title: Effect of Dietary Protein Levels on Composition of Odorous Compounds and Bacterial Ecology in Pig Manure.
abstract: This study was performed to investigate the effect of different levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on composition of odorous compounds and bacterial communities in pig manure. A total of 48 male pigs (average initial body weight 45 kg) fed diets containing three levels of dietary CP (20%, 17.5%, and 15%) and their slurry samples were collected from the pits under the floor every week for one month. Changes in composition of odorous compounds and bacterial communities were analyzed by gas chromatography and 454 FLX titanium pyrosequencing systems, respectively. Levels of phenols, indoles, short chain fatty acid and branched chain fatty acid were lowest (p<0.05) in CP 15% group among three CP levels. Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum and bacterial genera including Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Atopostipes, Peptonphilus, Ruminococcaceae_uc, Bacteroides, and Pseudomonas was lower (p<0.05) in CP 15% than in CP 20% group. There was a positive correlation (p<0.05) between odorous compounds and bacterial genera: phenol, indole, iso-butyric acid, and iso-valeric acid with Atopostipes, p-cresol and skatole with Bacteroides, acetic acid and butyric acid with AM982595_g of Porphyromonadaceae family, and propionic acid with Tissierella. Taken together, administration of 15% CP showed less production of odorous compounds than 20% CP group and this result might be associated with the changes in bacterial communities especially whose roles in protein metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea .
authors.forename: Sungback
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea .
authors.forename: Okhwa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea .
authors.forename: Sungkwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Bacterial Community; Dietary Crude Protein; Indoles; Phenols; Pig Slurry; Volatile Fatty Acids