_terms: D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005782:Gels; D008689:Methacrylates; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
keywords: In situ nanogel; antimicrobial activity; ciprofloxacin; dual stimuli responsive; keratitis; ocular drug delivery