title: One-Step Generation of Multifunctional Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules via Nanoscale Interfacial Complexation in Emulsion (NICE).
abstract: Polyelectrolyte microcapsules represent versatile stimuli-responsive structures that enable the encapsulation, protection, and release of active agents. Their conventional preparation methods, however, tend to be time-consuming, yield low encapsulation efficiency, and seldom allow for the dual incorporation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials, limiting their widespread utilization. In this work, we present a method to fabricate stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte microcapsules in one step based on nanoscale interfacial complexation in emulsions (NICE) followed by spontaneous droplet hatching. NICE microcapsules can incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials and also can be induced to trigger the release of encapsulated materials by changes in the solution pH or ionic strength. We also show that NICE microcapsules can be functionalized with nanomaterials to exhibit useful functionality, such as response to a magnetic field and disassembly in response to light. NICE represents a potentially transformative method to prepare multifunctional nanoengineered polyelectrolyte microcapsules for various applications such as drug delivery and cell mimicry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Miju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.|School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Highley
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burdick
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pil J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.|School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junsang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Daeyeon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002214:Capsules; D003911:Dextrans; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004655:Emulsions; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007700:Kinetics; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010078:Oxazines; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002214:Capsules; D003911:Dextrans; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D010078:Oxazines; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; C006903:carbopol 940; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; C044808:nile red
keywords: polyelectrolyte complexes; polyelectrolyte microcapsule; stimuli-responsive materials; triggered release