title: Effects of provision of type 2 diabetes genetic risk feedback on patient perceptions of diabetes control and diet and physical activity self-efficacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined effects of providing type 2 diabetes genetic risk feedback on controllability perceptions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in which overweight/obese Veterans Affairs patients without diabetes received conventional type 2 diabetes risk counseling that included either (1) personalized diabetes genetic risk feedback (genetic risk arm) or (2) eye disease counseling (comparison arm). Perceived diabetes control, and dietary and physical activity self-efficacy were compared between study arms, and between the comparison arm and each of 3 DNA-based genetic risk levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants (N=531) were predominately male, middle-age, and African American. Immediately post-counseling, perceived diabetes control was higher for the genetic risk arm (risk levels combined) than the comparison arm (p=0.005). In analyses by genetic risk levels, low genetic risk participants reported higher perceived diabetes control than comparison participants (p=0.007). Immediately post-counseling, low genetic risk participants reported higher dietary self-efficacy in situations when mood is negative compared with controls(p=0.01). At 3 months, no differences in constructs were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic risk feedback for diabetes has temporary effects on perceived controllability among patients with low genetic risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians and other stakeholders should consider the limited effects on behavior change of diabetes genetic risk feedback.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: megan.mcvay@va.gov.
authors.forename: Megan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McVay
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beadles
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Ryanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grubber
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Coffman
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yancy
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Duke University Medical center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Isaac Lipkus
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Corrine I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Voils
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Genetic counseling; Health behavior; Type 2