title: Effect of the Rhinoplasty Technique and Lateral Osteotomy on Periorbital Edema and Ecchymosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to compare edema and ecchymosis in the early and late postoperative periods following the application of different surgical techniques (open and endonasal) and different types of lateral osteotomy (internal and external).
  
  
  METHODS
  The files and photographs of a total of 120 patients whose records were regularly maintained/updated and who underwent septorhinoplasty operation with the same surgeon were retrospectively evaluated. Sixty-nine (57.5%) patients were women and 51 (43.5%) were men. The patients were divided into 4 different groups according to the operations they underwent as follows--Group I: open technique septorhinoplasty + internal/continuous lateral osteotomy; Group II: endonasal rhinoplasty + internal/continuous lateral osteotomy; Group III: open technique septorhinoplasty + external/perforating lateral osteotomy; and Group IV: endonasal rhinoplasty + external/perforating lateral osteotomy. Postoperative edema and ecchymosis, and lateral nasal wall mucosal damage because of osteotomy were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative second day edema and ecchymosis scores were statistically significantly better in patients in Group II compared with the patients in Group I (P = 0.010 and P = 0.004, respectively). Postoperative first day edema and postoperative seventh day ecchymosis scores were statistically significantly better in the patients in Group IV compared with the patients in Group III (P = 0.025 and P = 0.011, respectively). Intraoperative bleeding was similar in all groups. The nasal tip was more flexible in patients who underwent closed technique rhinoplasty. Unilateral mucosal damage occurred in 3 patients (4%) with internal lateral osteotomy, whereas no mucosal damage was present in patients with external osteotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The difference in the rate of edema and ecchymosis in the early postoperative period between the closed technique rhinoplasty and the open surgical approach was statistically significant, whereas osteotomy did not cause a significant difference. According to these results, the authors suggest endonasal surgery to prevent the development of edema and ecchymosis, whereas the choice of lateral osteotomy should be dependent on the experience of the surgeon.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital †Elmadağ Government Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Caner
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiliç
authors.forename: Ümit
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Tuncel
authors.forename: Ela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cömert
authors.forename: Ziya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Şencan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004438:Ecchymosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult