title: Tilting Plant Metabolism for Improved Metabolite Biosynthesis and Enhanced Human Benefit.
abstract: The immense chemical diversity of plant-derived secondary metabolites coupled with their vast array of biological functions has seen this group of compounds attract considerable research interest across a range of research disciplines. Medicinal and aromatic plants, in particular, have been exploited for this biogenic pool of phytochemicals for products such as pharmaceuticals, fragrances, dyes, and insecticides, among others. With consumers showing increasing interests in these products, innovative biotechnological techniques are being developed and employed to alter plant secondary metabolism in efforts to improve on the quality and quantity of specific metabolites of interest. This review provides an overview of the biosynthesis for phytochemical compounds with medicinal and other related properties and their associated biological activities. It also provides an insight into how their biosynthesis/biosynthetic pathways have been modified/altered to enhance production.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. ncubeb@ukzn.ac.za.
authors.forename: Bhekumthetho
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ncube
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. rcpgd@ukzn.ac.za.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Staden
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007306:Insecticides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D060847:Metabolic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D064210:Secondary Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D013634:Tannins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013729:Terpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D007306:Insecticides; D064209:Phytochemicals; D013634:Tannins; D013729:Terpenes
keywords: bioactivity; biosynthesis; metabolism; plant secondary metabolite