title: Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and burden of morbidity associated with self-reported hearing and vision impairments in older British community-dwelling men: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: Hearing and vision problems are common in older adults. We investigated the association of self-reported sensory impairment with lifestyle factors, chronic conditions, physical functioning, quality of life and social interaction.
  
  
  
  A population-based cross-sectional study of participants of the British Regional Heart Study aged 63-85 years.
  
  
  
  A total of 3981 men (82% response rate) provided data. Twenty-seven per cent (n = 1074) reported hearing impairment including being able to hear with aid (n = 482), being unable to hear (no aid) (n = 424) and being unable to hear despite aid (n = 168). Three per cent (n = 124) reported vision impairment. Not being able to hear, irrespective of use of hearing aid, was associated with poor quality of life, poor social interaction and poor physical functioning. Men who could not hear despite hearing aid were more likely to report coronary heart disease (CHD) [age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) 1.89 (95% confidence interval 1.36-2.63)]. Vision impairment was associated with symptoms of CHD including breathlessness [OR 2.06 (1.38-3.06)] and chest pain [OR 1.58 (1.07-2.35)]. Vision impairment was also associated with poor quality of life, poor social interaction and poor physical functioning.
  
  
  
  Sensory impairment is associated with poor physical functioning, poor health and poor social interaction in older men. Further research is warranted on pathways underlying these associations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: A E M
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Liljas
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wannamethee
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Centre, Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Whincup
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Papacosta
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iliffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ramsay
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: ageing; hearing; older adults; sensory impairments; vision