title: Large-Scale Phenomics Identifies Primary and Fine-Tuning Roles for CRKs in Responses Related to Oxidative Stress.
abstract: Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are transmembrane proteins characterized by the presence of two domains of unknown function 26 (DUF26) in their ectodomain. The CRKs form one of the largest groups of receptor-like protein kinases in plants, but their biological functions have so far remained largely uncharacterized. We conducted a large-scale phenotyping approach of a nearly complete crk T-DNA insertion line collection showing that CRKs control important aspects of plant development and stress adaptation in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli in a non-redundant fashion. In particular, the analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related stress responses, such as regulation of the stomatal aperture, suggests that CRKs participate in ROS/redox signalling and sensing. CRKs play general and fine-tuning roles in the regulation of stomatal closure induced by microbial and abiotic cues. Despite their great number and high similarity, large-scale phenotyping identified specific functions in diverse processes for many CRKs and indicated that CRK2 and CRK5 play predominant roles in growth regulation and stress adaptation, respectively. As a whole, the CRKs contribute to specificity in ROS signalling. Individual CRKs control distinct responses in an antagonistic fashion suggesting future potential for using CRKs in genetic approaches to improve plant performance and stress tolerance.
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gildas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bourdais
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burdiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Adrien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microspectroscopy Center, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nitsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jarkko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salojärvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Channabasavangowda
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rayapuram
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Niina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Idänheimo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kerri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Sachie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Ebe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Merilo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Aleksia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaattovaara
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oracz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaufholdt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pallon
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Damar Tri
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Anggoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dawid
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glów
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Puukko
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kollist
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brosché
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Durner
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microspectroscopy Center, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Borst
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Collinge
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karpiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lyngkjær
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robatzek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wrzaczek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kangasjärvi
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000276:immunology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000276:immunology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000276:immunology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C036483:T-DNA; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C089427:RLK5 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C523449:receptor-like protein kinase 2, Arabidopsis