title: pUL69 of Human Cytomegalovirus Recruits the Cellular Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 6 via a Domain That Is Crucial for mRNA Export and Efficient Viral Replication.
abstract: The regulatory protein pUL69 of human cytomegalovirus acts as a viral mRNA export factor, facilitating the cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced RNA via interaction with the cellular mRNA export factor UAP56. Here we provide evidence for a posttranslational modification of pUL69 via arginine methylation within the functionally important N terminus. First, we demonstrated a specific immunoprecipitation of full-length pUL69 as well as pUL69aa1-146 by a mono/dimethylarginine-specific antibody. Second, we observed a specific electrophoretic mobility shift upon overexpression of the catalytically active protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6). Third, a direct interaction of pUL69 and PRMT6 was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation analyses. We mapped the PRMT6 interaction motif to the pUL69 N terminus and identified critical amino acids within the arginine-rich R1 box of pUL69 that were crucial for PRMT6 and/or UAP56 recruitment. In order to test the impact of putative methylation substrates on the functions of pUL69, we constructed various pUL69 derivatives harboring arginine-to-alanine substitutions and tested them for RNA export activity. Thus, we were able to discriminate between arginines within the R1 box of pUL69 that were crucial for UAP56/PRMT6-interaction and/or mRNA export activity. Remarkably, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed the same α-helical structures for pUL69 sequences encoding either the wild type R1/R2 boxes or a UAP56/PRMT6 binding-deficient derivative, thereby excluding the possibility that R/A amino acid substitutions within R1 affected the secondary structure of pUL69. We therefore conclude that the pUL69 N terminus is methylated by PRMT6 and that this critically affects the functions of pUL69 for efficient mRNA export and replication of human cytomegalovirus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The UL69 protein of human cytomegalovirus is a multifunctional regulatory protein that acts as a viral RNA export factor with a critical role for efficient replication. Here, we demonstrate that pUL69 is posttranslationally modified via arginine methylation and that the protein methyltransferase PRMT6 mediates this modification. Furthermore, arginine residues with a crucial function for RNA export and for binding of the cellular RNA export factor UAP56 as well as PRMT6 were mapped within the arginine-rich R1 motif of pUL69. Importantly, we demonstrated that mutation of those arginines did not alter the secondary structure of R1, suggesting that they may serve as critical methylation substrates. In summary, our study reveals a novel posttranslational modification of pUL69 which has a significant impact on the function of this important viral regulatory protein. Since PRMTs appear to be amenable to selective inhibition by small molecules, this may constitute a novel target for antiviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonntag
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zielke
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Torgils
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fossen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany thomas.stamminger@viro.med.uni-erlangen.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stamminger
mesh_terms: D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; D034443:RNA Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015534:Trans-Activators; C446019:pUL69 protein, Human herpesvirus 5; C447833:PRMT6 protein, human; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; C487886:DDX39B protein, human; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases