title: Equine recurrent uveitis: Human and equine perspectives.
abstract: Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a spontaneous disease characterised by repeated episodes of intraocular inflammation. The epidemiology of ERU has not been fully elucidated, but the condition appears to be much more common in horses than is recurrent uveitis in humans, especially in certain breeds and geographical regions. Both humans and horses show a similarly altered immune response and a marked autoimmune response as the primary disease pathophysiology. However, an inciting cause is not always clear. Potential inciting factors in horses include microbial agents such as Leptospira spp. Microbial factors and genetic predisposition to the disease may provide clues as to why the horse appears so susceptible to this disease. The aim of this review is to discuss the immunology and genetics of ERU, compare the disease in horses with autoimmune anterior uveitis in humans, and discuss potential reasons for the increased prevalence in the horse.
authors.affiliation: The Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK. Electronic address: f.malalana@liverpool.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malalana
authors.affiliation: St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK.
authors.forename: Amira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stylianides
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic disease, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGowan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D014605:Uveitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Autoimmune; Equine recurrent uveitis; Intraocular inflammation; Leptospira spp