title: Remodeling of Mitochondrial Flashes in Muscular Development and Dystrophy in Zebrafish.
abstract: Mitochondrial flash (mitoflash) is a highly-conserved, universal, and physiological mitochondrial activity in isolated mitochondria, intact cells, and live organisms. Here we investigated developmental and disease-related remodeling of mitoflash activity in zebrafish skeletal muscles. In transgenic zebrafish expressing the mitoflash reporter cpYFP, in vivo imaging revealed that mitoflash frequency and unitary properties underwent multiphasic and muscle type-specific changes, accompanying mitochondrial morphogenesis from 2 to 14 dpf. In particular, short (S)-type mitoflashes predominated in early muscle formation, then S-, transitory (T)- and regular (R)-type mitoflashes coexisted during muscle maturation, followed by a switch to R-type mitoflashes in mature skeletal muscles. In early development of muscular dystrophy, we found accelerated S- to R-type mitoflash transition and reduced mitochondrial NAD(P)H amidst a remarkable cell-to-cell heterogeneity. This study not only unravels a profound functional and morphological remodeling of mitochondria in developing and diseased skeletal muscles, but also underscores mitoflashes as a useful reporter of mitochondrial function in milieu of live animals under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chongshu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Peidong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Quanlong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiejia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yingchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yongfan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Men
authors.affiliation: Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chuanmao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xianhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China; The Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Heping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D063154:Mitochondrial Dynamics / Q000235:genetics*; D060172:Morpholinos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging; D015027:Zebrafish; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D060172:Morpholinos; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009249:NADP; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2; C435224:dmd protein, zebrafish; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria