title: Viral manipulation of the host immune response.
abstract: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require a host for essential machinery to replicate and ultimately be transmitted to new susceptible hosts. At the same time, the immune system has evolved to protect the human body from invasion by viruses and other pathogens. To counter this, viruses have developed an arsenal of strategies to not only avoid immune detection but to actively manipulate host immune responses to create an environment more favorable for infection. Here, we describe recent advances uncovering novel mechanisms by which viruses skew host immune responses through modulation of cytokine and chemokine signaling networks, interference with antigen presentation and T cell responses, and preventing antibody production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road, 3-532 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christiaansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road, 3-532 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road, 3-532 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, The University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road, 3-532 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of San Francisco, Harney Science Center, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA. Electronic address: jspencer@usfca.edu.
authors.forename: Juliet V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D056747:Immunomodulation; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D018406:Virus Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators