title: Contraception in women with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a systematic review of the literature to examine original research on contraception in women with cystic fibrosis (CF) with a specific focus on safety, efficacy, non-contraceptive benefits, and utilization patterns in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed and Embase databases for any peer-reviewed original research in English on the use of contraception in women with CF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 241 unique citations. After title review and exclusion of articles not reporting original data, 18 publications were included in the final review, with at least two articles for each area of focus. Limited evidence indicates that oral contraceptive pills are likely safe and efficacious in women with CF. Hormonal contraception may reduce pulmonary exacerbation rates and decrease need for antibiotics, suggesting non-contraceptive benefits. Women with CF utilize birth control at similar rates as the general population, and oral contraceptive pills and condoms are the most commonly used methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data on the safety, efficacy, and non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal contraception in women with CF are scant. Based on the limited data, hormonal contraception seems to be safe and efficacious and may provide noncontraceptive benefits. Further high-quality data from disease-specific research are required to better inform contraceptive decision-making among women with CF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: ahroe@partners.org.
authors.forename: Andrea Hsu
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Traxler
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Courtney A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schreiber
mesh_terms: D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
keywords: Contraception; Cystic fibrosis; Efficacy; Fertility; Hormones; Safety; Systematic review