title: Clinical significance of urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein as a predictor of ESRD and CVD in patients with CKD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To improve outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is important to identify prognostic factors for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study assessed urinary concentrations of albumin, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), as predictors of ESRD and CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational, multicenter study, comprising 244 Japanese outpatients with CKD who had a follow-up period of at least 3 months. The primary endpoint was the first onset of a nonfatal or fatal CVD event and progression to ESRD, defined as myocardial infarction, stroke, or artery revascularization (coronary, carotid or peripheral), and initiation of dialysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 3.8 years, the primary endpoint occurred in 39 (15.8 %) patients. Irrespective of diabetes, high urinary L-FABP correlated with the development of ESRD and CVD. The areas under the receiver-operator characteristic curves (AUCs) for predicting the primary endpoint for urinary concentrations of L-FABP, albumin, and NAG were 0.825, 0.797, and 0.722, respectively. Cox regression analyses, which were adjusted for factors known to influence the primary endpoint, including patient characteristics, and serum and urinary parameters, demonstrated that the primary outcome was associated with high urinary L-FABP and low eGFR [p = 0.049, hazard ratio = 1.341 (95 % CI 1.005-1.790); and p < 0.000, hazard ratio = 0.953 (95 % CI 0.930-0.976), respectively].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary L-FABP may be a useful prognostic marker of progression to ESRD and the onset of CVD in patients with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.|Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.|Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamijo-Ikemori
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.|Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: The Unit of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medical Education and Culture, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatsunami
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuichi
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan. eugo@wc4.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Yugo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibagaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.|Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Takanawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000652:urine*; D018450:Disease Progression; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C493319:FABP1 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins
keywords: Cardiovascular disease (CVD); Chronic kidney disease (CKD); End-stage renal disease (ESRD); Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP); Urinary parameters