title: Effect of wet-cold weather transportation conditions on thermoregulation and the development of accidental hypothermia in pullets under tropical conditions.
abstract: The present study examines onboard thermal microclimatic conditions and thermoregulation of pullets exposed to accidental hypothermia during wet-cold weather transportation conditions, and the effect of rewarming on colonic temperature (CT) of the birds immediately after transportation. A total of 2200 pullets were transportation for 5 h in two separate vehicles during the nighttime. The last 3 h of the transportation period was characterized by heavy rainfall. During the precipitation period, each vehicle was covered one fourth way from the top-roof with a tarpaulin. The onboard thermal conditions inside the vehicles during transportation, which comprised ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded, while humidity ratio and specific enthalpy were calculated. The CT of the birds was recorded before and after transportation. During transportation, onboard thermal heterogeneity was observed inside the vehicles with higher (p < 0.05) values in the front and center, and lower values recorded at the air inlets at the sides and rear planes. The CT values recorded in birds at the front and center planes were between 42.2 and 42.5 °C, indicative of mild hypothermia; while lower CT values between 28 and 38 °C were recorded at the sides and rear planes, indicative of mild to severe hypothermia. Several hours of gradual rewarming returned the CT to normal range. The result, for the first time, demonstrated the occurrence of accidental hypothermia in transported pullets under tropical conditions and a successful rewarming outcome. In conclusion, transportation of pullets during wet weather at onboard temperature of 18-20 °C induced hypothermia on birds located at the air inlets, which recovered fully after several hours of gradual rewarming.
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture and Animal Science, P.M.B. 2134. Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando, Kaduna, Nigeria. mnsalka@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ndazo S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Minka
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Joseph O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ayo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003106:Colon / Q000502:physiology; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008834:Microclimate; D009549:Nigeria; D011891:Rain; D017694:Rewarming; D014186:Transportation; D014329:Tropical Climate
keywords: Accidental hypothermia; Colonic temperature; Pullets; Rewarming; Transportation; Wet-cold weather