title: Cross-cultural Measurement Equivalence of the KINDL Questionnaire for Quality of Life Assessment in Children and Adolescents.
abstract: This cross-cultural study aimed to assess whether Iranian and Serbian children, and also their parents, perceived the meaning of the items in the KINDL quality of life questionnaire consistently. The sample included 1086 Iranian and 756 Serbian children and adolescents, alongside 1061 and 618 of their parents, respectively. The ordinal logistic regression was used to assess differential item functioning (DIF) of the self and proxy-reports of the two versions of the KINDL, including Kid-KINDL and Kiddo-KINDL, across Iranian and Serbian samples. Statistically significant DIF was flagged for 14 out of 24 (58%) and 20 out of 24 (83%) items in the self-report of the Kid-KINDL and Kiddo-KINDL, respectively. Moreover, 20 out of 24 (83%) in the proxy reports of the both Kid-KINDL and Kiddo-KINDL, showed DIF across two samples. Accordingly, considerable caution is warranted when using the KINDL for cross-cultural comparisons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Dr. Subotic 6a, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. stevanovic.dejan79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stevanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bagheri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D055771:Serbia / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Children; Cross-cultural; Differential item functioning; Quality of life