title: Quality of life impacts from rotavirus gastroenteritis on children and their families in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rotavirus vaccines (RV) are safe and effective but demand significant investment of healthcare resource. In countries with low mortality due to rotavirus, a key component to assessing cost-effectiveness is quantifying the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) lost due to rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (RVAGE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Families with children less than six years old with gastroenteritis were recruited from attendees to Bristol Children's Hospital Emergency Department. Stools were tested for viral causes of gastroenteritis. Children's HRQoL was assessed at presentation using Health Utilities Index 2 (HUI2) with visual analogue scale (VAS). The effect of the child's illness on the HRQoL of up to two adult carers was assessed using EQ-5D-5L. Families completed a daily symptom diary to assess time to recovery and within-family transmission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  127 families consented to take part, 84(65%) had rotavirus as the cause of illness. At the time of attendance, mean paediatric HRQoL with RVAGE was 0.74(HUI2) and 0.42(VAS). Primary/secondary carer's HRQoL was 0.68/0.80 (EQ5D) or 0.70/0.79 (VAS). The mean number of QALYs lost due to RVAGE was 3.1-3.5 per thousand children and 7.7-8.7 per thousand family units. In 52% of RVAGE families at least one other member developed a secondary case of gastroenteritis. For working parents, 69% missed work, for a mean of 2.8 days (95% CI 2.3-3.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found the HRQoL loss associated with RVAGE in children and their carers to be significantly higher than estimates used for all RV medical attendances in UK cost-effectiveness calculations.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK; Schools of Clinical Sciences & Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. Electronic address: robin.marlow@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.affiliation: Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK; Schools of Clinical Sciences & Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.affiliation: Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trotter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005192:Family Health; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Economic evaluation; Great Britain; Quality of life; Rotavirus; Rotavirus vaccines