title: Origin identification of dried distillers grains with solubles using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy after in situ oil extraction.
abstract: The ban on using processed animal proteins in feedstuffs led the feed sector to look for other sources of protein. Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) could be considered as an important source in this regard. They are imported into Europe mainly for livestock feed. Identifying their origin is essential when labelling is missing and for feed safety, particularly in a crisis situation resulting from contamination. This study investigated applying attenuated total reflection Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-MIR) to the oil fraction extracted from samples in situ in order to identify the origin of DDGS. The use of spectroscopic and chemometric tools enabled the botanical and geographical origins of DDGS, as well as the industrial process used to produce them, to be identified. The models developed during the study provided a classification higher than 95% using an external validation set.
authors.affiliation: Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Henseval Building, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Electronic address: p.vermeulen@cra.wallonie.be.
authors.forename: Ph
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.affiliation: Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Henseval Building, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fernández Pierna
authors.affiliation: Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Henseval Building, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Henseval Building, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dardenne
authors.affiliation: Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Henseval Building, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baeten
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D005060:Europe; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000592:standards; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014481:United States; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: ATR-FT-MIR; Authentication; DDGS; Feed; In situ extraction