title: Apolipoprotein B Is Related to Metabolic Syndrome Independently of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies demonstrated apolipoprotein B (apoB), a protein mainly located in LDL-C, was an independent predictor of the development of CVD especially in patients with T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between apoB and MetS in T2DM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 912 patients with T2DM. Fasting blood samples were taken for glycated hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C, and apoB. MetS was defined by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. We performed a hierarchical regression analysis with apoB as the dependent variable. Age, sex, the number of components of MetS and LDL-C were entered at model 1, the use of lipid-lowering medications at model 2, and the individual components of MetS were added at model 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of total subjects had MetS. ApoB level was higher in subjects with than those without MetS (104.5±53.3 mg/dL vs. 87.7±33.7 mg/dL, P<0.01) even after adjusting for LDL-C. ApoB and LDL-C were positively correlated to the number of MetS components. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that the increasing number of MetS components was associated with higher level of apoB at step 1 and step 2 (β=0.120, P<0.001 and β=0.110, P<0.001, respectively). At step 3, TG (β=0.116, P<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (β=0.099, P<0.05) were found to significantly contribute to apoB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with T2DM, apoB is significantly related to MetS independently of LDL-C level. Of the components of MetS, TG, and systolic blood pressure appeared to be determinants of apoB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Younghyup
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Soyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ouk
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Dahee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Cheol
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Shinhang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kiyoung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Taeg
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Mi
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea. okdom@jejunu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Gwanpyo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koh
keywords: Apolipoproetin B; Cardiovascular diseases; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Metabolic syndrome