title: "If you do nothing about stress, the next thing you know, you're shattered": Perspectives on African American men's stress, coping and health from African American men and key women in their lives.
abstract: Stress has been implicated as a key contributor to poor health outcomes; however, few studies have examined how African American men and women explicitly describe the relationships among stress, coping, and African American men's health. In this paper, we explore strategies men use to cope with stress, and beliefs about the consequences of stress for African American men's health behaviors, morbidity and mortality from the perspectives of African American men and women. A phenomenological analytic approach was used to examine focus group data collected from 154 African American men (18 focus groups) and 77 African American women (8 focus groups). Women's perspectives were captured because women often observe men under stress and can provide support to men during stressful times. Our findings indicate that African American men in this study responded to stress by engaging in often identified coping behaviors (i.e., consumption of calorie dense food, exercise, spiritually-related activities). Men in our study, however, did not always view their responses to stress as explicit coping mechanisms. There was also some discordance between men's and women's perceptions of men's coping behaviors as there were occasions where they seemed to interpret the same behavior differently (e.g., resting vs. avoidance). Men and women believed that stress helped to explain why African American men had worse health than other groups. They identified mental, physical and social consequences of stress. We conclude by detailing implications for conceptualizing and measuring coping and we outline key considerations for interventions and further research about stress, coping and health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, USA.
authors.forename: Katrina R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University, USA; Center for Medicine, Health and Society, Vanderbilt University, USA. Electronic address: Derek.griffith@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Derek M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, USA.
authors.forename: Julie Ober
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
authors.forename: Roland J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.affiliation: Center for Health of Minority Males, University of Mississippi Medical Center & Jackson State University, USA; Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, Jackson State University, USA.
authors.forename: Marino A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruce
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: African American; Coping; Masculinity; Men's health; Stress