title: Determinants of time allocation across the lifespan : A theoretical model and an application to the Machiguenga and Piro of Peru.
abstract: This paper lays the groundwork for a theory of time allocation across the life course, based on the idea that strength and skill vary as a function of age, and that return rates for different activities vary as a function of the combination of strength and skills involved in performing those tasks. We apply the model to traditional human subsistence patterns. The model predicts that young children engage most heavily in low-strength/low-skill activities, middle-aged adults in high-strength/high-skill activities, and older adults in low-strength/high-skill activities. Tests among Machiguenga and Piro forager-horticulturalists of southeastern Peru show that males and females focus on low-strength/low-skill tasks early in life (domestic tasks and several forms of fishing), switch to higher-strength/higher-skill activities in their twenties and thirties (hunting, fishing, and gardening for males; fishing and gardening for females), and shift focus to high-skill activities late in life (manufacture/repair, food processing).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA. gurven@anth.ucsb.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gurven
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico, USA. hkaplan@unm.edu.
authors.forename: Hillard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaplan
keywords: Behavioral ecology; Family; Hunter-gatherers; Life history theory; Time allocation