title: Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Insured Swedish Cats in Relation to Age, Breed and Sex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy in cats. Most affected cats suffer from a type of diabetes similar to type 2 diabetes in humans. An increasing prevalence has been described in cats, as in humans, related to obesity and other lifestyle factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence of DM in insured Swedish cats and the association of DM with demographic risk factors, such as age, breed and sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 504,688 individual cats accounting for 1,229,699 cat-years at risk (CYAR) insured by a Swedish insurance company from 2009 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used reimbursed insurance claims for the diagnosis of DM. Overall incidence rates and incidence rates stratified on year, age, breed, and sex were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence rate of DM in the cohort was 11.6 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0-12.2) per 10,000 CYAR. Male cats had twice as high incidence rate (15.4; 95% CI, 14.4-16.4) as females (7.6; 95% CI, 6.9-8.3). Domestic cats were at higher risk compared to purebred cats. A significant association with breed was seen, with the Burmese, Russian Blue, Norwegian Forest cat, and Abyssinian breeds at a higher risk compared to other cats. No sex predisposition was found among Burmese cats. Several breeds with a lower risk of DM were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results verify that the Burmese breed is at increased risk of developing DM. We also identified several previously unreported breeds with increased or decreased risk of DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Öhlund
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fall
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ström Holst
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hansson-Hamlin
authors.affiliation: International Partnership for Dogs, Georgian Bluffs, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonnett
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Egenvall
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002415:Cats; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D015994:Incidence; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Burmese; Epidemiology; Feline; Type 2 diabetes