title: Proposal for anatomical classification of the superior pole in thyroid surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose a distinct anatomical classification for the superior thyroid pole that may serve as a surgical landmark and could help reduce complications in thyroid surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive anatomical study based on existing literature and surgical observations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed superior pole classification is based on two parameters that closely interact: one is the shape of the superior pole and the other is the structure of the vascular pedicle of the superior pole. We have come up with three distinct types of superior thyroid pole anatomical structure that may be predictive of the risk for both hemorrhage and nerve injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superior pole classification may serve as a guiding tool during thyroid surgery in order to reduce complications such as bleeding and injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Aviram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizrachi
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Christina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Swartzwelder
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Ashok R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shaha
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007823:Laryngeal Nerves / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000145:classification*
keywords: external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve; superior pole; superior thyroid artery; thyroidectomy